AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FUND Language : English Original : English
MULTINATIONAL
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO AND UGANDA
LAKES EDWARD AND ALBERT FISHERIES (LEAF) PILOT PROJECT
NILE EQUATORIAL LAKES SUBSIDIARY ACTION PROGRAM (NELSAP)
NILE BASIN INITIATIVE
AGRICULTURE AND RURAL ONAR DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT AUGUST 2003 Table of Contents
Project Information Sheet, List of Tables And Annexes, Currency And Measures, List of Abbreviations, Comparative Socioeconomic Indicators for DRC and Uganda, Executive Summary and Project Matrix Page No.
1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1 1.1 Origin and History of the Pilot Project 1 1.2 Structure of Nile Basin Initiative 2 1.3 Socio Economic Constraints 2
2. THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR OF THE DRC AND UGANDA 4 2.2 Agriculture sector of the Democratic Republic of Congo 4 2.3 Agriculture sector of Uganda: 4
3. FISHERIES SUBSECTOR IN DRC AND UGANDA 5 3.1 Background Information 5 3.2 The Importance of Fisheries to the Economy of Uganda and DRC 5 3.3 Institutional set-up of fisheries sub sector of the DRC and Uganda 6 3.4 National Fisheries Policies in Uganda and the DRC 7 3.5 Constraints and opportunities 7
4. THE PILOT PROJECT 8 4.1 Project Concept and Rationale 8 4.2 The Pilot Project Areas and Beneficiaries 9 4.3 Strategic Context 10 4.4 The Pilot Project Objectives 11 4.5 Project Outputs and Detailed Description 11 4.6 Production, Markets and Prices 15 4.7 Environmental Impact 17 4.8 Social impact 17 4.9 Pilot Project Costs 18 4.10 Sources of Finance and Expenditure Schedule 18
5. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION 20 5.1 Executing Agency 20 5.2 Institutional Arrangements 20 5.3 Implementation Schedule 22 5.4 Procurement Arrangements 22 5.5 Disbursement Arrangements 23 5.6 Monitoring and Evaluation 24 5.7 Financial Reporting and Auditing 24 5.8 Aid Coordination 25
6. PILOT PROJECT JUSTIFICATION AND BENEFITS 25
7. RISKS 26
8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 26 8.1 Conclusions 26 8.2 Recommendations 27
List of Tables
Table 3.1 Key Figures of Fishery in the DRC and Uganda Table 4.1 Cost Estimates by Component Table 4.2 Summary of Project Costs by Category of Expenditure Table 4.3 Financing Arrangements Table 5.1 Project Implementation Summary Table 5.2 Procurement Arrangements
Annexes
Annex 1 Map of Uganda and the DRC showing Pilot Project Area Annex 2 Detailed Cost Estimates of the Pilot Project Annex 3 Project Implementation Structure Annex 4 Terms of Reference for Experts Annex 5 Donor Support to NELSAP Annex 6 Project Implementation Schedule Annex 7 Environmental and Social Management Summary
Working Papers
Working Paper No. 1 Principles of Co-Management of Fisheries Resources Working Paper No. 2 Terms of Reference for Fisheries Studies
This report was prepared by Mr. Ken B. Johm, Principal Agricultural Economist, ONAR.1 (Mission Leader), Mr. S. Tounkara, Senior Fisheries Officer, OCAR.3 and Ms. P. J. Mtambo, Senior Agronomist, ONAR.1 following a mission to the DRC and Uganda from 26 February to 12 March 2003. Contributions were received from Messrs. J. Davis and Jakob Granit, Water Resources Management Specialists from the World Bank. Any questions on this document should be addressed to the authors or to Mr. A. BEILEH, Manager, ONAR.1 (Ext.2139) AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT FUND TEMPORARY RELOCATION AGENCY (TRA) ANGLE DES TROIS RUES, BOULEVARD DU GHANA, PIERRE DE COUBERTIN ET HEIDI NOURA BP. 323, 1002 TUNIS BELVEDERE TUNISIA TEL: (216) 71 10. 29.39 FAX: (216) 71 10.34.35 EMAIL: [email protected]
PILOT PROJECT INFORMATION SHEET
The information provided below is intended to provide prospective suppliers, contractors, consultants and all persons interested in offering goods and services following the approval of the Pilot Project by the Board of Directors of the Bank Group. More detailed information and guidelines can be obtained from the Executing Agency.
1. COUNTRY: Multinational: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the Republic of Uganda
2. PILOT PROJECT: Lakes Edward and Albert Fisheries (LEAF) Pilot Project TITLE
3. LOCATION: Lakes Edward and Albert Basin in Eastern DRC (Orientale and North Kivu provinces) and Western Uganda (Bundibazyo, Hoima, Kibale, Masindi, Nebbi, Bushenyi, Kasese, Kanungu and Rukungiri districts).
4. RECIPIENT: The Nile Basin Initiative Secretariat on behalf of the Governments of Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of Uganda
5. EXECUTING Nile Basin Initiative Secretariat (NBI-Sec) AGENCY: P.O. Box 192 Entebbe, Uganda. Tel: (256) 41-320-970 Fax (256) 41-320-971 E-mail: [email protected]
6. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the pilot project is to develop a sustainable plan for the joint management of the water and fisheries resources of Lakes Edward and Albert. 7. DESCRIPTION
The proposed Pilot Project comprises four components:
i) Fisheries Studies and Preparation of Lakes Management Plan; ii) Community Co-Management of Lakes Edward and Albert; iii) Community Development Activities; and, iv) Pilot Project Coordination and Institutional support. ii
8. TOTAL PILOT PROJECT COST:
i) Foreign Exchange : UA 1.43 million ii) Local Cost : UA 0.43 million Total UA 1.86 million
9. SOURCES OF FINANCING:
i) ADF (Grant) : UA 1.65 million ii) Nile Basin Initiative : UA 0.04 million iii) DRC and Uganda : UA 0.16 million iv) Beneficiaries : UA 0.01 Million Total UA 1.86 million
10. DATE OF APPROVAL : October 2003
11. ESTIMATED STARTING DATE AND DURATION : January 2004 for 30 months
12 METHOD OF PROCUREMENT : Procurement will be carried out in accordance with Fund rules and regulation in force. The procurement of the Consultant Firm will be based on a Shortlist of firms. An NGO will be recruited as Project Manager of the co- management and community development activities on the basis of a shortlist of eligible entities. Transportation services will be acquired on a rental basis. Specific equipment required in each country will be procured by national shopping.
13. CONSULTANCY SERVICES : 63 person months of Technical Assistance in various fields. iii
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
1 hectare = 10,000 m² 1 hectare = 2.47 acres 1 kilogram = 2.2046 pounds 1 kilometre = 0.624 miles 1 metric ton = 1,000 Kg 1 metric ton = 2,240 pounds
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (July 2003)
UA 1 = DRC: CDF 571.39 UA 1 = Uganda: USH 2823.87
FISCAL YEAR
Democratic Republic of Congo: January - December Republic of Uganda: July – June
ABBREVIATIONS
ADB African Development Bank ADF African Development Fund BMU Beach Management Unit CIDA Canadian International Development Agency DRC Democratic Republic of The Congo DFID Department For International Development (UK) FIRRI Fisheries Research Institute (Uganda) FTI Fisheries Training Institute (Uganda) FRD Fisheries Resources Department GDP Gross Domestic Product GNP Gross National Product GOU Government Of Uganda HDI Human Development Index ICCON International Consortium on the Cooperation on the Nile ILM Integrated Lakes Management Project (DFID-UK) IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature LVFO Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation MAAIF Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries (Uganda) NBI Nile Basin Initiative NELSAP-CU Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program Coordinating Unit SENADEP Société Nationale pour le développement de la pêche SV(P) Shared Vision (Program) NARO National Agricultural Research Organisation NELTAC Nile Equatorial Lakes Technical Advisory Committee NELCOM Nile Equatorial Lakes Council of Ministers NGO Non Governmental Organisation NORAD Norwegian Aid Agency PCU Project Coordination Unit PID Project Implementation Document RPSC Regional Program Steering Committee SAP Subsidiary Action Program USAID United States Agency for International Development USD United States Dollar WHO World Health Organisation iv
CONGO DEM. REP.: COMPARATIVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Congo Develo- Develo- Year Dem. Africa ping ped Rep. Countries Countries
Basic Indicators Area ( '000 Km²) 2,345 30,061 80,976 54,658 Total Population (millions) 2001 52.5 811.6 4,940.3 1,193.9 Urban Population (% of Total) 2001 31.3 38.0 40.4 76.0 Population Density (per Km²) 2001 22.4 27.0 61.0 21.9 GNI per Capita (US $) 2001 110 671 1,250 25,890 Labor Force Participation - Total (%) 2001 40.5 43.3 … … Labor Force Participation - Female (%) 2001 34.8 35.1 … … Gender -Related Development Index Value 1999 0.418 0.476 0.634 0.916 Human Develop. Index (Rank among 174 countries) 2000 155 n.a. n.a. n.a. Popul. Living Below $ 1 a Day (% of Population) 1995 … 45.0 32.2 …
Demographic Indicators Population Growth Rate - Total (%) 2001 3.0 2.4 1.5 0.2 Population Growth Rate - Urban (%) 2001 5.0 4.1 2.9 0.5 Population < 15 years (%) 2001 48.9 42.4 32.4 18.0 Population >= 65 years (%) 2001 2.9 3.3 5.1 14.3 Dependency Ratio (%) 2001 107.2 85.5 61.1 48.3 Sex Ratio (per 100 female) 2001 97.0 99.4 103.3 94.7 Female Population 15-49 years (% of total population) 2001 21.1 23.6 26.9 25.4 Life Expectancy at Birth - Total (years) 2001 51.8 52.5 64.5 75.7 Life Expectancy at Birth - Female (years) 2001 53.0 53.5 66.3 79.3 Crude Birth Rate (per 1,000) 2001 47.3 37.3 23.4 10.9 Crude Death Rate (per 1,000) 2001 13.9 14.0 8.4 10.3 Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000) 2001 79.8 79.6 57.6 8.9 Child Mortality Rate (per 1,000) 2001 132.6 116.3 79.8 10.2 Maternal Mortality Rate (per 100,000) 1998 ... 641 491 13 Total Fertility Rate (per woman) 2001 6.7 5.1 2.8 1.6 Women Using Contraception (%) 1997 8.0 … 56.0 70.0
Health & Nutrition Indicators Physicians (per 100,000 people) 1999 21.4 36.7 78.0 287.0 Nurses (per 100,000 people) 1996 44.2 105.8 98.0 782.0 Births attended by Trained Health Personnel (%) 1994-99 … 38.0 58.0 99.0 Access to Safe Water (% of Population) 2000 45.0 60.4 72.0 100.0 Access to Health Services (% of Population) 1999 26.0 61.7 80.0 100.0 Access to Sanitation (% of Population) 2000 20.0 60.5 44.0 100.0 Percent. of Adults (aged 15-49) Living with 2001 5.0 5.7 … … HIV/AIDS Incidence of Tuberculosis (per 100,000) 2000 119.0 105.4 157.0 24.0 Child Immunization Against Tuberculosis (%) 2000 57.0 63.5 82.0 93.0 Child Immunization Against Measles (%) 1996 46.0 58.2 79.0 90.0 Underweight Children (% of children under 5 years) 1995 34.4 25.9 31.0 … Daily Calorie Supply per Capita 2000 1,514 2,408 2,663 3,380 Public Expenditure on Health (as % of GDP) 1997 1.2 3.3 1.8 6.3
Education Indicators Gross Enrolment Ratio (%) Primary School - Total 1996 70.1 80.7 100.7 102.3 Primary School - Female 1996 57.0 73.4 94.5 101.9 Secondary School - Total 1996 30.0 29.3 50.9 99.5 Secondary School - Female 1996 22.8 25.7 45.8 100.8 Primary School Female Teaching Staff (% of Total) 1996 22.8 40.9 51.0 82.0 Adult Illiteracy Rate - Total (%) 2001 37.3 37.7 26.6 1.2 Adult Illiteracy Rate - Male (%) 2001 25.8 29.7 19.0 0.8 Adult Illiteracy Rate - Female (%) 2001 48.2 46.8 34.2 1.6 Percentage of GDP Spent on Education 1998 0.1 3.5 3.9 5.9
Environmental Indicators Land Use (Arable Land as % of Total Land Area) 1999 0.1 6.0 9.9 11.6 Annual Rate of Deforestation (%) 1995 0.7 0.7 0.4 -0.2 Annual Rate of Reforestation (%) 1990 10.0 4.0 … … Per Capita CO2 Emissions (metric tons) 1997 … 1.1 2.1 12.5
Source: Compiled by the Statistics Division from ADB databases; UNAIDS; World Bank Live Database and United Nations Population Division. Notes: n.a. Not Applicable; … Data Not Available. Last Update: June 2003 v
UGANDA: COMPARATIVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Develo- Develo- Year Uganda Africa ping ped Countries Countries
Basic Indicators Area ( '000 Km²) 241 30,061 80,976 54,658 Total Population (millions) 2001 24.0 811.6 4,940.3 1,193.9 Urban Population (% of Total) 2001 13.7 38.0 40.4 76.0 Population Density (per Km²) 2001 99.7 27.0 61.0 21.9 GNI per Capita (US $) 2001 280 671 1,250 25,890 Labor Force Participation - Total (%) 2001 48.8 43.3 … … Labor Force Participation - Female (%) 2001 46.0 35.1 … … Gender -Related Development Index Value 1999 0.428 0.476 0.634 0.916 Human Develop. Index (Rank among 174 countries) 2000 150 n.a. n.a. n.a. Popul. Living Below $ 1 a Day (% of Population) 1992 36.7 45.0 32.2 …
Demographic Indicators Population Growth Rate - Total (%) 2001 3.1 2.4 1.5 0.2 Population Growth Rate - Urban (%) 2001 6.6 4.1 2.9 0.5 Population < 15 years (%) 2001 49.3 42.4 32.4 18.0 Population >= 65 years (%) 2001 2.5 3.3 5.1 14.3 Dependency Ratio (%) 2001 107.4 85.5 61.1 48.3 Sex Ratio (per 100 female) 2001 98.8 99.4 103.3 94.7 Female Population 15-49 years (% of total population) 2001 21.3 23.6 26.9 25.4 Life Expectancy at Birth - Total (years) 2001 45.2 52.5 64.5 75.7 Life Expectancy at Birth - Female (years) 2001 45.9 53.5 66.3 79.3 Crude Birth Rate (per 1,000) 2001 50.6 37.3 23.4 10.9 Crude Death Rate (per 1,000) 2001 17.8 14.0 8.4 10.3 Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000) 2001 96.4 79.6 57.6 8.9 Child Mortality Rate (per 1,000) 2001 164.7 116.3 79.8 10.2 Maternal Mortality Rate (per 100,000) 1998 510 641 491 13 Total Fertility Rate (per woman) 2001 7.1 5.1 2.8 1.6 Women Using Contraception (%) 1998 15.0 … 56.0 70.0
Health & Nutrition Indicators Physicians (per 100,000 people) 1993 4.0 36.7 78.0 287.0 Nurses (per 100,000 people) 1989 14.5 105.8 98.0 782.0 Births attended by Trained Health Personnel (%) 1995 38.0 38.0 58.0 99.0 Access to Safe Water (% of Population) 2000 50.0 60.4 72.0 100.0 Access to Health Services (% of Population) 1999 49.0 61.7 80.0 100.0 Access to Sanitation (% of Population) 2000 75.0 60.5 44.0 100.0 Percent. of Adults (aged 15-49) Living with HIV/AIDS 2001 5.0 5.7 … … Incidence of Tuberculosis (per 100,000) 2000 130.4 105.4 157.0 24.0 Child Immunization Against Tuberculosis (%) 2000 77.0 63.5 82.0 93.0 Child Immunization Against Measles (%) 1996 56.0 58.2 79.0 90.0 Underweight Children (% of children under 5 years) 1995 25.5 25.9 31.0 … Daily Calorie Supply per Capita 2000 2,359 2,408 2,663 3,380 Public Expenditure on Health (as % of GDP) 1998 1.9 3.3 1.8 6.3
Education Indicators Gross Enrolment Ratio (%) Primary School - Total 1997 128.0 80.7 100.7 102.3 Primary School - Female 1997 119.0 73.4 94.5 101.9 Secondary School - Total 1997 14.0 29.3 50.9 99.5 Secondary School - Female 1996 8.7 25.7 45.8 100.8 Primary School Female Teaching Staff (% of Total) 1994 32.0 40.9 51.0 82.0 Adult Illiteracy Rate - Total (%) 2001 31.9 37.7 26.6 1.2 Adult Illiteracy Rate - Male (%) 2001 21.7 29.7 19.0 0.8 Adult Illiteracy Rate - Female (%) 2001 41.9 46.8 34.2 1.6 Percentage of GDP Spent on Education 1998 2.6 3.5 3.9 5.9
Environmental Indicators Land Use (Arable Land as % of Total Land Area) 1999 25.3 6.0 9.9 11.6 Annual Rate of Deforestation (%) 1995 0.9 0.7 0.4 -0.2 Annual Rate of Reforestation (%) 1981-90 … 4.0 … … Per Capita CO2 Emissions (metric tons) 1997 … 1.1 2.1 12.5
Source : Compiled by the Statistics Division from ADB databases; UNAIDS; World Bank Live Database and United Nations Population Division. Notes: n.a. Not Applicable ; … Data Not Available. Last Update: June 2003 vi
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. Pilot Project Background and Description
1.1 The Nile Basin water resources have a great potential for promoting regional cooperation, social and economic development through advances in environmental conservation, food production, power production and transportation. Despite this vast natural endowments and immense potential of the Nile basin, its people face considerable challenges that are triggered by poverty, political instability, rapid population growth and environmental degradation. It is against this background that in 1999, the Council of Ministers of Water Affairs of the Nile Basin States (Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda) formally launched the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), which provides an agreed basin-wide framework to fight poverty and promote socio-economic development in the region. The Initiative is guided by a Shared Vision and policy guidelines. The Shared Vision is “to achieve sustainable socio-economic development through the equitable utilisation of, and benefit from, the common Nile water resources.”
