Durankulak Lake IBA

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Durankulak Lake IBA

Chapter · January 2007

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Petar Iankov Nicky Petkov Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds

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The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. ÁÚËÃÀÐÑÊÎ ÄÐÓÆÅÑÒÂÎ ÇÀ ÇÀÙÈÒÀ ÍÀ ÏÒÈÖÈÒÅ ÏÐÈÐÎÄÎÇÀÙÈÒÍÀ ÏÎÐÅÄÈÖÀ - ÊÍÈÃÀ 11 BULGARIAN SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION OF BIRDS CONSERVATION SERIES - BOOK 1 ÎÐÍÈÒÎËÎÃÈ×ÍÎ ÂÀÆÍÈ ÌÅÑÒÀ Â ÁÚËÃÀÐÈß È ÍÀÒÓÐÀ 2000

Important Bird Areas in Bulgaria and Natura 2000

Îòãîâîðíè ðåäàêòîðè: Èðèíà Êîñòàäèíîâà Ìëàäåí Ãðàìàòèêîâ

Ôèíàíñèðàíà îò: Ïðåäïðèÿòèå çà óïðàâëåíèå äåéíîñòèòå ïî îïàçâàíå íà îêîëíàòà ñðåäà êúì Ìèíèñòåðñòâîòî íà îêîëíàòà ñðåäà è âîäèòå Êðàëñêîòî äðóæåñòâî çà çàùèòà íà ïòèöèòå ïî ïðîãðàìàòà íà BirdLife International çà Îðíèòîëîãè÷íî âàæíèòå ìåñòà

Sponsored by: Enterprise for Management of the Activities on Environment Conservation under the Ministry of Environment and Water Royal Society for the Protection of Birds according to BirdLife International Programme for Important Bird Areas

Ñîôèÿ 2007 ÁÄÇÏ 43°39'53"N, 28°32'52"E ÄÓÐÀÍÊÓËÀØÊÎ ÅÇÅÐÎ Ïëîù / Area: 3 355,9 ha DURANKULAK LAKE Íàäì. â. / Altitude: 0 - 46 m A1, A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C6

BG050 Ñíèìêà: Ïåòúð ßíêîâ Ïåòúð Ñíèìêà:

Îáëàñò: Äîáðè÷ District: Dobrich Îáùèíà: Øàáëà Municipality: Shabla ÐÈÎÑÂ: Âàðíà RIEW: Varna Áàñåéíîâà äèðåêöèÿ: ×åðíîìîðñêè áàñåéí Region Basin Directorate: Black sea ÄÄÑ: "Áàë÷èê" State Game Breeding Station: "Balchik"

Ñîáñòâåíîñò: äúðæàâíà - 61%; îáùèíñêà - 12%; ÷àñòíà - 27% Ownership: State - 61%; Municipality - 12%; Private - 27% Çåìåïîëçâàíå: çåìåäåëèå - 61%; ãîðñêî ñòîïàíñòâî - 9%; ïðèðîäîçàùèòà, Land-use: Agriculture - 61%; Forestry - 9%; Nature conservation, research - 16%; ïðîó÷âàíå - 16%; àêâàêóëòóðè, ðèáàðñòâî - 25%; îòäèõ, òóðèçúì - 50%; ëîâ - 90%; Fisheries, aquaculture - 25%; Tourism, recreation - 50%; Hunting - 90%; Urban, ñåëèùà, ïðîìèøëåíîñò, òðàíñïîðò - 3%; óïðàâëåíèå íà âîäèòå - 4% industrial, transport - 3%; Water management - 4%

Îïèñàíèå Êðàéìîðñêî ëèìàííî ñëàäêîâîäíî äî áðàêè÷íî åçå- ðî ñ åñòåñòâåí ïðîèçõîä è çíà÷èòåëíè îáðàñòâàíèÿ îò âîäîëþáèâà ðàñòèòåëíîñò. Ðàçïîëîæåíî å â Ñåâåðîèçòî÷íà Áúëãàðèÿ, â ðàéîí ñúñ ñàðìàòñêè âà- ðîâèöè, íà 6 km îò ãðàíèöàòà ñ Ðóìúíèÿ, èçòî÷íî îò åäíîèìåííîòî ñåëî. Åçåðîòî å çàîáèêîëåíî ñ îáðà- áîòâàåìè çåìè è ñòåïíè òåðèòîðèè. Ïÿñú÷íè äþíè è ïëàæíà èâèöà ãî îòäåëÿò îò ìîðåòî íà èçòîê. Ñðåä þãîçàïàäíàòà îòêðèòà åçåðíà àêâàòîðèÿ ñà ðàçïîëî- æåíè 2 îñòðîâà, åäèíèÿò îò êîèòî å àðõåîëîãè÷åñêè

Description A coastal firth freshwater-brakish lake of natural origin, fringed by extensive reedbeds. It is located in north-eastern Bulgaria, in a region of Sarmatian limestones, 6 km from the border with Romania, to the east of the village of Durankulak. The lake is surrounded by farmland and steppe territories. Sand dunes and beach separate it from the sea on the east. Two islands, one of which is an archaeological site, are located in the lake’s south-western open water mirror. The lake’s water balance is determined mainly

291 ÎÐÍÈÒÎËÎÃÈ×ÍÎ ÂÀÆÍÈ ÌÅÑÒÀ Â ÁÚËÃÀÐÈß È ÍÀÒÓÐÀ 2000 ÄÓÐÀÍÊÓËÀØÊÎ ÅÇÅÐÎ IMPORTANT BIRD AREAS IN BULGARIA AND NATURA 2000 DURANKULAK LAKE

