A Glossary of Some FOREIGN-LANGUAGE TERMS in ENTOMOLOGY

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Agricultural Handbook No. 218

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Agricultural Research Service A Glossary of Some FOREIGN-LANGUAGE TERMS in ENTOMOLOGY

by Ruth O. Ericson

Agriculture Handbook No. 218

Entomology Research Division Agricultural Research Service

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Washington, D.C. Issued December 1961

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C—Price 25 cents PREFACE

Translating scientific papers from foreign languages into English requires more than finding English equivalents in a dictionary. Sometimes the foreign words do not appear in the foreign- language dictionary or the equivalents cited for them are un- suitable. At other times the choice of equivalents is so wide that proper selection of the preferred English term is difficult. Dictionaries seldom make shades of meaning clear; they can usually be gleaned only from the context of the paper itself, from illustrations accompanying it, from a knowledge of the insect concerned, or by consulting European entomologists familiar with the common words in technical use. In older papers on entomology European writers used Latin technical terms in describing the parts of an insectos body, as American entomologists still do. But in the 1930's many European writers began to replace such technical terms by words from the common speech. Instead of the Latin, and hence universal, "abdomen," some German writers first adopted "Bauch" for the third section of an insect body. Since this word means abdomen or venter in man, it was not precise enough to designate the abdomen in insects. Therefore "Hinterleib" [= hinder part of the body] is now more generally used for abdomen; whereas "Bauch" is em- ployed to mean the venter or sternum of the abdomen in insects, in more recent literature. These common words tend to be used loosely and inconsistently. Of two Russian collaborators in papers on grasshoppers, for instance, one uses a different Russian word for the sternum and the thorax, but the other uses the same Russian word for both. Many of these terms are not the ones preferred by European specialists in entomology. Many were incorrectly used by ama- teurs, or by entomologists writing in a language other than their own. Hence the terms appearing in this Glossary are not neces- sarily the ones used by the best writers, but the equivalents given for them were found to be those best suited for the purpose of a given translation.

Miss Ericson had completed the manuscript for this glossary, but had no opportunity to review the proofs, at the time of her death on October 9, 1961. n A Glossary of Some FOREIGN-LANGUAGE TERMS in ENTOMOLOGY By Ruth O. Ericson, translator. Entomology Research Division, Agricultural Research Service

A source of difficulty for translators of scientific material is the ambiguous use of technical terms in some foreign-language papers on entomology. This Glossary is an attempt to supply satisfactory English equivalents for many such words which either do not appear in most dictionaries or for which unsatisfactory equivalents are given in available reference books. All words have been entered in the Glossary in one comprehen- sive list in alphabetical order according to the Latin Alphabet as used in America. That is, Swedish umlauted vowels are treated as though they had no umlaut. Also, Russian words have been transliterated into Latin letters and entered in the list in alphabetical order after transliteration; that is, words with initial (transliterated) "v" are entered under "v" in the list. This treatment will make the Glossary more useful to scientists with little knowledge of these languages. In the Glossary each foreign term is followed by a symbol in- dicating the language concerned ; i.e., C = Czech, Da = Danish, Du =: Dutch, F = French, G = German, P = Polish, R = Russian, S = Swedish. A few of the taxonomic characters in question are diagram- matically illustrated on the figures at the end of the Glossary. The 1945 Library of Congress Catalog rules for transliteration were used, except that the last character in the Russian alphabet was transliterated "ya'' instead of "ia." Transliteration is as follows : Aa = a, B6 = b, BB = V, Tr = g, JIA = d, Ee = e, Ëë = ë, }KyK = zh, 33 = z, HH = i, PIH = ï, KK = k,Jlji = 1, MM = m, HH = n, Oo = o. On = p, Pp = r, Cc = s, TT = t, Yy = u, 0(J) = f, Xx = kh, Uu = ts, ^^ = ch, Ulm == sh, LUm =z shch, Tj-b r= ", blbi = y, bb r= ', 33 = é, íOK) == iu, HH = ya. Compilation of a complete glossary of all or even most foreign entomological terms would be a labor of years. This preliminary Glossary might well form the nucleus for such a work. Meanwhile, words not found here should appear in such foreign language helps as the following: III De Vries, Louis. 1940. French-English Science Dictionary for Students in Agricultural, Biological, and Physical Sciences. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York. De Vries, Louis. 1946. German-English Science Dictionary for Students in Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Agricul- ture, and Related Sciences. McGraw-Hill Book Com- pany, Inc., New York. Callaham, Ludmilla Ignatiev. 1947. Russian-English Technical and Chemical Dictionary. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. Carpovich, Eugene A. 1958. Russian-English Biological and Medical Dictionary. Technical Dictionaries Co., New York. Von Keler, Stefan. 1955. Entomologisches Wörterbuch. [In German.] Deutsche Akademie der Landwirtschafts- wissenschaften zu Berlin, Germany. Shchegoleva, V. N. 1955. Slovar'-Spravochnik Entomologa. [In Russian.] State Publishers of Agricultural Litera- ture, Moscow, Leningrad. Equivalents appearing in this Glossary are based mostly on Faunas published in the various foreign countries concerned and in ''Keys to the Fauna of the USSR" available generally in the U. S. Department of Agriculture Library. Most of these publications contain definitions and illustrations for the terms used. Equiva- lents are also based on conversations with specialists publishing in Europe, especially D. Hille Ris Lambers, Bladluisonderzoek T.N.O., Benekom, Netherlands; Frey Ossiannilsson, Kungl. Lant- brukshögskolan, Institutionen for Växtsjuksomslära, Uppsala, Sweden; S. L. Tuxen, Universitets Zoologiske Museum, Copen- hagen, Denmark; and P. Vrydagh, Sous-Directeur, Entomology, in Charge of Coleóptera, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium. I would like to offer my most sincere thanks to these expert entomologists for their valuable assistance in bringing this small Glossary into being. Any corrections to this work and any suggestions for improving or enlarging it will be gratefully received.

IV FOREIGN LANGUAGE TERMS in ENTOMOLOGY

aandehul. Da. spiracle, a slitlike op- aeggeholder, Da. uterus. ening bordered by a firmer frame. aeggeleder. Da. oviduct. aan de kant, Du. laterally, on the aeggestok, Da. ovarium. aeglaegningsskede, Da. ovipositor Abdomen, G. sometimes used inter- sheath consisting of two dorsal and changeably with Bauch; usually it two ventral valves. refers to the 3d body section of an insect body, whereas Bauch refers Afterborsten, G. cerci or only anal to the ventral part of that section. setae. abgesetzt, G. distinct; setoíf like a Afterbürste, G. anal brush. stairstep, as in some aphids the head Afterbüschel, G. anal tuft. is "setoíf" from the body; in others, Afterdecke, G. pygidium; dorsal plate; it is nearly continuous with it. a dorsal plate lying over the anal abgliedern, G. to setofï by a joint; opening; the last tergite. dismembered. Afterklappe, G. a semicircular lobe- Ablauf rinne, G. a groove joined to like chitin plate below the anal open- stinkgland openings in bugs, or other ing; valvae; uncus; basicerci; cauda similar structure. or anal lobe (sensu Borner). Abschnitt, G. p.art; sector; a part Afterklauen, G. pseudonychia; empo- cut off from another part. dia in Diptera; arolia in Orthoptera. Abschreckwirkung, G. repellent ef- Afterraupe, G. erucina, the caterpil- fect. larlike larva of sawflies; see under Raupe. abstehend, G. patulose; spreading. Afterrinne, G. anal groove; a contin- Achselader, G. axallaris. uation of the median incision in •achter. Du. hind; an indefinite suf- coccids. fix meaning the hinder parts. Afterröhr, G. anal tube. achteraan, Du. on the hinder part or Aftertasche, G. spermatophragma; behind. ampulla; harpe; conus (i.e., a pouch- achterkaken. Du. posterior jaws; like structure on or near the anus). maxillae. Afterträger, G. pygofer — the last achterlijf, Du. abdomen, the 3d divi- segment of the abdomen in some sion of an insect's body. Homoptera. achterlijfbuisje, Du. abdominal si- aggläggningsapparat, S. a vertically phunculi or cornicles (of aphids); in placed sawlike organ enclosing a pair general, short blunt horns or pro- of long valves, the sawcase (Hyme- jections. noptera), achterrug. Du. hinder part of the dorsum; pygidium. ahlenförmig, G. awlshaped. Ader, G. vein. aiguillon, F. aculeus, sting. alleseters Atemborsten alleseters, Du. omnívora; polyphagi. andplât, S. pygidium; the tergum of the last abdominal segment. Ameisengast, G. inquiline in ants' nests; an insect guest of ants. andrörens mynningar, S. spiracles; openings of breathing tubes. an Hand or an der Hand, G. on the basis of. Anflug, G. flight to or against (as flies fly against the window). Analader, G. analis; anal vein in an insect wing. angeflogen, G. (of a color) light wash, faint tint. Analborsten, G. cerci; or only anal angehaucht, G. (of colors) = tinged; setae. as rötlich angehaucht = slightly Analfächer, G. anal fan of wing. tinged reddish. Analfeld, G. anal area of wing, Angelglied, G. cardo. analfrynse. Da. fimbria analis; anal Angularstücke, G. appendices angu- fringe. lares; angulus valvae; angular piece. Analfurche, G. boundary between anhängend, G. said of the abdomen clavus and corium; anal groove, when it is greatly narrowed toward Analklappe, G. proctiger of $ geni- the thorax, so that there is a distinct talia; valves of ovipositor in 9 gen- constriction between abdomen and italia. thorax. Anallappen, G. (on the wing) == ju- Anhängsel des Cardo, G. stipes; an gum. appendage of the cardo of an insect's maxilla. analnaya dolka, R. anal lobe, Anhangszelle, G. accessory cell (of analnaya trubka, R. anal tube. wing). anální kuzelec, C. proctiger, a small anliegend, G. recumbent; appressed; part bearing the anus. usually referring to hairs on an in- analnoe kolt'so, R. anal ring. sect's body. analnoi klapan, R. anal lobes, or anneau, F. segment of the insect valves; paraproct of mites. body, or of one of its parts or appendages. analplât, S, anal plate. Ansigt, Da. íSLCQ. Analquerader, G. anal crossvein. Ansigtsliste, Da. facial ridge. Analrand, G. margin of clavus and corium beside the anal furrow on the ansikte, S. epistoma in Díptera; face. tegmen of Hemiptera. ansiktshörn, S. facial angle. Analwinkel, G. angle formed by cla- ansiktslist, S. facial ridge. vus, corium, and membrane on the distal end of the anal groove on the antecoxal Stykke, Da. antecoxal tegmen of Hemiptera. piece; a sclerite before the coxae on an insect's body. Analzelle, G. in Díptera, a cell of the wing enclosed by the posterior branch antennskaft, S. scape of antenna. of cubitus and the anal vein. Antetergit, G. scutellum. Analzone, G. a more or less distinct arceau, F. abdominal segment. boundary zone between clavus and Art, G. species. corium in Corixidae. art, S. species. anden Brystring, Da. mesothorax. Atemborsten, G. two threadlike half andhal, S'. spiracle. tubes on the abdominal end of a Atemhonier bakbukled

scorpion's tail, together forming a ausgebuchtet, G. evaginate, occasion- breathing tube. ally emarginate. Literally, "bowed Atemhorner, G. hornlike prolongation out;" sometimes used for "sinuate" of air hole (i.e., spiracles). or "indented." Atemloch, G. spiracle. ausgefärbt, G. "colored out," as of Atemöffnung, G. spiracle. an insect which is pale on first emerging from a pupa but becomes auffallend, G. striking, conspicuous, darker as the chitin hardens. bright (of light). ausgerandet, G. emarginate; crenate. aufrecht, G. erect, as of insect hairs or setae. ausgeschweift, G. obtuse-angularly emarginate before the apex; sinuous; Auftreibung, G. excrescence, swelling. incised. Auge, G. sight organ of insects; annular spot on wings of many Lepi- ausgesprochen, G. distinct; marked; doptera. pronounced. Augendeckel, G. the greatly widened, Aushöhlung des Hinterkopfes, G. oc- ventrally concave first antennal seg- cipital foramen; occipital cavity; ment of certain aculeate moths, rest- a hollowed out place in the occiput. ing on the eye. Ausschnitt, G. notch; a cutout place. Augenhöhle, G. orbit. Aussenlade, G. external lobe of Augenlappen, G. eye flaps; in bee- galea. tles, lateral widenings of the anterior margin of pronotum, reaching to or Aussenwerte, G. upper and lower partly covering the eyes. limits; extreme values. Ausbuchtung, G. evagination, protru- Aussenzipfel, G. the end of the wing sion, occasionally emargination. Lit- membrane corresponding to the co- erally, a place that is "bowed out" rium in Notoneeta spp.; outer tip; like a bay window. outer point.

b.m., R. more or less. Bagkropsleds Rygdel, Da. notum of abdomen; tergum. Backen, G. juga. Bagryg, Da. metanotum. Bagbrystet, Da. metathorax; sometimes erroneously used for metaster- Bagskutel, Da. postscutellum. num. Bagstyk, Da. metathorax. Bagbrystets Bug, Da. metasternum. bagtil. Da. posteriorly. bageste Del af Metasternum, Da. an- bagtil laend, Da. epimeron. tecoxal piece. Bagvinge, Da. hindwing. Baghage, Da. submentum. bak, S. dorsal; dorsum. Bagkaebe, Da. labium. bakât, S. backward; caudad. Bagkrop, Da. abdomen; the 3d section of an insect's body. bakbröst, S. metathorax; may refer to metasternum. Bagkropsled, Da. abdominal segment. bakbukled, 5. metasternum. bakefter beilförmig bakefter, S. behind. domen with a median longitudinal ridge. bakhaka, S. submentum. Bauchabschnitt, G. sternite of abdo- bakhroma, R. fringe. men. bakhromka, R. cilia = a fringe fram- Bauchbiirste, G. the densely hairy ing the margin of the wing (evident- pollen brushes or scopae on the ab- ly used as an equivalent of Latin— domen of bees. eyelid). Bauchdorn, G. abdominal spine (in baki, R. buccae, in Diptera; not used some gall flies). for gena or cheek. Bauchplatte, G. abdominal sternite. bakkropp, S. abdomen; the 3d section of an insect's body. Bauchring, G. used for both abdominal sternite and abdominal segment. baklänges, S. (moving) backwards. Bauchschild, G. sternum or sternite bakom, S. behind (situation). of abdomen. bakre basfält, S. 2d basal cell. Bauchsegment, G. sternite of abdo- bakre tvärribba, S. posterior (or men; in old papers it may mean a hind) cross vein. segment of the abdomen. bakremidtribba, 5^. submedian vein. Bauchspange, G. abdominal sternite; bakreplât, S. epimeron. ventral band; narrow curved piece on the venter. bakrygg, S. metanotum; postscutellum. beblätterte Keule, G. lamellate club. baksida, S. posterior (not dorsal) as- beborstet, G. setose; supplied with pect; erroneously used for dorsum. setae. baktil, S. backward; caudad. Beborstung, G. armor; bristliness; supply of bristles; setation. bakut, S. backwards. bedornt, G. with spines; spiny. bakvinge, S. hindwing. bedrennyi, R. femoral. balancières, F. haltères. bedrennyi ship, R. gonyodon (Lepi- balancierkolfjes, Du. haltères. doptera); i.e., a toothlike process at Bälkchen, G. trabeculum; a paired base of femur in some noctuids. moveable appendage before the an- bedro, C. propodeum; also coxa tennae in some insects. (rare). Basalader, G. the principal vein from bedro, R. femur. which the others branch. Basallap, Da. alar lobe. befallen, G. to infest (as with insects) ; to attack. Basalvingelap, Da. squama. Befallsstimmung, G. mood to attack. basalwärts, G. basad; proximad. begatel'naya noga, R. running legs; basfält, S. basal cell of an insect cursorial legs. wing; may be used for basal area or basal field. Begleitrhinarium, G. very small roundish pores flanking a rhinarium. Bauch, G. venter; has been used for the entire abdomen in old entomologi- Beharrungsgesetz, G. law of conti- cal papers; used interchangeably with nuity. abdomen in keys by Faust 1904. beilförmig, G. securiform; hatchet Bauch dachförmig gewölbt, G. ab- shaped. Bein briushko