1.2 To translate the NBI’s Shared Vision into action, a Strategic Action Programme has been launched to create an enabling environment for regional development and to identify and prepare regional projects in the basin. The program consists of two supplementary sub- programmes. The first is the Shared Vision Programme (SVP) for technical assistance and capacity building type projects to be implemented basin wide. The second consists of two Subsidiary Action Programs (SAPs), one of them being the Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program NELSAP) and the second is, the Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Program (ENSAP). The Lakes Edward and Albert Fisheries Pilot Project falls under NELSAP and is one of the twelve projects to be implemented under NELSAP.
1.3 The NELSAP countries (Burundi, DRC, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda) presented a proposal of identified projects to the International Consortium on the Cooperation on the Nile (ICCON1) in June 2001 at which the African Development Bank (ADB) indicated financial support to prepare a number of projects including the Lakes Edward and Albert Fisheries Pilot Project. In October 2001 the Nile Equatorial Lakes Council of Ministers (NELCOM) submitted a request to the Bank for financial assistance for the preparation of the subject project. In March 2003 a multi-agency mission that included mission members from ADB and the World Bank appraised the pilot project. This arrangement was based on the Bank Group Strategic Partnership with the World Bank on the economic integration of the Nile Basin region.
1.4 This project has been designed as a pilot project as it seeks to generate replicable experiences in co-management of fisheries resources in a trans-boundary context. Full-scale project implementation at this stage will be risky given the differences in administrative structures in the two countries and the absence of similar experiences in the sector. Also, as a pilot project, the detailed design and preparation of the full-blown investment projects will be based on tried and tested methodologies, as well as on up-to-date costing for the various activities. Furthermore, as a pilot project, the institutional arrangements for project execution and post-conflict culture of beneficiaries will have been tested and the necessary lessons learned for the implementation of the full-blown lake-wide investment projects to follow. The pilot project as designed, is holistic, in that it comprises (i) scientific studies that generate the relevant and currently missing technical information necessary for sound fisheries vii planning; (ii) establishes local management structures that involve the participation of the local stakeholders in all aspects of fisheries management (regulation, enforcement and policy development); and, (iii) community development activities that engage and commits the local communities thus creating the enabling environment (social infrastructure) for better utilization of the water and fisheries resources.
2. Purpose of the Grant
2.1 The ADF grant of UA1.65 million amounting to 88% of the total pilot project cost estimated at UA 1.86 million will be used to finance 100% of the foreign exchange (UA 1.43 million) and 49.5% of the local coast (UA 0.21 million).
2.2 The proceeds of the grant will be used to finance the goods, works and services required for the implementation of four components over a 30-months period:
(i) Fisheries Studies that aim at generating information for sound management of natural resources in the basin and preparation of lakes investment management plan; (ii) Introduction of community co-management of fisheries resources towards greater involvement of the fishing communities in the management of the water and fisheries resources and active participation in the preparation of the project; (iii) Community development activities that will focus mainly on non-fishing activities aimed at enhancing the ability of the fishing communities to better utilize the fish resources and stimulate private sector development; and (iv) Project Coordination and Institutional Development.
3. Sector Goal and Pilot Project Objective
The sector objective is to contribute to poverty reduction and sustainable socio- economic development through equitable utilization of, and benefit from, the common Nile Basin water resources. The specific project objective is to avail the Governments of Uganda and the DRC with a sustainable investment and management plan for the joint use of the water and fisheries resources of Lakes Edward and Albert.
4. Pilot Project Implementation
The Pilot Project will be implemented within the established Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program framework in 30 months starting January 2004. The Executing Agency will be the Nile Basin Initiative Secretariat. The day-to-day management of activities will be under the pilot project management coordinating unit.
5. Procurement of Goods, Works and Services
The procurement of goods and services under the Pilot Project will be carried out by the Executing Agency and promoters of the sub-projects in accordance with the established practices acceptable to the Bank. In all cases, all goods, works and services to be procured should satisfy the procurement eligibility criteria attached to the Bank Group resources as defined in the Bank’s “Rules of Procedures for the Procurement of Goods and Works” and the “Rules of Procedure for the Use of Consultants” as applicable. viii
6. Disbursement
The main methods of disbursement will be the Special Account method and the Direct Payment method. For the fist disbursement, the Nile Basin Secretariat shall provide the Bank with a detailed work program. For subsequent replenishments, the Nile Basin Secretariat shall provide a statement of expenditure showing that previously disbursed amount had been utilized up to at least 50%.
7. Conclusion
7.1 The proposed Lakes Albert and Edward fisheries pilot project will enable the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda to: (i) strengthen collaboration for the rational and sustainable development and management of the shared water bodies by adopting joint fisheries and watershed management measures; (ii) foster bilateral cooperation and peace of the riparian communities as well as at national level through periodic meetings; (iii) adopt joint fishing regulations with the aim of harmonizing fishing activities that should minimize current conflicts on the lakes; (iv) contribute towards conservation of biodiversity in the two lakes.
7.2 The pilot project is designed to be multi-sectoral and integrated. It will be implemented through a participatory approach of beneficiary communities and identified stakeholders. It also addresses crosscutting issues of poverty, gender, and environment and ensures a holistic approach to sustainable fisheries production. The Pilot Project is consistent with the Bank Group Vision Statement and Strategic Plan and Country Strategies for DRC and Uganda that focus on poverty reduction, regional integration and private sector development. It is also in line with the Bank Group Strategic Partnership and was developed in collaboration with the World Bank and other development partners. This pilot project will also foster greater economic integration in the NBI sub-region.
8. Recommendation
8.1 In light of the foregoing, it is recommended that the Nile Basin Initiative be extended a grant not exceeding UA 1.65 million from African Development Fund resources to finance a stand-alone Fisheries Pilot Project for Lakes Edward and Albert that are shared between the DRC and Uganda. ix
LAKES EDWARD AND ALBERT FISHERIES (LEAF) PILOT PROJECT MATRIX
DESCRIPTION OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE MEANS OF ASSUMPTIONS INDICATORS VERIFICATION Sector Goal: Budgetary allocations for investments in National investment statistics Poverty reduced and sustainable socio-economic Lakes Edward and Albert by in natural resources in the development achieved through equitable utilization of, and Governments of DRC and Uganda DRC and Uganda. benefit from, the common Nile Basin water resources. reflected in district development plans by end of pilot project period. Objective: 1. A Comprehensive fisheries and water resource management plan accepted by Management framework Study remains a priority in the Avail the Governments of Uganda and the DRC with a NELTAC, NELCOM and the Bank by plan approved by NELSAP sustainable investment and management plan for the joint end of Year 3. NELTAC, NELCOM and use of the water and fisheries resources of Lakes Edward the Bank Development plan is accepted and Albert. 2. Revenue collections from fisheries District development plans and implemented as long term budgeted for in district development in Uganda and DRC strategic development plan. plans.
Outputs 1. Plans approved by RPSC and 1. Plans for an improved ecological balance and greater NELTAC by end Year 2. Reports of the different Local or regional conflicts do biodiversity in the lakes system prepared; 2. At least 10 community development stages of the study not exceed a controllable 2. Detailed Environmental and Social Management Plan activities implemented in each lake completed and reviewed by dimension developed; by end of project period; the Regional Project 3. Plans for strengthening the capacities of the lake-wide 3. At least 5 Co-Management Steering committee fishing communities to co-manage shared resource and Structures established in each Lake (RPSC), NELTAC, Bank, infrastructure; and, by end of project period and cooperating Partners. Consultant firm recruited 4. Integrated lakes Management plan and investment 4. Integrated management plan agreed without delay projects developed. by stakeholders at end Year 2. Monitoring and evaluation 5. Detailed statistics on poverty and fishery activities 5. Environmental and Social reports on poverty available Management Plan accepted by reduction 6. Plans for harmonized fishing policies and regulations NELTAC after 30 months. 6. Maps, GIS and detailed statistics Training reports prepared by end of Year 1. 7. Harmonized draft fishing polices accepted by NELCOM by Year 2. x
Activities Inputs Executing Agency implements Financing Plan the pilot project as planned. A. Fisheries Studies and Lake Management Plan Preparation Source Total Representatives of the different 1. Conduct fish biology and biodiversity conservation ADF 1.65 communities in Lakes Edward studies NBI 0.04 and Albert participate actively in 2. Undertake catchments pollution survey/water quality GOVTS 0.16 the pilot project activities. management Beneficiaries 0.01 3. Conduct comprehensive stock assessment survey Total Cost 1.86 DRC and Uganda Government 4. Undertake quality Assurance / Improvement continue to support the trans- 5. Conduct Socio-economic study of fisheries boundary approach of the project 6. Establish Fisheries Database Cost Estimate 7. Elaborate Lakes Management Plan Pilot project progress reports Financing arrangements are adhered to. B. Co-Management of Fisheries Resources Category Total Technical Assistance 0.42 1. Sensitization of Communities Coordination 0.63 2. Establishment of Co-Management Structures Capacity Building 0.12 3. Development of Local Management Regulations Equipment 0.26 4. Training and Capacity Building for Co-Management Community Dev. 0.25 Structures Activities 5. Elaboration of Support Measures (fiscal, trade etc) Travel & Allowances 0.08 Operating Expenses 0.10 C. Community Development Activities Total 1.86 1. Sensitize fishing Communities 2. Identify priority investment community development activities 3. Implement community development activities 4. Evaluate experience gained.
D. Project Coordination and Institutional Development
1. Harmonize Fisheries Regulations 2. Fisheries Statistics and Database Established 3. Conduct RPSC Meetings 4. Preparation of lake-wide investment projects 5. Undertake training of central and district fisheries officials fishing communities 1
1. ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF THE PILOT PROJECT
1.1 Origin and History of the Pilot Project
1.1.1 The water resources of the Nile Basin have a great potential for promoting regional cooperation, socio-economic development through advances in environmental conservation, food production, power production and transportation. Despite this vast natural endowments and immense potential of the Nile basin, its people face considerable challenges that are triggered by poverty, political instability, rapid population growth and environmental degradation. It is against this background that in 1999, the Nile Basin countries (Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda) took a joint decision toward regional cooperation in the establishment of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) in 1999. Eritrea currently holds an observer position.
1.1.2 The NBI has developed a basin-wide framework to reduce poverty and promote sustainable economic development in the region. It is guided by a Shared Vision (SV) and a set of policy guidelines that provide a framework for partnership. To translate the NBI’s Shared Vision into action, a Strategic Action Programme has been launched to create an enabling environment for regional development and to identify and prepare regional projects in the basin. The program consists of two supplementary sub-programmes. The first is the Shared Vision Programme (SVP) for technical assistance and capacity building type projects to be implemented basin wide. The second consist of two Subsidiary Action Programmes (SAPs) one of them being the Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (NELSAP) that will be carried out by smaller groups of the riparian countries, comprising of physical investment at sub-basin level. The other one is the Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Program (ENSAP). The subject Lake Edward and Lake Albert Fisheries Pilot Project falls under NELSAP and is one of the twelve projects to be implemented under NELSAP. Other donors financing preparation of NELSAP projects include the World Bank, SIDA, USA and NORAD (see Annex 5).
