Respecting & Connecting Communities

Respecting Respecting & Connecting Communities & Connecting Communities

Building Positive Relations between the Traveller and Settled Communities An Integrated Approach to Relationship Building An Integrated Approach to Relationship Building An Integrated

DAn éagsúlacú ht a ch n u im s iú l a g u s

a n

c a h

i l i

d g a y h t i s

v i

d Donegal County Development Board e

n i

t n

d G

Bord Forbartha Chontae Dhún na nGall

n o i

a a

m e l D l

Comhairle Chontae Dhún na nGall Donegal County Council

Project supported by PEACE III Programme managed for the Special EU Programmes Body by Donegal County Council First published 2012

By Respecting & Connecting Communities, Social Inclusion Unit, Donegal County Council, Community, Culture and Planning, Station Island, Lifford, County Donegal.

Contact: Social Inclusion Unit, Donegal County Council.

Tel: 074 917 2531 Fax: 074 914 2130

Website: www.donegalcoco.ie

Design: Carton LeVert.

Resource Guide Compiled By: Catherine Anne Kelly, Social Inclusion Unit, Donegal County Council.

Contributors: Julie Costello.

The view and opinions expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission or the Special EU Programmes Body. Respecting & Connecting Communities

A publication based on the experiences of the Respecting & Connecting Communities Project 2 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

Table of Contents

Foreword 4

Acknowledgements 5

Chapter 1 Introduction 6

1.1 Project Aims and Objectives 8

Chapter 2 Responding Collaboratively to Conflict 12

2.1 Introduction 13

2.2 Development of Integrated Framework 14

2.3 Key Stakeholders 17

2.4 Operating Structure 18

2.5 Operating Procedures 18

Chapter 3 Piloting the Integrated Framework 22

3.1 Introduction 23

3.2 Pilot Areas 23

3.3 Project Structure Overview 25

3.4 Community Stakeholder Groups 26

3.5 Key Conflict Factors 27

3.6 Analysis of Parties Involved 30

3.7 Parties Prospects of Resolving Conflict 30

3.8 Detail Current Responses 31

3.9 Deliver Actions 31

3.10 Review and Evaluate 34

3.11 Key Lessons and Recommendations 36 3

Chapter 4 Traveller Culture and Social Interaction between Communities 38

4.1 Introduction 39

4.2 Programme of Events and Activities 40

4.3 Key Lessons and Recommendations 44

Chapter 5 Traveller Culture and the Media’s Role in Racism and Sectarianism 46

5.1 Introduction 47

5.2 Media Strategy and Development 48

5.3 Process/Methodology Followed 49

5.4 Basis for Article Selection 50

5.5 Record of Article Submission and Publication 52

5.6 Article Submission: Successes/Challenges 53

5.7 Internet Site: Successes/Challenges 54

5.8 Radio Interviews: Successes/Challenges 55

5.9 Media Event and Focus Groups: Successes/Challenges 56

5.10 Key Lessons Learned 58

5.11 Evaluation/Impact 59

Chapter 6 Conclusion and Recommendations 60

Appendices 66

Appendix 1 Group Membership 67

Appendix 2 Glossary of Terms 69

Appendix 3 Bibliography 69

Appendix 4 Pilot Areas: Action Plans 70 4 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

Foreword

The idea of community may simply come down to supporting and interacting positively with other individuals who share a common interest, whether your interest is in the well-being of your family or extends to the well-being of your community. Strong communities benefit the individual, as well as greater society.

The Respecting & Connecting Communities Project is a PEACE III funded project, which aims to build positive relations between the Traveller and settled communities in Donegal. This project was set up under the Donegal Peace III Action Plans 2008-2010 and 2011–2013 and based within the Social Inclusion Unit of Donegal County Council.

The Respecting & Connecting Communities Steering Committee consists of representatives from local government, state agencies and the community and voluntary sectors and represents a commitment to prioritise the building of relationships between the Traveller and settled communities.

The report that follows is a culmination of the learning gained from the range of initiatives delivered by the project over its lifetime. We hope that this report will serve to act as a resource to others from the community, voluntary & statutory sectors who are working towards similar aims and objectives.

Ireland is referred to as now being a culturally diverse country; the fact is that Ireland’s Traveller community has represented a source of cultural diversity in Ireland for hundreds of years. Cultural differences can hold the potential for celebration, respect and positive interaction. It is important that we use this potential as an opportunity to build and develop relationships for our welfare and that of our communities.

“The good we secure for ourselves is precarious and uncertain until it is secured for all of us and incorporated into our common life”— JANE ADDAMS

Mícheál Ó hÉanaígh Director of Community, Culture & Planning Donegal County Council 5

Acknowledgements

A large number of people have been involved in the delivery of this project and the Respecting & Connecting Communities Steering Committee would like to thank all who have contributed their time, information and expertise in order to extend our collective understanding of the issues facing the building of more positive relations between the Traveller and settled communities in Donegal at this time.

We would like to specifically acknowledge the following groups and organisations for their contribution and support during the delivery of the project:

• Donegal County Development Board;

• Donegal CDB Peace and Reconciliation Partnership;

• Donegal CDB Interagency Group on Traveller Issues.

We would also like to thank the members of the local Community Stakeholder Group, who not only guided but also delivered and participated in the dedicated activities in their area.

Thanks to the funders of the project – PEACE III Programme managed for the Special EU Programmes Body by Donegal County Council.

We would like to give a special thanks to the members of the Integrated Framework Working Group, including Siobhán McLaughlin, Hugh Friel, Ita Ward, Fergus McAteer, Maire O’Leary, Cróna Gallagher, Anne Marie Conlon, Mary Surpless, Vivienne Doherty, Sgt. Sarah Hargadon and Sgt. Michael Galvin, as it is due to their dedication and commitment that the development of the integrated framework was made possible.

Steering Committee Respecting & Connecting Communities – 2012 Chapter 1 Introduction

Partnership involves collaboration, mutual trust and respect, a common analysis of what the problem is, a commitment to solidarity, equality in the relationship, an explicit focus on process, and the importance of language9. 7 / INTRODUCTION

The findings in this publication are the result of an examination of the experiences of the Respecting & Connecting Communities Project set up to build better relations between the Traveller and settled communities in County Donegal over the last two and a half years.

This publication aims to encapsulate the learning from the project and, in the course of doing so, seeks to provide a resource to others from the community, voluntary and statutory sector who are engaged in relationship building work between the Traveller and settled communities.

The Respecting & Connecting Communities Project is a PEACE III funded project set up under the Donegal Peace III Action Plans 2008-2010 and 2011–2013 and based within the Social Inclusion Unit of Donegal County Council. The project is being delivered within the context of the Donegal CDB Interagency Group on Traveller issues. The project will have ceased as of the end of July, 2012. Partnership involves collaboration, mutual trust and respect, a common The rationale for the Respecting & Connecting Communities Project and analysis of what the problem is, a commitment to solidarity, equality in the indeed projects with similar aims and objectives was clearly set in a 2007

9 report commissioned by the CDB Interagency Group on Traveller issues, relationship, an explicit focus on process, and the importance of language . which referred to the Building Ethnic Peace Project, carried out by Donegal Travellers Project, and described the following as the current situation in Donegal:

“Where there is a lack of any real interaction between the settled and Traveller community and where communal tensions exist resulting in individuals from both communities feeling anxious, worried and frustrated and often leading to demonstrations of aggressive behaviour”.

“The main battlefield for good is not the open ground of the

public area, but the small clearing in each heart.” YANN MARTEL, LIFE OF PI

This report will document the steps taken by the project in order to meet the project objectives together with documenting the learning gained from their delivery. Through this approach this report seeks to provide a clear picture of what the project has achieved during its lifetime whilst also providing a resource to other projects.

The appendices include those documents as outlined in the table of contents. 8 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

1.1 Project Aims and Objectives

The Respecting & Connecting Communities Steering Committee1 was established to guide and steer the project towards meeting its aims and objectives. The Steering Committee is comprised of key stakeholders in the County. Members of the Steering Group are listed in Appendix 1.1. The following three aims were identified by the Steering Committee as key to building better relations between the Traveller and settled communities:

1. To develop clarity as to how to respond collaboratively to conflict situations between the Traveller and the wider settled communities.

2. To enhance recognition and awareness of Traveller culture and provide opportunities for greater interaction between both communities.

3. To maximise the potential of the media in enhancing recognition of Traveller culture and wider cultural diversity and to explore its role in dealing with attitudes towards sectarianism and racism.

To achieve the project aims the following objectives were agreed to build better relations between the Traveller and settled communities:

1. a. Explore Traveller/settled conflict in Donegal by documenting experiences of individuals, groups and communities from both perspectives and work in a collaborative fashion with key stakeholders to develop good practice guidelines for dealing with a range of conflict situations.

b. Agree on an interagency basis a framework for dealing with and addressing conflict situations and/or tensions between Traveller/ settled communities. This will include developing a shared agreement on role, responsibilities and responses of each relevant agency/ stakeholder in conflict situations.

c. Apply and test the applicability of good practice guidelines within the context of agreed framework at a grassroots level.

d. Explore opportunities to address collaboratively some of the underlying causes of conflict and tensions between both communities.

1. The Respecting & Connecting Communities Steering Committee will be referred to as the “Steering Committee” throughout the balance of the document. 9 / INTRODUCTION

2. Organise a range of activities and events to provide opportunities for greater interaction between both communities as well as providing opportunities to enhance recognition and awareness of Traveller culture.

3. Enhance recognition and awareness of Traveller culture and wider cultural diversity through the proactive portrayal of positive news stories and images in the local media. This will also involve working closely with the local media to highlight its vital role in dealing with attitudes towards sectarianism and racism and complying with code of practice in terms of reporting incidents relating to minority communities.

It is also important to note at this stage that while the project’s aims and objectives in themselves are separate and distinct, in terms of delivery, implementing them collaboratively so that they served to inform and complement each other proved the most effective way of achieving the overall aim of the project.

Furthermore, the Steering Committee identified the following as challenges to building better relationships at the outset of the project:

• How to address deep-rooted sentiments? Addressing social change and economic factors in conflict.

• Empowering the two sides to build relationships with each other and to respect each other’s view.

• Overcoming prejudices and mistrust on both sides.

• Acceptance, can we make a difference? 10 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

1.1.1 Partnership Approach In order to both meet the aims and objectives and address the challenges outlined above the Steering Committee proposed a partnership approach involving consultation, co-operation and collaborative action with all relevant parties throughout the delivery of the project. This partnership approach was carried throughout all aspects of the project and in itself represents one of the key successes of the project.

1.1.2 Visioning for Success From the outset the Steering Committee noted that shared agreement and clear consensus in the delivery of the project was vital and, to ensure that this was achieved, the Steering Committee took part in a one-day facilitated “Visioning Session”. The purpose of the session included “to collectively agree on the overall longer-term vision for this project and translate this vision into achievable goals, targets and outputs”.

Participants agreed the following vision for the project:

In one year, our vision is to have …

• A group of Travellers and settled people working together on a community project in their areas in … [Pilot Areas]2;

• The issues named and a response in place to address them;

• Mutual understanding between the Traveller and settled communities;

• An understanding within the settled community of the oppression experienced by Travellers.

2. In order to maintain the anonymity of those who took part in the various initiatives during the project, the exact location of the pilot areas shall be kept confidential. 11 / INTRODUCTION

A five year vision of the project is that Donegal would become a diverse and just society where:

• The Traveller and settled communities would live in harmony, celebrating and respecting difference in a culture of trust, respect, understanding and acceptance;

• All cultures are celebrated and equality is a reality and not a buzzword;

• Power sharing takes place reflected in Traveller participation in decision making which affects their futures;

• Travellers have a sense of belonging, confidence and a stake in the community they live in.

