Federal Register / Vol. 76, No. 152 / Monday, August 8, 2011 / Rules and Regulations 48009

modifications for nitrogen oxides as Washington, DC 20590 (Telephone: discussion of the preemptive effect of precursors to ozone under § 52.21. (202) 366–0098) (Fax: (202) 366–7002). FMVSS No. 108 included in the * * * * * For legal issues: Mr. Thomas Healy, preamble of the final rule. After careful [FR Doc. 2011–19897 Filed 8–5–11; 8:45 am] Office of the Chief Counsel (NCC–112), review and consideration of the BILLING CODE 6560–50–P NHTSA, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., petitions for reconsideration, the agency West Building, Washington, DC 20590 is amending FMVSS No. 108 in order to (Telephone: (202) 366–2992) (Fax: (202) correct technical errors within the final 366–3820). DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION rule and is providing a partial response SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: to petitions for reconsideration including the submission addressing the National Highway Traffic Safety Table of Contents Administration preemptive effect of the rule. The I. Executive Summary remaining items in the petitions for 49 CFR Part 571 II. Background reconsideration, which include III. Petitions for Reconsideration substantive issues and are not addressed [Docket No. NHTSA–2007–28322] A. Definitions within this partial response, will be B. Technical Amendments RIN 2127–AL00 addressed in a separate notice. We C. Claims of Substantive Amendment expect to publish that notice before the D. Amendments To Improve Clarity Federal Motor Vehicle Safety final rule effective date of December 1, IV. Agency Analysis and Response 2012. Standards; Lamps, Reflective Devices, A. Definitions and Associated Equipment B. Technical Amendments II. Background C. Claims of Substantive Amendment AGENCY: National Highway Traffic D. Amendments To Improve Clarity NHTSA published a Notice of Safety Administration (NHTSA), E. Preemptive Effect of FMVSS No. 108 Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) on Department of Transportation (DOT). V. Rulemaking Analyses and Notices December 30, 2005 2 proposing to reorganize FMVSS No. 108 and improve ACTION: Final rule; response to petitions I. Executive Summary for reconsideration. the clarity of the standard’s On December 4, 2007 NHTSA requirements, thereby increasing its SUMMARY: On December 4, 2007, published a final rule 1 that amended utility for regulated parties. The NHTSA published a final rule that Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard proposed administrative rewrite amended the Federal motor vehicle (FMVSS) No. 108, Lamps, reflective attempted to make the standard more safety standard for lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment. That understandable by adopting a simplified devices, and associated equipment with final rule reorganized the regulatory text numbering scheme to improve an effective date of September 1, 2008. and explicitly added to the text existing organization; by grouping related In response, the agency received requirements from third-party standards materials in a more logical and thirteen petitions for reconsideration. that had previously been incorporated consistent sequence; and by reducing The effective date of the final rule was by reference. In rewriting the standard the certification burden of regulated delayed in subsequent notices to NHTSA sought not to make any parties who previously needed to December 1, 2012. This document substantive changes or impose new review a few dozen third-party corrects several technical errors in the requirements on regulated parties. The documents. final rule and completes the agency’s objectives of the rewrite were to: (1) From a regulatory perspective, it was response to the issues raised in the Make requirements easier to find and the agency’s intention, as expressed in submitted petitions for reconsideration. comprehend; (2) present performance the NPRM, that the administrative requirements and test procedures rewrite of FMVSS No. 108 would DATES: Effective Date: The final rule is together in one place, instead of obliging neither result in any current obligations effective December 1, 2012. The the user to locate the relevant provisions being diminished, nor any new incorporation by reference of certain of third-party documents previously obligations being imposed. In other publications listed in the rule is incorporated by reference; and (3) words, the substantive requirements of approved by the Director of the Federal update FMVSS No. 108 to reflect the standard would be identical to those Register as of December 1, 2012. significant letters of interpretation. The of the currently-applicable version of Compliance Date: Voluntary early rewrite of FMVSS No. 108 was FMVSS No. 108 and underlying compliance is permitted beginning considered administrative in nature documents incorporated by reference. August 8, 2011. because the standard’s existing Therefore, we stated that regulated Petitions for Reconsideration: requirements and obligations were not parties would not need to make any Petitions for reconsideration of this final increased, decreased, or substantively changes to their respective products or rule must be received not later than modified. production processes if our proposal September 22, 2011. The agency received several petitions were made final. ADDRESSES: Any petitions for for reconsideration which stated some The agency considered comments reconsideration should refer to the aspects of the final rule failed to adhere received on the NPRM and published a docket number of this document and be to the agency’s stated goal of not final rule on December 4, 2007. The submitted to: Administrator, National substantively modifying the standard’s final rule incorporated some of the Highway Traffic Safety Administration, existing requirements. Also, the agency comments received in response to the 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., West received petitions for reconsideration NPRM by further consolidating test Building, Ground Floor, Docket Room that identified formatting and procedures and performance W12–140, Washington, DC 20590. grammatical errors. In addition to the requirements from multiple tables to FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: petitions addressing the technical single paragraphs, incorporating For technical issues: Mr. Markus aspects of the standard, the agency also additional Society of Automotive Price, Office of Crash Avoidance received a submission questioning the Engineers (SAE) documents directly Standards (NVS–121), NHTSA, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., West Building, 1 72 FR 68234, (Dec. 4, 2007). 2 70 FR 77454, (Dec. 30, 2005).

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into the regulatory text, and further submitted by AAJ challenged the definition was similar to the definition consolidating marking requirements. preemptive language of the final rule used in an interpretation letter to Al The final rule also added additional preamble. The remaining petitions Cunningham on November 3, 1988 4 that tables and figures and changed the requested substantive changes to the responded to his request for clarification structure of the standard to present the rule. as to the meaning of the term ‘‘multiple requirements in a more standardized The matters raised in the petitions fall compartment lamp.’’ and user-friendly manner. The final rule generally into four categories and will The Associations pointed out that the amended FMVSS No. 108 by: (1) be answered as follows: (1) Requests agency placed the definitions for all of Reorganizing the regulatory text so that that additional definitions be added to the various headlamp types, except it provides a more straightforward and the final rule; (2) requests for technical ‘‘combination headlamp,’’ in the logical presentation of the applicable amendments to the final rule to correct definition section of the final rule. They regulatory requirements; (2) grammar, formatting, and technical suggested the following definition be incorporating important agency issues; (3) claims that the agency added added to the definitions section: interpretations of the existing new substantive requirements to the ‘‘Combination headlamp system: For a requirements; and (3) reducing reliance standard during the rewrite; and (4) two lamp system, a combination of two on third-party documents incorporated requests for amendments to the standard different headlamps chosen from: Type by reference. The preamble of the final to improve readability or clarify certain F, an integral beam headlamp, or a rule again stated that it was not the language. The petitions requesting replaceable bulb headlamp and for a agency’s intention to create any substantive amendments to the rule will four lamp system, any combination of substantive changes to the standard be addressed in another notice. four different headlamps chosen from: through the administrative rewrite. A. Definitions Type F, an integral beam headlamp, or a replaceable bulb headlamp.’’ The III. Petitions for Reconsideration Several petitioners requested that the Associations and Grote recommended agency add new definitions to clarify NHTSA received thirteen timely replacing the terms ‘‘lamps section’’ or terms used in the text of the final rule. petitions for reconsideration from ‘‘compartments’’ with a universal term AAM and Nissan requested that the automotive manufacturers, lighting ‘‘lighted sections.’’ suppliers, motorcycle manufacturers, definition of a clearance lamp be material manufacturers, a testing modified to remove the language B. Technical Amendments 3 containing the mounting and spacing laboratory, and a trial bar association. The petitions requested various requirements for the lamp. AAM and The Alliance of Automobile technical amendments to the standard Nissan claimed that the mounting and Manufacturers (AAM), Ford Motor to amend formatting and grammatical spacing requirements are contained Company (Ford), Nissan North America issues. Nissan stated that the agency elsewhere in FMVSS No. 108, therefore, (Nissan), Toyota Motor North America referenced an American Society for (Toyota), Koito Manufacturing Co. LTD it was not necessary that these Testing and Materials (ASTM) (Koito), Valeo Lighting Systems (Valeo), requirements be included in the specification in the final rule in Grote Industries LLC (Grote), Harley- definition. Nissan claimed that paragraph S14.5.3.2 yet this Davidson Motor Company (Harley- removing the mounting and spacing specification was not listed in paragraph Davidson), GE Consumer & Industrial— requirements would make the definition S5. Lighting (GE), SABIC Innovative Plastics more consistent with the definitions of Nissan pointed out a grammatical (SABIC), Calcoast, and American other lamps regulated by the standard. Association for Justice (AAJ) submitted Similarly, both petitioners requested error in paragraph S6.4.4. Nissan petitions for reconsideration of the final that language regarding mounting and suggested changing the phrase ‘‘* * * rule. The Motor and Equipment spacing requirements be removed from overall width, that are * * *’’ to ‘‘* * * Manufacturers Association (MEMA), the the definitions of identification and side overall width, that is * * *’’ Transportation Safety Equipment marker lamps. AAM and Nissan AAM requested that the ‘‘DOT Institute (TSEI), and the Motor Vehicle suggested a definition that would marking’’ requirement for headlamps Lighting Council (MVLC), collectively eliminate the mounting location located in paragraph S6.5.1 be moved to the Associations, submitted a joint description and spacing requirements paragraph S6.5.3 so that it would be petition for reconsideration. Several of from each of these three lamp located with the other headlamp the petitions claimed that the final rule definitions. markings. imposed new substantive requirements The Associations, Grote, and Valeo The Associations and AAM noted that that were not previously included in the suggested creating a definition for the paragraph S6.5.3 occurs twice, once old standard. Many of the petitions term ‘‘headlamp system.’’ Each of these marked Headlamp markings and once pointed out grammatical and formatting petitioners suggested the following marked Trademark. They requested that issues contained in the final rule. The definition: ‘‘A vehicle-based the Trademark paragraph numbering petitions also requested that the agency headlighting system which is composed change to S6.5.3.1. make additional technical changes and of headlamps mounted on opposite AAM requested that the format of amend the format of some areas of the sides of and symmetrical to the ‘‘SEALED BEAM,’’ as shown in final rule to further advance the goals of centerline of the vehicle.’’ paragraph S6.5.3.3.1, be standardized the rewrite. Other petitions claimed that Nissan suggested a definition for the with the format as it appears in Table the final rule failed to accurately term ‘‘multiple compartment lamp.’’ III, which is not fully capitalized. AAM transpose previously referenced Nissan suggested the following requested that the phrase be modified to documents or interpretation letters into definition: ‘‘Multiple compartment lamp ‘‘Sealed Beam’’ in paragraph S6.5.3.3.1. the regulation text. The petition means a device which gives its AAM stated that in paragraph indication by two or more areas, S7.1.1.11, FMVSS No. 108’s revised text 3 NHTSA also received several petitions for illuminated by separate light sources, uses the term ‘‘compartments’’ even reconsideration after the January 18, 2008 deadline which are joined by one or more though the preamble to that rule stated specified in the final rule. It is the agency’s policy to treat untimely petitions for reconsideration as common parts, such as a housing or petitions for rulemaking. See 49 CFR 553.35. lens.’’ Nissan pointed out that this 4 http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/3135o.html.

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that this term would be used in the addition, Nissan requested that the The Associations, Nissan, and AAM singular form. activation specifications for the upper pointed out that the alignment of AAM recommended adding a beam headlamp read: ‘‘Steady burning, lighting device functions to their corner qualifying statement ‘‘provided that the except may be flashed for signaling points is incorrect in Table V–b. AAM requirements of S6.1.3.2 are met’’ to purposes.’’ Nissan also requested that requested the elimination of the billing paragraphs S7.1.1.11.1, similar to the English units of measurement be added code from the bottom of that table. statements used in paragraphs to the Mounting Height column of Table Nissan requested that the word S7.1.2.11.1, S7.2.11.1, and S7.3.11.1, in I–a for the lower and upper beam ‘‘zone’’ be replaced with the word order to clarify the requirements for headlamps. AAM requested that all ‘‘group’’ in footnote 2 in Table VIII. multiple compartment lamps. measurements in Tables I–a, I–b, and I– Nissan also requested that the word Nissan requested that the phrase c be displayed in both English and ‘‘group’’ replace the word ‘‘zone’’ in ‘‘generated by a 1.0 radius around metric units. AAM requested that a footnote 4 of Table XII. Nissan made the * * *’’ be changed to ‘‘generated by a horizontal line be placed above the DRL same request of footnote 2 of Tables XIV 1.0 degree radius around * * *’’ in subtitle. Both Nissan and AAM and XV. Nissan requested that the paragraph S7.1.1.12.4. requested that the mounting location agency amend footnote 2 of Table XVI AAM recommended a modification to and color information be moved to the to replace the word ‘‘zone’’ with the paragraph S7.2.9, which deals with appropriate column for reflex reflectors word ‘‘group.’’ taillamp markings. AAM requested that in Table I–a. Nissan asked that the AAM requested that the agency the agency change the pointing subtitle for additional lamps required amend footnote 6 of Table IX so that the statement in that paragraph to point to for wide vehicles change the word photometric intensity requirements for the specific subparagraph S6.5.1.2 ‘‘truck’’ to ‘‘trucks.’’ AAM and Nissan stop lamps combined with taillamps rather than paragraph S6.5. AAM also requested that the turn signal truck correspond with SAE J1398 (MAY requested that a more specific pointer be tractor exception be moved to a new 1985), Stop Lamps for Use on Motor added for paragraphs S7.3.9, S7.4.9, line. Vehicles 2032 mm or More in Overall S7.5.9, S7.6.9, S7.7.9, S7.8.9, S7.9.9, AAM noted that a billing code is Width, incorporated by reference in the S7.10.9, S7.11.9, and S8.1.9. inappropriately located after Table I–c. currently applicable version of FMVSS AAM requested that S7.7.4 be AAM requested that, within the No. 108. AAM stated that footnote 6 of changed from pointing to Tables I (a–c) mounting location column for the upper Table IX should be changed to ’’values that state ‘‘No requirement,’’ to simply beam headlamp, a note be added that followed by a slash * * *’’ (in contrast state within that text ‘‘No Requirement.’’ states: ‘‘See additional requirements in to the current ‘‘Values preceded by a AAM pointed out that this is consistent S10.14.1, S10.17.1.2, and S10.17.1.3,’’ to slash’’) for the H–5L test point so that with other areas of the regulatory text reference additional mounting the standard required the correct such as in paragraphs S7.7.7 and S7.7.8. requirements for motorcycle headlamps. photometric multiplier for wide The Associations requested that the AAM also noted that the same column vehicles. paragraph numeration be corrected in for the lower beam headlamp points to In Table XV, Nissan noted that the the subparagraphs of S7.9.14. They paragraph S6.1.4.2.1.3, however, this test points columns should be listed as stated that the paragraph structure paragraph does not exist. The horizontal first and vertical second. contains S7.9.14.1.1 and S7.9.14.1.2, Associations and AAM requested that The Associations claimed that the however, it does not contain a the word ‘‘between’’ be added to the final rule had an error in Figure 8, paragraph S7.9.14.1. turn signal minimum edge to edge ‘‘Replaceable Light Source Detection Nissan noted a grammatical error in distance. Test Setup,’’ and requested that paragraph S14.2.1.5.2. It requested that AAM claimed that the term dimension ‘‘A’’ be replaced with the the wording be modified from ‘‘* * * of ‘‘Motorcycle Headlamp’’ in Table III term ‘‘Light Center Length.’’ The multiple compartment lamp or * * *’’ should read ‘‘Motorcycle Replaceable Associations also requested that Figure to ‘‘* * * of multiple compartment Bulb Headlamp’’ so that it agrees with 14 be changed. They stated that the lamps or * * *’’. paragraph S10.17.2. AAM also material specification for the ‘‘Disc. arm Toyota requested that paragraph suggested adding the word ‘‘Optional’’ Brace & Clamp’’ should appear as S14.3.1 be modified to use the in the markings of the Table III column ‘‘SAE–AA–6061 T6 or equiv,’’ and the abbreviation ‘‘in.’’ for the unit inch for Lamps (Other Than Headlamps), ‘‘Coil Spring and Level Clip’’ should instead of the abbreviation ‘‘in’’ without Reflective Devices, and Associated appear as ‘‘Spring Steel SAE 1858 a period. Equipment. AAM also stated it found an –Cadmium Plate.’’ Also, they stated that GE and the Associations requested a incorrect pointing statement to S6.5.4.3 in Figure 14, ‘‘5.00 Bubble movement’’ modification to paragraph S14.6.9.1.1, for the replaceable bulb headlamp in the should be replaced by ‘‘5.88 Bubble which they pointed out incorrectly Requirement column of Table III. AAM movement’’ and the screw ‘‘Typ. #18’’ converts 176 degrees Fahrenheit to 60 believed that the pointer should instead should be ‘‘Typ. #10.’’ Finally, in Figure degrees Celsius. They requested the point to paragraph S6.5.3.4.1. AAM also 14, the Associations suggested that the Celsius number be changed to 80 pointed out that Table III does not dimension of ‘‘100.33’’ should instead degrees. contain the marking requirements for a be ‘‘188.33.’’ Nissan and AAM stated that within replaceable lens headlamp called out in Table I–a, the subtitle Additional paragraph 5.8.11 of the existing FMVSS C. Claims of Substantive Amendment Lamps, Required on All Multipurpose No. 108. Finally, AAM requested that Several of the petitions claimed that Passenger Vehicles (MPV), Trucks, and the phrase ‘‘See requirements’’ be added during the rewrite process the agency Buses, 2032 MM or More in Overall to the sealed beam headlamp type created new substantive requirements of Width appears twice. AAM and Nissan designation in the Marking Location FMVSS No. 108 when the agency also requested that the activation column. incorporated SAE standards that criteria text be moved to the Device For Table V–a, Nissan requested that petitioners claim were not fully Activation column from the Mounting the measurements for the required incorporated or failed to accurately Height column for the lower beam visibility for the backup lamp should be transpose the requirements of third headlamp, which is currently blank. In in both metric and English units. party standards.