1.1.3 The NELSAP countries (Burundi, DRC, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda) presented a proposal of identified projects to the International Consortium on the Cooperation on the Nile (ICCON1) in June 2001 at which the African Development Bank (ADB) indicated financial support to prepare a number of projects including the Lakes Edward and Albert Fisheries Pilot Project. In October 2001 the Nile Equatorial Lakes Council of Ministers (NELCOM) submitted a request to the Bank for financial assistance for the preparation of the subject project.
1.1.4 The NELSAP countries have established NELSAP Coordinating Unit (NELSAP-CU) which, the World Bank is supporting its capacity building. The NELSAP-CU has the mandate for coordinating the implementation of the NELSAP programs. It conducted a workshop in December 2002 that was attended by a wide range of stakeholders including the Bank and other donors, government officials and NGOs. The workshop involved field trips to selected project sites. The major outputs of the workshop included (i) verification of beneficiaries demand for the pilot project activities (ii) establishment of the Regional Steering Committee and (iii) a decision to include harmonisation of the fishing policies and regulation during the project study phase in order to address the current conflicts faced by the fisherfolk on the lakes.
1.1.5 Having confirmed the demand by the beneficiaries and DRC and Uganda Governments, the African Development Bank (ADB) jointly with the World Bank mission 2
appraised the pilot project in March 2003. This arrangement was based on the Bank Group Strategic Partnership with the World Bank on the economic integration of the Nile Basin region. The mission visited potential pilot project sites in both Uganda and the DRC and held discussions with various stakeholders on proposed modalities for the implementation of the pilot project with the inputs from NELSAP-CU, government authorities, donors, non- governmental organisations (NGOs) as well as the fishing communities in the project area.
1.2 Structure of the Nile Basin Initiative Organization
1.2.1 The Nile Basin Initiative is comprised of the Council of Ministers of Water Affairs of the Nile Basin (NILECOM) of the riparian countries, Technical Advisory Committee (Nile- TAC) and a Secretariat (NILESEC) located in Entebbe, Uganda. The NILECOM serves as the highest decision making body of the NBI. Technical support to the NILECOM is provided by the NILETAC and the execution of its decisions is by the Nile Basin Initiative Secretariat (NILESEC). On 4th November 2002, a legal Headquarter Agreement was signed between the Government of Uganda and the Nile Basin Initiative Secretariat. The Agreement meant to facilitate the establishment and operation of the Nile Basin Initiative Secretariat in Entebbe, Uganda. It gives the NILESEC the necessary recognition to enable it perform its functions and effectively to facilitate the programs of the Nile Basin Initiative.
1.2.2 Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program (NELSAP): The mandate of NELSAP is to oversee implementation of the jointly identified Subsidiary Action Programs. This arrangement consists of a Nile Equatorial Lakes Council of Ministers and a Technical Advisory Committee (NELTAC). The six countries initially participating were Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. Egypt and Sudan joined as participants in November 2000 and will actively take part in the continued development of the program. The mission of the NELSAP is to contribute to the eradication of poverty, to promote economic growth, and to reverse environmental degradation in the Nile Equatorial Lakes region.
1.2.3 The priority programs that have been identified under the NELSAP by the Nile Equatorial Lakes riparian countries consists of 12 projects regrouped into five clusters as follows: (i) Management and conservation of lakes and wetlands (Lakes Edward and Albert Fisheries and Water Hyacinth Abatement in the Kagera River Basin projects); (ii) Water use in agriculture; (iii) Watershed management; (iv) Water hyacinth and weed control; and, (v) Hydropower development.
1.2.4 The proposed Lake Albert and Edward fisheries pilot project will enable the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda to: (i) strengthen collaboration for the rational and sustainable development and management of the shared water bodies by adopting joint fisheries and watershed management measures; (ii) foster bilateral cooperation and peace of the riparian communities as well as at national level through periodic meetings; (iii) adopt joint fishing regulations with the aim of harmonizing fishing activities that should minimize current conflicts on the lakes; (iv) contribute towards conservation of biodiversity in the two lakes and (v) reduce loss of life on the lakes through establishment of safety regulations and standards.
1.3 Socio Economic Constraints
1.3.1 The Nile Equatorial Lakes region is characterized by economies dependent on rainfed agriculture, subsistence farming; low industrialization; poor development of infrastructures; 3
poverty, high population growth rate of 3% per annum and instability. The population within and outside the countries of the basin totals about 135 million people and more than 50 million people live in the lakes basin.
Socio Economic constraints in Democratic Republic of Congo
1.3.2 The DRC is faced with several social, economic and cultural problems that retard the development of the country and justify increased efforts to reduce poverty. The major pressing constraints on poverty reduction are the high population of internally displaced people caused by the recent past civil war and high population growth rate of 3%; these demands the need for increased food production and expansion of social services such as schools, potable water and health facilities. In addition, the eruption of the Nyirgongo volcano in 2002 destroyed more than half the town of Goma and plunged its inhabitants into a state of utter destitution.
1.3.3 The DRC is one of the poorest countries in the Nile Equatorial Lakes region with estimated GNI per capita of only US$ 110. The conflicts in the eastern part of the country have left many people displaced and increased food insecurity both of which have resulted in an increased number of undernourished people especially children. According to WHO (June 2001) the majority of Congolese people in eastern DRC live on around USD 20 cents per day and eat less than two thirds of calories needed per day to maintain health. The estimated rate of acute malnutrition ranges between 13 - 22% and it has been reported that hunger is the main cause of mortality in some places. Long deprived of state support, with dramatically reduced access to means of income and without meaningful external aid, the assets and resilience of households have simply run out. This scenario, have made many households to be female-headed and the burden of trying to survive, fall heavily on women. The DRC also suffers from lack of reliable, up-to-date, social statistics especially in the rural areas. One of the challenges therefore facing DRC is to remedy the deficiency of data in social economics of the rural areas especially eastern DRC where up to 90% people are said to be living in dire poverty as opposed to the national figure of 50%. Given the vast natural endowments of natural resources in eastern DRC that include good climate for agricultural production, minerals and fisheries potential, and Government’s determination to bring peace and development to the country, it is possible to bring development through empowerment of the local governments and civil societies and provision of needed resources for undertaking development activities.
Socio Economic constraints in Uganda
1.3.4 In spite of Uganda’s exemplary economic performance and a low national figure of 36.7% people below poverty line, the country is still faced with some fundamental constraints that hamper development. These include high population growth rate of 3.1%, environmental degradation, poor rural infrastructure and low capacity of local governance and civil society in areas of planning and executing development programs. As a result basic social services such as potable water, feeder roads, adequate nutrient intake, communication, and health facilities still remain inaccessible to large segments of the population including the districts around lakes Edward and Albert. Coupled to inadequate availability of social services in the lakes sub region is the low capacity of rural people to sustain and maintain what exits.
1.3.5 Poverty in Uganda, like in most African countries, is the driving force behind the use of bad practices to capture fish and unsustainable use of natural resources in general. This problem has been exacerbated by an influx of refugees from neighbouring countries, adding 4
to the enormous pressure exerted on these reserves. Raising incomes of local communities through empowerment of local Government and community based institutions for sustainable management of natural resources will play a predominant role in reducing poverty and preserving protected areas and fragile ecosystems.
2. THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR OF THE DRC AND UGANDA
2.1 Agricultural production through sustainable utilization of natural resources is the main pillar of the DRC and Uganda development effort for reducing poverty in rural areas where more than 70% of their populations depend on agricultural related activities for their livelihood. Both Countries’ Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) and their Bank Group 2003 –2005 Country Strategy Papers (CSP) as well as previous ones, point to the need for increased investment in agriculture and natural resources as well rural private sectors as means for reducing poverty in rural areas. The water resources of the sub-basin are central to the sustenance of unique natural ecosystems, and to the support of its people, and there is great potential for these resources to underpin sustainable food production and economic growth in the sub-basin. The following is a brief overview of the sector in both countries:
2.2 Agriculture sector of the Democratic Republic of Congo: Agriculture is the mainstay of Congolese economy, accounting for 54.9% of GDP in 2000 and employing about 68% of the labour force. It includes both subsistence farming, fishing and large-scale production of exports cash crops. Main cash crops include coffee, tobacco, palm oil, rubber, cotton, sugar, tea and cocoa. Food crops include cassava, plantains, maize, rice, beans, groundnuts, fruits and vegetables. The inland artisanal fishing industry remains largely traditional. Forestry also provides substantial resources (the DRC contains 6% of the world's forest). Land use is estimated to be 3% agriculture, 7% pasture, 77% forest woodland and 13% for other uses.
2.3 The climate is hot and humid in the central region, getting cooler and drier in the southern highlands, and cooler and wetter in the Eastern Highlands. The DRC has a tropical climate with two distinct seasons. The dry season (18 to 27 degrees Celsius) is from June to August. The rainy season (22 to 33 degrees Celsius) runs from September to May during the monsoon rains. In spite of the country’s geographical variation, rich soils and plenty of water, that allows for a diverse range of agricultural production, the DRC imports substantial amounts of food mainly due to inadequate policies and institutional weakness caused by recent past civil unrest in the country. With the peace agreement that was signed between the rebels and the Government in South Africa in 2002, the country is now focusing on developing policies and strategies for boosting agricultural development in the country.
2.4 Agriculture sector of Uganda: Agricultural production is the main pillar of Uganda’s development effort for both food and income. About 80% of the population derives their livelihood from agriculture related activities. Currently, the Government is pursuing the policy of modernization of agriculture with the aim of transforming subsistence farming into commercially oriented farming in order to eradicate poverty. The country is self-sufficient in staple food and exports maize and beans to neighbouring countries and fish to Europe. Major export crops include coffee, sugar, tea, tobacco and cotton while food crops include bananas, maize, cassava, sorghum, finger millet, beans and groundnuts. During 2001/02, agricultural output increased by 4.8% compared to 4.6% in 2001. The sector's contribution to GDP during 2001/02 was 40.9%. 5
3. THE FISHERIES SUB-SECTOR IN THE DRC AND UGANDA
3.1 Background information
3.1.1 Both the DRC and Uganda have important fishing domains. The fishing waters comprise a sea front in the DRC (40 km on the Atlantic Ocean) as well as inland lakes and rivers. In addition to Lakes Edward and Albert shared by the two countries, there are other lakes and rivers shared by the six NELSAP countries. These include Lakes Victoria, Tanganyika, Kivu, Moero, Nzilo, Muandingusha and the rivers Nile and Kagera. In addition to these principal lakes and rivers, there are a multitude of small inland lakes (160 in Uganda) and many streams. These hydro-biological environments are rich in fish resources and together have an estimated annual production potential of 850,000 metric tonnes, of which annual captures in the region are estimated at 400,000 metric tones. Fish consumption rates in both countries are relatively low and are estimated at 9.25 kg/person/annum. The number of indirect jobs created by the fisheries industry in both countries is estimated at 700,000 people, mainly engaged in fish processing, trade and input supply.
3.1.2 The Democratic Republic of Congo: In the DRC water bodies cover about 3.3% of the country. National fish catches were estimated at 162,000 metric tonnes (mt) in 1995, derived mainly from the eastern and southern lakes (47%). To improve the availability of fish products, the country imports about 170,000 metric tonnes per annum, mainly from neighboring countries such as Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda. The estimated average consumption of fish in the DRC in 1995 was estimated at 6.9 kg/person/year, a fall from 13.5 kg/person/annum in 1967 and 10.5 kg/person/annum in 1983.
3.1.3 Uganda: Water bodies cover about 20% of the country’s territory and the annual fish production potential is estimated at 330,000 metric tonnes. Of this potential, captures realized annually range from 220,000 to 245,000 metric tonnes. The Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) is the more dominant species and accounts for 60% of catches. Other species include the sardine or mukene (Rastrineobola argentea) accounting for 20%, the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) 10% and other species namely Bagrus, Clarias, Protopterus, Barbus, Synodontis, Mormyrus, Alestes and Labeo 10%. The artisanal fishery sector involves about 136,000 small-scale traditional fisherfolk. Fishing boats are estimated to number 17,000, of which 20% are motorized. The predominant types of boats are the 3.5m dugout canoes and some canoes made of planks (4 to 12 m). Fisherfolk use different types of fishing gear namely gill nets, seines, lines and hooks. In some areas, fisherfolk still use traditional methods involving baskets, traps and nets for subsistence activities.
3.2 The Importance of Fisheries to the Economy of Uganda and DRC
3.2.1 Fishery activities bring several advantages for both countries in terms of food availability, employment creation, and poverty reduction, as shown in Table 2 below. Fish is the cheapest source of animal protein both in the DRC and Uganda with a per capita consumption estimated at 8.5kg and 9.36kg respectively. It is one of the health foods and besides its high protein value it has anti-cholesterol characteristics, which make the fish to be on high demand especially in the developed world market. 6
Table 3.1 Key Figures of Fishery in the DRC and Uganda
Indicator DRC Uganda National Production (metric tonnes) 162,000 230,000 Imports (metric tonnes) 170,000 0.0 Exports (metric tonnes) n.a. 24,000 Availability (metric tonnes) 332,000 206,000 Population (millions) 52 22 Average consumption (kg/person/annum.) 8.5 9.36 Annual Turnover (‘000 USD) 75,000 106,000 Annual Value Added (‘000 USD) 60,000 79,500 Average contribution to GDP (%) 0.5 3.0 Jobs Created (‘000) 680,800 567,100 Data from 2002 statistics, GOU and DRC
3.2.2 Despite its low average consumption level (9.25kg/person/annum), fish provides between 25 % and 50% of protein intake in both countries. Fishing is the major source of income for the most destitute populations living near water bodies.
3.3 Institutional set-up in the Fisheries sub-sector of the DRC and Uganda
3.3.1 In DR Congo, fisheries management is under the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock, which have two specialized agencies in the field namely the Directorate of Fisheries and the National Department of Fishery Development (SENADEP). The Directorate of Fisheries is responsible for fisheries policymaking and the implementation of regulations and control. SENADEP is responsible for technical support and fisheries statistics. About 50 officers work in the central ministry. At the decentralized level, about 138 support staff is involved in fisheries management. Other related institutions involved in fishery activities include, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, the Congolese Institute of Wildlife and the Universities of Kinshasa and Kisangani that undertake fisheries research and training.