Bein, G. leg. bombardieren, G. eject fluid from the Beinpaar, G. legs; hinter Beinpaar = terminal abdominal segment. hind legs. bor, R. pine forest on sandy soil; Ben, Da. leg. pine barren. Besatz, G. border, edging. bord costal, distal, vannai, F. costal, distal, or vannai margins of wing. Bestand, G. stock, reserve; has been used for a colony in the case of borodavchatyi, R. tuberculate. aphids. borodavka, R. tubercle. betrillen, G. to cause to vibrate, to borozda, R. furrow. pat (use of antennae by ants in car- borozdka, R. groove of 2d segment, ing for aphids or inducing them to hind tarsus, in Diptera = pedisul- secrete honeydew). cus; furrow. Beutel, G. bag; pouch; occasionally borst, S. a coarse, strongly chitinized breeding cage for some insects—es- process; seta; bristle in Diptera. pecially a sack tied around a part of a plant for natural breeding of in- Borste, G. usually seta; bristle in sects, in the field. flies; chaeta. bevingad hona, S. alata. B0rste, Da. seta; on hindwing it is the frenulum. bewimpert, G. fringed with hairs, ciliate. E0rste av f0ler. Da. arista. Bicik, C. flagellum of antenna. b0rsteformet f0ler, Da. setaceous or bristlelike antenna. Binde, G. band. borstel. Du. articulated seta. Bi0jne, Da. ocelli. borstelhaar, Du. a long stiff hair; a bipalp, S. maxillary palp. setal hair. bitemun, S. chewing mouth. borstenartig, G. setalike; bristly. bitanga, S. paraglossa. borstenförmig (of antennae), G. Bitunge, Da. paraglossa. thinned toward the end. Bladf0ler, Da. lamellate antenna. Borstentragende, G. setigerous; seta- bearing. Bladk0lle, Da. lamellate club of antenna. borststuk. Du. thorax. bläschenartig, G. vesicular; bubble- borstzijde. Du. sternum of thorax like. not abdomen. Bogenstreif, G. curved streak. bovenkant, Du. upper side. l>ogig, G. curved. breit angewachsen, G. said of the ab- B0jle, Da. retinaculum. domen when not separated from the thorax by a deep constriction. bok, R. side. breit ansitzend, G. said of the abdo- bokovaya plastinka, R. pleuron; lat- men when not separated from the eral plate. thorax by a deep constriction. bokovaya plevralnaya chast', R. pleu- Breite, G. measured across the body ron. axis. bokovoi, R. lateral. brieflich, G. in litteris; in a letter. bokovye shchetinki, R. lateral bristles (= marginal scutellar bristles briushko, R. abdomen; may also re- of Comstock), in Diptera. fer to venter, but this use is rare. bfisnf Büschel brisní, C. abdominal; ventral. Bugben, Da. proleg; i.e., abdominal "leg" in caterpillars. bfisní plat, C. stemite, Bugb0rste, Da. scopa ventralis. brisní pochva kladélka, C. ventral plate (of ovipositor). Bugled, Da. sternum or sternite. briushnaya tsep*, R. catena nervosa. bugorok, R. tubercle, or small pro- briushnoi, R. ventral; abdominal. tuberance. briushnoi shchit R. ventral plate. Bugplade, Da. sternite. briushnye sklerity, R. sterna; vent- Bugside, Da. ventral side. ral sclerites. Bugskinne, Da. connexivum. Bred, Da. sawcase or sheath of ovi- bugtig. Da. curved or sinuous. positor; sting of bees. buik, Du. venter (in entomology may bröst, S. usually the sternum of the be erroneously used for abdomen). thorax; ventral side; also used for entire thorax. buikpooten, Du. pro- or abdominal legs. Brust, G. stethium; pectus; thorax; also sternum or prosternum; it is buis. Du. tube. usually used for the ventral side of buis je. Du. small tube; tubelet; duct. the prothorax. Brustgräte, G. spatula sternalis. buk, »S. usually venter; has occasionally been used for abdomen. Brustplatte, G. pleuron; might refer to any thoracic plate. bukbihang, S. styli. Brustring, G. a thoracic segment. bukfötter, S. abdominal legs of lepi- Brustschild, G. ventral scale of coc- dopterous larvae. cids; may be used for a thoracic bukled, iS. ventral sternite; has been plate. used for abdominal segment; ster- Bruststück, G. thorax; pleuron. num. Brustteil, G. ventral part; sternum. bukplat, S. sternum; ventral plate. brüten (of antenna), S. geniculate. bukstycke, S. sternite of abdomen. Bryst, Da. thorax as a whole, never bulava, R. clavus; club. sternum. Brystben, Da. thoracic leg. bulavovidnye usiki, R. clávate anten- Brystfod, Da. thoracic leg (incor- nae. rect). bulbe, F. enlarged base of basal Brystparti, Da. thorax. segment of antenna. Bryststyk, Da. thorax. bult. Du. hump, callous. bskr., R. apterae. bultig. Du. humpy. Bug, Da. venter, or ventral side of Bürste, G. sarothrum or tibial abdomen; sternum only in old papers brush. or in error; sometimes erroneously used for abdomen. Büschel, G. tuft or brush of hairs. Carina czulek

Carina, Da. carina; ridge; a raised cheshuichatyi, R. squamate. line. cheshuika, R. scale, squama, alula, celist, C. maxilla. calypter. celistni makadlo, C. maxillary palp. chetkovidnyi, R. moniliform. Cellerne = Felterne, Da. q.v. under Chitinspange, G. processus basalis Felt. paraphalli of Zimin; a curved buckle- cellhake, S. hamus (of wing). shaped sclerite anywhere on an insect. cellule, F. area or cell; the part of an insect's wing enclosed by veins. chlenik, R. segment; joint (of antenna, body). cellules nourricières, F. vitelline cells in an insect's egg. chlopen kladelka, C. dorsal valvulae (of ovipositor). celo, C. front; frons. chodidlo, C. tarsus. cerques, F. cerci. chuvstvitel'nye obrazovanniya, R. champ, F. a limited space of any sensillae; sensory structures. shape; area. chuvstvitel'nyi volosok, R. sensory champ vannai, F. anal field. hair. chaperon, F. clypeus. cip predozádí, C. angle of pronotum. chashechka, R. bothridium; a cup- ciselé F. caelatus. shaped structure. clánek, C. segment; joint. chekhlikovyi, R. casebearing; case- inhabiting. cokót, P. socle. chekhlonos, R. casedweller; case- coque spéciale, F. roach egg case. bearer. costalfläckar, S. spots near the costa of the wing. chekhlonosets, R. casebearer. chekhol, R. case (of aquatic midge costalhakar, S. hooks near the costa larvae); wingpad; case of a case- of the wing. bearing larva as in bagworms. Coxalgelenkpfanne, G. coxal cavity. cheliustnoi shchupik, R. maxillary creusé, F. bearing a cavity. palp. crochet de lápophyse articulaire de l'an- cherepnaya korobka, R. epicranium. tenne, F. hook of apophysis of an- chern', R. "soot" on honeydew of tennal articulation. aphids. cuisse, F. femur. chervetsy, R. soft or unarmored scales as opposed to hard, armored, czlon, P. segment; joint. diaspine scales; not scale insect in czolowy, P. fro.ntal. general; also used for worm or mag- got in other groups. czutek, P. antenna. Daekvinge dykhatel'naya trubka

Daekvinge, Da. elytron; the fore- Dorn, G. spine. wing, which in many insects covers Dornborsten, G. short powerful rigid the hindwing when at rest. setae. daleko ne, R. far from. Dornkralle, G. a crooked horny claw, Decken, G. elytra. dorsal Segment, G. tergite. Deckflügel, G. elytron; hemelytron; Dorsalklappe, G. a seta-bearing "cau- tegmen. da" (or taillike process) above the Deckschuppen, G. tegulae; scalelike anus; a dorsal valve. structures covering the base of the drapek, C. claw of an insect's foot; wings. distal part of clasper of $ genitalia. Deckzelle, G. cap cell. dritter Brustring, G. metathorax. dessous, F. inferior part; ventral Druh, C. species. part. druhi pfikycla, C. trochantellus. dessus, F. superior part; dorsal part. Drüse, G. gland; sometimes used diskfält, S. discal cell. where American authors use pore. diskovidnaya zheleza, R. pore with Drüsenplatte, G. pore plate (in locules (coccid); disklike gland. aphids); gland plate or plate of Diskus, G. central part of the sur- glands. face of an organ; disk. Duftdrüse, G. scent gland. dlina, R. length. Duftplättchen, G. sensilla. dno sumki, R. fundus bursae. dushistaya zheleza, R. odoriferous dol'ka pigidiya, R. pygidial lobe. gland; scent gland. doom, Du. spine in entomology; Du&k, Da. (of long down-curved thorn in botany. hairs) = flocculus. doornachtig. Du. spinelike. dvugrebenchatyi, R. bipectinate. doorschijnend. Du. transparent. dvupH'chatyi, R. biserrate. doorzichtig, Du. translucent. dvustoronne-peristyi, R. bilaterally dopluîs. Du. a term restricted to plumose. scale insects of Lecanium type. dvuzubchatyi, R. bidentate. dopolnitel'nyi litsevoi kil', R. lateral facial carina. Dykhal'tse, R. spiracle. Doppelaugen, G. eyes that are dif- dykhal'tsevoe uglublenie, R. spiracu- ferent above and below, as in some lar spine area (in coccids) ; a depres- flies. sion around or near a spiracle. Doppelgeburt, G. hermaphrodite. dykhatel'naya sistema, R. respirato- doppelt gekämmte, G. bipectinate. ry system. doppelt so lang als =: zweimal länger dykhatel'naya trubka, R. trachea; als, G. twice as long as. may also mean respiratory tube. ebendeshalb étui

ebendeshalb, G. precisely as. einreihig, G. uniseriate; in one row, écailles, F. scales (on wing in Lepi- Einschnappvorrichtung, G. spring doptera, on body in Coleóptera). mechanism. ecaillettes, F. tegulae; small scale- einzel Augen, G. ommatidia. like structures covering the base of the wing. Eiröhrenstiel, G. stalk of ovary. Eisack, G. eggsac in coccids. Ecke, G. corner; angle (i.e., the peak of an angle formed by two straight el', R. Picea abies L. ( = Pinus abies lines). L.) = spruce; may be loosely used to mean any evergreen or coniferous ectadenies, F. glands derived from tree. the ectoderm. Ellenquerader, G. cubital cross vein. edinitsa, R. category, unit. Ellenzelle, G. cubital cell. efter, S. behind. Endadern (in Cicadidae), G. nervi Efterled, Da. when small and be- apicales. tween the two claws it is the onychium. Endborste (in Diptera), G. arista when apical. efterrygg, S. metanotum; postero- dorsal part; postscutellum. Endedusk, Da. apical tuft. efterskutell, S, postscutellum. Endespidse, Da. cremaster (lepidopterous pupa). eierlegger, Da. definitely ovipositor. Endetarm, Da. hind gut. eigentliche Tergit, G. postscutellum. Endfaden, G. terminal filament. eijerbuis. Du. may be ovipositor or only an oviduct. Endgriffel (in Diptera), G. stylus. eijerbuisje, Du. same as above. Endlinie, G. the linear marking along eileider, Du. oviduct. the outermost edge of a fringe. einbuchtet, G. invaginate, emargin- Endlinie der Fransen, G. differently ate, indented; literally a place that colored outermost margin of wing is bowed in, as a bay into land. fringe. eindgriffel, Du. either stylus or one endständig, G. apical; terminal. of the cerci. endwärts, G. apicad. einfache Augen, G. ocelli. Engerling, G. grub. eingedrückt Punktierung, G. with in- Entwicklung, G. development. dented dots; punctate. envergure, F. wingspan. eingeschobene Ader, G. vena spuria, éperon, F. spur. vena intercalata. epistome, F. clypeus. eingeschobene Zelle, G. cellula intercalata; intercalated cell. Erscheinungsform, G. phenotype. eingestochen-punktiert, G. with in- erster Brustring, G. prothorax. dented dots; punctate. erster Rückenabschnitt, G. pronotum Einlenkung, G. insertion; articula- (rarely used, the common term for tion. pronotum is Halschild, q.v.). Einlenkungsloch, G. socket (of an- état, F. stage (larval period, nym- tenna); cavity (of coxae); literally phal period). hole for insertion (of something). étui, F. egg pod of locusts. facetochnyi glaz 10 Flügelwurzel

facetochnyi glaz, R. compound eye. Filz, G. tomentum. Facet0je, Da. compound eye. Fimreorgan, Da. ciliar organ. fächerförmig, G. flabelliform; fan- finhârig, S. tomentose. shaped, Fjaerf0ler, Da. plumose antenna. Faden, G. filament. fj alien, S. scales on lepidopterous fadenförmig, G. filiform; threadlike. wing, on curculionids. fait, S. usually field of an insect's fjunnig, S. downy. wing; sometimes used for cell of a Fläche, G. field, area, face; of an- wing. gles = obtuse; of depressions =r Falte, G. anal fold in wing. shallow; it is the opposite of acute. Faltenlinie, G. anal fold in wing of flächenhaft, G. flat like a table. Lepidoptera when of a different col- Flankedaek, Da. epipleuron. or. Fleck, G. patch; spot. fängig, G. attractant (drawing insects to a baited trap). fliegende, G. obsolescent (of angles); apparently a word coined from flie- fara, S. stria; furrow. gen = to fly. faste (of a wing), S. wing fasten- Flig, Da. lobe, flap. ing; i.e., of wing to wing for support while flying, not attachment to the flik, S. lobe or flap. thorax. Flügel, G. wing, usually flying wing; fast-sittande, S. Î scale insect when i.e., hindwing in some insects. sessile. Flügelanlage, G. wing rudiments; Fazettenaugen, G. the term common- wing pads. ly used for compound eyes of insects. Flügelbasis, G. wing base. Feder, G. lobe of orneodid wing. Flügeldreieck, G. triogonulum; wing federartig gewimpert, G. plumosely triangle. ciliate when the length of the hairs Flügelgeäder, G. venation of an in- of the fringe is great in relation to sect wing. the wing surface. Flügelhäutchen, G. membranula or Feld, G. area (of wing); field. anal membrane of an insect wing. Felt, Da. field, in wing. Flügelknoten, G. nodulus (of Odonata Fensterfleck, G. hyaline spot, espe- wing). cially in an insect wing. Flügelmal, G. pterostigma. Ferse, G. metatarsus. Flügelscheide, G. pterotheca; wing festsaugen, G. to "suck fast;" to at- pad. tach by sucking; (said of aphids at- tached to the host by their beaks Flügelschüppchen, G. tegulae, small being thrust into the tissues). scalelike structures covering the wing bases. Fichte, G. a pine or spruce tree, i.e., an evergreen tree, a "needle-tree;" Flügelspitze, G. apex of wing. some qualifier is necessary to deter- Flügelstück (of beak, in beetles), G. mine genus and species; generally speaking, "spruce" is most likely to wingpiece of snout in curculionids. be meant. Flügelwurzel, G. wing base. flygvinge 11 Fühlerborste flygvinge, S. (flying) wing, not ely- fotputa, S. pulvillus between claws. tron nor tegmen. fouet, F. 2d antennal segment; pe- Flyvevinge, Da. flying wing; i.e., dicel. not tegmen nor elytron. fourreau, F. vagina; also used for F0lehorn, Da. antenna. egg pod of locust. F0lehornets indledningssted. Da. an- Fraktur, G. fracture; a place where tennal socket or place of insertion of an angle is formed, as in the vein antennae. of a wing. F0lehornsfaeste, Da. insertion of an- frambröst, S. prosternum; also used tennae. for prothorax. F0lehornsgrube, Da. scrobe; groove framföre, S. anterior; before (some- for reception or concealment of an- thing). tenna. framkantsribba, S. costa-, the thick- F0ler, Da. antenna. ened anterior margin of a wing. F0ler med endestillet barste, Da. sty- framliv, S. thorax + head. late antenna. främre bakkantfält, S. 1st posterior F0ler med ryggstillet b0rste. Da. cell. aristate antenna. främre basfält, S. 1st basal cell. F0ler med stylus, Da. antenna with främre kanttvärribba, S. apical cross style. vein of an insect's wing. Forbryst, Da. usually refers to the främre tvärribba, S. anterior (or prothorax; occasionally means pro- fore) cross vein. sternum. främrebakkantsribba, S. subdorsal Forbrystets Bug, Da. prosternum. vein of an insect's wing. Forbrystets Haerde, Da. epistemum framreplât, S. episternum. of prothorax (error). Forbrystets Laend, Da. epimeron of framrygg, S. sometimes equivalent prothorax. to halsköld; pronotum. Forbrystets Ryg, Da. pronotum. framtill, S. anteriorly. forebukled, S. prosternum. framvinge, S. forewing. Forkaebe, Da. mandible. Fransen, G. fringes. förkrympt, S. dwarfed; underdeve- Freienwälder, G. open woods. loped. Freiland, G. open country; field in general, as referring to insects col- Ferryg, Da. pronotum; prothorax. lected in the field. F0rste Brystring, Da. prothorax. frein, F. hamuli, minute hooks on Forstyk, Da. prothorax. the margin of one of a pair of wings used to unite the two wings of a Fortarm, Da. foregut. pair in flight. fortil Haerden, Da. episternum. Frühjahrswanderläuse, G. migrantes (in aphids); spring migrant forms. Portsatz, G. process. Frynse, Da. fringe. Porvingetegning, Da. f orewing marking; pattern of forewing. Fühler, G. antenna. fot, S. tarsus. Fühlerborste, G. arista. Fühlerfächer 12 Gelenköffnung

Fühlerfächer, G. flabellum; flagel- Fühlerwurzel, G. antennal insertion; lum. base of antenna. Fühlerfurche, G. antennal furrow; Fuss, G. tarsus, scrobe. Fussglieder, G. tarsal joints or seg- Fühlergriffel, G. stylus on antenna. ments. Fühlergrube, G. antennal socket. Fussspitze, G. praetarsus. Fühlerhöcker, G. antennal tubercle. Fusswurzel, G. metatarsus. Fühlerkeule, G. clava; antennal club. fynduppglft, S. locality data (on a Fühlerschaft, G. scape of antenna. label).

