Check-List of Medicinal Plants in Jordan
S.A: Oran, and D.M. AI-Eisawi
ABSTRACT Therefore, there are lots of awareness against the use of synthesized drugs and their byproducts. A list of the medicinal plants in Jordan is For this and other reasons it is familiar now to see prepared for the first time, It consists of 363 modern shops of medicinal and beauty herbs in species of vascular plants belonging lo 263 most of the modern cities in Europe and other genera and 86 families. The laxa recorded are parts of the world. Nowadays, such shops have wild plants that occur in Jordan, except few spread widely and fast to replace the old herbalists cultivated and well known to the people in the sacs and piles of herbs. Of course, all of this is due country. The total number of the species listed to the return back to nature and the use of natural comprisos around 20% of the total Flora. Arabic medicinal plants and herbs with much less fear names as well as the major medical uses are also from any side effect due to the fact that they have provided. been tested for generations and their safety is almost certain.
INTRODUCTION In Jordan, the use of medicinal plants has not yet been scientifically d c umented pr perly and � . � The use of wild herbs in folk medicine is old as the identity of the med1crnal plants is poorely man himself. Our ancestors started to learn from recognized. A list of only 118 medicinal plants nature by tasting and using what was available. It from Jordan has been published by Al-Khalil, is well known that old civilizations have flourished 1995. in the Middle East and used the natural plants for various daily needs, such as food, shelter, clothes The aim of this work is to present a complete and medicine. list of vascular plants which are used or known to be used in folk medicine either as recorded from Traditionally, such habits have been inherited direct contact with bedouins, villagers, and local . oy successive generations, and, thus, some of the people, or through surveying Floras of the region plants became well known for their uses especially such as: (Post, 1931; 1932; Guest, 1966; 1986; by herbalists. To,;_,nsend and Guest, 1966; I 974; 1980; Zohary, 1966; 1972; 1982; Feinbrun, 1978, 1986; or The use of plants in medicine was best known reading books of local Arabic mecinical plants among Greeks, Arabs, the Chinese in the Old such as: (Al-Attar, 1950; AI-Odat and Lahham, World, and the Red Indian in the New World. 1979; Mandaville, 1978; Ruwaiha, 1981; Al-Saadi . and Al-Mayah, 1983; AI-Khalifa, 1984; Awad However, the use of medicinal plants was Alla, 1984; Jaber, 1985; Abu Zaid, 1986; highly practiced by Arabs during the middle ages Mukarzal, 1986; Majeed and Ahmood, 1988 , and through them it was transferred to Europe. Tlass, 1989)or what is recorded in wild herbs and .• Recently synthesized drugs started to replace wild flowers books published in Europe and the natural ones due to many well-known reasons. But Middle East, or any other work related to o�r after the increase of drug industry and modern region such as: Chopra et al., 1956; Meldens, technology, man began to test such products due 1959; Unisco, t 960; Ahuja, B.S., 1965; Coats, to some harmful side effects or symptoms caused 1968; Polunin, 1969; Heywood, 1971; 1983; by some synthesized drugs. Coon, 1974; Chakravarty, 1976; Vaughan et al., 1976· Vincett, 1977. Lewis and Lewis, 1977; * Department of Biological Sciences, Facully of Science, Slavik, 1978; Ahmed et al., 1979; Hussain, 1981; University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. Received on Launert, 1981; Zohary, 1982; De Sloova and 21/5/1997 and Accepted for Publication on 22/9/1998. Goossens, 1982; Boulos, 1983; Hemlich Jane,
-84- Check-List of Medicinal Plants in Jordan
1983; Boulos and AI-Hadidi, 1984; Rezik, 1986; Synonyms of species have been recorded in order Zahara, Y. 1987. to avoid misleading the identity of the taxa recorded in this study. Arabic names as well as Recently, a team of scientists at the University major medical ·uses are provided. of Jordan are studying the medicinal plants in Jordan regarding their chemical constituents, The list can provide basic informaiton for the pharmaceutical, physiological and micro medicinal plants in Jordan, as well as in the biological effects ac tivities. The following are Middle East. A good number of the taxa listed are some related published papers: Anderson, 1986; recorded to be used in various countries of our Abudi et al., 1986; Abu-Niaaj, 1992; Abu Safieh region. et al., 1986; El-Afifi et al., 1986; Al-Khalil, 1986, 1995 ; Gharaibeh et al., 1988; Ghazal et al., ·1992; The total number of the species listed in this Mustafa et al., 1992; Oran, 1996; Oran et al., study is 363 species belonging to 263 genera and 1998a, 1998b; Chafique, 1987; Younos et al., 86 families. 1 987. · The common medicinal use as it is practised The majority of the names given in the list are by the locals or as it is recorded in the literature wild plants occuring in Jordan as recorded in (AI has been pointed at with reference to the Eisawi, 1982) List of Jordan Vascular Plants. Few medicinal part of the plant. 'Sometimes names are others are added due to the fact that they are well listed without pointing to their medicinal use known cultivated plants in the country. either in folk medicine or otherwise, because data about these plants are not available yet to the The names are arranged alphabetically authors. In some cases also the Arabic or local according to their families, genera and species. name is not known.
ACANTHACEAE 1. Aca11tll11ssy riac11s Boiss. Arabic names: Shawk Al-Jamal, KafAl -Dub -,.,.iJ1.. .,;s- , JJ.-•!Ir Use: Leaves and root�. are used as emoIHent 2. Blepl,ari.sciliaris (L.)Burtt Arabic· names: Shawk Al-Dib. Shawk Al-Dub ..,...n!l_,.i. , ..,,...u, !Ir Use: Whole plan� is used as anli-inflanunmory, antihemorrhoidal, emollient and keratolytic._ ADIANTACEAE 3. Adia11tmn c«pill11s-lleh4� L. Arabic names: Kuzbaral Al-Beer, Sha'r Al-Banat ..:.,1,.,11_p , .,,,i,•�.1' Use: Leaves and rhizomesare used forchr onic cough, cold and catanal infection. AIZOACEAE 4. Mesembrym1tl,em11m 11odiflorum.L. Arabic names: Sarnah, Muleh. Ghasool J_.....;. • e;;L,,� Use: Whole plant is used for skin diseases. 5. Opophyt11111forska/1/ii (Boiss'.)N. E. Brown Arabic names: Sa mah, Ghasool J.,...,s , � · Use: Whole plant is used forski n diseases. AMARANTHACEAE 6. Aen•aja11anica (Bum1. fil.) Juss. Arabic names: Turf, Shajaral • _,-i. , J), Use: The aerial partsar e used as antivariolic and antisyphilitic. AMARYLLIDACEAE 1. lxiolirio11 tataric11111 {Pallas) Herb. · Arabic names: Zanbaq, A'nsalan ;,"J..,,;s , .;.,;j
-85- Dirasat, Medical and Biological Sciences, Volume 25, No. 2, I 998
BORAGINACEAE 32. Alkan11a strigosa Boiss. & Hohen. iArabic name: Hawa fawi '-fr »r Use: Roots are used forwounds, fumuculosis and burns. 33. Alkanna ti11cioria (L.)Tau sch Arabic names: Henna Al-Ghula, Kahla. Rigl EI-Hamam
►. .,,. , / Arabic names: Maru , Mordjan. Sarah er , .i1. J Use: Le.1ves are used for intestinal diseases. Leaves and bark forcephal agia, toothache and infe cted
CAPRIFOLIACEAE 46. Lo11icera etrrtsca Santi Arabic names: Yasmeen eerntlee. Zahr-Al-A'sal µ1 .,,.i . 1 ..,--,.r) .;,1"'1 �- 1,
-88 - Check-List of Medicinal Plants in Jordan