×èñëåíîñò íà ïîïóëàöèèòå Îöåíêà íà ïîïóëàöèèòå Population number Population assesment Âèä / Species Ãíåçäîâè ïåðèîä Ìèãðàöèÿ Çèìóâàíå Öÿëîñòíà Ïîïóëàöèÿ Îïàçâàíå Èçîëèðàíîñò Êðèòåðèé çà ÎÂÌ Breeding Staging Wintering îöåíêà Population Conservation Isolation IBA Criterion (äâ./pairs) (èíä./ind.) (èíä./ind.) Global assesment ×åðâåíîãóø ãìóðêà÷ Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata - - 0-1 A A B A A4iii, C4 ×åðíîãóø ãìóðêà÷ Arctic Loon Gavia arctica 0-58 èíä./ind 2-30 2-26 A A C A A4iii, C4 Ìàëúê ãìóðåö Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis 8-15 1-61 2-11 B A C B A4iii, C4 Ãîëÿì ãìóðåö Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus 6-12 2-50 7-360 B A C B A4iii, C4 ×åðâåíîãóø ãìóðåö Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena 0-16 èíä./ind 1-14 2-3 C C B A4iii, C4 Óøàò ãìóðåö Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus - 1-3 0-3 B A C B A4iii, C4 ×åðíîâðàò ãìóðåö Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis - 7-280 9-770 A A C A A4iii, C4 Îáèêíîâåí áóðåâåñòíèê Yelkouan Shearwater Puffinus yelkouan - + - C A B A A4iii, C4 Ãîëÿì êîðìîðàí Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo - 3-511 1-409 B A C A A4iii, C4 Ñðåäåí êîðìîðàí European Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis - 1-18 4-35 B A C B A4iii, C4 Màëúê êîðìîðàí Pygmy Cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmeus - 24-1305 4-536 A A C A A4iii, C4, A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2 Ðîçîâ ïåëèêàí Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus - 31-1200 - B A C A A4iii, C4 Êúäðîãëàâ ïåëèêàí Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus - 0-2 2-200 A A B A A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2 Ãîëÿì âîäåí áèê Great Bittern Botaurus stellaris 0-2 1-16 1-10 C A C C A4iii, C4 Màëúê âîäåí áèê Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus 14-17 2-3 - C A C B C6 Íîùíà ÷àïëà Black-crowned Night-heron Nycticorax nycticorax 0-2 èíä./ind 1-19 - B A C B A4iii, C4 Ãðèâåñòà ÷àïëà Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides 0-3 èíä./ind - - D Ìàëêà áÿëà ÷àïëà Little Egret Egretta garzetta 1-13 èíä./ind 1-47 - C A C C A4iii, C4 Ãîëÿìà áÿëà ÷àïëà Great Egret Casmerodius albus - 1-12 1-90 B A C B A4iii, C4 Ñèâà ÷àïëà Grey Heron Ardea cinerea 5-8 1-172 1-6 B A C B A4iii, C4 ×åðâåíà ÷àïëà Purple Heron Ardea purpurea 15 20-61 - B A C A C6 ×åðåí ùúðêåë Black Stork Ciconia nigra - 0-11 - D A4iii, C4 Áÿë ùúðêåë White Stork Ciconia ciconia 2-3 187-5000 - C A C B A4iii, C4 Áëåñòÿù èáèñ Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus - 3-194 - A A C A A4iii, C4 Áÿëà ëîïàòàðêà Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia - 2-103 - A A C A A4iii, C4 Íÿì ëåáåä Mute Swan Cygnus olor 1-2 7-17 22-460 A A C A A4iii, C4, B1 Òóíäðîâ ëåáåä Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus - 0-20 0-1 A A C A A4iii, C4 Ïîåí ëåáåä Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus - 5-8 15-304 A A C A A4iii, C4 Ïîñåâíà ãúñêà Bean Goose Anser fabalis - - 1-5 B A C A A4iii, C4 Ãîëÿìà áåëî÷åëà ãúñêà Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons - 520-19500 5657-104837 A A C A A4iii, C4, A4i, B1i, C3 Màëêà áåëî÷åëà ãúñêà Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus - 1-5 15-50 A A C A A1, C1 Ñèâà ãúñêà Greylag Goose Anser anser 1-2 1-15 6-2202 A A C A A4iii, C4, B1i, C3 ×åðâåíîãóøà ãúñêà Red-breasted Goose Branta ruficollis - 2-15000 300-39233 A A C A A4iii, C4, A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C2 ×åðâåí àíãú÷ Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea - - 0-6 C A C A A4iii, C4 Áÿë àíãú÷ Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna 0-1 17-230 1-41 B A C B A4iii, C4 Ôèø Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope 0-1 4-590 4-700 A A C A A4iii, C4 Ñèâà ïàòèöà Gadwall Anas strepera 0-1 2-11 3-12 C A C C A4iii, C4 Çèìíî áúðíå Common Teal Anas crecca - 7-90 5-980 A A C A A4iii, C4 Çåëåíîãëàâà ïàòèöà Mallard Anas platyrhynchos - 11-8105 381-42814 A A C A A4iii, C4 Øèëîîïàøàòà ïàòèöà Northern Pintail Anas acuta - 15-164 12-65 A A C A A4iii, C4 Ëÿòíî áúðíå Garganey Anas querquedula 1 210-580 - A A C A A4iii, C4 Êëîïà÷ Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata 0-3 16-523 3-22 A A C A A4iii, C4 ×åðâåíîêëþíà ïîòàïíèöà Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina - 1-48 1-10 A A C A A4iii, C4 Êàôÿâîãëàâà ïîòàïíèöà Common Pochard Aythya ferina 2-4 3-150 370-7000 A A C A A4iii, C4 Áåëîîêà ïîòàïíèöà Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca 12-22 3-67 - B A C A A1, C1 Êà÷óëàòà ïîòàïíèöà Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula - 3-1066 350-1503 A A C A A4iii, C4 Ïëàíèíñêà ïîòàïíèöà Greater Scaup Aythya marila - 2-16 1-3 B A C A A4iii, C4 Îáèêíîâåíà ãàãà Common Eider Somateria mollissima - 0-1 0-1 C A B C A4iii, C4 Êàäèôåíà ïîòàïíèöà White-winged Scoter Melanitta fusca - 0-2 - A A C A A4iii, C4 Çâúíàðêà Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula - 0-4 4-64 A A C A A4iii, C4 Ìàëúê íèðåö Smew Mergellus albellus - 2-27 2-49 B A C B A4iii, C4 Ñðåäåí íèðåö Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator - 4-71 2-69 B A C B A4iii, C4 Ãîëÿì íèðåö Common Merganser Mergus merganser - 0-1 1-5 B A C B A4iii, C4 Òðúíîîïàøàòà ïîòàïíèöà White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala - 2-5 5-16 C A C B A1, C1, C6 Îñîÿä European Honey-buzzard Pernis apivorus -+-D Ìîðñêè îðåë White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla - 0-1 1-2 C B C C A4iii, C4 Îðåë çìèÿð Short-toed Snake-eagle Circaetus gallicus -+-D Òðúñòèêîâ áëàòàð Western Marsh-harrier Circus aeruginosus 4 3-50 2-12 B A C A C6 Ïîëñêè áëàòàð Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus - 2-20 2-50 B A C C A4iii, C4 Ñòåïåí áëàòàð Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus - 0-1 - D Ëèâàäåí áëàòàð Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus - 1-2 + D Êúñîïðúñò ÿñòðåá Levant Sparrowhawk Accipiter brevipes - 0-1 - D Áåëîîïàøàò ìèøåëîâ Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus - 0-1 1-3 D Ìàëúê êðåñëèâ îðåë Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina -+-D Ãîëÿì êðåñëèâ îðåë Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga - 0-1 1 B A C A Ðå÷åí îðåë Osprey Pandion haliaetus - 1-6 - C A C C A4iii, C4 Âå÷åðíà âåòðóøêà Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus 0-5 + - B A C A B2, C6 Ìàëúê ñîêîë Merlin Falco columbarius -+1D Ëîâåí ñîêîë Saker Falcon Falco cherrug -+-D Ñîêîë ñêèòíèê Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus -+-D Êðåùàëåö Water Rail Rallus aquaticus 14-18 2-5 1-17 C A C C A4iii, C4 Ãîëÿìà ïúñòðóøêà Spotted Crake Porzana porzana 1 0-6 - C A C B A4iii, C4 Ñðåäíà ïúñòðóøêà Little Crake Porzana parva 7 1-6 - A A C A A4iii, C4, C6 Ìàëêà ïúñòðóøêà Baillon's Crake Porzana pusilla 1-3 3-4 - B A C A A4iii, C4, B2,C6 Ëèâàäåí äúðäàâåö Corncrake Crex crex -+-D Çåëåíîíîæêà Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus 15-25 1-60 0-1 C A C A A4iii, C4 Ëèñêà Common Coot Fulica atra 15-20 9-2040 143-13225 A A C A A4iii, C4 Ñèâ æåðàâ Common Crane Grus grus - 1-31 - B A C B A4iii, C4 Ñòðåïåò Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax - - 0-1 A A B A Ñòðèäîÿä Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus - 2-12 - B A B B A4iii, C4 Êîêèëîáåãà÷ Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus 1 3-8 - C A C C A4iii, C4 Ñàáëåêëþí Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta - 3-18 0-5 C A C C A4iii, C4 Òóðèëèê Eurasian Thick-knee Burhinus oedicnemus 5-7 2-21 - B A C B A4iii, C4 Êàôÿâîêðèë îãúðëè÷íèê Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola 2-14 2-10 - B A C B B2, C6 ×åðíîêðèë îãúðëè÷íèê Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni - 0-4 - A A B A A4iii, C4 Ïÿñú÷åí äúæäîñâèðåö Common Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula - 1-27 - C A C C A4iii, C4 Ìîðñêè äúæäîñâèðåö Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus 7-22 6-41 0-1 A A C A B2, C6 Ïëàíèíñêè äúæäîñâèðåö Eurasian Dotterel Eudromias morinellus - 0-1 - B A B A A4iii, C4 Çëàòèñòà áóëêà Eurasian Golden-plover Pluvialis apricaria - 15-260 0-2 B A C A A4iii, C4 Ñðåáðèñòà áóëêà Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola - 1-13 2-9 B A C B A4iii, C4 Îáèêíîâåíà êàëóãåðèöà Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus 1 1-96 1-45 B A C B A4iii, C4

