Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 23 (1): 113–118. June 15, 2017.

Four New Species of the Prostomis (Coleoptera: Prostomidae) from the Oriental Region

Tetsunari ITO and Hiroyuki YOSHITOMI Entomological Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3–5–7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790–8577 Japan

Abstract Four new Oriental species of the genus Prostomis, P. taiwanensis sp. nov. from Taiwan, P. magna sp. nov. and P. parva sp. nov. from Laos, and P. tetragona sp. nov. from Indonesia, are described.

Introduction Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan (TUA). Terminology mainly follows Schawaller (1993), and Seago Up to the present, thirteen species of the genus Prostomis & Beutel (2010). Morphological abbreviations used in this (, Prostomidae) have been recorded from the paper are as follows: BL: total body length (HL+PL+EL); EL: Oriental Region (Schawaller, 2003; Seago & Beutel, 2010; Ito length of elytra in suture from anterior margin of scutellum & Yoshitomi, 2016). However, taxonomic study on the Oriental to elytral apex; EW: maximum width of elytra; HL: head Prostomis is considered to be insuficient, because there are no length from front margin of pronotum to front median margin records of this genus from some countries such as Cambodia, of clypeus; HW: maximum width of head across eyes; JLL: Laos, Myanmar and the Philippines and many islands of length of left jugular process from behind of mentum to apex; Indonesia. Thus, we studied the Oriental specimens of Prostomis JRL: length of right jugular process from behind of mentum to and found four new species from Taiwan, Laos and Sulawesi apex; MLL: length of left mandible from front median margin as described below. As a result, sixteen species of the genus of clypeus to apex; MRL: length of right mandible from front Prostomis are recorded from the Oriental Region in total. median margin of clypeus to apex; PL: length of pronotum in median line; PW: maximum width of pronotum. The average Material and Methods is given in parenthesis after the range. The methods of the observations and dissections were same as in Ito & Yoshitomi (2016). The materials examined in this paper are preserved in Ehime Prostomis taiwanensis sp. nov. University Museum, Matsuyama (EUMJ), National Museum (Figs. 1A, 2A, 2E, 3A–C, 4A–B) of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan (NMNS), Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia (MZBI), Taiwan Prostomis latoris: Schawaller, 1992: 258; Hirano, 1994: 13. Agricultural Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan (TARI), and

Fig. 1. Dorsal habitat of Prostomis spp. A, P. taiwanensis sp. nov.; B, P. magna sp. nov.; C, P. parva sp. nov.; D, P tetragona sp. nov. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

Ⓒ Japanese Society of Systematic Entomology 114 Ito, T. and H. Yoshitomi

Fig. 2. Jugular processes (A–D) and mandibles (E–H) of Prostomis spp. A, E, P. taiwanensis sp. nov.; B, F, P. magna sp. nov.; C, G, P. parva sp. nov.; D, H, P. tetragona sp. nov. (H). Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