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Valeo stated that paragraph S6.1.1.4 in paragraph S6.1.3.1, however, it stated lamp, reflective device, or piece of ‘‘would prohibit daytime running lights that it appears the term ‘‘fixed body associated equipment and is not (DRLs) in combination with parking panel’’ reflects the intent of the July 7, separately listed as an item in the Table lights.’’ Valeo maintained that the 2000 letter of interpretation to Gary I or Table III of the current rule, and existing regulatory text allowed DRLs to King 5 which states ‘‘body mounted therefore, is not regulated by FMVSS be incorporated with parking lamps and lamps (rear turn signal, stop, or tail No. 108. Harley-Davidson suggested that urged the agency to retain the existing lamps) are the ones that must be this requirement does not apply to provision. Valeo referenced paragraph designed to comply with FMVSS [No.] motorcycles. Harley-Davidson stated S5.5.11(a) of the current standard, 108.’’ that paragraph S6.1.3.3 of the referenced which states that any pair of lamps Harley-Davidson requested that SAE document SAE J587 (OCT 81), other than parking lamps or fog lamps paragraph S6.2.3 be revised to clarify License Plate Illumination Devices, may be wired as DRLs. Valeo claimed that the headlamp ornamentation excludes motorcycles from that that the fact that parking lights cannot prohibition in paragraph S6.2.3.1 does provision. Harley-Davidson also stated be used as DRLs is evident because not apply to motorcycles. Harley- that the existing incorporation by parking lamps would not meet the Davidson noted that the provision of reference only applied to the lamps, and photometric requirements of DRLs. FMVSS No. 108 prohibiting headlamp not to the license plate holder. Valeo claimed that there is no way to ornamentation is contained in The Associations and Ford requested reconcile Table 1 of SAE J222 (DEC paragraph S7.8.5 of the current a change to requirements for turn signal 1970), Parking Lamps, with the standard, a paragraph Harley-Davidson photometric multipliers contained in minimum requirement of 500 candela at claimed does not apply to motorcycles. paragraphs S7.1.1.10.1 through point Horizontal-Vertical of the beam Harley-Davidson referenced a December S7.1.1.10.4. The Associations asserted pattern required in the regulation text. 6, 1999 interpretation letter to Piaggio & that the currently applicable version of Valeo pointed out that many vehicles C.S.p.A 6 and a September 29, 2000 FMVSS No. 108 does not make any currently use front turn signals that are letter to Carter Engineering 7 to support distinction between reflector-based, and optically combined with parking lamps its view on these issues. non-reflector-based optics when as DRLs. Valeo requested that the AAM requested that the markings calculating the turn signal spacing to agency clarify the wording of paragraph requirements of a sealed beam other lamps. They requested that S6.1.1.4 to disallow a DRL consisting of headlamp remove the term ‘‘molded’’ in paragraphs S7.1.1.10.1 through the parking lamp alone, while allowing paragraph S6.5.3.3.1. AAM argued that S7.1.1.10.3 be replaced by the paragraph a DRL that is optically combined with the text of the currently applicable S5.3.1.7 of the current standard, which the parking lamp. version of FMVSS No. 108 did not contains the currently applicable Calcoast requested a modification to require the marking to be molded into requirements for turn signal paragraph S6.1.3.2 to clarify the the lens. photometric multipliers. Ford performance requirements for multiple Ford and AAM requested that the referenced the preamble to a previous lighted section lamps. This paragraph hazard warning pilot indicator agency NPRM 8 incorporating an SAE states that ‘‘when multiple lamp requirement be deleted from paragraph standard on turn signals to support its arrangements or multiple compartment S6.6.2. They claimed that the current claim that the graduated turn signal rear turn signal lamps, stop lamps, or version of FMVSS No. 108 does not intensity requirements for turn signals taillamps are used, with only a portion require a hazard pilot indicator light. located near auxiliary lamps in of the compartments or lamps installed They maintained that although SAE paragraph S7.1.1.10.4 were not included on a rigid part of the vehicle, that J910 (JAN 1966), Hazard Warning Signal in the text of the currently applicable portion must meet at least the Switch, incorporated by reference in the version of FMVSS No. 108. Ford photometric requirements for the existing standard, recommends a pilot requested that paragraphs S7.1.1.10.2, applicable single compartment lamp.’’ indicator, this provision was not S7.1.1.10.3, S7.1.1.10.4 (b), (c), and (d) Calcoast stated that it is concerned that directly incorporated into the currently be deleted. this language could be interpreted as applicable version of FMVSS No. 108. AAM requested that paragraph S9.3.4, allowing a multiple lighted section lamp They argued that their view is which deals with turn signal pilot that is part of a multiple lamp supported by the explicit requirement in indicator size and color, be removed arrangement, such as a light-emitting the existing regulation for a turn signal from the standard because AAM diode (LED) lamp, that is mounted on indicator lamp. They claimed that since believed that the paragraph imposed the fixed portion of the vehicle to a turn signal pilot indicator was new substantive requirements that were comply only with the single lighted specifically indentified in the regulatory not contained in the currently section rules and not the multiple text of FMVSS No. 108, not all the applicable version of the standard. lighted section rules. Calcoast asserted requirements of the referenced SAE Although AAM noted that the initial that this statement implies that when a standard were included in FMVSS No. requirements published on December multiple lamp arrangement is used, 108. They maintained that the 16, 1967 9 did require a turn signal there is no need to confirm that the requirement for a hazard warning pilot indicator, and specified its size and multiple lamp arrangement meets all indicator was one of the excluded color based on requirements in SAE requirements for multiple compartment requirements. J588d (JUN 1966), Turn Signal Lamps, lamps. Calcoast suggested that the text Both the Associations and Ford AAM claimed that a subsequent state that the lighting system must requested changes to paragraph S6.6.3, revision to the standard on October 31, comply with all the relevant rules no which specifies the orientation of the 1970 10 removed the size and color matter what position the moveable parts license plate holder. Ford requested that requirements. AAM claimed that the have been placed in. the paragraph be deleted, claiming that currently applicable version of FMVSS Koito requested that paragraph the rear license plate holder is not a No. 108 only requires that the turn S6.1.3.2 replace the phrase ‘‘rigid part of the vehicle’’ with the term ‘‘fixed body 5 http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/21605.ztv.html. 8 53 FR 35097, (Sep. 1, 1988). panel.’’ Koito noted that the term ‘‘rigid 6 http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/20867.ztv.html. 9 32 FR 18032, (Dec. 16, 1967). part of the vehicle’’ was correctly used 7 http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/21971.ztv.html. 10 35 FR 16840, (Oct. 31, 1970).

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signal pilot indicator indicate a turn Signals for Use of Motor Vehicles 2032 without creating any substantive signal outage in accordance with SAE mm or More in Overall Width, and SAE changes. J588d (JUN 1966) and does not specify J1398 (MAY 1985) expressly allow this. In Table XIX, the Associations size and color requirements for the To support this position the requested that the lower beam zone indicator. Associations cited an August 22, 1990 defined by the corner point 10U, 90U, Harley-Davidson requested interpretation letter from the agency to 90L, 90R be modified to 10U, 90U, 45L, clarification and confirmation that the Hella 11 which stated: 45R. Valeo suggested modifying Table headlamp aimability requirements of Beginning December 1, 1990, Standard No. XIX(a)(b), and (c) by modifying the first paragraph S10.18 do not apply to 108 will specify two different standards for row range from 10U to 90U, 90L to 90R motorcycles. Harley-Davidson claimed turn signal lamps. If the lamp is intended for to only state 10U to 90U, eliminating the that paragraph S7.8 of the currently use on multipurpose passenger vehicles, horizontal angles. Both Valeo and the applicable version of the standard did trucks, buses, and trailers whose overall Associations claimed that the horizontal not require aimability for motorcycle width is 80 inches or more, it must be range was not defined in the currently designed to conform to the SAE Standard headlamps. Harley-Davidson referenced J1395 * * *, ‘‘Turn Signal Lamps for Use on applicable standard. a letter of interpretation to Piaggio & Motor Vehicles 2032 mm or More in Overall D. Amendments to Improve Clarity C.S.p.A dated December 6, 1999 and Width,’’ [(APR 1985)]. SAE J1395 also also a letter to Carter Engineering dated provides that these lamps may be used on Commenters requested the following September 29, 2000 to support its vehicles less than this width, except for changes to clarify certain provisions of argument. passenger cars. If a motor vehicle is not the standard and to further improve The Associations, Koito, and Calcoast equipped with a turn signal lamp designed readability. Nissan requested that requested that the agency amend to conform to SAE J1395, it must be equipped paragraph S6.1.3.4.2 be revised to read: paragraph S10.18.9.1.5.1, which with a turn signal lamp designed to conform ‘‘Accessibility. Each high mounted stop specifies the distance at which the to SAE standard J588 * * *, ‘‘Turn Signal lamp must provide access for cutoff parameter must be measured, to Lamps for Use on Motor Vehicles Less Than convenient replacement of the bulb 2032 mm in Overall Width,’’ [(NOV 1984)]. allow measurement from distances without a tool specifically designed for greater than 10 m. Paragraph Finally, the Associations stated that a that purpose.’’ Nissan stated that this S10.18.9.1.5.1 requires that the cut off denial of this petition will have a wording would incorporate a February parameter be measured at a distance of significant cost to the market segment. 12, 1998 interpretation letter to Ford 10 m with a 10 mm diameter Harley-Davidson requested that the Motor Company 13 to clarify the photosensor. The Associations minimum Effective Luminous Lens Area meaning of ‘‘special tool.’’ recommended deleting the last sentence requirement for multiple compartment Harley-Davidson requested that the of paragraph S10.18.9.1.5.1, or stating motorcycle stop lamps be added to agency clarify that dual motorcycle head that 10 m is the minimum distance Table IV–a. Harley-Davidson suggested lamps may be horizontally-mounted. allowable for measuring the cutoff this value should be 2,200 square mm. Harley-Davidson stated that paragraph parameter. Koito recommended Harley-Davidson maintained that the S6.1.3.5.1.3 of the rewrite seems to allowing a measuring distance of 18.3 m current version of FMVSS No. 108 prohibit horizontally-mounted dual or more for measuring the cutoff permits multiple compartment lamps or motorcycle headlamps. Harley-Davidson parameter. Calcoast requested that the multiple lamps on motorcycles if the claimed that paragraph S7.9.6.2(c) of the agency permit cutoff measurements at effective projected luminous lens area of current standard permits dual both 10 m and 25 m. All petitioners each compartment is 2,200 square mm. horizontal mounting. Harley-Davidson agreed that the diameter of the Harley-Davidson states that the agency further claimed that paragraph photosensor should appropriately confirmed this position in a April 21, S10.17.1.3.1 of the rewrite of FMVSS correspond to the measuring distance. 1997 letter of interpretation to Stanley No. 108 continues to permit dual Nissan requested that the inward Electric.12 horizontally-mounted motorcycle force test specified in paragraph Nissan asked that the legacy visibility headlamps. S14.6.12 be excluded for vehicle wording be changed for the turn, stop, Koito requested that the agency clarify headlamp aiming device (VHAD) and and tail lamps in Table V–d. Nissan paragraph S7.3.12.1, which deals with visually-optically aimable (VOA) lamps. claimed that Table V–d uses different the ratio requirements between stop and Nissan stated that the text of the language than the SAE sub-referenced tail lamp intensities. Koito requested currently applicable version of FMVSS standard for these lamps on both narrow that this paragraph be modified to say: No. 108 does not require VHAD and and wide vehicles. AAM requested that ‘‘When a taillamp on a multipurpose VOA lamps to conform to this test. footnote 1 and footnote 4 be removed passenger vehicle, truck, trailer, or bus Nissan also stated that the test requires from Table VIII, Stop Lamp Photometry of 2,032 mm or more in overall width, an aiming plane, typically found only Requirements. AAM maintained that is combined with a stop lamp, the on externally aimed systems. Finally, both of these footnotes contain luminous intensity of the stop lamps at Nissan claimed that the test itself is requirements not previously included in each identified test point must be intended to assure that an externally FMVSS No. 108. * * *’’ Koito claimed that this will aimable headlamp system can withstand Nissan requested that the agency clarify that the ratio requirement is the normal force applied to seat the reconsider its decision not to amend the always applied between stop and tail suction cup onto the lens when affixing footnotes to the photometric tables for lamp intensities on wide vehicles and the mechanical aiming device. required signal lamps in response to that wide vehicles do not have the 560 The Associations and Grote petitioned comments received by the agency on the mm and 410 mm classification used for the agency to add language to allow stop NPRM. Nissan stated that the footnotes narrow vehicles. and turn signal lamps designed for use to the photometric tables could be Nissan recommended adding a subject on vehicles 2032 mm or more in overall amended to provide greater clarity to to the sentence in paragraph S8.2.1.5 so width, that meet the one lighted section the requirements of the standard that the text reads: ‘‘Application photometric values, to be used on location. Conspicuity systems need not narrow vehicles. They claimed that SAE 11 http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/aiam/aiam4773.html. J1395 (APR 1985), Front and Rear Turn 12 http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/14307.ztv.html. 13 http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/16788.ztv.html.