292 ÎÐÍÈÒÎËÎÃÈ×ÍÎ ÂÀÆÍÈ ÌÅÑÒÀ Â ÁÚËÃÀÐÈß È ÍÀÒÓÐÀ 2000 ÄÓÐÀÍÊÓËÀØÊÎ ÅÇÅÐÎ IMPORTANT BIRD AREAS IN BULGARIA AND NATURA 2000 DURANKULAK LAKE

îáåêò. Âîäíèÿò áàëàíñ íà åçåðîòî ñå îïðåäåëÿ ãëàâíî îò ïîäçåìíèòå âîäè è âàëåæèòå. by underground waters and rainfalls. In strong sea storms seawater may enter the lake Ïðè ñèëíî âúëíåíèå ïðåç ïÿñú÷íàòà êîñà å âúçìîæíî íàâëèçàíå íà ìîðñêà âîäà â åçå- through the sand strip. The main habitats are the open water areas and the huge massifs of ðîòî. Îñíîâíè ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ ñà îòêðèòèòå âîäíè ïëîùè è îáøèðíèòå ìàñèâè îò âèñ- vascular hygrophyte vegetation, covering mainly the northern (Eagle Marsh) and south- øà âîäîëþáèâà ðàñòèòåëíîñò, ïîêðèâàùè ïðåäèìíî ñåâåðíàòà (Îðëîâîòî áëàòî) è western (Vaklino Arm) parts of the lake, as well as the marsh on its south-eastern side. þãîçàïàäíàòà (Âàêëèíñêèÿ ðúêàâ) ÷àñòè íà åçåðîòî êàêòî è áëàòîòî îò þãîèçòî÷íàòà They are dominated by Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, Typha latifolia and ìó ñòðàíà. Ñðåä òÿõ äîìèíèðàò îáèêíîâåíàòà òðúñòèêà /Phragmites australis/, òåñíî- Shoenoplectus triqueter. Around the lake’s south-western part there are shrub associations ëèñòíèÿò /Typha angustifolia/, øèðîêîëèñòíèÿò ïàïóð /Typha latifolia/ è òðèðúáåñòèÿò of Paliurus spina-christi, Crataegus monogyna, Rosa canina and artificial plantations of êàìúø /Shoenoplectus triqueter/. Îêîëî þãîçàïàäíàòà ÷àñò íà åçåðîòî ñà îáîñîáåíè poplar Populus sp., Fraxinus oxycarpa, Fraxinus ornus, Prunus machaleb. Groups of õðàñòîâè àñîöèàöèè îò äðàêà /Paliurus spina-christi/, îáèêíîâåí ãëîã /Crataegus White Willow Salix alba trees have naturally appeared among the reedbeds in the lake’s monogyna/, øèïêà /Rosa canina/ è èçêóñòâåíî ñúçäàäåíè íàñàæäåíèÿ îò òîïîëà Vaklino Arm. /Populus sp./, ïîëñêè ÿñåí /Fraxinus oxycarpa/, ìúæäðÿí /Fraxinus ornus/, ìàõàëåáêà /Prunus machaleb/. Ñðåä âîäîëþáèâàòà ðàñòèòåëíîñò âúâ Âàêëèíñêèÿ ðúêàâ íà åçåðî- Ornithological importance òî èìà åñòåñòâåíî ïîÿâèëè ñå ãðóïè îò áÿëà âúðáà /Salix alba/. Durankulak lake and its adjacent territories support 260 bird species, 107 of which are listed in the Red Data Book for Bulgaria (in press). Of the birds occurring there 110 Îðíèòîëîãè÷íà ñòîéíîñò species are of European conservation concern (SPEC) (BirdLife International, 2004), 14 Â Äóðàíêóëàøêîòî åçåðî è ïðèëåæàùèòå ìó òåðèòîðèè ñà óñòàíîâåíè 260 âèäà, îò êî- of them being listed in category SPEC 1 as globally threatened, 27 in SPEC 2 and 69 in èòî 107 ñà âêëþ÷åíè â ×åðâåíàòà êíèãà íà Áúëãàðèÿ (ïîä ïå÷àò). Îò ñðåùàùèòå ñå âè- SPEC 3 as species threatened in Europe. The area provides suitable habitats for 95 species, äîâå 110 ñà îò åâðîïåéñêî ïðèðîäîçàùèòíî çíà÷åíèå (SPEC) (BirdLife International, included in Annex 2 of the Biodiversity Act, which need special conservation measures, of 2004). Êàòî ñâåòîâíî çàñòðàøåíè â êàòåãîðèÿ SPEC1 ñà îïèñàíè 14 âèäà, à êàòî çà- which 91 are listed also in Annex I of the Birds Directive. Durankulak lake is a site of ñòðàøåíè â Åâðîïà ñúîòâåòíî â êàòåãîðèÿ SPEC2 - 27 âèäà, â SPEC3 - 69 âèäà. global importance for the wintering waterfowl, mainly because of the great concentrations Ìÿñòîòî îáõâàùà ïîäõîäÿùè ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ çà 95 âèäà, âêëþ÷åíè â Ïðèëîæåíèå 2 íà of geese. Along with the White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons, considerable numbers of ÇÁÐ, çà êîèòî ñå èçèñêâàò ñïåöèàëíè ìåðêè çà çàùèòà. Îò òÿõ 91 ñà âïèñàíè ñúùî â Red-breasted Geese Branta ruficollis spend the winter there. In January and February Ïðèëîæåíèå ² íà Äèðåêòèâà 79/409/ÅÈÎ. Äóðàíêóëàøêîòî åçåðî å ìÿñòî îò ñâåòîâíî almost the entire global population of this species stays in the lakes of Shabla and çíà÷åíèå çà âîäîëþáèâèòå ïòèöè ïðåç çèìàòà. Çàåäíî ñ ãîëÿìàòà áåëî÷åëà ãúñêà Durankulak, which makes them one of the most important wetland areas in the world. . /Anser albifrons/ òóê â çíà÷èòåëíè êîëè÷åñòâà çèìóâà ñâåòîâíî çàñòðàøåíàòà ÷åðâåíî- The Lesser White-fronted Goose /Anser erythropus/ regularly occurs among the numerous ãóøà ãúñêà /Branta ruficollis/ êàòî ïî÷òè öÿëàòà é ñâåòîâíà ïîïóëàöèÿ ïðåç ÿíóàðè è goose flocks. The lake is one of the places with great winter concentrations of Mallard