3.3.2 In Uganda, fisheries management falls under the authority of the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industries and Fisheries (MAAIF). The main actors are the Fisheries Resources Department (FRD), the Ministry of Local Government, the National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), the Fish Resources Research Institute (FIRRI), the Makerere University and the Fisheries Training Institute (FTI). The FTI and the University of Makerere provide different training in various fields of fisheries.
3.3.3 The Fisheries Resources Department is represented at both central and local levels and is charged with the development and management of fish resources, the implementation of fisheries regulations, issuance of licenses and implementation of development projects. It is headed by the Fisheries Commissioner assisted by two deputies, one responsible for production and the other responsible for regulations and control. At district level, the fisheries officials collaborate with the local authorities to monitor operations on the ground. The FIRRI has a well trained staff with a total workforce of 115 (21 scientists, 36 technical staff, and 38 support staff). Although FIRRI’s laboratories are equipped with modern equipment for various scientific engagements, its activities have been focused mainly on Lakes Victoria and Kyoga, which are the main production areas (82%) and have the funds for carrying out the research. 7
3.4 National Fisheries Policies in Uganda and the DRC
3.4.1 To rationally and sustainably manage fish resources in Lakes Edward and Albert, laws and regulations in the two countries need to be re-assessed, reinforced and harmonized. These improvements will have to take into account the need for a bilateral framework law for a rigorous management of a common natural resource, and the effective and systematic involvement of local communities and all identified stakeholders in the entire process of elaboration and application of regulations.
3.4.2 The DRC fisheries policy was elaborated in 1986 and was aimed at increasing production to supply domestic markets and increase exports, improve incomes and the welfare of population and develop regional and international cooperation. The basic strategies retained to achieve the objectives are the reorganization of producers, the promotion of private initiative, pollution control and enhancement of product quality. Since the elaboration of this policy, the socio-political and economic context has changed and this implies its update, especially to take into account the need for effective participation of fisherfolk in the management and the development of fisheries and biodiversity, and the integration of fisheries in local development strategies. From the legal point of view, fisheries are governed by the 1937 framework law which allowed administrative authorities to regulate, among other things, fishing permits, industrial fishing, protected fish zones and introductions of species. This law, which dates back to the colonial period, has lapsed. However, some provisions concerning protected zones and the introduction of species remain valid.
3.4.3 In Uganda, fisheries policies are guided by the provisions of the 1995 Constitution, which indicate the strategic axes for sustainable management of the environment, natural resources, water, the agriculture modernization plan and public sector reform. These provisions brought out strategies for improved management of fisheries, namely the restructuring of fisheries management and the reinforcement of fisheries research. Given the inadequacies noted and the importance of fisheries, the making of a national fishery policy was undertaken beginning in 2000 and is currently being finalized. This new policy is beneficial since it focuses on sustainable development and management of fisheries, decentralized fishery management involving effective participation of all stakeholders, namely village communities and local governments, and the promotion of private investment in the fishery sub-sector and the increase of product value. In the legal and regulatory field, fisheries are governed by the 1964 Fish Act, which regulates the use of fishing vessels, fishing permits and the introduction of some species. These regulations were amended in some of their articles in 1967, 1972 and 1996 particularly with regards to fishing licenses, fishing and processing activities. In addition to conflicts of jurisdiction between structures, the Fish Act, though partially amended, accords an important place to enforcement, and is therefore out of touch with the new fisheries policy currently being elaborated, which gives more responsibility to local communities and governments.
3.5 Constraints and Opportunities for Fisheries Development in the DRC and Uganda
3.5.1 The impact of the constraints is that the potentials of the lakes in terms of income generation for households, traders and the national economies are limited. The first cluster of constraints is related to poor management of fish resources and the degradation of fishing grounds. Over fishing and the use of inappropriate vessels and harmful practices have led to a decrease in the volume of captures in some fisheries and the degradation of some sensitive habitats, namely spawning grounds and nursing areas. In addition, various anthropic forms of pollution are noted, as well as the rapid spread of water hyacinth. On top of this there is the 8
maladjustment of the legal and regulatory framework for sustainable management, the insufficient number of qualified executives in fishery management, and the lack of updated information. The second series of constraints is related to inadequate exploitation of fish products. These include the lack or inadequacy of appropriate infrastructures in landing sites, marketing difficulties due to remoteness of the principal production areas, the poor preservation of products, the lack of appropriate funding for fishing and trade micro- enterprises. Other constraints include:
The lack of clear strategic orientations and appropriate regional instruments of sustainable and integrated management of lakes in general and of fish resources in particular; The low capacity of central and local administrations as regards technical support and the near absence of a local technical supervision system and poor consultations between the existing structures, NGOs and operators of the fish industry; The poor structure of the fisheries and the low participation of communities in the development and management of resources, which hinders the adoption of a responsible fishery and effective and sustainable measures aimed at protecting resources, the lake environment and the biodiversity; The inadequacy of basic community infrastructures, namely social, health and education infrastructures, which explains the recurring health and public hygiene problems; The poor consultation between the different users of the lake resources and the lack of harmonized laws and regulations in the two countries in the fields of fisheries and the environment.
3.5.2 The fishery sub-sector in the two countries has an important potential characterized by: (i) the existence of a dense river/lake network that is rich in fish stocks; (ii) availability of annually exploitable fish resources of 850,000 tonnes, of which about 47% are fished and an important proportion of which is not exploited; and (iii) the existence of important national regional, and overseas markets as well as the availability of unique commercial species of the Nile perch.
4. THE PILOT PROJECT
4.1 Project Concept and Rationale
4.1.1 This project has been designed as a pilot project as it seeks to generate replicable experiences in co-management of fisheries resources in a trans-boundary context. To date, the practice of co-management has mainly been tested within national boundaries and not across national frontiers separated by water bodies. Full-scale project implementation at this stage will be risky given the differences in administrative structures in the two countries and the absence of similar experiences in the sector. Also, as a pilot project, the detailed design and preparation of the full-blown investment projects will be based on tried and tested methodologies as well as on up-to-date costing for the various activities. Furthermore, as a pilot project, the institutional arrangements for project execution will have been tested and the necessary lessons learned from a trans-boundary, post-conflict situation, which would be applied to the implementation of the full-blown, lake-wide investment projects to follow.
4.1.2 The pilot project as designed is holistic in that it comprises (i) scientific studies that generate the relevant and currently missing technical information necessary for sound fisheries planning; (ii) establishes local management structures that involve the participation of the local stakeholders in all aspects of fisheries management (regulation, enforcement and 9
policy development); and, (iii) community development activities that engages and commits the local communities thus creating the enabling environment (social infrastructure) for better utilization of the water and fisheries resources.
4.1.3 The pilot project recognizes the importance of the fisheries sub-sector in DRC and Uganda for provision of food and employment as well as contributes to poverty reduction. It also recognizes the need for harmonization of national policies to meet regional objectives that promote sustainable trans-boundary management of the shared aquatic resources.
4.1.4 The fish in the lakes is reported to be declining in terms of species diversity, overall production, and the average size of fish caught. While this trend is largely attributed to over- fishing, and use of destructive fishing gears and methods, the underlining biological and limnological factors are not adequately documented to facilitate formulation of better management strategies. No lake-wide assessment of population structure and dynamics of commercially exploited fish stocks in the lakes Edward and Albert have been undertaken. The Pilot Project is envisaged to carry out studies that will generate technical information for eventual use in the formulation of comprehensive projects that will address the constraints highlighted by the studies.
4.1.5 One of the constraints in natural resource management in the Equatorial lakes region is the general lack of active community participation in management programs. Usually the government acts as a police officer and imposes regulations on fishing communities who may not understand or even be aware of the regulations. This creates conflicts between the government law enforcement officers and the communities. Furthermore, the communities are rarely involved in planning and implementation of the regulations. Hence the pilot project will involve full participation of fishing communities and other stakeholder in planning and implementation of co-management activities. At present, joint trans-boundary development and management of the lakes resources by the local communities is difficult due to lack of harmonized fishing policies and regulations between the two countries and gaps in scientific information concerning the diversity of the stock and environmental pollution. This pilot project will seek to provide harmonized policies and regulations across the two countries.
4.2 The Pilot Project Areas and Beneficiaries
4.2.1 The pilot project will be executed on Lakes Edward and Albert, which are part of the series of Rift valley lakes shared by the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Republic of Uganda. Lake Edward is situated at an altitude of 916 m and is bordered on the west by the high mountains of the Mitumba Range including the famous Mount Kyavirimu (3,117m), on the North and South by two alluvial plains, respectively, the Semliki (outlet) and the Rwindi- Rutshuru (tributaries). The lake is 90 km long and 40km wide. Its average depth is estimated at 34m (near Ugandan shoreline), with a maximum of 117 m towards the Congolese side. The lake is enclosed by two national parks, the Queen Elizabeth National Park (QENP) in Uganda and the Virunga National Park (PNVI) in the DRC. In Uganda, the lake waters are not included in the park, unlike in Congo.
4.2.2 Lake Edward has a hydrographic basin estimated at 12,000 km2. As for Lake Albert, it is situated at an altitude of 618 m. It is 160 km long and 35 km wide. It is relatively shallow with an average depth of 25 m and a maximum of 58m towards the Congolese border. The lake receives water from Lake Edward through the river Semliki in the south and from the Nile in the north. The Lake is rich in plankton and primary production is high, though the presence of blue-green algae (Anabaena) causes in some places anoxic conditions resulting in 10
considerable mortality of the Nile Perch. The bio-ecological conditions for a sustainable management of lake resources have to be further studied and characterized.
4.2.3 The pilot project area covers an area of about 622,472 km² with a population of about 11.7 million persons. Most of the ethnic groups are the same people on both sides of the lakes and are closely related. About 73% of the people derive their livelihood from fishing activities. The social indicators of the communities in the basin, such as access to health care and safe drinking water, education, nutrition level and sanitation are all lower in the sub-basin when compared to their national indicators. In the light of this shortcoming, it is clearly essential to update the surveys on household living conditions.
4.2.4 Fisherfolk and their organizations: Fishing activities in Lakes Edward and Albert are carried out by different categories of fisherfolk among whom there are professional fisherfolk and temporary fisherfolk. In the 80’s, the fisherfolk as a whole were estimated at 18,000 persons organized mostly in cooperatives such as COPEVI, PROPECHE in the DRC and the Katwe Fish Cooperative Society in Uganda. Fisherfolk use a variety of vessels and fishing techniques whose characteristics change depending on the fishing area, the financial capacity of each household or group of households. Fishing is mainly traditional and artisanal. The main fishing devices used are dormant gill nets, beach seines, hooks and traps. Most of fishing units use plank canoes (70% in 1988 on Lake Albert), but many households’ still use log boats especially for traditional fishing. There area an estimated 4,000 non-motorised canoes plying the lakes and about 16 percent of boats are motorised. Updated and comprehensive data on fisherfolk, the fishing effort and its characteristics, and the socio professional structure constitute cardinal information to be collected and analysed for the requirements of the planning of fishery development on Lake Edward and Albert.
4.3 Strategic Context
4.3.1 The strategic context in which this pilot project has been developed is based on the political will of member-countries of the NBI to reduce the poverty levels of communities along the Nile basin. The pilot project will foster greater regional integration by promoting trade and development initiatives between the governments of the DRC and Uganda thus contributing to a more peaceful environment.
4.3.2 The pilot project is justified for a number of reasons. Firstly, it addresses the poverty situation in the region especially the core pilot project areas of communities along the lakeshores of Edward and Albert. Secondly, if successful, it will offer the possibility for less conflicts (such as piracy in the lakes and delineation of fishing grounds) among fishing communities due to lack of harmonization of national polices. Thirdly, it endeavours to foster development at a regional level usually envisaged as a difficult undertaking, as opposed to a purely national one. Fourthly, the pilot project aims at contributing to improvements of the living standards and working situation of the fishing communities who are among the most disadvantaged communities in the regions of the two riparian countries due to remoteness of the area and instability. Poor sanitation, limited access to safe drinking water, poor infrastructure and limited exposure to modern technologies with regard to natural resource conservation are among the factors that contribute to poverty of the beneficiaries. Finally, the pilot project, through sensitization will raise the awareness of beneficiaries and other stakeholders on sustainable use of natural resources and means for mitigating degraded environment that is a key element of their survival. This will raise the prospects for sustainability of the results of the full-scale project even higher. 11
4.3.3 Perhaps the best assurance for the replicability of the pilot project outcomes is the direct involvement of the local communities concerned, NGOs, community based organizations (CBOs) and other stakeholders in the design, formulation, implementation and review of the pilot project activities.
4.4 The Pilot Project Objectives
4.4.1 Sectoral Objective: The sector goal is to contribute to poverty reduction and sustainable socio-economic development through equitable utilization of, and benefit from, the common Nile Basin water resources.
4.4.2 Pilot Project Objective: The specific project objective is to avail the Governments of Uganda and the DRC with a sustainable investment and management plan for the joint use of the water and fisheries resources of Lakes Edward and Albert.
4.5 Project Outputs and Detailed Description
4.5.1 The expected pilot project outputs are as follows:
Plans for an improved ecological balance and greater bio-diversity in the lakes system prepared; Detailed Environmental and Social Management Plan developed; Plans for strengthening the capacities of the lake-wide fishing communities to co-manage shared resource and infrastructure; Integrated lakes Management plan and investment projects developed; Detailed statistics on poverty and fishery activities available; Plans for harmonized fishing policies and regulations; and Formulation of safety regulations and standards
4.5.2 The pilot project will be implemented over 30 calendar months period and will comprise four (4) sequential components (i) Fisheries Studies and Lake Management Plan Preparation (30 months); (ii) Introduction of Co-Management of Fisheries Resources (18 months); (iii) Community development activities (18 months); and, (iv) Project Coordination and Institutional Development (30 months). Detailed terms of reference for the studies are provided in Working Paper No. 1.
A: Fisheries Studies and Lake Management Plan Preparation
4.5.3 This component will involve six main activities viz: i) Fish biology research and biodiversity conservation; ii) Catchments pollution survey/water quantity and quality management; iii) Comprehensive stock assessment survey; iv) Fish Quality Assurance/Improvement; v) Socio-economic study of fisheries; and vi) Institutional and Regulatory Aspects
4.5.4 Fish biology research and biodiversity conservation: This will involve (i) identification of the main factors affecting aquatic biodiversity, (ii) making an inventory of existing and threatened aquatic biodiversity and map out habitats, (iii) carrying out taxonomic studies of endangered species and publish guides of their taxonomy, (iv) drawing up plans for 12
a museum collection to be used for information, education and research purposes, (v) preparing plans for propagation of threatened species, (vi) studying the behavior and life history of surviving species, (vii) undertake trophic studies in fish to determine lakes productivity and provide models of these relationships, (viii) determining the tolerance of surviving species to environmental conditions, (ix) drawing up conservation plans, (x) establishing a database on fisheries in the two lakes, (xi) preparing plans for training and research in relevant institutions in the two countries.