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be * * *’’ Nissan stated that this is headlamp lens markings, be relocated material thickness of 7 mm can be consistent with the other paragraphs of within paragraph S6.5. Nissan stated certified if it was once tested in the four that section. that the DOT marking requirement in thicknesses stated above, and found Nissan requested that paragraph that paragraph is redundant with satisfactory. S10.1.2 be modified to eliminate the paragraph S6.5.1. Nissan stated the Nissan requested that some duplicate requirements for motorcycle remaining marking requirements of information contained in the text of the headlamp systems. Nissan paragraph S13.3 should be added to a standard be incorporated into a new recommended modifying that paragraph new paragraph enumerated as paragraph table. Nissan requested that the to read: ‘‘Each motorcycle must be S6.5.3.6. tabulated text in paragraph equipped with a headlighting system The Associations and SABIC S14.9.3.11.2.3.1, Operating Limits, be conforming to S10.17.’’ This requested a modification to paragraph titled ‘‘Table XXI’’ and relocated with modification would eliminate the S14.1.2, which deals with plastic optical the other tables instead of being located allowance of a one half headlighting materials. The Associations requested in its current position. system within paragraph S10.1.2, that the paragraph be modified to state: AAM further requested that Table I– because that allowance is set forth ‘‘Plastic optical materials. All plastic a be broken into two tables that separate within paragraph S10.17, thereby material used for optical parts such as the requirements of narrow vehicles removing redundant requirements. lenses and reflex reflectors on lamps, or from those for wide vehicles. Koito recommended clarifying the reflective devices required or allowed AAM stated that the requirements for requirements for four headlamp systems by this standard must conform to the DRLs should not be located in Table I– by modifying paragraph S10.15.1 to read material test requirements of S14.4.2, a because the title of the table Required as follows: ‘‘A replaceable bulb unless they are conspicuity treatments Lamps and Reflective Devices may headlighting system must consist of that are in accordance with S8.2.1 or confuse users trying to locate the either two lamps, each containing either S8.2.2.’’ SABIC requested that the requirements. AAM stated that Table I– one or two replaceable light sources, or paragraph be modified as follows: a should contain a pointing statement to four lamps, each containing a single ‘‘Plastic optical material. All plastic allow the user of the standard to locate replaceable light source as specified for materials used for transparent optical the requirements for DRLs elsewhere. the application system in Table II–d. A parts such as lenses and reflex reflectors Koito requested that the activation system must provide in total no more on lamps or reflective devices required specifications for a high mounted stop than two upper beams and two lower or allowed by this standard must lamp in Table I–a be changed to ‘‘Steady beams and must incorporate not more conform to the material test burning. Must only be activated upon than two replaceable light sources in requirements of S14.4.2.’’ Both application of the service brakes or may each headlamp.’’ Koito claimed that its petitioners pointed out the distinction be activated by a device designed to recommended text will limit the between reflex reflectors and reflectors. retard the motion of the vehicle.’’ Koito number of light sources in each The Associations further stated that claimed this change is necessary headlamp of a four headlamp system. conspicuity treatments were not part of because, in its view, ‘‘a high mounted Koito claimed, that as currently worded, the standard when this original stop lamp is optional on the activation the final rule will allow two replaceable language was placed in the standard. of a device designed to retard the light sources in each headlamp of a four Nissan requested a modification to motion of the vehicle.’’ headlamp system, which it further paragraph S14.2.4.3, which specifies AAM requested that the titles of claimed is not consistent with the intent bulb requirements for DRL photometry Tables I–a, I–b, and I–c be amended to of the original requirement. testing. Nissan requested that this include the vehicles to which the tables Toyota and Koito both requested a paragraph be revised to read: ‘‘Bulb apply. AAM stated that all of the tables modification to paragraph S10.15.5 requirements of paragraph S14.2.1.6 having the same title, Required Lamps which deals with additional light apply to DRL photometry, except for the and Reflective Devices, does not sources in a replaceable bulb need to operate at the rated mean improve the clarity of the standard. headlighting system. They requested the spherical candela.’’ Nissan claimed that The Associations, Grote, and Valeo term ‘‘replaceable light sources’’ be the text of the final rule, which states requested that the maximum allowable replaced with the term ‘‘light sources’’ that bulbs are to be operated at their photometric intensity in Table XII for in this paragraph. They claimed that rated mean spherical candela, creates a backup lamps on vehicles equipped this expression should be the same as is conflict with the requirement in with a single back up lamp be changed used in paragraph S10.14.5 for integral paragraph S14.2.4.1, which requires a from 300 to 300/600. They further beam headlighting systems. Toyota also fixed 12.8V input be applied to the requested the addition of a footnote that recommended including the phrase modules or electrical control units states; ‘‘the value before the slash (300 ‘‘and are replaceable’’ to the end of that during testing. Nissan stated that it may cd) applies to each lamp in a multiple paragraph. Toyota also noted that this not be possible to achieve a bulb’s mean lamp system; the value after the slash change was discussed in the preamble rated spherical candela at 12.8V. (600 cd) applies to a single lamp to the final rule, but was not properly Koito asked for a clarification of the system.’’ The petitioners stated that included in the final rule text. requirement in paragraph S14.4.2.1.3, FMVSS No. 108 requires backup lamps Nissan requested that paragraph which specifies testing for plastic on vehicles equipped with a single S10.18.9.5, which deals with visual/ optical materials. Koito noted that test backup lamp to be tested at twice the optical aiming headlamp photometry, be sample thicknesses are stated to be 1.6 candela requirements. Industry believes removed. Nissan claimed that this entire mm, 2.3 mm, 3.2 mm, and 6.4 mm. this applies to maximum as well as paragraph is redundant with paragraphs Koito also noted that the color minimum values. S10.13.3, S10.14.6, S10.15.6, S10.16.2, requirement in paragraph S14.4.2.2.4.5 Nissan suggested removing the term and Table II. Nissan stated that the specifies that after completion of the ‘‘test points’’ in footnote 1 of Table XIX, requirements should only be stated once outdoor exposure test, all materials to clarify that all points with the in the standard. must conform to the standard’s color specified boundary must meet the Nissan requested that paragraph test in the range of thickness stated by photometric requirements listed in the S13.3, which deals with replaceable the manufacturer. Koito asked if a table. Finally, Nissan requested that all

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the tables be presented in a complete except in Table II–b. The Associations B. Technical Amendments manner without splitting a table across suggested adding a definition that uses The agency has considered and multiple pages. the system composition column incorporated corrections in response to descriptions from Table II–b in order to IV. Agency Analysis and Response the requests to remedy typographical construct the following definition: errors, or formatting errors found in the A. Definitions ‘‘Combination Headlamp System: For a final rule. The agency has declined to two lamp system, a combination of two The agency has considered the make several technical corrections that different headlamps chosen from: Type requests from Nissan and AAM to will be discussed in greater detail in this modify the definition of clearance, F, an integral beam headlamp, or a section. replaceable bulb headlamp and for a identification, and side marker lamps. The agency agrees with Nissan that For each of these lamps, the agency has four lamp system, any combination of four different headlamps chosen from: the ASTM C 150–56 specification is verified that the definitions were missing from paragraph S5. This Type F, an integral beam headlamp, or successfully translated from the specification has been added. a replaceable bulb headlamp.’’ This applicable SAE document referenced in The agency has corrected the the currently applicable version of the description is consistent with the existing text of the standard found in grammatical error identified by Nissan standard. While the agency believes that in paragraph S6.4.4. Paragraph S6.4.4 the modifications requested by Nissan paragraphs S7.6.2, and S7.6.3 of the final rule. In order to maintain has been modified to read as published have the potential to further simplify in this final rule. the definitions of these lamps, consistency within the standard, the modifying the definitions may change agency will define a combination The agency is denying the request by the meaning of these terms. The agency headlamp as opposed to a combination AAM to move paragraph S6.5.1, which believes that it would be better to retain headlamp system. The definition is as contains the DOT marking requirements sporadic redundancies in the standard follows: ‘‘Combination headlamp means for headlamps. While we do note that than to risk a substantive modification a headlamp that is a combination of two other headlamp marking requirements by changing the definitions of these different headlamp types chosen from a are located in paragraphs S6.5.3, lamps. Further, such a modification type F sealed beam headlamp, an priority within organization will be would be outside the scope of the integral beam headlamp, or a maintained by keeping the three administrative rewrite of the standard. replaceable bulb headlamp.’’ The paragraphs, S6.5.1 DOT markings for Therefore, the agency is denying these currently applicable standard does not headlamps, S6.5.1.1 which deals with requests. include a stated definition for the term DOT conspicuity markings, and S6.5.1.2 The agency is denying the request by ‘‘combination headlamp,’’ however, the which describes the general allowance the Associations, Grote, and Valeo to agency agrees that such a definition— of placing the DOT marking on lamps add a definition for the term ‘‘headlamp limited to a combination headlamp other than headlamps, together. We system.’’ Since this definition did not rather than to such a system—does not believe it would be inappropriate to exist in the existing regulation text, nor impose any substantive change to the place the contents of paragraph S6.5.1.1 in the documents incorporated by standard, and provides a more and paragraph S6.5.1.2 within the reference, the agency considers this straightforward presentation of the paragraphs of S6.5.3, because these addition to be a substantive change not requirements. paragraphs are not headlamp specific. Therefore, we are maintaining the within the scope of the administrative The Association’s request to define rewrite of the standard. current paragraph structure. ‘‘combination headlamp’’ differs from The paragraph that was mistakenly Nissan requested that the agency the request in the petitions from Grote incorporate a November 3, 1988 numbered S6.5.3, Trademark, has been and Valeo to create a definition of interpretation letter to Al Cunningham corrected to S6.5.3.1, Trademark. ‘‘headlamp system.’’ The definition in order to clarify the definition of a Paragraph S6.5.3 no longer appears proposed by the Associations does not ‘‘multiple compartment lamp.’’ The twice. create new wording within the standard, final rule definition of a multiple The agency is granting the AAM it uses a description already contained compartment lamp is a direct carry-over request that the format of the text in the standard, and places that from text in paragraph S4 of the ‘‘SEALED BEAM,’’ located in paragraph description into the definition section. currently applicable version of FMVSS S6.5.3.3.1, be modified to lowercase The definition of a ‘‘combination No. 108. In the NPRM, the agency letters that match the same text located headlamp’’ is therefore added within invited input from interested parties in Table III. The text for paragraph paragraph S4 as requested by the regarding additional interpretations that S6.5.3.3.1 was derived from paragraph should be considered for inclusion in Associations. 2.1.1 in SAE 1383 APR 1985, the final rule, beyond those proposed by The agency is denying Grote and the Performance Requirements for the agency. Nissan’s petition was not Associations’ request to use the term Replacement Bulb Motor Vehicle submitted at that time. It is the agency’s ‘‘lighted sections’’ when referring to Headlamps. In the SAE document the intention to take caution not to create a lamp sections or compartments. It has text is all lower case, appearing as substantive change within this technical been the agency’s intent during the ‘‘sealed beam.’’ The agency agrees that correction and partial response to rewrite of FMVSS No. 108 not to change the letter case of the word ‘‘sealed petitions for reconsideration, therefore, the language of the current standard or beam’’ should be the same in Table III we are denying this request by Nissan. incorporated documents so as to avoid as in paragraph S6.5.3.3.1, therefore, The agency is granting the making unintended changes to the both instances have been changed to the Associations’ request to add a definition standard. Adopting the term ‘‘lighted lowercase presentation ‘‘sealed beam.’’ of a ‘‘combination headlamp.’’ They sections’’ in place of ‘‘lamp sections’’ or The agency does note that in this noted that other lamp types regulated ‘‘compartments’’ would alter the particular case, we do not feel the actual within this standard are defined in the standard in a manner that is presentation of lower case or upper case definition section, however, a inconsistent with the goals of the notation of the words ‘‘sealed beam’’ is combination headlamp is not defined rewrite. vital to the public’s use of the standard,

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or to the agency’s ability to enforce the maintain consistent language AAM noted that Table III contained existence of the marking. throughout the sentence. an incorrect reference paragraph for the In response to AAM’s request to We have modified Paragraph S14.3.1, marking requirements for replaceable change the plural term ‘‘compartments’’ as requested by Toyota, in order to bulb headlamps. The agency has to the singular term ‘‘compartment,’’ the correctly abbreviate the unit ‘‘inch.’’ changed the reference for replaceable agency has modified paragraph The abbreviation now includes a period bulb headlamp marking requirements to S7.1.1.11. The agency agrees that the after the letters in. point to paragraph S6.5.3.4. singular form of the term is more We have granted GE and the We decline to incorporate AAM’s appropriate. It now states ‘‘S7.1.1.11 Associations’ request to modify request to add marking requirements for Multiple compartment lamps and paragraph S14.6.9.1.1 in order to correct replacement lens headlamps to Table III multiple lamps.’’ a temperature conversion error. because paragraph S5.8.11 of the Based on AAM’s request, paragraph Paragraph S14.6.9.1.1 now lists 80° C as existing standard contains requirements S7.1.1.11.1 has been modified to read: the metric equivalent of 176° F. for instructions and a replacement seal, ‘‘A multiple compartment lamp or The agency has revised all tables to neither of which the agency considers multiple lamps may be used to meet the place requirements in the correct appropriate to list among the marking photometric requirements of a front turn column, remove extraneous billing requirements in Table III. signal lamp provided the requirements codes, correct the format of table The agency is granting Nissan’s of S6.1.3.2 are met.’’ The agency headings and subheadings, and correct request to provide the required visibility believes the additional reference to pointing statements as requested by measurements in both English and paragraph S6.1.3.2 makes the standard petitioners. metric units for Table V–a. We have also more usable. Nissan requested that the agency add corrected the alignment of lighting As Nissan requested, paragraph English units of measurement to the device functions to their corner points S7.1.1.12.4 has been corrected to state: Mounting Height column for lower and in Table V–b. ‘‘* * * the clearance lamp is located upper beam headlamps in Table I–a. The agency is granting Nissan’s below the horizontal and within an area AAM also requested that the agency add request to replace the word ‘‘zone’’ with generated by a 1.0 degree radius around English units of measurement to Tables the word ‘‘group’’ in footnote 2 of * * *’’ This modification corrects the I–a, I–b, and I–c. The agency notes that Tables VIII, XIV, and XV and footnote missing word ‘‘degree.’’ the mounting height requirements for 4 of Table XII. Nissan also requested As AAM requested, the agency has upper and lower beam head lamps are that the agency amend footnote 2 of changed the marking requirements for listed in both metric and English units Table XVI to replace the word ‘‘zone’’ lamps other than headlamps to point to in the currently applicable version of with the word ‘‘group.’’ As neither the specific subparagraph within FMVSS No. 108, therefore, adding the Tables XVI–a, XVI–b, or XVI–c have a paragraph 6.5. The agency has changed English units of measurement does not footnote 2, the agency is not in a the pointing statement in the following create a substantive change to the position to grant this request. paragraphs to provide the specificity standard. The agency grants Nissan’s AAM requested that the agency requested by AAM: S7.1.1.9, S7.1.2.9, request and has added the English units amend footnote 6 of Table IX to clarify S7.2.9, S7.3.9, S7.4.9, S7.5.9, S7.6.9, of measurement to the Mounting Height that the minimum photometric intensity S7.7.9, S7.8.9, S7.9.9, S7.11.9 and column of Table I–a for both upper and ratio for stop lamps combined with S8.1.9. The pointing statement for these lower beam headlamps. The agency is taillamps on wide vehicles for the H–5L paragraphs now points to paragraph also adding English units of test point was 3:1 not 5:1. The agency S6.5.1.2 instead of paragraph S6.5. The measurement to the Mounting Height agrees that the photometric ratio for the agency has not changed the pointing column of Table I–c for both upper and H–5L test point for wide vehicles is 3:1. statement in paragraph S7.10.9, which lower beams. The agency is denying The agency is granting AAM’s request deals with DRL markings, because more AAM’s request to list all measurements by amending footnote 6 of Table IX to than one subparagraph within S6.5 may in Tables I–a, I–b, and I–c in both read: ‘‘Values followed by a slash (/) apply to DRL markings. We believe English and metric units as the apply only to lamps installed on these modified references will allow the measurements are not listed in this multipurpose passenger vehicles, users of the standard to find the manner in the currently applicable trucks, trailers, and buses of 2032 mm paragraph of interest more efficiently. version of FMVSS No. 108. As stated in or more in overall width.’’ As AAM requested, the agency has both the NPRM and the preamble to the The agency has revised Table XV so removed the references to Tables I–a, I– final rule, the agency is attempting to that the test points are listed as b, and I–c from paragraph S7.7.4 which refrain from making any substantive horizontal first and vertical second as now reads ‘‘No requirement.’’ The change to the requirements of the requested by Nissan. agency agrees that this construction is standard during the rewrite process. The The Associations requested that more usable, compared to referencing agency believes that in the process of Figure 8 measurement ‘‘A’’ be replaced Tables I–a, I–b, and I–c which all state converting measurements from metric to with the term ‘‘Light Center Length.’’ ‘‘No requirement.’’ English or vice versa it is possible to This measurement and label ‘‘A’’ were The agency has granted the create a substantive change to the directly translated from the text of Associations’ request that the paragraph requirements of the standard. Figure 8 in the currently applicable numeration be corrected under We decline to adopt AAM’s proposal version of Standard No. 108. In the paragraph S7.9.14. The structure has to add the word ‘‘Optional’’ to the currently applicable version of Standard been corrected to S7.9.14.1 and Markings column of Table III for Lamps No. 108, the label ‘‘A’’ was used, S7.9.14.2. (Other Than Headlamps), Reflective furthermore, this distance is referenced The agency has granted Nissan’s Devices, and Associated Equipment in paragraphs S14.7.1.1.1, S14.7.1.1.2, request to change paragraph S14.2.1.5.2 because paragraph S6.5.1.2 referenced and S14.7.1.1.3 as distance ‘‘A’’. to read ‘‘Luminous intensity in that table adequately conveys the Therefore, the agency is denying this measurements of multiple compartment installation requirement without request in order to avoid a potentially lamps or multiple lamp arrangements redundant wording inside the table. substantive change by introducing a are made either by:’’ in order to This request is therefore denied. new term into Figure 8.