293 ÎÐÍÈÒÎËÎÃÈ×ÍÎ ÂÀÆÍÈ ÌÅÑÒÀ Â ÁÚËÃÀÐÈß È ÍÀÒÓÐÀ 2000 ÄÓÐÀÍÊÓËÀØÊÎ ÅÇÅÐÎ IMPORTANT BIRD AREAS IN BULGARIA AND NATURA 2000 DURANKULAK LAKE

ôåâðóàðè ïðåáèâàâà â Äóðàíêóëàøêîòî è Øàáëåíñêîòî åçåðî, êîåòî íåñúìíåíî ãè Anas platyrhynchos in the country. It is one of the few places in Bulgaria where the Red- ïðàâè åäíè îò íàé-çíà÷èìèòå âëàæíè çîíè â ñâåòà. Ñðåä ìíîãîáðîéíèòå ÿòà ãúñêè ðå- throated Diver Gavia stellata, Demoiselle Crane Antropoides virgo and the Little Bustard äîâíî ñå ñðåùà è ñâåòîâíî çàñòðàøåíàòà ìàëêà áåëî÷åëà ãúñêà /Anser erythropus/. Tetrax tetrax have been recorded. As the lake is located on the Via Pontica migration Åçåðîòî å åäíî îò ìåñòàòà â ñòðàíàòà ñ ãîëåìè ñòðóïâàíèÿ íà çåëåíîãëàâà ïàòèöà /Anas flyway and close to the Danube delta, it is one of the most important stations in the bird platyrhynchos/ ïðåç çèìàòà è åäíî îò íÿêîëêîòî ìåñòà â Áúëãàðèÿ, êúäåòî ïðåç ïîñëåä- migration along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Especially numerous are the storks íèòå ãîäèíè ñà íàáëþäàâàíè ÷åðâåíîãóøèÿ ãìóðêà÷ /Gavia stellata/, ìîìèíèÿ æåðàâ Ciconiiformes, geese Anseriformes and plovers Charadriiformes. On migration the area is /Antropoides virgo/ è ñòðåïåòà /Tetrax tetrax/. Òúé êàòî ìÿñòîòî ñå íàìèðà íà ìèãðà- used as a roost by the White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus, the Pygmy Cormorant öèîííèÿ ïúò Via Pontica è â áëèçîñò äî Äóíàâñêàòà äåëòà, òî å åäíà îò íàé-âàæíèòå Phalacrocorax pygmeus and single Greater Spotted Eagles Aquila clanga. The globally ñòàíöèè ïðè ïðåëåòà íà ïòèöèòå ïî Áúëãàðñêîòî ×åðíîìîðèå. Îñîáåíî ìíîãîáðîéíè threatened Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola recorded in the wetland on ñà ùúðêåëîïîäîáíèòå /Ciconiiformes/, ãúñêîïîäîáíèòå /Anseriformes/ è äúæäîñâèðöî- migration. Less numerous, both in winter and on migration, are the White-headed Duck ïîäîáíèòå /Charadriiformes/ ïòèöè. Èçïîëçâà ñå êàòî ìÿñòî çà ïî÷èâêà ïî âðåìå íà Oxyura leucocephala and the Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus (Ivanov, 1993). The ïðåëåò îò ðîçîâèÿ ïåëèêàí /Pelecanus onocrotalus/, ìàëêèÿ êîðìîðàí /Phalacrocorax coastal marine waters infront of the lake are used by the Mediterranean Shearwater pygmeus/, êàêòî è îò åäèíè÷íè åêçåìïëÿðè íà ãîëåìèÿ êðåñëèâ îðåë /Aquila clanga/. Puffinus yelkouan for foraging. The lake is one of the five most important sites in the Ïî âðåìå íà ìèãðàöèÿ å óñòàíîâåíî è âîäíîòî øàâàð÷å /Acrocephalus paludicola/, êî- country for the breeding Purple Heron Ardea purpurea, Kentish Plover Charadrius åòî å çàñòðàøåíî îò èç÷åçâàíå â ñâåòà. Â ïî-ìàëêè êîëè÷åñòâà, êàêòî ïðåç çèìàòà, òà- alexandrinus, the Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus, the Collared Pratincole Glareola êà è ïî âðåìå íà ìèãðàöèÿ ñà îòáåëÿçàíè òðúíîîïàøàòàòà ïîòàïíèöà /Oxyura pratincola, the Little Crake Porzana parva, the Little Tern Sterna albifrons and the Red- leucocephala/ è êúäðîãëàâèÿò ïåëèêàí /Pelecanus crispus/ (Èâàíîâ, 1993). footed Falcon Falco vespertinus (Appendix 11). Although less numerous, the globally Ñðåäèçåìíîìîðñêèÿò áóðåâåñòíèê /Puffinus yelkouan/ ñå õðàíè â êðàéáðåæíèòå ìîð- threatened Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca (Appendix 9) also breeds in the area, along ñêè âîäè ïðåä åçåðîòî. ÎÂÌ Äóðàíêóëàøêî åçåðî å åäíî îò íàé-âàæíèòå â ñòðàíàòà with some other rare and threatened species, like the Bittern Botaurus stellaris, the Stone ìåñòà çà ãíåçäåíåòî íà ÷åðâåíàòà ÷àïëà /Ardea purpurea/, ìîðñêèÿ äúæäîñâèðåö Curlew Burchinus oedicnemus and the Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris. /Charadrius alexandrinus/, òðúñòèêîâèÿ áëàòàð /Circus aeruginosus/, êàôÿâîêðèëèÿ îãúðëè÷íèê /Glareola pratincola/, ñðåäíàòà ïúñòðóøêà /Porzana parva/, áåëî÷åëàòà ðè- Site designation áàðêà /Sterna albifrons/ è âå÷åðíàòà âåòðóøêà /Falco vespertinus/ (Ïðèëîæåíèå 11). The Durankulak Lake itself was designated as protected area in 1983 for the protection of Eçåðîòî å îñíîâíîòî ãíåçäîâèùå ïî íàøåòî ×åðíîìîðèå íà ñâåòîâíî çàñòðàøåíàòà threatened species of waterfowl (Appendix 12). It covers about 13% of the territory of the áåëîîêà ïîòàïíèöà /Aythya nyroca/ (Ïðèëîæåíèå 9). Ìàêàð è â ïî-ìàëêè êîëè÷åñòâà proposed SPA. A management plan of the protected area has been adopted. Since 1984 the òóê ãíåçäÿò è íÿêîè äðóãè ðåäêè è çàñòðàøåíè îò èç÷åçâàíå âèäîâå ïòèöè êàòî ãîëå- lake was designated as Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention. ìèÿ âîäåí áèê /Botaurus stellaris/, ñîâîîêèÿ äúæäîñâèðåö /Burchinus oedicnemus/ è In 1989 the area was designated as Important Bird Area by BirdLife International. In 1998 ïîëñêàòà áúáðèöà /Anthus campestris/. about 23% of the site become CORINE Site because of its European value for rare and threatened habitats, plant and animal species, including birds. The IBA borders with IBA Ïðèðîäîçàùèòåí ñòàòóñ RO082 in Romania (table 7, Chapter «Results of the IBA research in Bulgaria»). IBA is Ñàìî 13 % îò òåðèòîðèÿòà íà ÎÂÌ Äóðàíêóëàøêîòî åçåðî å ñúñ ñòàòóò íà çàùèòåíà candidate SPA under Bird Directive (code BG0002050). ìåñòíîñò, îáÿâåíà ïðåç 1983 ã. ñ öåë îïàçâàíå íà çàñòðàøåíè âèäîâå âîäîëþáèâè ïòèöè. Â ñèëà å ïëàí çà óïðàâëåíèå íà çàùèòåíàòà ìåñòíîñò. Ïðåç 1984 ã. Vulnerability Äóðàíêóëàøêîòî åçåðî å îáÿâåíî çà Âëàæíà çîíà ñ ìåæäóíàðîäíî çíà÷åíèå ñúãëàñíî The area of Durankulak Lake is used water abstraction for irrigation purposes, commercial Ðàìñàðñêàòà êîíâåíöèÿ. Ïðåç 1989 ã. òåðèòîðèÿòà å îïðåäåëåíà îò fishing and collecting of crayfish, angling, cattle sheep and goat grazing, small-size reed BirdLife International çà Îðíèòîëîãè÷íî âàæíî ìÿñòî. Ïðåç 1998 ã. 23% îò òåðèòî- cutting, intensive agriculture (vegetables, grain crops), recreation, small-size forestry, ðèÿòà íà ìÿñòîòî å