The identification of the vision, objectives and key areas of work necessary for the project to achieve its goal of building positive relations between the Traveller and settled communities allowed a detailed action plan with agreed targets and outputs to be put in place. Chapter 2 Responding Collaboratively to Conflict 13 / RESPONDING COLLABORATIVELY TO CONFLICT

2.1 Introduction

Conflict can be threatening and destructive. heT damaging nature of conflict for those affected, whether directly or indirectly, is impossible to quantify in terms of its negative impact on everyday life. The Respecting & Connecting Communities Project in its initial proposal recognised that any interventions aimed at building positive relations between the Traveller and settled communities must also incorporate measures aimed at addressing situations where conflict has arisen or where there is a risk of conflict.

The primary action undertaken by the project in order to develop clarity as to how to respond collaboratively to conflict situations between the Traveller and settled communities was to agree on an interagency basis a framework for dealing with and addressing conflict situations and/or tensions between Traveller/settled communities. This included developing a shared agreement on the role, responsibilities and responses of each relevant agency/stake holder in conflict situations. In addition the project aimed to promote conflict resolution and mediation at local level by developing a set of good practice guidelines that each of the relevant stakeholders could subscribe to and which can be utilised within the context of the shared framework developed.

The project also undertook case studies in selected areas with a view to exploring Traveller/settled conflict in Donegal, the findings of which fed into the development of the integrated framework.

This section of the report will look at the processes followed during the development of the integrated framework for addressing conflict between the Traveller and settled communities and presents various key aspects of the framework, which in itself can be used as a good practice approach to dealing with conflict situations. Chapter Three will then look at the learning gained from the steps taken in implementing measures under the integrated framework.

“In Ireland the relationship between the Traveller community and the majority population is one which is often characterised by hostility, prejudice, discrimination and conflict.” 3

3. Pavee Point Travellers Centre, Mediation Programme, http: www.paveepoint.ie. 14 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

2.2 Development of Integrated Framework

Conflict can also provide an opportunity to bring about positive change, depending on our ability and willingness to handle conflict situations in a way that creates positive outcomes for all concerned4.

The first step in the development of the integrated framework was the establishment of the Integrated Framework Working Group, a sub-group of the project’s Steering Committee. Members of the Integrated Framework Working Group are listed at Appendix 1.2. The representatives were individuals working at a grassroots level with members of the Traveller and settled communities, and would be involved in responding to conflict between the Traveller and settled communities, should it arise.

Following the establishment of the Integrated Framework Working Group, a series of dedicated workshops and meetings were held with both the Working Group and the Steering Committee with a view to developing the integrated framework. This included a day-long facilitated workshop which incorporated drama and role plays to allow attendees to understand both the nature and the reality of conflict between the Traveller and settled communities at both an interpersonal and organisational level. The drama element was particularly significant as some situations were impossible to solve, thus allowing attendees to experience firsthand the reality of the situations giving rise to conflict.

The workshop helped to reveal feelings/prejudices in a safe manner/place.

Opening up thinking about situations in different ways and how I can perceive things.

The information exchanged and the agreements reached during these workshops, when combined, led to the drafting of the integrated framework, which represented a commitment to an agreed methodology for conflict resolution, with the aim of responding to conflict in a coherent and integrated manner should it arise.

4. Blaché-Breen Francine, “The Community Work Approach to Peacebuilding”, Community Workers` Co-operative Donegal Network [2011]. 15 / RESPONDING COLLABORATIVELY TO CONFLICT

The following sections will set out the relevant detail of the integrated frame work5. This framework is a work in progress and should be subject to regular review and amendment by the shared experience of relevant stakeholders.

2.2.1 2.2.2 Aims & Objectives Scope of Integrated Framework of Integrated Framework The role of the framework is to “address This framework is specifically intended to conflict situations and/or tensions meet the following aims and objectives between the Traveller and settled and is to act as a complement to all communities, including situations where existing plans and/or strategies in place there is a risk of conflict”. The application within individual organisations/agencies of a clear, structured and, more or indeed strategies currently in place importantly, limited definition of “conflict” between key stakeholders: and “tension” is fundamental in the a. To demonstrate clear commitment and preparation of this framework in order to shared responsibility in addressing avoid the dilution of its effectiveness. For conflict or the risk of conflict, if and the purposes of the integrated framework, when it arises between the Traveller clear definitions of “conflict”, “tension” and and settled communities. “risk of conflict” must be laid out, however b. To give guidance and put in place a it is also important to firstly acknowledge formal structure including clarity on the following characteristics of Traveller roles and responsibilities. and settled conflict: c. To produce more effective and Characteristics efficient responses to address conflict • Each situation is unique and complex. situations. Conflicts are multi-dimensional and cannot be understood in terms of d. To document mechanisms to deal with one single factor, as they result from conflict situations as and when they a complex interaction and overlap of arise. various conflict issues. e. To define the Traveller/settled conflict • Many problems are deep-rooted and and differentiate between individual, structural, and accordingly change is group and area based conflict. often gradual and incremental. f. To change attitudes & promote • Power differentials are often a factor communication within the Traveller & and need to be openly acknowledged settled communities. and procedures put in place to g. To identify gaps in current procedures address this as far as possible. in place to deal with conflict as and • The experience of discrimination and when it arises and agree on ways to racism remains a feature of Traveller address those gaps. lives and must be addressed within h. To document procedural policy this framework. changes when required. • Procedures and practices can reflect a i. To support frontline people providing lack of acceptance of Traveller culture services and supports. and identity, and can involve controls j. To prevent conflict. placed on Travellers in excess of those k. To transform conflict. placed on members of the settled communities in similar circumstances.

5. Respecting & Connecting Communities Project, “Integrated Framework for Addressing Conflict between the Traveller and Settled Communities”, Social Inclusion Unit, Donegal County Council [2011]. 16 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

• There may be a history of difficult and 1. Values sometimes acrimonious relationships Example: Conflicts based on culture, between Travellers and certain race or ethnicity. agencies, and subsequently any 2. Intercommunity Relationships conflict resolution measures must be Example: Conflicts based on anti- cognisant of this. social behaviour or bullying between • Travellers are not a homogenous communities. group; there are different cultural traits 3. Resources among different Travellers and indeed Example: Conflicts often occur over settled people. This needs to be real or perceived scarcity of resources. acknowledged and different responses Unauthorised encampments are may need to be developed. a clear example of conflicts that • The effects and impact of conflict arise due to scarcity of resources or between the Traveller and settled perceived scarcity of resources.

communities are multiple, varied and 4. History sometimes severe. Example: Conflicts can result from a

• In conflict, human beings often have history of slights. Sometimes the core an emotional response. of these conflicts goes back many years. 2.2.3 5. Structural What is a Conflict or Tension? Example: Conflicts can occur over Conflict is a disagreement through how to deal with structural realities which the parties involved perceive which exist outside the immediate a threat to their needs, interests or issues arising from the conflict. The concerns. A conflict is more than a mere implementation of the Habitual disagreement – it is a situation in which Residence Clause is legislation people perceive a threat (physical, enacted at a national level which has emotional, power, financial) to their had implications at a local level for well-being. Traveller/settled relations. Tension can represent barely controlled 6. Psychological hostility or strained relationships Example: Conflicts can be caused or between individuals, groups or maintained due to the psychological communities. needs of people. A conflict arising This framework shall apply to conflicts and from discrimination or lack of tensions between the Traveller and settled recognition would be an example. communities that have one or more of the below elements as the root cause, thus 2.2.4 What is Risk of Conflict? clearly setting down the parameters within which this framework is to operate: Probability or threat of conflict which will result in damage, injury, liability, loss or other negative occurrence, caused by external or internal factors, and which may be neutralised through premeditated action. 17 / RESPONDING COLLABORATIVELY TO CONFLICT

2.2.5 2.3 Key Stakeholders Geographical Area The key organisations and agencies This framework shall apply to conflict and outlined in Figure 2.3.1 below represent and/or tensions between the Traveller the central or core structures of and the settled communities in County this integrated approach to conflict Donegal. resolution. These organisations have 2.2.6 been instrumental in both the design and Specific Exclusions on-the-ground delivery of the framework. Any conflict situation deemed to be The consultation process during the or agreed amongst stakeholders to be development of the integrated framework outside the jurisdiction of the integrated also involved the formal appointment of framework, e.g. where the presenting representatives by organisations to the issues are a criminal matter. integrated framework.

Figure 2.3.1

A N HEALTH SERVICE GARDA SÍOCHÁNA EXECUTIVE

INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK

DONEGAL COUNTY DONEGAL TRAVELLERS PROJECT VOCATIONAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE

DONEGAL COUNTY COUNCIL 18 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

2.4 Operating Structure 2.4.2 Integrated Framework Manager This framework operates through the The commitment from middle and senior Integrated Framework Working Group6, management to an integrated approach which consists of representatives from to conflict resolution is a key component each of the key stakeholders referred to the effectiveness of this framework. to above. The role of the Working The Integrated Framework Manager role Group is to identify emerging or actual and responsibilities include committing conflict situations between the Traveller to recognise the role of the Integrated and settled communities and, where Framework Officer and to highlight the appropriate, implement an integrated role of the integrated framework within response aimed at alleviating and/or their organisation. resolving the situation. The procedures to be followed by the Working Group once a conflict has been identified are set out 2.5 Operating Procedures under the heading Operating Procedures. The following steps are to be followed by the Working Group in the event of 2.4.1 Integrated Framework Officer conflict and/or tensions arising between the Traveller and settled communities Representatives from key stakeholders or where there is a risk of conflict. The who are part of the Working Group are procedures were largely taken from the known as Integrated Framework Officers. United Nations Interagency Framework for Their role and responsibilities include conflict analysis in transition situations, committing to supporting and promoting November 2004. the integrated framework, convening meetings of the Working Group when appropriate and following through on agreed actions in a timely and efficient manner.

6. The Integrated Framework Working Group will be referred to as the “Working Group” throughout the balance of the document. 19 / RESPONDING COLLABORATIVELY TO CONFLICT

2.5.1 Procedures

Stage 1: Conflict Analysis Step 1 Analysis of Key Conflict Factors Working Group Step 2 Analysis of Parties Involved Working Group Step 3 Analysis of Parties Prospects of Resolving the Conflict Working Group

Stage 2: Analysis of Ongoing Responses Step 1 Detail Current Responses Working Group Step 2 Assessment of the Impact of Ongoing Reponses Working Group

Stage 3: Strategic Actions for Conflict Resolution Step 1 Strategic Recommendation for Resolution of Conflict Working Group Middle/ Senior Mgt.

Step 2 Deliver Actions Integrated Response

Step 3 Review & Evaluate Working Group

Step 4 Recommendations for Conflict Prevention

2.5.2 Stage 1

Step 1: Analysis of Key Conflict Factors Identify key structural and proximate conflict factors affecting the conflict situation. Identify immediate conflict triggers in order to anticipate possible events or processes that may exacerbate the conflict.

Structural vs. Proximate

Structural Conflict Factors Proximate Conflict Factors

Factors that may be built into legislation, Immediate factors that are contributing policies, structures and the culture of to the conflict often are symptomatic of society and may create the preconditions deeper problems.

for the conflict. Examples:

Examples: • Anti-Social Behaviour

• Political/Governance • Discrimination

• Habitual Residence Clause • Accommodation Issues • Cultural Differences 20 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

Structural and proximate factors can occur Step 3: at a national and local level. The process Analysis of Parties’ Prospects of of differentiation can be difficult, i.e. in Resolving the Conflict some cases they can double up; cultural At this juncture it is useful to further differences can arguably be a proximate assess the parties’ prospects of resolving factor and a structural factor. Different the situation and any potential “spoiler” factors vary in their importance and can with an interest in the maintenance of the reinforce each other. status quo.