Use: Flowers are used for cough and lung troubles, as emetic and cathartic. CARYOPHYLLACEAE 41- Herniaria llirsuta L. Arabic names: Mouker, Makir, Showail, Um Al-Labaid, Ghabra •.,,s- , .i..lr ' , J!r • ;;S-.- • J>.,. Use: Whole plant is used as diuretic, astringent, expectorant and antispasmodic. for sore Uuout and constipation. 48. Paronychia arabica (L.) DC. 1 Arabic names: Hashshat-Ud-Dahls, Ramram, Biisees � , t.,- J, ..,->u1 � Use: Whole plant is used as stimulant. aphrodisiac, urine flow control in children and forder mal allergy. 49, Paronychia argentea Lam. Arabicname: Rej l Al-Hamamah ...W-• J...J Use: Whole plant except rools is used forkidne y stones and diabetes. 50. Paronycliia si.J,aicaFresen. Arabic name: Rej l-Al-Hamamah ... W..1 J,,,J Use: The same as P. argentea andP. arahica. 51. Sile11e vulgaris(M oench) Garcke Arabic name: Fuqaia',Sh ab-UI-A'ik .,y.LJ10, � 52. Sp erg11laria media (L.) Presl Arabic names: Bughlam, Dadaifa.Buswe ifa ...... ,.. JI , "l•I.J, ,�JI Use: Roots are used as emetic, cathartic and expectorant. 53. Sp ergularia rubra (L.) J. & C. Presl Arabic names: Eshba hamra, Sherif uir , ,_.,.... � Use: Whole plant is used as diuretic, antiseptic, calmative and forca tarrh. 54, Stellaria media (L.) Viii. Arabic names: Meshit, Habbeila.Q ezaz jl;f, .i.,,.. , _,_:.,, Use: Whole plant is used to relieve rheumaticp ains. psoriasis. As diuretic, emollienl, astringent, for wounds andulc ers. 55, Vaccaria pytamidata Medikus• Arabic names: Foul Al-Arab, Hamret Ar-Ras v'-)1 ._.,.... • ..,.._,.ii J,; Use: Roots are used to treat abscesses, lymphangitis. emmenagogue, tdcers, scabies and mastitis. CHENOPODIACEAE 56. Anahasisarticulata (Forskal) Moq. Arabic names: Agram, Athu, Ushnan, Tartir, Balbal J\Ji , ,.;; • Jl.:.l.i , �• r__,,,.s Use: - Vegetative parts are used as breathing activator, source of vitamin pp, also in preparing insecticide. 51. A11abasis syriaca Iljin Arabic names: A'gram, A'thu p , r__,,,.s Use: Whole plant is used as breathing activator and a source of vitamin pp. 58. Atriplexhali mus L. Arabic names: Kataf, Rughat, Malluakh, Qtout .1,.,:... . c_,,1. ,_,.,r;J, ..:W Use: Whole plant is used forg astric acidity. Roots used as tooth brushes. Seeds as emetic. 59. Bassia eriophora (Schrader) Asch.erson Arabic names: Alguttainah, Gu�tainhg � , ..,i....i1 cii�l Use: Seeds are good fijtsto $s ments. 60, Che11opodium album t·· .._· ,' Arabic name: Fiss Ul-FSa1b � ._;-; Use: Whole plant is used as an anthelmintic, also as a smirce of vitamin C. 61. Hammada salicor�iil,(M�q.) Ujin Arabic names: Ramath,Rimth � J , �,
-89- Dirarnt, Medical and Biological Sciences, Volume 25, No. 2. 1998
Arabic name: Ut-tayyun .:.,,.J,J•, Use: Whole plant is used as vermifoge and bactericide 92. lactuca serriola L. Arabic name: Khass bari 0./.�.-"' Use: Whole plant is used in homoeopathy as calmalive, for chronic catarrhs, cough. swollen liver and urinary tract ailments. " 93. Matricaria aurea (Loefl.)Schultz Bip. Arabic name: Babunij t}_,.,1., Use: Flowers are used for stomach and abdominal pain, sour throut. cold. bronchitis. cough. convulsion iu children, diarrhea. as sudorific. calmative. apetizer. antiseptic and laxative. 94. Phagnnlo11 rupestre(L .) DC. Arabic name: Kadaha ._,...._; Use: Leaves and flowering plants are used forabdomi nal pain. 95. P11licaria crispa (Forskal) Oliver Arabic names: A'rfeg, Ghobbeirn, kulkat. Ga1hath al!,,- , 1,li.[.; , •fr! ,(::}.,,. Use: Flowering branchesare used as sternutatory. 96. Pulicaria illcisn (Lam.)DC. Arabic ll\lmes: Shay Al-Jabal, Nashusb _;,.,..:--o . J,1,-i,p.� Use: \1/hole plant is used for heartdis eases. stomach and intestinal pains. 91. Senecio aegyptius L. Arabic name: Baysum r.r-1 Use: Flowering branches are used as vermifuge. la.xative and hemostatic. 98. Senecio flavus(Decne.) Schultz Bip. Arabic names: Marurah, Hammad-bahayim .--.!4--I ..;a.,- , • fi-" Use: The same as Senecio aegpptius L. 99. Settecio glaucus L.
Arabic names:Murr ayr, Jarjir ,, ►.r , ,1..,- Use: Whole plant is used as emetic. calmative andtonic. 100. Senecio vemalis Waldst. & Kit. Arabic name: Sfereh -� Use: Whole plant is used for menstrual disorders and nose bleeding. 101. Sifybummaria 1111111 (L.)Gaer tner Arabicnam es: A'koub, Khurfayshul -Jimal. Lahlah cU . Jw,.,._;.,;,f . Y,� Use: Achenes used for liv�r and abdominaldisor ders. jaundice, gall stones. peritonitis and bronchitis. 102. So11clt11soleraceus L. Arabic names: Ja'adeed, Libayn, Odeid -�•J· . ;Jl,,J , -'l..u.,.. Use: Whole plant is used as tonic. diuretic. febrifoge and cathartic. 103. Taraxacumcyprium H. Lindb. Arabic names: Tarkhashqoun. Hindbeh baryiah 'V �-= , :_i_,i-!-�), Use: Whole plant used is to treat panophalmitis, as iipetizers and in chronic conslipMion. The plant known as antidiabelic. galactogue and used against eczema. 104. Varthemiaipli io11oidesBoiss . & Blanche Arabicname s: Shteleh. Ketaileha' ..1$ . ...,.:..,. Use: Leaves and shoots are used forstomach ailments. cold, and acidity treatment. 105. Xa11t/1 ium sp iuosum"L. Arabic 1iames: Shubait. Badhinjan-tariaki Jt,J, ,.)W;t,• ..b.,,J, Use: Leaves 11re used as astringent. Whole plant has .in effect on the central ncn-ous s�·stcm. CONVOLVULACEAE 106. Co11volvttl11s althaeoides L.
- 92 - Check-List of Medicinal Plants in Jordan
Arabic names: Muddaideh, U'lleiq ·� , ,,u.• Use: Flowering branches are used as purgative, for asthma and hydropsy. 107. Con volvulus arvensisL. Arabic names: Muddaideh, Finjan Al-Adi, U'lleiq, Asab --,.,1- ;. 0#,._...:,l..l 1 jL,..o., , "'·" Use: Roots are antihemorrhagic, febrifugean d purgative. Leaves are vulnerary.Flowerin g branches are catharticand purgative. 108. Con volvulus scammonia L. Arabic name: Muddaideh, Finjan Al-Qadi( adi ) �WI jl.,,..;; ' »1.L Use: The same as C. arvensis 109. Cressa cretica L. Arabic names: Meliha, Shuwail, Nadawah, Salmas ..,.w... , , J'-� , J!r, ....,t. Use: Whole plant is used as alterative, stomachic, Ionic, aphrodisiac. Leaves forjaundice. 110. Cuscuta approximataBa bington Arabic names: Hamul, A'rouk JJ/, J_,.,.1,. Use: Seeds are used forca tarrh. Stem in obesity, cold and stomach acidity. Whole plant for intestinal infectionsand jaundice. 111. lp omoea cairica (L.) Sweet Arabic names:Bint Al-Basha, Sitt Al-Husn,Kul ayk -!l\JS"• .:_,t.' ..:.....,. , u1.,11 ..:..;, Use: Roots are strong purgative. Leaves used forrashes . Seeds as purgative. CRASSULACEAE 112. Rosu/aria lihauotica (Labill.) Muirh. Arabic name: l\.hubzUI -Ka'k .'J..(l,r-" Use: Juice is usedfor skin diseases. 113. Sedum caespitos11111 (Cav.) DC. Arabic name: Rijl Al-A'sfura .J.,..._J1 J>,- , Use: Juice is used for skin diseases,and to decrease blood pressure. CRUCIFERAE 114. Anastaticahi erocl11111ticaL. Arabic names: Qfai'aa, Kaf mariam, Shajaret mariam rv ,_,,.....:. , r,,.r�, ...,_.; Use: Whole plant is used as emmenagogue, for epilepsy and cold. 115. Brassicau� gra (L.) Koch
Arabic names:.Khardal, Khardal asw ,_,..; J,.r'- , J,.r'" Use; Whole plant is used for stomach ailments and laxative. Seeds forPne umonia,heart weakn ess and respiration difficulties. 116, Capsella hursa-pastoris (L.) Medikus ' ,-,s- Arabic names: Kees Al-Ra'i,Jrabet Al-Ra'i ✓1)1 ;,i,_,,.. , <.<"' ) � Use: Whole plant is used for hemorrhoides, haemorrhage of stomach and intestine, lung troubles. kidney and nose bleeding. 117. Descurninia sopliia(L.) Webb ex Prantl Arabic name: Fuggaila ...i.,,,; Use: Whole plant is used for indolent ulcers. Seeds are expectorant. restorative. antifever. used for bronchitis and dysentry. 118. Eruca saliva Miller
Arabic names: Jargir, Roka ..;JJ , IS'JJ , .,,,...,►. Use: Leaves are stimulant, diuretic, antiscorputicand used for stomach ailments. 119. Lepidium l<1tifoli11m L. Arabic uarnes:Kharf aq, Karaffraf ...:,; .r'" , ._;;.i"" Use: The same as L. sativum. 120, Lepidium sativum L. Arabic name: Rashad ,u.J
-93 - Dirasat, Medical and Biological Sciences, Volume 25, No. 2, 1998