îïðåäåëåíà çà ÊÎÐÈÍÅ ìÿñòî, ïîðàäè åâðîïåéñêîòî è çíà÷åíèå hunting out of the protected area. Over-abstraction of waters for irrigation damage the çà îïàçâàíåòî íà ðåäêè è çàñòðàøåíè ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ, ðàñòåíèÿ è æèâîòíè, âêëþ÷è- water balance of the lake. The illegal fishing and hunting and sand extraction from the òåëíî ïòèöè. Îðíèòîëîãè÷íî âàæíîòî ìÿñòî ãðàíè÷è ñ ÎÂÌ RO082 â Ðóìúíèÿ (Òà- sand dunes, as well as the non-regulated grazing in the water-fringe vegetation cause áëèöà 7, Ãëàâà ”Ðåçóëòàòè îò ïðîó÷âàíåòî íà ÎÂÌ â Áúëãàðèÿ”). ÎÂÌ å ïðåäëîæåíî habitat destruction and disturbance for the biodiversity. The legal hunting activities out of çà âêëþ÷âàíå â Íàöèîíàëíàòà åêîëîãè÷íà ìðåæà è Íàòóðà 2000 ïîä êîä BG0002050. the protected area permanently chases the wintering geese from the arable lands located around the northern part of the lake which are the most preferable feeding areas for the Óÿçâèìîñò è çàïëàõè geese. Due to intensive agricultural activities in the arable lands neighbouring the lake and Äóðàíêóëàøêîòî åçåðî ñå ïîëçâà êàòî èçòî÷íèê íà âîäè çà íàïîÿâàíå, çà ïðîìèøëåí intensive livestock breeding the concentration of biogens (esp. ammonium and ðèáîëîâ è ñúáèðàíå íà ðå÷íè ðàöè, è â ïî-ìàëêà ñòåïåí – äîáèâ íà òðúñòèêà. phosphates) and organic matters in the lake have drastically increasing in recent decades. Îêîëíèòå òåðèòîðèè ñå ïîëçâàò çà ïàøà íà äîìàøíè æèâîòíè, çåìåäåëèå (îòãëåæäà- Intensive agricultural activities in the catchment area of the lake, and those in the 70s and íå íà çåëåí÷óöè è çúðíåíè êóëòóðè), îòäèõ è òóðèçúì, â ïî-ìàëêà ñòåïåí ãîðñêî-ñòî- the 80s in particular, involving the use of big quantities of phosphates and nitrates, the ïàíñêè äåéíîñòè, êàêòî è ëîâ èçâúí çàùèòåíàòà òåðèòîðèÿ. Íåçàêîííèÿò ëîâ è ðèáî- wrong storage of fertilizers and the absence of communal waters treatment have also ëîâ, íåçàêîííèÿò äîáèâ íà ïÿñúê îò ïÿñú÷íèòå äþíè, êàêòî è áåçêîíòðîëíàòà ïàøà â seriously contributed to increasing the biogenic elements in the lake. Unregulated water êðàéáðåæíàòà ðàñòèòåëíîñò âîäè äî âëîøàâàíå íà ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿòà è áåçïîêîéñòâî pumping for drinking and irrigation needs causes unnatural reduction in the water level. íà ïòèöèòå. Çàêîííèÿò ëîâ èçâúí çàùèòåíàòà òåðèòîðèÿ ïîñòîÿííî ïðîãîíâà çèìóâà- The excessive biogenic content and the disturbance of the natural water level in the lake ùèòå ãúñêè îò çåìåäåëñêèòå çåìè ñåâåðíî îò åçåðîòî, êîèòî ñà íàé-ïðåäïî÷èòàíè îò is the main reason for the acceleration of the euthrophication processes and disturbing the ãúñêèòå êàòî ìÿñòî çà õðàíåíå. Ïîðàäè èíòåíçèâíîòî çåìåäåëèå â îêîëíèòå îáðàáî- water ecosystem’s equilibrium. Recently the area is under big pressure by plans for òâàåìè çåìè, âêëþ÷âàùî ïîëçâàíåòî íà ãîëåìè êîëè÷åñòâà íèòðàòè è ôîñôàòè, íå- development of new recreation facilities, as well as construction of wind turbine farms. ïðàâèëíî ñúõðàíåíèå íà èçêóñòâåíè òîðîâå, êàêòî è èíòåíçèâíîòî æèâîòíîâúäñòâî è The intensive development of tourism connected to a building of new hotels will cause ëèïñàòà íà ïðå÷èñòâàíå íà âîäèòå, êîíöåíòðàöèÿòà íà áèîãåííè åëåìåíòè (îñîáåíî deterioration and even loss of valuable habitats, as well as significant human pressure and àìîíèåâè ñîëè è ôîñôàòè) è îðãàíè÷íà ìàòåðèÿ â åçåðîòî äðàñòè÷íî ñå ïîâèøè ïðåç disturbance to birds, which is much higher than the carrying capacity of the wetland. Even ïîñëåäíèòå äåñåòèëåòèÿ. Áåçêîíòðîëíîòî âîäîïîëçâàíå çà ïèòåéíè íóæäè è íàïîÿâà- now a lot of tourists enter the protected area through the sand dunes during the breeding íå âîäè äî íååñòåñòâåíî ïîíèæàâàíå íà âîäíîòî ðàâíèùå. Ãîëÿìîòî êîëè÷åñòâî áèî- season and cause pollution of habitats and disturbance to birds. The wind turbine farms ãåííè åëåìåíòè è íàðóøàâàíåòî íà åñòåñòâåíîòî âîäíî íèâî íà åçåðîòî ñà îñíîâíà- will cause disturbed movement and fragmentation of the habitats used by migratory birds. òà ïðè÷èíà çà íàðàñòâàíå íà åóòðîôèêàöèÿòà è íàðóøàâàíå íà ðàâíîâåñèåòî íà âîä- They will be a barrier for thousands of migratory soaring birds and night migrants on their íàòà åêîñèñòåìà. flyway to the south and north and will cause significant mortality of birds and further Ïðåç ïîñëåäíèòå ãîäèíè Äóðàíêóëàøêîòî åçåðî å ñèëíî çàñòðàøåíî îò ïëàíîâå çà decline in their populations. ðàçâèòèåòî íà íîâè îáåêòè çà îòäèõ è òóðèçúì, êàêòî è èçãðàæäàíå íà âåòðîåíåðãèé- íè ïàðêîâå. Èíòåíçèâíîòî ðàçâèòèå íà òóðèçìà, ñâúðçàíî ñ èçãðàæäàíåòî íà íîâè õî- Suitable regimes and conservation measures òåëè, ùå äîâåäå äî âëîøàâàíå íà êà÷åñòâàòà è äîðè óíèùîæàâàíå íà öåííè ìåñòîî- No activities causing habitat destruction should be allowed: change of the purpose and the áèòàíèÿ, êàêòî è çíà÷èòåëåí àíòðîïîãåíåí íàòèñê è áåçïîêîéñòâî íà ïòèöèòå, êîèòî permanent use of meadows, pastures, glades, marshes, wetlands and water streams, and ñà ìíîãî ïî-âèñîêè îò ïðàãà íà ïîíîñèìîñò íà Âëàæíàòà çîíà. Äîðè ïðè ñåãàøíàòà their adjacent territories; construction of new infrastructure, roads, temporary ñèòóàöèÿ ìíîãî òóðèñòè íàâëèçàò ïðåç ïÿñú÷íèòå äþíè â çàùèòåíàòà òåðèòîðèÿ ïî constructions, recreational, sports and entertainment facilities, holiday villages, or âðåìå íà ãíåçäîâèÿ ïåðèîä è ïðåäèçâèêâàò áåçïîêîéñòâî íà ïòèöèòå è çàìúðñÿâàíå. enlargement of the existing ones (as per 1 January 2007); ploughing up, draining and Âåòðîåíåðãèéíèòå ïàðêîâå ùå çàòðóäíÿâàò ñâîáîäíîòî ïðèäâèæâàíå íà ïòèöèòå è change of the water regime of the existing (as per 1 January 2007) wetlands and marshes, ùå äîâåäàò äî ôðàãìåíòèðàíå íà ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿòà íà ìèãðèðàùèòå è çèìóâàùèòå as well as draining activities in their catchments; construction activities on the territory and

