ESP Testing and Training (HP-41)

Copyrlghl @ PPC 1981 AUGUST - DECEMBER 1981 VOL, 8 NO, 6

- APPLICATIONS Hewlett-Packard 14 CVD COLUMN - SP AND USERS LIBRARY Keith Jarett 19 BIGINNERS CORNER - SP INTRODUCTION Craig Pearce 39 THE MICRO SCEME - # 18 BINARY, ETC. Keith Kendall 40 BARE BONES PREFIX MASKER Roger Hi11 4 5 PSEUDO NAMES - SYNTHETIC ASSIGNMENTS Lee Vogel 4 9 EXCHANGING QUADS OR PORT EXTENDERS Ron Knapp 5 1 NONSENSE! Gregor B. McCurdy 5 2 HP-41 LONG FORM BRANCHING TO SHORT FORM LABELS Bob Fagaly 5 2 67/41 DATA AND RESULT REPLACEMENT Rolf R. Schmill 5 3 -2 -2 = 22? John Massman 54 MORE HP-41 SPEEDUP Valentin Albillo 5 5 RN SEED GENERATIOIY FOR HP-41 Joseph Horn 56 PPC ROM ROUTINE BRANCHING TABLE \, Charles T. Tart 62 ESP TESTING AlYD TRAINING -(lTzFi ;Hal Purth?ff ', John ~ennedy- 6 3 ~~141VIRTURAL MEMORY Robert S. Bradford 7 5 IMPRESSIONS OF THE HP-11C Egon Jensen 7 7 THE 41 "SCRATCH" REGISTERS PROGRAMS Stephen L. Morgan 4 1 HP-97/41 ACID-BASE SPECIES DISTRIBUTION Thomas Fange 4 4 HP-41 CATCH THE GOllFERS Kiyoshi Akima 48 HP-41 EIGHT QUEENS PROBLEM Duane Hanselman 5 3 HP-34 INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM Benoi t Maag 54 HP-41 HEX TO/FROM DECIMAL Erwin Gostel i 58 HP-41 BLDSPEC GENERATOR Duane Hanselman 5 9 HP-34C SMITH CHART Name? 60 HP-41 Nth ORDER POLYNOMIAL FITTING Valentin Albillo 65 HP-41 MINI-CHESS Ron Knapp 68 HP-41 FASTEST PI TO 1,000 D Walter W. Steffen 7 1 HP-41 11 CURVES - BEST FIT Jack Kahoun 7 5 HP-67/97 SllNRISE/SUNSET Valentin Albillo 76 HP-67 FOURIER SERIES - HARMONIC ANALYSIS James Kami nski 7 8 HP-41 INDIRECT SORTING New PPc Address ...2 FURTHER READING ...21 PPC EPROM LIBRARY ...... 50 HP STATUS ...... 2 TIPS...... 22 PPC CONSULTANT REGISTER ...50 t4OP ...... 2 BITS & PIECES ....23 PPC ROM OVERLAYS...... 54 EDITORIAL ...... 3 ROM PROGRESS. ....24 Telephone Bulletin...... 58 FEEDBACK...... 4 HP Press Releases ..30 TRADING POST...... 69 CHAPTER NOTES ... .15 ROUTINES .....38 Keying Synthetic Instructions 79 34C NOTES ...... 21 F25 STAT BUG. ....45 HP-41 HEX Table ...... 80 HELP...... 21 HP-IL & "X" FUNCTIONS 46 results, the niorc likely that they arc due to ESP. Improb- ability can come from obviously spectacular scores in a small ESP TESTING AND TRAINING WITH THE HP-41C number of'trials, or from small deviations above chance that - 1 continue over~ larse numbers of trials. If p is the probability of a hit on a single trial by chance alone (where p is one Extrasensory pcrccption (ESP) is defined as the ability LO divided by Llie nunbcr of choices-), and N is the number of her i~iLornlationwithout the usc of any currrntly known scn- trials, then we expect about Np hiLs per run of N trials with scs or physical cncrgics. Knovinl: what somcon~!else is thlnk- snlall tluctua~ionsabove and below this mean ,by chance. lo ing is popularly called cclcpathy, directly knowing the state assess tllc statistical significance of a given result, you can of mat~cr,even tl~oughno olic else knows it at thc time, is use the formula ','-v- H-Np called clairvoyance, and predicting the futurc r~t~cnit can't be logically inferred or controlled is prccoanitio~,. Altliough nz- a representative survey showed Lhat a majority of the American where = 1 - p and z is the standard normal deviate, a value population believe tllcy've personally experienced somc kind of that can be looked up in any statistics book to give you a Pro- ESP (see C. Tart, z:Scientific Studies of the Psychic 3, bability of your getting a score as high or higher than You Dutton, 1977), the question oL its existellce is still Contro- by chance alone. A word of xdarning, though. The versial in scientific circles, partly because it's difficult formula is the normal approximation to the exact binomial dis- to reliably demonstrate ESP on demand. This article describes tribution, and the product Npq should be greater than 9, pre- a program for your HP41C or CV that turns it into an ESP test- ferably a lot greater, for the approximation to be good. By ing and training device, so you may be able to discover how the time you've done several hundred trials with 5-choices, say, much ESP you have, and have ari opportunity to improve your ESP. the formula is fine. For smaller series or individual runs, We'll sketch the program operation first and come back to the you need to do an exact binomial calculation, but we