Type series. Holotype (EUMJ): male, Taiwan: Nantou, gradually narrowed apically, shorter than parameres, covered Ren'a Township, Hezuo Village, Tatta, 30. IV. 2014, R. Okano with punctures in ventral surface; basal piece oval, as long as leg. Paratypes (EUMJ, NMNS, TARI): 1 ex., Taipingshan, parameres. 1. IV. 2004, C. F. Lee leg.; 5 exs., Taichung, Anmashan, Measurements. Male and female (n = 10). MLL 0.82–1.45 200F, Rd, 4. V. 1990, C. C. Chiang leg.; 10 exs., Taichung, (1.10) mm, MRL 0.80–1.21 (1.00) mm, HL 0.90–1.12 (1.02) Anmashan, 19. I. 2005, H. Y. Lee leg.; 10 exs., Nantou, Ren'a mm, HW 1.50–1.90 (1.74) mm, PL 1.32–1.67 (1.52) mm, PW Township, Hezuo Village, Tatta, 30. IV. 2014, R. Okano leg.; 1.45–1.80 (1.64) mm, EL 4.10–5.01 (4.53) mm, EW 1.58–1.98 1 ex., Hanlien, Nanbutashan, 28. VII. 2007, H. Y. Li leg.; 1 (1.80) mm, JLL 0.68–1.10 (0.85) mm, JRL 0.55–1.00 (0.76) ex., Mt. Alishan, alt. 2,200 m, 22. V. 1981, K. Sasagawa leg.; mm. 13 exs., Pingtung, Tahanshan, 17. X. 2014, Y. T. Chung leg.; Larvae (Fig. 4A–B). Body length about 9.5 mm; distinctly 1 ex., Sungkang, 6. VIII. 1969, Y. Maeda leg.; 2 exs., Shyk flat; urogomphi short, projecting postero-dorsally, with minute Shan, Near, Liu, Kui, 28. VI. 1986, Col. K. Baba leg. projection between urogomphi. Larval specimens examined. 4 exs. (EUMJ), same data as Biological notes. The type specimens collected by RO for the holotype. were found from a rotten wood of broad-leaf tree in a natural Description. Adults. Body (Fig. 1A) large in the genus, forest (Okano, personal communication). oblong, distinctly flat, shiny; surface scattered with fine Remarks. This species is similar to Prostomis latoris punctures; BL 6.46–7.78 (7.06) mm. Coloration of body Reitter, 1889 known from Japan in the shape of mandibles, rubiginous. but differs from it by the following characteristics: 1) right Head short; HL/HW 0.49–0.69 (0.59); HW/PW 1.01–1.10 jugular process transverse at apex (having two small acute (1.06); clypeus projecting anteriorly. Eyes large in size. projections at apex in P. latoris); 2) parameres longer (shorter Antennae moniliform, bearing several setae except for 1th in P. latoris); 3) body size smaller. The larva of this species is segment; 3th segment slender than other segments; 9th to closely similar to Prostomis latoris, but differs from it by the 11th segment ovoid. Mandibles (Fig. 2E) nearly symmetrical, presence of minute projection between urogomphi (Hayashi, swelling a little at lateral margin; MLL/MRL 1.02–1.28 (1.10). 1969). Jugular processes (Fig. 2A) stout and asymmetrical; right process transverse at tips; left process having small acute tips Prostomis magna sp. nov. and a small acute projection at lateral margin; JLL/JRL 1.04– (Figs. 1B, 2B, 2F, 3D–F) 1.24 (1.12). Pronotum subsquare, gently arcuate at lateral and apical margins, with shallow longitudinal groove in median Type series. Holotype (EUMJ): male, Laos: Phou line; PL/PW 0.83–0.99 (0.92). Scutellar shield pentagonal, Samsoum Xieng Khouang Prov., 27. V. 2013, H. Yoshitomi glabrous. Elytra oblong, subparallel-sided near base to apical leg. Paratypes (EUMJ): 2 exs., Mt. Phu-Pan Houa Phan Prov., 1/4; EL/EW 2.39–2.63 (2.52). 17–20. VI. 2003, N. Ohbayashi leg. Aedeagus (Fig. 3A–C) oblong; parameres slender and Description. Adults. Body (Fig. 1B) large in the genus, long, gently tapered apically, with two pairs of short lateral oblong, distinctly flat, shiny; surface scattered with fine setae in apical 1/5, with a long apical seta; median lobe stout, punctures; BL 8.02 mm. Coloration of body blackish brown.