Gabeladern, G. dichotomous wing Geäder, G. venation. veins. geblätterte, G. laminate; formed like Gabelung, G. furcation, especially of leaves. a wing vein. gebrochen, G. geniculate or elbowed. Gabelzelle, G. the cell in the wing gebuchtet, G. sinuous. enclosed by the prongs or branches of dichotomous veins. gefiedert, G. plumose Gabelzinken, G. prong of a dichoto- gefingert, G. with fingerlike pro- mous vein. cesses. gaffel, S. any fork. Gehwerkzeuge, G. locomotor organs. gaffel-hake, S. an apparatus to keep Geissei, G. flagellum of antenna; un- a fork in place, as on the venter of guis of antenna in aphids. springtails. gekämmt, G. pectinate. gaine, F. vagina, gekerbt, G. crenate; notched, in- gaine ovarique, F. germarium; ovar- dented. ian tubes; egg tubes. gekeult, G. clubbed. gallitsa, R. gall maker. geknickt, G. elbowed. gammada, R. stony place in the des- gekniet, G. elbowed; geniculate. ert. geknöpft, G. clubbed; capitate. gang, ¿f. gallery (Ipidae). gelbgesäumt, G. yellow edged; with Gangbeine, G. may refer to legs with yellow margin. hairy or feltlike soles on the feet, as in flies. Gelenk, G. joint. gângled, S. cardo of maxilla. Gelenkgrube, G. acetabulum. Gangvorter, Da. prolegs (hymenop- Gelenkhöhle, G. coxal cavity; anten- terous larvae). nal socket; a cavity for insertion of a part. Gast, G. sometimes used for inqui- Gelenkloch, G. socket (of antennae); line; i.e., an insect guest of other insects. hole for insertion (of a part); cavity (of coxae). Gat, Da. anus. Gelenköffnung, G. socket (of anten- Gatdaek, Da. pygidium. na); articulation opening; cavity for genal-tapp 13 golovchatyi

insertion (of a part, for example, gestielt, G. stalked. coxa). geteilte Augen, G. eyes separated by genal-tapp, S. sencillus. a chitin band. Genitalgriffel, G. paramere. gever, Du. donor (of the organism Genitalklappe, G. genital lobe or transmitted). valve. gewölbt, G. arcuate, arched; convex. Genitalplatte, G. in the $, the proc- gewricht. Du. jointed. tiger; in the $, the valves. gezahnt, G. dentate; toothed. genitalnyi klapan, R. epigynia; genital lobe or valve. gezähnte Fühler, G. dentate antenna. genomskinlig, S. from hyaline to gipo-, R. hypo-, semitransparent to translucent. gissel, S. flagellum; the whiplike geordnet, G. orderly, v\rell-arranged. part of the antenna. gerandet, G. margined; bordered; Glashaut, G. membrane. round-edged. gíaszczek szczçkowy, P. maxillary gereihte Skulptur, G. longitudinal palp. ridges. glattrandig (of claws), G. simple; geringelt, G. annular; ringed. i.e., not pectinate or toothed. gerückt, G. shifted, moved. glaz, R. oculus, eye. gesägt, G. serrate. glazchatye pyatna, R. circuli ocel- lati. Geschlechtmutter, G. sexupara in aphids; the generation of alate forms glazkovyi, R. ocellar. that produces the two sexes after glazkovyi treugolnik, R. ocellar migrating back to the primary host triangle. in the fall. glaznoi, R. ocular. Geschlechttier, G. sexupara in aphids. glazok, R. ocellus. geschuppte Fühler, G. antenna with inverted coneshaped segments, each glazovyi, R. ocular. inserted in the hollowed distal end of gleichartig gebildet, G. of equal size; the preceding segment. equally developed. Gesichtsaushölung, G. facial cavity, Gleitplatte, G. basal plate of empo- cavitas facialis; a hollowed-out place dium. on the face (in Diptera) = Stirnaus- Glochis, G. one of the wing veins in hölung. Heteroptera. geslacht. Du. genus, never species. glotka, R. pharynx. gesloten. Du. closed, as a cell in a Glowa, P. head. wing. gnilets, R. (European) foulbrood. gespalten, G. fissile or lamellate; dichotomous. gnus, R. a general term for any of the blood-sucking Diptera; i.e., taba- gestachelt, G. spiculate, that is, nids, culicids, simuliids, heleids. prickly or thorny. golen', R. tibia. Gestalt, G. general appearance, form, shape, but not body as such. golennoi, R. tibial. ■gestaltigkeit, G. -morphy. golova, R. head. Gestaltung, G. habitus. golovchatyi, R. capitate. golovnaya kapsula 14 gustoi golovnaya kapsula, R. head capsule. griffein, S. last two segments of an- golovnoi mozg, R. cerebral ganglion. tenna in thrips. golovnoi puzyr', R. ptilinum; liter- griffeltragende, G. stylate. ally, it is a cephalic bubble or gripfötter, S. prolegs adapted for blister. gripping, apex cleft with a semicir- cle of hooks only on the outer lobe. golovnoi shchit, R. cephalic plate. groef. Du. usually furrow, elongate golovnoi shchitok, R. clypeus. pit. golovogrud', R. cephalo-thorax. grop, S. any pit, whether round or golyi, R. nude, bare. elongate. gorb, R. gibba; a hump or protu- Grübchen, G. pit; dimple; shallow berance. round puncture; or just puncture. gördelpuppor, S. pupae with silk Grube, Da. pit, fovea. threads spun around the body and Grubenborste, G. sensory hair; fastened head up with venter toward trichobothrium. the support. Grubeneindruck, G. elongated hollow. gorgeret, F. the ovipositor strictly speaking; i.e., the internal valves of grubig, G. scrobiculate — having the the oviscapt. surface pitted, or covered with deep, gorlovina, R. gula. rounded depressions. gorlovoi, R. guiar. grubo, R. coarsely. gouttière, F. the ovipositor strictly grubyi, R, coarse. speaking; i.e., internal valves of the grud', R. usually thorax; sometimes oviscapt. refers only to the sternum or pectus. Grabbeine, G. pedes fossorii; legs grudka, R. sternum; pectus; some- adapted for digging. times used for sternite. grabel'ka, R. rastra; the row of setae grudnaya cheshuika, R. antisquama on or near the margin of the galea or (of wing). lacinia of insect maxillae; literally a rake. grudnoi, R. thoracic; sternal (in Acariña). granichnyi, R, bordering, limiting. granitsa, R. boundary. grudnoi uzel, R. thoracic ganglion. greben*, R. crista, comb, pectén. Grundglied, G. metatarsus; basal segment of tarsus. grebenchatyi, R. pectinate. grebeshok pigidiya, R. pygidial plate Grundquerstreif, G. see Wurzel- (coccids). querstreif. Greifzange, G. gonopods. Grundzelle, G. basal cell. greña, R. embryo; also means silk- gruppa, R. group. worm eggs. grzebyk przywargowy, P. paralabial griffe, F. claw. comb. Griffel, Da. stylus (thrips). gubnoi shchupik, R. labial palp. Griffeln, G. styli; parameres; also used for clasper or clasping organ gusenitsa, R. caterpillar. of $ genitalia. gustoi, R. dense. haar häutig

H haar, Du. hair. hâllhake, S. frenulum (in Lepidop- haarachtig, Du. hairlike, not hairy tera); jugum (on forewing). or shaggy. Hals, Da. neck, cervix (collum). Haarbinden, G. pubescent bands. Hals, G. collum. Haarbüschel, G. tuft of hairs. hals, S. collum. haard, Du. focus, or outbreak of in- Halsblase, G. vesícula. festation (error). Halskragen, G. collar. Haardusk, Da. tuft of hairs. halsplât, S. 1st segment of a lepi- Haarpinsel, G. tuft of hairs like an dopterous larva. artist's brush. Halsring, G. collar, especially in haczyki, P. hooks. Hemiptera. Haefteb0rste, Da. jugum. halsschild. Du. only used in Coleóp- Haefteklap (under the tarsus). Da. tera; then it means only pronotum. empodium, arolium, pulvillus. Halsschild, G. pronotum, especially Haeftelap, Da. arolium. when transverse. Haefteskive, Da. pulvillus in bees Halsschildrücken, G. disk of prono- (between the claws). tum. Haengsel, Da. cardo of an insect's halssköld, S. pronotum; cervical maxilla. plate, or shield. Haengselpunkt, Da. point of articul- halssköldens underside, S. inflexed pronotum. lation. Halterendeckel, G. squama of the Haftapparat, G. clasping organs. haltères in Diptera. häftapparat (on tarsus), S. arolium. Halte Vorrichtung (of hindwing), G. a Haftbeine, G. pedes copulatorii. holding device, such as the frenulum Haftborste, G. frenulum in Lepidop- in Lepidoptera. tera. Haltezange, G. paramere. häftdynor, S. claws (in thrips). Halvdaekvinger, Da. tegmina (error) ; Haftläppchen, G. appendages of the correctly, they are the hemelytra. claws; empodium (Díptera); arolium Hamskifte, Da. molt. (grasshoppers). hanche, F. coxa. haftorgan, S. claw (in thrips). hängpuppor, S. pupae hanging with Hage, Da. mentum. anal end fastened to a support. haka, S. mentum. haupt-, G. prefix meaning main or Hakenfortsatz, G. hypophysis. principal; sometimes primary. hakar, S. prolegs adapted for grip- Hauptader, G. the principal vein ping. from which the others branch. Halbdecken, G. hemelytra. Hauptfeld, G. corium; the "principal area" on the tegmina in Hemiptera. halbdurchscheinend, G. subhyaline. Haut, G. membrane. Haienok, Da. cercus. Häutchen, G. membrane. Halevedhaeng, Da. cercus (pl.: cerci). häutig, G. membranous. Häutung 16 H0reorgaii

Häutung, G. molt; the act of molt- Hinterleibsschilder, G. tergites. ing in insect larvae. Hinterleibsstiel, G. pedicel of abdo- hav, S. insect net for sweeping. men. Heftehager, Da. hamuli. Hinterrandzellen, G. cellulae pos- Heftelap (on a fly's foot), Da. pul- teriores. villus; in Diptera, the pad beneath Hinterrücken, G. metanotum. each tarsal claw. Hinterschildchen, G. postscutellum. Hefteskive, Da. onychium; empo- Hinterzelle, G. anal cell. dium. hinzukommende Ader, G. vena ad- helder, Du. bright; of color = vivid. ventiva. hell, G. of color, light. hjaerteformede Feit, Da. spatium Helm, G. galea of the maxilla. cordiforme; heartshaped area. Herd, G- focus; outbreak of insects, hjälpribba, S. costa; marginal vein. or disease; reservoir of the same. hjässa, 5. vertex, crown. hervorziehen, G. to draw out; to pro- hjässanspunktögon, S. ocelli. duce (into a point). Hj0rne, Da. corner. herzförmig, G. cordiform. hochgewölbt, G. strongly convex. Hinde, Da. membrane; also tympanal membrane. Hochzucht, G. selection inside a pure line; a pure culture of insects. hinfallen, G. may be used for "sink into synonymy." hoek, Du. corner or angle. Hinterader, G. anal vein in insect hoekig, Du. angular. wing. Hof, G. a prominent characteristic Hinterbein, G. hind leg. spot of spines, bristles, or hairs on the body surface (mostly on anten- Hinterbrust, G. metasternum; metathorax. nae and legs). höft, S. coxa. Hinterbrustplatte, G. pleuron of metathorax. Hefte, Da. coxa. Hinterbrustring, G. metathorax. Hoftegrube, Da. acetabulum. Hinterbruststück, G. metathorax; Hoftering, Da. trochanter. metapleuron. Hofteskaal, Da. acetabulum. hintere Hauptader, G. cubitus. höftpanna, S. coxal cavity. Hinterfeld, G. anal area. höftsgrop, S. coxal cavity. Hinterhacken, G. palpi genitalium or höjd, S. vertical height; long diam- forcipes interiores. eter. Hinterhaupt, G. occiput. holen, C. tibia. Hinterhauptsdreieck, G. occipital triangle; may refer to the cuneus in Honigröhr, G. cornicle, when elon- 0 donata. gate like a tube. Hinterkopf, G. occiput. Honigröhrchen, G. cornicle in aphids, when elongate. Hinterleib, G. abdomen, the 3d section of an insect's body. hopp-gaffel, S. jumping fork. Hinterleibsrücken, G. dorsum of ab- hopsnörd, 5Í. constricted. domen; tergite. H0reorgan, Da. auditory organ. horn 17 izgotovlenie horn, S. dorsal process on caudal hudömsning, S. molt. end of a lepidopterous larva; or any Hudskifte, Da. molt. similar structure. Hüftbein, G. coxa. Hornkämme, G. ctenidia ; horny comb or pectén. Hüftdorn, G. "coxal spine" of operculum. Hoved, Da. head. Hovedkapsel, Da. cranium; head Hüfte, G. coxa. capsule. Hüftpfanne, G. acetabulum. Hovedkapselns Forvaeg, Da. clypeus. Hülle, G. in coccids, a v^raxy coating Hovedskjold, Da. clypeus. on the body but not the scale. Humeraldorn, G. a spinelike process hfbetni, C. dorsal. on the proximal corners of the pro- hrbetni plat, C. tergite. notum. hrbetni pochva kladélka, C. dorsal or huvud, S. head. anal plate (of ovipositor). huvudart, S. species s. str.; the principal species without subspecies. hfebenity, C. pectinate. huvudskâl, S. cranium; i.e., vertex + hrud, C. thorax. occiput; head capsule. hudflik (on foot), S. arolium. Hylster, Da. sack; cocoon.

igol'chatyi, R. acicular; w^ith a nee- Innenstreif, G. sutural stripe of dle point. elytra. ingestoken, Du. stuck in; as though Innenzipfel, G. inner tip or point; in pricked with a pin. Notonecta, the tip of the membrane corresponding to clavus. ingewricht, Du. articulated. inre del av underläpp, S. submentum.. ingripa, S. catching or hooking (on- insluiten, Du. enclosed. to something). insnoering, Du. constriction. Innenfeld, G. clavus; or even the su- intrykt linie, S. any imprr'^sed line. tural membrane on the tegmina in Hemiptera. intrykt punkt, S. puncture ^i.^., J^- pressed dot). Innenlade, G. internal lobe of galea on maxilla. ischerchennost', R. striation. Innenlippe, G. hypopharynx. Isse, Da. vertex. izgib mediarnoi zhilki, R. elbow of Innenrand, G. in Lepidoptera, the median vein (= M-2 of Comstock). hindwing margin toward the abdomen; in Coleóptera, the sutural mar- izgotovlenie, R. microscope slide; gin of the elytra. preparation of an insect for study. jambe 18 khokhol J jambe, F. tibia. jçzyczek, P. glossa. jamka, C. pit; socket. Jochstück, G. jugum + lorum; may be used for lorum alone; sometimes jazycek, C. glossa. refers to parietal lobe; it literally jednoduchy, C. simple. means "yoke piece." jezioro, P. lake. joue, F. gêna.