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The Associations also requested manufacturer and automatically the vehicle, the lamp or lamps that are changes to Figure 14 that include deactivated when the headlamp control installed to the non-fixed part of the changing the ‘‘Disc. Arm and Brace is in any on position.’’ vehicle will be considered auxiliary Clamp’’ material from SAE–AA–6961 to In order to avoid a substantive change lamps.’’ The agency believes this SAE–AA–6061. The agency agrees that to the requirements of FMVSS No. 108, modified paragraph adheres to the this was listed incorrectly and has the agency does not believe it is guidance provided in the King modified Figure 14 accordingly. They appropriate to incorporate any interpretation letter and provides less also requested that the ‘‘Coil Spring and additional letters of interpretation at opportunity for misinterpretation. The Level clip’’ material be changed to this time regarding the permissibility of revised paragraph S6.1.3.2 also includes ‘‘Spring Steel SAE 1858—Cadmium optically combining parking lamps or the request from Koito to replace the Plate.’’ The agency does not agree as fog lamps with DRLs. The agency, term ‘‘rigid’’ with the term ‘‘fixed’’ as ‘‘Spring Steel SAE 1050’’ is called out however, does understand that the final the agency agrees the term ‘‘fixed’’ more in the currently applicable version of rule text may provide less clarity than appropriately describes the situation this standard. Therefore, we are denying the existing standard. Therefore, in discussed in the interpretation letter to this request. Also, the agency has order to more strictly adhere to the Mr. King. corrected the value of the bubble language in the existing standard, we The agency agrees with Harley- movement to 5.08 and changed the are modifying paragraph S6.1.1.4 to Davidson’s claim that paragraph screw number to ‘‘TYP #10’’ in Figure retain the language allowing any pair of S6.2.3.1, which prohibits any styling, 14 because these changes are consistent lamps except parking lamps or fog ornament or other feature on the front with the currently applicable version of lamps to be wired as DRLs at the option of the headlamp lens when the lamp is the standard. The dimension of 100.33 of the manufacturer. activated, does not apply to was correctly translated from the This modification does create a motorcycles. This paragraph was currently applicable version of the limited amount of redundant text derived from the existing regulatory text standard so the agency is denying the contained in both paragraph S6.1.1.4 in paragraph S7.8.5, which contains Associations’ request to amend that and Table I–a, however, the agency both the prohibition on styling and value to 188.33. considers this small level of redundancy ornamentation on headlamp lenses and GE noted several corrections in the manageable and preferable, in this the requirement the headlamps have sealed beam drawings that were moved situation, in order to avoid unintended aiming devices. As Harley-Davidson into the part 564 docket. Corrections to confusion due to a change in the pointed out, two letters of these drawings will be made, and the language in the final rule. interpretation, a December 6, 1999 letter docket will be updated. The agency has considered Calcoast’s to Piaggio & C.S.p.A, and a September request to modify paragraph S6.1.3.2, to 29, 2000 letter to Carter Engineering, C. Claims of Substantive Amendment clarify the requirements of multiple confirm that FMVSS No. 108 does not Several of the petitioners claimed that lamp arrangements and multiple require motorcycle headlamps to have the agency made substantive changes to compartment rear turns signal, stop aiming mechanisms. Within the letter to the requirements of the standard during lamp, and taillamp combinations. Carter Engineering, NHTSA stated: ‘‘The the rewrite process or requested that the Calcoast stated that this paragraph could aiming mechanism requirements of agency clarify portions of the text to be interpreted such as to allow a Standard No. 108 are imposed by S7.8, ensure that the rewrite did not impose multiple lighted section lamp that is and as indicated previously, we do not any new requirements. The agency has part of a multiple lamp arrangement and intend S7.8.2 to apply to motorcycle made all efforts not to impose any new mounted on the fixed portion of the headlamps. We intend that the burdens on regulated parties or change vehicle to meet only the single paragraphs of S7.9 Motorcycles and the requirements of the standard in any compartment lamp requirements. their referenced materials cover way through the rewrite process. It is Calcoast indicated this situation might motorcycle headlamps.’’ This ornament the agency’s position that the occur particularly in a lamp utilizing prohibition was first added to the requirements of FMVSS No. 108 have LED’s as the sources. The section of this standard in 1989 14 and at that time was not changed as a result of the rewrite. paragraph under consideration is the within the same paragraph as aimability In consideration of Valeo’s request to phrase ‘‘that portion must meet at least requirements. Therefore, we have change the wording of paragraph the photometric requirements for the modified paragraph S6.2.3.1 as follows: S6.1.1.4 in order to make it clear that a applicable single compartment lamp.’’ ‘‘When activated in the steady burning DRL may be optically combined with a In developing the NPRM, and state, headlamps (excluding headlamps parking lamp in the final rule, the ultimately the final rule, the agency mounted on motorcycles) must not have agency attempted to translate the text of relied on a July 12, 2000 interpretation any styling ornament or other feature, the currently applicable version of letter to Gary King. The interpretation such as a translucent cover or grill, in FMVSS No. 108 without creating letter, however, does not specify that a front of the lens.’’ substantive changes. Paragraph S6.1.1.4 multiple compartment lamp need only AAM requested a change to paragraph is derived from paragraph S5.5.11(a) of meet the single compartment S6.5.3.3.1 so that the marking the existing standard. requirements in the multiple lamp requirements for sealed beam The final rule split paragraph arrangement described in that headlamps need not be molded into the S5.5.11(a) into various parts without interpretation. Accordingly, the agency lens. We believe that AAM is incorrect changing the activation requirements of believes that paragraph S6.1.3.2 of the in its assertion that the current standard DRLs. Some of the text was included in final rule could be misinterpreted. does not require that marking be molded paragraph S6.1.1.4 of the final rule. Therefore, in response to Calcoast’s into the lens of sealed beam headlamps. Table I–a contains the remaining request, the paragraph has thus been The marking requirements from translation of the text of the currently modified to state: ‘‘S6.1.3.2 When paragraph S6.5.3.3.1 were derived from applicable version of FMVSS No. 108 multiple lamp arrangements for rear current FMVSS No. 108 paragraph which states that the activation should turn signal lamps, stop lamps, or S7.3.1 which references SAE J1383 be ‘‘Steady burning. Automatically taillamps are used, with only a portion activated as determined by the vehicle of the lamps installed on a fixed part of 14 54 FR 20079, (May 9, 1989).

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(APR 1985), Performance Requirements Pilot Indicator Lamps—In vehicles 108. Ford quoted that discussion as for Motor Vehicle Headlamps. SAE equipped with right- and left-hand turn stating: signal pilot indicators, both pilots and/or a J1383 (APR 1985) states, in paragraph An additional difference between the new S5.4.4, ‘‘Headlamp lenses shall be separate pilot shall flash simultaneously while the vehicle hazard operating unit is SAE turn signal specification and the ones marked with a three letter code. The turned on. In vehicles equipped with a single currently contained in FMVSS No. 108 marking shall be molded in the lens turn signal pilot indicator, a separate concerns intensity. If a turn signal lamp is * * *’’ Thus, the requirement that the vehicular hazard pilot indicator shall flash closer than 4 inches (100 mm) to a lower marking of a sealed beam headlamp be and the turn signal pilot may flash while the beam headlamp, it must have 2.5 times the molded into the lens is clearly part of vehicular hazard operating unit is turned on. intensity otherwise required. The SAE applies the factor of 2.5 only if the turn signal the existing standard. Accordingly, the If a separate vehicular hazard pilot indicator is used, it shall emit a red color and have a is closer than 60 mm to the lower beam agency is maintaining the requirements headlamp. NHTSA proposed retention of the minimum area equivalent to a 0.5 in. contained in paragraph S6.5.3.3.1 and is current requirement. The SAE specification diameter circle. denying AAM’s request. applies the photometric multiplier in three Ford and AAM requested that the Therefore, Tables I and III, in steps, from 60 mm to 100 mm.17 hazard warning pilot indicator conjunction with paragraph S5.1.1 of The final statement in that discussion requirements be deleted from paragraph the current standard, require that concluded, ‘‘[g]iven the advent and S6.6.2. They stated that the requirement vehicles equipped with hazard warning usage of higher intensity headlamps, for a hazard warning signal pilot signal switches be equipped with a there appears to be an even greater need indicator has never been contained in hazard warning signal pilot indicator. than before to preserve the intensity any previous version of FMVSS No. 108. We do not agree with the assertion by ratio. NHTSA has done so by retaining They contended that the presence of AAM and Ford that the SAE the existing requirement.’’ paragraph S3.4.7 in the original version requirements incorporated by reference We do not agree with Ford’s position. 15 of FMVSS No. 108 published in 1967, for hazard warning lamps do not apply Ford’s argument that NHTSA’s (paragraph S5.5.6 in the current version because they were not restated directly incorporation of SAE standards is not of the standard) which contained the in the standard, as was the case with always absolute is in reference to cases requirements for a turn signal pilot turn signal pilot indicators. Therefore, in which FMVSS No. 108 explicitly indicator, indicates other pilot we are denying this request and states requirements that are different indicators were not required under the retaining the language of paragraph than the SAE documents. In cases where original version of the standard. They S6.6.2 in its entirety. NHTSA does not specifically exclude asserted that since FMVSS No. 108 The Associations, Ford, and Harley- parts of SAE standards, the entire specifically references a turn signal pilot Davidson requested changes to standard is incorporated by reference. In indicator in the text of the standard, paragraph S6.6.3, which specifies the the rulemaking cited by Ford, neither requirements for other indicators in SAE orientation of the license plate holder. within the preamble of that final rule, standards were not intended to be The agency will address the issue of the nor in the NPRM was there any incorporated by reference into FMVSS applicability of license plate holder discussion of exempting, or applying No. 108. requirements in a separate notice. any intensity multipliers other than NHTSA does not agree with AAM’s Ford requested the deletion of those appearing in the SAE document and Ford’s argument, a hazard warning paragraphs S7.1.1.10.2, S7.1.1.10.3, for auxiliary lamps. The key argument signal pilot indicator is required by the S7.1.1.10.4(b), S7.1.1.10.4(c), and for the agency not to adopt the current version of FMVSS No. 108 and S7.1.1.10.4(d) which all deal with the multipliers in the 1984 SAE standards SAE standards incorporated by measurement of, and requirements for, deals with higher intensity headlamps reference. Paragraph S5.1.1 of the front turn signal lamp intensity based and the spatial relationship of turn current standard requires that vehicles on the spatial relationship to any signals to those lamps and, thus, is shall be equipped with the lamps, auxiliary lower beam or fog lamp. Ford inapplicable to intensity multipliers for reflective devices, and associated stated that these requirements, which turn signals located near auxiliary equipment specified in Table I and were derived from the existing standard lamps. As stated in the preamble of the Table III, and that those devices shall be by way of reference to SAE J588 (NOV final rule, SAE J588 (NOV 1984) and designed to conform to the SAE 1984) and SAE J1395 (APR 1985), were SAE J1395 (APR 1985) contain standards or recommended practices not previously incorporated fully into additional photometric multiplier referenced in those tables. Table I lists the standard by reference. Ford stated requirements beyond those required in a vehicle hazard warning signal unit that the denial of an SAE petition for paragraph S5.3.1.7 for turn signals and a vehicle hazard warning signal rulemaking,16 which stated, ‘‘NHTSA located near auxiliary lamps.18 It is the flasher as required equipment for all reference to SAE standards is not always agency’s position that the requirements vehicles wider than 80 inches, except absolute, in that parts of standards are in paragraph S5.3.1.7 work in trailers, and references SAE J910 (JAN referenced or exceptions are made to conjunction with the requirements in 1966), Hazard Warning Signal Switch, specific requirements in SAE standards SAE J588 (NOV 1984) and SAE J1395 and SAE J945 (FEB 1966), Vehicular where different or more stringent (APR 1985) and do not preempt them. Hazard Warning Signal Flasher. Table performance is necessary for safety Therefore, the agency has not removed III lists a vehicle hazard warning signal purposes,’’ demonstrates that it is well the paragraphs and denies Ford’s operating unit and a vehicle hazard and widely understood that not all requests. warning signal flasher as required requirements referenced in SAE The Associations claimed the text of equipment for all vehicles narrower standards are intended by the agency to the currently applicable version of than 80 inches, except trailers and be incorporated into the standard. Ford FMVSS No. 108 did not distinguish motorcycles, and references SAE J910 also cited the final rule preamble that between non-reflector light sources and (JAN 1966) and SAE J945 (FEB 1966). incorporated SAE J588 (NOV 1984) and reflector light sources for the purposes SAE J910 (JAN 1966) states: SAE J1395 (NOV 1984) into FMVSS No. 17 55 FR 20158, (May 15, 1990). 15 32 FR 18037, (Dec. 16, 1967). 16 61 FR 14044, (Mar. 29, 1996). 18 72 FR 68243, (Dec. 4, 2007).