The objective is to identify a set of key 2.5.3 proximate and structural issues which, if Stage 2 unaddressed over the short and longer- Step 1: term, will potentially contribute to the Detail Current Responses recurrence of conflict. What are the current services and While it may be outside the capabilities supports currently dedicated to the parties of the key stakeholders to remedy the involved? It may be particularly useful to structural factors, they must be noted and highlight which activities are undertaken published as issues. on an inter-agency basis as compared to an individual basis. Step 2: Analysis of Parties Involved Step 2: The term “parties” refers to individuals, Assessment of the Impact of groups and institutions engaged in, as Ongoing Responses well as being affected by, the conflict. It is Outline gaps in the provision of services necessary to identify the parties as well as and supports to the parties or where identify what drives them to act in the way services are having a positive impact. This they are behaving. This step focuses on step will identify the need to strengthen the shorter-term interests and motivations ongoing interventions and programs or and will facilitate the analysis of the the need to refocus ongoing interventions. proximate and structural factors.

At this stage the Working Group may decide to invite the individuals or representatives of the groups affected by conflict to join the Working Group.

The Working Group at this stage may also request other groups, organisations or agencies to join the group as necessary e.g. representatives from FÁS, the Social Welfare Office or local community groups. 21 / RESPONDING COLLABORATIVELY TO CONFLICT

2.5.4 2.5.5 Stage 3 Absent Stakeholders

Step 1: While efforts should be made to Strategic Recommendations for ensure the participation of all relevant Resolution of Conflict stakeholders in the resolution of a conflict, The objective of Stage 3 is to draw up a some stakeholders may prove reticent to shared strategic response to the conflict be part of this process. Opportunities for situation and will involve the Working engagement may nonetheless reside in Group outlining proposed actions aimed the ability to frame the exercise as non- at resolving the conflict situation. threatening, building on language and entry points that are acceptable to them. The Working Group may determine that middle or senior management input or 2.5.6 decision-making is required. The relevant Integrated Framework Going Forward manager will be requested by their Data collection and the production of an representative to review the matter and objective analysis of the factors impacting if necessary attend the Working Group on the conflict remain a key component meeting to obtain their input. of the successful application of the Step 2: framework. The information obtained Deliver Actions will ensure that decisions are made on Identified actions to be delivered on an correct information this so as to mitigate integrated basis. against subjectivity and bias, to help bring

Step 3: clarity on issues of “causes vs. effects” and Review & Evaluate to help with the further prioritisation of Conflict situation to be monitored and conflict factors and issues. actions amended as required. Learning to 2.5.7 be drawn from conflict situation. Plan Review and Update Step 4: As referred to above, this framework by Recommendations for its nature is a continual work in progress. Conflict Prevention This framework will be amended and up- Based on learning collated from conflict dated as and when necessary following situations, recommendations for future consultation with key stakeholders and conflict prevention are to be drawn up subsequent agreement of the Donegal and issued to appropriate stakeholders. CDB Interagency Group on Traveller issues. Chapter 3 Piloting the Integrated Framework 23 / PILOTING THE INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK

3.1 Introduction

The integrated framework in itself represents a shared agreement or commitment to an agreed methodology to conflict resolution; however again, the aim of the framework is to address conflict between communities, and without the active and meaningful engagement of those individuals and communities affected by conflict, the aims and objectives of the framework would never be realised.

As referred to previously, the most effective way of achieving the overall aim of the project was to ensure that individual actions informed and complemented one another, where for example an action aimed at increasing the capacity of participants to deal with conflict situations also resulted in promoting social interaction between communities7.

It is therefore important to note that while each of the project’s key aims and objectives are dealt with separately by this publication, the actions delivered to meet those aims and objectives were implemented collaboratively, particularly after the integrated framework had been put in place.

Faced with each new instance of conflict, new solutions must be devised that are appropriate to the particular history and culture in question8.

3.2 Pilot Areas

The Working Group together with the Steering Committee proposed that the framework should initially be piloted in two areas in Donegal, and further that it would be delivered in collaboration with the communities living in those areas. Two individual areas were selected based on the following:

• There is a history of conflict between members of the Traveller and settled communities living in the area.

• Conflict between members of the two communities is ongoing or occurring on a frequent basis.

7. An example of this would be Donegal Travellers Project’s delivery of Restorative Justice training.

8. Bloomfield D, Barnes T, and Huyse. L, “Reconciliation after Violent Conflict, A Handbook” The International IDEA Handbook Series [2003]. 24 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

In addition to the above, negative news coverage relating to these areas had been publicised in the local media. This is also important given that one of the aims of the project is to work with the media in order to enhance recognition of Traveller culture and to explore the media’s role in dealing with attitudes towards sectarianism and racism.

The following sets out a brief description of the different dynamics in each of the pilot areas in terms of Traveller/settled relationships, which will be referred to as Pilot Area A and Pilot Area B for the balance of the document.

Pilot Area A: This area consisted of a group of several housing estates totalling 484 houses located in a large town in Donegal. The ratio of Traveller families to settled families was in the region of 12:110, although this was always subject to fluctuation. This area had some local authority housing, although a large proportion of dwellings were private rented accommodation. The following is an extract from a case study conducted on the area at the outset of the project aimed at exploring the relationship between the two communities in the area:

“….. it cannot be simply said that Traveller families and settled families in the area are in conflict with each other. There are Traveller families and their settled neighbours who enjoy good relations with each other. Equally there are Traveller families who have issues with other Traveller families and indeed settled families who are in conflict with other settled families. The situation is extremely complex and is not as simple as Traveller/settled conflict”.

Pilot Area B: This area consisted of a single local authority housing estate totalling 52 houses in a town in Donegal. The ratio of Traveller families to settled families was 26:1. This area experienced instances of high intensity conflict between the two communities.

9. Wilson M & Whitmore E, “Understanding Community Participation” [1997].

10. Based on 2009 figures. 25 / PILOTING THE INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK

In terms of a distinction between the conflicts ongoing in each pilot area, it may be useful to refer to Johan Galtung’s11 Negative Peace concept, where negative peace is a condition characterised by the absence of war and direct violence. Relationships between the two communities in Pilot Area A could be described as being in a state of negative peace, where overt conflict is minimal, however the major causes of conflict are still there, including cultural, structural and economic. Pilot Area B, on the other hand as referred to above, has experienced periods of high intensity conflict. The distinction in the nature of the conflict together with the difference in size resulted in a different approach being adopted by the project in each of the pilot areas as will be demonstrated below

3.3 Project Structure Overview

By way of project structure overview, Figure 3.3.1 sets out the project structure for the overall Respecting & Connecting Communities Project, which includes the following groups and committees:

Steering Committee: The Steering Committee was responsible for overseeing and guiding the delivery of the project. The Steering Committee was also responsible for providing support and acting as a champion for the project. Please see Appendix 1.1 for a full list of membership.

Integrated Framework Working Group: The Working Group was responsible for co-ordinating the roll-out of the integrated framework and for identifying emerging or actual conflict situations between the Traveller and settled communities. Please see appendix 1.2 for a full list of membership.

Community Stakeholder Group: The local Community Stakeholder Group’s role was to discuss and identify factors affecting the relationship between the Traveller and settled communities in their area, together with designing, developing and where possible implementing actions aimed at building positive relations between the two communities in collaboration with the Respecting & Connecting Communities Project. The membership of this group is not named in order to maintain the anonymity of the pilot areas. The role of the Community Stakeholder Group is dealt with in detail at point 3.4.1.

11. Norweigan sociologist and principal founder of the discipline of Peace and Conflict Studies. 26 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

Figure 3.3.1 Project Structure

STEERING COMMITTEE

INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK

INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK WORKING GROUP

LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL COMMUNITY STAKEHOLDER GROUP STAKEHOLDER GROUP PILOT AREA A PILOT AREA B

3.4 Community Stakeholder Groups

Following the selection of the pilot areas, the next step was to engage with the local community with the aim of bringing together members of the community to collaborate with the project in building positive relations between the Traveller and settled communities in the area.

In respect of Pilot Area A, the establishment of the Community Stakeholder Group for the area was greatly facilitated due to the presence of a Community Safety Forum12. The Forum was a sub-group of the Joint Policing Committee for the area and was a pilot initiative established to bring together relevant local community, statutory, voluntary organisations and public representatives for the benefit of the community. Residents were appointed as community representatives and would attend monthly meetings with representatives from a range of local community, statutory and voluntary organisations together with public representatives in order to discuss issues affecting the area. Following the submission of a request, the Forum agreed to appoint a sub-group of the overall Forum to act as the Community Stakeholder Group to collaborate with the Respecting & Connecting Communities Project in the area.

12. The Community Safety Forum will be referred to as the “Forum” throughout the balance of the document. 27 / PILOTING THE INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK

In respect of Pilot Area B, following an analysis of the current situation, the Working Group felt that it would not be possible to set up a functional community stakeholder group at the outset due to the nature of the relationships in the area. For this reason, a community mediator was employed initially, to work with the various individuals, families and groups in the area. This is set out in further detail at 3.9.1. In parallel with the community mediation in Pilot Area B, a sub-group of youth service providers was set up in the area to respond to issues affecting young people in the area as outlined in Table 3.5.

3.4.1 Role of the Community Stakeholder Groups The role of the Community Stakeholder Group in Pilot Area A was as follows:

• Discuss and identify factors affecting the relationship between the Traveller and settled communities in their area.

• Provide expertise, advice and input into the delivery of possible actions aimed at building positive relations between the Traveller and settled communities in the area.

• Design, develop and where possible implement actions aimed at building positive relations between the two communities in collaboration with the Respecting & Connecting Communities Project.

• Collaborate with the Respecting & Connecting Communities Integrated Framework Working Group, Steering Committee and the Community Safety Forum.

• Promote and encourage Traveller/settled participation in the activities agreed upon by the group in the local area.

• Document the successes and challenges encountered at a local level in developing positive relations between the two communities.

Another key role of the Community Stakeholder Group and the Youth Service Provider Sub-group was their collaboration with Donegal Travellers Project in the design and delivery of programmes of activities aimed at promoting social interaction between the Traveller and settled communities. This will be dealt with in more detail in Chapter 4.

3.5 Key Conflict Factors

The following were issues identified by the Working, Community Stakeholder and Youth Service Provider Groups as factors that can create conflict or negatively impact on the relationship between members of the Traveller and settled communities in both pilot areas. These factors were identified through a series of dedicated workshops and meetings with the respective groups during project delivery: 28 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

Table 3.5

Factor Structural Proximate

1. Lack of socio–economic planning. / /

2. Cultural differences. /

3. Nomadism. / /

4. Minority/majority community dynamic. /

5. History of poor relationships. /

6. Racism. / /

7. Cutbacks to services. / /

8. Crime & burglaries in an area. / /

9. Young people engaged in anti-social behaviour. / /

10. Lack of services and supports available / / to young people.

11. Parental conflicts being carried down to children. /

12. Responsibilities of parents. /

13. Poor image of an area. / /

14. Lack of communication and absence of / / relationships between the two communities.

15. Expectations and relationships with institutions. / /

16. Media. / / 29 / PILOTING THE INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK

Current Impact

• People experiencing many of the same socio-economic problems in one area. • People are exposed to class divides. • Awareness of feeling different.

• Cultural differences lead to tensions between some families.

• Families living on roadside with nowhere else to go. • Concern for welfare of family and children. • Further isolation of family from wider settled communities. • Anger and frustration from wider communities leading to confrontation. • Exacerbated though lack of transient halting sites.