4.5.5 Catchments pollution survey/water quantity and quality management: This will involve (i) reviewing available literature related to water quantity and quality, selecting and gauging determinants and sampling sites, (ii) preparing sampling schedules, carry out analytical quality control, establishing changes, causes and effects of water quality deterioration, catchments degradation (iii) preparing plans for strengthening capacity of national institutions, and (iv) drawing up plans for management of watersheds of the two lakes
4.5.6 Stock assessment survey: this will involve but not limited to (i) carrying out fish stock assessment surveys to determine stock size, abundance, species composition and distribution, breeding movements, population structure and potential yield; (ii) frame surveys to determine gear characteristics and catch rates; trophic inter-relationships; habitat utilization for breeding and nursery purposes; (iii) studying the lake bottom for depth, types and substrate; and, (iv) paleo-limnological studies of lake sediments.
4.5.7 Fish Quality Assurance/Improvement: this will involve (i) studies to determine the extent and causes of post-harvest losses; (ii) proposals for ways of reducing losses; (iii) preparing plans for training and policy changes;
4.5.8 Socio-economic study of fisheries: this will involve (i) compilation and analysis of available data and identification of missing data, (ii) examination of community involvement in fish harvesting up to marketing, (iii) analyzing how fishing activities contribute to environmental degradation, (iv) determining nutrition, health and other social amenities of the lakeshore communities, (v) assessing the contribution of the fish industry to rural household incomes and the national economies of both countries, (vi) examination of the consequences of changes in policies on all stakeholders. This study will pay particular attention to gender imbalances that may exist in the sector and will propose ways of eliminating such imbalances.
4.5.9 Institutional and Regulatory Aspects: The consultant will analyze the global macroeconomic situation in both countries as well as the institutional environment concerning fishing and trading enterprises. The study will also address issues relating to the micro finance constraints and opportunities at both the central and district level. The capacity of the government administration (human capacities, material and financial capacities, organization, activities) will also be examined. The Consultant will examine the legal and regulatory framework (modern/traditional, regional/international) of fisheries, funding mechanisms in the sector (formal and informal), customs and taxation systems. In addition, the consultant will examine fisheries research structures, priorities, training needs as well as the various on-going and planned donor interventions in the sector. The Consultant will also look into the role of non-governmental organizations and the constraints to better coordination of fishing activities of the two countries. The consultant will analyze issues linked to insecurity and its direct and indirect implications on fishing activities. For all these 13
aspects, the consultant will make concrete and action oriented proposals in order to put in place an institutional environment conducive to sustainable development of the sub-sector.
4.5.10 Property Aspects: The consultant will study the existing property system, the method of acquisition and management of land, and conflict resolution. More specifically, the consultant will examine global issues linked to fish resource ownership, water ownership, links between customary law and modern law as well as relationships between the local and migratory fisherfolk. Based on this analysis, the consultant will make concrete proposals for improved use of fisheries grounds, in order to avoid conflicts and encourage diversification of productive activities for the resident populations.
4.5.11 On the basis of collected and analyzed data, the consultant will prepare a diagnostic assessment report and propose an integrated development and management framework plan for each lake. This framework will comprise, in addition to a summary of development issues of the sector, appropriate strategic axes and a short and medium term action program. The plan will include at least two priority projects. Furthermore, the consultant will specify potential sub-sector partners, conceivable funding arrangements and possibilities for public- private partnerships. The framework plan will enable both Governments through NELSAP to organize a roundtable Donors’ Conference for financing of the management plan and priority projects. The consultant will also make proposals for the creation of a ‘Lakes Edward and Albert Authority’ (structure, arrangements and sustainability). The Consultant will also prepare a proposal for a harmonized fishery statistics system and the setting up a computerized database at the NELSAP level.
4.5.12 The consultant will carryout technical, financial and socio-economic assessment of the two priority projects to determine the technical, economic and financial parameters including the funding requirements (including those in local and foreign costs), assess the global impacts and economic returns to these investments. Cross cutting aspects, namely those pertaining to environment, gender and poverty will be examined. An environmental and social management plan will be prepared to assess the positive, negative, direct, indirect, short, medium and long-term impacts on the lakes’ environments and resources. After this analysis, actions aimed at reducing negative effects on the environment and related costs will be integrated into the proposed priority projects.
B: Co-Management of Fisheries Resources
4.5.13 A detailed description of this concept is provided in the working paper. This component comprises the following main activity
4.5.14 Testing of Co-Management Practices: The introduction of co-management will involve sensitization of fishing communities, training of fisherfolk on management and leadership issues, developing management strategies to ensure their participation, establish functional Co-management structures at the selected pilot project sites. The component aims at introducing the mechanism of co-management in the fishing communities of Lakes Edward and Albert. It involves creating an active partnership between the local administration and the villages towards a sustainable exploitation of the fisheries resources and better protection of the lakes’ environment and their biodiversity. In addition to providing an opportunity for responsible participation in local development planning, co-management offers the possibility to fishing communities to be involved in the definition of regulations including adequate fishing methods, prohibition of the use of destructive fishing engines and practices and control of use of fishing grounds and periods allowed for fishing. Co-management further 14
allows for the participation of the fishing communities in developing statistics indispensable for local decision-making. The project will avail funds for the sensitization of communities on the importance of co-management, the creation of the local co-management structures such as the Beach Management Committees in Uganda, the establishment of rules for local management of the fisheries resources in each locality taking into account lake-wide concerns, putting in place the necessary support mechanisms such as fiscal measures and social infrastructure.
C: Community Development Activities
4.5.15 This component will support on a pilot basis through grants, micro-projects identified, prepared and presented for funding by community based organizations/groups for modest investments in fishing and mainly non-fishing sub-projects that will enhance the capacity and ability of the fishing communities to better utilize the fish resources. It will for example include the testing of investments in child nutrition, basic sanitation improvements, limited access roads improvements, water supply, food processing and marketing development and related technical support services. This approach has been successfully tested and is under implementation in other Bank Group funded projects in West Africa. It is proposed to test its replicability under trans-boundary, and post-conflict conditions, as a best practice, before adopting the approach under a full-blown project.
4.5.16 Given the manifest imbalances that exist in gender attribution of assets and access, the implementation of this component will focus on testing how to increase the role of women and youth role in the fisheries sector. Community development activities will have at least 10 percent contribution from the communities (mainly through voluntary labour contribution) through the established nascent co-management structures. The selected NGO will, act as intermediary providing technical support to communities in the preparation, submission of priority sub-projects for approval by the RPSC and implementation. The selection criteria for the community development activities will include among other things, poverty and gender considerations, geographic spread, community participation, sustainability of investment, social impact and potential economic returns. The average cost of a micro project is not expected to exceed UA15,000. The component also involves the sensitization of fishing communities on environment, the risks and opportunities in the fisheries sector, identification of priority investment community development activities, implementation of community development activities, evaluation of experiences and preparation of a lake-wide investment project.
D: Project Coordination and Institutional Development
4.5.17 This component will be implemented over the 30 months duration of the project and involves the following four sets of activities:
4.5.18 Project coordination activities such as procurement of goods and services, organization of meetings of the RPSC, liaison with the Bank, financial management of Bank funds, arranging for audit of accounts, workshops and study tours; Preparation of a draft proposal to establish the Lake Edward and Albert Fisheries Authority along the lines of the existing Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (LVFO); Convening of a Donors Conference at end of project to secure financing of the lake-wide management plan; and priority investment projects. 15
4.5.19 Updated and harmonized laws and regulations: Fisheries and environment laws of the two countries are different, and in some cases they are obsolete, incomplete and have not (or very little) involved fisherfolk in their elaboration process. Given that the lakes are a shared resource, harmonized laws constitute a key element of concerted and effective management of this resource. They will help avoiding conflicts among fisherfolk and possibly among States by developing consultation mechanisms and bilateral instruments of resource management. During the harmonization process, the project will stress the elaboration of a common classification of fishing units and categorization of fishing operations. This will allow the development of common procedures for collecting data and avoid the risk of distortion of information and decision-making. After a review of legal and regulatory aspects executed in the context of the study, the consultant will propose a concerted regional regulation at the level of each lake.
4.5.20 Improved fisheries statistics: To collect information for the database for lake planning, development and responsible management requirements, the project will support fishery administrations in developing a statistics network covering both lakes. The support will be in the form of equipment and training support. These statistics will enable regular collection of data on captures, the fishing effort and the socio-economic status of fishing units. This information will bring out global trends at lake level and locally at the level of decentralized administrations. This will be a useful instrument for making recommendations for improved resource management.
4.5.21 Establishment of Lakes Edward and Lake Albert Authority: In order to develop a common approach for fishery management, protection of lake environment and integrated development of all the lakes’ resources, a bilateral authority should in the long run be created and a convention on sustainable management of Lake Edward and Albert put in place. This authority would be entrusted with developing policies and programs for sustainable development of all the lake resources (fisheries, agriculture, livestock, trade). This will ensure the preservation of the physical, chemical and biological integrity of the lakes as well as allowing for the smooth coordination and execution of management programs and projects. The project, in this phase, will help start up necessary reflections and encourage consultations among the various stakeholders. The consultant, fisheries regulation expert, will propose a lean bilateral structure, its modes of operation and the required conditions for its continuity.
4.6 Production, Markets and Prices
State of Fisheries in Lakes Edward and Albert: Carrying out a complete review of the fishery sub sector and the environment of Lakes Edward and Albert is limited by the dearth of reliable information on the lakes. Indeed, the available data on the lakes date back to the 1980’s. In addition, these data are incomplete and do not cover both lakes. The most recent data are available mainly in Uganda and are limited in time and localized, often at the level of a landing stage or a district. The system of fish production in Lakes Edward and Albert and its basic determinants are not currently known, hence the need for any important future intervention to carry out a complete and exhaustive study of all the lakes and their watersheds. The pilot project will address this shortcoming through the planned investments in improving fisheries statistics and in improving the capacity of the district level authorities to manage the information generates.
In Lake Edward, captures were estimated in 1992 at 16,000 tonnes per annum. The main species fished are Oreochromis niloticus (57%), Bagrus dogmac (35%), barbus altianalis (6%), Clarias gariepinus (1%) and others (1%). The specific composition of captures seems 16
to have evolved because Oreochromis niloticus accounted on its own for 70% in 1988. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) ranges from 60kg/canoe/day for seines, to 70kg/canoe/day for gill nets. This CPUE seems to have considerably decreased because it was estimated at 124 kg/ canoe /day in 1989. The fall of the CPUE might be due to an anarchic increase of fishing effort and the illicit fishing activity, which results from it. Therefore, in 1989, 46.5% of the production came from fishing in the spawning beds and by illegal means.
In Lake Albert, the total production was estimated in 1988 at 22,500 tonnes, for an annual production potential in the order of 51,000 tonnes. The species mostly fished to date are: Hydrocynus vittatus (34%), Oreochromis niloticus (27%), Lates Niloticus (23%), Bagrus dogmac (7%), Clarias Lazera (5%), Alestes baremose (3%) and others. In 2001, a survey was carried out in Massindi District in Uganda. It showed in the landing areas a predominance of Lates Niloticus (45%), followed by Oreochromis niloticus (16.5),Alestes baremose (10.5), hydrocynus vittatus (7.5) and a variety of other species (15%). This information was too localized and incomplete to lead to a conclusion that there has been a significant modification in the specific composition and abundance of captures. On the whole lake, the specific composition and abundance of captures have to be analyzed in depth as they have a determining role in the strategies of production and sale to be envisaged.
Fish Marketing: Of the quantities of fish landed in both countries, 60% are sold fresh, 20% are processed using traditional methods such as smoking, salting and sun drying. Increasingly, industrial processing is expanding especially for exports. Fish products are traded through different local, regional and international channels of distribution. Fish prices are subject to fluctuations due to large variability in supply and demand. Fish species such as the Nile Perch that are mainly targeted for exports fetch higher prices in the market. In Uganda, fish remains the most important export commodity after coffee. In 2001, fish exports reached 28,000 tonnes (against 14,900 mt in 2000) with a value of 78.2 million US$, i.e. an increase of 68.3% in comparison to 2000. This increase resulted from the expansion of the export volume; better export prices, favorable exchange rates and increasing private sector involvement. This renewed growth in the fishing sector in Uganda follows a decline of 35% in fish exports in 1999 which came with the ban by the European Union on exports of fish products due to use of illegal fishing methods (poisoning) and poor sanitation conditions in most fish landing centres. Besides the export market, information on fish marketing activities in the DRC and Uganda is scanty.
Fish Processing and Sale in the Two Lakes: The fish landed is sold fresh or processed. Fresh fish procures more and faster returns and it is much easier for fisherfolk. However, the conditions of sale are bad due to the lack of basic infrastructures and refrigeration equipments /facilities. As regards processed fish, it is either smoked or salted/dried. Salting /drying is the most widely used method and concerns preferentially species like Alestes baremose and Hydrocynus vittatus. Smoking is done in traditional ovens and concerns Lates, Clarias and Propterus. In spite of improved processing and sale conditions, losses of fish after capture are believed to be relatively high, ranging between 25 and 30%. These losses are essentially due to the lack of appropriate equipment for the sale of fresh fish and the inadequacy of processing means. Moreover, the sale of products suffers from poor organization of distribution channels.
4.7 Environmental Impact 17
4.7.1 The pilot project has been classified as Category II according to Bank Group’s guidelines. The proposed pilot project is expected to contribute positively to environmental protection through (i) improved sanitation campaigns and provision of clean drinking water to communities; (ii) create employment for the poor thus limiting their tendency to destroy the surrounding environment; (iii) reduce trans-boundary community and national conflicts though harmonization of fishing regulations and enhanced dialogue between the two riparian countries, (iv) reduce human activities in the environmentally sensitive on-shore zone as a result of training and active community participation in project preparation through co- management of natural resources and enhanced sanitation and (vi) prepare an environmental and social management plan (ESMP) for the priority interventions to be proposed.