294 ÎÐÍÈÒÎËÎÃÈ×ÍÎ ÂÀÆÍÈ ÌÅÑÒÀ Â ÁÚËÃÀÐÈß È ÍÀÒÓÐÀ 2000 ÄÓÐÀÍÊÓËÀØÊÎ ÅÇÅÐÎ IMPORTANT BIRD AREAS IN BULGARIA AND NATURA 2000 DURANKULAK LAKE

ïòèöè. Âåòðîâèòå ãåíåðàòîðè ùå áúäàò áàðèåðà çà õèëÿäè ðååùè ñå ìèãðèðàùè ïòè- the banks of the existing wetlands; any construction of complexes, residential, hotel and öè è íîùíè ìèãðàíòè ïî ïúòÿ èì íà þã è íà ñåâåð è ùå ïðè÷èíÿò çíà÷èòåëíà ñìúðò- temporary buildings on the beach and in the 200 m zone next to it; construction of new íîñò è ñúîòâåòíî íàìàëÿâàíå íà òåõíèòå ïîïóëàöèè. buildings, except for facilities defined by the management plan; construction of golf courses, airports, and windfarms and related electricity transmission networks. Ïîäõîäÿùè ðåæèìè è ìåðêè çà îïàçâàíå No activities that degrade habitat qualities should be allowed: disturbance of the natural Íåäîïóñòèìè ñà äåéíîñòè, âîäåùè äî ðàçðóøàâàíå íà ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿòà: ïðîìÿíà íà state of the water areas, banks and adjacent territories; direct draining of water from the ïðåäíàçíà÷åíèåòî è íà÷èíà íà òðàéíî ïîëçâàíå íà ëèâàäè, ïàñèùà, ïîëÿíè, ìåðè, ìî- lake; disposal of organic and other substances leading to eutrophication of the wetlands; ÷óðèùà, âîäîåìè è âîäíè òå÷åíèÿ è ïðèëåæàùèòå èì òåðèòîðèè; èçãðàæäàíå íà íî- deforestation of the banks of the water bodies in the areas with nesting birds; grazing of âà èíôðàñòðóêòóðà, ïúòèùà, ñãðàäè, âðåìåííè ïîñòðîéêè, ðåêðåàöèîííè, ñïîðòíè è livestock in the massifs with water-fringe vegetation, except for cattle (cows, buffaloes); óâåñåëèòåëíè ñúîðúæåíèÿ, êóðîðòíè è âèëíè çîíè èëè ðàçøèðÿâàíå íà ñúùåñòâóâà- felling in nesting colonies and within a radius of 300 m around them; removal of specific ùèòå êúì 1 ÿíóàðè 2007 ã.; ðàçîðàâàíå, ïðåñóøàâàíå è ïðîìÿíà íà âîäíèÿ ðåæèì íà landscape features (field boundaries, hedges, single-standing trees, forest shelter belts, ñúùåñòâóâàùèòå êúì 1 ÿíóàðè 2007 ã. âëàæíè çîíè è ìî÷óðèùà, êàêòî è îòâîäíèòåë- etc.); construction of new electricity transmission networks; release of waters from íè äåéíîñòè âúâ âîäîñáîðà èì; çàñòðîÿâàíå íà òåðèòîðèÿòà è áðåãîâåòå íà ñúùåñòâó- purification installations, mineral springs, non-purified industrial and communal waters, âàùèòå âëàæíè çîíè; âñÿêàêâî ñòðîèòåëñòâî íà êîìïëåêñè, æèëèùíè, õîòåëñêè è etc.; pollution of the waters and other areas with industrial, toxic, household, construction, âðåìåííè ïîñòðîéêè âúðõó ïëàæíàòà èâèöà è â çîíàòà îò 200 m â ñúñåäñòâî ñ íåÿ; íî- and other waste, and deposition of such waste; use of artificial fertilisers and other âî ñòðîèòåëñòâî, îñâåí íà ïîñî÷åíèòå â ïëàíà çà óïðàâëåíèå ñúîðúæåíèÿ; èçãðàæäà- chemical substances, poisons and other non-selective instruments for combating pests; use íå íà ãîëô èãðèùà, ëåòèùà è âåòðîåíåðãèéíè ñúîðúæåíèÿ è ïàðêîâå è ñúïúòñòâàùè of artificial chemical fertilisers up to 5 km from the banks of the lake and 500 m from the ãè íàäçåìíè åëåêòðîïðåíîñíè ìðåæè. banks of the rivers in its catchments; creation of monoculture blocks larger than 1 ha; Íåäîïóñòèìè ñà äåéíîñòè, âîäåùè ïðÿêî äî âëîøàâàíå êà÷åñòâàòà íà ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ- growing of genetically modified plants; introduction of exotic plant and animal species; òà: íàðóøàâàíå íà åñòåñòâåíîòî ñúñòîÿíèå íà âîäíè ïëîùè, áðåãîâå è ïðèëåæàùè òå- trawling of the sea bed. ðèòîðèè; äèðåêòíî èçïîìïâàíå íà âîäè îò åçåðîòî; âíàñÿíå íà áèîãåíè è äðóãè âåùå- No activities causing destruction or disturbance of birds should be allowed: access of ñòâà, âîäåùè äî åóòðîôèêàöèÿ íà âëàæíèòå çîíè; ïàøà íà äîìàøíè æèâîòíè â ìàñè- people and human activities within a radius of 300 to 500 m around nesting colonies or âèòå îò âîäîëþáèâà ðàñòèòåëíîñò, ñ èçêëþ÷åíèå íà åäúð ðîãàò äîáèòúê (êðàâè, áèâî- nests of birds of prey in the breeding season (March – July); commercial and recreational ëè); ñå÷è â ãíåçäîâè êîëîíèè è â ðàäèóñ îò 300 m îêîëî òÿõ; ïðåìàõâàíå íà õàðàêòå- fishing in the breeding and/or congregation areas of waterfowl; hunting of partridges and ðèñòèêè íà ëàíäøàôòà (ñèíîðè, ïëåòîâå, åäèíè÷íè äúðâåòà, ïîëåçàùèòíè