k, R. to or toward; in titles of pa- kantplâten, S. epimera. pers = contribution to. kapiushon, R. hood; cowl. k sozhalenîiu, R. unfortunately. Kartonplättchen, G. cardpoints for Kaebe, Da. maxilla. mounting insects. Kaebef0ler, Da. maxillary palp. Kaurand, G. biting margin of man- Kaebepalpe, Da. maxillary palp. dible. kaemchatyi, R. flanged. Kauwerkzeuge, G. biting mouthparts. kaemka, R. flange. Kehle, G. gula; ventral side of head. kahl, G. glabrous; bare. Kehlplatte, G. buccula. Keil; Keilstück, G. cuneus; a wedge- kahnförmig, G. elongate-oval; boat- shaped or elongate-triangular piece. shaped. Keilstückchen, G. cuneoli (Hyme- kaîma, R. flange, border, edge. noptera). käk, S. either mandible or maxilla. Ketscher, G. an insect net for catch- käkpalp, S. maxillary palp. ing insects, usually by sweeping. Kamm, G. pectén, comb. Ketser, Da. insect net, especially for Kammborsten, G. rastral setae; the sweeping setae forming the "teeth" on a comb- Kettenstreifen, G. rows of granules. like structure. Keule, G. clava (of antenna); club. kammförmig, G. pectinate. keulenförmig, G. clávate. Kammzähne, G. a row of small khishchnichestvo, R. rapacity. pointed teeth along a margin. khobotok, R. beak, proboscis, ros- Kammzähnelung, G. pectination. trum, snout; used for the projecting kammzähnig, G. pectinate. mouthparts of insect groups, such as kanaal, Du. in entomology, it means aphids, flies. only a closed tubular duct. khod, R. gallery (made by insect kanselhâr, S. sensory hair. larvae); path of bot-fly larvae inside the host. kant, Du. edge in entomological descriptions; generally means surface, khodil'nyi, R. walking (as of legs). kant, S. margin or edge. khodovoi, R. valid (as of names); literally, "current." Kante, G. edge, not margin, khokhol, R. cirrus; a tuft or a crest kantfält, -S. marginal cell. of hairs, feathers. khoTOsho 19 kolennyi chlenih khorosho, R. well, readily. klasse, Du. class. khot'by, R. at least, even if. Klaue, G. claw of an insect's foot. khozyain, R. host of some insect. Klauenglied, G. praetarsus. Kiefer, G. paired mouthparts. klep. Du. valve; visor of a cap or Kiefertaster, G. maxillary palp. similar structure. kiel, Du. carina. kleshch, R. mites and ticks together. Acariña. kir, ß. carina, keel (some authors limit it to a carina higher at one kleshchik, R. mite. end), ridge. kletka, R. cell (of wing); one of the kin, Du. ancient term for men turn. meshes of a network. kinbakke, Dii. mentum. kletochka, R. cell of an insect's wing. kind, S. the piece between the eye Klo, Da. claw. and the exit place of the beak; gena. klo, S. claw. Kindbakke, Da. mandible. Klubbef0ler, Da. clávate or club- Kindplader, Da. lorae in fulgorids. shaped antenna. Kinn, G. mentum in Coleóptera. Knaeb0jetf0ler, Da. geniculate or elbowed antenna. kinzhalovidnyi, R. daggerlike. Knae, Da. genu or knee. Kirtel, Da. gland. Knie, G. genu or knee. kishechnik, R. intestine. knöl, S. tubercle; a protuberance, kislotnaya zheleza, R. acid (i.e., poi- knop. Du. bud of a tree or flower; son) gland. knob; a budshaped process. kistevidnyi, R. penicillate, brushlike. knopachtig, Du. like a bud or like a Kitinring, Da. segment of an insect's knob. body, antenna, or palp. knopfförmig, G. condyloid; button- Kjaevef0ler, Da. maxillary palp, shaped; short and compact. klaar. Du. pure (of color); clear knopfig, G. clávate; provided with a (water, or eyes). button; might be used to mean cap- kladelko, C. ovipositor. itate, klaff, S. valve (of ovipositor); flap knopig. Du. capitate. (not the same as lobe). kogotkovyi pal'chik, R. claw digitule. Klamrefod, Da. tarsus with hooks kogot', R. claw, the usual term for only on the outer margin, their this structure in insects, usually on hooked tips turned in. the tarsi, sometimes elsewhere. Klap, Da. flap, lobe, valve (as of an kogti, R. ungues, claws, pincers. ovipositor). Kokon, Da. cocoon. klapan, R. valve, lobe. köl, S. carina; keel. klapany polovogo otverstiya, R. kolbig, G. intermediate between valves of genital opening. clávate and capitate. klapka kladelka, C. ventral plate of kolec, P. spine, chaeta. ovipositor. kolechki, R. anelli of antenna, Klappe, G. usually valve, may be used for lobe, flap. kolennyi chlenik, R. genu, knee. kolf 20 Kreis

kolf, Du. long-necked flask; atom- körnigpunktiert, G. with raised dots izer. over all the surface. kolka, R. a birch island in the steppes; Körper, G. body in general. a place cut out (of steppe or forest) Körpergliederung, G. body segmen- for cultivation; a clearing (in a tation. forest) usually made artificially. Körperrückseite, G. tergum, dorsum. K0lle, Da. club. körtel, S, gland. Kollef0ler, Da. clávate or clubshaped antenna. Koshenie, R. sweeping (with a net) to collect insects. K0llelignende Organ, Da. halter or hindwing in Diptera. kosmaty, C. hairy. kol'tso, R. ring; occasionally used kozhnye pokrovy, R. cutícula. for segments (of body of insects). kozyrek proterosoma, R. rostrum komar, R. the usual term for mosquito, (Acariña). i.e., culicids; not used for other Dip- kraevoi, R. marginal. tera by most Russian specialists. kräftig, G. powerful; strong; of kombinirovanie, R. combination; also color, deep. used for hybrid in case of crosses. Kragen, G. a ringlike narrowing of konechnyi, R. apical, terminal. the distal prothorax, or of the distal konets, R. usually used for apex, or pronotal margin; coUum. distal end. krai, R. margin (in taxonomy) ; land konnektiv', R. connexiva. or country (in geography). k0nsmodent dyr, Da. adult; imago. krai kryla ot apex k tornus, R. ter- men; i.e., margin of wing from apex konstatera, S. establish. to tornus. kontrolieren, G. to supervise, to check, krai kryla ot basis k apex, R. costa; as a check is made of results; trans- i.e., margin of wing from base to lated "control" in case of "control" apex. experiments; or to refer to the con- trols in series of experiments. krai kryla ot tornus k basis, R. dorsum; i.e., margin of wing from tor- kopatePnyi, R. digging, as of legs in nus to base. certain insects. krajna zilka, C. costa. Kopf, G. head; cephalon. Kopfgipfel, G. fastigium. Kralle, G. claw, úngula, dactyl. Krallenborsten, G. empodial hairs. Kopfkamm, G. cephalic comb. Krallenglied, G. praetarsus. Kopfkapsel, G. head capsule; cephalic capsule. krans, S. crown; circle (of spines, Kopfsehild, G. clypeus + clypeolus in hairs). Heteroptera; facial sclerite; the usual Kransfod, Da. with hooks on the term for clypeus. whole margin, the hooked tips turned kop (ulatorni) kleste, C. copulatory out. claspers. kransfötter, Sí. prolegs with a circle kopulyativnyi organ, R. penis. of hooks on the apex; wreathed prolegs. Körbchen, G. fossa tibiae; corbicula. Kreis, G. circle; may be used to re- Kern, G. granule. fer to life cycle; usually a geograph- kriuk 21 Larveham

ic term corresponding to "county" krylovaya plastinka, R. wing proper. or "township." krylyshko, R. alula. kriuk, R. crochet, hooklet. krytka, C. tegula. krocherepichatyi, R. imbricated. kubyshka, R. egg pod of a grass- Krog, Da. hook, crochet. hopper; ootheca. kropp, S. the whole body, including kukolka, R. pupa, very rarely used the head. for cocoon. kroppsbetäckning, S. integument. kumyr, R. a bot disease of camels; Kropvaeg, Da. pleuron. the bot causing this disease. krouzky, C. annelli; rings. kurtina, R. a "belt" of trees, shelter belt. krupnyi, R. large. Kurv, Da. corbicula. kruzhkovidnye pyatna, R. circuli. kurz gebaut, G. short. kruzhok, R. disk, circle, planchet, round plate. kusadlo, C. mandible. krylatye, R. alatae. kweeken, Du. to rear insects. kweeker. Du. grower; raiser; culture; krylo, R. wing. a rearing or the rearer of insects. krylovaya cheshuika, R. alar squa- kycla, C. coxa. ma; squama. kyl, C. carina. krylovaya kryshechka, R. tegula. kyvadelka, C. halter, 2d pair of krylovaya kryshka, R. tegula. wings in Diptera.

Laar, Da. femur. Längsadern, G. longitudinal veins as opposed to cross veins in the wing. Lade, G. lobe of maxilla (galea + lacinia). Längskanten, G. longitudinal ridges. Laebepalpe, Da. labial palp. Längsrippen, G. longitudinal ridges. Laeg, Da. tibia. Längsstriemen, G. vitta. Laeggebrod, Da. ovipositor, consists languette, F. ligula. of three pieces plus two so-called Lap, Da. lobe. "sting sheaths." lap pa förvinge, -S. jugum. Laengdestamme, Da. connective. lapka, R. tarsus in insects. Lage, G. situation; deposit, condi- lapkovoi. R. tarsal. tion; this is a word whose exact meaning is usually determined by läppalp, S. labial palp. the context. lâr, S. femur. lame externe, F. digitus of lacinia. lârben, S. femur. iancettformigt fait, S. humeral cell lârled, S. femur. in wing of Hymenoptera. •ängdfara, S. longitudinal groove. lârring, S. trochanter. langue, F. glossa. Larveham, Da. larval skin. larvstadiet 22 lopatochnyi larvstadiet, S. instar. Liste, Da. molding, strip, selvage, Laufbeine, G. pedes cursorii. list. listewka, P. ridge, list, border, ledge, lebhaft, G. of color, bright. flange. leckende Mundteile, G. mouthparts listovidnyi, R. leaflike. of bees. listwa, P. ridge, list, border, ledge, Leder, G. corium on tegmen of flange. Hymenoptera. litsevoi dugovidnyi shov, R. fronto- Ledforbindelse, Da. articulation. orbital or facial suture (Diptera). Ledhud, Da. articular membrane. litsevoi kil', R. facial carina. Ledorme, Da. earthworms. litsevoi shov, R. facial suture. Legeröhre, G. ovipositor. litsevoi valik, R. facialium (Dip- Legescheide, G. saw case; ovipositor tera); vibrissal ridge. as a whole. litso, R. face, fronto-clypeus (Dip- Legestachel, G. ovipositor proper; tera); facies; praefrons; also used i.e., the inner valves of the ovipositor for person. sheath. litso sobstvenno, R. face proper, Leggebrodd, Da. ovipositor. lob, R. the usual Russian word for Leiste, G. carina, ridge, list; a raised front or frons; not used for head by border. Russian specialists. lei. Du. a flabby hanging lobe, like lob, S. lobe. wattles on a turkey. lobe externe, F. external lobe. Leuchtfleck, G. phosphorescent spot lobe interne, F. internal lobe. on fireflies. lobnaya polosa, R. frontal vitta; lèvre, F. labium. frontalia. lice, C. cheek; gena. lobnoe rebro, R. frontal ridge. lichaam, Du. body in general. lobnye shchetinki, R. frontal bristles. lichinka, R. larva in general; mag- lobnyi shov, R. frontal suture. got of a fly. Loch, G. cavity, socket, hole, fora- lid, Du. joint; segment. men, lijf. Du. body in general. lodochka, R. egg raft- linea, S. a measure of length. Loffel, G. cochlea tibiae. lin je, S. line. loketni pole, C. cubital cell, lin'ka, R. molt, ecdysis. loketni zilka, C, cubitus. linochnaya, R. molted (adj. form). loktevaya zhilka, R. cubitalis. linya, R. molting. lopast', R. lobe; valve, such as the "valves" of an ovipositor; blade of linyat', R. to molt; to cast (i.e., a leaf. shed) the skin. lopatka, R. humérus; shoulder; scap- lirovidnyi organ, R. pseudoarticula- ula (i.e., in Hymenoptera -■ parap- tion (Acariña). sides). list, JS. ridge, keel, border; never lopatochka, R. spatula, little shovel, margin; literally "a raised stripe." lopatochnyi, R. spatular; shovel- lista, C. carina. shaped, lozhnaya noga ; Mittelbrust lozhnaya noga, R. pes spurius. Luftloch, G. spiracle; breathing ori- lozhnaya sredinnaya zhilka, R. vena fice. spuria media. luktorgan, S. primary rhinaria in aphids. lozhnogolova, R. pseudocephalon. lunka, R. lunule (in Diptera). lozhnokokon, R. puparium. lyashki, R. coxae, might refer to lozhnyi, R. spurious, pseudo-. femur. luchevaya zhilka, R. radialis. Lydorgan, Da. sound organ.

M mâchoire, F. maxilla, Mellembryst, Da. mesothorax; might Maddiker, Da. maggots. refer to mesosternum (in older papers especially). makadlo, C. palpus. Mellembrystets Bug, Da. mesoster- Makel, G. with special reference to num. the elements of marking on the forewing; spot or mark. Mellembukled, Da. mesosternum. malanders, R. = mokrets, which see. Mellemkrop, Da. thorax. massenhaft, G. in large swarms. Mellemlaengelist, Da. median keel. Massenwechsel, G. literally, "mass al- Mellemryg, Da. mesonotum. ternation" (of host by aphids); used iMembranzelle, G. discoidal cell. for mass migration (of aphids). nesadenies, F. glands derived from massue, F. club (of antenna). the mesoderm; accessory glands of mat, F. dull, not shining. testes. matka, R. vagina, the widened un- meshok, R. sac (as egg sac of coc- paired oviduct: queenbee. cids). matt, S. dull. mesosköld, S. disk of mesonotum. mazok, R. marking. mezhpolovoi, R. intragenital. mehrgipfelig, G. with several peaks Midtkaebe, Da. maxillae (in beak). (of a curve on a graph). Midtkaebef0ler, Da. maxillary palp. mehrweniger, G. more or less. Midtliste, Da. median carina. mellanbröst, S. mesosternum; meso- Midttarm, Da. midgut. scutum. Minuten-nädelchen, G. micro pins mellanbröstets sidoplâtar, S. meso- (used for mounting small insects). thoracic epimerum and episternum. misst im Lichten, G. measured in the mellankäkar, S. maxillae. clear. mellinkropp, S. thorax. mit grauer Haarzeichung, G. with mellankropsrygg, S. scutum (espe- scattered patches of greyish-white cially in Diptera). pubescence. mellanrum, S. interstria (in Cole- mittel Beinpaar, G. middle legs. óptera); interspace. Mittelbein, G. middle leg. œellanrygg, S. mesonotum, scutum (in Diptera). Mittelbrust, G. mesosternum. Mittelbrustbein 24 nacke

Mittelbrustbein, G. mesosternum. mollplatten, G. said of the bottom of an insect box. Mittelbrustgabel, G. mesothoracic fork; furcula. moshka, R. blackfly (species in Sim- uliidae)—only this usage by simu- Mittelbrustplatte, G. mesopleura. liid specialists in Russia. Mittelbrusistück, G. mesopleuron; mesothorax. moskit, R. species of Phlebotomus or Heleidae, not mosquitoes; used to re- Mittelfeld, G. central area of the fer to Heleidae by nonspecialists; yiing; discoidal area or field in noc- used only for Phlebotomus by spe- cuid wing. cialists. Mittellappen des Rückens, G. in Hy- most, R. bridge. menoptera, the central main part of mesonotum anterior to scutellum. mousse, F. rounded. Mittelleib, G. whole thorax with ap- mozg, R. ganglion. pendages; stethidium. Mumie, G. free pupa. Mittelrücken, G. mesonotum; scutum Mumienpuppe, G. free pupa. in Hymenoptera and Diptera. mun, 5. mouth; oral cavity. Mittelschatten, G. indistinct dark Mundâbning, Da. mouth opening. streak in noctuid wing athwart the discoidal area. Munddele, Da. mouthparts. Mittelsegment, G. mediary segment; Mundknopf, G. oral condyle. propodeum. Mundlemmer, Da. maxillae in thrips. Mittelzelle, G. medial cell in wing, Mundplade, Da. clypeus. mittparti, S. sternum (in some Mundskjold, Da. clypeus. cases). Mundstachel, G. left mandible in mittribba,

N na, R. usually on or upon; xzsea in nach oben, G. dorsad. comparisons of size as "na fut ko- nach unten, G. ventrad. roche" = shorter by a foot. nach vorn, G. cephalad. naar achteren, Du. directed caudad or (on leg hairs) apicad; always in- nachal'nyi, R. initial, original, pri- dicates direction. mary. nach hinten, G. caudad. nacke, 5. occiput; vertex. Nacken 25 nizhnii ugol

Nacken, G. cervix. Nebenauge, G. ocellus. nackgrop, S. occipital foramen. Nebengesicht, G. parafacialia (Dip- tera); the part of the face between nad-, R. epi-, super-; above or over. the facial ridges and the eyes. nadelrissig, G. of a chinky sculpture. Nebenzungen, G. paraglossae. nadgçbie, P. epipharynx. nedan, S. underneath. nadglazkovyi, R. superocellar. nedi, 5f. underneath. nadglotka, R. epipharynx. nemnogo ne, R. very nearly. nadglotochnyi ganglii, R. supra- neparnyi, R. unpaired, odd. esophageal ganglion. nepodvizhnoi, R. immovable. nadkrylovye shchetinki, R. supra- alar bristles (in Diptera). nepolnaya kukolka, R. incomplete cocoon (the "incompletae" of Lepidop- nadrotovoi shchitok, R. clypeus. tera). nadsemeistvo, R. superfamily. Nerv, G. vein in an insect's wing. nadustek, P. clypeus. Nervenversorgung, G. innervation. Nahtrand, G. suturai margin. netochno . . . noi, R. not only . . . but Nahtstreif, G. sutural stripe. also. Nahtzelle, G. sutural cell. Netzauge, G. compound eye. naimen'shyaya shirina, R. narrowest niemals auch nur, G. nothing but. part. Nierenmakel, G. kidneyshaped spot nakalyvat', R. mount (on pins). nearly in the middle of the wing (in Nakkehulle, Da. cervical opening. Lepidoptera). naksköld, S. occipital sclerite; cervi- nit', R. filament. cal plate. nitevidnye usiki, R. filiform anten- nalegat', R. to overlap, to lie upon. nae. nalichnik, R. clypeus; facies, prae- nitka, C. funicle of antenna. frons of Diptera. nityanyi, R. filament. nalobnik, R. irons. nizhnecheliust', R. maxilla. napadenie, R. attack, bite of a fly, nizhnecheliustnye shchupiki, R. max- sting of a bee. illary palps. napivshiecya, R. (which is) fer- tilized. nizhneguba, R. labium. nárt, C. metatarsus. nizhnegubnaya zheleza, R. labial gland. naruzhnaya lopast', R. mala externa; outer lobe. nizhnegubnye shchupiki, R. labial naruzhnyi, R. outer, external. palps. naruzhnye parazity, R. ectoparasites. nizhnii naruzhnyi kil' bedra, R. ventral outer keel of femur. n^rzad pierscieniowy, P. ring organ. nizhnii, R. ventral; lower; posterior nasada, P. base. in some cases. násadee tykadla, C. scape of anten- nizhnii ugol krylovogo treugolnika, R. na. tomus (the hind or anal angle in the neben-, G. secondary; para-. wing in Lepidoptera). nizhnyaya chast' 26 opylyat' nizhnyaya chast' clypeus, R. post- nosok, R. a beakshaped process. clypeus. nozhka, R. stalk (of egg); leg. nizhnyaya kolennaya lopast', R. ventral genicular lobe. nozhny yaitseklada, R. sheath of ovipositor. nizhnyaya plastinka, R. steinite; ventral plate. nózka, P. leg. nizhnyaya stvorka yaitseklada, R. ventral valve of ovipositor. Nymph, Da. larva. noga, R. foot; leg. nymphe, F. pupa or nymph.