4.7.2 The present fishing practices are posing serious threats to the environment in the project area. Due to lack of capital, high population density along the lakeshores there has been a concentration of fishing effort in shallow inshore water, producing localized over- fishing and destroying breeding lagoons. Large quantities of small fish, fingerlings, and basic aquatic plants (food for aquatic species) are being taken away unnecessarily. Furthermore, increasing siltation levels of the two Lakes as a result of deforestation and watershed degradation is negatively affecting fish stocks and lake habitats, and threatening the sustainability of the lakes resources. Although these environmental stresses have been observed, no systematic studies have been undertaken to enable the Governments of DRC and Uganda formulate a sound and sustainable natural resources management program.
4.7.3 Potential negative impacts may arise from increased fish processing, trade and other commercial activities posing low-level pollution and public health risks. Also, unlimited entry to fishing sites may increase environmental degradation at the landing sites. There is also pollution risk from increased motorization. Proper mitigation measures will be included in the Environmental and Social Management Plan for the envisaged two investment projects that are one of the outputs of the pilot project. The pilot project staffs will liase with the DRC and Uganda Environmental Protection Agencies, both at national and local levels, to monitor any possible environmental impacts, which may result from pilot project implementation and will adhere to environmental regulations and standards in accordance with the Environmental Regulations of the riparian countries.
4.8 Social Impact
4.8.1 The pilot project will test the impact of the interventions on the social setting in the project area especially on women and youth. The former by the opportunities it will offer for their participation in the co-management plank while offering additional employment avenues for youth thereby reducing local crime and other misdemeanours. The socio- economic studies will avail the governments of the potential negative consequences of development in a post-conflict culture and its consequences on alcoholism, sexually transmitted diseases and water borne diseases. The appropriate remedial actions will be detailed in the environmental and social management plan to be developed as part of the priority investment projects. The pilot project itself will only have limited social influences and mainly through the Community development activities where the involvement of the communities through voluntary labour provision will have to be monitored to engage all sections of the community. 18
4.8.2 The pilot project will result inn positive social impacts through the increased access by fishing communities to potable water supply through the community development activities. Furthermore, the community sensitisation activities will augur well for social mobilisation and comm8unity development.
4.9 Pilot Project Costs
4.9.1 The total cost of the Pilot project is estimated at UA 1.86 million. The detailed cost estimates are given in Annex 2. Physical contingencies at the rate of ten percent (10%) have been applied on all cost items, while a 2.5 percent price contingency has been applied on all foreign costs and 5 percent on all local costs respectively. The summary cost estimate for the pilot project is given in Table No. 4.1 below.
Table 4.1 Cost Estimates by Component (in UA million)
% % Component F.E. L.C. Total Total F.E. Studies and Investment Plan Preparation 0.48 0.14 0.62 38 90 Co-Management of Lakes 0.27 0.08 0.35 21 60 Community development activities 0.32 0.09 0.42 25 50 Coordination and Institutional Support 0.20 0.06 0.26 16 50 Total Base Costs 1.27 0.38 1.65 100 67 Physical Contingencies 0.04 0.01 0.05 Price Contingencies 0.12 0.04 0.16 Total Pilot Project Costs 1.43 0.43 1.86
4.9.2 The summary of project costs by category of expenditure is in table No. 4.2 below:
Table 4.2 Summary of Project Costs by Category of Expenditure (in UA million)
Category F.E. L.C. Total Cost % F.E. Technical Assistance 0.37 0.00 0.37 100 Coordination 0.49 0.07 0.56 87 Capacity Building 0.08 0.03 0.11 72 Equipment 0.23 0.02 0.25 90 Community development activities 0.04 0.16 0.20 20 Travel & Allowances 0.05 0.02 0.07 77 Operating Expenses (incl. Audit) 0.02 0.07 0.09 19 Total Base Costs 1.27 0.38 1.65 77 Price Contingencies 0.04 0.01 0.05 Physical Contingencies 0.12 0.04 0.16 Total Pilot Project Costs 1.43 0.43 1.86
4.10 Sources of Finance and Expenditure Schedule
4.10.1 The pilot project will be financed by a grant from the ADF and from contributions by the two NELSAP member countries of the pilot project area (Uganda and the DRC), the NBI 19
Secretariat as well as from the beneficiaries of the pilot project. A summary of the financing plan is provided in Table No.4.3 below.
4.10.2 The ADF grant amounting to UA 1.65 million represents 88 percent of the total pilot project costs. It will cover the fees of the technical assistance, coordination unit, transportation (vehicles) and travel expenses, equipment, expenses for meetings, and part of the operational costs including audit services as well as contingencies relating to these costs. The ADF will also finance the grant to the selected NGO for field implementation of the Community development activities.
Table 4.3 Financing Arrangements (in UA million)
Source F.C L.C Total % of Total ADF 1.43 0.21 1.65 88.3 NBI 0.00 0.04 0.04 2.0 Govt. of Uganda 0.00 0.08 0.08 4.5 Govt. of the DRC 0.00 0.08 0.08 4.5 Beneficiaries 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.6 Total 1.43 0.43 1.86 100.00
4.10.3 The NBI Secretariat will contribute about UA 0.04 million amounting to 2 percent of the total project costs. This contribution will cover its support to workshops as well as facilitation of travel and meetings.
4.10.4 The Governments of Uganda and the DRC will contribute UA 0.16 million (each country will contribute UA 0.08 million) amounting to 9 percent of the total pilot project cost and this will cover the salaries of counterpart experts.
4.10.5 The beneficiaries of the community development activities will also contribute UA 0.01 Million representing less than 1 percent of the total project costs and this will go towards the cost of implementation of the Community development activities in the field, mainly in the form of voluntary labour.
4.10.6 The Community development activities to be managed by the selected NGO Group has been estimated at UA 0.22 million on the basis of an average cost of UA 0.05 million per site up to a maximum of two sites per country. This estimate is in line with co-management experiences from World Bank funded LVEMP and the DFID financed ILM project in Lake George. The Community development activities funds to the NGO also incorporates a 7.5 percent support to NBI Secretariat (equivalent to UA 0.02) to cover the costs of an audit of project accounts, mid term supervision and convening of a Donor’s Conference at the end of the pilot project. 20
Table 4.4 Expenditure Schedule by Component (UA million)
Component / Year 2003/2004 2004/2005 2005/2006 Total Studies and Investment Plan Preparation 0.41 0.30 0.00 0.71 Co-Management of Lakes 0.13 0.26 0.00 0.39 Community development activities 0.08 0.31 0.08 0.47 Coordination and Institutional Support 0.12 0.12 0.05 0.29 Total 0.74 0.99 0.13 1.86
Table 4.5 Expenditure Schedule by Category (UA million)
Category / Year 2003/2004 2004/2005 2005/2006 Total Technical Assistance 0.24 0.18 0.00 0.42 Coordination 0.25 0.25 0.13 0.63 Capacity Building 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.12 Equipment 0.05 0.21 0.00 0.26 Community Development Activities 0.02 0.18 0.05 0.25 Travel & Allowances 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.08 Operating Expenses 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.10 Total 0.65 0.94 0.27 1.86
5. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 Executing Agency
The NBI Secretariat will be the executing agency for the project and will be responsible for recruitment of the Regional Pilot Project Coordinator and the associated staff in the Coordination Unit in close coordination with NELSAP Technical Advisory Committee (NELTAC). The Pilot Project Coordinator, and Program Officer whose qualifications and experience are provided in the Terms of Reference attached, as Annex 4 will be recruited by the NBI secretariat upon obtaining No Objection from the Fund. The Coordination Unit will also include a Program Officer to oversee operations in the DRC. The Project Coordination Unit will be responsible for the overall coordination of the pilot project and in particular will (i) process recruitment of the Consultant TA; (ii) procure the services of the NGO for administration of the Community development activities; (ii) constitute and convene meetings of the regional pilot project coordinating committee; (iii) maintain close liaison with the Bank; (iv) oversee the work of the Consultant TA; and, (v) provide clearances for reports upon Bank approval. These recruitment activities are expected to take 10 weeks and will be carried out in line with NBI recruitment policies that have been reviewed and found adequate.
5.2 Institutional Arrangements
5.2.1 The Lakes Edward and Albert Fisheries (LEAF) pilot project is one among 12 regional actions (see paragraph 1.2.3) coordinated by the existing NELSAP regional pilot project steering committee (RPSC) that comprises five members from each riparian country 21
and meets at least two times during project implementation. The RPSC is mandated to: (i) oversee and guide project preparation and implementation; (ii) assisting the Consultant TA in the identification of potential pilot project and replication sites within the lake area; (iii) provide technical review and clearance of technical and administrative reports submitted by the Consultant TA and NGO responsible for Community development activities; (iii) selection of counterpart staff to the Consultant TA team (iv) providing overall guidance to the Consultant and facilitating the work of the Consultant in the respective riparian countries. A schematic description of the institutional arrangements is provided in Annex 3.
5.2.2 The eight national counterpart experts to be based in both DRC and Uganda will match the areas of expertise of the international experts and will be selected on the basis of the agreed NBI policies. Each country (Uganda and the DRC) will propose at least two qualified candidates for each of the counterpart positions. There will thus be four candidates for each position. The RPSC will select the best candidate for each position and will aim for geographical balance. The experts will be appointed after receiving a No Objection from the Fund. At the selected lake sites, the National counterparts under the guidance of the Consultant TA and supervision of the Pilot Project Coordinator will (i) assume overall responsibility for coordination of selected lake sites that fall in their respective countries (ii) carry out a technical review the Consultants’ reports (iii) assist the Consultant and NGO for Community development activities in the mobilization of the communities around the selected sites.
5.2.3 Vehicles: The Project Coordination Unit will acquire fishing boats for the conduct of the studies as well as transportation vehicles for field travel. The estimated cost of the vehicles at UA22,000 is more cost effective than the hiring of similar vehicles which currently in Uganda ranges from US$100-120/day. In the DRC, care hire rates are prohibitively expensive and for the 30-month period of the pilot project will be very expensive. Further car hire to the pilot project area is non-existent.
5.2.4 Technical Assistance Services: Given the complexity of the areas of investigation, the study will be carried out by a Consulting Firm providing a multi-disciplinary team of international experts totalling 63 person months of expertise over the 30 months of the pilot project. The team will consist of 1 Fisheries Management Expert cum Team Leader (16p/months), 1 bio-ecologist (7 p/months), 1 Civil Engineer (5 p/months), 1 Fisheries Socio- economist (9 p/months), 1 Bio-statistician (6 p/months), 1 Fisheries Regulation Expert (7 p/months), 1 Environmentalist/Water Expert (6 p/months), 1 (Fisheries Engineer (7p/months). The implementation of this component will cover the 30 months of the pilot project. Eight national counterparts totalling 240 man months and having the required qualifications in the above-named disciplines will assist the international consultant.
5.2.5 The TA team will be responsible for (i) Conducting specialized studies in fisheries biology and biodiversity conservation, catchments pollution survey / water quality management, socio-economics of fisheries in the two lakes, establishment of a database on fisheries in the two lakes; (ii) Training of counterpart staff and district level fisheries officials in lake management and fisheries resource management; (iii) Carrying out a fish catch assessment and frame survey, fish quality assurance/improvement assessment and recommendations for improvement; (iv) Reviewing fisheries regulations for co-management in the two countries and propose measures for harmonization and improvement; (v) Preparing the various technical reports and seeking the clearance of the RPSC; (vi) Preparing an expanded fisheries management plan for lakes Edward and Albert, (vii) Preparing at least two priority development projects for lakes Edward and Albert. 22
5.2.6 NGO Services: An NGO will be recruited to provide project management services for the Community development activities and co-management components. It will be responsible for (i) sensitization and mobilization of the selected fishing communities in the pilot project area (ii) identification of Community development activities (iii) determination of implementation modalities with local communities and district authorities (iv) carrying out required civil works using unskilled voluntary labour from the community; (v) procurement of required equipment and skilled labour for civil works; and, (vi) keeping accurate records of all project implementation activities to enable evaluation of the pilot project experience. The recruited NGO will work closely with the respective central and district level authorities. The PCU and the counterpart experts in association with the district authorities will carry out the evaluation of the Community development activities and co-management activities.
5.3 Implementation Schedule
The pilot project will be implemented over a 30-month period. The principal activities of the pilot project will comprise desk reviews, field investigations, and meetings with local stakeholders, lake site identification, scientific studies, Community development activities at community level, preparation of a management plan for Lake Edward and Albert with at least two priority development projects. The pilot project will require 63 person-months of international expertise and 240 person-months of counterpart expert staff time. An indicative implementation schedule is given in Annex 6.
5.4 Procurement Arrangements
5.4.1 All procurement of goods, works, and acquisition of consulting services financed by the Bank will be in accordance with the Bank’s Rules of Procedure for Procurement of Goods and Works or, as appropriate, Rules of Procedure for the Use of Consultants, using the relevant Bank Standard Bidding Documents. The procurement arrangements are summarised in Table No. 5.2 below. Table 5.2 Procurement Arrangements (in UA Million) Category Other Total Shortlist National Direct Direct Shopping Neg. Purchase 1. Goods 1.1 Equipment 0.28 (0.28) 0.28 (0.28)
2. Consulting Services 2.1 Technical Assistance 0.42 (0.42) 0.42 (0.42) 2.2 Project Mgmt. Services 0.22 (0.20) 0.22 (0.20) 2.3 Audit Services 0.02 (0.02) 0.02 (0.02)
2.4 Training Services 0.12(0.12) 0.12 (0.12) 3. Miscellaneous
3.1 Travel and DSA 0.08 (0.07) 0.08 (0.07) 3.2 Operating Expenses 0.10 (0.08) 0.10 (0.08) 3.3 Staff Costs 0.64 (0.46) 0.64 (0.46) Total 0.66 (0.64) 0.28 (0.28) 0.12(0.12) 0.81 (0.61) 1.86 (1.65) Figures in parentheses refer to ADF funding. 23
5.4.2 Goods. Four contracts for procurement of equipment worth UA 282,420 (3 vehicles, 2 fishing boats, 8 motorcycles, laboratory equipment and supplies, computer workstations and photocopier) will be awarded through national shopping for items required in each particular country, as these items are readily available off-the-shelf items that are small in value and there are adequate numbers of national suppliers and agents of qualified foreign suppliers.
5.4.3 Project Management Services: Procurement of Regional Pilot Project Coordinator, Program Officer and an NGO; counterparts and management operating costs amounting to a total of UA 0.22 million shall be procured from the NELSAP region on the basis of a shortlist with the lowest price for comparable service. These costs will provide for increased capacity building of participating communities.
