DOCSLIB.ORG

<I>HELIANTHUS ANNUUS</I>

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
<I>HELIANTHUS ANNUUS</I> Evolution, 42(2), 1988, pp. 227-238 A MOLECULAR REEXAMINATION OF INTROGRESSION BETWEEN HELIANTHUS ANNUUS AND H. BOLANDERI (COMPOSITAE) loREN H. RIESEBERG, I DOUGLAS E. SOLTIS, Department ofBotany, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 AND JEFFREY D. PALMER Department ofBiology, University ofMichigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109 Abstract. -Heiser (1949) hypothesized that a weedy race of Helianthus bolanderi had originated by the introgression of genes from H. annuus into a serpentine race of H. bolanderi. Although Heiser's investigation of these species is frequently cited as one ofthe best examples ofintrogression in plants, definitive evidence of gene exchange is lacking (Heiser, 1973). To determine whether the weedy race of H. bolanderi actually originated via introgression, we analyzed allozyme, chlo­ roplast-DNA (cpDNA), and nuclear-ribosomal-DNA (rDNA) variation. Evidence from enzyme electrophoresisdid not support the proposed introgressive origin ofweedy H. bolanderi. We detected a total of 37 low-frequency alleles distinguishing the serpentine race of H. bolanderi from H. annuus. Weedy H. bolanderi possessed only four of the 37 marker alleles. Further analysis demonstrated that serpentine H. bolanderi combined seven of the 35 alleles distinguishing H. annuus from weedy H. bolanderi, indicating that serpentine H. bolanderi shares three more marker alleles with H. annuus than does weedy H. bolanderi. These results are similar to expectations for race divergence from a single common ancestor and suggest that, ifintrogression occurred, the majority of marker alleles were rapidly lost following the initial hybridization event. Even more compelling evidence opposing Heiser's (1949) hypothesis, however, was from re­ striction-fragment analysis of cpDNA and nuclear rDNA. We detected a total of 17 cpDNA and five rDNA restriction-site mutations among the 19 populations examined. No parallel or back mutations were observed in phylogenetic trees constructed using eithercpDNAor rDNA mutations, and both phylogenies were completely congruent regarding the alignment of all three taxa. In addition, the weedy race ofH. bolanderi possessed a unique cpDNA, which was outside the range of variation observed among populations of either ofthe presumed parental species. Mean sequence divergences between the cpDNAs of weedy H. bolanderi and those ofserpentine H. bolanderi and H. annuus were 0.30% and 0.35%, respectively. These estimates are comparable to sequence­ divergence values observed between closely related species in other plant groups. Given the lack of parallel or convergent mutations in the cpDNA and rDNA phylogenetic trees, the complete congruence of these trees with flavonoid- and allozyme-variation patterns, and the presence of a unique and divergent chloroplast genome in the weedy race of H. bolanderi, we suggest that the weedy race of H. bolanderi was not derived recently through introgression, as hypothesized, but is relatively ancient in origin. Received June 9,1987. Accepted October 27,1987 For the past 50 years, interspecific gene permanent addition of genes from one flow via hybridization and subsequent in­ species into another, resulting in the cre­ trogression has been implicated as one of ation and establishment ofa new type, has the primary factors bringing about evolu­ rarely been demonstrated (Heiser, 1973). tionary change in many plant groups (An­ Nevertheless, numerous studies have im­ derson, 1949; Stebbins, 1959, 1969; Grant, plicated introgression in the origin and es­ 1981). However, the frequency of occur­ tablishment ofnew races, varieties, subspe­ rence and importance ofintrogression in the cies, and species (e.g., Heiser, 1949, 1951b; evolution of plants is unknown. Although Grant, 1950; Levin, 1963; Ornduff, 1967; the occurrence of backcrossed individuals Bloom, 1976; Davis, 1985). Although in­ in hybrid swarms is well documented (e.g., trogression may have occurred in these ex­ Heiser, 1949; Alston and Turner, 1963, amples, they are based primarily on mor­ Levin, 1975; Soltis and Soltis, 1986), the phological data and historical inference, making conclusive documentation of in­ trogression difficult. Other equally plausible I Present address: Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gar­ hypotheses are convergent evolution, reten­ den, 1500 N. College, Claremont, CA 91711. tion ofancestral characters, and phenotypic 227 228 L. H. RIESEBERG ET AL. plasticity. However, the use of precise ge­ sive hybrid swarms in areas ofcontact. Us­ netic markers provided by allozyme varia­ ing morphological and cytological data, tion and restriction-site mutations in spe­ Heiser (1949) hypothesized that the weedy cific DNA sequences may resolve ambiguous race ofH. bolanderi developed in California questions of introgression. through introgression ofgenes from the re­ The annual species of Helianthus (sun­ cently introduced H. annuus into the ser­ flowers) are particularly favorable for study­ pentine race of H. bolanderi. Although H. ing introgression (Stebbins and Daly, 1961; annuus and H. bolanderi do hybridize, and Heiser et aI., 1969; Levin, 1975). They are although the weedy race ofH. bolanderi ap­ widespread, self-incompatible, and weedy, proaches H. annuus in a number of mor­ often colonizing disturbed habitats. Heiser phological characters, no evidence of gene (1947,1949, 1951a, 1951b, 1954, 1961)has exchange away from hybrid swarms has been shown that hybridization occurs frequently documented. In fact, even Heiser (1973) and that hybrids, although nearly sterile, can considered his earlier morphological find­ produce some offspring by backcrossing with ings to be less than definitive and envi­ the parental species. Heiser (1965) suggest­ sioned that new biochemical and genetic ed that ecological amplitude and genetic tools might help solve ambiguous questions variation in some of these species has been of introgression. increased by this process. Finally, this group Although allozyme variation has been has been the subject ofextensive cytological used successfully to investigate introgres­ and morphological studies (Heiser, 1947, sion in animal species (e.g., Selander et aI., 1949, 1951a, 1951b, 1954,1961), and 1969; Hunt and Selander, 1973; Avise and members of this group are often cited as Smith, 1974; Avise and Saunders, 1984), outstanding examples of introgression. the use of electrophoretic markers to study The most frequently cited example ofin­ introgression in plants has been limited trogression in Helianthus, indeed one ofthe (Levin, 1975; Bell and Lester, 1978; Soltis classic cases of introgression in plants, in­ and Soltis, 1986; Doebley et aI., 1984; Sol­ volves the two annual sunflowers of Cali­ tis, 1985). fornia, Helianthus annuus and H. bolanderi Comparison of cytoplasmic and nuclear (Heiser, 1949). Helianthus annuus is a com­ genetic markers has produced perhaps the mon roadside weed in California, occurring most suggestive evidence for introgression frequently in the central valley and in south­ in nature, in both plants and animals. Palm­ ern California. Helianthus annuus was al­ er et al. (1983) demonstrated a discrepancy ready in the state when the first botanical between biparental nuclear and maternal­ collections were made and was used by the cpDNA phylogenies in Brassica and native Americans for various purposes suggested the occurrence of introgression. (Heiser, 1949). Since it does not now occur Similarly, comparison of karyotypes and in natural sites in California, it was very cpDNAs in Pisum (Palmer et aI., 1985) sug­ likely introduced quite recently by native gested one possible instance in which cy­ Americans (Heiser, 1949; Stebbins and toplasms may have been exchanged be­ Daly, 1961). Helianthus bolanderi, in con­ tween related species. Studies of mitochon­ trast, is native to California and was shown drial-DNA variation in deer (Carr et aI., by Heiser(1949) to consist oftwo races. One 1986), Drosophila (Powell 1983; Solignac of these races is restricted to the foothill and Monnerot, 1986), mice (Ferris et aI., regions of California and grows chiefly on 1983), sunfish (Avise and Saunders, 1984), serpentine-derived soils. This race is re­ tree frogs (Lamb and Avise, 1986), trout ferred to as the serpentine race ofH. bolan­ (Gyllensten et aI., 1985), and water frogs den (Heiser, 1949). The other race is weedy (Spolsky and Uzzell, 1984) have also un­ and invades fields, ditches, and roadsides covered possible cases of introgression. in the central valley of California; it is re­ Here we examine allozyme, chloroplast­ ferred to as the weedy race of H. bolanderi DNA, and nuclear-ribosomal-DNA varia­ (Heiser, 1949). The weedy race of H. bo­ tion among populations of H. annuus and landeri is sympatric with H. annuus in the H. bolanderi. As part of an exhaustive ex­ central valley, and the two taxa form exten- amination of introgression in these taxa INTROGRESSION IN HELIANTHUS 229 (Rieseberg, 1987), some of the populations (I.dh-l, 2), leucine aminopeptidase (Lap-I,2), employed in this study have also been ex­ malate dehydrogenase (Mdh-2,3), malic en­ amined using flavonoid chemistry and mor­ zyme (Me-I), phosphoglucoisomerase (Pgi­ phology. Two specific questions are ad­ 1,2), phosphoglucomutase (Pgm-I,3), dressed in this study: 1) are allozyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (Pgd-3), cpDNA, and rDNA data consistent with the and triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi-I,2,3). hypothesized origin ofthe weedy race ofH. All enzymes were resolved on 12.5% starch bolanderi through introgression? 2) are DNA
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phylogenetic Models Linking Speciation and Extinction to Chromosome and Mating System Evolution