• Power differentials vastly different.

• Previous conflicts have led to a breakdown of trust between members of the Traveller and wider community.

• Leads to shattering of self-esteem. • Impacts on everyday life, from school attendance to perceived future opportunities.

• Creating a vacuum of services and supports.

• Tendency to blame the other side.

• Young people in groups leads to some people feeling intimidated. • Incidents of anti-social behaviour. • Alcohol and drug use.

• Lack of services creates a vacuum of structured environments providing supports to young people. • Conflict between young people frequently occurs outside structured environments.

• Young people are involved in conflicts with other young people based on the conflict that is ongoing between parents. • This leads to a cycle of conflict.

• Young people out late at night. • Young people engaged in anti-social behaviour.

• Lack of pride in an area. • Failure to take ownership and tackle issues in the area.

• Communities living in isolation of each other.

• Members of both communities feeling they receive unequal treatment from institutional bodies and organisations.

• The power to create and enforce negative stereotypes that exist within individual communities and areas. 30 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

3.6 Analysis of Parties Involved

The next step was to analyse those parties involved in the conflict and, given that the definition of “parties” includes individuals, groups and institutions engaged in, as well as affected by, the conflict, this covered a wide list of individuals and groups in both pilot areas.

In respect of Pilot Area A, the Community Stakeholder Group, who undertook the analysis, was more general in its identification of those parties involved in or affecting by conflict. The list included members of the Traveller and settled communities living in the area, with particular emphasis on younger and older members of these communities. It further included organisations from the community, voluntary and statutory sector, who were responsible for supporting members of the community in the area, together with elected representatives and the wider community as a whole. The negative effect of the media on relationships between the two communities when conflict arises was also highlighted in both pilot areas.

In respect of Pilot Area B, given that its focus was on a much smaller area and due to the intensity of the conflict in the area, the Working Group was able to identify members of the Traveller and settled communities who were in direct conflict with each other. The Working Group further identified extended family members, the wider community, the local business community, organisations from the local community and statutory sectors, the media and elected representatives as being involved in or affected by the conflict.

3.7 Parties’ Prospects of Resolving Conflict

In terms of Pilot Area A, the Working Group agreed that given the history of conflict/tension in the area, the parties involved would benefit from support in terms of building more positive relations between the Traveller and settled communities in the area. On recommendation from the Working Group, the Community Stakeholder Group was established, who then designed and delivered an action plan for the area.

In respect of Pilot Area B, given the nature and history of the tensions and conflict in the area, the Working Group determined that the parties’ prospects of resolving the conflict was poor at that particular point in time. For this reason it was recommended to employ a community mediator to work with the various parties and stakeholders in carrying out an initial community mediation assessment to ascertain whether the parties involved would engage in and ultimately benefit from a mediation process.

This section of the framework also refers to a potential “spoiler” with an interest in the maintenance of the status quo. In respect of Pilot Area B, extended family members together with the media were identified as potential spoilers. 31 / PILOTING THE INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK

3.8 Detail Current Responses

In respect of each pilot area, the Working Group also identified the current services and supports being dedicated to the parties involved.

In terms of current responses, residents in each pilot area were in receipt of the standard statutory supports and services, i.e. local authority and An Garda Siocháná together with ongoing supports from the community and voluntary sector.

Pilot Area A, however, also had an established Community Safety Forum, as referred to above. This forum provided residents with another opportunity to highlight their issues and concerns should they wish to do so, thus perhaps alleviating frustrations that might otherwise have arisen through traditional reporting mechanisms.

In respect of Pilot Area B, following the identification by the Working Group of youth service providers operating in the area, a sub-group of these was established to collaborate with the project in the area.

Following the establishment of the Community Stakeholder Group, Group members reviewed the services and supports in the area in order to identify gaps, e.g. in training opportunities and/or parenting classes available in the area. Where gaps were identified, actions would then be delivered to address those gaps.

3.9 Deliver Actions

3.9.1 Community Mediation As referred to above, a key action undertaken by the Working Group during the implementation of the framework was the commissioning of a community mediator to work with members of the Traveller and settled communities in Pilot Area B.

On recommendation from the Working Group, the mediator was initially commissioned to undertake a pre-mediation assessment to ascertain whether mediation and/or other conflict resolution methods would support the resolution or transformation of the conflict, ultimately building more positive community relations. The emphasis of this approach was on empowering and supporting the parties involved to develop their own solutions to help resolve the situation.

The mediator liaised with the relevant individuals and families affected or involved in the conflict and, following meetings on both an individual and group basis, key parties agreed to take part in a mediation process.

This resulted in an extremely intensive piece of work for the Working Group over a four month period. The mediator, in consultation with the 32 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

Working Group, continued to engage with the relevant parties with a view to mediating an agreement. This work was often reactive, with decisions on how best to move forward being made by the Working Group on an ever changing set of circumstances.

Although the parties withdrew from the process without an agreement being reached for reasons both related and unrelated to the conflict, the following are a list of key outputs that arose during the delivery of the mediation process:

• The pre-mediation assessment resulted in the Working Group and the wider project understanding the key issues giving rise to conflict in the area, creating a clear picture of the situation on the ground.

• The learning gained from the process built the capacity of the Working Group to respond to conflict situations.

• The understanding of residents in the area around mediation as a conflict resolution measure was raised. hisT was demonstrated during the completion of a community questionnaire in the area in which 64% of those residents interviewed stated that they would be prepared to enter into mediation should a dispute take place in the estate.

“There are realities. Most peace programmes are small, peace is complicated, many people do need to do many things, peace does take time”.13

3.9.2 Community Questionnaire In respect of Pilot Area B, once it became apparent that the parties involved no longer wished to take part in the mediation process, it was necessary for the Working Group to re-evaluate their approach. Following in-depth discussions around a range of possible interventions, the Working Group recommended the completion of a community questionnaire. The purpose of the community questionnaire was to engage with as many residents as possible in order to gain a clear picture from the resident’s viewpoint as to their key needs, interests and concerns so as to enjoy a good quality of life. The community questionnaire also sought to gain the views of the residents as to what measures/interventions they would like to see being delivered in their estate. The results from these questions would inform the Working Group as to the next most appropriate course of action. By way of clarification, the reason the community questionnaire was not carried out

13. Anderson M, Olson L and Doughty K, “Confronting War: Critical Lessons for Peace Practitioners”, The Collaborative for Development Action, Inc. [2003]. 33 / PILOTING THE INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK

at the outset was due to the overt nature of the conflict and the immediate requirement for an on-the-ground response to help resolve the situation.

Questions included the following:

• What are your needs as a resident to enjoy a good quality of life in your area?

• How satisfied are you that these needs are being met?

• In your opinion what steps need to be taken to improve the following issues?

The primary need identified by Interviewees to enjoy a good quality of life was “peace and quiet”. This ranked highly along with the need for suitable accommodation and facilities for young people in the area. Over 83% of those interviewed ranked working together as residents as a high priority.

The area of highest dissatisfaction related to the provision of facilities for young people. Some interviewees indicated by way of anecdotal evidence that issues in the estate arose from young people coming into conflict with each other because of a lack of available facilities/activities for young people. One interviewee further expanded by stating that the conflicts between the young people in the estate then resulted in conflict amongst the parents of the young people concerned.

When asked whether there were any challenges or opportunities arising from living in a culturally diverse estate, 28% of interviewees specified challenges as opposed to opportunities.

Following an analysis of the results of the questionnaires, in the absence of a Community Stakeholders Group for Pilot Area B, the Working Group considered the various issues that arose from the findings of the questionnaire and agreed on a list of actions and recommendations to address the issues identified. Appendix 4.1 includes a summary of the issues identified and the actions recommended. In some cases the Respecting & Connecting Communities Project was in a position to implement recommended actions under parts or strands of the project.

3.9.3 Community Stakeholder Action Plan Details of the action plan drawn up by the Community Stakeholder Group in Pilot Area A are set out at Appendix 4.2.

3.9.4 Programmes of Activities for Young People As referred to above, a Youth Provider sub-group was set up in Pilot Area B, which was responsible for the design and on-the-ground delivery of a programme of activities for young people in the area. These programmes had a strong focus on examining and transforming conflict. A Youth Service Provider sub-group was also set up in Pilot Area A under the contract 34 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

awarded to Donegal Travellers Project. Table 4.2.1 gives an overview of the activities and events that were delivered by these groups in or around the pilot areas.

3.9.5 Cultural Competency Training In response to the key factors of cultural differences, racism and relationships with institutions identified at Table 3.5 above as contributing to conflict, the project collaborated with Donegal Travellers Project in the delivery of a series of cultural competency training events. The aim of these training events was to inform participants on such topics as identifying racism, explaining the power relationship between the majority ethnic group and the minority ethnic group, and providing participants with practical tools and techniques for delivering services and supports to persons from a range of different backgrounds. This customized practical application training programme was targeted towards frontline staff of public service organisations, including statutory, voluntary and community.

3.9.6 Restorative Justice Training Donegal Travellers Project under a contract awarded by the Respecting & Connecting Communities Project delivered a series of Restorative Justice training programmes in both pilot areas with the aim of building capacity in the area of conflict resolution. These programmes were made available to relevant professionals working at a ground level to address conflict between the Traveller and settled communities. Equally the training was also made available to youth providers in both pilot areas.

3.10 Review and Evaluate

3.10.1 Successes Key successes in terms of the development and implementation of actions under the integrated framework have been identified by the relevant individuals involved in the framework as follows:

• The process followed, leading to the initial development of the integrated framework.

• Engagement with relevant stakeholders through the various structures established by the project, i.e. Steering Committee, Working Group, Community Stakeholder and Youth Service Provider Groups.

• The clarity of roles and responsibilities for each of the individual structures under the integrated framework.

• The collaboration, teamwork and commitment to the project from all the organisations involved in its delivery.

• Building the capacity of the Working Group to respond to conflict situations and facilitating the development of a team approach. 35 / PILOTING THE INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK

• The learning gained from the various on-the-ground approaches used in the pilot areas, including the mediation initiative and the community questionnaire.

• The value gained in commissioning experts in conflict management and transformation.

• The role of a dedicated co-ordinator in the project.

“There is a dangerous temptation to allow the immediacy of armed conflict to blind us to other forms of conflict that may be equally important in terms of impact on an initiative.” 14

3.10.2 Challenges The following are the key challenges identified by relevant individuals during the delivery and implementation of actions under the integrated framework:

• Due to the sheer complexity of the issues affecting or impacting on the conflict, there was often a difficulty among the relevant groups to reach agreement as to the best approach to adopt to respond to conflict.

• Developing a concrete response to conflict at ground level.

• Using the integrated framework as a tool going forward.

• A challenge relating to the impartiality of the Working Group would arise during situations where organisational representatives would be unable to leave their respective views or roles outside the door.

• Several serious incidents occurred in the pilot areas during the delivery of the framework; agreeing next steps in light of such serious situations proved extremely difficult.

• Developing a general awareness of the project both within the wider organisations represented on the Working Group and in the general community.

• Getting the involvement of middle and senior management in the process.

• Developing shared actions at local level that see real engagement between respective communities.

14. Bush K, “Aid for Peace: A Handbook for Applying Peace and Conflict Impact Assessment”. 36 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

3.11 Key Lessons and Recommendations

One of the key learnings from this process was the value of collaborative workings at both a local and organisational level. The individual roles and responsibilities of the various structures operating under the project led to a multifaceted and targeted approach to conflict resolution. The commitment of those involved in the project was key to the successful delivery of the project.