Use: Barieis used as astringent, antiinflammatory, foreczema and skin eruptions. FUMARIACEAE ISO. Fu maria de11sijloraDC . 1S1. F11maria macrocarpa Parl. 152. Fu n;aria offi ci11alis L. Arabic names: Baclet Al-Malek, Shahtredj, Riz ud-dajaj c1.,,..i11ji , o..!.,.!1111 � Use: Whole plant except roots is used forecz ema. li\'er diseases and hemorrhoides. 153. Fumaria parviflora Lam. Arabic names:BakletAl-Malek , Shahtarraj r.:_µ. , .!ll!'ill'., Use: Flowering branchesare used forecz ema, hemorrhoides, liver diseases.St em and leaves used a� diaphoricand diuretic. GENTIANACEAE 154. Centa11rium sp icatum (L.) Fritsch Arabic names: Manash-Ud-Duban, Hashishat Al- Aqrb v ;...i1 <..!.,.!,>- , .:,1i.u1 .? Use: Whole plant except rootsused forchr onic ulcers. stomach and liver ailments and anemia. The plant depurative. GERANIACEAE 155, Erodium cic11tari11m(L.) L'He' r. Arabicnames: Ibret Al-A'gouz, Gha1.aldur, Saa'h, Ghazil Ji- , t'-,,J,-,J j , _;_,.....11 •. .t' Use: Flowering branches and young leaves are used for uterine bleeding, also as astringentand antidiarrhoeic. Geranium spp. Arabic names: Utr. Ibret Al-Raheb ...,...,}I • _;ii, J.s- Use: Whole plant is used as astringent, diurelic. anlidiabetic, gargle forthroat. tonsils and stomach troubles.Leaves antisp asmodic: 156, Gera11iu111 l11cidt1m L. 1S7, Geranium molleL . 15,, Geranium rotundifo li11m L. GLOBULARIACEAE 159, Glohularia arahica L. Arabic names: Zraiga, Alk,Anun, Shel gha ...,i..i..:,,p , ..!1IL>,ti.!,; Use: Branches are used as depurative. laxative and diuretic. Leavesfor rheu matism andarthriti s. also used as and'cancerous and antiulcerous. GRAMINEAE 160. Arundo do11axL. Arabic names: Bus farisi:Kasab, Bus�hajni ..,� _ _.."'- . -,-S', ,r,� oJ"JI Use: Rhizomes ·are used as antihistaminic and uterinestimulant. 161. Ave,ia harbata Poll ex Link 162. Ave11afatua L. 163. Ave11a sativa L. Arabicnam es: Shufan, Hartman, Khrtal Ji.r , ;;11_.,.. . :.-u_.! Use: Leaves are used forvagi nal infections. Seeds for diabetes, stomach and intestinal catarrh. 164. Coix laCf'}'ma-:iovi L. Use: Fruits are used forcatarrhal, inflammations of the urinary tract. 16S. Cy nodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Arabicna mes: Un-njeel, Shirsh Un-njil J.-1' J-r . _..,.� Use: Rootsare used asdi _urelic, forb leeding of piles. Juice as· astringent and forcatarrah. 166. Hordeum spp. (Cultivated). Arabic names: Shair,Thail wawi -96 - Check-List of Medicinal Plants in Jordan Arabicnam es: Halfa, Deil El-Qott, Berdi ,P,,, , .h.11J!> , \.iJ..,,- Use: Rhizomes are used as restorative, tonic, anlipyretic, for diarrhea and dysentry. Fruitingspi kes as sedative. 168. Lolium temulenlum L. 1 Arabic names: Zuwan, Hanaita, Ruwait;;;, Sikra }- , � JJ ,1.:.,=- , :i1 ;; Use: Whole plant is used for hemorrhage. Seeds forneur algia, rheurnausm, arthritis and nausea. 169. Panicum turgidum Forskal Arabic names: Thamam, Bukar, Sabat, Safar Ju.,, , .1,i_,... , J� , rl-, Use: Wholeplant is used as vulneraryagent , and forremovi ng white spots on the eye. 170. Phragmitesaustralis (Cav.) Trin.ex Steudel _ 1 Arabic names:Qasba, Bous. Tra'a, Ghab JIP , t J,,✓ .r- , ._,_f Use: Rhizomes are used as antipyretic, antiemetic; stomach ailments and jaundice. 171. Triticumdicoccoides (Koern. ex Asherson & Graebner) Aaronsohn Arabic names; Hintah, Kamh e:-...i,� Use: Grainsare used as calmative, nutritive and fordi abetes. Seeds forjoints and limbs fractures. GUTTIFERAE 172. Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra Arabicname: A'rna, A'rena '-'!/ , -.;_,., Use: Infusion of flowers is used as sedatives, astringent, antidepressant relieves spasms. IRIDACEAE 173, Irisgermanica L. Arabicnames: Sawsan,azraq , Zanbaq , Azraq, Sisana .;�, JJ;i , ._;,;j . J1ji ,_.,...., Use: Rhizomes are used forcough, astluna and bronchi tis, also as diuretic and purgative._ 174. Crocusaleppicus Bak er 175. C. cattceUatus Herbert 176. C. moabiticusBorn m. et Dinsm. 177. C. palasii Goldb Arnbic name: Shahoom, Shouhai ,..,.--=-,ry----1 Use: Bulbs can be used as sedatives, and forwound healing. JUGLANDACEAE 178. Jug/ans regiaL. Arabic names: Egoz, Djouz, Joas, Sowak !11.r , j__,.,,- , ir• , h-9 Use: Leaves are used for eczema. wounds, diarrhoea and diabetes. Flowers and leaves for ear inflammation. JUNCACEAE 179. Juncus acutus L. Arabicnames : Sammar, Asal, Saman baladi, Kasb ½,---5,<$-'-1i .:r, J---.<-, -� Use: Fruits are used forco lds. 180. Juncus maritimusLam. Arabic names: Samar, Asal J---,-- , .r Use: Rhizomes are used for insomnia. LABIATAE 181. Aj 11ga chin Schreber _, Ar�bic name:- Shandqu_ra , _;.w. Use: Branches and leaves are used forblood-cl otting and wounds healing. 182. Aj11gt1 iva (L.) Schreber . Arabic names: Missaykah. Shandgowra. Ga'ada, Ms�keh .£.._.. , ,.1,....,. , , JP ....� Use: Whole plant is used as stim�lant to the nervous system. cardiotonic. for catarrh, headache and uterusin fe ction. The plant is antidiabetic. forfeminine ste rilityand hypbl�1sire. Eremostacl lacittiata 183. iys (L.) Bunge Arabic names: Hiezembel, Hajanbil, KafAl -Ni sir _,---,.11 ..:.s, � , J--:,-- - 97 - Dimsar. l'v1edic,,I and Biological Sciences, Volume 25, No. 2, 1998 Use: Roots are forj oints and back pains, kidney ailments, cardiotonic and digestive. 184. Lalle111a11tia iherica (Bieb.) Fischer & C. A. Meyer Arabic name: Semsem bani -.,,/ r-'" Use: Leaves and stems are used forheact di seases and cough. 185. Lamium amplexicaule L. · Arabic name: Kurrays Aj-Jaji ,._� �1 L,,.,_; Use: Petals and flowering shoots are used for catarrhs. kidney and bladder troubles. Also as Yaginal wash. · 186, Lycopus europaeusL. Arabic names:, Ferasion mai. Ferasion, Zekza 'fJ , J_,..j , ✓ J_,..j Use: Flowering branches are used as antihemorrhagic, febrifuge. and astringent. 187. Marrubium vulgare L Arabic names: Aykriha, Qutainah, Marriout, EshlJetEl -Kalb �1 � , 0 fl/ , � , ...;;1 Use: Leaves are used for cough, tuberculosis, asthma, liver serosis. cleaning the uterus after childbirth. 188. Mentha longifolia (L. ) Hudson Arabicnames : Na'na', Habaq. Habaq Al-Maya .,,,i, ci;>- , ci;>- , 0 Use: Leaves areused as antirheumatic pains. Leaves and flowers as camtinative. 189, Micromerianervosa (Desf.) Bentham Arabic name: Shai barri �.,, ..,;w. Use: All plant is antibacterial. antidiurrelic and antidesentry 190. Nepeta curvifloraBoiss. Arabic name: Ghmai'a, Zeita �j , ...,._;, Use: Whole plantis used forchills , flatulence, anemia, abdontinalcolics and amenorrhoea, 191. Origanum dyi Post Arabic name: Za'tar pi Use: The sameas 0. syriacum 19-2.Origanum syriacumL. Arabic names: Bardaqush suri.Za'tar, Ezov J J/' , p j , ..;Jr J; ,/. llse: Leaves are used for eye ailments, burns and stom:ich troubles. Seeds are used as sedative. 193. Salvia aegyptiaca L. ,.,,._.i. , � , Arabicname s: Dughl, Ra'alah. Shajaret Al-Ghazal J1ji.)1 . J y, Use: Seed oil is used forbl eeding, eye diseases and diarrhoea. 194, Salvia dominica L. Arabic name: Maru y Use: Leaves are used forco ld. stomach pain and indigestion, 195. Salvia spinosaL . Arabic names: Tha'alabah. Shajaret AJ-JanrnL Semsim, Danun Jabal J,,, :.,; , , r-"',J.J,. 1 -� , � 196. Salvia triwba L. fil. Arabic name: Maramia ..,,.;.J Use: Leaves and branches are used forco lic pains. and as gargle fororal infections and fe mimne sterility. 197, Teucriumpolium L. Arabic names: Ja'ada. Khumandara, Misk Al-Gin .),-•�, •;....,,.;,...... Use: Leaves are used for abdominal colics, headache. As vermifuge, depurnti,·e. antidiabetic and aslring�nl. 198. Thymusbovei Bentham Arabic name: Za'tar p; Use: Whole plan is used for some skin diseases. gum. mouth and lung inrcctions. skrofulose disease and as vermifuge. -98 - Check-List of Medicinal Plants in Jordan 199. Thymus capitat11s (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link Arabic name: Za'tar r j Use: Flowering branchesar e used forco ld, cough and skin diseases. LEGUMINOSAE 200. Acaciafarnesiana (L. ) Willd. Arabic name: Shok Ash-Sham. ,\..!.11 .!lr Use: Resin is usedas astringent and used forpulmon ary affec tions. 