ïîÿñè è quails in the period August – September; entering the lake with boats and other vessels, as äð.); èçãðàæäàíå íà íîâè íàäçåìíè åëåêòðîïðåíîñíè ìðåæè; çàóñòâàíå âúâ âëàæíàòà well as construction of all kinds of quays; use of special methods and techniques for çîíà íà âîäè îò ïðå÷èñòâàòåëíè ñòàíöèè, ìèíåðàëíè èçâîðè, íåïðå÷èñòåíè èíäóñòðè- chasing away waterfowl; rearing of game and hunting, except for regulation of the animal àëíè è êîìóíàëíè âîäè è äð.; çàìúðñÿâàíå íà âîäèòå è òåðåíèòå ñ ïðîìèøëåíè, òîê- populations; camping and fire making outside the designated places; stay and movement ñè÷íè, áèòîâè, ñòðîèòåëíè è äðóãè îòïàäúöè è äåïîíèðàíå è ñúõðàíåíèå íà òàêèâà of people carrying traps, snares, crossbows, bows, firearms or armour; camping and îòïàäúöè; èçïîëçâàíå íà èçêóñòâåíè òîðîâå è äðóãè õèìè÷åñêè ïðåïàðàòè, îòðîâè è bathing in the breeding season (March – July) of the qualifying species. äðóãè íåñåëåêòèâíè ñðåäñòâà çà áîðáà ñ âðåäèòåëèòå; ïîëçâàíå íà èçêóñòâåíè õèìè- All activities that degrade the quality of the habitats or cause disturbance to birds should ÷åñêè òîðîâå è ïðåïàðàòè íà ðàçñòîÿíèå äî 5 km îò áðåãîâåòå íà åçåðîòî è äî 500 m be allowed only on designated places and under conditions in accordance with a îò áðåãîâåòå íà ïîðå÷èÿòà îò âîäîñáîðíèÿ ìó áàñåéí; ñúçäàâàíå íà áëîêîâå îò ìîíî- management plan. êóëòóðè ñ ðàçìåðè íàä 1 ha; îòãëåæäàíå íà ãåííîìîäèôèöèðàíè êóëòóðè; âíàñÿíå íà For maintenance and improvement of the current habitat condition additional measures íåïðèñúùè çà ðàéîíà ðàñòèòåëíè è æèâîòèíñêè âèäîâå; òðàëåíå íà ìîðñêîòî äúíî. should be undertaken: maintenance of suitable water regime, which ensures adequate Íåäîïóñòèìè ñà äåéíîñòè, âîäåùè äî óíèùîæàâàíå è áåçïîêîéñòâî íà ïòèöèòå: äî- functioning and use of the wetland; limiting the annual water winning from the wetland ñòúï íà õîðà è ñòîïàíñêè äåéíîñòè ïðåç ãíåçäîâèÿ ïåðèîä (ìàðò - þëè) íà òåðèòîðèÿ maintenance of the traditional crops and the mosaic character and the diversity of the ñ ðàäèóñ 300 äî 500 m îêîëî ãíåçäîâè êîëîíèè èëè ãíåçäà íà ãðàáëèâè ïòèöè; ïðî- arable lands and crops; retention of small uncultivated land pieces with natural vegetation ìèøëåí è ëþáèòåëñêè ðèáîëîâ â ìåñòàòà è ðàéîíèòå íà ãíåçäåíå è/èëè ñòðóïâàíå íà among the plots with winter wheat in the areas with intensive farming; defining and âîäîëþáèâè ïòèöè; ëîâ íà ÿðåáèöè è ïúäïúäúöè â ïåðèîäà àâãóñò – ñåïòåìâðè; âëè- marking of the tourist areas according to a management plan; maintenance of a permanent çàíåòî â åçåðîòî ñ ëîäêè è äðóãè ïëàâàòåëíè ñðåäñòâà, êàêòî è èçãðàæäàíåòî, ïîëçâà- natural strip along the arable lands with a minimum breadth of 10 m; permanent íå è ïîääúðæàíå íà êåéîâè ñúîðúæåíèÿ è ñòîÿíêè çà âñÿêàêâè ïëàâàòåëíè ñúäîâå; abandonment of compact arable lands with a size of at least 0.5 ha among the intensive èçïîëçâàíå íà ìåòîäè è ñðåäñòâà çà ïðîãîíâàíå íà âîäîëþáèâè ïòèöè; äèâå÷îðàçâúä- farming areas; maintenance of winter wheat around the water body up to 5 km from its íà äåéíîñò è ëîâ, îñâåí ïðè ðåãóëèðàíå íà ÷èñëåíîñòòà íà æèâîòèíñêè âèäîâå; áè- banks; maintenance of a minimal amount of scattered plots with winter crops with a total âàêóâàíå è ïàëåíå íà îãúí èçâúí îïðåäåëåíèòå çà òàçè öåë ìåñòà; ïðåñòîé èëè äâè- area of 15 – 30 ha for 1,000 birds, making sure there are good conditions for grazing by æåíèå íà ëèöà, íîñåùè êàïàíè, ïðèìêè, àðáàëåòè, ëúêîâå, îãíåñòðåëíî îðúæèå â waterfowl; establishment of animal passes during the renovation of existing roads and the ñãëîáåíî è ðàçãëîáåíî ñúñòîÿíèå èëè áîåïðèïàñè; êúìïèíãóâàíå è ïëàæóâàíå â ïå- construction of new ones; monitoring of the qualifying species and their habitats and the ðèîäà íà ãíåçäåíå íà ïòèöèòå, îáåêò íà îïàçâàíå (ìàðò – þëè). effectiveness of the conservation efforts. Äåéíîñòè, âîäåùè äî âëîøàâàíå íà ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ èëè áåçïîêîéñòâî íà ïòèöè, ìî- æå äà ñå äîïóñêàò íà îïðåäåëåíè ìåñòà è ïðè óñëîâèÿ ñúãëàñíî ðàçðàáîòåí ïëàí çà Dimitar Georgiev, Sergei Dereliev, Dr. Petar Iankov, óïðàâëåíèå. Dr Nikolai Petkov, Ivailo Ivanov