can't get testing and training part later. into that routine here. For your convenience, we've tabled the When you execute "ESP" (conveniently assigned to somc key minimum number of hits you must get for your results to be in the USER mode), the program asks you for the date (NR MN? significant (probability less than .05) for 5 different run for number of month, NR DY? for number of day, and YEAR?), so lrngths over four popular choice ranges. Those of you who are you'll have a permanent record if you'rc using a printcr. If very interested in the statistical foundations of this kind of you'rc nut going to use a printcr, program lines 08-13 can be testing should see Burdick and Kelly's chapter in B. Wolman et deleted. Then it wants the number of target choices (CIIOICES?) al's Handbook of para psycho lo^ (Van NostrandlReinhold, 1977). you'll bc calling. If you enter 5 and RIS, c.g.,number keys Here are some psychological suggestions on testing. Do it 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 \,ill then represent the five targets of the when you're relaxed and in a good mood. Bad moods have been test. It then prompts you for run length (RN LN?): a run is a known to lead to scores significantly below chance expectation, preset number of trials, after which your results can be tor- as the ESP process gets "reversed in polarity:" Don't run your- mally evaluated. Next the program asks you for the timc, to self into the ground: run lengths of 25 trials are plenty, and the nearest second (e.g., 914.32): this is not only for record a break between runs may be useful. Elost ESP testing has been purposes, it is a way of getting a secd for the pseudo-random done with 5 choices. If you go down to 2 choiccs you'll get number gcncrator (PKNG) subroutinc in a way which is largcly lots of correcL beeps, since chance expectancy is 502, but most out of your control and so fairly random. The PRNC subroutinc of those have nothing to do with using ESP and so won't help (LBL 05) then takes the absolute value of the natural log of with possible learning, for reasons discussed below--too much the timc, adds pi to it, raises the result to the fifth power, noise in with the signal. We like 10 choices (0 to 9) for try- takes the fractional part of that result, multiplies it by ing to improve your ESP, but your chance baseline reinforcement your number of choices, and takes the integer portion of the rate is only lo%, so don't get discouraged. Try taking the rcsult LO get a targct number within your choice range. This first impressions that come to mind, see how it works. Try a number is stored on the X-register but is not displayed because variety of strategies, but be playful. Be prepared for a lot he HP41C is displa~lng~ln alpha prompt. We arc indebted to of variation in how well you do. Challenge yourself and your Ed May for Lhis gcn,.rator routine. When you're changing thc friends, keep the atmosphere game-like. Make notes beforehand seed value on every run, as IJC do, it's a quite adequaLe random on your mood or other things that you think might affect your -enerator. performance, keep your records, and see how such factors work You can, or course, cheat at this point by viewing the for you. And don't hesitate to ignore all these suggestions if X-rcgis~er by turninq tllc power off and back on, or by enter- you find another way that works better for you: C ing any numbcr twicc. LO 1,i. surc thc X- and Y-registers are tllc If you have even small indications of ESP, the more inter- same, Ibut this is a program for testing/training yourself, not esting question is can you improve it? Now we deal with the others, so why ctlcat yourself? Also, if you can do the PKNG training aspect of the ESP prograT. Some years ago one of us subroutinc above in your head, to 10 places, accurately, you (C.T.T.), as well as a colleague, Russell Targ, noted that the can get thc rcsult rationally, without ESP, but if you can, standard nmberlcard guessing ESP tests were done in a way in that's as incredible as ESP: which feedback about results on individual trials was very de- layed or non-existent. This is what psychologists call an "extinction paradigm," a way to confuse and eventually elimin- Thc program now pronipts you with the two tones and a ate kind of skilled performance. Sure enough, a review of "READY" in the display (lines 