oäkta längsribba, S. vena spuria or öga, S. eye. false longitudinal vein. ohne ausschnitt, G. not emarginate. obere Seitenbrustteile, G. epimeres. 0je, Da. eye. Oberflügel, G. elytron; upper w'mg. 0jefacetter, Da. ommatidia. Oberklappe, G. cauda, 0jerande, Da. orbit; margin of the Oberschenkel, G. femur. eye. oblast', R. region (of an insect's okaimlennyi, R. marginated, flanged. wing); geographical subdivision. oko; oczy, P. eye; eyes. oblicej, C. face. okruh perianálnich zláz voskovych, C. obobshchat', R. to have in common, circumanal pore ring. to share. okuklenie, R. pupation. obodok, R. rim; connexivium (of ab- okuklivanie, R. pupation. domen). okuklyat'sya, R. to pupate. obolochka, R. cuticula; pod; case; covering, omsa hud, S. to molt; to cast the skin. obrublennyi, R. truncate. ömsming, S. a molt. obshchii shov, R. commissure. onderbuik. Du. venter of abdomen. obshchii yaitsevod, R. oviductus com- munis. ongle, F. claw. obychno, R. usually. oothèque, F. roach egg enclosed in an egg case. ochag, R. focus (of a disease, or infestation); outbreak (of a disease, or opaque, F. opaque; can also mean of insects); reservoir (of a disease). dull, not shining. ocko, C. ocellus. opavshii, R. fallen (as of leaves), ocni okraj, C. orbits. oplodotvorenie, R. fertilization of the $ by the $ insect. ocni vykrojek, C. emargination of opornaya plastinka, R. supporting eye. {or bearing) plate. odbytowy, P. anal. opushennyi, R. covered with short odin, R. one, a certain; plural forms hairs. used to mean one pair, some. opylivat', R. to dust (plants). odnoitremya, R. unilocular. opylyat', R. to pollinate. organ slukha 27 Pandefelt organ slukha, R. tympanum. ottisk, R. a separate; a reprint of osnovanie, R. base. an article. osnovaternitsa, R. fundatrix (in ottyanutyi, R. drawn out, produced. aphids); stem mother. otverstie, R. opening; pore; ostium; osnovnoi chlenik cheliusti, R. cardo foramen. (of maxilla). otwór gçbowy, P. peristoma. osnovnoi chlenik usikoy, R. scape (of otwór patyliczy, P. occipital fora- antennae). men. osnovnye shchetinki, R. basal bris- ovanför. S. above. tles (= marginal scutellar bristles of Comstock) in Diptera. ovantill, S. dorsad; upwards (mostly a topographical term). ostruha, C. spur. overbrenger, Du. transmitter. ot, R. "by" an author; usually means överkäke, S. mandible. from. otkladyvat*, R. to deposit; the usual Overkjeve, Da. upper jaw, mandible. Russian term for oviposit (used with Overlaebe, Da. movable plate or "yaitso"). flap; labrum. otmiranie, R. death. överläpp, S. labrum. otmirat', R. to die. översida, S. dorsal aspect. otpugivat', R. to repel, to scare off. ovingad hona, S. áptera. otrodivshiesya, R. being hatched, being born, emerging (from a pupa). oviscapte, F. ovipositor and sheath. otrostok, R. process. 0vre och nedre Analvedhaeng, Da. otrozhdat', R. to give birth to (as in dorsal and ventral anal plates. live-bearing insects). ozdoba, C. pattern, marking. otrozhdenie, R. emergence (from ozdorablivat', R. to clean up (a focus egg, cocoon). of disease, an infestation of insects) ; otryad, R. the usual term for Order to make sanitary; to improve sani- (of insects) ; also used for group. tation.

Pa buken belägna, S. ventral. Palpalstamme, Da. base or basal segment of labial palp. Pâ ryggen belägna, S. dorsal. Palpebaerende Stykke, Da. palpiger; Pâ sin höjd, S. at most. palpbearer. pachka, R. raft (of eggs); parcel, palpbärande utskott, S. palpiger; batch (of eggs), palpbearer. pal'chik, R. digitule (in coccids). paipbärare, S. palpiger; palpbearer. palets, R. process; digit (in mites). Palpeflig, Da. galea, external lobe. palicka, C. pestle; small club; may be used for the capitulum of the Pande, Da. front, frons. halter. Pandefelt, Da. frontal area, or fron- palochkovidnyi, R. rodlike. tal field in Hymenoptera. Pandefure 28 perlschnurartig

Pandefure, Da. frontal furrow. penistragende Sklerite, G. theca (so- used by Zimin). Pandegrube, Da. vertexal pit (Or- thoptera). pered, R. before, in front of. Pandehom, Da. frontal process; peredne-, R. front, anterior, fore-, might refer to antenna or to a "horn" pro-. on the frons. i perednebochki, R. propleurae. Pandelist, Da. frontal ridge. perednechast' tela, R. anterior part Pande0je, Da. frontal or median of the body; pro-, meso-, and meta- ocellus. nota. panna, S. front; frons. perednegrud', R. prothorax. panngrop, S. vertexal pit (in Orthop- perednegrudka, R. prosternum. tera). perednegrudnyi shchit, R. pronotum. pannkil, S. clypeus (in Hemiptera) perednekrainyaya zhilka, R. costalis. when narrow and sunken in. perednenalichnik, R. anteclypeus. pannlist, S. frontal ridge. peredneshchitkovaya, R. antescutal. pannspröten, S. antennae. perednespinka, R. pronotum. pannstrimma, »5. frontal vitta. perednii, R. anterior. panntuberkel, S. antennal tubercle. parning, S. copulating. perednii otdel mozga, R. protocere- brum. parnye yaitsevody, R. oviductus. perednii shchitok perednespinki, R. parnyi, R. paired, even. proscutum. Parringslem, Da. penis. perekreshchivaiushchiisya, R. cru- Parringsorgan, Da. the aedeagus con- ciate, intersecting. sisting of penis and usually two para- perekrestnyi, R. hybrid (adj.). meres. pereletnaya sarancha, R. migratory Parringsredskab, Da. penis. locust. Parringstang, Da. clasper. peremychka, R. bridge; connecting Pauke, G. tympanum( rare). piece. pautinnaya zheleza, R. sericterium; perenoschik, R. transmitter, carrier. silk-producing gland. pererabotka, R. revision, treatment pazukha, R. axil (of a leaf); in the (of a subject). midst of; usually refers to something peresekentsy, R. migrants (in as being in a depression or at the aphids). base of something else. pereselenie, R. migration, introduc- pazurka, P. claw. tion. pchelosemei, R. swarm of bees. peretyazhka, R. constriction. pçcherzyk szczçkowy, P. vesicle of perevyaz', R. belt, or band. maxilla. peristyi, R. with bi- or uni-laterally pçcherzyk wargowy, P. vesicle of la- situated hairs; plumate. bium. Perlesnorf0ler, Da. moniliform an- pçdzelka, P. brush. tenna. peitschenförmig, G. a long thin flex- perlschnurartig (of antennae), G. ible organ with a thicker stalk. moniliform. pervyi chlenik usika 29 podgorlovaya plastinka } pervyi chlenik usika, R. scape. plat srodkowy, P. median plate. Pfanne, G. socket; cavity. Platte, G. plate, lamella, tongue. Pfeilfleck, G. "arrow-spot" on noc- plechevaya poperechnaya zhilka, R. tuid wing; the strong teeth or point- humeral cross vein. ed edging of the wavy line there. Plechevoi bugorok, R. humeral cal- Pflanzenschutz, G. literally = plant lus. protection; used in Germany to mean Plechevye shchetinki, R. humeral Plant Quarantine plus Plant Hus- bristles. bandry. plemienie, P. tribe. Pflanzenschutzzeugnis, G. Phyto- sanitary Certificate. pletten. Du. to flatten by using pres- sure; to press down. pfriemenförmig, G. awl- or bodkin- shaped; subulate; an exceedingly thin pleural, G. lying between spinal and elongated cane gently curved for all marginal (rows of setae in aphids). its length. Pleuralgelenk, G. subcoxa. phanères, F. anything projecting plosky, C. areae; areolae. from the surface of the tegument, plytka, P. plate; lamina; sclerite. such as poils barbeles, poil adhesive, écailles. plytka czolowa, P. front plate; frons. pièce basilaire, F. (of maxilla) = plytka podbrodkowa, P. submentum. cardo. plytka policzkowa, P. genal plate; pièce sous maxillaire, F. (of max- gena. illa) = cardo. plytka potyliczna, P. occipital plate. pied, F. foot. plj/tki przywargowe, P. laminae par- Pig, Da. spine, barb, prickle. alabiales. Pigb0rste, Da. spiny seta. po, R. usually means along, on; may mean each, or be the sign of the pikhta, R. Abies piceae- Panzer ( = direct object or the subject of a pas- PiniLs piceae); fir, not spruce; may sive verb; uped for "according to" be used generally to mean "ever- in "according to Uvarov." green tree." po odnoi, R. singly, by ones, one piPchato, R. serrately. each. pil'chatyi, R. serrate. pochka, R. gall, bud, gemma, nodule. pilka, C. saw. pochva kladelka, C. dorsal or anal plaat, Du. any plate or sclerite. plate of ovipositor. plaatje, Du. diminutive form of pod-, R. hypo-, sub-. plaat. podborodok, R. mentum of proboscis plamka, C. pterostigma. of flies. plamková pole, C. radial cell. podgçbie, P. hypopharynx. Planteaedende, Da. phytophagous. podglotochnik, R. hypopharynx. plastinchatyi, R. lamellate. podglotochnyi uzel, R. subesophageal plastinka, R. plate, sclerite, lamella; ganglion. blade of a leaf. plastinka skutuma, R. scutellum. podglotka, R. hypopharynx. podgorlovaya plastinka, R. gula. plat, C. plate. podkoTa 30 pred-

podkoTa, R. horseshoe (used to de- polost', R. hollow, cavity, chamber, scribe shape of circle of hooks). sinus. podkraevaya zhilka, R. subcostalis. polovaya faza, R. adult. podoshva, R. planta, sole; bottom of polovaya kleshnya, R clasper. an insect's "foot." polovoe otverstie, R. genital open- podpodborodok, R. submentum. ing; gonopore. podrodzina, P. subfamily. polovoi, R. sexual, sex-. podsemeistvo, R. subfamily. polovoi shchit, R. genital plate. podstawka, P. base; footstalk. polovoi shchitok, R. genital plate. podtalkivatel', R. parapodia (Díp- polstáfek, C. arolium. tera). poot. Du. leg, never foot in entomol- podushechka, R. pulvillus of tarsi; ogy. disk or bulb of ovipositor; arolium of poperechnaya plastinka, R. trans- claw in bees; usually refers to a pad verse plate. on any part of an insect's leg, generally the tarsi, except between the poperechnyi, R. transverse. claws. :. ' 111 por, S. a small opening only. podushka, R. pulvillus. pora, R. pore, referring only to an podvizhnoi, R. movable. opening on the surface of an insect's body; also refers to time, season. poil adhésif, F. adhesive hair. porazhenie, R. attack, infestation, poils barbelés, F. barbed hairs. disease (rare). pokhod, R. locomotion. po-raznomu, R. in different ways. pokrov, R. covering. Pore, G. indented punctation as pole, C. area, field (of a wing); also though pricked with a pin, without used for cell of a wing. hairs; foramen; pit; pore. pole, R. cell, field (of wing, usually Porenflecken, G. a spotted effect the latter); if on metanotum in Hy- caused by crowded, colored pores; menoptera = area, not margin in pore spots. entomology. Porenlamella, G. pore plate (in polezashchitnaya pelosa, R. shelter aphids). belt (of trees) planted to protect the Porenpunkte, G. dotlike pits. fields in agricultural areas. postavlyat', R. to pose a question. policko, C. this is the usual term for "cell in an insect's wing;" it may be Posttergit, G. postnotum. used to mean area, areola, or even po-svoemy, R. arbitrarily. field of an insect's wing. poverkhnost*, R. surface. polnotsennyi, R. full-value, high- povorotnyi chlenik usikov, R. pedi- quality, valid (of species name). cellus. polnotsiklyi, R. holocyclic (of life pozadi, R. behind. history). pre-, R. suffix meaning pre-, sur-, polnaya kukolka, R. pupa obtecta. over. polo-, R. combining form (prefix) prebasilaire (pièce), F. submentum. meaning half- or sex-. pred-, R. prefix meaning pre-, front-, polonoska, R. sexupara (in aphids). fore-, ante-. preddver' 31 przedodbytowy

preddver*, R. vestibulum. pridatok analnoi doli peredniego kryla, predglazkovyi, R. preocellar. R. jugum, in Lepidoptera. prfidgrudnoi shchit, R. prothoracic pridatok kopulyativnogo organa, R. plate. aedeagus. predkraevoi, R. submarginal. pridatok sumki, R. appendix bursae. predkrylovoi, R. prealar. pfikycia, C. trochanter. predkrylovye shchetinki, R. prealar prilegat', R. to be recumbent, ap- bristles. pressed (as of hairs). predlapkoYoi, R. pretarsal. prisoska, R. pulvillus in Díptera; empodium or pulvillus in Orthoptera; Pfedohrud, C. prothorax. empodium or arolium in Blattidae; predosnovnoi, R. prebasal. sucker in dipterous larva; caruncle in mites. predosnovye shchetinki, R. prebasal bristles. prisoska mezhdu kogotkami, R. empodium. predozádí, C. pronotum. prisoskovoi, R. pulvillar. predpolovaya, R. antegenitalis. prizhat', R, to be recumbent, ap- predshchitkovaya shchetinka, R. pre- pressed (as of hairs). scutellar bristle. processus terminalis, S. unguis predshovnye shchetinki, R. presu- (aphids). tural bristles. prokhodit', R. to insert (as anten- predshovnyi, R. presutural. nae). predtemennye shchetinki, R. antever- promezhutochnyi, R. metastemal tical bristles. (Acariña), intermediate. predvlagalishchnaya, R. antevaginal. promezhutochnyi segment, R. propo- predzheludok, R. forestomach but not deum. the proventriculus; it is the fore- promezhutochnyi shchit, R. para- intestine of Comstock. gynia. pregenitale, F. visceral. promezhutok, R. interval; interspace; préparât, R. preparation; entomolog- interstitium (elytron of Coleóptera), ical slide-mount; i.e., slide. prostoi, R. simple. preparatglas, S. glass slide. prostoi glaz, R. ocellus. preparatteckglas, S. cover glass or protok semyapriemnika, R. ductus cover slide. receptaculi. preparing, S, slide mount. protok sumki, R. ductus bursae. prevrashchenie, R. metamorphosis, transformation. pryadil'naya zheleza, R. sericterium; silk-producing gland. Pri, R. suffix usually meaning para-, never pre-; as a preposition it may pryadil'nyi sosok, R. spinneret or mean, in the presence of, by reason fusulus. of, in the time of. pryamaya kishka, R. rectum. prichlenie, R. articulation. prygatel'nyi, R. jumping, saltatory. pridatochnaya zheleza, R. Filippi's gland; accessory gland. przedni, P. anterior. pridatok, R. appendage. przedodbytowy, P. preanal. przedzuwaczka 32 Randader przedzuwaczka, P. tormae. Punkt0je, Da. ocellus. przyjçzyczek, P. paraglossa. Punktstribe, Da. punctate stria, przywargowy, P. paralabial. punt. Du. dot or pit; impossible to know which is meant. ptenets, R. nestling (of birds). Puppe, Da. pupa. puchok, R. tuft, cluster, (as of hairs and the like). Puppe, G. chrysalis; pupa. Pudseapparat, Da. pollen basket. Puppegemme, Da. cocoon, Pudseredskab, Da. pollen basket. pushistost', R. pubescence. Punkt, G. usually means puncture; pushok, R. pubescence, tomentum, sometimes used for a dotlike spot. flocculence. punkt, S. point, dot, or puncture; pustoi, R. sterile, unfertile. also a pigment spot. Putzfiisse, G. pedamina of some Punktaugen, G. ocelli. Lepidoptera. Punktgrube, G. puncture. puzyrchatost', R. ptilinum. punktiert, G. a sculpture consisting puzyrek, R. vesicle. of dots—^punctate; either with raised pyatka, R. metatarsus; in blackflies, dots all over the surface or indented used for "calcipala" when on the 1st dots. tarsal segment; when on gonoster- num, it means "little heel" or small Punktierung, G. punctation; may heellike process. only mean dotting or stippling. punktirovka, R. punctation; may pyatno, R. spot; macula. only mean dotting or stippling. pyskove makadlo, C. labial palp.