201. Acacia raddiaua Savi Arabic names: Tahl , Sayal, Haras, Sant, Shittah � . .1c...VJ1,.. • J1.,- , J,..l- Use: Bark is used forwounds. Seeds fordiarrhoea. 202. All,agi maurorum Medikus Arabic names: Agoul, Haj, ShoukAJ-Jamal JJ.-• .!lr , e> , Jfa Use: Roots are used for diabetes, rheumatism, also as purgative and vermifuge. 203, Anagyrisfo etidaL . Arabic names: Salamawn, Jarrud, Kharroub Al-Khanzir .i1?-'YJ.J"' • �J.r , .:,.,..i.. Use: Leaves are used formig raine, tumors, oedema and ulcers. Fruitsused as emetic, purgative and forrenal affections. 204. AstragalusJ,amosus L. Arabic names: UJ-kurayn, Gureinal1 �_;. , lfl_,.i, Use: Flower buds are used as emollient and demulcent. 205. Astragalustribulo ides Delile Arabic names: Rukhaymi, Khusnah, Tamarasleb ._,,.,...;.J , -99 - Dirasat, Medical and Biological Sciences, Volume 25, No. 2, 1998 114. Melilotus indicus (L.) All. Arabicna mes: Qurt, Handaquq murr. NafaJ y; , / J.f:,.,_,_ , J.,; Use: Flowering branches are used as emollienl, pou\tic against swell ings. Seeds used forbowel complaints and genetal diseases. 215. 011011is sp ino_sa L. Subsp. antiquorum (L.) Arcangeli Arabic names: Shabrag, Shibruk,Sh irsh J.? , JJr' �'.r--'- Use: Roots are used as diuretic, sudorific. sedative, forhemorroid es Flowers as depurative. Flowering , . branches for eczema. · 216. Prosopisfarcta (Banks & Sol.) Macbride Arabic names: Kltarambah, Yunbut. Shilsh-hilawi - Use: Whole planl is used for uterus affections. Seeds for cough, asthma. vermifuge. diabetes. constipation and hemorrhoides. Seeds stimulant. anabolic agent . feminine sterility and used against gastritis. 220. Viciasaliva L. Arabic names: Bakiyah, Ful-Rum.i , Nefel J,i; , ✓ ,1 J; , ...... Use: Whole plant is used for rheumatism. Seeds forsma llpox and measles. . • LILIACEAE 221, A11drocymhillm palnestinum(B oiss.) Baker Arabic name: Neislah .i.....; Use: Corms are used for skin diseases. 222, Asparagus stipularisForska l Arabic names: Halyun, Shouk, Shebroq, Aqoul AI-Gaba! J).-1 J.0' , J;;:.-!. • .'lr1- , :_i.,,.._,. Use: Roots are used for renal stones. headache. Shoots as appetizer. diuretic. for syphilis and as spermatogeu.ic. 223. Asphodelus aestivalisBrol. Arabic names: Ghes;:ilan,Gh awsalan, Onsol J..=> , :_i-,_..,._ , :.,� Use: Leaves are used as antirheumatic. Tubers fortooth and ear pains. ulcers and abscesses. 224. Asplwdelus fistulosus L. Arabic names: Khesalan. Basal, Aymn. Baroukh t 1.t,( JY , J--.i , :J'J� Use: Seeds are used as cataplasm forulc ers and inflammations aud as diureLic. 22S. Colcl,icum crocifolium Boiss. 226, Colc/1icum decais11ei Boiss. 227. Co/clricum ritc/rii R. Br. All Colchicum used in drug industry Bulbs of Colchicum are antirheumatic. 228. Dipcadierytlirae11111 Webb & Berth. Arabic names: U'nsul, Basal AI-Ma'a'. Braiel. Mesilmo � , c.:..,.1- • ,u1 J--" , )-= Use: Bulbs are edible. 229. Urgi1tea maritima (L.) Bak.er Arabic names: U'nslan, Unsal. Basal Al-Bar .,,iiJ-"-! , J-=,,,:i� - 100 - Ched:-List of Medicinal Plc1nts in Jordan Use: Bulbs are used for wounds, tumers, rheumatism. pneumorua. As cardiolonic, vesicanl and rnbefacie11L LORANTHACEAE 230. VtS cum album L. Arabic name: Dabaq _'! , Use: Leaves are used for high blood pressure. arteriosclerosis. and bleeding. Used as vermifuge and sedative. 231. Vtscumcru ciatum Sieber ex Boiss. Arabic names: Dabaq. Ennab ahmar _,,,..,'"'"'� . �;, , Use: Whole plant is used as tonic, astringent and emetic. MALVACEAE 232. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Use: Roots and bark are used as diuretic. 233. Alcea setosa (Boiss.) Alef. Arabic names: Khetmiyyah. UmAynat-AI-Bakarat 01_;J1 ..:.,L_""' r1 , � Use: Roots used in medicinal tablets, forcou gh and tooth inflammation. 234. Malva parvifloraL. Arabic name: Khubbayza 'F� Use: Leaves are used forfever, wou nds, skin ulcers and as nerve tonic. Roots forpy orhea 235. Malva sy lvestrisL. Arabic name: Khubbayza •r-,> Use: Leaves are used as gargle and mouth wash, anti-inflammatory and astringent Flowers for whooping cough. MELIACEAE 236. Melia azedarach L.(Cultivated). Arabic names: Zanzalakht, Azadarakht "--- ;>) , J j] Use: Bark is used as vermifuge and antipyretic. Fruits for leprosy.Se eds for skin diseases. MENISPERMACEAE 237. Cocculus pendulus (J. R. & G. Forst.) Diels Arabic names: Slaisah. Leslaisah, Labakh AI-Jabal y,1 � , � , c---,L- Use: Branches and leaves are used as diuretic, hypotensive and anticancerous activities. MORACEAE 238. Ficuscarica L Arabic names: Teen � Use: Leaves are used for treatment of eyes. leprosy and frekles. Fmits used as emmolient. laxati,·e and calmative forsmallpox. 239. Moms alba L. Arabic names:To ut Abyad. Tout Baladi Arabic names: Khapon.Quzia ,,J . ::,r-� Use: Leaves and roots are demulcent. astringent. lonic and used for war1s treatment. ORCHf.DACEAE 2-13,Himantoglossum aff ine (Boiss.)Sc hlech1er Arabic name: Fahn ..,.._; Use: Leaves are sedatives, diaphoretic, tonic. stimulant and aphrodisiac. 2H. Op hrys :;pp. 2-15. Orchis a11atolica Boiss. Arabic name: Sahlab ._,l,..... Use: Tubers stop internal hemorrhage of stomach, intestine, lung. uterus, urinary,uri nary system. Used for diarrhoea. dysentry. nervine, tonic. aphrodisiac, chronic fever. abdominal catarrhs. Species recorded in Jordan: 2-16, Orchis simia Lam. 2-l7. Orchispunc tulata Steven ex Lindi. OROBANCHACEAE 2'48, Cisto11che tuhulosa (Schenk) Wight Arabic names: Tartbouth. Tharthur, Thanbuh al-ard. Thoa'noon. Dhanoun, ..?1 -Jic_,,,;:, , J}) , �;), Use: Seems or all theplant are used as anti- diarrheal,a phrodisiac. diuretic. tonic in spermatorrhea impolence, usedalso as cataplasm agai ust boils and abceses. 2-19.Oro ha11c/1e aegyptiacaPers. Arabic name: Haiuk !l}1.> Use: Lower part of the plantare used against diarrhoea. OXALf.DACEAE 250. Oxalis comiculataL. Arabic name: Hammad,Hammaydab ,...,_.,.. , .v- Use: leaves and shoots are vermifuge, emmenagogue. astri11genl. antiseptic. cures dyspepsia, piles, anaemia, tympanitis. fever. dysenu:_y. scurvy,boili ous affections and removing warts. Leaves laxative. used to remove opacitiesof cornea and as eye drop foritch ing of lids. PAPAVERACEAE 251. Glaucium arabic11m Fresen Arabic name: Qatra , Hasltishat AJ-Mam.ita -=:.Ji �,,;,; Use: roots sedalive,haveco oling. purgativeand hydragogue effect. also are used against stomach pain. indigestion. and gallstones. The following species are recorded in Jordan: 252. Papaver rhoeas L. Arabic names: Flowers (petals) are used against bronchial and nasal catarrhand also forc ough, whooping cough. sore throat. emollient and as sudorific. Capsules used as soporific forbabies and against cardiac troubles. 253. Papavttr sonmiferum L. (cult.i,·ated) Arabic names: Hashesh,Hash esheh.Ai)•oon .:,_,;i , �, � Use: capsules contains 37 al.kal�ides (Rezik, 1986), juice exuded from capsules contains sedative compounde useful dangerous.Used for intestinal and chest troubles, cough, diarrhoea, soporificfor babies, pains, emmenagogue, a be,·erage is prepared fromdry capsu les forchro nic diarrhea. 25-t Roemeria hybrida (L.)DC. PEDALIACEAE 255. Sesanium incic11111 L. (culth·ated) Arabic names: Simsim r Use: Crushed seeds are used as cataplasmforskin ailments, also forcon valescents and for women to increase milk secretion (local prescriplion) and against constipation. Roasted seeds emmenagogue, abor1ive and used forstomach ailments. PINACEAE 256. Pi11us halepe11sisMiller -102 - Check-List of Medicinal Plants in Jordan Arabic nam�: Sanawber. Kraish ..r-} , ..,,.,,.._. Use: Barks are usedas plastecs for rheumatism, gout andsciatica, caJm ative, aphrodisiac, useful for pulmonary affection, kidney and gall bladder ailments, usedas gargle fortooth pain, also applied to wounds. Seeds spermatogenic. PLANTAGINACEAE 251. Plantago. afr a L. Arabic names: Lisan Al- Hamal, AthanAJ- Jidi , Al-khtonah, khizarnKh otanih, .;.u.1.:,1�i , J.,!