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of measuring the distance between a NHTSA finds that paragraph S5.5.6 of Engineering, confirm that this standard turn signal to a headlamp, or auxiliary the current standard requires that the does not require motorcycle headlamps lamp. They claimed that paragraph turn signal pilot indicator comply with to have aiming mechanisms. Within the S5.3.1.7 in the existing FMVSS No. 108, all requirements for turn signal pilot letter to Mr. Carter, NHTSA stated, ‘‘The which states, ‘‘on a motor vehicle on indicators specified in SAE J588 (SEP aiming mechanism requirements of which the front turn signal lamp is less 1970). Paragraph S9.3.4 of the final rule, Standard No. 108 are imposed by S7.8, than 100 mm from the lighted edge of which states, ‘‘[i]f an indicator is located and as I indicated previously, we do not a lower beam headlamp, as measured inside the vehicle it must emit a green intend S7.8.2 to apply to motorcycle from the optical center of the turn signal colored light and have a minimum area headlamps. We intend the paragraphs of lamps, the multiplier applied to obtain equivalent to a 3⁄16 in diameter circle,’’ S7.9 Motorcycles and their referenced the required minimum luminous was derived from the currently materials to cover motorcycle intensities shall be 2.5’’ supersedes applicable version of the FMVSS No. headlamps.’’ Accordingly, paragraph section 5.1.5.4 of SAE J588 (NOV 1984). 108 paragraph S5.5.6, which states that, S10.18 has been modified to state: Therefore, the Associations requested ‘‘[e]ach vehicle equipped with a turn ‘‘Headlamp aimability performance that paragraphs S7.1.1.10.1 through signal operating unit shall also have an requirements (except for motorcycles).’’ S7.1.1.10.3 of the final rule be replaced illuminated pilot indicator. Failure of Paragraph S10.2 is modified to state with paragraph S5.3.1.7 of the currently- one or more turn signal lamps to operate ‘‘Reserved.’’ The agency does note that applicable version of FMVSS No. 108. shall be indicated in accordance with in paragraph S14.2.5.5, Headlamp The agency agrees that the distance SAE J588 (SEP 1970) * * *’’ photometry measurements, the between a turn signal lamp and a lower Furthermore, paragraph 4.5.2 of SAE procedure does require that the beam headlamp should be measured J588 (SEP 1970) states that, ‘‘if the headlamp be aimed during testing. from the optical center as specified in illuminated indicator is located inside Therefore, although the performance the text of the currently applicable the vehicle, for example in the requirements of paragraph S10.18 do version of FMVSS No. 108. However, instrument cluster, it should emit a not apply to motorcycles, they must the measurements between a turn signal green colored light and have a minimum have the ability to meet the applicable lamp and an auxiliary lamp are area equivalent to a 3⁄16 in. diameter photometric requirements using the incorporated from SAE J588 (NOV circle.’’ testing procedure described in 1984), which included different It is the view of the agency that the paragraph S14.2.5. measurement methods for turn signal phrase ‘‘[f]ailure of one or more turn The Associations, Koito and Calcoast lamps that incorporate reflector optics signal lamps to operate shall be requested that the agency amend and turn signal lamps that primarily use indicated in accordance with SAE J588 paragraph S10.18.9.1.5.1, which lens optics. Considering this, paragraph (SEP 1970),’’ requires that the turn required that the cutoff parameter for S7.1.1.10.4(a) has been changed to state signal pilot indicator comply in all headlamps be measured from a distance ‘‘where the spacing measurement as respects with SAE J588 (SEP 1970). SAE of 10 m from a photosensor with a 10 measured from the optical center of the J588 (SEP 1970) contains requirements mm diameter because these turn signal lamp, to the lighted edge of for pilot indicators to indicate that the requirements were not contained in the a lower beam headlamp is less than 100 turn signal system is off, size and color current version of the standard. The mm, the photometric multiplier must be requirements for the indicator, and agency provided the measurement 2.5.’’ As stated previously, SAE J588 visibility requirements for the indicator distance of 10 m from the photosensor (NOV 1984) contains requirements that based on driver eye position. An having a diameter of 10 mm for are additional to those contained in indicator of a size and color other than measuring the cutoff parameter as paragraph S5.3.1.7 of the current the indicator required in SAE J588 (SEP guidance in a letter of interpretation to standard. Therefore, we refrain from 1970) would not indicate failure of a Tilman Spingler on April 6, 2000.19 In changing the method for measuring the turn signal lamp to operate in the agency guidance letter to Mr. distance between the turn signal and accordance with SAE J588 (1970) Spingler, the agency stated that it auxiliary lamps for determining the because the indicator would not meet intended to incorporate the guidance required photometric multiplier. the requirements laid out in that provided in the letter into FMVSS No. AAM claimed that the text of the standard for size and color. It is the 108 during the next rulemaking currently applicable version of FMVSS agency’s position that this sentence involving the standard. The NPRM to No. 108 does not specify the size and requires the pilot indicator to indicate this final rule stated that the agency color of turn signal pilot indicators and that the turn signal is out via an intended to incorporate the April 6, requested that paragraph S9.3.4 be indicator of the size and color and at the 2000 letter to Mr. Spingler into the removed. AAM asserted the two eye location specified in the standard. revised version of FMVSS No. 108.20 We sentences contained within paragraph Therefore, no substantive change was believe it is important to identify how S5.5.6 of the currently applicable imposed by the final rule compared the agency will conduct compliance version of FMVSS No. 108 should be with the existing standard. Accordingly, testing and we did this in the NPRM considered separately. AAM stated that the agency is denying this request from and again discussed the issue in the the first sentence requires a vehicle AAM. final rule. Therefore, paragraph equipped with a turn signal operating Harley-Davidson requested S10.18.9.1.5 has not been modified and unit to also have an illuminated pilot clarification and confirmation that the the petitions from the Associations, indicator. Through the second sentence, headlamp aimability requirements of Koito, and Calcoast are denied. the paragraph separately requires that S10.18 do not apply to motorcycles. As However, we do note that regulated the failure of one or more turn signal discussed in Harley-Davidson’s request parties are able to test at different lamps to operate should be indicated to clarify the applicability of the distances if they choose, although according to the SAE Standard. headlamp ornamentation prohibition to NHTSA compliance tests will be done at Therefore, AAM claimed that the SAE motorcycles, two letters of 10 m. We note the petitioners may standard recommendations for turn interpretation, a December, 6, 1999 signal pilot indicator size and color are letter to Piaggio & C.S.p.A, and a 19 http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/21406.ztv.html. not requirements in FMVSS No. 108. September 9, 2000 letter to Carter 20 70 FR 77457, (Dec. 30, 2005).

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submit data to support a change in the The Associations and Grote requested position that the letter to Panor, not the specified distance in a separate petition. that language be added to the standard letter to Hella, states the correct Nissan requested that the inward to allow the use of turn signal and stop interpretation regarding the use of turn force test specified in paragraph lamps designed for use on vehicles 2032 signal and stop lamps designed for wide S14.6.12 be excluded for VHAD and mm or more in overall width, which vehicles on narrow vehicles. VOA lamps. Nissan stated that the text meet the one lighted section Considering these factors, the petitions of the currently applicable version of photometric values, on narrow vehicles from the Associations and Grote are FMVSS No. 108 did not require VHAD other than passenger cars. The denied. and VOA lamps to conform to this test. Associations noted that SAE J1395 (APR Harley-Davidson requested that the Further supporting Nissan’s claim, the 1985), the standard applicable to turn agency amend Table IV-a which preamble to a final rule 21 published signal lamps on wide vehicles, states contains the requirements for projected May 9, 1989 stated: that a lamp built to this standard may luminous lens area to allow a projected also be used on a narrow vehicle. The luminous lens area of 2200 square mm The deletion of inward force and torque Associations pointed to an August 22, for multiple compartment stop lamps deflection is appropriate for headlighting 1990 agency interpretation letter to used on motorcycles. Harley-Davidson systems which do not use externally applied 22 aimers, since these tests are intended to show Hella, that stated ‘‘SAE J1395 also stated that an effective projected resistance to the effects of the weight and provides that these lamps [turn signal luminous lens area of 2200 square mm application of external aimers * * * NHTSA lamps designed for use on vehicles 2032 for multiple compartment stops lamps is believes that vehicle manufacturers will be mm or more in overall width] may be permitted under the currently cautious enough to design vehicles to used on vehicles less than this width, applicable version of FMVSS No. 108. withstand the likelihood of misaim in [the] except passenger cars,’’ to support its The agency agrees that FMVSS No. 108 event [the vehicle is pushed by hand], and, position. permits an effective projected luminous considering the deletion appropriate only for We disagree with the interpretation of lens area of 2200 square mm for headlamps which do not have aiming pads FMVSS No. 108 put forward by the multiple compartment stops lamps used for external mechanical aimers, has adopted Associations and Grote. We stated in the on motorcycles. Accordingly, the agency the proposed modification of applicability of inward force and torque deflection tests. preamble of the final rule that there are has amended Table IV-a to include a no provisions in the existing standard projected luminous lens area of 2200 Koito also pointed to the preamble of that allow the installation of wide square mm for multiple compartment the May 9, 1989, final rule in arguing vehicle stop and turn signal lamps on stop lamps used on motorcycles. that the inward force only applies to narrow vehicles in lieu of the clearly We are denying Nissan’s request to headlamps that are capable of being stated requirements for narrow vehicles modify the legacy visibility wording for externally aimed. in Table III of the existing standard. We turn, stop, and taillamps within Table consider the requirements for stop V-d because the language suggested by The agency agrees that the inward lamps and turn signal lamps used on Nissan does not fully correspond with force test was only required for narrow vehicles in the currently the requirements in the SAE standard headlamps with external aimers in the applicable version of FMVSS No. 108 to referenced by the existing standard. For text of the currently applicable version be clearly stated. There is no agency example, the wording suggested by of FMVSS No. 108, therefore we have guidance stating that manufacturers of Nissan might allow for a situation in made the following modifications to the narrow vehicles may choose an which visibility, as defined by area, may standard: ‘‘S10.13.4.1 Each sealed beam alternative other than Table III for be compromised within a position less headlamp must be designed to conform requirements for stop and turn signal than the required 45 degrees while the to the performance requirements of the lamps for use on narrow vehicles. area requirement is met at 45 degrees corrosion test, vibration test, inward Neither Table III, SAE J588 (NOV 84), or This situation is currently not force test (for lamps which are SAE J586 (FEB 84), Stop Lamps for Use permitted. externally aimed only), torque on Motor Vehicles Less than 2032 mm AAM stated that footnotes 1 and 4 of deflection test (for lamps which are in Overall Width, state that lighting from Table VIII, regarding the photometric externally aimed only), headlamp wide vehicles can also be used on intensity values between test points and connector test, headlamp wattage test, narrow vehicles. For narrow vehicles, a the maximum intensity of taillamps and aiming adjustment tests of S14.6.’’ lamp must meet the requirements for respectively, were not previously ‘‘S10.14.7.1 Each integral beam narrow vehicles as specified in Table III incorporated into the current standard. headlamp must be designed to conform of the currently applicable version of AAM maintained that footnote 1 is not to the performance requirements of the the standard. Further, the agency stated referenced in current version of FMVSS corrosion test, temperature cycle test, in a May 22, 2003 letter of interpretation No. 108 or in SAE J585 (AUG 1977), Tail vibration test, inward force test (for to Panor Corporation 23 that turn signal Lamps (Rear Position Lamps), and that lamps which are externally aimed only), and stop lamps designed for use on both footnote 4 was preempted by figures headlamp connector test, and aiming narrow and wide vehicles must meet the contained in the current version of adjustment tests of S14.6.’’ ‘‘S10.15.7.1 requirements of SAE standards FMVSS No. 108. Each replaceable bulb headlamp must applicable to both narrow and wide We are denying AAM’s request to be designed to conform to the vehicles. The letter to Panor stated that remove footnote 1 and footnote 4 from performance requirements of the stop lamps to be used on both narrow Table VIII. As stated in the preamble of corrosion test, corrosion-connector test, and wide vehicles must meet both SAE the final rule, Footnote 1 was added to dust test, temperature cycle test, J1398 (MAY 1985) and SAE J586 (MAY Table VIII of the rewrite unchanged humidity test, vibration test, inward 1984) and turn signal lamps to be used from the text of SAE J575 (AUG 1970), force test (for lamps which are on both narrow and wide vehicles must Test for Motor Vehicle Lighting Devices externally aimed only), headlamp meet both SAE J1395 (APR 1985) and and Components, which was previously connector test, and aiming adjustment SAE J588 (NOV 1984). It is the agency’s incorporated by reference in FMVSS No. tests of S14.6.’’ 108.24 The agency, however, is revising 22 http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/aiam/aiam4773.html. 21 54 FR 20067, (May 9, 1989). 23 http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/00473.ztv.html. 24 72 FR 68261, (Dec. 4, 2007).

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footnote 4 such that it matches the text the agency is retaining the horizontal of S7.3.12 are clear as written in the in paragraph S5.1.1.6 of the existing range specified in the final rule. final rule. Because no class restrictions standard so as not to make substantive are placed within paragraph S7.3.12.1, D. Amendments To Improve Clarity changes to the standard during the the requirements apply to all vehicles rewrite process. The agency has considered the regardless of width. While we do not The agency is denying Nissan’s requests to amend the standard to believe that we need to modify this request to amend the footnotes to provide greater clarity or reorganize paragraph, we do note that Koito’s photometric tables containing the portions of the standard to improve stated understanding of the issue is requirements for signal lamps. In readability. The agency has made every correct. incorporating third-party documents effort during the rewrite of FMVSS No. As Nissan requested, paragraph into the text of the rewrite of the 108 to improve usability of the standard. S8.2.1.5 has been modified to add a standard, the agency sought not to make The agency has granted requests to subject to the sentence. It now reads: any changes to the requirements further improve the standard by moving ‘‘Application Location. Conspicuity contained in the third-party documents. certain language or removing redundant systems need not be * * *’’ We believe that this goal is best requirements where we felt that the Nissan requested that paragraph accomplished by directly incorporating requested changes could be made S10.1.2 be modified to eliminate the the text from the third-party documents without substantively altering the duplicate requirements for motorcycle with minimal changes. While further requirements of the standard. headlamp systems. Paragraph S10.1.2 changes to the standard may improve We are denying Nissan’s request to states: ‘‘Each motorcycle must be clarity, the agency believes that these modify paragraph S6.1.3.4.2 to include equipped with a headlighting system changes are outside the scope of the language from a February 12, 1998 conforming to S10.17 of this standard or rewrite. interpretation letter to Ford Motor one half of any headlighting system of In the preamble of the final rule the Company to clarify the meaning of the Table II which provides both a full agency explained its views on the phrase ‘‘special tools.’’ In response to upper beam and a full lower beam.’’ subject of grouped compliance.25 The petitions for reconsideration, we are not Paragraph S10.17 states: ‘‘* * * a footnotes to the photometric tables adding new interpretation letters motorcycle headlighting system may allow the failure of a test point in the beyond those addressed in the NPRM consist of: (a) one half of any group to be offset if other points in the and final rule. headlighting system of Table II which Harley-Davidson requested that the group exceed their minimum by the provides both a full upper beam and full agency clarify that it is permissible to required margin. The agency does not lower beam, and is designed to conform mount dual motorcycle headlamps believe that the footnotes contradict the to the * * *’’ The agency agrees that horizontally. We agree that paragraph this language is needlessly redundant, requirements in the photometric tables S6.1.3.5.1.3 introduces ambiguity to the and declines to amend the footnotes for and has modified paragraph S10.1.2 by requirements for when motorcycle removing the reference to headlighting the reasons stated in the preamble of the headlamps must be mounted vertically. final rule. systems comprising half of Table II Paragraph S6.1.3.5.1.3 of the rewrite is headlighting systems. Paragraph S10.1.2 Valeo and the Associations requested derived from paragraph S7.9.1(b) of the that the agency reconsider its decision now states: ‘‘Each motorcycle must be currently applicable version of FMVSS equipped with a headlighting system to specify a 90L to 90R horizontal range No. 108. Paragraph S7.9.1(b) states that defined in the area of 10U to 90U in the conforming to S10.17 of this standard.’’ a motorcycle headlamp system Koito recommended modifying first row of Table XIX. The agency is consisting of half of certain automobile paragraph S10.15.1, dealing with denying the petitioner’s request. In the headlamp systems must be mounted replaceable bulb headlamp systems, NPRM the agency stated that it planned vertically. The requirement that a which states: ‘‘Installation * * * A to incorporate a July 2, 1999 letter of motorcycle headlamp system consisting system must provide in total not more interpretation to Tilman Spingler 26 of half an automobile headlamp system than two upper beams and two lower which specified a horizontal range of be mounted vertically is also contained beams and must incorporate not more 90L to 90R in the 10U to 90U area.27 In in paragraph S10.17(a) of the rewrite of than two replaceable light sources in this letter the agency stated that: FMVSS No. 108. Because the each headlamp.’’ Koito claimed this text Each of the Figures you reference specify requirements of S6.1.3.5.1.3 are more will allow for a four lamp system to a maximum of 125 candela for test points clearly stated elsewhere in the rewrite, contain two replaceable bulbs within 10U–90U. The Figures do not state where in the agency considers paragraph each of the four lamps which is not the space from left to right to locate the vertical S6.1.3.5.1.3 to be duplicative. Therefore, intention of the original requirement. line, and thus, they do not specify that a line is to be measured. It follows that the only we are removing paragraph S6.1.3.5.1.3 The agency believes this paragraph description of a set of test points is that of from the rewrite of FMVSS No. 108. clearly and accurately expresses the text the entire area from 90L to 90R and 10U to Koito requested that paragraph of the currently applicable version of 90U, i.e., an area from the extreme left of the S7.3.12.1, which specifies the FMVSS No. 108. The text of the test point grid to the extreme right of the test requirements for the ratio of intensities paragraph is substantially similar to that point grid, with an elevation of from 10U to between a stop lamp and a taillamp, be of paragraph S7.5(a) of the existing 90U. modified to clarify that SAE J1398 standard. NHTSA does not believe that The agency believes that a horizontal (MAY 1998), applicable to wide a change to this paragraph is necessary zone of 90L to 90R for the 10U to 90U vehicles, does not have a 560 mm or 410 and is denying this request by Koito. area flows logically from the mm classification and always applies Koito and Toyota both requested a requirements of Figures 15–1, 15–2, 17– the ratio requirement when determining modification to paragraph S10.15.5 1, 17–2, 28–1, and 28–2 in the current the appropriate photometric multiplier. which states: ‘‘Additional light sources. version of FMVSS No. 108. Therefore, We agree that there was no 560 mm or A replaceable bulb headlamp may 410 mm classification for wide vehicles incorporate replaceable light sources 25 72 FR 68282, (Dec. 4, 2007). in the text of the currently applicable that are used for purposes other than 26 http://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/19548.ztv.html. version of FMVSS No. 108. However, headlighting.’’ Both Koito and Toyota 27 70 FR 77457, (Dec. 30, 2005). the agency believes that the paragraphs requested that the second use of the