The complex nature of Traveller/settled conflict and the various overlapping issues impacting on the conflict have already been noted above; however, it is only when faced with identifying a resolution to a conflict between the two communities that the actual level of complexity is fully understood. Reaching consensus among key stakeholders as to the appropriate measures to implement, in light of the complexity of the situation, proved at times an extremely difficult and time-consuming process. The difficulty of the situations and the time involved is a further testament to those who took part in the process.

‘Furthermore, peace practitioners are human and, despite their passion, commitment and energy, things beyond their control may go wrong and setbacks occur.’15

Another important issue to be aware of in piloting a project of this nature is the risk of problematising or further adding to perceptions of an area. Furthermore, when in the process of trying to resolve conflict it is vital to be continually aware of the dynamics of Traveller/settled conflict, e.g. power differentials, so that any agreed interventions are tailored accordingly. If an intervention to resolve conflict loses sight of the underlying characteristics of Traveller/settled conflict, including that of racism and discrimination, then the intervention may be in danger of further exacerbating the situation.

Also in respect of the key factors affecting conflict between the Traveller and settled communities, many are deep-rooted and structural in nature and can often be either outside the remit or beyond the capabilities of the Working Group or indeed the project itself to resolve. It does however demonstrate that substantive and ongoing efforts by a wide range of actors (local, national, regional, international) in a broad range of activities16 will be required if conflict between the Traveller and settled communities is ever to be fully resolved.

NOTE: Several of the key points outlined under Heading 3.11 are taken from a presentation given by Siobhán McLaughlin, Manager of Donegal Travellers Project to the Respecting & Connecting Communities Steering Committee.

15. Anderson M, Olson L and Doughty K, “Confronting War: Critical Lessons for Peace Practitioners”, The Collaborative for Development Action, Inc. [2003].

16. Kenneth Bush, “Aid for Peace” A Handbook for Applying Peace & Conflict Impact Assessment. 37 / PILOTING THE INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK

Again, while the power differentials in the case of Traveller/settled conflict were openly acknowledged at the outset of the integrated framework, the reality of the situation became truly apparent during the implementation of the framework, where the dynamics of the conflict would be radically altered if even one Traveller family moved away. This would result in the need for a re-evaluation of the appropriateness of the conflict resolution measures being implemented. It would also even further magnify the size imbalance between the majority and minority community.

While the rationale for carrying out the community questionnaire after the community mediation was referenced above, it is important to note that ideally the community questionnaire should be carried out at the outset so that all interventions are designed to meet the common needs and interests identified by the families and communities concerned.

Another lesson learned during the implementation of the framework is the importance of carrying out a “risk assessment”17 before commencing an initiative. This risk assessment should take into account the possible negative effects a proposed initiative may have on the parties it proposes to engage or identify instances where it may contribute to other more layered or silent forms of conflict, such as domestic violence.

Following on from the previous point, gender issues arose during the delivery of the project and on this basis it is recommended that at the outset of an intervention gender issues are acknowledged and a set of shared principles or protocols put in place to guide the project in addressing gender issues during the delivery of an intervention, e.g. a gender-balanced mediation team in a mediation process.

Another issue that arose during the implementation of the framework was whether the project should discontinue its interventions in a particular area due to a change in the dynamics of the conflict. In this case the project had to identify whether it made sense to continue to try to work in a particular conflict environment or were the levels of risk/violence too high and peace opportunities too low? This was a very difficult decision for the Working Group to make, as for the project to discontinue its interventions in the area would mean abandoning previous commitments made to parties involved in or affected by the conflict. Equally however, the Working Group had to examine whether its activities would have more of a likelihood of benefitting or facilitating the resolution of conflicts in other areas. In this particular instance the Working Group continued its activities in this area; however, it is important to continually review the approach taken to ensure that it is the most appropriate method of meeting overall objectives, i.e. building positive relations between the Traveller and settled communities.

17. Kenneth Bush, “Aid for Peace” A Handbook for Applying Peace & Conflict Impact Assessment. Chapter 4 Traveller Culture and Social Interaction between Communities 39 / TRAVELLER CULTURE AND SOCIAL INTERACTION BETWEEN COMMUNITIES

4.1 Introduction

In order to promote social interaction between the Traveller and settled communities the project identified a specific objective relating to the organisation of a range of activities and events designed to provide opportunities for greater interaction between both communities. These events would also provide opportunities to enhance recognition and awareness of Traveller culture. This initiative aims to build more positive relations between individuals from both communities and in turn improve levels of trust and tolerance between both communities.

The core method of delivery for this element of the project was through a contract awarded to Donegal Travellers Project for the delivery of a range of interventions to build better relations between the Traveller and settled communities who would facilitate the resolution or transformation of conflict in identified areas. As referred to previously, a key role of the Community Stakeholder Groups and Youth Service Provider sub-groups set up in each pilot area was their role in collaborating with Donegal Travellers Project in the design and delivery of programmes of activities aimed at promoting social interaction between the Traveller and settled communities in their area.

In addition to the interventions delivered by Donegal Travellers Project, the project also led out on a series of events and activities in collaboration with Donegal Travellers Project and the Community Stakeholder and Youth Provider Groups during the course of the project aimed at promoting social interaction between the two communities.

‘When people have the chance to get to know each other, they focus on what they have in common, rather than their differences. This helps to break down prejudice and stereotypes, fostering instead mutual respect and understanding.18’

The following tables will set out an overview of the range of interventions delivered during the lifetime of the project together with documenting the key learning arising from their delivery.

18. Department for Communities and Local Government, “Guidance on Meaningful Interaction: How encouraging positive relationships between people can build community cohesion”, Crown Copyright [2009]. 40 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

4.2 Programme of Events and Activities 4.2.1

Details of Activity Who’s Involved Key Lessons Learned Success/Challenges * Lead Organisation encountered

1 Pilot Area A • Respecting & The key learning from this The primary challenge Connecting project arose from the arose from the different Workshops were held with Communities Project participants themselves, understandings that each participants from different (R&CC)* who over the ten week of the participants had of cultural backgrounds in period developed genuine the project. Some of the order to design & publish • Vocational relationships. This occurred participants were at different an Intercultural Children’s Educational partly due to the intensive skills levels, so we had to Book. Workshops were Committee nature of the project and led ensure that the workshops held twice weekly for ten • Donegal Travellers to the project’s realisation catered for the needs of each weeks. Participants’ cultural Project (DTP) of the benefit of smaller of the participants. backgrounds included Turkey, groups working together on Ghana, South Africa, America • Port ná Failte The book was very well a programme of activities as and Irish Traveller community. Intercultural Centre received and was distributed opposed to a once-off event. • Educate Together to national schools and National School libraries throughout Donegal.

2 Pilot Area B • R&CC Project* The key learning from this While the event was well event was that it is difficult attended with over 180 Celebrating Community • Local Secondary to build or form meaningful people attending, the key Day aimed at bringing the School relationships around once-off challenge encountered on the community together to • Members of the events. day was the lack of Traveller celebrate both the existing Local Community. participation in the event. and new communities in the The focus should be on area. • Neighbourhood actions that will not only Youth Project develop but will also • Port ná Fáilte sustain long-term positive Intercultural Centre relationships.

3 Pilot Area A & B • DTP* This event was very well This event was very well attended by both members attended and demonstrated The “Mobile” performed by of the Traveller and settled the power of drama to Traveller Michael Collins in two communities. It was an address difficult topics in a venues in Donegal. This play excellent opportunity for sensitive manner. looked at the issue of conflict the settled community to between Traveller families and The event highlighted issues appreciate Traveller culture the devastating effect that it as well as promoted social and to look at a difficult topic has on the families concerned. interaction. in a new light.

4 Pilot Area A • DTP* The focus of this day was too This event was very well broad and the overall aim attended by members of Intercultural Day aimed at • Letterkenny CDP of building positive relations ethnic communities, however bringing members of different • Letterkenny Youth between the Traveller and attendance was poor from cultures together with a and Family Services. wider settled communities members of the wider settled view to showcasing different was lost. community. aspects of each other’s • Port na Fáilte cultures. 41 / TRAVELLER CULTURE AND SOCIAL INTERACTION BETWEEN COMMUNITIES

Details of Activity Who’s Involved Key Lessons Learned Success/Challenges * Lead Organisation encountered

5 Pilot Area A • DTP* This was an excellent event The opening of this event was that provided an opportunity very well attended by members Traveller Heritage Exhibition. to showcase Traveller culture of the Traveller & settled The exhibition ran for four in a professional exhibition communities. weeks and displayed images over a sustained period of and artefacts celebrating In terms of challenges, a time. Traveller history and culture in significant amount of work was Donegal. involved in organising an event of this nature, however the impact can be difficult to outline.

6 Pilot Area A • R&CC* In respect of lessons learned, These events were very well these workshops should have attended, however there was Parent & Toddler Workshops • DTP been rolled out on a pilot no participation from the were held over a period of • Letterkenny CDP basis firstly to ensure that Traveller community in the four weeks. The workshops there would be participation actual workshops themselves, aimed to highlight the from both the Traveller and only in the organisation and importance of arts and drama settled communities. delivery. An incident occurred in a child’s development. in the area which affected attendance from the Traveller community.

7 Pilot Area A • DTP* A key lesson learned was This event was very that rather than immediately successful, with the entry A float was designed and • Port na Fáilte. bringing young people from winning an award on the created by a group of young • The Vestry different groups together, day. This event required a people from the Traveller and there is value in firstly huge amount of organisation settled communities for entry conducting single identity and commitment from those in the annual St. Patrick’s Day work with the young people involved due to the series Parade. to ensure that they are ready of workshops required to to engage positively with other produce the final product.

8 Pilot Area A • Letterkenny CDP* Discussions were held around This event was very well the difficulty of engaging men attended and received by Men’s Development Training • R&CC from all cultural backgrounds those who attended. was provided to members of • DTP to take part in programmes the community, voluntary and of activities. This is a statutory sectors. This training common problem across all aimed to highlight best communities. practice in engaging men in community development.

9 Pilot Area A & B • DTP* Again, the power of drama This event was not as well to reach a wider audience in attended as the previous Magpies on the Pylon” performed relation to topics that may not Michael Collins drama; this by Traveller Michael Collins in otherwise be discussed. may be attributed to the two venues in Donegal. This play sensitive nature of the topic. looked at highly sensitive issues such as alcohol abuse and suicide. 42 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

4.2 Programme of Events and Activities, continued 4.2.1

Details of Activity Who’s Involved Key Lessons Learned Success/Challenges * Lead Organisation encountered

10 Pilot Area A • DTP* One of the key lessons is A challenge arose from the the importance of targeting lack of schools participating in Facilitated Cultural Diversity • Educate Together children as young as possible the programme despite being workshops with Primary National School for programmes around issued with invitations. This School pupils. issues such as cultural may have been due to a clash diversity. Research has proven in timetables. that younger children are more capable of empathy or feelings of fairness towards others.

11 Pilot Area A • DTP* This event proved very In terms of challenges, successful and demonstrated the participation by older Two events during Bealtaine • Letterkenny CDP how enthusiastic older members of the settled month of “Celebrating • Cara House members of both community outweighed that Creativity as We Age”. These communities are to become by the Traveller community. events aimed to promote involved in activities and social interaction between events. older members of the Traveller and settled communities.

4.2.2 Youth Programmes

1 Pilot Area A • DTP* The activities and events in There was a significant this programme came at amount of time required in Intensive Easter Programme • Letterkenny Youth & the suggestion of the young order to set up and coordinate with young people from Family Services people themselves, which each of the different activities. Traveller and settled • Letterkenny CDP ensured active participation in communities which included Some Youth Service Providers the events. music, sports and cultural • The Loft – Donegal in the area were unable to diversity programmes of Youth Service take part. activities.