--' .:,u Use: Leaves are used to stophemorrhage, useful forburns. astring ent, antipyretic, diuretic, antiacidic and anti-insects bites. Seeds used against constipation. preparations used to provide smooth solid faecal mass after colostomy. Seeds also used against dysenuy. gastric and intestinal ulcers, diarrhea andchronic con stipation. 258, Pla11tago coro11opus L. Arabic names: Lisan Al-Hamal, Udayn, Rjel Al-Ghorab -,.,,_.. .. J-'r; , �,.,_J- 1 .:,w Use: Roots are used for hemorrhoides, malariaand fever. Leavesfor all sorts of wounds, burns and abscesse, astringent, hemostaticand analgesic. Seeds with antibacterial effects. 259. Pla11tago lauceolata L. Arabic names: Hazazeh,Li san Al-Hamal, Athan AI-Sakhlah ...,,___;, .:,15i , JJ-1 .:,LJ , •j'? Use: leaves are chewed for tooth pains. 260. Pla11tago major L. Arabic names:UsanAbu AJ-A'meel, Al-Hazaza, Lisrut AlhamaJ.AJ -HamaJ Al-Kabee,masasah,Warak .....,L,,.., , .:,w , sabun, LisanAl-Kalb ._,.!SJ• .::w ,.:,-"'-" LiJJ, i,,{JlJ...1- i , _...;., .;i_;J-1 , J..-..l' J!I .'.JW Use: Leaves and roots are used against the stomachic and intestinal inflamations, wounds.renal ailments, arteriolosclerosis. gigh chronic cholesterol. tuberculosis. whooping cough and chronic renal inflamations. Seeds used for diabetics. indigestion, eye diseases. sterility. Roots as astringent, calmative-, depurative and emollient, forderm al diseases( fungal andeczema ). Leaves for asthmaand respiratory tract. 261, Plantago ovata ForskaJ Arabicname s: Qreta. K.ibash, Janaymah, Lukmatal-n a'jah ..�1 WJ,..,.1.,,,. , .;-� , ...i.i; Uses: Seeds are used for chronic constipation, dysentry of amoebia of Bacillary origion and in chronic diarrhoea, antibacterial, used in diabetis, treatmentof varicose veins and internal haemorroides. POLYGONACEAE 262, Calligonum comosum L'He'r. 263, Polygonum aviculare L. Arabic names:Q ouddab, Ba1bat 1.1Joi , ..,.,t.;.; Use: The flowering herbs are used forpy elitis, arthritis. rhewnalic pains and diarrhoea, also used forrenal p ains, renal stones and tuberculosos. 264. Polygo11um equisetiforme Sibth. et Sm. Arabic name: Batbat .i.1,1i Use: aerial parts are used against intestinal ,gastric and nephretic infections. 265. Rheum palaestinumFienbr. Arabic names: Ribas, Utrfan. Kahum, Barbress, Erbarees L,...__._, . ..r->/- , r.rS , .:,u� , .r-) Use: Leavesare used as diuretic. for stomach troubles. fe ver. diarrhoea and as digestivest imulant. 266, Rumexdentatus L. 261, Rumexvesicarius L. Arabic names: Humrnaid, Homays, Hammad, Hanbayt .I..,,:>- , _...._,;- , ..}¥- Use: Leaves are laxativesand tonic. Roots used forchronic constipation, pulmonary tuberculosis and to stop the internal hemorrliage in the respiralmJ system and uterusbleedi ng, also to stop gum and toothp ain.The plantis eatena gainsij aundice, liver Lroubles $.lld constipation. POLYPODIACEAE 268. Plata11us orie11talisL. -103 - Dirasat, Medical and Biological Sciences, Volume 25, No. 2, 1998 Arabic names: Dib, Armon Jy/, y, Use: Leaves are used as expectorant, and used forjoints and knees tumors. Barkis mixed with vinegar and used forburns or as insecticide. 269. Polypodi.um vulgare L. Arabic names: 1baqip Al- Hajar, Adras Al-Kalb ...$)1..,.i # , _,,,J-1.., ...a; Use: Rhizomes are used to treat catarrh and other ailinents of respiratory tract, gall disorders. constipation, menstrual pain and intestinal wonns, indegistion and pains of rheumatic origin, expectorant andas chologogue. Used in drugin dustry to prepare lexatives and expectorants. PLUMBAGJNACEAE 270. Limonium axillare (Froskal) 0. Kuntze Arabic names: Arter], Bahman J4. , J_,1,J Use Dry roots and stems are used as astringent, 271. Plumbago europaea L. Arabic names: K.hamsha, SwakEr-ra'ian, Dj ouz-Ra'ian JyJi jyc , :i�} J_,... • ,.J. Use: Rootsare used mouth, gum andteeth care, for dermal diseases and wounds. PORTULACEAE 272. Portulaca oleracea L. Arabic names: Baqlah, Farfahinah, Rij lah, Hindbah '-!.,_,_.. , J....-J , 1.:,-,-JJ , � Use: All the plant is eaten fresh. Laxative, digestive, diuretic. emmenagoge, cardiotonic. antiphJogistic, bactericide in bacillary dysenu:y, diarrhoea, hemorrhoides, enterorrhagia, antidiabetic and usedas cataplasmfor a gainstabscesses, also as hemoptysis, pulmonary diseases. tonicand snake bites. PRJMULACEAE 213. Anagallisarvensis L. Arabic names: Ayn-Al-Qait, Ayn Al-Jamal, Kharoob Al-Khanzir _,,_;:l--1Y J/- . _...J..1 .:.r... , .h.il1 .:r,,, Use: All the plant and leaves are used to treat abcesses, rheumatic pains. hepatic. urinary diseases. dennaland fungal ctiseases, also foritchin g skin eruptionor removal of worts.dr opsy.skin infections. liver and gallbl adder troubles. 274. Cy clamen persicum Miller Arabic names: Kham Al-ghazal, Saboon Al-raa'i ✓t)I ,:,.t11..., , J1_;.J1 :.,; Use: Rhizomesare usedas antidawndruf, PUNICACEAE 275. Punica granatum L. (Cultivated). Arabic name: Romman ,:,1,) Use: Sour seeds areused forjaundice ifmixed withhoney.for earpains,p anarisand fever.Fruitpeels used fordi arrhea andascaris worms in the intestine. RANUNCULACEAE 2 76. Adonisaesti valisL. Arabic name: Ain Al-bouma, Ben Na'aman, Ain Ad- deek &.-'-'1.:.,y, Jl....,j ;,,, , "-·.,:, ;.,,,.. Use: Allthe plant is used as emmenagogue, diuretic, febrifuge and cardiotonic. 277. Adonis amwa L. Arabic names: Ain Al- Bouma, Nab- Al- Dj amal, Ben Na'amn :.,i__.; J , JJ.-· ..,. : . r�1 � Use: All the plant is used as heart tonic. diuretic and against hydropsy and gout. 278. Anemone coronaria L. Arabic names: Shaka'ik An-na'man, Sha'ia. Shakkar ;'6--!, ._;,;..i. , ,:,L....J1._;iu.., Use: All the plantis used as anti- rheumatic, antispasmodic, sedative. bactericide and fungiside, also for cough, pulmonary diseasesa nd insomnia. 219. Ceratocephalusfalcatus (L.) Pers. Arabic name: Lizzeij 0) Use: All the plantextrac tions are used forrheu matic affectionsand in particuJar the knee. 280, Clematis cirrlwsa L. -104 - Check-List of Medicinal Plants in Jordan Arabic names: Ghashia, Rabil Al-Maski .}-- J,.,- , � Use: Leaves are used forremoving worts. 281. ClematisflammulaL. Arabic names: Mudadeh, Ulaiaq, Habel Miski ,}-,J,,- , .;,.11, oJ.i_J., Use: All the plant is used as diuretic, for treating itch and eruptions of the skin. internally used hydrogogue, purgative, diaphoretic and forscab ial cancer. 282. Nigella saliva L. (cultivated). Arabic names: Habel Al-Barakeh. Khezha, Habeh Sawda, KammunAswad ;)_,..5', .1._,...... ,.,.., ;.,._; , .s-_,..11 ..,,.. Use: Seeds are used against digestive and menestrual disorders. also for toothache. abortive. intestinal sinusitis, hemorroides, leprosy, general antidote forpois sonous bites. Prescribed formo thers at childbirth as milk stimulantand as antispasmodic. 283, Rananculus cornutus DC. 284, Rananculus ficaria L. Use: Young plantor leaves are used fortreating pi les, scurvyand externallyfor hemorroi des. 285, Tli alictrum isopyroides C. A. Meyer Arabicname: Kuzbaret El ID1abashah t.:.,.L1"./.? Use: The plant have alkaloides which can be used in drug industl}'. It has relaxanteff ect on the arteries. RESEDACEAE 286. Ochradenus baccatusDelile Arabic names: Kurdah, Kurd •f , c:•} Use: All the plant and the fruits are used medicinally because theyare richin compounds like alkaloides, coumarins, flavanoides and sterols. 287, Reseda luteola L. Arabic names: Wayba, Khuzam ,,? , ½J Use: Leaves are used as anti-ruarrhoeic. Allthe plant used for stomach ailments and diarrhea. RHAMNACEAE 288. Zi.ziphus lot11s (L.)Lam. Arabic names: Arkad. Sidr, Sidr bari,Nabaq Joi,Y.J .,..i-, .,..i-, .,;./ Use: Fruitsare used against pectoral cough, tonic, fe brifuge, against fumcles, measles andsmall pox. 289, Zizlphus nummularia (Bum. fil.) Wight & Walk.