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word ‘‘replaceable’’ be deleted from this apply to opaque materials used in light is positioned within ± .010 in. of the requirement because they believed that components. The Associations also nominal design position specified in the language implied that light sourced requested that the word ‘‘reflex’’ be SAE J573d, Lamp bulbs and Sealed used for purposes other than added before the word reflector. We Units, December 1968, (incorporated by headlighting incorporated into a note that paragraph S14.1.2 was reference, see 571.108 S5.2 of this title) replaceable bulb headlamp must always transposed from paragraph S5.1.2 of the or specified by the bulb manufacturer.’’ be replaceable. The agency believes that currently-applicable version of FMVSS Koito requested a clarification of the the language used in the final rule is No. 108 which states: ‘‘Plastic materials requirement in S14.4.2.1.3 that specifies consistent with the current standard and used for optical parts such as lenses and testing for plastic optical materials. clearly describes the requirements of reflectors shall conform to SAE Koito questioned if a material thickness replaceable bulb headlamps that Recommended Practice J576 JUL 1991, of 7 mm can be certified if it was once incorporate other light sources. except that:’’ The agency notes that tested in the four thicknesses required Therefore, the agency is denying this neither the word ‘‘transparent,’’ nor the by this standard. The agency does not request. Nissan requested that paragraph word ‘‘reflex’’ was in the text of the believe it is appropriate to address this S10.18.9.5, which contains photometry currently applicable version of FMVSS interpretive question within this notice. requirements for visually/optically No. 108. We believe the word However, we do note that the Koito aimed headlamps, be deleted. Nissan ‘‘transparent’’ could be interpreted such request will be addressed in the follow- claimed that this paragraph is that the addition of this word would up notice. redundant with paragraphs S10.13.3, create a substantive modification to the Nissan requested that the table under S10.14.6, S10.15.6, S10.16.2, and Table requirement and that adding the term paragraph S14.9.3.11.2.3.1 be given a II which contain the photometry ‘‘reflex’’ would also stray from our title and relocated to the table section of requirements for all permissible intention to transpose existing language the standard and referenced as Table headlamps. Nissan suggested that these without making changes. Therefore, we XXI. We are denying this request. The requirements should be stated only once are denying this request. table is part of paragraph in FMVSS No. 108. The agency agrees Nissan requested a modification to S14.9.3.11.2.3.1, Operating limits. The that the paragraphs are redundant and paragraph S14.2.4.3, dealing with DRL agency feels that the requirements we believe that a user of this standard bulb photometric testing requirements. specified in the table are most could locate the necessary information Nissan maintained that the appropriately located with the other without this paragraph with the requirements of this paragraph create requirements applicable to assistance of Table II. However, the conflict with paragraph S14.2.4.1. semiautomatic headlamp beam redundancy of paragraph S10.18.9.5 Paragraph S14.2.4.3 contains a pointing switching device tests. may significantly increase the usability statement to paragraph S14.2.1.6 which AAM requested that Table I–a be of the standard for a particular user states that bulbs are to be operated at separated to create two new tables based interested primarily in finding the their rated mean spherical candela on overall vehicle width. AAM stated requirements of a visually/optically during testing of DRL photometry that splitting Table I–a to create separate aimable headlamp. Accordingly, we requirements. Paragraph S14.2.4.1 tables for narrow and wide vehicles have not modified paragraph S10.18.9.5 requires that the bulbs be operated at a would simplify the standard and make and we are denying Nissan’s request. fixed 12.8 V input during DRL it easier to use. The agency is denying Nissan requested that the agency photometry testing. This creates a AAM’s request. We believe that it is reorganize paragraph S13.3 containing conflict within the regulatory text appropriate to group the requirements the marking requirements for because a bulb’s mean spherical candela for both wide vehicles and narrow replacement lenses. Nissan noted that may not be achieved at 12.8V. In order vehicles together based on the marking requirements for replacement to eliminate this apparent contradiction, commonality of the requirements for lenses are already included in paragraph Nissan suggested modifying S14.2.4.3 to both wide and narrow vehicles. S6.5.1, along with the other headlamp state ‘‘Bulb requirements of S14.2.1.6 AAM stated that the requirements for DOT marking requirements. Nissan also apply to DRL photometry, except for the DRLs should not be included in Table requested that the remaining need to operate at the rated mean I–a because DRLs are optional requirements in paragraph S13.3 be spherical candela.’’ equipment and Table I–a is entitled moved with a new paragraph number The agency agrees that the last Required Lamps and Reflective Devices. under paragraph S6.5.3.6 in order to statement in paragraph S14.2.1.6 AAM believed that locating the consolidate all the requirements in one requiring that bulbs be operated at their requirements for DRLs in Table I–a place. The agency agrees that keeping mean spherical candela during detracts from the ease of usability of the the marking requirements together is an photometry testing does not apply to standard. We disagree with AAM’s important factor in meeting the stated DRLs because this requirement is argument. The agency believes that goal of making the standard more user- excluded by the ‘‘unless otherwise Table I–a is the most appropriate friendly. Therefore, S13.3 has been specified’’ clause within SAE J575e location for the requirements for DRLs. deleted, and a new paragraph S6.5.3.6 (AUG 1970). The requirement that bulbs Unlike other optional lamps and has been added to read as published in be operated at their mean spherical lighting equipment installed on this final rule. candela does not apply to DRLs because vehicles, DRLs, when installed, are The Associations and SABIC of specific voltage callout in paragraph regulated according to all the categories requested a modification to paragraph S11 of the currently applicable version contained in Table I–a. We believe that S14.1.2, which contains the testing of the standard. Accordingly, paragraph final rule clearly indicates that DRLs are specifications for all plastic materials S14.2.4.3 has been modified by optional equipment. Therefore, AAM’s used for optical parts on lamps or removing the reference to paragraph request is denied. reflective devices. SABIC requested that S14.2.1.6 and now reads as follows: Koito requested that the agency the word ‘‘transparent’’ be added before ‘‘S14.2.4.3 Except for a lamp having a amend the device activation ‘‘optical’’ and the word ‘‘reflex’’ before sealed-in bulb, a lamp must meet the requirements for high mounted stop the word ‘‘reflectors’’ to clarify that the applicable requirements of this standard lamps contained in Table I–a. Koito requirements of this paragraph do not when tested with a bulb whose filament requested that the agency clarify that

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activation of the high mounted stop argued that any claim of preemption by V. Rulemaking Analyses and Notices lamp upon application of a device the agency is subject to the notice and A. Executive Order 12866, Executive designed to retard the motion of the comment provisions of the Order 13563, and DOT Regulatory vehicle is optional. We agree that Administrative Procedure Act.29 activation of the high mounted stop Policies and Procedures The agency does not consider AAJ’s lamp is optional upon application of a submission to be a petition for NHTSA has considered the impact of device designed to retard the motion of this rulemaking action under Executive the vehicle and have revised Table I–a reconsideration, as NHTSA’s preemption discussion contained in the Order 12866, Executive Order 13563, to note this distinction. and the Department of Transportation’s AAM requested that the titles of preamble is not a rule. Accordingly, we regulatory policies and procedures. This Tables I–a, I–b, and I–c be changed to are treating this petition as a simple include the vehicles to which the tables request to disavow the preemption rulemaking document was not reviewed apply. NHTSA is denying this request. discussion in the final rule preamble. by the Office of Management and Budget under E.O. 12866, ‘‘Regulatory We feel that the subheadings included We provided the general discussion of in the tables clearly indicate the class of Planning and Review.’’ It is not implied preemption and Geier in considered to be significant under E.O. vehicles to which the tables apply. accordance with the directive of Valeo, Grote, and the Associations 12866 or the Department’s regulatory Executive Order 13132, Federalism, for requested that the agency modify Table policies and procedures. This final rule agencies to analyze the federalism XII to clarify that when a single backup merely corrects technical and lamp is used on a vehicle the maximum implications of their rulemakings. In typographical errors in FMVSS No. 108. photometric intensity allowed is 600 that discussion, the agency explained Today’s rule will not have any candela. The agency agrees and has that NHTSA’s safety standards can measurable effect on costs or benefits added the 600 candela value to Table preempt state laws in at least two ways: since the rule merely reorganizes and XII and a footnote stating: ‘‘the value Either expressly, through the express clarifies existing requirements. before the slash applies to each lamp in preemption provision of the Vehicle B. Privacy Act a multiple lamp system; the value after Safety Act, or impliedly, if State the slash applies to a single lamp requirements create a conflict and thus Anyone is able to search the system.’’ stand as an obstacle to the electronic form of all comments Nissan requested that the agency accomplishment and execution of a received into any of our dockets by the modify footnote 1 in Tables XIX–a, XIX– NHTSA safety standard. The agency name of the individual submitting the b, and XIX–c to clarify the photometry would like to note that because most comment (or signing the comment, if requirements for the test areas specified FMVSS are minimum standards, a State submitted on behalf of an association, in the tables. The agency agrees and is common law tort cause of action that business, labor union, etc.). You may modifying footnote 1 in each of the seeks to impose a higher standard on review DOT’s complete Privacy Act three tables to read: these test points are motor vehicle manufacturers will Statement in the Federal Register boundaries; intensity values within this generally not be preempted. However, if published on April 11, 2000 (Volume boundary must meet the listed and when such a conflict does exist— 65, Number 70; Pages 19477–78) or you photometry requirement. for example, when the standard at issue may visit http://docketsinfo.dot.gov/. The agency has attempted to format is both a minimum and a maximum the tables of FMVSS No. 108 in the most C. Other Rulemaking Analyses and standard—the State common law tort user friendly manner. Where the agency Notices was able to avoid splitting tables across cause of action is impliedly preempted. multiple pages, the agency has done so. See Geier v. American Honda Motor Co., In the December 2007 final rule, the We believe that for some of the larger 529 U.S. 861 (2000). agency discussed relevant requirements tables contained in the standard, To this end, the agency has examined related to the Regulatory Flexibility Act, modifications necessary to fit the tables the nature (e.g., the language and the National Environmental Policy Act, on to a signal page, such as shrinking structure of the regulatory text) and Executive Order 13132 (Federalism), the the text in the table, would make the objectives of the final rule, which like Unfunded Mandates Reform Act, Civil tables more difficult to use. many NHTSA rules, prescribes only a Justice Reform, the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act, the E. Preemptive Effect of FMVSS No. 108 minimum safety standard. As such, NHTSA does not intend that this rule Paperwork Reduction Act, and AAJ requested that the agency remove Executive Order 13045 (Protection of preempt state tort law that would any reference to preemption of state tort Children from Environmental Health effectively impose a higher standard on law from the preamble of the final rule. and Safety Risks). Since that final rule motor vehicle manufacturers than AAJ argued that Geier v. American was an administrative rewrite of FMVSS No. 108. Establishment of a Honda Motor Co.28 is an unusual, fact- existing requirements and since today’s driven case and does not provide a basis higher standard by means of State tort action simply makes technical for the agency to claim that all Federal law would not conflict with the corrections to that final rule, today’s motor vehicle safety standards preempt minimum standard announced in rule does not affect the agency’s state tort law. AAJ maintained that FMVSS No. 108. Without any conflict, analyses in those areas. FMVSS No. 108 is a minimum safety there could not be any implied standard and, thus, is not intended to preemption of a State common law tort List of Subjects in 49 CFR Part 571 cause of action. For the aforementioned preempt state tort law. AAJ claimed that Imports, Incorporation by reference, reasons, the agency declines to remove it was premature for the agency to Motor vehicle safety, Motor vehicles, speculate about the preemptive effect of the Geier language from its discussion of and Tires. a rule before the existence of an actual preemption law. legal conflict on the record. AAJ further In consideration of the foregoing, NHTSA is amending 49 CFR Part 571 as 28 529 U.S. 861 (2000). 29 5 U.S.C. 553. follows:

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PART 571—FEDERAL MOTOR S6.1.1.4 Daytime running lamps. S6.5.3.6 Each replacement headlamp VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS Any pair of lamps on the front of a lens must also be marked with the passenger car, multipurpose passenger manufacturer and the part or trade ■ 1. The authority citation for Part 571 vehicle, truck, or bus, whether or not number of the headlamp for which it is continues to read as follows: required by this standard, other than intended, and with the name and/or Authority: 49 U.S.C. 322, 30111, 30115, parking lamps or fog lamps, may be trademark of the lens manufacturer or 30117, 30166; delegation of authority at 49 wired to be automatically activated, as importer that is registered with the U.S. CFR 1.50. determined by the manufacturer of the Patent and Trademark Office. Nothing ■ 2. Section 571.108 is amended as vehicle, in a steady burning state as in this standard authorizes the marking follows: daytime running lamps (DRLs) in of any such name and/or trademark by ■ a. By revising entry 17 in S5.2; accordance with S7.10.5. one who is not the owner, unless the paragraphs S6.1.1.4; S6.1.3.2; S6.2.3.1; * * * * * owner has consented to it. S6.4.4; S6.5.3; S6.5.3.3.1; S6.5.3.6; S6.1.3.2 When multiple lamp * * * * * S7.1.1.9 ; S7.1.1.10.4(a); S7.1.1.11; arrangements for rear turn signal lamps, S7.1.1.9 Markings. See S6.5.1.2. S7.1.1.11.1; S7.1.1.12.4; S7.1.2.9; S7.2.9; stop lamps, or taillamps are used, with * * * * * S7.3.9; S7.4.9; S7.5.9; S7.6.9; S7.7.4; only a portion of the lamps installed on S7.1.1.10.4 Spacing based S7.7.9; S7.8.9; S7.9.9; S7.9.14; S7.11.9; a fixed part of the vehicle, the lamp or photometric multipliers. S8.1.9; S8.2.1.5; S10.1.2; S10.13.4.1; lamps that are installed to the non-fixed (a) where the spacing measurement as S10.14.7.1; S10.15.7.1; S10.18; part of the vehicle will be considered measured from the optical center of the S14.2.1.5.2; S14.2.4.3; S14.3.1; auxiliary lamps. turn signal lamp, to the lighted edge of S14.6.9.1.1; Table I–a; Table I–b; Table * * * * * a lower beam headlamp is less than 100 I–c; Table III; Table IV–a; Table IV–b; S6.2.3.1 When activated in the mm the photometric multiplier must be Table IV–c; Table V–a; Table V–d; Table steady burning state, headlamps 2.5. VIII; Table IX; Table XII; Table XIV; (excluding headlamps mounted on * * * * * Table XV; Table XIX–a; Table XIX–b; motorcycles) must not have any styling S7.1.1.11 Multiple compartment Table XIX–c; ornament or other feature, such as a lamps and multiple lamps. ■ b. By adding a definition of translucent cover or grill, in front of the S7.1.1.11.1 A multiple compartment ‘‘Combination headlamp system’’ in S4; lens lamp or multiple lamps may be used to entry 18 in S5.2; paragraph S6.5.3.1; * * * * * meet the photometric requirements of a ■ c. By removing paragraph S6.1.3.5.1.3, S6.4.4 Legacy visibility alternative. front turn signal lamp provided the removing and reserving paragraph As an alternative to S6.4.3, each requirements of S6.1.3.2 are met. S10.2, and removing paragraph S13.3; passenger car and motorcycle, and each * * * * * and multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, S7.1.1.12.4 Where the clearance ■ d. By removing paragraphs S7.9.14.1.1 trailer, and bus that is of less than 2032 lamp is combined with the turn signal and S7.9.14.1.2, and adding paragraphs mm overall width, that is manufactured lamp, and the maximum luminous S7.9.14.1 and S7.9.14.2 in their place. on or before September 1, 2011, and The revisions and additions to intensity of the clearance lamp is each multipurpose passenger vehicle, § 571.108 read as follows: located below horizontal and within an truck, trailer, and bus that is of 2032 area generated by a 1.0 degree radius § 571.108 Standard No. 108; Lamps, mm or more overall width, that is around a test point, the ratio for the test reflective devices, and associated manufactured on or before September 1, point may be computed using the lowest equipment. 2014, must have each lamp located so value of the clearance lamp luminous * * * * * that it meets the visibility requirements intensity within the generated area. S4 Definitions. specified in Table V–d. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * S7.1.2.9 Markings. See S6.5.1.2. Combination Headlamp means a S6.5.3 Headlamp markings. * * * * * headlamp that is a combination of two S6.5.3.1 Trademark. The lens of S7.2.9 Markings. See S6.5.1.2. different headlamp types chosen from a each original and replacement equipment headlamp, and of each * * * * * type F sealed beam headlamp, an S7.3.9 Markings. See S6.5.1.2. integral beam headlamp, or a original and replacement equipment replaceable bulb headlamp. beam contributor must be marked with * * * * * S7.4.9 Markings. See S6.5.1.2. * * * * * the name and/or trademark registered S5.2 * * * with the U.S. Patent and Trademark * * * * * 17. American Society for Testing and Office of the manufacturer of such S7.5.9 Markings. See S6.5.1.2. Materials (ASTM) C150–56, published headlamp or beam contributor, of its * * * * * 1956, ‘‘Standard Specifications for importer, or any manufacturer of a S7.6.9 Markings. See. S6.5.1.2. Portland Cement.’’ ASTM International, vehicle equipped with such headlamp * * * * * 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, or beam contributor. Nothing in this S7.7.4 Mounting height. No Conshohocken, PA 19428–2959. standard authorizes the marking of any requirement. 18. Illuminating Engineering Society such name and/or trademark by one * * * * * of North America (IES) LM 45, approved who is not the owner, unless the owner S7.7.9 Markings. See. S6.5.1.2. April 1980, ‘‘IES Approved Method for has consented to it. * * * * * Electrical and Photometric * * * * * S7.8.9 Markings. See. S6.5.1.2. Measurements of General Service S6.5.3.3.1 Each sealed beam * * * * * Incandescent Filament Lamps.’’ headlamp lens must be molded with S7.9.9 Markings. See. S6.5.1.2. Illuminating Engineering Society of ‘‘sealed beam’’ and the appropriate * * * * * North America, 345 East 47th St., New designation code as shown in Table II in S7.9.14 Physical tests. York, NY 10017. characters no less than 6.35 mm in size. S7.9.14.1 Each high-mounted stop * * * * * * * * * * lamp must be designed to conform to