2 Pilot Area B • DTP* This was an intensive three Some Traveller young people day workshop with a group who were originally taking Circus Skills Workshops with • Neighbourhood of 8 young men. Again, the part went travelling and were a group of young men from Youth Project (NYP) suggestion for the event unable to attend. This resulted the Traveller and settled came from the young people in the settled participants communities. themselves. greatly outnumbering the The team-building nature of Traveller participants. the workshops meant that This was a very intensive young people had to work course and participants were together over the three days visibly tired at the end of the which resulted in genuine three days. relationships being developed. 43 / TRAVELLER CULTURE AND SOCIAL INTERACTION BETWEEN COMMUNITIES

Details of Activity Who’s Involved Key Lessons Learned Success/Challenges * Lead Organisation encountered

3 Pilot Area B • DTP* The young women who took Traveller young women part enjoyed this activity who were originally taking Upskilling/Redress Workshops • R&CC and asked for more of these part were unable to held over two days with a • NYP events to be held. attend. This resulted in the group of 8 young women settled participants greatly from the Traveller and • VEC Some issues arose during outnumbering the Traveller settled communities. the workshops which were participants. These workshops involved unrelated to Traveller/settled participants reusing or relationships. The facilitators recycling their old clothes noted the complexity of issues through alterations or that arise in bringing a group additions. of young people together.

4 Pilot Area B • NYP* These were difficult themes These workshops were well for the young people to take received by the young people Arts & drama based • R&CC on board in an intensive involved. workshops designed to set of workshops. Perhaps support young people to It was a large commitment it would have been more explore issues surrounding from the young people appropriate to deal with each cultural identity, conflict and involved and some theme separately in a series conflict resolution with a participants’ attendance would of workshops to allow young group of 12 young people be irregular. people more time to take on from the Traveller and settled board the information. communities, twice weekly over a 6 week period.

5 Pilot Area A • DTP* The subject of the focus group While the young people was a difficult and broad attended, there was a Focus Group with 8 young • R&CC topic to fit into a half-day challenge in getting the young people from the Traveller • VEC workshop. The group would people to actively participate and settled communities to have benefitted from one or in the workshops. discuss topics affecting young two preparation workshops in people today with a focus on advance of the focus group. conflict.

6 Pilot Area B • NYP* These events were rolled These events were very well out over the summer and attended and well received by Summer Programme of • R&CC involved young people of the young people. Activities with young people different ages from 10–16. from the Traveller and From our experience to date, settled communities. These for the purposes of building events including water-based positive relations between activities and land-based team the Traveller and settled building games communities, smaller, more intensive programmes are more beneficial. 44 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

4.3 Key Lessons and Recommendations

The following paragraphs set out the key lessons learned from the delivery of a range of actions designed to provide opportunities for social interaction between the Traveller and settled communities. These lessons have been identified by key individuals involved in the delivery of the relationship building interventions.

As referred to above, the core method of delivery for this element of the project was through a contract awarded to Donegal Travellers Project. Donegal Travellers Project subsequently employed two members of the Traveller community together with a youth worker to deliver these interventions in collaboration with the Community Stakeholder Group, Youth Service Provider Groups and the project itself. This in itself was an important aspect of the project, as it created the conditions for Traveller leadership in relationship building.

The delivery of the project at a micro level posed both challenges and opportunities for the delivery of actions. On one hand, everybody knew one another and the staff employed by Donegal Travellers Project were able to quickly identify families together with other local community groups that could become involved in a broad range of relationship building activities. However, on the other hand, where internal community or family conflicts arose in the area it would impact greatly on the proposed delivery of events. The impact could affect anything from participation in the events to the appropriateness of delivering them at all.

In terms of successes, in line with community development principles, the activities that involved participants being directly engaged from the design stage onwards proved most successful. This was particularly true from a youth activity perspective. Also in relation to the youth programmes delivered, youth workers noted the value of single identity work with the young people in advance of bringing groups together to ensure that the groups were ready to engage positively with each other.

One of the key successes of this element of the project was the range of activities and events delivered, from parent and toddler groups through to events targeted solely at older members of the community. The project recognised at the outset the importance of working with young people, and this was reflected in Donegal Travellers Project’s employment of a dedicated youth worker to deliver youth programmes in each of the pilot areas in collaboration with local Youth Service Providers and schools.

Again, as with the delivery of the integrated framework, the key success in the delivery of this element of the project was the collaborative delivery of

NOTE: Several of the key points outlined under Heading 4.3 are taken from a presentation given by Siobhán McLaughlin, Manager of Donegal Travellers Project to the Respecting & Connecting Communities Steering Committee. 45 / TRAVELLER CULTURE AND SOCIAL INTERACTION BETWEEN COMMUNITIES

interventions with other community and voluntary groups in the pilot areas. This collaboration ensured that as many people as possible were aware of the project and given an opportunity to take part.

The issue of funding represents both a success and a challenge. Funding available under the project facilitated dedicated workers to deliver a range of activities that could be tailored to the needs and interests of the people involved.

Equally, without funding going forward, the delivery of relationship building events is made much more difficult for those working on the ground. Available resources can then dictate the type of intervention, instead of it being based on the needs or interests of the communities concerned.

It is also important to acknowledge the hierarchy of needs that some families are faced with. Where families are struggling with poverty and disadvantage, it is difficult to promote meaningful participation in relationship building events.

A key challenge in delivering programmes of activity as outlined in Table 4.2 was ensuring active and equal participation from the Traveller and settled communities in the events. One of the principles of relationship building is that it should be done on a level playing field, which poses difficulties where one community vastly outnumbers the other. This was a particular challenge in one of the pilot areas where the Traveller community is very much in the minority. Participation in events was further affected when members of the Traveller community would leave the area unexpectedly to travel. Equally, depending on the nature of the event, engaging the participation of the settled community proved difficult at times.

Again, as referred to in Table 4.2 above, a key lesson was the realisation of the value of programmes of activities involving smaller groups of people over a sustained period of time. Smaller group workshops over a period of time allowed participants to gain a real understanding of each other’s background, and allowed time for genuine relationships to be developed. This was in contrast with once-off events involving large groups of people, where it was felt that the relationship building element could sometimes be lost.

The media element of the project referred to in Chapter 5 worked very well with this element of the project, as the events often provided the subject matter for the positive news stories. Equally, the publicity from the media promoted participation in the events and created an awareness of the project and what it was trying to achieve. Chapter 5 Traveller Culture and the Media’s Role in Racism and Sectarianism 47 / TRAVELLER CULTURE AND THE MEDIA’S ROLE IN RACISM AND SECTARIANISM

5.1 Introduction

The power of the media in today’s society is well recognised. Equally recognised is the media’s role in the portrayal of news and images that can sometimes led to negative stereotyping. This often leads to misjudgement and unfair discrimination towards certain people and situations. Not only do stereotypes affect opinions and thoughts but they also affect behaviour. They are found everywhere, and though they are portrayed innocently, they affect and impact the mindset of many19.

Negative stereotyping towards members of the Traveller community in the media at a local, regional and national level is well documented. In recognition of the influence of the media and its role in affecting relationships between the Traveller and settled communities, a key objective of the project involved the proactive submission of positive news stories and images of the Traveller community in the local media together with encouraging more responsible reporting on incidents involving Travellers and other minority communities.

Donegal Travellers Project was awarded a contract for the promotion of Traveller culture and wider cultural diversity through the proactive portrayal of positive news stories and images in the local media. This also included working closely with the local media in order to highlight its vital role in dealing with attitudes towards sectarianism and racism.

The following segments, written by the media consultant commissioned by Donegal Travellers Project, set out the actions undertaken by Donegal Travellers Project in their delivery of this element of the contract with a view to documenting the learning from the process.

The media is not just confined to informing us about world happenings and serving as a means to connect with people, in fact it affects our thinking patterns as well. The way we think and perceive various issues about the world is also shaped by media.20

19. “Impact of Media on Stereotypes and Generalisations”, http: www.wikispaces.com.

20. Unknown. 48 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

5.2 Media Strategy and Development

By Julie Costello

5.2.1 Communications Plans The Communications Plan for Phase I of the Respecting and Connecting Communities (R&CC) Project’s media element – also known as the R&CC Traveller Press Project – consisted of two principal action areas designed to enhance recognition and awareness of Traveller culture and wider diversity in the local media.

The first action area involved submission of eight articles to the local media (newspapers, radio stations, and internet) regarding good news, features, and press releases about Donegal Travellers. As part of this action area, an R&CC/DTP internet site was set up that all project articles were uploaded onto once they had already been printed in the local press.

The second action area involved organisation of an event with local media to highlight its vital role in dealing with attitudes towards sectarianism and racism and in complying with the National Union of Journalists’ Code of Conduct when writing articles about minority communities.

Both of these actions were intended to build upon work already initiated and developed during the PEACE II Building Ethnic Peace Project which Donegal Travellers Project (DTP) was also involved in delivering.

Like the Communications Plan for Phase I, the Phase II Plan consisted of two principal action areas designed to enhance recognition and awareness of Traveller culture and wider diversity in the local media.

The first action area involved submission of 12 articles to the local media regarding good news, features, and press releases about Donegal Travellers. As part of this action area, the R&CC/DTP internet site that had been set up during Phase I was to continue to be updated on an ongoing basis.

The second action area involved organising media focus groups with members of the Traveller and settled communities to review and give feedback on media reporting about minority communities. This action was undertaken as a means of assessing trends and emerging issues that were to be documented in a final report which would be submitted to relevant agencies and organisations. 49 / TRAVELLER CULTURE AND THE MEDIA’S ROLE IN RACISM AND SECTARIANISM

5.3 Process/Methodology Followed

The methodology regarding both action areas of the Phase I Communications Plan was rooted in close communication between the media consultant who was engaged by DTP to undertake the R&CC Traveller Press Project and an R&CC/DTP Editorial Committee which included highly skilled and experienced community workers from both the Traveller and settled communities. During monthly meetings of the committee at the DTP office ideas regarding possible article subjects were discussed, as were suitable speaker candidates for the event with the local media. Involvement by the committee extended deep into the editorial process, as every article that was written was emailed to all committee members for any feedback or suggestions that they might have before it would be submitted to the local media. This procedure, while somewhat time-consuming, ensured that every Project article that ran in the media was informed by and drew on the extensive expertise of R&CC/DTP Editorial Committee members.

The methodology regarding both action areas of the Phase II Communications Plan continued to be based on a policy of close interaction between the media consultant and highly skilled and experienced community workers from both the Traveller and settled communities. During this phase, members of the R&CC team itself (R&CC Peace Officers Kathleen McGinley and Annmarie Keogh, R&CC Youth Worker Heather Manchester, and R&CC Peace Consultant Nora Newell) filled the role that the R&CC/DTP Editorial Committee had filled during Phase I, providing advice and suggestions regarding article topics and approaches to running the focus groups. The media consultant additionally attended a DTP core staff meeting in order to solicit suggestions regarding article topics and focus group strategies for the Project.

During this phase, as well, the Project continued the policy of emailing drafts of any article for review before submission, in this case to the R&CC team and to anyone who was either mentioned in an article or had a particular connection to the topic it addressed. 50 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

5.4 Basis for Article Selection

The basis for article selection during Phase I of the Project reflected a range of considerations. While the first action area had stipulated that eight articles be published, in fact a total of 29 submissions were made to the local press during Phase I – all of which were published in at least one newspaper.

Some of these were short press releases which advertised upcoming events that either the R&CC Project or the DTP were involved in. While not strictly counting as “articles”, these short releases were nevertheless an integral aspect of the project, affording ongoing visibility to the positive contributions that the R&CC Project and the DTP were making to the Donegal community. Examples of these short press releases included 150- to 250-word releases that ran ahead of an R&CC Traveller Heritage Night at Donegal County Museum and a Blue Drum exhibition that featured art by Travellers from all over Ireland.