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Fig. 3. Aedeagi of Prostomis spp. Prostomis taiwanensis sp. nov. (A–C), P. magna sp. nov. (D–F), P. parva sp. nov. (G–I), P. tetragona sp. nov. (J–L). — A, D, G, J, Dorsal side; B, E, H, K, ventral side; C, F, I, L, lateral side. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Head short; clypeus projecting anteriorly; HL/HW 0.60; with a long apical seta; median lobe short, gradually narrowed HW/PW 1.10. Eyes large in size, strong prominent. Antennae apically, shorter than parameres, covered with punctures in moniliform, bearing several setae except for 1th segment; 3th ventral surface; basal piece oval, as long as parameres, arcuate segment slender than other segments; 9th to 11th segment at basal margin, widest at basal 1/2. ovoid. Mandibles (Fig. 2F) nearly symmetrical, expanded in Measurements (n = 1). MLL 1.92 mm; MRL 1.20 mm; lateral margin; MLL/MRL 1.60. Jugular processes (Fig. 2B) JLL 1.14 mm; JRL 0.92 mm; HL 1.32 mm; HW 2.21 mm; PL slender, long, asymmetrical; right process gradually tapering 1.21 mm; PW 2.01 mm; EL 5.49 mm; EW 2.28 mm. apically, pointed at apex; left process having long sharp tip Biological notes. The holotype was collected with some with small acute projection at lateral margin; JLL/JRL 1.24. adults of Istrisia sp. (Salpingidae) from a rotten wood (ca. 60 Pronotum subsquare, arcuate at lateral margins, with shallow cm in diameter) of conifer in a natural forest. longitudinal groove in median line; PL/PW 0.60. Scutellar Remarks. This species is similar to Prostomis edithae shield pentagonal, glabrous. Elytra oblong, subparallel-sided Schawaller, 1991 originally known from the Himalayas (Nepal near base to apical 1/4; EL/EW 2.41. and Darjeeling) in the shapes of mandibles (Schawaller, 1991), Aedeagus (Fig. 3D–F) oblong; parameres stout and long, but differs from it by the following characteristics: 1) right attached each other in basal part, gently tapered apically in jugular process lacking small acute projection at lateral margin apical 1/4, with two pairs of short lateral setae in apical 1/7, (having a small acute projection at lateral margin in P. edithae);

June 15, 2017, JJSE 23 (1) 116 Ito, T. and H. Yoshitomi

Fig. 4. Larvae of Prostomis taiwanensis sp. nov. (E, F), P. parva sp. nov. (G, H). Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