38-41). Now it's your turn to the experimental parapsychology literature showed that practi- use clairvoyance to tell what the undisplayed target number in cally all people who had been tested a long time without feed- the X-register is, enter it on the keyboard, and press RIS. back, eventually lost their ESP abilities. You may have a This is the iiard part: potential for ESP, but you have to learn what actually makes it If your response matches the target, a subroutine (LBL 06) work for you. We learn things by trying all sorts of strategies, gives you a musical beep, displays "CORRECT" for feedback and seeing the results through feedback,discarding the unsuccessful reinrorcement, increments the hits (register 04)and trials strategies, and refining the more successful ones. With the (register 03) counters by one, and selects a new target vith ESP program you can try difEerent kinds of mental strategies the PRNG subroutine. If your response was incorrect, the pro- and see what works and doesn't work for =,or you can take men- gram informs you with a low tone and a display as to what tlic tal pictures of your state of mind before each trial and see target number actually was (LBL 01), increments the trials coun- what mental conditions are associated with success and which ter by one, and reactivates the PRNC to select the next target. with failure. The full theory and initial positive results can There may be occasional trials when you don't want to bet, be read about in C. Tart, Learning to Use Extrasensory Percep- i.e., you have no feeling at all for the target and would like tion, University of Chicago Press, 1976, in the Journal of the to have a new trial without having to just guess and so chance American Society for Psychical Research, 1977, 71, 375-408, a miss that will lower your overall score. If the "PASS" sub- and in R. Targ and H. Puthoff, Hind-Reach, DelacorteIFriede, routine is assigned to a convenient key you can pass anytime. 1977. Keep records of your results, and if you find yourself This gives you feedback (LBL 01) and reactivates the PKNG to improving, drop us a line. Be prepared for a lot of ups, downs, choose a new target without it counting as a trial. and plateaus, but give it a good try. See if you start having When you'vr done enough trials to complete your run, the ESP-like experiences in other areas of your life as you learn "RESULTS" subroutinc sounds a new double-tone sequence and auto- on the llP41C program. If some of us can learn to use ESP matically displays clic results (number of passes, hits, trials, strongly and reliably, tlierr's going to be a revolution in a and percent hits). We've included a double PSE after each re- lot of scientific fields. sult to give you timc to copy them down if you're not letting We would also like to hear from anyone who can figure out your printer (in NORE1 mode) do it for you. If you assign the how to make either of two significant improvements in this pro- "RESULTS" subroutine to a convenient key you can also review gram. First, we'd like to use a true random number generator results to date before the end of a run and then continue witt instead of the current pseudo-random one. If someone could the run. figure out how to count the number of clock pulses between con- At the end of a run ("END OF RUN" displayed), if you want secutive keyboard entries, and use just the last digit or two to do another run with thc same numbcr of choiccs and run lrngth, of it, we could have an electronic roulette whecl type genera- just press RIS. The program will ask you for the time again, tor: the clock runs so fast in comparison to contro1,lable human and then you're off. If you want to change the parameters of reaction time in pushing keyboard buttons that the digits from numbcr of choices or run lrngth, re-execute the entire ESP pro- the hundredths of a second level on down toward microseconds gram. are truly random. Second, can anyone figure out a version of How do you know if your results arc indicative of ESP? this program that makes cheating harder or impossible, so it The standard procedure is that if your proportion of hits is could be used to test people who might not be as honest with us improbable (odds of less than 1 in 20 is the usual scicntific as we are with oursclves? convention), you may be using ESP. The more improbable your