    Phylogenetic Models Linking Speciation and Extinction to Chromosome and Mating System Evolution by William Allen Freyman A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology and the Designated Emphasis in Computational and Genomic Biology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Dr. Bruce G. Baldwin, Chair Dr. John P. Huelsenbeck Dr. Brent D. Mishler Dr. Kipling W. Will Fall 2017 Phylogenetic Models Linking Speciation and Extinction to Chromosome and Mating System Evolution Copyright 2017 by William Allen Freyman Abstract Phylogenetic Models Linking Speciation and Extinction to Chromosome and Mating System Evolution by William Allen Freyman Doctor of Philosophy in Integrative Biology and the Designated Emphasis in Computational and Genomic Biology University of California, Berkeley Dr. Bruce G. Baldwin, Chair Key evolutionary transitions have shaped the tree of life by driving the processes of spe- ciation and extinction. This dissertation aims to advance statistical and computational ap- proaches that model the timing and nature of these transitions over evolutionary trees. These methodological developments in phylogenetic comparative biology enable formal, model- based, statistical examinations of the macroevolutionary consequences of trait evolution. Chapter 1 presents computational tools for data mining the large-scale molecular sequence datasets needed for comparative phylogenetic analyses. I describe a novel metric, the miss- ing sequence decisiveness score (MSDS), which assesses the phylogenetic decisiveness of a matrix given the pattern of missing sequence data. In Chapter 2, I introduce a class of phylogenetic models of chromosome number evolution that accommodate both anagenetic and cladogenetic change.
    [Show full text]
  • Rare and Endemic Plants of Lake County • Serpentine Soil Habitats
    OFF_,, C-E COP'-f RARE AND ENDEMIC PLANTS OF LAKE COUNTY • SERPENTINE SOIL HABITATS by Niall F. McCarten Department of Botany • University of California Berkeley, California for • EndangeredPlantProgram California Department of Fish and Game Sacramento, California • RARE AND ENDEMIC PLANTS OF LAKE COUNTY SERPENTINE SOIL HABITATS Prepared by Niall F. McCarten • Departmentof Botany University of California Berkeley, California 94720 • Prepared for Endangered Plant Project California Department of Fish and Game 1416 Ninth Street, Room 1225 • Sacramento, California 95814 Funded by • California Department of Fish and Game Tax Check-off Funds Contract No. C-2037 June 15, 1988 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ....................................... ii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................... iii ABSTRACT .......................................... iv INTRODUCTION ...................................... 1 METHODS ......................................... 1 RESULTS ......................................... 2 Rare Plants .................................. 2 Floristics .................................. 5 Plant Communities ............................ 8 Serpentine soils and geology ................... Ii DISCUSSION .......................................... 17 Plant and serpentine soil ecology .............. 17 • Genetics of Serpentine Soil Adaptation ........... 19 Rare Plant Adaptation to Serpentine Soil ......... 19 CONCLUSIONS ............................................. 20 • Causes of Plant Rarity ............................. 21
    [Show full text]
  • Lntrogression and Its Consequences in Plants Loren H
    Botany Publication and Papers Botany 1993 lntrogression and Its Consequences in Plants Loren H. Rieseberg Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Jonathan F. Wendel Iowa State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/bot_pubs Part of the Botany Commons, Evolution Commons, and the Plant Breeding and Genetics Commons Recommended Citation Rieseberg, Loren H. and Wendel, Jonathan F., "lntrogression and Its Consequences in Plants" (1993). Botany Publication and Papers. 8. http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/bot_pubs/8 This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Botany at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botany Publication and Papers by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. lntrogression and Its Consequences in Plants Abstract The or le of introgression in plant evolution has been the subject of considerable discussion since the publication of Anderson's influential monograph, Introgressive Hybridization (Anderson, 1949). Anderson promoted the view, since widely held by botanists, that interspecific transfer of genes is a potent evolutionary force. He suggested that "the raw material for evolution brought about by introgression must greatly exceed the new genes produced directly by mutation" ( 1949, p. 102) and reasoned, as have many subsequent authors, that the resulting increases in genetic diversity and number of genetic combinations promote the development or acquisition of novel adaptations (Anderson, 1949, 1953; Stebbins, 1959; Rattenbury, 1962; Lewontin and Birch, 1966; Raven, 1976; Grant, 1981 ). In contrast to this "adaptationist" perspective, others have accorded little ve olutionary significance to introgression, suggesting instead that it should be considered a primarily local phenomenon with only transient effects, a kind of"evolutionary noise" (Barber and Jackson, 1957; Randolph et al., 1967; Wagner, 1969, 1970; Hardin, 1975).