2) aedeagus slender (stout in P. edithae); 3) parameres long, (1.11). Jugular processes (Fig. 2C) stout and asymmetrical; attached each other in basal part (short, well separate in basal right process having two small acute projection at tips; left part in P. edithae). Schawaller (2003) recorded Prostomis process having small acute tips and a small acute projection at edithae from the Indochinese subregion (China (Yunnan and lateral margin; JLL/JRL 1.05–1.18 (1.12). Sichuan), Vietnam), but he didn’t examine male genitalia. Pronotum subsquare, subparallel-sided, with shallow Revision of the Indochinese specimens will be required in longitudinal groove in median line; PL/PW 0.89–0.98 checking male genitalia. (0.93). Scutellar shield pentagonal, glabrous. Elytra oblong, subparallel-sided; near base to apical 1/4; EL/EW 2.36–2.65 Prostomis parva sp. nov. (2.52). (Figs. 1C, 2C, 2G, 3G–I, 4C–D, 5A–B) Aedeagus (Fig. 3G–I) oblong; parameres slender and long, swelling at apical 1/4, with two pairs of short lateral Type series. Holotype (EUMJ): male, Laos: Phou setae in apical 1/7, with a long apical seta; median lobe stout, Samsoum Xieng Khouang Prov., 27. V. 2013, H. Yoshitomi gradually narrowed apically, shorter than parameres, covered leg. Paratypes (EUMJ, TUA): 42 exs., same data as for with punctures in ventral surface; basal piece oval, as long as the holotype; 2 exs., same locality as above, 9. V. 2010, H. parameres, arcuate at basal margin. Kojima leg. Measurements. Male and female (n = 20). MLL 0.78–1.18 Larval specimens examined. 36 exs. (EUMJ), same data (0.98) mm; MRL 0.65–1.14 (0.89) mm; JLL 0.59–0.99 (0.76) as for the holotype. mm; JRL 0.51–0.89 (0.68) mm; HL 0.90–1.15 (1.03) mm; Description. Adults. Body (Fig. 1C) moderate size in the HW 1.30–1.67 (1.52) mm; PL 1.21–1.48 (1.36) mm; PW genus, oblong, distinctly flat, shiny; surface scattered with 1.24–1.59 (1.46) mm; EL 3.32–4.18 (3.80) mm; EW 1.29–1.65 fine punctures; BL 5.65–6.71 (6.19) mm. Coloration of body (1.50) mm. rubiginous. Larvae (Fig. 4C–D). Body length about 10.0 mm; Head short; HL/HW 0.57–0.86 (0.68); HW/PW 0.97–1.12 distinctly flat; urogomphi relatively long, nipple-like, (1.04); clypeus projecting anteriorly. Eyes moderate in size. projecting postero-dorsally. Antennae moniliform, bearing several setae except for 1th Biological notes. The type specimens collected by HY segment; 3th segment slender than other segments; 9th to 11th were found from a rotten wood (ca. 20 cm in diameter) of segment ovoid. Mandibles (Fig. 2G) slightly symmetrical broad-leaf tree in a natural forest (Fig. 5 A–B). and slender, lacking punctures in ventral side; right mandible Remarks. This species is similar to Prostomis mordax straight near base to apical 2/3 at lateral margin, having small Reitter, 1887 in the shapes of mandibles, but differs from step at corner; left mandible straight at lateral margin, having it by the following characteristics: 1) jugular processes small projection at anterior margin; MLL/MRL 1.02–1.24 asymmetrical, having two small projection at tips; 2) basal

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Fig. 5. Adults (A, C) and its habitat (B, D) of Prostomis parva sp. nov. (A, B) and Prostomis tetragona sp. nov. (C, D). piece oval; 3) apical setae at the apices of parameres long. (1.05); clypeus projecting anteriorly. Eyes moderate in size. In Laos, two species (P. magna sp. nov. and P. parva sp. Antennae moniliform, bearing several setae except for 1th nov.) are distributed in sympatrically. One species (P. magna segment; 3th segment slender than other segment; 9th to 11th sp. nov.) was collected from a rotten wood of conifer, and segment ovoid. Mandibles (Fig. 2H) nearly asymmetrical another (P. parva sp. nov.) was from broad-leaf tree. All the and slender, having parallelogram-shaped projection at species of the genus Prostomis is associated with brown rot base to apical 1/3 of lateral margin; MLL/MRL 0.96–1.08 (Seago & Beutel, 2010; Fukasawa, 2013), but association (1.01). Jugular process (Fig. 2D) nearly symmetrical, of plant species is unknown. More information about plant slender, long, pointing toward the right above, gradually species is needed. tapering apically, pointed at apex; JLL/JRL 1.03–1.13 (1.08). Pronotum subsquare, swelling at lateral margin, with shallow Prostomis tetragona sp. nov. longitudinal groove in median line; PL/PW 0.91–0.98 (Figs. 1D, 2D, 2H, 3J–L, 5C–D) (0.94). Scutellar shield pentagonal, glabrous. Elytra oblong, subparallel-sided near base to apical 1/4; EL/EW 2.51–2.60 Type series. Holotype (EUMJ): male, Indonesia: GOWA, (2.56) . Mt. (Gunung) Lompobatang, Sulawesi, Selaten, 17. I. 2013, K. Aedeagus (Fig. 3J–L) oblong; parameres slender, gently Takasuka leg. Paratypes (EUMJ, MZBI): 3 exs., same data as tapered apically, with two pairs of short lateral setae in for the holotype. apical 1/4, with a long apical seta; median lobe slender, Description. Adults. Body (Fig. 1D) large size in the gradually narrowed apically, shorter than parameres, covered genus, oblong, distinctly flat, shiny; surface scattered with fine with punctures in ventral surface; basal piece oval, shorter punctures; BL 8.57–9.60 (9.04) mm. Coloration of body dark parameres, arcuate at basal margin. brown. Measurements. Male and female (n = 4). MLL 1.01–1.38 Head short; HL/HW 0.64–0.71 (0.68); HW/PW 1.04–1.07 (1.15) mm; MRL 0.98–1.41 (1.15) mm; JLL 0.89–1.12 (1.01)