62 P PC Calculator Journal V8 N6 Aug.- Dec. 1981 ..+

Our main purpose in writing this article is to encourage 58 AVIEW bright people to test and develop their own ESP abilities. If 59 CF 12 you get consistently good results, please write and tell us 60 PSE about it. (Tart, Psychology, UCD, Davis, CA 95616; Puthoff, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025). Charles T. Tart (7268) Increment hit counter register llal Puthoff 64 LBL "PASS" Pass subroutine Run Length 65 XEQ 01 66 1 67 ST+ 05 Increment pass counter register 68 GTO 05 69 LBL "RESULTS" 70 TONE 3 71 TONE 2 72 RCL '$5 74 ARCL X Tablc of Significance. Tlie valucs in the body 75 AVIEW of the table arc the number of hits you must 76 PSE rcach or exceed for your ESP results to be 77 PSE statistically significant at a probability of 78 RCL 04 .05 or less, one-tailed. E.g., if you tiad com- 79~NR HITS=I~ pleted 60 trials with a five choice test pro- 80 ARCL X cedure, getting 18 or more hits would occur 81 AVIEW by chance less than 5 in a 100 times, and so 82 PSE suggcsc that ESP was operating. 83 PSE 84 RCL 03 Results presentation subroutine 85 "NR TRIALS=" 01 LBL "ESP" 86 ARCL X 02 FIX 0 87 AVIFvl 88 PSE 89 PSE Initialize data storage registers 90 RCL 04 at 0 91 RCL 03 92 / 93 100 08 "NR MN?" 94 * 09 PROMPT 95 "9QIITS=" 16 "NR DY?" 96 ARCL X 97 AVIEW 12 "YEAR?" Prompt for date (month, da year) 98 PSE 13 PROMPT and run (choices, lengthy 'data 99 PSE 14 "CHOICES=?" 100 CLA 15 PROMPT 101 AVIEW 16 ST0 01 17 "RN LN?" 102 RCL 03 ? 18 PROMPT 103 RCL 00 Test for end of run after reviewing 19 ST0 00 104 X=Y? results 105 GTO 04 20 LBL @4 106 GTO 05 21 "TIME?" 22 PROMPT Prompt for current time, transform 107 LBL 01 23 LN for PRNG seed value 108 "TARGET WAS " 24 ABS 109 ARCL 06 Target identity feedback 25 ST0 02 110 AVIEW subroutine iii PSE 112 RTN 26 LBL 05. ~ 27 PI 11 3 LBL 04 28 RCL 02 Psuedo-random number enerator, 114 "END OF RUN" 29 + fractional output ?pFiNG) End of run display subroutine 30 5 11 5 AVIEW 31 Y~X 116 STOP 32 FRC 117 0 33 ST0 02 Store new PRNG seed 118 ST0 $3 119 ST0 04 Subroutine for setting up new run 34 RCL 01 120 ST0 05 with same number of choices and 35 * Scale PRNG output to desired num- 121 GTO 04 same run length 36 INT ber of choices 122 ADV 37 ST0 06 123 END 38 "READY" 39 TONE 6 4~ TONE 6 Prompt user for response 41 PROMPT 42 X=Y? 43 GTO 06 Test: is response a hit? 44 TONE 0 Target identity feedback subrou- 45 XEQ 01 tine if response was a miss 46 LBL 07 47 1 Increment trials counter register 48 ST+ 03