5.4.4 Technical Assistance: The consultancy services amounting to UA 0.42 million, for a specialist firm in fisheries research and planning, will be acquired through a shortlist of qualified firms in accordance with Bank’s Rules of Procedure for the Use of Consultants. The selection procedure will be based on the technical quality with price consideration.
5.4.5 Staff Training Services: Training of staff in various aspects of fisheries technology and extension shall be undertaken according to needs assessment and will be procured through direct negotiations with existing training institutions in the Nile Equatorial Lakes region. The recruited NGO will take charge of capacity building of community groups involved in fishing, processing and marketing activities. Under this activity, great emphasis will be given to raising environmental awareness of the beneficiaries and other stakeholders to minimize the potential adverse on the environment and promote environmentally friendly sub-projects. The project will finance the services of NGO/service provider with local experience and required technical expertise to implement these activities. The estimated cost for training is UA 0.12 million.
5.4.6 General Procurement Notice: The text of General Procurement Notice (GPN) will be agreed with the NBI Secretariat and will be issued for publication in the United Nations Development Business News upon approval by the Board of Directors of the grant proposal.
5.4.7 Review Procedures: The following Document are subject to review and approval by the Bank before promulgation: (i) Specific procurement Notice; (ii) Requests for Proposal; (iii) Reports of Consultants Proposals including recommendations for contract award; and (iv) Draft Contracts if these have been amended from the drafts included in the tender invitation documents.
5.5 Disbursement Arrangements
The special account method and the direct payment method will be used for disbursement. The Nile Basin Initiative will open one (1) interest bearing Special Accounts (SAs) in foreign currency and two (2) interest bearing Local Currency Accounts (LCAs) in a banks acceptable to the ADF. The two LCA will be used to receive transfers from the first foreign currency Special Account for operating costs in the DRC and Uganda while the third LCA will receive Governments counterpart contribution. The ADF funds will be disbursed according to the work program, which will be agreed upon beforehand between the Bank and the NBI Secretariat. The ADF will replenish the SAs after the Project has used at least 50% 24
of the previous deposit and provided valid justifications for its use to the Bank. The PCU will maintain records at all times of all disbursements made by the Bank and the Government.
5.6 Monitoring and Evaluation
5.6.1 Monitoring and evaluation of progress in pilot project implementation will be an integral function of the Pilot Project Coordination Unit (PCU). The PCU management will design a management information system to record activities carried out, sub-projects approved, disbursements, and achievements and to capture information on training and capacity building of the communities.
5.6.2 The foundation for overall project monitoring and evaluation systems will be the project matrix shown in this report. Indicators will be used to compare project performance each year with the targets set in the annual work-plan and budget for that year. The general principles for participatory monitoring of project activities will include: (i) Pilot Project Regional Steering Committee, members of the committee from each country will closely monitor the implementation of project activities and achievements in their respective countries; (ii) community groups involved in co-management sub-project activities will also monitor their activities and investment performance, supported by NGO and other service providers; (iii) the NGO selected for the implementation of the Community development activities and co-management components will keep particular records.
5.6.3 The records will include the following: (i) gender composition of community participation, (ii) actual implementation periods compared to planned, (iii) completion rates by type of community development activity (iv) health, nutrition and income status of participating households compared to non pilot project sites (v) community participation in local fishing and water resource regulations formulation, and (vi) inventory of increases in household assets.
5.6.4 The Pilot Project Coordinator will coordinate all monitoring and evaluation activities and ensure timely production of the necessary reports. Furthermore, orientation workshop will be conducted during which the study firm will present the inception report to a wide range of stakeholders and get their feedback on the proposed activities. In addition to regular reports on pilot project performance and achievements, final workshop will be undertaken at the end of the pilot project to assess the general performance of the project, draw lessons learned for sharing and seek financing of the proposed program. Funds for the monitoring and evaluation activities will come from the provision to the NGO for community development activities and will be coordinated through the counterpart Socio-economist and the Project Coordination Unit.
5.7 Financial Reporting and Auditing
The NBI Secretariat will operate and maintain separate accounts for the pilot project in accordance with sound and acceptable accounting principles and will maintain necessary books of accounts. All accounts will be audited by independent auditors (external audit) acceptable to the Bank in accordance with provisions of the Financing Agreement. The pilot project will finance the audit costs from the provisions to NBI Secretariat under the project management services to the NGO. The audited accounts together with the auditor’s report will be submitted to the Fund not more than six months after the end of the project. The NBI Secretariat will also submit to the Fund regular quarterly progress reports, prepared as per the official Bank Group report guidelines. 25
5.8 Aid Coordination
5.8.1 The proposed pilot project is collaborative effort by the Bank Group and the World Bank and was appraised by missions from both institutions. The World Bank financed the preparation workshop that brought together a wide range of stakeholders including DFID and IUCN and the workshop put in place modalities for continued preparation of the pilot project. After consultations with other donors both in the DRC and Uganda, the consensus reached was that, the pilot project fully compliments funding by other donors especially those involved in natural resources conservation. The pilot project will in particular complement NELSAP programs that are funded by SIDA, NORAD, the World Bank, and USAID. It will also complement, in Uganda, the activities of Integrated Lake Management on lake George, Lake Victoria Environmental Management Program, and Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization that are funded by DFID, the World Bank and IUCN. In the DRC, the Pilot Project will complement the fisheries activities of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Livestock that are funded by the Belgium Government and UNDP.
5.8.2 The general coordination of the pilot project with the donors present in the DRC and Uganda will be channelled through regular and ad hoc donor coordination meetings through the Natural Resources and Food and Agriculture Working Groups and other existing forums for donor coordination in the water and agriculture sectors. One of the first monitorable tasks of the NELSAP Coordinating Unit will be to establish formal links with the above donor working groups. The Bank will foster close collaboration with the NELSAP donors through the sharing of information on the implementation status through distribution of supervision reports and attendance of annual donor meetings organized by NELSAP. To enhance communication on pilot project implementation, performance and impact on beneficiaries all reports will be produced in both French and English. The Donor community in the DRC and Uganda will participate in the final workshops to share experiences and share lessons learned including co-financing possibilities in the proposed investment program.
6. PILOT PROJECT JUSTIFICATION AND BENEFITS
6.1 The pilot project is justified for a number of reasons. It addresses the poverty situation in the NELSAP region especially the core project area around the lakes Edward and Albert basins through sustainable use of natural resources. It also reduces the possibility of conflicts on the lakes among fisherfolk brought about due to lack of harmonized fishing policies and regulations. Additionally, the project seeks to enhance the development of the private sector through involvement of NGOs, community based groups that should be the engine for sustaining development in the sub-basin. Strengthened organization of the civil society and active participation of the beneficiaries in the project preparation process will be undeniable asset in sustaining and expanding the program into the investment phase of the pilot project.
6.2 Sustainable fish harvesting on the basis of a more complete understanding of fish resources and associated bio-data should result in improved income and increased productivity for the fishing communities. In addition, certain rural industries and businesses that support the fishery industry and trade should gain both directly and indirectly from the projects that will result from the study component.
6.3 The project is further justified in that it strengthens regional cooperation and integration in creating a win-win opportunities and reducing poverty through sustainable use 26
of water resources for productive purpose. It is also strongly supported by the riparian Governments, especially the DRC and Uganda Governments. The program is also in line with the African Development Bank Vision to bring about poverty reduction, economic development and regional integration among its member countries.
7. RISKS
The envisaged outcomes outlined earlier are not without risks, these include: (i) An escalation of hostilities pervasive in the region. This risk will be minimized through periodic meetings of the NBI that are attended by all NELSAP member countries who have resolved to bring economic development and peace to the region; (ii) Continued willingness of traditional leaders and communities to participate in the project. The pilot project will build on the experience that shows that involving the traditional leaders and community members in training programs and providing follow-up refreshers courses sustains their commitment to development activities; and, (iii) Another major risk in capture fishery is boat capsizing and loss of life. This risk will be minimized through community training regarding safety measures on the lakes and through community enforcement of safety standards.
8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
8.1 Conclusions
8.1.1 Agricultural production through sustainable utilization of natural resources is the main pillar of the DRC and Uganda development effort for reducing poverty in rural areas where more than 70% of their populations depend on agricultural related activities for their livelihood. Both Countries’ Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) and their Bank Group 2003 –2005 Country Strategy Papers (CSP) point to the need for increased investment in agriculture and natural resources sectors as a means for reducing poverty in rural areas.
8.1.2 The proposed Lakes Albert and Edward fisheries pilot project will enable the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda to: (i) strengthen collaboration for the rational and sustainable development and management of the shared water bodies by adopting joint fisheries and watershed management measures; (ii) foster bilateral cooperation and peace of the riparian communities as well as at national level through periodic meetings; (iii) adopt joint fishing regulations with the aim of harmonizing fishing activities that should minimize current conflicts on the lakes; (iv) contribute towards conservation of biodiversity in the two lakes. The pilot project presents a unique opportunity for enhancing peace, joint economic development and regional integration between DRC and Uganda.
8.1.3 The pilot project is designed to be multi-sectoral and integrated. It will be implemented through a participatory approach of beneficiary communities and identified stakeholders. It also addresses crosscutting issues of poverty, gender, and environment and ensures a holistic approach to sustainable fisheries production. The Pilot Project is consistent with the Bank Group Vision Statement and Strategic Plan and Country Strategies for DRC and Uganda that focus on poverty reduction, regional integration and private sector development. It is also in line with the Bank Group Strategic Partnership with the World Bank and other development partners on the economic integration of the NBI region. 27
8.2 Recommendations
8.2.1 In light of the foregoing, it is recommended that the Nile Basin Initiative be extended a grant not exceeding UA 1.65 million from African Development Fund resources to finance the Fisheries Pilot Project for Lakes Edward and Albert that are shared between the DRC and Uganda.
8.2.2 The grant and its entry into force will be subject to the following conditions:
A. Conditions Precedent to Entry into Force
Protocol Agreement shall enter into force on its day of signature.
B. Conditions Precedent to First Disbursement
The obligations of the Fund to make the first disbursement shall be conditional upon the entry into force of the Protocol Agreement as set forth in section ‘A’ above and to the fulfillment by the Recipient of the following conditions. The Recipient shall have, to the satisfaction of the Fund:
(i) Opened and thereafter undertake to maintain, on terms and conditions acceptable to the Fund, a Special Account into which the funds destined for the selected NGO and Pilot Project management costs shall be deposited (paragraph 5.5).
Undertakings of the Recipient:
The Recipient hereby undertakes:
(i) To implement the conclusions and recommendations for the processing and implementation of the Lakes Edward and Albert Management Plan and Lakes Edward and Albert Fisheries Authority; (ii) To convening a Donors’ Conference on financing of the Lakes Edward and Albert Management Program. Annex 1
Map of Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo showing the Pilot Project Area
NileEquatorialLakesSubsidiaryActionProgramme
DRCongo t er lb A Lake ke Kyoga a L
SustainableManagement andConservationof LakesandLinkedWetlands FortPortal Uganda FisheriesManagementProject # Bombo # forLakeAlbertandLakeEdward Kampala %[
rd a Masaka # dw E ke a L Mbarara # Buluko # LakeVictoria
ICCON1 Annex 2 Page 1 of 2 Detailed Cost Estimates of Pilot Project
Unit Total Foreign Local Description Unit Quantity Cost Cost Costs Costs
Technical Assistance Fisheries Management Expert (TL) m / mnths 16 6500 104000 104000 0 Fisheries Bio ecologist m / mnths 7 6000 42000 42000 0 Civil Engineer m / mnths 5 6000 30000 30000 0 Fisheries Socio Economist m / mnths 9 5500 49500 49500 0 Bio Statistician m / mnths 6 4500 27000 27000 0 Fisheries Regulations Expert m / mnths 7 6000 42000 42000 0 Environmentalist / Water Expert m / mnths 6 6000 36000 36000 0 Fisheries Engineer m / mnths 7 5500 38500 38500 0 Subtotal 63 369000 369000 0 Price Contingencies 2.5 & 5% 9225 9225 0 Physical Contingencies 10% 36900 36900 0 Subtotal plus Contingencies 415125 415125 0 Coordination Coordination Unit Regional Project Coordinator m / mths 30 3000 90000 90000 0 Program Officer (DRC) m / mths 30 2000 60000 60000 0 Counterpart Experts (8) m / mths 240 1500 360000 288000 72000 Administrative Assistant m / mths 30 750 22500 22500 0 Drivers (3) m / mths 90 350 31500 31500 0 Subtotal 564000 492000 72000 Price Contingencies 2.5 & 5% 15900 12300 3600 Physical Contingencies 10% 56400 49200 7200 Subtotal plus Contingencies 636300 553500 82800 Capacity Building Training Certificate level Training persons 4 8000 32000 32000 0 Study Tours persons 5 5000 25000 20000 5000 Field Based Training Courses course 4 5000 20000 10000 10000 Training Workshops w/shop 3 10000 30000 15000 15000 Subtotal 107000 77000 30000 Price Contingencies 2.5 & 5% 3425 1925 1500 Physical Contingencies 10% 10700 7700 3000 Subtotal plus Contingencies 121125 86625 34500 Equipment Transportation Vehicles units 3 22000 66000 59400 6600 Boats units 2 37000 74000 66600 7400 Motorcycles units 8 10000 80000 72000 8000 Annex 2 Page 2 of 2
Unit Total Foreign Local Description Unit Quantity Cost Cost Costs Costs
Office Equipment Computers units 3 1500 4500 4050 450 Printers units 2 500 1000 900 100 Photocopiers units 2 1000 2000 1800 200 Facsimile machines units 2 250 500 450 50 Electronic Satellite Services l/sum 7500 6750 750 Field Equipment and Supplies Field Equipment l/ sum 10000 9500 500 Field Supplies l/ sum 5000 4750 250 Subtotal Equipment 250500 226200 24300 Price Contingencies 2.5 & 5% 6870 5655 1215 Physical Contingencies 10% 25050 22620 2430 Subtotal plus Contingencies 282420 254475 27945 Community development activities Community development activities l /sum 200000 40000 160000 Management Cost 2% 4000 400 3600 Subtotal 204000 40400 163600 Price Contingencies 2.5 & 5% 9190 1010 8180 Physical Contingencies 10% 20400 4040 16360 Subtotal plus Contingencies 233590 45450 188140 Travel & Allowances International Air Travel trips 10 2000 20000 19000 1000 Regional Air Travel trips 14 1500 21000 19950 1050 Per Diem TA nights 200 100 20000 10000 10000 Per Diem Natl Experts nights 100 50 5000 2500 2500 Per Diem Coordination Unit nights 50 50 2500 1250 1250 Subtotal 68500 52700 15800 Price Contingencies 2.5 & 5% 2108 131 8 790 Physical Contingencies 10% 6850 5270 1580 Subtotal plus Contingencies 77458 59288 18170 Operating Expenses Office Supplies l /sum 15000 3000 12000 Vehicle O&M 12% 7920 1584 6336 Telecommunication Expenses l /sum 10000 1000 9000 Office Rental room 6 9000 54000 10800 43200 Subtotal 86920 16384 70536 Price Contingencies 2.5 & 5% 3936 410 3527 Physical Contingencies 10% 8692 1638 7054 Subtoal plus contingencies 99548 18432 81116 TOTAL incl Contingencies 1865566 1432895 432671 Annex 3 Project Implementation Structure
Nile Basin Initiative NILECOM
NILETAC
NILESEC NELCOM Executing Agency NELSAP ENSAP NELSAP
NELSAP-CU RPSC
NELTAC Project coordinating unit
Project activities at national level Line of Control
Line of coordination
Supervision and regulation Annex 4 Page 1 of 3
LAKES EDWARD AND ALBERT FISHERIES (LEAF) PILOT PROJECT NILE EQUATORIAL LAKES SUBSIDIARY ACTION PROGRAM (NELSAP) NILE BASIN INITIATIVE
TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EXPERTS
Fisheries Economist / Team Leader
Qualifications: Holder of a postgraduate degree in agricultural economics with specialization in planning of the fisheries sector. The candidate should have at least 10 years working experience of which 5 should be in the fisheries sector managing fisheries projects with a multi-disciplinary team in Africa. The candidate should posses wide understanding of the artisanal fisheries sector in Africa particularly of inland fisheries. The Expert should preferable be fluent in both English and French
Tasks: As Team leader, the Expert will be responsible for the execution of the study in accordance with the terms of reference and produce the required reports. In addition to coordination of the work of the different experts, the Team Leader will analyze the general planning framework, the economic environment of the sector and its importance in the national economies of the two countries and the region in general, income generation for the different stakeholders, poverty reduction and nutritional status. S/He will assess the fisheries research structures and priorities, the different donor and NGO actions ongoing and planned as well as the existing coordination mechanisms between the two countries.