June 15, 2017, JJSE 23 (1) 118 Ito, T. and H. Yoshitomi mm; JRL 0.82–1.09 (0.93) mm; HL 1.36–1.55 (1.46) mm; References HW 2.01–2.35 (2.15) mm; PL 1.83–2.08 (1.93) mm; PW Fukasawa, Y., 2013. The influences of wood decay fungi and their 1.92–2.20 (2.04) mm; EL 5.28–6.02 (5.66) mm; EW 2.08–2.38 decay types on communities of diverse organisms developed (2.21) mm. on coarse woody debris. Japanese Journal of Ecology, 63: Biological notes. The type series were collected with 311–325. (In Japanese.) Aesalus sp. (Lucanidae) from a rotten stump of broad-leaf tree Ito, T. & H. Yoshitomi, 2016. A new species of the genus Prostomis (Fig. 5C–D) (Takasuka, personal communication). (Coleoptera, Prostomidae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia. Elytra, Remarks. This species is similar to Prostomis weigeli n.s., 6: 269–273. Schawaller, 2003 and P. lawrencei Schawaller, 1993 known Hayashi, N., 1969. On the larvae of some species of small families of in Japan (Coleoptera). Insecta matsumurana, from Papua New Guinea in the shapes of mandibles, jugular supplement, 7: 1–9, 5 pls. processes and aedeagus (Schawaller, 2003), but differs from Schawaller, W., 1991. Prostomidae (Coleoptera) aus dem Himalaya it by the following characteristics: 1) having parallelogram- mit einem Beitrag zur Larvalmorphologie. Stuttgarter Beiträge shaped projection at base to apical 1/3 lateral margin (knob- zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 461: 1–17. shaped projection in P. weigeli); 2) inner side of jugular Schawaller, W., 1993. The genus Prostomis (Coleoptera: process liner (having small dilatation in P. lawrencei); 3) Prostomidae) in and adjacent region. Stuttgarter aedeagus more slender P. weigeli; 4) parameres weakly curved Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 489: 1–12. Schawaller, W., 2003. New species and records of Prostomis interiorly in apical 1/5 (gently curved interiorly from base in P. Latreille, including the first fossil records from Baltic amber lawrencei). and a checklist of the species (Coleoptera: Prostomidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 650: Acknowledgments 1–11. Schunger, I., R. G. Beutel & R. Britz, 2003. Morphology of We wish to express our deep gratitude to Dr. Chi-Feng Lee immature stages of (Coleoptera: (TARI), Dr. Ming-Luen Jeng (NMNS), Dr. Keizo Takasuka Tenebrionoidea: Prostomidae). European Journal of (Keio University), Mr. Ryosuke Okano (IDEA Consultants, Entomology, 100: 357–370. Inc.), and Dr. Hiroaki Kojima (TUA) for giving us the chance Seago A., & R. G. Beutel, 2010. Prostomidae G. G. Thomson, to examine the precious materials. This study is supported 1859. In Kristensen N. P., & R. G. Beutel (eds.), Handbook in part by KAKENHI (24405028; principal investigator: S. of Zoology, Vol IV, Arthropoda: Insecta, Part 38, Coleoptera Okajima). , Vol. 2, Morphology and Systematic. Pp. 659–667. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.

[Received: May 11, 2017; accepted: May 24, 2017]

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