54 LBL 06 55 SF 12 56 BEEP 57 " CORRECT" Hit feedback Tart & Puthoff 1

ESP TESTING AND TRAINING WITH THE HP41C Extrasensory perception (ESP) is defined as the ability to gather information without the use of any currently known sen- ses or physical energies. Knowing what someone else is think- ing is popularly called telepathy, directly knowing the state of matter, even though no one else knows it at the time, is called clairvoyance, and predicting the future when it can't be logically inferred or controlled is precognition. Although a representative survey showed that a majority of the American population believe they've personally experienced some kind of ESP (see C. Tart, Psi: Scientific Studies of the Psychic Realm, Dutton, 1977), the question of its existence is still contro- versial in scientific circles, partly because it's difficult to reliably demonstrate ESP on demand. This article describes a program for your HP41C or CV that turns it into an ESP testing and training device, so you may be able to discover how much ESP you have, and have an opportunity to improve your ESP. We'll sketch the program operation first and come back to the testing and training part later. When you execute "ESP" (conveniently assigned to some key in the USER mode), the program asks you for the date (NR MN? for number of month, NR DY? for number of day, and YEAR?), so you'll have a permanent record if you're using a printer. If you're not going to use a printer, program lines 08-13 can be deleted. Then it wants the number of target choices (CHOICES?) you'll be calling. If you enter 5 and R/S, e.g.,number keys 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 will then represent the five targets of the test. It then prompts you for run length (EU LN?): a run is a preset number of trials, after which your results can be for- mally evaluated. Next the program asks you for the time, to the nearest second (e.g., 914.32): this is not only for record purposes, it is a way of getting a seed for the pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) subroutine in a way which is largely out of your control and so fairly random. The PRNG subroutine (LBL 05) then takes the absolute value of the natural log of the time, adds pi to it, raises the result to the fifth power, takes the fractional part of that result, multiplies it by your number of choices, and takes the integer portion of the result to get a target number within your choice range. This number is stored on the X-register but is not displayed because the W41C is displaying an alpha prompt. We are indebted to Ed May for this generator routine. When you're changing the seed value on every run, as we do, it's a quite adequate random generator. You can, or course, cheat at this point by viewing the X-register by turning the power off and back on, or by enter- ing any number twice to be sure the X- and Y-registers are the same, but this is a program for testingltraining yourself, not others, so why cheat yourself? Also, if you can do the PRNG subroutine above in your head, to 10 places, accurately, you can get the result rationally, without ESP, but if you can, that's as incredible as ESP! Tart & Puthoff 2