Querstreif forms the boundary be- Quaste, G. fimbria. tween latero-marginal and median fields; the inner Querstreif separates Querader, G. cross vein. the latter from the basal area. quergerippt, G. crenulated. Quemerv, G. cross vein. Querstrich, G. mesocorium; transverse stripe. Querstreifen, G. cross striae, part of noctuid wing marking; the outer queue, F. cauda.

Radialader, G. cubital vein in Hemip- rand, Du. border, not edge; margin. tera. Rand, G. margin or border; not edge Raife, G. cerci. (apparently used by H. Haupt for rama, R. framework; sometimes used edge); usually a margin, like the for apódeme or sclerite. margin of a page in a book. rameno, C. arm; also used for basal Randader, G. costa; marginal vein segment of clasper in á genitalia. (of wing). Randfeld 33 Rollrüssel

Randfeld, G. costal membrane in Regenerationsherde, G. nidus; i.e., Hemiptera. center of development; center of randhaarede, Da. surrounded by a regeneration. wreath of hairs. resnichki sobrany puchkami, R. fas- Randschuppen, G. marginal scales ciculate. forming the fringe. resnichki sobrany v vid kistei, R. Randzelle, G. cellula marginalis. penicillate. ras, S. race. resnitsy, R. vibrissae. raskhodyashchiisya, R. divergent, Reuse, G. cage grid, filter. patulose (of hairs). rezkii, R. sharp (of a carina); dis- raskhozhdenle, R. divergence; distinct. junction (of chromosomes). rezko, R, sharply, distinctly. rasplod, R. brood (of bees). Ribber, Da. veins. rasselenie, R. dispersal; dispersion of ribbor, S. veins. insects; a release (of parasites) in ribbsystem, S. venation. the field. Riemenborsten, G. rowing hairs or rasseliternitsa, R. migrant (ento- setae, as on the legs of certain water mology, especially aphids) ; colonizer. insects, used for swimming in water. Rassenschnur, G. cline. Rieselfeld, G. a field on the meta- rasshifrovka, R. interpretation; de- pleura, the orificia of stink glands ciphering. in Hemiptera. rasslabnut', R. to relax. rimpel. Du. wrinkle, not ruga. rastitel'noyadny, R. phytophages. rimpelt, Du. shagreened. rastral borsten, G. setae on hind Ringglieder, G. small annular joints legs of aphid larvae. between scape and flagellum of an Raubbeine, G. pedes raptatorii. insect antenna. Raupe, G. the young of Lepidoptera Ringmakel, G. ringshaped spot to- and other insects that have thoracic ward the base of the wing. and abdominal legs; "Afterraupen" Ringsumabsätzen, G. segmentation have more legs than true "Raupen." (of the body or the antennae of an razorvannyi, R. interrupted; split; insect). broken up. Rippe, G. vein (of wing). razrez, R. section, cross section. rissig, G. chinky, rimóse (resem- razrezhennyi, R. meager, bling the finely cracked bark of a tree). razvitie, R. development, rod, R. genus. rebro, R. ridge; rib. rebryshchok, R. little ridge. rodzina, P. family. redkii, R. usually means sparse; roenie, R. swarming (as of bees). sometimes thin, well separated, rare. rog, R. horn. redko, R. sparsely, rarely. roh, C. angle; apex of an insect's redko lezhachii, R- well separated. wing when angular. Refflad, S. furrowed in straight Rollrüssel, G. tongue of butterflies; furrows. antlia. romp 34 ryha

romp, Du. body without head or ap- I aspect; dorsum: dorsal part of pu- pendages. I parium in Aleyrodidae. R0rcell, Da. solenocyte. Rückgebildet, G. reduced or obliter- rot, S. base. ated; degenerated; undergone invo- rotflik, S. alula; jugum (on Lepidop- lution; formed again. tera wing). Rückgebildung, G. degeneration; ret- rotoglotochnyi apparat, R. oro-pha- rograde development. ryngeal apparatus. rückwärts, G. of direction, caudad; rotovoi apparat, R. mouth apparatus. of position, dorsad. rotovoi konus, R. pharynx. rug. Du. dorsum. rotovoi otverstie, R. oral opening. ruggegraat. Du. mediodorsal. rotovye borozdki, R. oral striae or ruggelings, Du. motion backwards. furrows. Rugschild, Du. dorsal scale of a coccid; elytra (rare). rotovye kriuchki, R. mouth hooks. Rugzijde, Du. dorsal side. rotovye organy, R. mouth organs. ruig, Du. rough with hairs; shaggy; rotovye pridatki, R. trophi; oral ap- harshly hairy. pendages. Ruigheid, Du. shagginess. rozeklany, C. cleft. Rumpf, G. thorax plus propodeum rubets, R. cicatrix. (in Hymenoptera). rubanne, F. which bears colored Rüssel, G. beak. bands. rvushcheezubets, R. tearing tooth. rucheiniki, R. erroneously used for ryad, R. number; row; series. Anopheles in a paper on nematodes; it usually refers to caddisflies. Ryg, Da. notum. Rücken, G. tergite; notum; dorsum. Rygb0rste (of antenna). Da. arista. Rückenabschnitte, G. tergite. Rygdusk, Da. dorsal tuft. Rygflade, Da. surface of dorsum. Rückenkamm, G. horny comb of notum in fleas; dorsal ctenidium. rygg» S. dorsum. Rückenplatte, G. tergite. ryggbihang, S. cerci. Rückenschild, G, tergite of thorax, ryggparti, S. dorsal parts; tergites. especially of the mesothorax; pro- Rygled, Da. tergite. notum; also used for dorsal scale of Rygplade, Da. notum. coccids. ryggplâtar, 5. tergites. Rückenschopf, G. in Lepidoptera, a ryggrör, 6". cornicle. stout, up-turned tuftlike bunch of scales behind on the notum of the ryggsida, S pleurite; dorsum; dor- thorax. sal aspect. Rückensegment, G. tergite. ryggsköld, S. dorsal plate. ryggstycke, S. tergite of abdomen. Rückenspange, G. dorsal bands in aphids; may refer to tergite; any Rygplade, Da. tergite curved narrow sclerotized piece on Rygside, Da. dorsal side. the dorsum. Rygskinne, Da. connexivum. rückenständig, G. dorsal. Rygskjold, Da. pronotum. Rückenteil {or Rücken), G. dorsal ryha, C. furrow. sachok 35 Schild S sachok, R. insect net. Schaltstiick (of forewing), G. embo- sadok, R. breeding cage (entomolo- lium; cuneus. gy)- Schaltzelle, G. intercalated cell (in Saedkapsel, Da. receptaculum semi- wing of Lepidoptera), nis. scharfkantig gezackt, G. with sharp Sack, Da. sac, pouch; the bag of transverse ridges. bagworms. schedel. Du. vertex of insect, Saftröhren, G. cornicles in aphids, scheede, Dti. sheath; wing pad; when tubelike. vagina, saftrör, S. cornicle, when tubelike, Scheibe, G. disk; i.e,, the central upper surface of any part. Sagf0ler, Da. serrate or sawlike antenna. Scheide, G. sheath (as of ovipositor) ; vagina, sagittal'nyi shov, R. sutura metopica. Scheidenklappen, G. valves of ovipos- sâgskida, S. saw case. itor. sâgslida, 6'. saw case (Hymenop- schein-, G. pseudo-; sham. tera). Scheingliederung, G. apparently seg- saillant, F. issuing in front and out- mented; sham segmentation (not ac- side of. tually divided into segments), garnets, R. male (noun), Scheitel, G. vertex, usually of the samka, R. female (noun). head in insects. Samleb0rste, Da. scopa. Scheitelleiste, G. vertexal ridge; Samleglas, Da. collecting bottle. ridge on the vertex of the head. Sammrlbeine, G. pedes anthophorii. Schenkel, G. femur. Schenkeldecken, G. dentate, platelike sammensatte 0je, Da. compound eye. widenings of the hind coxae covering samoe bol'shee, R. at most. the base of the femur; coxal plates, Sansecell, Da. chemical organ of Schenkelplatten, G. dentate, plate- sense; organ of touch. like, widenings of the hind coxae Saugborsten, G. stylets; the setalike which cover the base of the femora; mouthparts adapted for sucking (for coxal plates, instance, in Homoptera). Schenkelring, G. trochanter. Saugrohr, G. rostrum; sucking tube; Schien, G. tibia. beak. Schienbein, G. tibia. Saum, G. border, occasionally used Schienengrube, G. cochlea; fossa tib- for "margin." iae. Saumfeld, G. lateral margin area. Schild, Du. elytron is correct, some- Saumlinie, G. dark line along the times erroneously used for tegmen; margin. also — scale of coccids; cljrpeus; Schachtel, G. case for pinned insects. scutum. Schaft, G. scape, shaft. Schild, G. sometimes the discal area Schalldeckel, G. sound cover of of wing; sometimes scutum or scu- chordotonal organ. tellum; when situated on the head Schildchen 36 seitewärts

it may be the clypeus; in coccids it Schulterbeulen, G. embolia; calli is the sheltering scale beneath which humerales; humérus when swollen. the 9 scale insects live. Schulterkamm, G. humeral ctenidium Schildchen, G. scutellum. = reduced wings in bat lice. Schildchenstreif der Decken, G. a fine Schulterschwiele, G, humeral callus. impressed or impressed-punctate line Schulterstreif der Decken, G. a short parallel to the lateral margin of the impressed oblique streak outside at scutellum. base of the elytra; humeral stripe. schildje. Du. scutellum. Schüppchen, G. squama, squamula. Schildmargin, G. terminal (discal) Schuppenhöcker, G. in Lepidoptera, a margin (Hemiptera). humpshaped accumulation of scales Schildteil, G. scutal part. on wing or antenna. Schildwinkel, G. terminal angle of Schuppenwulst, G. in Lepidoptera, a wing; discal angle of wing. cushionshaped accumulation of scales on wing or antenna. Schiller, G. play of colors; luster; irridescence. Schuppenzahn, G. a toothshaped accumulation of scales on wing or an- Schläfenleiste, G. temporal ridge; a tenna in Lepidoptera. sharp edge going out from the posterior margin of the genae. Schwanz, G. cauda. Schläfenzahn, G. temporal tooth; not Schwanzborsten, G. cerci. a true tooth, but a projection of a Schwänzchen der Hinterflügel, G. pad limiting the lateral lobes on the the long narrow continuation of the occiput. hindwing in some Lepidoptera. Schlüpfen, G. hatching; eclosión ± schwarz gesprenkelt, G. with or (i.e., emergence from pupa, or egg). without black markings. Schlussfeld, G. clavus. Schwerpunkt, G. center of gravity; Schlussnaht, G. commissure; anal more important part; high point; furrow. center of mass. Schlussrand, G. commissure. schwertförmig, G. ensiform; sword- shaped. Schlussstück, G. anal area; clavus in wing of Rhyuchota. Schwimmbeine, G. pedes natatorii. Schnabel, G. beak. scie, F. serra, saw. schnurförmig, G. threadlike, filamen- ^eitenblatt, G. connexivum in Hemip- tous; moniliform. tera. schouder. Du. humérus. Seitenlappen, G. lacinia; lateral lobes. schouderbuil. Du. humeral callus. Seitenloben, G. lacinia. schouderknobbel. Du. humeral callus or humeral tubercle (higher than Seitenplatte, G. stemite; pleurite; schouderbuil). lateral plate. schouderschubben, Du. tegulae. Seitenrandfeld, G. lateral margin area; the distal part of forewing in Schrillschwiele, G. stridulating Lepidoptera. callus. Seitenrandlinie, G. dark line along schubb. Du. scale; literally, it is the lateral margin. something easily detached. I seitewärts, G. laterad. semeistvo 37 Sigte semeistvo, R. family. riña); pinaculeum (Lepidoptera lar- semeizvergatel'nyi kanal, R. ductus va); scale (coccids). ejaculatorius. shchitovka, R. hard, armored, or dias- semennik, R. testis, testicle. pine scales as opposed to soft scales; so defined by Borchsenius. semennoi meshok, R. sperm sac, seminal vesicle. Shchupal'tse, R. pedipalp (Acariña); the term generally used for palp by semennoi puzyrek, R. seminal vesicle. Russian entomologists. semepriemnik, R. spermatheca. shchupikonosets, R. palpiger. semeprovody, R. vasa deferentia. sheika, R. neck; cervix. semyannoi protok, R. ductus semi- sherokhovataya plastinka, R. Krause's nalis. organ (Orthoptera) ; also a rough- semyapriemnik, R. receptaculum ened plate. seminis. sheya, R. coUum; neck. senkrecht hängende, G. hanging ver- ship, R. spine in entomology; thorn tically; at right angles to body axis. in botany. shcheinaya membrana, R. cervical shipets, R. spinule. membrane. shipik, R. spinule. shcheka, R. gena, bucea (Diptera), cheek. shipovidnyi, R. spinelike. shcheF, R. groove; cleft; fissure. shirina, R. width. shchelevidnyi organ, R. pseudoartic- shishka, R. bump; tuber; warble (of ulation (Acariña). Hypoderma). shchelevoi, R. fissurai. shov, R. suture; erroneously used for groove. shchelochnaya zheleza, R. alkaline shpits, R. unguis (in aphids); spur, gland. point. shchetinka, R. bristle; seta; larger shpora, R. spur; calcar. than a hair (volosok), but not mor- phologically different from it; some- shtrikhovka, R. stria; hatching; times used for chaeta. shading. shchetinkonosnye bugrovidnye pridatki, Sideklap (on tarsus). Da. empodium, R. piliferi; seta-bearing tubercle- arolium, pulvlllus. like appendages. Sidelaengdelist, Da. lateral carina. shchetinovidnye usiki, R. setiform Sidelist, Da. lateral carina. antennae. Sideplat, Da. pleuron. shchetiny, R. setae, bristles. Sidestyk, Da. (of thorax) pleuron; shchetka, R. brush; comb on termi- (of penis) paramere; literally, it nal segment in dipterous larva. means lateral piece. shchipchiki, R. forceps, gonocoxites. sidofâllar, S. epipleura. sîdoplâtar, S. pleurites; episterna. shchupik, R. palpus. sidostycke, S. pleurite of abdomen. shchit, R. scutum; scale of coccids; plate of Acariña; pinaculum of lepi- sifoner, S. cornicles. dopterous larvae. Sigte, Da. sieve net, especially for shchitok, i2. scutellum; plate (Aca- collecting water bugs. silkeshylsa 38 soYokupiternaya sumka

silkeshylsa, S. cocoon. slaghâv, S. beating net. Singapparat, G. sound mechanism in släkte, S. genus. Cicádidas. slityi, R. fused, coalesced. sinneshâr, S. sensory hair. sliunnaya zheleza, R. salivary gland. Sinnesstift, G. a strong short seta or slivaiushchiisya, R. confused (as a spine on the anterior margin of the marking). 1st tarsal segment; sensory peg or process; scolops. slivat'sya, R. to fuse, coalesce, run together. Siphonen, G. cornicles of aphids. slozhennyi, R. folded; constituted. skachok, R. mutation. slozhnyi glaz, R. compound eye. Skael, Da. scale (on lepidopterous wing, body of curculionids) ; process slukhovaya lopast', R. tympanal lobe. on petiolus (in Hymenoptera). slukhovoi organ. R. tympanal organ, Skaft (of maxilla). Da. stipes. tympanum. skaft, S. scape. Slynge, Da. loop (such as formed by stylets of aphids at rest). skenben, S. tibia. Smâ0jne, Da. ommatidia. skenbensblad, S. a lancetlike process on the front tibiae on the inside of smazochnaya zheleza, R. sebaceous the middle. gland. skifte Hud, Da. molt. Snabel, Da. beak. Skinneben, Da. tibia. sochlenie, R. articulation, joint, condyle. skiva, S. any plate. sochlenovaya golovka, R. condyle. Skjul, Da. a cover or shelter. Sohlenblase, G. membranous cushion skladka, R. ridge; occasionally used on tibia; pulvillus. for "stvorka" = valve; fold. sokovoibugry, R. cornicles (of Skleritauflösung, G. sclerite degen- aphids), when tuberclelike. eration. sokovoitrubochky, R. cornicles, usu- skoba, R. parenthesis. ally when tubelike. sköld, S. scale (of coccids). solevynosliv, R. salt tolerant. skorlupa, R. chorion of egg (ento- S0m, Da. suture, mology). söm, S. suture. skrzele odbytowe, P. anal tubes. Sommerwirt, G. secondary host, skuly, R. parafacialia of Comstock; soort, Du. species, never genus, parafrontalia of others; genae (so used by Bey-Bienko for grasshop- sort, R. variety, pers); genovertical plates; frontalia, soska, C. proboscis, beak, Skuldercallus, Da. humeral callus. sosal'ts, R. haustellum. Skulderdaekkene, Da. tegulae; i.e., sosatel'naya lopast', R. labellum. pieces covering base of (fore) wing. sosatel'nyi organ, R. proboscis. skulovye plastinki Iba, R. parafacial sosochek, R. papilla; nipple, plates of the front. sosud, R. vessel, receptacle, slaap. Du. lorus témpora. sovokupitel'naya sumka, R. bursa slag. Du. kind (an indefinite term). copulatrix. spadlik 39 spadlik, S. spatular. Spitzenquerader, G. in flies, the ob- Spalt, G. cleft. lique, forward-bent, apical part of médius. Spalter i Hjaertevaeggen, Da. osti- oles of the heart. Spitzenzelle, G. radial cell. spánek, C témpora. Spor, Da. spur. Spange, G. curved, braceletshaped Sporne, G, calcarla. sclerites or plates anywhere on the Hpriet, Du. antenna. body; used for dorsal processes on sprietschaft, Du. scape or shaft of the genital arch in Diptera. antenna. spannvidd,