Çà ïîääúðæàíå è ïîäîáðÿâàíå íà ñåãàøíîòî ñúñòîÿíèå íà ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿòà å íåîáõî- äèìî: ïîääúðæàíå íà ïîäõîäÿù âîäåí ðåæèì, êîéòî îñèãóðÿâà ïúëíîöåííî ôóíêöèî- íèðàíå è èçïîëçâàíå íà âëàæíàòà çîíà; ïîñòàâÿíå íà ëèìèò çà ãîäèøíîòî âîäî÷åðïåíå îò âëàæíàòà çîíà; ïîääúðæàíå íà òðàäèöèîííèòå çà ðàéîíà çåìåäåëñêè êóëòóðè è íà ìîçàå÷åí õàðàêòåð è ðàçíîîáðàçèåòî íà çåìåäåëñêèòå çåìè è çåìåäåëñêèòå êóëòóðè; îñòàâÿíå íà ìàëêè íåîáðàáîòåíè ïàð÷åòà çåìÿ ñ åñòåñòâåíà ðàñòèòåëíîñò ñðåä ïëîùè- òå ñ åñåííèöè â ðàéîíèòå ñ èíòåíçèâíî çåìåäåëèå; îïðåäåëÿíå è ìàðêèðàíå íà ìåñòà- òà çà ïîñåùåíèå îò òóðèñòè ñúãëàñíî ïëàí çà óïðàâëåíèå; îñòàâÿíå íà ïîñòîÿííà íåîáðàáîòåíà èâèöà ïî êðàèùàòà íà îáðàáîòâàåìèòå çåìè ñ ìèíèìàëíà øèðèíà îò 10 m; òðàéíî èçâåæäàíå îò îáðàáîâàíå íà êîìïàêòíè ïëîùè ñ ðàçìåð íàé-ìàëêî 0,5 ha ñðåä èíòåíçèâíè çåìåäåëñêè çåìè; ïîääúðæàíå íà çèìíèöè îêîëî âîäîåìà íà ðàçñòîÿ- íèå äî 5 km îò áðåãîâåòå ìó; çàïàçâàíå íà ìèíèìàëíè ðàçïðúñíàòî ðàçïîëîæåíè ïëî- ùè ñúñ çèìíè êóëòóðè ñ îáù ðàçìåð 15 - 30 ha çà 1000 ïòèöè ñ îñèãóðÿâàíå íà óñëîâèÿ çà ïàøà íà âîäîïëàâàùè ïòèöè; èçãðàæäàíå íà ïðîõîäè çà æèâîòíè ïðè îáíîâÿâàíåòî íà ñúùåñòâóâàùèòå è èçãðàæäàíåòî íà íîâè ïúòèùà; ïðîñëåäÿâàíå íà ñúñòîÿíèåòî íà âèäîâåòå – îáåêò íà îïàçâàíå, è íà òåõíèòå ìåñòîîáèòàíèÿ è åôåêòèâíîñòòà íà ïðåä- ïðèåòèòå äåéñòâèÿ çà ïîñòèãàíå íà òåõíèÿ áëàãîïðèÿòåí ïðèðîäîçàùèòåí ñòàòóñ.

Äèìèòúð Ãåîðãèåâ, Ñåðãåé Äåðåëèåâ, Ä-ð Ïåòúð ßíêîâ, Ä-ð Íèêîëàé Ïåòêîâ, Èâàéëî Èâàíîâ

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