The program now prompts you with the two tones and a "READY" in the display (lines 38-41). Now it's your turn to use clairvoyance to tell what the undisplayed target number in the X-register is, enter it on the keyboard, and press R/S. This is the hard part: If your response matches the target, a subroutine (LBL @6) gives you a musical beep, displays "COFUZECT" for feedback and reinforcement, increments the hits (register @4)and trials (register @3) counters by one, and selects a new target with the PRNG subroutine. If your response was incorrect, the program informs you with a low tone and a display as to what the target number actually was (LBL @I), increments the trials counter by one, and reactivates the PRNG to select the next target. There may be occasional trials when you don't want to bet, i.e., you have no feeling at all for the target and would like to have a new trial without having to just guess and so chance a miss that will lower your overall score. If the "PASS" subroutine is assigned to a convenient key you can pass anytime. This gives you feedback (LBL @I) and reactivates the PRNG to choose a new target without it counting as a trial. When you've done enough trials to complete your run, the "RESULTS" subroutine sounds a new double- tone sequence and auto- matically displays the results (number of passes, hits, trials, and percent hits). We've included a double PSE after each result to give you time to copy them down if you're not letting your printer (in NORM mode) do it for you. If you assign the "RESULTS" subroutine to a convenient key you can also review results to date before the end of a run and then continue with the run. At the end of a run ("END OF RUN" displayed), if you want to do another run with the same number of choices and run length, just press R/S. The program will ask you for the time again, and then you're off. If you want to change the parameters of number of choices or run length, re-execute the entire ESP program. How do you know if your results are indicative of ESP? The standard procedure is that if your proportion of hits is improbable (odds of less than 1 in 2@ is the usual scientific convention), you may be using ESP. The more improbable your results, the more likely that they are due to ESP. Improb- ability can come from obviously'spectacular scores in a small number of trials, or from small deviations above chance that continue over large numbers of trials. If p is the probability of a hit on a single trial by chance alone (where p is one divided by the number of choices), and N is the number of trials, then we expect about Np hits per run of N trials with small fluctuations above and below this mean by chance. To assess the statistical significance of a given result, you can use the formula H z = - Np where q = 1 - p and Z is the standard normal deviate, a value that can be looked up in any statistics book to give you a probability of your getting a score as high or higher than you obtained by chance alone. A word of warning, though. The Z Tart & Puthoff 3 formula is the normal approximation to the exact binomial distribution, and the product Npq should be greater than 9, pre- ferably a lot greater, for the approximation to be good. By the time you've done several hundred trials with 5-choices, say, the formula is fine. For smaller series or individual runs, you need to do an exact binomial calculation, but we can't get into that routine here, For your convenience, we've tabled the minimum number of hits you must get for your results to be significant (probability less than .05) for 5 different run lengths over four popular choice ranges. Those of you who are very interested in the statistical foundations of this kind of testing should see Burdick and Kelly's chapter in B. Wolman et al's Handbook of Parapsychology (Van Nostrand/Reinhold, 1977). Here are some psychological suggestions on testing, Do it when you're relaxed and in a good mood. Bad moods have been known to lead to scores significantly below chance expectation, as the ESP process gets "reversed in polarity!" Don't run yourself into the ground: run lengths of 25 trials are plenty, and a break between runs may be useful. Most ESP testing has been done with 5 choices. If you go down to 2 choices you'll get lots of correct beeps, since chance expectancy is 5@%,but most of those have nothing to do with using ESP and so won't help with possible learning, for reasons discussed below--too much noise in with the signal. We like 10 choices (0 to 9) for trying to improve your ESP, but your chance baseline reinforcement rate is only la%, so don't get discouraged. Try taking the -. first impressions that come to mind, see how it works. Try a variety of strategies, but be playful. Be prepared for a lot of variation in how well you do. Challenge yourself and your friends, keep the atmosphere game-like. Make notes beforehand on your mood or other things that you think might affect your performance, keep your records, and see how such factors work for you. And don't hesitate to ignore all these suggestions if you find another way that works better for you! If you have even small indications of ESP, the more inter- esting question is can you improve it? Now we deal with the training aspect of the ESP program. Some years ago one of us (C.T.T.), as well as a colleague, Russell Targ, noted that the standard number/card guessing ESP tests were done in a way in which feedback about results on individual trials was very de- layed or non-existent. This is what psychologists call an I I extinction paradigm,If.a way to confuse and eventually elimin- ate any kind of skilled performance. Sure enough, a review of the experimental parapsychology literature showed that practi- cally all people who had been tested a long time without feedback, eventually lost their ESP abilities. You may have a potential for ESP, but you have to learn what actually makes it work for you. We learn things by trying all sorts of strategies, seeing the results through feedback,discarding the unsuccessful strategies, and refining the more successful ones. With the ESP program you can try different kinds of mental strategies and see what works and doesn't work for =,or you can take mental pictures of your state of mind before each trial and see what mental conditions are associated with success and which Tart & Puthoff 4 with failure. The full theory and initial positive results can be read about in C. Tart, Learning to Use Extrasensory Percep- tion, University of Chicago Press, 1976, in the Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 1977, 71, 375-4@8, and in R. Targ and H. Puthoff, Mind-Reach, Delacorte/Friede, 1977. Keep records of your results, and if you find yourself improving, drop us a line. Be prepared for a lot of ups, downs, and plateaus, but give it a good try. See if you start having ESP-like experiences in other areas of your life as you learn on the W41C program. If some of us can learn to use ESP strongly and reliably, there's going to be a revolution in a lot of scientific fields. We would also like to hear from anyone who can figure out how to make either of two significant improvements in this program. First, we'd like to use a true random number generator instead of the current pseudo-random one. If someone could figure out how to count the number of clock pulses between con- secutive keyboard entries, and use just the last digit or two of it, we could have an electronic roulette wheel type generator: the clock runs so fast in comparison to controllable human . reaction time in pushing keyboard buttons that the digits from the hundredths of a second level on down toward microseconds are truly random, Second, can anyone figure out a version of this program that makes cheating harder or impossible, so it could be used to test people who might not be as honest with us as we are with ourselves? Our main purpose in writing this article is to encourage bright people to test and develop their own ESP abilities. If you get consistently good results, please write and tell us about it. (Tart, Psychology, UCD, Davis, CA 95616; Puthoff, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025). Charles T. Tart (7268) Hal Puthoff Tart & Puthoff