These events and others were subsequently attended by the media consultant and written up, typically in the form of a 400-word article accompanied by a number of photos with captions that had been taken at the event.

A second, longer type of press release was written ahead of well-known actor/director Michael Collins’ performance of his play “Mobile” in November 2010. Due to Mr. Collins’ national profile and the popularity of his play “It’s a Cultural Thing, Isn’t It?” with Donegal audiences several years previously as part of the Building Ethnic Peace Project, a decision was made to submit a full-length interview with him as a means of advertising the play. The media consultant subsequently attended performances of “Mobile” in Letterkenny and Buncrana and wrote audience reaction pieces about each performance that were submitted to newspapers in the two respective areas.

Another longer press release that was written ahead of an event was an interview with Eileen McDonagh and Annie Mongan about their years growing up in and subsequently raising families of their own in barrel top wagons. This article, which was used as a means of publicising the barrel top wagon that DTP had arranged to exhibit as part of Letterkenny Culture Night 2010, was run by almost every paper that it was submitted to.

Additional long (500-plus word) articles that were written as part of the R&CC Traveller Press Project can be broken into two main categories, news and features.

News stories written during Phase I related primarily to initiatives by local Travellers (such as Donegal Travellers Primary Health Care Project Assistant Co-ordinator Ann Friel’s role in encouraging Traveller women to attend the BreastCheck mobile unit) and to local Travellers’ responses to national 51 / TRAVELLER CULTURE AND THE MEDIA’S ROLE IN RACISM AND SECTARIANISM

Traveller-related news (such as the launch of the 2010 All-Ireland Traveller Health Study).

Feature stories were primarily focussed on raising local awareness about the outstanding contributions that many Donegal Travellers are making to the local community. These included R&CC Traveller Support Worker Kathleen McGinley’s distinction of being one of the first Travellers ever to hold an administrative position at Donegal County Council and DTP Community Health Worker Katie Boyle’s work with the HSE and Letterkenny Institute of Technology regarding the mental health needs of Travellers.

An article about DTP Community Health Worker Rose Ward’s election to the Donegal County Community Forum fit into the category of news- feature, as did one about initiatives by DTP Men’s Health Workers Hugh Friel and Patrick McGinley to address the shocking statistics about Traveller men’s health which had been documented by the All-Ireland Traveller Health Study. This type of article, which included a “news hook” along with a broader discussion of the person or initiatives involved, tended to be particularly popular with editors.

The basis for article selection during Phase II was much the same as it had been during Phase I, with one key additional consideration. In response to Phase I feedback which identified a need to include young Travellers in R&CC initiatives, and also stemming from the media consultant’s own interest in skills-sharing, the Phase II Communications Plan stated that at least two of the 12 articles to be submitted would be ones that had been co-produced with Travellers.

One article which fulfilled this goal concerned work that was done by young Travellers during their half-term break in February 2012 on an R&CC entry for the Letterkenny St. Patrick’s Day Parade. All photos for the article were taken by young Travellers, two of whom also assisted with writing captions for the photos. The outcome of this effort was publication of a two-page photo spread and short article in the 18th February, 2012, edition of Donegal On Sunday, copies of which were provided by the R&CC Traveller Press Project to everyone who had played a role in producing the article.

A second co-produced article concerned an Easter Break Programme that the R&CC Project ran for young people in Ballyshannon which DTP Community Health Worker Anne Marie Ward, who is an excellent photographer, agreed to take photos for. The programme, which was delivered in conjunction with Foroige, consisted of a Well-Being through Creativity Workshop for girls and a Circus Skills Workshop for boys, images of which Ms. Ward captured beautifully on the camera. The outcome of this effort was publication of a two-page photo spread and short text by Donegal On Sunday on 15th April, 2012. 52 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

Ms. Ward and another DTP Community Health Worker who is an excellent photographer, Margaret Boyle, went on to jointly take photos of the DTP’s hugely successful Bealtaine Festival Tea Dance for a photo spread with short text submission about the event which was published in a number of local media outlets.

During both phases of the R&CC Traveller Press Project, articles about Donegal Travellers which stood to appeal to a broad audience were additionally submitted to the national Voice of the Traveller magazine. Although this publication is not strictly speaking part of the local media, its distribution to venues throughout the country – including in Donegal – made it a viable outlet for R&CC Traveller Press Project submissions. As it turned out, Voice of the Traveller published a number of submissions over the two phases of the Project. A highlight occurred during Phase II when the magazine published two Project articles in its May 2012 edition and printed a photo from one of the articles on its cover. The photo, which was of R&CC Youth Worker Heather Manchester and 12-year-old Debbie Ward participating in the R&CC St. Patrick’s Day Parade entry, was accompanied by the headline “Parade Success in Letterkenny”.

5.5 Record of Article Submission and Publication

Early in Phase I of the R&CC Traveller Press Project, the media consultant developed a form for keeping track of article submission and publication dates. To facilitate use of the form, she also made a list of all newspapers, radio stations, and internet sites in the Donegal area and assigned them abbreviations – DD for Donegal Democrat, DN for Donegal News, etc. Any time an article was submitted for publication, the submission date and all media outlets that it had been submitted to were noted on the form. Subsequently, if and when the submission appeared in print, note was made on the form of the applicable date and media outlet.

Record-keeping during Phase II was much the same as during Phase I, involving updating of the same form that had been developed at the outset of the Project. As a result, details about all submissions that have been made over the two years of the project are readily accessible for review. 53 / TRAVELLER CULTURE AND THE MEDIA’S ROLE IN RACISM AND SECTARIANISM

5.6 Article Submission: Successes/Challenges

Phase I successes of the Project included publication in at least one media outlet of every submission that was made. This accomplishment was extremely gratifying as – minus publication – all of the work involved in researching and writing positive articles about Travellers would have been for nought. Two key factors were particularly important to achieving this success: first, the interest value of the subject matter that the articles addressed, and second, the willingness that a number of local editors showed to include good news and features about Travellers in their newspapers or on their radio shows. Due to the fact that space on a newspaper page or time on the air is the equivalent of valuable real estate, the R&CC Traveller Press Project made a point of emailing a thank-you to media outlets every time a submission appeared or an interview was broadcast.

The largest challenge regarding article submission during Phase I involved learning the preferences of different editors on the subject, especially in the case of longer feature articles that lacked an obvious news hook. Some editors preferred that they only be sent submissions that had been sent to them exclusively, while others were more concerned with being in a position to run an article first. The media consultant attempted to accommodate these preferences in as fair and balanced a way as possible.

Successes during Phase II similarly included a high level of uptake by local media outlets of submissions that were made to them, with the result being that over the course of the entire project, nearly 60 submissions were published by at least one local media outlet.

One Phase II submission, an article about Donegal’s first all-Traveller football team, was particularly well received, being published by every newspaper that it was submitted to. Another, an article about the outstanding work being done by a young Traveller named Denise Delaney who is chairperson of her Residents’ Association in Buncrana, was published both locally and in Voice of the Traveller.

Probably the main challenge regarding article submission during Phase II was coming to terms with the relative lack of newspaper uptake of submissions about a second visit that well-known actor/director Michael Collins made to Donegal as part of the R&CC Project, this time to perform his play “Magpies on the Pylon”. While the subject of the play – the effect that suicide has on family members who are left behind – was timely and well received by audience members, newspapers were far more reluctant to publish either pre- or post-performance submissions about it than they had been about the subjects of other Michael Collins plays. A full- length audience reaction feature about the performances in Letterkenny and Ballyshannon – which included a quote by audience member Cllr. 54 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

Gerry McMonagle, Mayor of Letterkenny, about new suicide intervention measures that he was introducing at Council-level, plus a photo of Cllr. McMonagle and Mr. Collins – failed to be published by any local paper. This was the only case over the life of the project when the R&CC internet site offered the only option for publication of an article about Travellers. As it turned out, the article additionally ended up being published in the April 2012 edition of the national Irish Traveller Movement newsletter, a welcome development – especially in light of the fact that the media consultant hadn’t submitted it there!

5.7 Internet Site: Successes/Challenges

In September 2010 the R&CC Traveller Press Project launched a website on the free Weebly website service at http://donegaltravellersproject.weebly. com. The website is divided into five sections, Home, Blog, Photo Gallery, Trainings, and Events, and includes nearly every article that has been written during both phases of the project. Articles were only uploaded onto the site after local newspapers had had a chance to run them, so as not to diminish their appeal as candidates for publication.

Successes of the website include the fact that it appears as one of the the first listings in response to Google searches for “Respecting and Connecting Communities Project” or “Donegal Travellers Project” separately, and as the first listing in response to a search for both of those terms together.

One challenge that stood to result from setting up a website was avoided at the outset by an Editorial Committee decision not to include a Comments page on the site. This decision was based on experience that Committee members had had or knew about of Comments sections on Traveller websites being used to leave negative remarks about Travellers.

The successes of the internet site during Phase II were much the same as they had been in Phase I, with it continuing to represent an opportunity for ongoing dissemination of positive news and features about Donegal Travellers.

The main internet-related challenge encountered during Phase II related not to the Project’s own site but to other websites that are playing a larger and larger role in coverage of news in Donegal. Whereas the Project policy was to wait to post articles on its own website until local newspapers had had a chance to run them, it had no control over websites which were run by newspapers themselves. On some newspaper-run sites, a Project article would not be posted until after the newspaper had published it, but on others, an article could end up being posted almost immediately after it was submitted by the Project to the newspaper – and long before that paper or any other had had a chance to print it. This development complicated 55 / TRAVELLER CULTURE AND THE MEDIA’S ROLE IN RACISM AND SECTARIANISM

Project efforts to balance out which publication got first shot at publishing a given submission and is apt to become even more of a factor for future media initiatives if, as expected, use by readers of internet sources for local news becomes more widespread.

5.8 Radio Interviews: Successes/Challenges

While most of the submissions that the R&CC Traveller Press Project made during Phase I were more geared to print than to broadcast media, there were a couple of notable exceptions, one being a release about acclaimed actor/director Michael Collins’ engagement to perform his play “Mobile” in Donegal. Soon after emailing a short release about the engagement to radio stations, the Project received several phone calls from radio shows that were interested in broadcasting interviews with Mr. Collins. In one of these cases, Mr. Collins conducted the interview over the phone from Dublin, but in all of the others he attended the studios with R&CC Events Co-ordinator Annmarie Keogh and they were interviewed together. Both the play and the R&CC Project as a whole received welcome publicity among the listening audience as a result.

A second Project submission which led to a radio interview during Phase I regarded the engagement of well-known national newspaper columnist and media commentator Terry Prone to be the keynote speaker at the R&CC event with local media. The press release that the Project sent out about this event led to a 25-minute interview of Ms. Prone on Highland Radio’s hugely popular Shaun Doherty Show which focussed almost entirely on Traveller/settled relations. Ms. Prone’s theme during the interview – that Travellers, like settled people, should be seen as individuals rather than as stereotypes – was very much in line with the overall theme of the R&CC Project.

R&CC Traveller Press Project submissions led to several successful radio interviews during Phase II, including advance publicity interviews by Michael Collins for his “Magpies on the Pylon” play and an interview with DTP Community Worker Anne McLean about an EU Fiscal Treaty debate that the Stranorlar Traveller Women’s Group organised with TDs Joe McHugh and Thomas Pringle.