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the performance requirements of the connector test, headlamp wattage test, axis with the photometer and adding the vibration test of S14.5, and the color test and aiming adjustment tests of S14.6. value at each test point. and plastic optical material test of * * * * * * * * * * S14.4. S10.14.7.1 Each integral beam S14.2.4.3 Except for a lamp having a S7.9.14.2 Each high-mounted stop headlamp must be designed to conform sealed-in bulb, a lamp must meet the lamp that is not mounted inside the to the performance requirements of the applicable requirements of this standard vehicle must be designed to conform to corrosion test, temperature cycle test, when tested with a bulb whose filament the performance requirements of the vibration test, inward force test (for is positioned within ± .010 in. of the moisture test, dust test, and corrosion lamps which are externally aimed only), nominal design position specified in test of S14.5. headlamp connector test, and aiming SAE J573d, Lamp bulbs and Sealed * * * * * adjustment tests of S14.6. Units, December 1968, (incorporated by S7.11.9 Markings. See. S6.5.1.2. * * * * * reference, paragraph S5.2 of this section) or specified by the bulb * * * * * S10.15.7.1 Each replaceable bulb manufacturer. S8.1.9 Markings. See. S6.5.1.2. headlamp must be designed to conform * * * * * to the performance requirements of the * * * * * S8.2.1.5 Application location. corrosion test, corrosion-connector test, S14.3.1 Procedure. The sample Conspicuity systems need not be dust test, temperature cycle test, device must be tested for photometry installed, as illustrated in Figure 12–2, humidity test, vibration test, inward using bulbs having each of four out-of- on discontinuous surfaces such as force test (for lamps which are focus filament positions. Where outside ribs, stake post pickets on externally aimed only), headlamp conventional bulbs with two pin platform trailers, and external connector test, and aiming adjustment bayonet bases are used, tests must be protruding beams, or to items of tests of S14.6. made with the light source 0.060 in. above, below, ahead, and behind the equipment such as door hinges and * * * * * lamp bodies on trailers and body joints, designated position. If prefocused bulbs stiffening beads, drip rails, and rolled S10.18 Headlamp aimability are used, the limiting positions at which surfaces on truck tractors. performance requirements (except for tests are made must be 0.020 in. above, motorcycles) * * * * * below, ahead, and behind the S10.1.2 Each motorcycle must be * * * * * designated position. The sample device equipped with a headlighting system S14.2.1.5.2 Luminous intensity may be reaimed for each of the out-of- conforming to S10.17 of this standard. measurements of multiple compartment focus positions of the light source. S10.2 [Reserved] lamps or multiple lamp arrangements * * * * * * * * * * are made either by: S14.6.9.1.1 An unfixtured sample S10.13.4.1 Each sealed beam (a) Measuring all compartments headlamp in its design mounting headlamp must be designed to conform together, provided that a line from the position is placed in water at a to the performance requirements of the optical axis of each compartment or temperature of 176° ± 5° F (80° ± 3° C) corrosion test, vibration test, inward lamp to the center of the photometer for one hour. The headlamp is energized force test (for lamps which are sensing device does not make an angle in its highest wattage mode, with the externally aimed only), torque more than 0.6° with the H–V axis, or test voltage at 12.8 ± 0.1 V during deflection test (for lamps which are (b) Measuring each compartment or immersion. externally aimed only), headlamp lamp separately by aligning its optical * * * * *

TABLE I–a—REQUIRED LAMPS AND REFLECTIVE DEVICES

Lighting Mounting device Number and color location Mounting height Device activation

All Passenger Cars, Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles (MPV), Trucks, and Buses

Lower Beam White, of a On the front, at the Not less than 22 The wiring harness or connector assembly of Headlamps. headlighting system same height, sym- inches (55.9 cm) each headlighting system must be de- listed in Table II. metrically about the nor more than 54 signed so that only those light sources in- vertical centerline, inches (137.2 cm). tended for meeting lower beam as far apart as prac- photometrics are energized when the ticable. beam selector switch is in the lower beam position, and that only those light sources intended for meeting upper beam photometrics are energized when the beam selector switch is in the upper beam position, except for certain systems listed in Table II. Steady burning, except that may be flashed for signaling purposes. Upper Beam White, of a On the front, at the Not less than 22 Headlamps. headlighting system same height, sym- inches (55.9 cm) listed in Table II. metrically about the nor more than 54 vertical centerline, inches (137.2 cm). as far apart as prac- ticable.

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TABLE I–a—REQUIRED LAMPS AND REFLECTIVE DEVICES—Continued

Lighting Mounting device Number and color location Mounting height Device activation

Turn Signal Lamps .... 2 Amber ...... At or near the front, at Not less than 15 Flash when the turn signal flasher is actu- the same height, inches, nor more ated by the turn signal operating unit. symmetrically about than 83 inches. the vertical center- line, as far apart as practicable. 2 Amber or red Truck On the rear, at the tractor exception, same height, sym- see S6.1.1.3. metrically about the vertical centerline, as far apart as prac- ticable. Taillamps ...... 2 Red ...... On the rear, at the Not less than 15 Steady burning. Must be activated when the same height, sym- inches, nor more headlamps are activated in a steady burn- metrically about the than 72 inches. ing state or the parking lamps on pas- vertical centerline, senger cars and MPVs, trucks, and buses as far apart as prac- less than 80 inches in overall width are ac- ticable. tivated. May be activated when the headlamps are activated at less than full intensity as Day- time Running Lamps (DRL). Stop Lamps ...... 2 Red ...... On the rear, at the Not less than 15 Steady burning. same height, sym- inches, nor more Must be activated upon application of the metrically about the than 72 inches. service brakes. When optically combined vertical centerline, with a turn signal lamp, the circuit must be as far apart as prac- such that the stop signal cannot be acti- ticable. vated if the turn signal lamp is flashing. May also be activated by a device designed to retard the motion of the vehicle. Side Marker Lamps ... 2 Amber ...... On each side as far to Not less than 15 Steady burning except may be flashed for the front as prac- inches. signaling purposes. Must be activated ticable. when the headlamps are activated in a steady burning state or the parking lamps on passenger cars and MPVs, trucks, and buses less than 80 inches in overall width are activated. 2 Red (not required On each side as far to on truck tractor). the rear as prac- ticable. Reflex Reflectors ...... 2 Amber ...... On each side as far to Not less than 15 Not applicable. the front as prac- inches, nor more ticable. than 60 inches. 2 Red (not required On each side as far to on truck tractor).. the rear as prac- ticable. 2 Red ...... On the rear, at the same height, sym- metrically about the vertical centerline, as far apart as prac- ticable. On a truck tractor may be mounted on the back of the cab not less than 4 inches above the height of the rear tires. Backup Lamp ...... 1 White Additional On the rear ...... No requirement ...... Steady burning. lamps permitted to Must be activated when the ignition switch is meet requirements. energized and reverse gear is engaged. Must not be energized when the vehicle is in forward motion. License Plate Lamp ... 1 White Additional On the rear to illu- No requirement ...... Steady burning. lamps permitted to minate license plate Must be activated when the headlamps are meet requirements. from top or sides. activated in a steady burning state or when the parking lamps on passenger cars and MPVs, trucks, and buses less than 80 inches in overall width are acti- vated.

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TABLE I–a—REQUIRED LAMPS AND REFLECTIVE DEVICES—Continued

Lighting Mounting device Number and color location Mounting height Device activation

Additional Lamps Required on All Passenger Cars, and on Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles (MPV), Trucks, and Buses, Less Than 2032 MM in Overall Width

Parking lamps ...... 2 Amber or white ...... On the front, at the Not less than 15 Steady burning. same height, sym- inches, nor more Must be activated when the headlamps are metrically about the than 72 inches. activated in a steady burning state. vertical centerline, as far apart as prac- ticable.

Additional Lamp(s) Required on All Passenger Cars, and on Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles (MPV), Trucks, and Buses, Less Than 2032 MM in Overall Width and With a GVWR of 10,000 Lbs or Less

High mounted stop 1 Red, or 2 red where On the rear including Not less than 34 Steady burning. lamp. exceptions apply. glazing, with the inches except for Must only be activated upon application of See Section 6.1.1.2. lamp center on the passenger cars. the service brakes or may be activated by vertical centerline See Section 6.1.4.1. a device designed to retard the motion of as viewed from the the vehicle. rear.

Additional Lamps and Reflective Devices Required on All Passenger Cars, Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles (MPV), Trucks, and Buses, 30 Feet or Longer

Intermediate side 2 Amber ...... On each side located Not less than 15 Steady burning except may be flashed for marker lamps. at or near the mid- inches. signaling purposes. point between the Must be activated when the headlamps are front and rear side activated in a steady burning state or marker lamps. when the parking lamps on passenger cars and MPVs, trucks, and buses less than 80 inches in overall width are acti- vated. Intermediate side re- 2 Amber ...... On each side located Not less than 15 Not applicable. flex reflectors. at or near the mid- inches, nor more point between the than 60 inches. front and rear side reflex reflectors.

Additional Lamps Required on All Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles (MPV), Trucks, and Buses, 2032 MM or More in Overall Width

Clearance lamps ...... 2 Amber ...... On the front to indi- As near the top as Steady burning. cate the overall practicable. width of the vehicle, or width of cab on truck tractor, at the same height, sym- metrically about the vertical centerline. May be located at a location other than the front if nec- essary to indicate the overall width of the vehicle, or for protection from damage during nor- mal operation of the vehicle.

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TABLE I–a—REQUIRED LAMPS AND REFLECTIVE DEVICES—Continued

Lighting Mounting device Number and color location Mounting height Device activation

2 Red ...... On the rear to indicate As near the top as Steady burning. (not required on truck the overall width of practicable, except tractor). the vehicle, at the where the rear iden- same height, sym- tification lamps are metrically about the mounted at the ex- vertical centerline. treme height of the May be located at a vehicle.. location other than Practicability of locat- the rear if nec- ing lamps on the essary to indicate vehicle header is the overall width of presumed when the the vehicle, or for header extends at protection from least 25 mm (1 damage during nor- inch) above the rear mal operation of the doors. vehicle. Identification lamps .... 3 Amber ...... On the front, at the As near the top of the Steady burning. same height, as vehicle or top of the close as practicable cab as practicable. to the vertical cen- terline, with lamp centers spaced not less than 6 inches or more than 12 inches apart. 3 Red (not required On the rear, at the As near the top as Steady burning. on truck tractor). same height, as practicable. close as practicable Practicability of locat- to the vertical cen- ing lamps on the terline, with lamp vehicle header is centers spaced not presumed when the less than 6 inches header extends at or more than 12 least 25 mm (1 inches apart. inch) above the rear doors.

Additional Lamps Required on All School Buses Except Multifunction School Activity Buses

Signal warning lamps 2 Red plus 2 amber On the front of the As high as practicable Flashing alternately between 60 to 120 cy- optional. cab as far apart as but at least above cles per minute, with an activation period practicable, but in the windshield. sufficient to allow the lamp to reach full no case shall the brightness, when actuated by a manual spacing between switch. lamps be less than Amber lamps, when installed, may only be 40 inches. activated by manual or foot operation, and Amber lamps, when must be automatically deactivated and the installed, at the red lamps must be automatically activated same height as and when the bus entrance door is opened. just inboard of the red lamp. 2 Red plus 2 amber On the rear cab as far As high as practicable Flashing alternately between 60 to 120 cy- optional. apart as practicable, but at least above cles per minute, with an activation period but in no case shall the top of any side sufficient to allow the lamp to reach full the spacing be- window opening. brightness, when actuated by a manual tween lamps be switch. less than 40 inches. Amber lamps, when installed, may only be Amber lamps, when activated by manual or foot operation, and installed, at the must be automatically deactivated and the same height as and red lamps must be automatically activated just inboard of the when the bus entrance door is opened. red lamp.

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TABLE I–a—REQUIRED LAMPS AND REFLECTIVE DEVICES—Continued

Lighting Mounting device Number and color location Mounting height Device activation

Daytime Running Lamps Permitted But Not Required on Passenger Cars, Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles (MPV), Trucks, and Buses

Daytime running lamp 2 identically colored On the front, symmet- Not more than 1.067 Steady burning. (DRL). either white, white rically disposed meters above the Automatically activated as determined by the to yellow, white to about the vertical road surface if not a vehicle manufacturer and automatically de- selective yellow, se- centerline if not a pair of lamps re- activated when the headlamp control is in lective yellow, or pair of lamps re- quired by this stand- any ‘‘on’’ position. yellow. quired by this stand- ard or if not optically Each DRL optically combined with a turn sig- ard or if not optically combined with a nal lamp must be automatically deacti- combined with a pair of lamps re- vated as a DRL when the turn signal lamp pair of lamps re- quired by this stand- or hazard warning lamp is activated, and quired by this stand- ard. automatically reactivated as a DRL when ard. See S7.10.13(b) for the turn signal lamp or hazard warning additional height lamp is deactivated. limitation. See S7.10.10.1(c) for additional activation requirements when mounted close to, or combined with, a turn signal lamp.