Stamm, G. stipes. Stirnauge, G. ocellus. Stamme (of maxilla), Da. stipes. Stimaushöhlung, G. facial cavity, cavitas facialis; hollowed-out place Stammoder, S. fundatrix. on the frons. Stammutter, G. fundatrix; stem Stimblase, G. frontal swelling. mother (in aphids). Stimfeld, G. frons; clypeus in He- Stark, G. of color, rich. miptera. statsii, ß. station (RR or experi- Stirnfläche, G. frontal plain, mental); locality; might mean a colony of aphids. Stirngipfel, G. frontal apex; apex of the frons. staw, P. pond. Stimgrube, G. frontal fovea. stebelek, R. petiolus; stalk; pedicel. Stirnhöcker, G. frontal, or antennal, stehno, C. femur. tubercle. stekel. Du. spine or sting. Stirnhöhle, G. frontal fovea. steken, Du. bite of a fly; sting of Stirnkegel, G. frontal cone; genal a bee. cone. Sternalgelenk, G. part of coxa join- Stirnkeil, G. clypeolus or tylus in ing it to the sternum. Hemiptera. stertyi, R. obsolete. Stirnschwiele, G. frontal swelling; sterzhen' usika, R. funiculus. used for clypeus in some papers on stick, (S. rod. Hemiptera. stickprov, S. random sample. stítek, C. scutum; scutellum. Stiel, G. unbranched part of a wing stopka, C. petiolus; stalk. vein; i.e., stalk or pedicel. stopkaty, C. stalked; petiolate. stielrund, G. cylindrical. stozek zmysiowy, P. sensory cone. Stift, G. peg; process; may also re- sträng, S. flagellum; cord. fer to the waxy filaments on aphids; i s"trapezmtsi, R. commensals. any rodshaped formation. Streckborste, G. empodium. Stikborste, Da. stylet. strední pc^e. C. discoidal cell. Stikkebrodd, Da. ovipositor. stfedni zilka, C. median vein. Stilkknude, Da. postpetiolus. I stredo-, C. meso-; middle. Stilkled, Da. petiolus with a node. stfedoboci, C. mesopleura. Stimmdeckel, G. thickened covering, or operculum, of tympanum; tympa- stfedohrud, C. mesothorax. nal or sound cover of chordotonal stfedoprni, C. mesosternum. organ. stredozadi, C. mesonotum; scutum Stimmhaut, G. tympanum. (in Diptera). Stimmspalte, G. sound fissure of the Stribe, Da. stripe, or stria on elytra. tympanum. Stribenmellemrum, Da. inter-stria. stip. Du. point, dot, puncture, stipple. Strich, G. the narrowest; most elongated color marking. Stirn, G. frons; clypeus in Hemip- tera. Striegel, G. comb, pectén; strigil. stroinyi 41 Teilader stroinyi, R. "gracilis;" well-propor- Svingk0lIer, Da. haltères. tioned; long and slender; graceful. svobodnye kukolki, R. pupae liberae. Strube, Da. gula. svrchni pysk, C. labrum. Strubeplade, Da. gula. syazhka, R. antenna. strupe, S. the part between the beak syazhkovaya shchetinka, R. arista of and ventroposterior margin of the antenna. head; the gula. szczecina, P. seta, bristle. Stufe, G. of color, shade. szczecina czolowa, P. frontal bristle. stvolik, R. stipes (of maxilla) ; foot stalk. szczecinka czuciowy, P. sensory bristle. stvorka, R. valve (of ovipositor); válvula. szczecinka klinowaty, P. cuneiform seta. styng, S. aculeus; sting. szczecinka kolbkowaty, P. clublike suauru, R. tabanids, or a disease seta. caused by them. szczecinka luskowata, P. scalelike subgenitalni desticka, C. hypandrium. seta. subokulyarnaya borozdka, R. suboc- szczecinka maczuzkowata, P. bisen- ular groove. sillum or sensillum IV. Sugemund, Da. proboscis. szczecinka najkrótszy, P. miniscule Sugeredskab, Da. beak. seta or sensillum trichoideum III. Sugerir, Da. canal along which liq- szczecinka przedni, P. anterior seta uid food ascends. or sensillum trichoideum I. sugrör, S. beak of Lepidoptera. szczecinka tylny, P. posterior seta or sensillum trichoideum II. sugsnabel, S. proboscis (in Diptera) ; sucking beak. szczçka, P. maxilla. sumka, R. bag, pouch, sac, bursa. szew, P. suture. svängkolvar, S. haltères. szew czolowy, P. frontal suture. svans, S. cauda (occasionally). szew epistomalny, P. epistomal su- svanstrâder, S. cerci. ture. svetlyi, R. light. szew wiencowy, P. coronal suture.

täckvinge, S. elytron. tarière, F. scie, serra, terebra. täckvingens invikta sidokant, S. in- Tarmkanal, Da. intestine, gut. flexed side of elytron. Taster, Da. palpus. tagg, S. a point; a prickle; a long tazik, R. coxa. "tand," q.v. tazikovaya vpadina, R. trochantin. talon, F. praetarsus. tand, S. tooth; may be prolonged in- teguments, F. hypoderma; hairs and to "torn" or "tagg," q.v. scales; poison or wax glands. Tap, Da. process. Teilader, G. vena dividens. Teilaugen 42 trompe

Teilaugen, G. ommatidia. Tischgenossenschaft, G. inquilinity. Teilungslinie der Fransen, G. a dark- tkaneedy, R. histophages (entomol- er line parallel to the wing margin ogy). in the fringe dividing it into a basal t'ma, R. an enormous quantity; be- and a distal half. yond counting; innumerable. telo, R. body. tochka, R. point, dot; also used for telo sumki, R. corpus bursae. puncture; only specialized knowledge of the insect concerned will definitely témë, C. vertex. indicate which equivalent is wanted. temennaya vershina, R. fastigium in tolstyi, R. thick, stout. grasshoppers; apex of vertex. T0ndepuppe, Da. puparium. temennaya yamka, R. vertexal pit (in grasshoppers); parietal fossa or tonkii, R. slender. pit; interantennal groove (in fleas) ; Topstykke av fortil Haerden, Da. pa- coronal notch or parietal apex (in rapteron. lepidopterous caterpillars). torchashchoi, R. erect (of hairs). temennoi shchitok, R. fastigium Torn, Da. spine (entomology); thorn (Orthoptera). (botany). temennoi shov, R. coronal suture; torn, S. spine, especially in lepidop- vertexal suture. terous larvae. temennoi treugol'nik, R. vertexal tot ili inoi, R. any, either, various. triangle. trabekel, G. trabeculus. temennoi vyrez, R. coronal notch, or Traadf0ler, Da. filiform antenna. incision, in lepidopterous larvae; vertexal notch. trâdformigt, S. filiform. temennye plastinki, R. parafrontalia ; Tragplatte, G. apódeme of insect genovertical plates; vertexal plates. skeleton. temennye shchetinki, R. outer ver- trankheinye puzyri, R. trachéal ves- texal (or vertical) bristles. icles. tempe, F. temple. trava, R. herbage; young succulent temya, R, vertex. stems and leaves; herb, weed; sometimes may mean grass. teploliubiv, R. heat-loving; thermo- philous. tredje Brystring, Da. metathorax. Tergalgelenkplatte, G. axillary Trekantstykke, Da. scutellum. sclerite. trekhgrebenchatyi, R. tripectinate. Tergalhebel, G. notai wing process. trekhyacheistaya zheleza, R. trilo- teza, R. one of the couplets of a cular gland. dichotomous key for determination tretii otdel mozga, R. tritocerebrum. of entities. Trommehinde, Da. tympanum; tym- tige, F. stipes of maxilla. panal membrane. tilkrokade, S. bent like a crook. Trommelfell des Gehörorgans, G. tilspetsa, S. to sharpen to a point. tympanum of auditory organ. Tinding, Da. temple. Trommelhaut, G. tympanum of in- tinningar, S. témpora. sect hearing organ. tip, R. type. trompe, F. proboscis of Díptera. trubchataya zheleza 43 usiknaya shchetinka

trubchataya zheleza, R. cylindrical Tvaerribbe, Da. cross vein. duct (in coccids). tváf, C. cheek; gena. trubochka, R. cornicle (in aphids). tvärbrant, S. transverse or diagonal, tserki, R. cerci; also used for styli precipitous. (in flies) and for stylets (in fleas). tvärribba, S. cross vein. tsilindricheskyaya zheleza, R. tubular duct (in coccids); cylindrical tyazh, R. arms of tentorium of in- gland. sect skeleton. tsilindrovyi, R. cylindrical, tubular. tygel, S. lorum. tulovishche, R. body without head Tyggeflig, Da. lacinia or blade of and abdomen; i.e., thorax as a whole. maxilla. tunga, S. tongue, glossa. tykadio, C. antenna. Tunge, Da. tongue, glossa. tyl, C. occiput. Turbanaugen, G. compound eyes; tyl, R. posterior part. eyes divided by a furrow. tylny, P. posterior; hind. Tvaerfure, Da. transverse groove. tylovoi, R. posterior.

uglublenie, R. depression; hollow. Untergesicht, G. epistoma; hypos- ukol, R. puncture. toma. Umfangader, G. circumferential vein. Unterklappe, G. subanal plate. umgeschaltener Deckenrand, G. epi- Unterlippe, G. labium. pleura. Unterrandzellen, G. cellulae sub- unbehaart, G. glabrous or without marginales. hairs. Unterschenkel, G. tibia. underkäk, S. maxilla. uppâtrikta, S. to direct upwards; up- underkäkarnastyggflik, S. maxillary turned. lobe. uppställning, S. erection (of a genus); arrangement (in a paper, or underkäkspalp, S. maxillary palp. in an insect case). Underkind, Da. bucea. urbugtad, S. concave. Underkjeve, Da. maxilla. ur-halkade, S. excavated. Underlaebe, Da. labium. urochishche, R. hamlet, village; graz- Underlaebens Hage, Da. mentum. ing range with tents or huts of shep- underlag, S. substratum. herds. ur-ringade, S. excavated or emargi- underläpp, S. labium. nated. underliv, S. ventral aspect. ushko, R. lobe, process. Underside (of thorax). Da. sternum. usik, R. antenna. unterer Seitenbrustteil, G. epister- usiknaya shchetinka, R. arista of an- num. tenna. ustanoylyat' 44 Vingener vatu ren ustanovlyat', R. to erect (as a genus). utdelade, S. distributed (not geo- ust'it&e, R. ostiole. graphically). ustupat', R. to be inferior to. uzdechka, R. frenulum. utbildade, S. developed. uzel, R. ganglion.

V, R. used in descriptions as English verkhnyaya chast' clypeus, R. ante- writers use "with," i.e., "with long clypeus. hairs;" usually means in. verkhnyaya cheliust', R. mandible. V chistom vid, R. in pure culture; verkhnyaya guba, R. labrum. planted alone. verkhnyaya kolenaya lopast', R. dor- V osnovnom, R. basically, fundamen- sal genicular lobe. tally. verkhnyaya plastinka, R. notum. V [2] raza, R. (2) times; used in comparison of dimensions, as v 2 verkhnyaya stvorka, R. dorsal vál- raza koroche = twice as short as or vula (of ovipositor). 2 times shorter. verkhnyaya stvorka yaltseklada, R. vaginal'naya shchel', R. vulva (coc- dorsal valve of ovipositor. cids). vershina, R. apex; distal end (of valik, R. vallus penis; ridge, pad. femur); peak (of an angle or curve). van, F. anal field. vershina temeni, R. fastigium (Orthoptera). vattenhâv, S. insect net for catching water insects. vershinnye shchetinki, R. apical bristles; distal bristles. vattenklar, S. hyaline, not necessari- ly colorless. vershinnyi, R. apical or dorsal; sometimes distal. vax körtlar, S. wax pores (in aphids). vertlug, R. trochanter. vazon, R. pot, as a flowerpot. vid, R, species (taxonomic category) ; form (in the sense of shape, veer, R. mouth brush (in larva of Diptera); fan. but not taxonomic) ; v vide = in the form of; v vidu = in view of. venets, R. corona, circlet; when all vidhängende, S. appendage. the planta of a leg (in lepidopterous larvae) are armed with crochets on vil'chatyi, R. forked, y-shaped. the margin. vingarnasbakkant, S. posterior Ventralklappe, G. a semicircular margin of wing. lobelike chitin plate under the anal vingarnasframkant, S. costa. opening. veretenovidnye usiki, R. fusiform vingbredd,

Vingeskael, Da. tegula. volos, R. hair or seta. vingfjäll, S. formation covering the voloski, R. pubescence or hairs. haltères in some species of Díptera. volosok, R. hair, pilus; smaller than vinghake, S. hamus. a seta (shchetinka) but morphologi- vinglock, S. tegula. cally no different. vingmärk, S. pterostigma. volosovidnyi, R. hairlike. vinkel, S. mathematical angle; the voorwaarts, Du. cephalad; (moving) point where two lines meet. forward. viski, R. témpora. voorzijde. Du. anterior side. visochnyi, R. temporal. vorder Beinpaar, G. front legs. visok, R. one of the témpora. Vorderbein, G. front leg. ylagalishche, R. sheath of ovipositor. Vorderbrust, G. prothorax; also used for prostemum; when strongly de- vlagalishchnyi, R. vaginal. veloped and free, it is the pronotum; vlak, Du. (n.) surface; an indefinite when fused with the mesothorax, it plain; area, (adj.) flat, level. is the collar. vlakmaken, Du. flatten. Vorderbrustplatte, G. propleura. vieugel, Du. wing. Vorderbruststück, G. prothorax; propleura. vleug«laanleg, Du. wing bud; wing pad. Vorderkörper, G. anterior part of body (pro-, meso-, and metanotum); vleugelschild. Du. elytron, tegmen. head + thorax. vleugelschubben, Du. wing scales Vorderrandader, G. costa. only. Vorderrücken, G. pronotum. vieugelvestigium, Du. rudiment of a wing. Vorderseite, G. irons. vnejsi kladelko, C. ventral valvulae Vorkammer, G. atrium of spiracle in (of ovipositor). insects. vneshnestvornyi, R. perivalval. Vorteben, Da. proleg. rneshnii, R. external, outer. Vortefod, Da. proleg (incorrect). vnitfni kladelko, C. inner valvulae voskovoi, R. waxy. (of ovipositor). vospitat', R. to rear. Tnutrennie parazity, R. endopara- vozbuditel', R. agent (of disease). sites. vozle-, R. para-. vnutrennii, R. internal, inner. vozlekoksal'nyi, R. paracoxal. vnutrennyaya lopast', R. mala in- vozrast, R. instar; sometimes used to terna; inner lobe. mean stage. vodoem, R. any accumulation of wa- vozrastnost', R. maturity, aging. ter from reservoir to well to pond, or puddle, usually artificial or of vozrozhdenie, R. renaissance; regen- short duration; not a river, lake, or eration. sea. vozvyshenie, R. callus, elevation. voilochnyi, R. tomentose. vpered, R. cephalad, forward. voksne Insekt, Da. imago, adult in- vpyachivanie, R. invagination. vrâ 46 Winkel via, S. a general term for corner. vypasa, R. pasture. vretenni zilka, C. radius. vyploda, R. breeding, rearing; brood (noun). vstavochnyi, R. intermedial. vyrez, R. notch; incision, vtoraya para cheliustnykh pridatkov, R. maxillae. vyrezka, R. incision, small notch, vtorichnye parazity, R. secondary vyrost, R. process, protuberance. parasites. vyshedshchei, R. hatching, coming vtoroi chlenik usika, R. pedicellus of out, emerging; publishing. insect antenna. vyshibat', R. emerge (from a co- vydelenie, R. isolation; deposition; coon) ; break out. emergence. vystup, R. projection; may be used for a slight process. vyemchatyi, R. emarginate; hollowed out; notched. vyvedenyi, R. reared (adj.). vyemka, R. notch, emargination, in- vyvertyvat', R. to evert. cision, indentation. vyvodit', R. to rear. vyïti, R. to hatch, to emerge; to vzroslaya lichinka, R. mature larva. publish. vzrosloe nasekomoe, R. adult insect; vyklevat', R. to hatch. imago. vzyatok', R. food of bees consisting vykrojek, C. emargination; notch. of honey and pollen; also apparently vylet, R. emergence (from pupa); refers to the collection of such food flight. by bees.

w Wachsdrüsengruppen, G. pore plates warga dolna, P. labium. (in aphids). warga gorna, P. labrum. Wachsraife, G. conspicuous wax -warts, G. -ward. threads on apex of abdomen. wedeiförmig, G. flabellate. Wachsröhrchen, G. wax tubules. Wegfall, G. absence; failure to ap- walzig, G. cylindrical. pear. Wange, G. two sclerites of the head welt auseinander, G. far apart. capsule on the distal side of the head, = gena + jugum jochstück + wan- Wellenlinie, G. wavy line; a jagged genstück (i.e., jugum + lorum + line on the lateral marginal field of genal pieces); also used for gena or noctuid forewing. cheek. wenig gewölbt, G. feebly convex. Wangenkamm, G. genal comb. wewnçtrzny, P. internal; inner. Wangenplatte, G. bucculae; lamina jugularis; genae. wiencowy, P. coronal. Wangenwinkel, G. genal angle—that Windschatten, G. sheltered from the part of the gena which projects be- wind. fore the eyes in an angle. Winkel, G. angle (i.e., the area en- wachlarzowaty, P. fanshaped. closed between the straight lines Winterwirt 47 zadnekrylovoi bugorok

forming the angle; angle in a math- wskaznik czulka, P. antennal index. ematical sense). wskaznik glowy, P. cephalic index. Winterwirt, G. primary host (of Wurzel, G. base. aphids). Wurzelfeld, G. proximal part of wirken, G. to have an effect, as wing, lying at the wing base. "wirkt aufhellend" means to have a clearing effect. Wurzelquerader, G. basal cross vein; wirtelhaarig, G. verticillate; with a cross vein between front margin wreaths of stout long hairs or bris- and subcosta. tles going all around the joint and Wurzelquerstreif, G. part of noctuid standing out equally in all directions. wing marking; the basal cross streak. Wirtswechsel, G. host exchange or Würzelständig, G. basal. host alternation; may also refer to migration in aphids. wyrostki odbytowe, P. anal processes.

yacheika, R. cell (of wing); locule; yaitsevaya trubochka, R. egg tube. mesh (of a network) ; cellule in lepi- yaitsevod, R. oviduct. dopteron's wing. yaitsevyi meshok, R. egg sac. -yacheistaya zheleza, R. -locular glands (as tri-locular). yaitsevyvodyashchii kanal, R. oviduct. yacheistyi, R. locular. yaitso, R. egg. yacheya, R. alveolus, network (in aphids) ; cell in wing of Lepidoptera. yamka, R. pit; socket (of antenna); cavity, yadovitaya zheleza, R. poison gland. yamka dlya usikov, R. antennal yaichnik, R. ovary. socket. yaitseklad, R. ovipositor. y asno, R. distinctly. yazychok, R. lingua (Lepidoptera); yaitsekladka, R. egg mass, deposit (of eggs), oviposition; it can mean either the egg mass or an egg that yazyk, R. hypopharynx; ligula; is laid as opposed to one not laid. tongue.