- Am. 290, Ziziplms officinnrum Medik. 291. Ziziphus sp ina-cluisti (L.)Desf . Arabic names: Dawm, Nabaq, Sid ;J- , .;,; , r J� Use: Fruits are used for pectoral diseases, respiratory tracts as laxative. Bark used as sedative for teethache, general tonic, antipyretic and a�nst constipation. Ash wood if mixed with vineger can be used for serpent bites. Leaves used as astringent. vermifugeand antiruarrhoeic. Cataplasm of leaves used forabscesses and furuncles. ROSACEAE 292. Amygdnlus commu11isL. Arabicname: Lawz barri y_;;,J Use: Leaves and fruits are recorded to be used. 293. Crataegus monogynaJacq. 294. Cy donia vulgaris Pers. Arabic names: Safargal, Sfargel J,,,_;.. , J,.,-_;.. Use: Fruits are prescribed for intestinal and stomac.11 hemorrage and as cardiotonic, also forgood digestion,diarrhea. 295. Fragaria vesca L. (cultivated). Arabic names: Farawlah, Fraiz, Toot Ardi o.r-}v.f , ;.} • .JJJ -105 - Dirasat, Medical and Biological Sciences, Volume 25, No. 2, 1998 Use: Fruits have laxative properties. Leaves and rhizomes are diurilic,. Rhizomes astringent and antidiarrheic. Strow berry prescribed for hepatic diseases, gout, stones of urinarysy stem, diabetis, sedativeand nerv es calmative. 296, Ma lus domistica Borkh.(cul tivated). 297, Pote11tilla reptmzs L. Arabic names: Tormentilla, Bentalis, Bentabis .r-'-"t , _,JU..:,,"j,!;., ); Use: The flowering plantis used forb athing cuts. piles, inflamaLionsof vagina, also againstint estinal spasm. painful menstruation andmout h and throat inflamations. 298. Pyruscommrm isL. Arabic names: Ajas, Injas v"�' , .;,1.►.-i Use: Pyrosfru its prescribed for childrensuff er anemia, againstdiarrhoeae, appetizer and as stimulant. 299. Rosa ca11ina L. Arabic names: Ward Bari, Ward Nesri,Ward Es-Siyg. Nisreenui..,...; , l;.1:-- •,, , .,.,; •JJ , -!; •n Use: Fruits are used against constipation.cold. gall kidneys, bladders disorders and against general exaustion, alsoas astringent, diuretic and anti-scorbutic. 300. Rubus canescens DC. 301. Rubus sangui,reus Friv. Arabic name: Ulaiq .;.i,,. Use: Leaves can be used against diarrhoea and imestinal disorders, internal haemorrhages, freshj uice is prescribedfor tuberculo sis. 303, Sanguisorba minor Scop. Arabic name: Ulaiq J# Use: Leaves used against diarrhoea, intestinal disorders, internal hemorrhages. Fresh juice usedfor tuberculosis. 304. Snrcopoterium sp inosum (L.) Spach Arabic names: Natesh, Bellan .:,� , ,.;-::, Use: Roots are used as diuretic, anti-diabetic. renal stones and e>..1emally against hemorrhoides. RUBIACEAE 305. Galium ap�ri11a L. Arabic names: Ad Harji, Dhairjeli,Lezaiqa, Duhhrai j. Duhdaileh �-• , rtJ?• , �) , "-f..r• , ....?-" ' y Use: Dried flowering plant is used for drops . kidney and bladder disorder, stomach upset. skin infections and for healing cuts and grazes. 306. Rubia peregrina L. Arabic names: Fuwwa, Al-Fuwwa •.,.i ,,c •_,; Use: Flowers are used as aphrodisiac and antibacterial.Roots as emmenagogue. abortive. for sciatica. rheumatism, chalagogue, asuingent and laxative. 307. Rubia tinctor11111 L. Aabic names: Fuwwah, Orouq AI-Sabbaghin �W; J J.r , c•_,; Use: All the plant is used agianst spasm, anentia. blood diseases,a phrodisiac. antidiarrhoeic. tonic. appetizer, emmenagogue, diuretic, healing wounds and ulcers. RUTACEAE 308, Citrus aurantium L. (cultivated). Arabic name: Narenj � ,i; Use: Bark is used for stomach pains and desentry. Leaves used as digestive. antispasmodic, diaphoritic and sedative. Flowers used as nervous sedative and antispasmodic. Cortex or peel fru its as appetizer and corrigens. 309. Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Arabic name: Laimoon Hamid ,.,....1.,-. .:,_,...,I Use: Cortex of fru its is used as bitter, appetizer and tonic for stoach substances, antiseptic for pharynx, tonsils and inflammatory. Useful for rheumatic pain and indigestion. Limon flowers prescribed fornervous p eople (relaxant). -106 - Check-List of Medicinal Plants in Jordan 310. Citruspara disU vfacfad. Use: Fruits prescribed forva�cular heartdisea ses, diabetes and for loosing weight. 311. Citrussinensis (L.) Osbeck. Arabic names: BurtokaJ, Burdqan, Burdgan Jl,i;JI , �l,i;JI , J\5'.;JI Use: Orange juice is used as tonic for fever, colds and infJuenza. Cortex of fruitsused in drug industry. 312. Haplophyllum blar1c/1 ei Boiss. 313. Haplop/iyllum buxbaumii (poiret) G. Don. Fil. 314. Haplopliullum poorie C. C. Townsend 315. Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forska1) Ad. Juss. Arabic names:Fij el, ShajaretEr-Rih. Mejen.in, Muj anninah .;.,s. , � l<;.::i) �� , � Use: Leaves and branches are usedfor treatment of Scorpion bites. Branchesused agianst vomiting, constipation, malaria, also for difficult childbirth, anemia, rheumatism, gastric pain, intestinal worms, eye andear troubles , aphrodisiac andcarminative . 316. Ruta c/wleptmsisL. Arabic names: Faigan, Faigam, Sithab, Fidjel, Sadab, Sandab y1.,_,__, •'� . _J.,,..; , Y'-4- , rl.,,,J, .:ii,,.,; Use: The flowering branches are used to treat hysteria. worms. amenorrheae, me11orrhagia and releivung rheumaticpains. Fresh plantused forascorp ianbit es.Lea vesand seeds for rheumatic pains and swellings. SALICACEAE 317. Populusni gra L. r Arabic names: Hour, Hour Aswad •.,.. Jr , J.t> Use: Wood is used as anti -inflammatory, diuretic, anti- irritant, anti-rheumatic, pyretic, intestinal antiseptic. Buds ruecalma tivefor hemorrhoides. 318. Salixal ba L. Arabic nar1te: Hour abiad. ._,.:,,.iiJr Use: Bark is used for cold, fever, neuralgia, headache, arthritis,rheu matic pains and cystitis, also used externally for slow-healing cuts, ulcersand burns. Bark is Jaso used as diuretic, sedative, gargle for treating tonsils and gum inflamations, to treat scabies, stomach ulcer. intestineand gall bladder infec tions. 319, Salixhab ylonica L. The sameas S. alba SALVADORACEAE 320. Salvadora persica L. Arabic names: Miswak, Siwak,Arak, Rak .!l11 , .!l1} , .!ll.,-- , 11.r-. Use: Bark is used against poisonous bites, producesanti bacterial agents of \,ide spectrum (gram negative andgram positive bacteria). Leaves used against 5)'J)halis. Fruits. used forstomach ailments, canninative.Leaves, roots,bark and flowercont ain oil whicha cts as diuretic. SANTALACEAE 321. Osyrisalba L. SCROPHULARIACEAE 322. Antirrlrinum majusL. Arabicnames : Fam As-Sarnka,Hanak As-S aba' e,--Ji.!.6- , .(.._Ji� Use: Leaves and flowers used as antiscorbutic and liver diseases. 323. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell Arabic name: BarbinBarri •h .'.f;;.JL Use: All the plant is used as nervine tonic, for epilepsy, insanity. nen-ous break down and as cardiotonic. 324. Verbascum sinuatum L. Arabic names: Ummaiah, Awar.voor. Shaward. Athan Ad-Dub,Al-Busair,y .i.J,.:i1;i , , Jr' .mr , .,.,...,. ..,,....,i, Use: Leaves and roots are reputed to be used for eye diseases and as anlipoison. • 107 - Dirasat, Medical and Biological Sciences, Volume 25, No. 2, 1998 325. Ve ronica anagallis-aq1wtica L. Arabic names: Habaq, Hwarreb •..1-r , .;,,- Use: The flowering herb used for skin ailments,for sto mach ailments, arthritis and rheumatism.for scurvy, as cathertic and as emetic. 326. Veronica syriacaRo emer & Schultes SMJLACEAE 327. Smilaxasp era L. Arabicnames: Hashishet AJ-Batur, Valliq, U'laiq ..;.L>,._;.,t;, ;_,h,.!1 � Use: Roots are used .for skin ailments and rheumalic pains, also as depurative,_sudorific,di uretic. diaphoreticand usedfor gou t and dropsy. SOLANACEAE 328. Capsicum annum L. (cultivated). Arabic names: Failayf]ah, Filayf]ahHila walt ,_,b- .J..i,l;,J.i.,l; Use: Fruits considered as diuretic, appetizer, digestive, stimulant, tonic and aphrodisiac. Used externally as rubefacient and anti- hemorrhoides. Red pepper usefu1 forco ugh, asthma. colic spasm. Ieucoderma and as aphrodisiac. 