TABLE I–b—REQUIRED LAMPS AND REFLECTIVE DEVICES

Lighting device Number and color Mounting location Mounting height Device activation

ALL TRAILERS

Turn Signal Lamps .... 2 Red or amber ...... On the rear, at the same height, symmetri- Not less than 15 Flash when the turn cally about the vertical centerline, as far inches, nor more signal flasher is ac- apart as practicable. than 83 inches. tuated by the turn signal operating unit. Taillamps ...... 2 Red or 1 red on On the rear, at the same height, symmetri- Not less than 15 Steady burning. trailers less than 30 cally about the vertical centerline, as far inches, nor more inches wide. apart as practicable. When a single lamp than 72 inches. is installed it must be mounted at or near the vertical centerline. Stop Lamps ...... 2 Red, or 1 red on On the rear, at the same height, symmetri- Not less than 15 Steady burning. trailers less than 30 cally about the vertical centerline, as far inches, nor more Must be activated inches wide. apart as practicable. When a single lamp than 72 inches. upon application of is installed it must be mounted at or near the service brakes. the vertical centerline. When optically com- bined with a turn signal lamp, the cir- cuit must be such that the stop signal cannot be activated if the turn signal lamp is flashing. May also be acti- vated by a device designed to retard the motion of the vehicle. Side Marker Lamps ... 2 Amber ...... On each side as far to the front as prac- Not less than 15 Steady burning except None required on trail- ticable exclusive of the trailer tongue. inches. may be flashed for ers less than 1829 signaling purposes. mm [6 ft] in overall length including the trailer tongue.

2 Red ...... On each side as far to the rear as prac- Not less than 15 ticable. inches. Not more than 60 inches on trailers 2032 mm or more in overall width.

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TABLE I–b—REQUIRED LAMPS AND REFLECTIVE DEVICES—Continued

Lighting device Number and color Mounting location Mounting height Device activation

Reflex Reflectors. A 2 Amber ...... On each side as far to the front as prac- Not less than 15 Not applicable. trailer equipped with None required on trail- ticable exclusive of the trailer tongue. inches, nor more a conspicuity treat- ers less than 1829 than 60 inches. ment in conform- mm [6 ft] in overall ance with S8.2 of length including the this standard need trailer tongue. not be equipped with reflex reflectors if the conspicuity material is placed at the locations of the required reflex re- flectors. 2 Red ...... On each side as far to the rear as prac- ticable. 2 Red or 1 red on On the rear, at the same height, symmetri- trailers less than 30 cally about the vertical centerline, as far inches wide. apart as practicable. When a single reflector is installed it must be mounted at or near the vertical centerline.. License Plate Lamp ... 1 White ...... On the rear to illuminate license plate from No requirement ...... Steady burning. Additional lamps per- top or sides. mitted to meet re- quirements.

Additional Lamps and Reflective Devices Required on all Trailers 30 Feet or Longer

Intermediate side 2 Amber ...... On each side located at or near the midpoint Not less than 15 Steady burning except marker lamps. between the front and rear side marker inches. may be flashed for lamps. signaling purposes. Intermediate side re- 2 Amber ...... On each side located at or near the midpoint Not less than 15 Not applicable. flex reflectors. between the front and rear side reflex re- inches, nor more A trailer equipped with flectors. than 60 inches. a conspicuity treat- ment in conform- ance with S8.2 of this standard need not be equipped with reflex reflectors if the conspicuity material is placed at the locations of the required reflex re- flectors.

Additional Lamps Required on all Trailers 2032 MM or More in Overall Width

Clearance lamps ...... 2 Amber ...... On the front to indicate the overall width of As near the top as Steady burning. the vehicle, at the same height, symmetri- practicable. cally about the vertical centerline. May be located at a location other than the front if necessary to indicate the overall width of the vehicle, or for protection from damage during normal operation of the ve- hicle. 2 Red ...... On the rear to indicate the overall width of As near the top as Steady burning. the vehicle, at the same height, symmetri- practicable, except cally about the vertical centerline. where the rear iden- May be located at a location other than the tification lamps are rear if necessary to indicate the overall mounted at the ex- width of the vehicle, or for protection from treme height of the damage during normal operation of the ve- vehicle. Practica- hicle. bility of locating lamps on the vehi- cle header is pre- sumed when the header extends at least 25 mm (1 inch) above the rear doors.

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TABLE I–b—REQUIRED LAMPS AND REFLECTIVE DEVICES—Continued

Lighting device Number and color Mounting location Mounting height Device activation

2 Amber to front and On a boat trailer the requirement for front As near the top as Steady burning. red to rear. and rear clearance lamps may be met by practicable. installation at or near the midpoint on each side of a dual facing lamp so as to indi- cate the extreme width. May be located at a location other than the front and the rear if necessary to indicate the overall width of the vehicle, or for protection from damage during normal operation of the vehicle. Identification lamps .... 3 Red ...... On the rear, at the same height, as close as As near the top as Steady burning. practicable to the vertical centerline, with practicable. lamp centers spaced not less than 6 Practicability of locat- inches or more than 12 inches apart. ing lamps on the vehicle header is presumed when the header extends at least 25 mm (1 inch) above the rear doors.

TABLE I–c—REQUIRED LAMPS AND REFLECTIVE DEVICES

Lighting device Number and color Mounting location Mounting height Device activation

All Motorcycles

Lower Beam White, of a On the front, at the Not less than 22 The wiring harness or connector assembly of Headlamps. headlighting system same height, sym- inches (55.9 cm) each headlighting system must be de- listed in S10.17. metrically about the nor more than 54 signed so that only those light sources in- vertical centerline, inches (137.2 cm). tended for meeting lower beam as far apart as prac- photometrics are energized when the ticable. See addi- beam selector switch is in the lower beam tional requirements position, and that only those light sources in S10.17.1.1, intended for meeting upper beam S10.17.1.2, and photometrics are energized when the S10.17.1.3. beam selector switch is in the upper beam position, except for certain systems listed in Table II. Upper Beam White, of a On the front, at the Not less than 22 Steady burning, except that may be flashed Headlamps. headlighting system same height, sym- inches (55.9 cm) for signaling purposes. listed in S10.17. metrically about the nor more than 54 vertical centerline, inches (137.2 cm). as far apart as prac- ticable. See addi- tional requirements in S10.17.1.1, S10.17.1.2, and S10.17.1.3. The upper beam or the lower beam, but not both, may be wired to modulate from a higher intensity to a lower intensity in ac- cordance with S10.17.5 Turn Signal Lamps .... 2 Amber. None re- At or near the front, at Not less than 15 Flash when the turn signal flasher is actu- quired on a motor the same height, inches, nor more ated by the turn signal operating unit. driven cycle whose symmetrically about than 83 inches. speed attainable in the vertical center- 1 mile is 30 mph or line, and having a less. minimum horizontal separation distance (centerline of lamps) of 16 inches. Min- imum edge to edge separation distance between a turn sig- nal lamp and headlamp is 4 inches.

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TABLE I–c—REQUIRED LAMPS AND REFLECTIVE DEVICES—Continued

Lighting device Number and color Mounting location Mounting height Device activation

2 Amber or red. None At or near the rear, at required on a motor the same height, driven cycle whose symmetrically about speed attainable in the vertical center- 1 mile is 30 mph or line, and having a less. minimum horizontal separation distance (centerline to cen- terline of lamps) of 9 inches. Minimum edge to edge separation dis- tance between the turn signal lamp and the taillamp or stop lamp is 4 inches, when a single stop and taillamp is in- stalled on the vertical centerline and the turn signal lamps are red. Taillamps ...... 1 Red ...... On the rear, on the Not less than 15 Steady burning. vertical centerline inches, nor more except that if two than 72 inches. are used, they must be symmetrically disposed about the vertical centerline. Must be activated when the headlamps are activated in a steady burning state. Stop Lamps ...... 1 Red ...... On the rear, on the Not less than 15 Steady burning. vertical centerline inches, nor more except that if two than 72 inches. are used, they must be symmetrically disposed about the vertical centerline. Must be activated upon application of the service brakes. When optically combined with a turn signal lamp, the circuit must be such that the stop signal cannot be activated if the turn signal lamp is flashing. May also be acti- vated by a device designed to retard the motion of the vehicle. Reflex Reflectors ...... 2 Amber ...... On each side as far to Not less than 15 Not applicable. the front as prac- inches, nor more ticable. than 60 inches. 2 Red ...... On each side as far to the rear as prac- ticable. 1 Red ...... On the rear, on the vertical centerline except that, if two are used on the rear, they must be symmetrically dis- posed about the vertical centerline. License Plate Lamp ... 1 White ...... On the rear to illu- No requirement ...... Steady burning. minate license plate. Additional lamps per- ...... Must be activated when the headlamps are mitted to meet re- activated in a steady burning state. quirements.

* * * * *

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TABLE III—MARKING REQUIREMENTS LOCATION

Lamp, reflective device, or other component Marking Marking location Requirement

HEADLAMPS, BEAM CONTRIBUTORS, OR HEADLAMP REPLACEABLE LENS. ‘‘DOT’’ ...... Lens ...... S6.5.1 Optical axis marking ...... See requirement ...... S10.18.5 Manufacturer name and/or trademark ..... Lens ...... S6.5.3 Voltage ...... See requirement ...... S6.5.3 Part number or trade number ...... See requirement ...... S6.5.3 HEADLAMP REPLACEABLE LENS ...... Manufacturer identification ...... Lens ...... S6.5.3 Headlamp identification. REPLACEABLE BULB HEADLAMPS ...... ‘‘U’’ or ‘‘L’’ (4 lamp system) ...... Lens ...... S10.15.4 Replaceable bulb type ...... Lens ...... S6.5.3.4 SEALED BEAM HEADLAMPS ...... ‘‘sealed beam’’ ...... Lens ...... S6.5.3.3 Type designation ...... See requirements ...... S6.5.3.3 INTEGRAL BEAM HEADLAMPS ...... ‘‘U’’ or ‘‘L’’ (4 lamp system) ...... Lens ...... S10.14.4 MOTORCYCLE REPLACEABLE BULB ‘‘motorcycle’’ ...... Lens ...... S10.17.2 HEADLAMPS. VISUALLY/OPTICALLY AIMED ‘‘VOR’’ or ‘‘VOL’’ or ‘‘VO’’ ...... Lens ...... S10.18.9.6 HEADLAMPS. EXTERNALLY AIMED HEADLAMPS ...... Aim pad location & ‘‘H’’ or ‘‘V‘‘ ...... Lens ...... S10.18.7.1 VEHICLE HEADLAMP AIMING DEVICES Aiming scale(s) ...... See requirement ...... S10.18.8 (VHAD). (HEADLAMP) REPLACEABLE LIGHT ‘‘DOT’’ ...... See requirement ...... S11.1 SOURCES. Replaceable light source designation ...... See requirement. Manufacturer name and/or trademark ..... See requirement. REPLACEABLE LIGHT SOURCE BAL- Manufacturer name or logo ...... See requirement ...... S11.2 LASTS. Part number. Light source identification. Rated laboratory life. High voltage warning. Output in watts and volts. ‘‘DOT’’. LAMPS (OTHER THAN HEADLAMPS), ‘‘DOT’’ ...... See requirement ...... S6.5.1.2 REFLECTIVE DEVICES, AND ASSO- CIATED EQUIPMENT. DAYTIME RUNNING LAMPS (DRL) ...... ‘‘DRL’’ ...... Lens ...... S6.5.2 CONSPICUITY REFLEX REFLECTORS ‘‘DOT–C’’ ...... Exposed surface ...... S8.2.2.1 RETROREFLECTIVE SHEETING ...... ‘‘DOT–C2’’ or ‘‘DOT–C3’’ or ‘‘DOT–C4’’ .. Exposed surface ...... S8.2.1.3

TABLE IV–a—EFFECTIVE PROJECTED LUMINOUS LENS AREA REQUIREMENTS

Passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehi- Multipurpose Motorcycles cles, trucks, trailers, and buses of less than 2032 passenger ve- minimum effective projected lu- mm in overall width hicles, trucks, minous lens area (sq mm) minimum effective projected luminous lens area trailers, and (sq mm) buses 2032 Multiple compartment lamp or mm or more in multiple lamps Lighting device Multiple compartment lamp or overall width multiple lamps minimum ef- fective pro- Single or com- Single com- jected lumi- Each compart- bined compart- partment lamp Each compart- Combined nous lens area ment or lamp ments or ment or lamp compartments each lamp lamps or lamps (sq mm)

Front turn signal lamp ...... 2200 ...... 2200 7500 2200 2258 Rear turn signal lamp ...... 5000 2200 5000 7500 2200 2258 Stop lamp ...... 5000 2200 5000 7500 2200 1 5000 1 A motor driven cycle whose speed attainable in 1 mile is 30 mph or less may be equipped with a stop lamp whose minimum effective pro- jected luminous lens area is not less than 2258 sq mm.

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TABLE IV–b—EFFECTIVE PROJECTED LUMINOUS LENS AREA REQUIREMENTS

Multipurpose passenger vehi- Passenger cars, multipurpose cles, trucks, and buses of less passenger vehicles, trucks, than 2032 mm in overall width and buses of less than 2032 and with a GVWR of 10,000 Lighting device mm in overall width and with a lbs or less using dual lamps of GVWR of 10,000 lbs or less identical size and shape min- using a single lamp minimum imum effective projected lumi- effective projected luminous nous lens area each lamp (sq lens area (sq mm) mm)

High-mounted stop lamp ...... 2903 1452

TABLE IV–c—EFFECTIVE PROJECTED LUMINOUS LENS AREA REQUIREMENTS

School bus minimum effective projected Lighting device luminous lens area each lamp (sq mm)

School bus signal lamp ...... 12,258

TABLE V–a—VISIBILITY REQUIREMENTS OF INSTALLED LIGHTING DEVICES

Lighting device Required visibility

Backup lamp ...... Lamps must be mounted so that the optical center of at least one lamp is visible from any eye point elevation from at least 1828 mm (6 ft) to 610 mm (2 ft) above the horizontal plane on which the vehicle is standing; and from any position in the area, rearward of a vertical plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, 914 mm (3 ft), to the rear of the vehicle and extending 914 mm (3 ft) beyond each side of the vehicle. High-mounted stop lamp ...... Signal must be visible to the rear through a horizontal angle from 45° to the left to 45° to the right of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. (Single lamp or two lamps together where re- quired by S6.1.1.2 of this standard). School bus signal lamp ...... Signal of front lamps to the front and rear lamps to the rear must be unobstructed within area bounded by 5° up to 10° down and 30° left to 30° right.

* * * * *

TABLE V–d—VISIBILITY REQUIREMENTS OF INSTALLED LIGHTING DEVICES (LEGACY VISIBILITY ALTERNATIVE)

Lighting device Required visibility 1

Turn signal lamp ...... All passenger cars, multipurpose pas- Unobstructed minimum effective projected luminous lens area of 1250 sq mm senger vehicles, trucks, buses, mo- through horizontal angle of H–V to H–45° OB. torcycles, and trailers of less than 2032 mm overall width. All multipurpose passenger vehicles, Unobstructed minimum effective projected luminous lens area of 1300 sq mm trucks, buses, and trailers of 2032 through horizontal angle of H–V to H–45° OB. Where more than one lamp mm or more overall width. or optical area is lighted on each side of the vehicle, only one such area on each side need comply.

Stop lamp Unobstructed minimum effective projected luminous lens area of 1250 sq mm through horizontal angle of H–45° IB to H–45° OB. Where more than one lamp or optical area is lighted on each side of the vehicle, only one such area on each side need comply. Taillamp Unobstructed minimum effective projected luminous lens area of 2 sq in through horizontal angle of H–45° IB to H–45° OB. Where more than one lamp or optical area is lighted on each side of the vehicle, only one such area on each side need comply. 1 IB indicates an inboard direction (toward the vehicle’s longitudinal centerline) and OB indicates an outboard direction.

* * * * * BILLING CODE 4910–59–P

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* * * * *

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Issued: July 27, 2011. David L. Strickland, Administrator. [FR Doc. 2011–19595 Filed 8–5–11; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910–59–C

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