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Mir390-Dependent Transacting Sirna Precursors in Plants Revealed by a PCR-Based Experimental Approach and Database Analysis
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Volume 2009, Article ID 952304, 9 pages doi:10.1155/2009/952304 Research Article Novel miR390-Dependent Transacting siRNA Precursors in Plants Revealed by a PCR-Based Experimental Approach and Database Analysis M. S. Krasnikova,1 I. A. Milyutina,2 V. K. Bobrova, 2 L. V. Ozerova,3 A. V. Troitsky,2 A. G. Solovyev,1, 2 andS.Y.Morozov2 1 Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia 2 A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia 3 Main Botanic Garden Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, 127276 Moscow, Russia CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoS.Y.Morozov,[email protected] Received 28 February 2009; Accepted 31 July 2009 Recommended by Zhumur Ghosh TAS loci in plant genomes encode transacting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs) that regulate expression of a number of genes. The function of TAS3 precursor in Arabidopsis thaliana is controlled by two miR390 target sites flanking two ta-siARF sequences targeting mRNAs of ARF transcription factors. Cleavage of the 3-miR390-site initiates ta-siRNAs biogenesis. Here we describe the new method for identification of plant ta-siRNA precursors based on PCR with oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers mimicking miR390. The method was found to be efficient for dicotiledonous plants, cycads, and mosses. Based on sequences of amplified loci and a database analysis, a novel type of miR390-dependent TAS sequences was identified in dicots. These TAS loci are characterized by a smaller distance between miR390 sites compared to TAS3, a single copy of ta-siARF, and a sequence conservation pattern pointing to the possibility that processing of novel TAS-like locus is initiated by cleavage of the 5-terminal miR390 target site.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pennsylvania State University
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology PHYLOGENOMIC ANALYSIS OF ANCIENT GENOME DUPLICATIONS IN THE HISTORY OF PLANTS A Dissertation in Plant Biology by Yuannian Jiao © 2011 Yuannian Jiao Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2011 The dissertation of Yuannian Jiao was reviewed and approved* by the following: Claude dePamphilis Professor of Biology Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Hong Ma Professor of Biology John Carlson Professor of Molecular Genetics Webb Miller Professor of Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics Naomi Altman Professor of Statistics Teh-hui Kao Chair of Plant Biology Graduate Program *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Whole-genome duplication (WGD), or polyploidy, followed by gene loss and diploidization, has generally been viewed as a primary source of material for the origin of evolutionary novelties. Most flowering plants have been shown to be ancient polyploids that have undergone one or more rounds of WGDs early in their evolution, and many lineages have since undergone additional, independent and more recent genome duplications. It was suggested that the paleopolyploidy events were crucial to the radiation and success of angiosperms, but evidence for proposed ancient genome duplications remains equivocal. Plant genomes are highly dynamic and usually go through intense structural rearrangements and gene loss following duplication. Old(er) WGDs can not
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants of Santa Cruz County, California
    ANNOTATED CHECKLIST of the VASCULAR PLANTS of SANTA CRUZ COUNTY, CALIFORNIA SECOND EDITION Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland & Maps by Ben Pease CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY, SANTA CRUZ COUNTY CHAPTER Copyright © 2013 by Dylan Neubauer All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the author. Design & Production by Dylan Neubauer Artwork by Tim Hyland Maps by Ben Pease, Pease Press Cartography (peasepress.com) Cover photos (Eschscholzia californica & Big Willow Gulch, Swanton) by Dylan Neubauer California Native Plant Society Santa Cruz County Chapter P.O. Box 1622 Santa Cruz, CA 95061 To order, please go to www.cruzcps.org