329. Datura innoxia Miller 330. Daturastramon ium L. Arabic names: Shajaret AJ-Janna, Shajaret Al- Jamal,Daturah. Tufah shauki .;r cw , •1.,,, , , JJ,-1,p-i. , u,.1•� Use: The plant is used as demulcent, e)...-pectorant, antispasmodic, used against cough, asthma and phthisis. Leaves mixed with Atropa belladona for preparing powder used against asthma. The therapeutic medicinal preparations andDatura used as antispasmodic,st omachic, intestinal unlcers, colon inflamations. Leavesused as tincturefor cou gh, larynxinfla mation and forasthma_ Seedsused as aphrodisiac. sedative preparationscan be used forepil epsy. 331. Hy oscyamus albusL. Arabic n�es: Sikran, Banj Abiad ._,;..,ii?::-'I , ;;,_f- Use: Leaves and seeds used for rheumatic and neural pains, chroniccough, breathingdifficult y and sedative. Leaves used as cataplasm for gout, swelling testis and swelling breasts.also used as a compress to reduce pain. 332. Hy oscyamus aureus L. Arabic names: Saikran, Binj Asfar _,...,,i� , :Jl_f- Use: used for therapeuticpreparations used forsto mach and colon ulcers,sedativefor uri nary system and uterus painsThe oil ell.1.racted from leavesused exte rnally as sedative forrheuma tic and neural pains. 333. Hy oscyamus muticus L. Arabicnames : Saikran.Taturah, • JY-v , ;;1_f- Use: Leaves for musculature spasm, hysteria and cough. Cataplasm of fresh leaves used againsl various pains, dried leavesfor asthma . 334. Hy oscyamus reticulatus L. Arabic names: Saik.ran. Binj e"' , ;;1.f-. Use: Preparations from leavesand seeds used for insomnia, as sedative, tremor, rheumatic conditions. seasick ness. Preparationsare poisonous and never be used fordomest ic purposes. 335. Ly cium shawii Roemer & Schultes Arabic names: Awsaj, O'saj, Sarim ()1.- , e-----s- , �r Use: Fruits are used as excellant foreye diseases, leprosy, ulcers, scabies and itching. 336. Mandragora autumnalisBertol . Arabic names: Tufahal-M ajanin,Ba yd-Al-Jinn. Beid Al- Ghol, Safarjal, Tufah A1-Majan,,:,..;�, cw J,iC W l j,,-)- < _:yllft l .},.-1 ,.A1 Use: The plant used as narcotic, sedativeand calmalive, fumigationof leavesare useful forcough, bronchitis,throat pains and also forgenital organsdiseases. 337. Nicotiana rustica L. -108 - Check-List of Medicinal Plants in Jordan Arabic names: Dokhan Akhdar, Dokhan, Hishey, Dokhan Barri, Tambak.Taumbak ,;i1.,,.. , .,..;,.,,-ij\,.,.• !IV '<$;- ,:i1.,:.. ' ..r-:" Use: Leaves are known as vermifuge, used for throat and teeth pains if mixed with thyme and smoked, also as antisepticand healing effects on wounds. 338. Nicotiana tabacumL. Arabicnames : Titin.Dokhan ;i1.,,.. ,,:.;.; Use: An. acid is extracted from leaves and used forcertain preperations fors tomach and intestinal ailments, liver diseases, wounds. un-healed ulcers, Nicotine used against scabies, parasites and insects. 339. Solanmn dulcamaraL. Arabicname: Inab Ad-Deeb ½-!.I.II� Use: The plant used as diuretic, stimulant, for1 central nervous systemand blood disorders. Fruits as aphrodisiac, diuretic, antirheumaticand laxative'. Leaves used forkidney, gallbladder disorders andas diuretic. 1 340. Solanum nigr11mL. Arabic names: Inab Al-Haiyah. Inab Al-Tha'lab, �emma, Samwah c.'f , ....., ..,.J..ll1�, ._,L.1 ...,_,.. Use: Leaves used externally fordermal ulcers and to treat animal scabies, also tender leaves used to cure furniculosis. Fruits used for teethache,for eye and ear troubles. 341. Solanum lute11mMiller The sameas S. nigrum 342. Wtt hania som11ifera (L.)Dunal Arabic names: SanunAl-Far, Ubub, Samwah •f , Yr. , Jw, r- Use: · The gum of thebark is used against rheumaticpains and diuretic. Roots against rheumatic pains and hypertension. Seedsemetic, diuretic andanesthetic. STYRACEAE 343. Styra."( officinalisL. Arabic names: A 'bhar, Hawz,Libnah .:.,I • jr , # Use: The gum of the bark is used to preparedrug " StorID<" whichis considered expectorant and antiseptic, also usedfor dermal troubles. Twigs soaked in Brandy arechewed to clean teeth. TAMARICACEAE . 344. Tamarixaphylla (L.) Karst. Arabic names: Athl,Tarfah, Aba'l, Sidr .,.,_ , J,i1 , .;J, , J:i Use: Leaves and branches used for spleen oedema. Bark used against lice. Fruitsused against diarrhoea,bleeding, cough and asthma. 345. Tamarixmanif era (Ehrenb.)De cne. Arabic names: Athl,Tarf ah, Aba'I, Sidr .,.,_ ., ...h', .;;, , ,Yi Use: Fruitsfor skin infectionsand wounds healing. THYMELAEACEAE 346. Dapl,nelin earifolia Hart. Arabic name: Zaz ;i; Use: Boiled bark used forrheum atism. 341. Thymelaea hirsuta (L.)EndL Arabic nmaes: Matnan, Methnan:JI.!:, , ,:i\:!.. Use: Leaves used as antihalmintic, hydragogue, cathartic and expectorant. TILIACEAE 348. Corcl,orus ollloriusL. Arabicnames : Mulkhiyah, Mulukiyah ..,...;. Use: Leaves nutritive, laxative, carminative and used as remedy for Blagra disease. Seeds used as cardiotonic andlaxati ve. TYPHACEAE 349. Typ l,adomingensis (Pers.) Steudel -109 - Dirasat, Medical and Biological Sciences, Volume 25, No. 2, 1998 1 , ...._i1 , .JI Arabic names: Bardi,Al -Sa'd, Al-Sa'ail � ,.p Use: Rhizomes used for wounds, teeth troubles and as hemostalic. ULMACEAE 350. Cellisaustr alisL. Arabic names: Rustam. �; Use: Fruits are usedagai nstameno rrhoea and colic pain. UMBELLIFERAE 351. Ammi majus L. ..i;j , 4,,. Arabic names: Kb.ilia,Khil lah. Khilalh shaytaniyyah,Z end Al- A'roos ...rJ.,J1 -..,l.ly. ..,_,., Use: seeds used forleukodenna. carminative andas antispasmodic_ 352. Apium graveolens L. Arabicname s: Krafs, Furfus. Krafus �j v _,;J , �}' Use: Leaves diuretic, canninative, tonic and aphrodisiac. Roots diuretic and given in anasarca and colic. Seeds stimulant, tonic. emmenagogue and antiseptic. used in bronchitis , asthma, iver and spleen disorders. Dry fr uits used for rheumatism, arthritis. wine and renal disorders, to expel gases, treatment of jaundice, constipation. pregnency, testies pains.scab ies, gout pains and as diuretic. Allthe pla nt have antiinflammatory activity and similarcortizo ne effect. 353. Daucus carota L. Arabic name: Khalab ..,_,. Use: Fresh crushed roots are used externally forbums, jice usedfor carc inogenic ulcers, and burns. used forurinary stonesand as general tonic. 354. Deverra tortuosa (Desf.) DC. Arabic name:•;).!• Use: Young plantis usedas diuretic. 355. Ducrosiaflabellifolia Boiss Arabic name:,,u>.f•• Use: seeds used as sedative for toothache 356, Eryngium creticum Lam. Arabic name:Shawk Al- Arkabani .,;i,;_,.ll .!l_,..,. Use: Leaves and roots are used against anemia. dropsy and colic pains. Laxative and emetic. 357. Fo eniculum vulagareMill er Arabic name: Shu.marJ'r Use: Digestive. appetizer, used for cough and abdominal pains. 358. Lagoecia cuminoides L. Arabic name: Kurtrub Y}...? Use: The plant is boiled for cardiac ailments. URTICACEAE 359, Urtica urens L. Arabic name: Aurayais, Qurayais. Hurraya �.,,.., ,r1./', o.J'!J use: Diuretic, antirheumatic. tonic andantispasmodic. VIOLACEAE 360, Viola odorata L. Arabic name: Banafsej � Use:used forcough . bronchitis. and as mouth wash. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE 361. Pega11um liormalaL. Arabic name : Harmal • Harjal J,.,,.. , J,,,.,,.. Use: All plant is antiinfalmmalory,su dorific. sedative and narcoti 362, Tr ibulus terrestrisL. Arabic name : Kutrab ..,,,..,i.:, Use: All plant is astringent, antiseptic, diuretic and tonic. -110 - Check-List of Medicinal Plants in Jordan 363, Zy gophyll11m simple.,,:, L. Arabic names:Harm , Hamad, Ginn, Jarrnal.Un-t hirib -.,.!# , Jl._,,. , (.,.►.,.v- , r.r Use: AJI plant is reported to -beused forsu gar diabetis andcont ains chemical compoundsthat can be used in drug industry. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Anderson Edward, F. 1986. Ethnobotany of Hill Tribes of Northern Thailand. I. Medicinal Plants of Akha. This project is sponsored by the Higher Economic Botany, 40( I ): 38-53. Council for Science and Technology, Jordan Awad Alla, A.A. 1984. Treatmenr by Herbs and Curi11g Badia Research and Development Programme, Planrs, Dar Ikra, Beirut, (in Arabic). Jordan. Boulos, L. 1983. Medical Plants of No rth Africn, Reference Publications Inc. Michigan. Boulos, L., and N.M. AI-Hadidi. 1984. The Weed Flora of Egypt. The American University of Cairo Press, Cairo. Boukef, K., and H.R. Souissi. 1982. Contriblllion A l'e1ude REFERENCES Des Plames Utilisees en Medecine Populaire Tunisien11e, Faculle' de Pharmacie- Monastir, 3: 31-44. Aboudi, A.F., et al. 1986. Alkaloides of Fumaria Densijlora. Chafique Younis, J., et al. 1987. Repertory of Drugs and J. Ner t. Prod., 49(2): 370. Medicinal Plants used in Traditional Medicine of Abu-Niaaj L. et al. 1993. Isolation and Biological Effect of , , Afghanistan. Journal of Ethnopl,armacology, 20: 7�0 Methyleriodictuol, a Flavanone Isolated from 245-290. Arremisia Monosperma, on Rat Isolated Smooth Chakravarty, H.C. 1976. Plant Wealth of Iraq, (A Dictionary Muscles. Plan ta Medica., 59: 42-45. of Economic Plants), I: 505. Botany Directerate. Abu Safieh, K.A., et al. 1986. Chemical Constituent of the Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarin Reform, Baghdad. Flora of Jordan, IL Alkaloids of Leontic Leontopetalum. Chorpa, R.N .• S.L. Chorpa, and LC. Chorpa. _1956. Glossary J. Na t..Prod., 49 (4): 762-763. of Indian Medicinal Plants, Council of Scientific and Ahmed, M.S., G. Honda, and W. Miki. 1979. Herb Drugs and Industrial Research, New Delhi. Herbalists in the Middle East. Institute for the Study of Coals, A.M. 1968. Flowers and their Histories, 2nd ed: 346 Languages and Cultres of Asia and Africa, No. 8, 208. Adam and Charles Black, London. Daiwa Printing Co., Ltd., Tokyo. Coon, N. 1974. The Dictionary of Usefu l Plants, Rodale Abu Zaid, N.A. 1986. Planrs and Medicinal Herbs. Dar Al Press, Emmaus, U.S.A. Behar, Beirut (in Arabic). Dafni, Amots, Yaniv Zohara, and Dan Palevitch. 1984. AI-Attar, I. 1950. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, I: 282. Al• Ethnobotanical Plants in Northern Israel. Journal of Fikra Press, Cairo (in Arabic). Ethnophcrrmacology, IO: 295-310. Al-Eisawi, D.M. 1982. Lisi of Jordan Vascular Plants. Mitt. De Sloova, J., and M. Goossens. 1982. Wild herbs, a Fie/cl Bot. Staatssamml. Muchen. 18: 79-182. G11ide. David and Chaeles. Newlon Abbot, London. AI-Khalifa, E.G., and M.S. Sharkas. 1984. Medicinal Plants EI-Afifi, F., et al. 1986. .i\lkaloides of Glaucium of Kuwait, Kuwait foundation for Scientific Progress, grandijlorum. J. Nat. Prod., 49(6): 1166-1 167. Kuwait. Feinbrun, N. 1978. Flora·Palcrestina. 3: 481. The Israel Al-Khalil, S.M. 1986. Th e Isolation and Identification of Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Jerusalem. Alkaloides fr om Jordanian Thalictrum lsopy ides C.A. m Feinbrun, N. 1986. Flora Palaestina. 4: 462. The Israel Meyer. (Ranunculaceae). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem. Pitlsburgh, U.S.A. Gharaibeh, M.N., H.H. Elayan, and A.S. Salhab. 1988. Al-Khalil, S.M. 1995. A Survey of Plants used in Jordanian Hypoglycemic Effect of Te 11crium po/ium. Journal of Traditional Medicine. In ternational Journal of Ethnopharmaco/ogy, 24: 93-99. · Pharmacocnosy, 33(4): 317-323. Ghazal, S.A., M. Abuzarqa, and A.M. Mahasneh. 1992. AI-Odat, M., and J. Lahham. 1979. Medicinal Plants in Antimicrobial Activity of Polygon11m equisetiforme Syria, I: 296. Damascus, (in Arabic). Extracts and Flavonoides. 6: 265-269 Phytotlierap)' Al-Saadi, H.A., and A. Al-Mayah. 1983. Aquatic Plants of Research. Iraq, Center of Arab Gulf Studies Publications, 52, Guest, E. 1966. Flom of Iraq. I: 213 Ministry or Agriculture. Basrah, (in Arabic). Baghdad. - Ill - Dfrasat, Medical and Biological Sciences, Volume 25, No. 2, 1998 Heywood, V .H. 1971. The Biology a11d Chemistry of rhe Polunin, 0. 1969. Fl�wers of Europe, London, Oxford Univ. Umbel/ife rae. Academic Press, London. Press, New York, Toronto. Heywood, V . H. 1983. Flowering Plants of the World, Ox ford Rezik, A.M. 1986. The Phylochemistry of the Flora of Qatar, University Press, Oxford, London, Melbourne. The Scientific and Applied Research Centre, University Hussaien, K.T.F. 1981. Th e Medicinal Plallls, Planiing and of Qarar, Qatar. Constituents. Dar AI-Marreekh, Al-Riad, (in Arabic). Ruwaiha, A. 1981. Therapy by Herbs, 61h edition. Dar AI Jaber, W. 1985. Uses of Herbs and Vegetables and their Qalam, Beirut, (in Arabic). Medical Application, New Library for Printing and Slavik, B. 1978. A Colour Guide 10 Familiar Wild Flowers Publishing, Beirut, (in Arabic). Fems and Grasses, Octopus Book Limited, London. Jaber, W. 1985. Recovering by Plants, Dar Lisan Al-Arab, Tlass, M. 1989. Botanical Medicinal Encyclopedia. Dar Beirut. (in Arabic). Tlaas, Damascus. Launert, E. 1981. The Hw�an Guide to Edible and Medicinal Townsend, C.C., and E. Guest. 1966. Flora of Iraq. 2: 184. Plams of Britain and Nof1liern Europe, Hamlyn, London, Ministryof Agriculture and Agrarine Reform, Baghdad. New York, Sydney, Toro11to. Townsend, C.C., and E. Guest. 1974. Flora of Iraq. 3: 662. Lewis, H.W., and P.F.M. Lewis. 1977. Medical Botany, John Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarine Reform, Baghdad. Wiley and Sons, New Yoi�. London, Sydney, Toronto. Townsend, C.C., and E. Guest. 1980. Flora of Iraq. 4: 1199. Mandavil le, P.J. 1978. Wild Flowers of Northern O'man, Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarine Reform, Baghdad. Bartholomew Books, London. UNJSCO, 1960. Medicinal Plants of the Arid Zones, Majeed, S.H .• and M.J. Mahmood. 1988. Th e IraqiPlanrs Oberthur, Rennes, France. a11cl Herbs (Between the Folk Medicine and 1/ie Scientific Vaughan, G.J., J.A. Macleod, and G.M.B. Jones. 1 976. The Research), Dar Al-Thawra Press, Baghdad. Biology and Chemistry of Cruc1fe rae. Academic Press, Melderis, A., and E.P. Barngerter. 1959. A Handbook of London, New York, San Francisco. British Flowering Pla111s, A Belard-Schuman Limited, Vinceu, A.L. 1977. Wild Flowers of Central Saudi Arabia, New York, London. Pl. ME. Editrice - Milano, Italy. Mukarz.al. K.S. 1986. Our Herbs are our Medicines. Jzz Ed Younos, C., el al. 1987. Repertory of Drugs and Medicinal Deen Fou ndation for Printing and Publications, Beirut, Plants Used in .Traditional Medicine of Afghanistan. (in Arabic). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 20: 245-290. Oran. S.A. 1996. Flavonoids of the Genus Salvia L. Zohara, Y., et al. 1987. Plants used forTreatment of Diabetes Joumal of Eth1Wpliarmacology, (Labiatae) in iordan Bull. Soc. Na t. Tunisie, t, 2S: in lsraeal. _ 19: l4S-1 51. 93-96. 2;ohary, M. 1966. Flora Palaeslina, I: 364. The Israel Oran, S.A., and. A. Raies. 1 998a. Antimicrobical Effect of the Academy or Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem. Medicinal Plant Globularia. Submitted, Dirasat. Zohary, M. 1972. Flora Palaestina. II: 489. The Israel Oran. S.A. 1998b. Potato Disc Bioassay of Some Jordanian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem. Medicinal Plants, Submitled Pharmaceulical Biology. Zohary, M. 1982. Plants of the Bible, Cambridge University Post, G.E. 1931-1932. Flora of Syria, Palestine a.ndSinai . Press, Cambridge. 2nd edition, I and If: 658-928 American Press, Beirut. � u-11 � �I �k__,.11 .:.,1,jl...fJI &,o tL_,; 363 � � i,JJil � �I .:.,1,j4i1I •� W\J .Jl.i&!r.:i .,,. 4-,� 1.20� L. .:.J;..... �I tl_,-.':11 -k� ,$.J:,:.J . lr.,":,u .:.1,j4=JI .,,. i� .� "�J uaL 86 J 263 �I .:.,l..l.i..::,.;...... 'l/1r"I .:.IIAJ ,us:.._.dJ,j O 1.S �I ¼>"-1 1 .L...... �I �I .UJ . ..:,JJ'l/1 � �I �)I .:.,1,jl...fJI . '!�I - er,-•--�-'l �. I Ir·L �J .