2a, R. usually beyond; sometimes zadne-, R. hind-, meta-, post-. used for after, post-. zadnebokovoi, R. postlateral. z?b, P. tooth. zadnegrud', R. metathorax; some- ^h boczny, P. lateral tooth. times loosely used for metastemum. ^h dodatkowy, P. additional tooth. zadnegrudka, R. metasternum. ^h koncowy, P. apical tooth, zadnekrainyaya zhilka, R. anal vein. zackig, G. zigzag. zadnekryloYoi bugorok, R. postalar zadek, C. abdomen; posterior part. callus. zadneprokhodnoe otverstie 48 zu dritt zadneprokhodnoe otverstie, R. anus. zavivat', R. to spin (a cocoon). zadneshchitkovoi, R. postscutal. zavivka, R. the spinning of a co- zadneshchitok, R. postscutellum, coon. dorsellum. zavlagalishchnaya, R. postvaginal. zadnespinka, R. metanotum. zavyaz', R. cotton square. zadnespinnoi, R. postdorsal. zavyazannost', R. set (of fruit). zadnii, R. caudal; posterior. zazubrennyi, R. dentate, toothed. zadnii nalichnik, R. postclypeus. zçby, P. teeth. zadnii otdel mozga, R. tritocere- zesklerotyzowana, P. sclerotized. brum. zesklerotyzowana listewka grzebykowa- zadnii shcliitok perednespinki, R. ta, P. sclerotized comb. proscutellum. zewnçtrzny, P. external; outer. zadohrud, C. metathorax. zgifta listewka grzebykowata, P. zaglazkovyi, R. postocellar. curved, pectinate comb. zaglaznichnyi, JB. postocular. zheleza, R. gland; sometimes used as equivalent for pore, sensu Ameri- zahadlo, C. sting. can, but it means the whole struc- zakladni pole, C. basal cell. ture, not just its opening. zakrylovoi, R. postalar. zheludok-sobstvenno, R. stomach zakrylovye bugry, R. postalar calli. proper, ventriculus. zakrylovye shchetinki, R. postalar zhenskee sovokupitelnee otverstie, R. bristles. ostium bursae. Zange, G. forceps; claspers; arm of zhenskee yaitsevyvodnoe otverstie, R. hypop^gium. ostium oviductus. zanizhennyi, R. reduced, lowered. zhevatel'nyi zheludok, R. proventriculus. Zäpfchen, G. tubule, small cone. zhgutik, R. funiculus; flagellum of Zapfenmakel, G. a spot on the me- antenna. dian area of noctuid forewing situated near the inner transverse stripe; zhigalka, R. muscid fly. an equilateral triangular spot with zhilka, R. vein (in wing). its apex toward the apex of the wing. zhilkovanie, R. venation (of wing). Zapfenrose, G. gall. zhuiushii, R. chewing. zaplechevye shchetinki, R. posthumer- zhuzhzhal'tse, R. halter in Diptera. al bristles. zhval, R. mandible. zashchechnaya oblast', R. postg^nal region. zilka, C. vein. zashchechnyi sklerit, R. postgena. Zipfel, G. tip; point. zatemennye shchetinki, R. postverti- Zirpader, G. stridulating vein. cal bristles. zob, R. ingluvies, crop. zatemennoi, R. postvertical. zritel'naya dolya, R. lobus opticus. zatsepka, R. retinaculum; hook. zu, G. to or toward; also "to be" plus infinitive form of a verb means zatvorka, R. valve, lobe. to be done, not to do. zatylok, R. occiput. zu dritt, G. by threes. zu zweit 49 zweiter Brustring zu zweit, G. in pairs; by twos. zuiger, Du. proboscis; sucker. zubchataya plastinka, R. dentate Zunge, G. glossa. plate; lamina dentata. zuwaczka, P. mandible. zubchatyi, R. dentate. zuwka, P. lacinia or blade (of zubchik, R. denticle. maxilla). zubets, R. tooth. zweimal länger als, G. = doppelt so Zucht, R. (of insects) rearing, cul- lang als, q.v. ture. zweiteilig, G. dichotomous. Zügel, G. lorum; frenum (used for both by various authors). zweiter Brustring, G. mesothorax. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES The drawings on the following figures are diagrammatical and are not drawn to the same scale. They are intended to illustrate some of the common foreign terms used (sometimes erroneously) for the taxonomic characters indicated. Reference to the glossary will show the language concerned.

FIGURE 1. A.—HEAD—Giowa, Golova, Hoved, Huvud, Kopf. 1. Occiput—Hinterhaupt, Hinterkopf, Nacke, Tyl, Zatylok. 2. Vertex—Hjässa, Isse, Schedel, Scheitel, Témë, Temya. 3. Frons—Celo, Lob, Pande, Panna, Stirn. 4. Frontal ridge—Lobnoe rebro, Pandelist, Pannlist. 5. Clypeus—Chaperon, Epistome, Golovnoi shchitok, Hovedkapselns For- vaeg, Hovedskjold, Mundplade, Mundskjold, Munsköld, Nadustek, Nalichnik, Nadrotovoi shchitok. 6. Labrum—Overlaebe, Överläpp, Svrchni Pysk, Verkhnyaya guba, Warga górna. 7. Labium—Bagkaebe, Lèvre, Nizhneguba, Underlaebe, Underläpp, Un- terlippe, Warga dolna. 8. Labial palp—Nizhnegubnoe shchupal'tse, Gubnoe shchupal'tse. 9. Mandible—Forkaebe, Kindbakke, Kusadlo, Överkäke, Overkjeve, Verknyaya cheliust', Zhval, Zuwaczka. 10. Gena—Joue, Kind, Lice, Shcheka, Tvár. 11. Subocular groove—Subokulyarnaya borozdka. B.—MAXILLA—Celist, Kaebe, Mâchoire, Mellankäk, Nizhnecheliust', Szczçka, Underkäk, Underkjeve, Vtoraya para cheliustnykh pridatkov. 12. Maxillary palp—Bipalp, öelistni makadlo, Glaszczek szczçkowy, Kae- be-f0ler, Kaebepalpe, Kiefertaster, Kjaevef0ler, Makadlo, Midt- kaebe-f0ler, Nizhnecheliustnye shchupiki, Shchupik, Shchupal'tse, Taster. 13. Cardo—Angelglied, Gângled, Haengsel, Osnovnoi chlenik cheliusti, Pièce basilaire, Pièce sous maxillaire. 14. Stipes—Anhängsel des Cardo, Skaft, Stamm, Stamme, Stvolik, Tige. 15. Lobe (galea + lacinia)—Lade. 16. Galea—Helm, Palpeflig. 17. Lacinia—Seitenlappen, Seitenloben, Squama, Tyggeflig, Zuwka. 17a. Digitus—Seitenlappensfinger.

51 FIGURE I.-Continued

C—THORAX—Borststuk, Brust, Bryststyk, Grud', Hrud, Mellankropp, Mellem- krop. D.—ABDOMEN—Achterlijf, Bagkrop, Bakkropp, Briushko, Hinterleib, Zadek. 18. Dorsum of abdomen or tergite—Hinterleibsrücken, Hinterleibsschil- der. 19. Abdominal sternite—Bauchabschnitt, Bauchplatte, Bugled, Bugplade, Bukled, Bukstycke. 20. Spiracle—Aandehul, Andhâl, Atemloch, Atemöffnung, Dykhal'tse, Luftloch. 21. Cerci—Afterborsten, Analborsten, Cerques, Halenokker, Haleved- haeng, Raife, Ryggbihang, Schwanzborsten, Svanstrâder, Tserki. 22. Ovipositor—Kladelko, Laeggebrod, Legeröhre, Stikkebrodd, Yaitse- klad. 23. Ovipositor valves—Scheidenklappen, Chlopeñ kladélka, Verkhnyaya stvorka yaitseklada, Nizhnyaya stvorka, Vnejsi kladelko. E.—LEG—Bein, Ben, Noga, Nózka. 24. Coxa—Hanche, Höft, Hofte, Hüfte, Kycla, Tazik. 25. Trochanter—Lârring, Prikycla, Schenkelring, Vertlug. 26. Femur—Bedro, Cuisse, Laar, Lâr, Lârled, Oberschenkel, Schenkel, Stehno. a—genu or knee—Knae, Knie, Kolennyi chlenik. b—ventral outer keel of femur—Nizhnii naruzhnyi kil' bedra. c—dorsal keel of femur—Verkhnii kiP bedra. d—ventral genicular lobe—Nizhnyaya kolennaya lopast'. e—dorsal genicular lobe—Verkhnyaya kolennaya lopast'. 27. Tibia—Golen', Jambe, Laeg, Schien, Unterschenkel. 28. Spur—Eperon, Ostruha, Shpora, Spor, Sporn. 29. Tarsus—Chodidlo, Fot, Fuss, Lapka. 30. Metatarsus—Ferse. 31. Segment or joint—(of abdomen) Arceau, Bagfcropsled; (of tarsus) Chlenik lapki. 32. Claw—Drapek, Griffe, Klaue, Klo, Kogotok, Ongle, Pazurka. 33. Empodium—Prisoska, Prisoska mezhdu kogotkami, Streckborste. F.—TEGMEN, ELYTRON—Daekvinge, Deckflügel, Halvdaekvinge (error), Täck- vinge, Vleugelschild. FF.—HiND (or sometimes FLIGHT) WING—Bagvinge, Bakvinge, Flügel, Flyg- vinge, Flyvevinge.

52 FIGURE 1

53 FIGURE 2.

G.—HEMELYTRON—Halvdaekvinge. 1. Membrane—Haut, Häutchen, Hinde. GG.—WiNG—Krylo, Krylovaya plastinka, Vleugel. FoREwiNG—Forvinge, Framvinge, Perednee krylo. 2. Pterostigma—Flügelmal, Plamka, Vingemaerke, Vingmärk. 3. Alula—Krylyshko, Rotflik. 4. Squama—Krylovaya cheshuika. 5. Tegulae—Deckschuppen, Ecaillettes, Flügelschüppchen, Krylovye kryshechki, Krylovye kryshki, Krytky, Schouderschubben, Skulder- daekkene, Vingeskael. 6. Vein of wing—Ader, Nerv, Ribba, Ribbe, Rippe, Zhilka, 2ilka. 7. Gell of wing—Cellule, Kletochka, Policko, Yacheika, Yacheya. H.—ANTENNA—Czuiek, Fühler, Pannspröten, Spriet, Syazhka, Tykadlo, Usik. 8. Scape—Antennskaft, Fühlerschaft, Násadec tykadla, Osnovnoi chlenik usikov, Pervyi chlenik usika, Schaft, Skaft, Sprietschaft. 9. Flagellum—Bieik, Geissei, Gissel, Sträng, Zhgutik. 10. Club—Bulava, Fühlerkeule, K0lle, Massue. 11. Unguis—Processus terminalis, Shpits, Spitsa, Spitze. 12. Arista—B0rste af F0ler, Fühlerborste, Spetsborste, Syazhkovaya shchetinka, Usiknaya shchetinka. I.—ORTHOPTERON, HEAD, PRONOTUM. 13. Fastigium—Kopfgipfel, Temennoi shchitok, Vershina temeni. 14. Vertexal pit—Pandegrube, Panngrop, Temennaya yamka. 15. Lateral carina—Bokovoi kil'. 16. Median carina—Srednii kil'. 17. Transverse groove—Poperechnaya borozdka. 18. Pronotum—Forbrystets ryg, Forryg, Framrygg, Halsschild, Peredne- spinka, Predozadi, Rygskjold, Vorderrucken.

54 FIGURE 2

_y_ :r=:^=c:^ »

65 FIGURE 3. K.—HEAD OF A DIPTERON 1. Vertexal triangle—Temennoi treugoFnik. 2. Frons—Öelo, Lob, Pande, Panna, Stirn. 3. Frontal vitta—Lobnaya polosa, Pannstrimma, Srednyaya lobnaya polosa. 4. Frontal suture—Lobnyi shov. 5. Face—Ansigt, Ansikte, Litso, Oblicej. 6. Facial ridge—Ansigtsliste, Ansiktslist, Litsevoi kil'. 7. Facial suture—Litsevoi shov. 8. Parafrontalia—Skuly. 9. Lunule—Lunka. 10. Vibrissae—Mustascher, Resnitsy. 11. Vibrissal ridges—Litsevye valiki. 12. Buccae—Baki, Underkinder. 13. Proboscis—Museau, Soska, Sosatel'nyi organ, Sugemund, Sugsnabel, Trompe, Zuiger. 14. Labellum—Sosatel'naya lopast'. M.—THORAX OP A DIPTERON 15. Scutum—Mellankropsrygg, Mellanrygg, Mellemryg, Shchit, Sredne- spinka, átítek, Stfedozadi. 16. Scutellum—Antetergit, Plastinka skutuma. Schildchen, Schildje, Shchitok, átítek, Trekantstykke. 17. Halter—Balancier, Balancierkolfje, K0llelignende Organ, Kyvadelka, Svängkolv, Svingk0lle, Zhuzhzhal'tse. 18. Capitulum of halter—Palicka.

56 FIGURE 3

57 GURE 4

13-

2 3 4 5 6 7 9 8 10 11

58 FIGURE 4. APHID 1. Antennal tubercle—Fühlerhöcker, Panntuberkel, Stirnhöcker. 2. Ocellus—Bi0je, Einfach Auge, Glazok, Nebenauge, Prostoi glaz, Punktauge, Punkt0je, Stirnauge. 3. Eye—Auge, Facet0je, Fazettenauge, Glaz, Netzauge, Öga, Oje, Oko, Sammensatte 0je, Slozhnyi glaz. 4. Ocular tubercle—Augenhöcker, Glazovyi bugorok. 5. Prothorax—Erster Brustring, Forbryst, F0rste Brystring, Forstyk, Frambröst, Predohrud, Vorderbrust. 6. Mesothorax—Anden Brystring, Mellembryst, Srednegrud', Stfedo- hrud. Zweiter Brustring. 7. Metathorax—Bagbrystet, Bagstyk, Bakbröst, Dritter Brustring, Hin- terbrust, Hinterbrustring, Tredje Brystring, Zadnegrud', Zadohrud. 8. Lateral tubercle—Seitenhöcker, Bokovoi bugorok. 9. Dorsal tubercle—Ruckenhöcker, Verknii bugorok. 10. Cauda—Queue, Svans, Khvost. 11. Cornicle—Achterlijfbuisje, Ryggrör, Safthöckerchen, Saftröhre, Saft- rör, Sifoner, Siphonen, Sokovoibugry, Sokovoitrubochky, Tru- bochky. 12. Hindwing—Bagvinge, Bakvinge, Zadnekrylo. 13. Forewing—Framvinge, Perednekrylo.

■¿¡r U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1961 B99322