Run Length

Table of Significance. The values in the body of the table are the number of hits you must reach or exceed for your ESP results to be statistically significant at a probability of .@5 or less, one-tailed. E.g., if you had com- pleted 6@ trials with a five choice test procedure, getting 18 or more hits would occur by chance less than 5 in a 1@@times, and so suggest that ESP was operating. Tart & Yuthoff

(81 LBL "ESP1l L42 PIX- (8

Initialize data storage registers @6 ST0 (84 at L4 L47 ST0 L45 (88 llNR MN?" ($3 PROMPT I@ llNR DY?" 11 PROMPT 1 2 I1YEAR?" Prompt for date (month, da , year) 13 PROMPT and run (choices, lengthy data 1 4 "CHOICES=?" 15 PROMPT 16 ST0 @I 17 I1RN LN?" 18 PROMPT 19 ST0 L4L4 2L4 LBL L44 21 "TIME=?" 22 PROMPT Prompt for current time, transform 23 LN for PRNG seed value 24 ABS 25 ST0 L42 26 LBL (85 27 PI 28 RCL L42 Psuedo-random number enerator, 3 ; fractional output fPRNG) 31 Y~X 32 PRC 33 ST0 L42 Store new PRNG seed 34 RCL @I 35 * Scale PRNG output to desired num- 36 INT ber of choices 37 ST0 @6 38 llREADY" 39 TONE 6 4L4 TONE 6 Prompt user for response 41 PROMPT 42 X=Y? Test: is response a hit? 43 GTO L46 44 TONE @ Target identity feedback subrou- 45 XEQ @I tine if response was a miss 46 LBL @7 47 1 Increment trials counter register 48 ST+ @3 49 RCL @3 5pl RCL plpl 51 X=Y? Test for end of run 52 GTO "RESULTS" 53 GTO p15 54 LBL pl6 55 SF 12 56 BEEP 57 ". CORRECT11 Hit feedback 58 AVIEW 59 CF 12 6@ PSE

Increment hit counter register

Pass subroutine 66 1 67 ST+ @5 Increment pass counter register 68 GTO @5 69 LBL "RESULTSn 7pl TONE 3 71 TONE 2 72 RCL @5 73 "NR PASSES=" 74 ARCL X 75 AVIEW 76 PSE 77 PSE 78 RCL @4 79 "NR HITS=" 8pl ARCL X 81 AVIEW 82 PSE 83 PSE 84 RCL @3 Results presentation subroutine 85 I1NR TRIALS=" 86 ARCL X 87 AVIEW 88 PSE 89 PSE 9pl RCL p14 91 RCL @3 92 / 93 1DD 94 * 95 l'yaITS=" 96 ARCL X 97 AVIEW 98 PSE 99 PSE I$@ CLA I $1 AVIEW 1$2 RCL @3 183 RCL $@ Test for end of run after reviewing 1$4 X=Y? results 1$5 GTO $4 1$6 GTO $5 1$7 LBL @I 1$8 "TARGET WAS " 1$9 ARCL @6 Target identity feedback I I @ AVIEW subroutine 111 PSE 112 RTN 11 3 LBL $4 1 14 "END OF RUNt1 End of run display subroutine I1 5 AVIEW 116 STOP 117 $ 118 ST0 $3 119 ST0 $4 Subroutine-for setting up new run 12$ ST0 $5 with same number of choices and 121 GTO $4 same run length 122 ADV 123 END