For other correspondence, write to Dylan Neubauer [email protected] ISBN: 978-0-615-85493-9 Printed on recycled paper by Community Printers, Santa Cruz, CA For Tim Forsell, who appreciates the tiny ones ... Nobody sees a flower, really— it is so small— we haven’t time, and to see takes time, like to have a friend takes time. —GEORGIA O’KEEFFE CONTENTS ~ u Acknowledgments / 1 u Santa Cruz County Map / 2–3 u Introduction / 4 u Checklist Conventions / 8 u Floristic Regions Map / 12 u Checklist Format, Checklist Symbols, & Region Codes / 13 u Checklist Lycophytes / 14 Ferns / 14 Gymnosperms / 15 Nymphaeales / 16 Magnoliids / 16 Ceratophyllales / 16 Eudicots / 16 Monocots / 61 u Appendices 1. Listed Taxa / 76 2. Endemic Taxa / 78 3. Taxa Extirpated in County / 79 4. Taxa Not Currently Recognized / 80 5. Undescribed Taxa / 82 6. Most Invasive Non-native Taxa / 83 7. Rejected Taxa / 84 8. Notes / 86 u References / 152 u Index to Families & Genera / 154 u Floristic Regions Map with USGS Quad Overlay / 166 “True science teaches, above all, to doubt and be ignorant.” —MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO 1 ~ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ~ ANY THANKS TO THE GENEROUS DONORS without whom this publication would not M have been possible—and to the numerous individuals, organizations, insti- tutions, and agencies that so willingly gave of their time and expertise.
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist of Vascular Plants Endemic to California
    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 3-2020 A Checklist of Vascular Plants Endemic to California James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "A Checklist of Vascular Plants Endemic to California" (2020). Botanical Studies. 42. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/42 This Flora of California is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A LIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS ENDEMIC TO CALIFORNIA Compiled By James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Arcata, California 13 February 2020 CONTENTS Willis Jepson (1923-1925) recognized that the assemblage of plants that characterized our flora excludes the desert province of southwest California Introduction. 1 and extends beyond its political boundaries to include An Overview. 2 southwestern Oregon, a small portion of western Endemic Genera . 2 Nevada, and the northern portion of Baja California, Almost Endemic Genera . 3 Mexico. This expanded region became known as the California Floristic Province (CFP). Keep in mind that List of Endemic Plants . 4 not all plants endemic to California lie within the CFP Plants Endemic to a Single County or Island 24 and others that are endemic to the CFP are not County and Channel Island Abbreviations .
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Ruth Evangeline Timme 2006
    Copyright by Ruth Evangeline Timme 2006 The Dissertation Committee for Ruth Evangeline Timme Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Reticulate Evolution in Helianthus (Asteraceae) Committee: C. Randal Linder, Supervisor Beryl B. Simpson, Co-Supervisor Robert K. Jansen Thomas E. Juenger David M. Hillis Reticulate Evolution in Helianthus (Asteraceae) by Ruth Evangeline Timme, B.S.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2006 Acknowledgements First, I want to thank both of my advisors: Randy Linder for his funding for my project and providing me with an RAship for two years, and both Randy Linder and my co-advisor, Beryl Simpson, for all their helpful advise and support during my time at UT. They both have been so willing to help at a moments notice and have been excellent advisors. I also want to thank Bob Jansen who advised my on my fourth chapter and has served as an informal third advisor for my dissertation. My other two committee members, Tom Juenger and David Hillis were also very accommodating throughout the years in scheduling committee meetings and in giving insightful comments and feedback to my research. I am also grateful to Sheri Church and Eric Baack for sending me leaf material and allowing me to use a molecular marker they had developed in the Rieseberg lab. Also Sherri Church performed two plates of sequences for the polyploids and has been very helpful in discussions regarding my project.