Duration: 16 p/m
Socio-economist Qualifications: The expert should have a post graduate degree in sociology / rural economics with a good understanding of the marketing and credit problems in the artisanal fisheries sector. S/He should have a good understanding of the artisanal fisheries sector in Africa in general and the project area in particular. S/He should be familiar with the various processing methods employed in Africa namely: salting, smoking and drying. The Expert should preferable be fluent in both English and French
Tasks: The Expert will analyze the social and technical organization of the fisheries communities (organizational modes, water use, demographic aspects, health and education) S/He will conduct a gender analysis of the sector and assess the marketing channels, demand and supply for fish and fish products, post-harvest loss estimation and means of its reduction. S/He in collaboration with the fisheries expert should propose measures to be undertaken to improve public health and hygiene at fish landing sites. The micro-finance requirements of the fishing community will be analyzed and proposals made to address constraints experienced especially by women fishmongers and processors. The socio-economist will also pose alternative income-generating activities that will reduce the pressure on the fisheries resources.
Duration: 9 p/m Annex 4 Page 2 of 3
Fisheries Bio-ecologist
Qualifications: Holder of a postgraduate degree in bio-ecology with at least 10 years professional experience and good understanding of the artisanal fisheries of Africa and inland fisheries in particular. The Expert should preferable be fluent in both English and French
Tasks: The expert will analyze the current situation of the hydro-biological environment and its dynamics, fisheries resources and dynamics, the current and future production potentials and trends. S/He will propose appropriate measures for the maintenance or restoration of productive capacity and define the bio-ecological conditions necessary for the sustainable use of the fishery resources in Lakes Edward and Albert.
Duration: 7 p/m
Fisheries Engineer
Qualifications: Holder of a postgraduate degree in fisheries engineering with at least 10 years professional experience and good understanding of the artisanal fisheries of Africa and inland fisheries in particular. The Expert should preferable be fluent in both English and French.
Tasks: The expert will analyze the current production system with a view to proposing improvements. In particular he will arrange for the design of required infrastructure to met the public health and hygienic requirements at the principal landing sites on Lakes Edward and Albert. S/He will propose procurement methods for the acquisition of the required equipment and infrastructure.
Duration: 7 p/m
Fisheries Legal Expert
Qualifications: The expert should have a postgraduate degree in maritime affairs and specialized in institutional development with at least 10 years professional experience and good understanding of the artisanal fisheries of Africa and inland fisheries in particular. The Expert should preferable be fluent in both English and French.
Tasks: The expert will analyse the legislative and regulatory framework governing fisheries policy, management and research in the two countries in the context of prevailing international protocols and conventions. S/He will undertake an assessment of the principal institutions involved in the sector with a view to making recommendations for harmonization of regulations between the two countries. The ex0pert will propose an institutional arrangement for the management of the water and fishery resources of Lakes Edward and Albert.
Duration: 7 p/m Annex 4 Page 3 of 3
Environmentalist
Qualifications: The expert should have a postgraduate degree in environmental science with specialization in water management / fisheries with at least 10 years professional experience and good understanding of the artisanal fisheries of Africa and inland fisheries in particular. The Expert should preferable be fluent in both English and French.
Tasks: The Expert will analyse the different environmental parameters such as water quality, eutrophication, pollution levels and watershed management requirements towards the preparation of an environmental and social assessment plan. S/He will study the environmental conditions prevailing at the fish landing sites and make recommendations for sustainable use of the water and fishery resource on Lakes Edward and Albert.
Duration: 6 p/m
Bio Statistician
Qualifications: Holder of a postgraduate degree in bio-statistics with at least 10 years professional experience and good understanding of the artisanal fisheries of Africa and inland fisheries in particular. The Expert should preferable be fluent in both English and French.
Tasks: The Expert will analyse the current situation of fisheries statistics and propose a survey model (sampling plan and analytical method). S/He will propose a computerized database to be established that will assist the fisheries administrations to improve their statistics on Lakes Edward and Albert.
Duration : 6 p/m
Civil Engineer
Qualifications: The expert should have a post graduate degree in civil engineering with specialization in social infrastructure with at least 10 years professional experience and good understanding of the artisanal fisheries of Africa and inland fisheries in particular. The Expert should preferable be fluent in both English and French.
Tasks: The Expert will proceed with an analysis of the current situation of basic and fisheries infrastructure at the principal landing sites. S/He will then proceed with an identification of the required infrastructure developments in consultation with the communities and respective central and district authorities.
Duration: 5 p/m Annex 5
DONOR SUPPORT TO NELSAP
NEL-COM Priority Project Countries Prep. Impl. Donor Area Directly Costs Costs Involved (US$ M) (US$ M) Water Use in Enhanced Agriculture BUR/DRC/ 1.2 45 ADB Agriculture Productivity Project KEN/RWA /TAN/UGA Sustainable Fisheries Project for Lakes DRC 1.0 15 ADB Management and Albert and Edward UGA Conservation of Lakes and Linked Wetlands Watershed Development of a KEN 0.1 +(3.0) 3.0 SIDA Management Framework for cooperative TAN Management of the Water Resources of the Mara River Basin Kagera River Basin BUR 0.1 + (4.0) 4.0 SIDA Integrated Water Resources RWA/ TAN Management UGA Development of a KEN 0.1 + (3.0) 3.0 USA Framework for cooperative UGA Management of the Water Resources of the Malakisi- Malaba-Sio River Basin Water Hyacinth and Water hyacinth abatement BUR/RWA 0.7 4.0 USA water weed control in the Kagera River Basin /TAN/UGA Hydropower Program Hydropower development BUR/DRC/ ADB and Power trade KEN/RWA CIDA /TAN/UGA SIDA NORAD Rusumo Falls Hydro BUR/RWA 6.0 CIDA electric power (HEP) /TAN/UGA Hydro power development development Ranking and Feasibility BUR/DRC/ 5.0 TBD ADB (CIDA Study of HEPs in the NEL KENRWA/ Trust Fund) region TAN/UGA Transmission Interconnection between KEN 0.8 TBD ADB Interconnection Kenya and Uganda UGA Interconnection between BUR 1.0 TBD ADB DRC, Burundi and Rwanda RWA UGA Interconnection between BUR 0.7 TBD ADB Burundi and Rwanda RWA Interconnection between UGA 0.7 TBD ADB Uganda and Rwanda RWA Coordination NEL Coordination Unit BUR/DRC/ 0.63 0.63 SIDA KEN/RWA /TAN/UGA /EGY/SUD Annex 6 Implementation Schedule (January 2004 - July 2006)
Activity Period Responsibility 1 Grant Approval 22 October 2003 ADB Board 2 General Procurement Notice Issued November 2003 NBI Sec./ADB 3 Establish Coordination Unit January 2004 NBI Sec. 4 Open Special Account January 2004 NBI Sec. 5 Disbursement Effectiveness February 2004 ADB 7 Launching Workshop March 2004 ADB/ NELSAP- CU 8 Regional Project Steering Cmte Meeting March 2004 NBI Sec 9 Preparation and Approval of Shortlists April / June 2004 NBI Sec./ADB 10 Recruitment of Consultants and NGO July / September 2004 NELSAP-CU 11 Training and Community Capacity October 2004 PCU/NGO building activities 12 Procurement of Equipment April – June 2004 PCU/NELSAP 13 Submission of Inception Report and August 2004 PCU/Firm Orientation Workshop 14 Conduct Fisheries Studies Sept.2004 – December 05 Firm/Counter part staff 15 Regional Project Steering Committee September 2004 PCU 2nd meeting 16 Establish co-management activities September 2004 NGO/PCU 17 Selection of sub-projects September 2004 RPSC/PCU 18 Implementation of sub-projects September 2004 – April NGO/PCU 2006 19 Regional Project Steering Committee 3rd March 2005 PCU meeting 20 Quarterly Progress Reports QTR PCU 21 Audit Report 6 Mon. end of each Fin. PCU Year 22 Submission of Final Reports July 2006 PCU 23 Final Stakeholders’ (including donors) August 2006 PCU Workshop Annex 7: Environmental and Social Management Plan Summary
Project Title: Lakes Edward and Albert Fisheries Pilot Project Project Number: Country: Multinational: DRC and Uganda Environmental Category: II Department: ONAR Division: ONAR.1 a) Brief description of the project and key environmental and social components The following are the pilot project components: 1. Fisheries Studies and Preparation of Lakes Management Plan that will include preparation of detailed Environmental and Social Management Plan; 2. Community Co-Management of Lakes Edward and Albert that will include sensitisation on natural resources management; 3. Community Development Activities that will include water supply, food processing and marketing development on demand driven basis and related technical support services; and 4. Pilot Project Coordination and Institutional support. b) Major environmental and social impacts Positive Impacts: Reduce trans-boundary conflicts and enhance regional cooperation; Minimise degradation of fish breeding habitats; Generate employment opportunities for the local communities through community activities; Improve food production at the house-hold level and Improve food security; Lessons learned from the implementation of the pilot project available for subsequent projects; Communities aware of their role in development of their areas; Reliable information and data available on social indicators of the pilot areas Empowerment and involvement of marginalized sections/groups of the community; Local community participation and ensuring equitable sharing of benefits; Harmonising fishing policies and regulations with the aim of reducing conflicts on the lakes. Negative Impacts: The following risks are foreseen:
Increased pressure on the surrounding environment due to unplanned settlements; Risk of instability in fish prices and/or markets. Over-fishing due to influx of fishermen to project sites; Use of inappropriate fishing gears; Pollution increase around fish landing sites; and Boats capsizing.
On the other hand, the pilot project is subject to a risk due to external environmental hazards that needs a special attention in project implementation. The following external risk is foreseen: Social instability that include emergence of community violence, civil war, and border disputes are phenomena that may generate social instability and can lead to migration, disruption of food chain, injury, epidemics and mortality. c) Enhancement and mitigation program Fishing activities will avoid destruction of sensitive environs and areas of extensive fish habitation such as breeding lagoons; and Establishment of Lake Edward and Lake Albert Authority: In order to develop a common approach for fishery management, protection of lake environment and integrated development of all the lakes’ resources, establishment of a bilateral authority is proposed that should in the long run avail creation of a convention on sustainable management of Lake Edward and Albert .
In addition to the above, the following general measures will be undertaken to further enhance environmental and social management: Communities will be educated to refrain from indiscriminate fishing practices and destruction of fish breeding grounds, as well as from indiscriminate defecation, waste disposal and/or pollution of local soil and water resources. Page 2 of 2 d) Monitoring program and complementary initiatives The pilot project staff will work closely with the DRC and Uganda National Environmental Protection Agencies, both at national and local levels, to monitor any possible environmental impacts, which may result from pilot project implementation and will adhere to environmental regulations and standards in accordance with the Environmental Regulations of the riparian countries. The two agencies have overseeing function to ensure that monitoring is conducted and that the developer takes all necessary action to implement any recommendations arising out of any such monitoring. Both Governments and the Bank Supervision missions will follow up the preparation of the ESMP for subsequent investment program prepared by the pilot project. e) Institutional arrangements and capacity building requirements A Project Coordination Unit (PCU) will be established within NBI Secretariat and be supervised by the Regional Pilot Project Steering Committee. The PCU will liase with different implementing institutions. The Project Coordinator will be responsible for the overall coordination and management of the pilot project, and will report to the NBI Secretariat. Implementing institutions include the study firm, an NGO and the two riparian states. Monitoring of environmental management will be the responsibility of the PCU in close collaboration with the two Governments. ______f) Public consultations and disclosure requirements The pilot project is designed to operate in a participatory approach where all activities are to be implemented in close collaboration with the beneficiaries. During preparation and appraisal specific comments were received from the public concerning potential environmental and social impacts of the project. The issues raised were followed up at meetings with the Environmental Protection Authorities, NGOs and other stakeholders and considered in the final pilot project design. g) Estimated costs Costs of the environmental and social management of the project are built in the project cost as all activities were mainstreamed in the project design. h) Implementation schedule and reporting The environmental management and monitoring will be implemented following the same project schedule as all activities were mainstreamed in the pilot project design. Progress in implementation of activities will be monitored closely and reported in the pilot project quarterly progress reports and in case of problems arising, they will be timely addressed by the project management team, the DRC and Uganda Governments, and the communities.