    [Show full text]
  • South San Francisco Bay Weed Management Plan 1St Edition
    South San Francisco Bay Weed Management Plan 1st Edition Prepared by Meg Marriott, Rachel Tertes and Cheryl Strong U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex, 1 Marshlands Road, Fremont, CA 94555 For: Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge and South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project November 20, 2013 Literature Citation Should Read As Follows: Marriott, M., Tertes, R. and C. Strong. 2013. South San Francisco Bay Weed Management Plan. 1st Edition. Unpublished report of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fremont, CA. 82pp. OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................................. 4 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 5 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Site Description and History ..................................................................................................................... 6 Weed Management Areas ......................................................................................................................... 7 WEED MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ...................................................................................................... 12 Weed Management Program Goals .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Walker Ridge and Bear Valley Area, Lake and Colusa Counties
    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Walker Ridge and Bear Valley Area, Lake and Colusa Counties James P. Smith Jr. Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr., "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Walker Ridge and Bear Valley Area, Lake and Colusa Counties" (2018). Botanical Studies. 76. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/76 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE WALKER RIDGE - BEAR VALLEY AREA (LAKE AND COLUSA COUNTIES, CALIFORNIA) Compiled by James P. Smith, Jr. & John O. Sawyer, Jr. Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University Tenth Edition: 01 July 2018 Chlorogalum pomeridianum var. pomeridianum • soaproot F E R N S Dichelostemma multiflorum • wild-hyacinth Dichelostemma volubile • snake-lily, twining brodiaea Dipterostemon capitatum ssp. capitatum • blue dicks Aspidotis densa • Indian's dream Hastingsia alba • white-flowered schoenolirion Equisetum arvense • field horsetail Triteleia hyacinthina • white brodiaea Equisetum laevigatum • smooth scouring-rush Triteleia laxa • Ithuriel's spear Pellaea andromedifolia var. pubescens • coffee fern Triteleia peduncularis • long-rayed triteleia Pellaea mucronata var.
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic Variation in Helianthus: Learning from the Past and Looking to the Future Michael B
    BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS. VOL 13. NO 4. 328 ^340 doi:10.1093/bfgp/elu004 Genomic variation in Helianthus: learning from the past and looking to the future Michael B. Kantar, Gregory J. Baute, Dan G. Bock and Loren H. Rieseberg Advance Access publication date 3 March 2014 Abstract Helianthus is an economically important and genetically diverse genus, containing both evolutionary model species and cultivated species. Genetic variation within this genus has been examined at many different scales, from genome size changes to chromosomal structure to nucleotide variation. The growing amount of genomic resources within the genus has yielded insights into the importance of paleopolyploid events, and how transposable elements can cause rapid genome size increases. The rapidly evolving chromosomes in Helianthus have provided a system whereby it has been possible to study how chromosomal rearrangements impact speciation, adaptation and intro- gression. Population and quantitative genetic studies have used the abundant nucleotide variation to identify a number of candidate genes which may be involved in both local adaptation and domestication. The results from these investigations have provided basic knowledge about evolution and how to utilize genetic resources for both agriculture and conservation. Targeting Helianthus for further study as new technologies emerge will allow for a better understanding of how different types of genomic variation interact and contribute to phenotypic variation in a complex system that is ecologically and economically significant. Keywords: transposableelements;karyotype;nucleotidevariation;hybridization;speciation INTRODUCTION karyotyping methods and high-throughput DNA Genetic variation is the raw material that natural and sequencing, it is now possible to assess genome- artificial selection acts on.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2016/092376 Al 16 June 2016 (16.06.2016) W P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2016/092376 Al 16 June 2016 (16.06.2016) W P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, A61K 36/18 (2006.01) A61K 31/465 (2006.01) KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, A23L 33/105 (2016.01) A61K 36/81 (2006.01) MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, A61K 31/05 (2006.01) BO 11/02 (2006.01) PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, A61K 31/352 (2006.01) SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (21) International Application Number: PCT/IB20 15/002491 (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (22) International Filing Date: GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, 14 December 2015 (14. 12.2015) TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, (25) Filing Language: English TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, (26) Publication Language: English LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, (30) Priority Data: SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, 62/09 1,452 12 December 201 4 ( 12.12.20 14) US GW, KM, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG).
    [Show full text]