An additional radio interview during Phase II represented both a success and a challenge. The interview invitation arose in response to an article about the appointment of Annmarie Keogh and Kathleen McGinley to positions as R&CC Peace Officers for Phase II. The invitation was accepted by Ms. Keogh, who very capably discussed the plans that she and Ms. McGinley had for their new appointments during the interview. Just as the interview was finishing up, however, a challenge arose which Travellers and other minority community members say is a common occurrence in radio 56 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

interview situations; namely, the focus of the interview becomes shifted from the topic that had been agreed on ahead of time to one that is totally unrelated. When this happens, Traveller and other minority community members say, they end up being put on the spot to answer questions about controversial issues associated with their communities that they may or may not have any particular connection to or information about. In this case, text messages that were read aloud in response to the interview included one that asked about Traveller grave-sites, a question that the presenter then decided to put to Ms. Keogh. Immediately recognising that a shift had taken place, Ms. Keogh politely declined to answer the question, stating that this was a topic she didn’t know much about. As a result, the focus of the interview remained firmly on her new appointment rather than being allowed to shift onto the controversial issue, which in and of itself was a considerable success under the circumstances.

5.9 Media Event and Focus Groups: Successes/Challenges

Successes of the Media Event during Phase I included the willingness of such a high profile speaker as well-known national newspaper columnist and media commentator Terry Prone to be the keynote speaker. Ms. Prone has a history of supporting Traveller organisations and also has experience on the editor’s side of the desk, which meant that she brought a well- balanced perspective to the subject of the interface between minority communities and the media. She gave a lively speech at the event which encouraged minority communities to heighten visibility of any good news that they might have to share by submitting their own articles to local media outlets, rather than waiting for the media to come to them. Considering the fact that this is exactly what the R&CC Traveller Press Project was designed to do, Ms. Prone’s message was a welcome validation of the project as a whole. Her speech also included the suggestion that minority community members take a proactive approach to any problems that they have with media coverage of their communities by meeting personally with the editor(s) involved to discuss their concerns.

The event additionally featured short speeches by Donegal minority community members, who discussed areas of concern that they had regarding media coverage of their communities. These speakers included young Travellers and members of the African, Polish, and Lesbian/Gay/ Bisexual/Transgender (LGBT) communities, whose contributions provided a crucial local focus for the event. Francine Blaché-Breen, author of a 2002 “Analysis of the Portrayal of Ethnic Minorities in the Donegal Print Media”, commented publicly that mentioning the ethnicity of a person in a headline or article when it is not relevant to the subject of the article is a breach of the National Union of Journalists’ Code of Conduct injunction against producing material likely to lead to hatred or discrimination. 57 / TRAVELLER CULTURE AND THE MEDIA’S ROLE IN RACISM AND SECTARIANISM

The main challenge for this event, as for others if its type that the media consultant has attended, was actually attracting members of the media to attend it. This challenge was compounded by the fact that a general election was called for the week following the date that the event had been scheduled to be held, meaning that it ended up competing with debates and other election-related matters for busy media members’ time and attention. The media consultant attempted to address the relatively low turn-out by members of the media by subsequently submitting an article which highlighted key points that had been made during the event plus photos to all media outlets. This article, which was printed by one newspaper, was thereafter uploaded onto the R&CC Traveller Press Project website.

Phase II saw the Project focus shift to the organisation of media focus groups with minority community members from both the Traveller and settled communities. The groups solicited participants’ opinions on the coverage that their community receives from four different categories of media: television, newspaper, radio, and the internet. Participants were asked to answer three questions that had been developed by the R&CC team for each type of media: 1) Are there any issues/problems that you have with the way in which your community has been portrayed? 2) Are there any ways that these portrayals have affected you personally, your friends/acquaintances, your family, or other community members? 3) What do you think should be done about these issues/problems to improve the situation?

Representatives from a wide range of minority communities were invited to participate in focus groups, including Travellers and other ethnic minorities, Traveller and settled youths, older people, asylum-seekers, religious minorities, people with disabilities, and LGBT community members. All of the minority community members who agreed to participate provided very thoughtful feedback which was subsequently compiled into a Media Focus Group Report that was distributed to the Donegal CDB Peace and Reconciliation Partnership, the National Union of Journalists, and other relevant agencies and organisations. One key to the success of the focus groups was the assistance that minority community members themselves provided in running the groups and asking the questions, as it is unlikely that the same amount of feedback would have been forthcoming from participants without the encouragement of people whom they knew. 58 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

5.10 Key Lessons Learned

The key lesson learned during both phases of the R&CC Traveller Press Project was that Donegal media outlets are generally willing to disseminate positive news stories and features about Travellers which have been submitted to them from the outside for consideration. That said, the extent of willingness varied, with some media outlets disseminating a relatively high percentage of the material submitted to them and others disseminating very little. It can fairly be said that the success of the R&CC Traveller Press Project during both phases hinged to a considerable extent on the fact that Donegal is a county with a large number of media outlets which are governed by a wide range of editorial philosophies regarding the material that they are interested in publishing or broadcasting.

At the end of the Project, arrangements were made for thank-you letters to be sent by the R&CC Steering Committee to the ten editors and radio presenters who had been the most supportive of the Project over its two- year duration. Without the willingness and participation of local media representatives to disseminate the material, submission of positive articles and releases about Travellers would be entirely pointless.

A highlight of Phase II was the co-production of several newspaper submissions with Travellers, including “Work starts on ‘Myths and Legends’ entry for St. Patrick’s Day Parade” with members of the DTP Youth Group, “Ballyshannon Easter Break Programme builds skills and friendships” with photographer Anne Marie Ward, and “6th Annual Afternoon Tea Dance a huge success” with photographers Margaret Boyle and Ms. Ward. Involvement by Travellers in making submissions to the local media would be an aspect of the Project to continue and develop in future projects of this type, as no journalists can possibly cover the Traveller community as fully and engagingly as ones who are Travellers themselves. 59 / TRAVELLER CULTURE AND THE MEDIA’S ROLE IN RACISM AND SECTARIANISM

5.11 Evaluation/Impact

Although the R&CC Traveller Press Project had no official evaluation mechanism built in to its remit during either phase, the fact that nearly 60 submissions ended up being published or broadcast over the course of the Project was in itself evidence that Donegal newspaper readers and radio listeners had been exposed to numerous positive messages about and images of Travellers. Favourable responses that Donegal Travellers Project received from Travellers and settled community members to the media presence which arose from the R&CC Traveller Press Project further illustrated the positive impact that the Project had had. Although it may be the case that there is still a lot of ground to cover before the day when Travellers can feel confident of being fully included as individuals rather than automatically dismissed due to stereotypes, the publication of so many articles about the numerous positive contributions and accomplishments by Donegal Travellers can only be a step in the right direction. Chapter 6 Conclusion and Recommendations 61 / CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Conclusion & Recommendations

This publication sought to document the experiences of the Respecting & Connecting Communities Project as it strived to meet the overall aim of building positive relations between the Traveller and settled communities. The publication first looked at the issue of conflict and explored both the challenges and successes encountered by the project in the development of an integrated framework for addressing conflict between the Traveller and settled communities.

A key challenge that arose during the delivery of the integrated framework was the level of complexity involved in developing measures aimed at facilitating the resolution of conflict between the two communities. The complexity of the issues was set out at Table 3.5 through the various structural and proximate factors identified by key stakeholders as impacting on or leading to conflict. These factors were set out in order to provide a framework for understanding conflict in a political, economic and social context. This approach proves a mechanism for going beyond symptoms and for addressing root causes.

‘Before we as a society can liberate ourselves from the grip of racism, we have to acknowledge that it exists, and that it is not something which has been blown out of proportion; neither is it the figment of some people’s imagination.20’

Racism identified as a key structural factor and a key characteristic of Traveller/settled conflict is defined by UNESCO as “anti-social beliefs and acts which are based on the fallacy that discriminatory inter-group relations are justifiable on biological grounds”21. A 2011 report to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination stated, “Ireland is not prioritising the elimination of racial discrimination. Since Ireland last reported, the human rights and equality infrastructure that worked to combat racism and eliminate discrimination has been either destroyed or disabled… Travellers continue to face widespread discrimination and recent reports have detailed shocking disparities in health education and life expectancy that exist between Travellers and the general population. Effective human rights and

20. Shadd A, in McKague, 1991.

21. Definition of Racism from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation. 62 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

equality bodies are required to monitor and combat racial discrimination and restoring the resources to carry out this work is essential.22

The All-Ireland Traveller Health Study published in 2010 acknowledged the considerable influence that psychosocial factors such as discrimination can have on health outcomes. It goes so far as to state that health policies overly dominated by disease-focused and reductionist solutions that operate at the level of the individual without a wider appreciation of social determinants are unlikely to be successful23. In recent years social capital literature has grown and it is now well established that aspects of immediate and wider community life can both promote and demote good health24. Accordingly, it is in the interest of all those living in a community to ensure that it is a positive and supportive place to live.

Given the severity of the impact of racism on the individuals and communities concerned, any interventions aimed at resolving conflict between the Traveller and settled communities must have the necessary safeguards in place to ensure that the role of racism is taken into account and dealt with appropriately.

The effective allocation of limited resources is also an issue when deciding on the most appropriate course of action, as even if there were unlimited resources available, the question of how resources should be spent and the impact on relationship building has to be considered.

There is also a clear gender dimension to the Traveller/settled conflict, with female members of communities often being left with a heavier burden in terms of their role in dealing with the negative impact of conflict. This must be taken into account in any proposed intervention.

This publication then reviewed the key challenges in developing more positive relationship, between Traveller and settled communities, through the promotion of social interaction between the two communities. “At present, most contact between the two communities is confined to formal relationships such as economic transactions, statutory service provision or interactions with community based groups or policy forums25. In terms of promoting social interaction, the project sought to improve mutual appreciation and understanding between individuals and groups and to contribute to overcoming communication problems and misunderstanding.

22. Dr. Maurice Manning, President of the Irish Human Rights Commission (IHRC), briefing the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination on Ireland’s record of combating racial discrimination, [February, 2011].

23. All-Ireland Traveller Health Study Team, “All-Ireland Traveller Health Study – Our Geels”, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin [September, 2010].

24. Coleman, 1988; Kawachi and Kennedy, 1997; Putnam, 1995; Kawachi et al., 1999; Bourdieu, 1999; Berkman and Kawachi, 2000; Kim et al., 2006). 63 / CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Members of a Traveller/Settled Women’s Group in Pilot Area A identified the following as key to building positive relations between diverse interest groups:

1. Inclusion of all voices in a discussion.

2. Consensus decision-making, as distinct to a decision made by a majority views.

3. Finding common interest.

4. Confidence and clarity to speak from your own side and to seek a commitment or a next step on how concerns may be addressed.

5. Seeing a situation from the other person’s side without taking their side.

Finally, given the limited communication between the two communities, this publication acknowledged the media’s role as particularly important in shaping perceptions and playing a key role in promoting interculturalism and anti-racism26. Terry Prone, who is chairperson of the Dublin-based Communications Clinic and was keynote speaker at a media seminar held during the delivery of the project, encouraged minority communities to be proactive in providing media outlets with positive stories about their members. “I think it’s important that Traveller and other groups know that the media is like a hungry lion,” she said. “You have to feed it stuff. If you feed it interesting stuff, it will eat that. Otherwise, it will eat you.”

It is important to note that the different elements and objectives delivered under this project have long since been recognised by other groups and organisations working to improve relationships between the Traveller and settled communities. In 1983 the second phase in government policy development with regard to Travellers was contained in the “Report of the Travelling People Review Body”. The Review Body was asked to examine “how barriers of mistrust between the settled and Travelling communities can be broken down and mutual respect for each other’s way of life increased”. The Report of the Task Force on the Travelling Community in 1995 recommended that “every opportunity must be taken to increase levels of contact between the Traveller and settled communities at national levels and more particularly at local community. This will contribute to the reduction in the present levels of conflict and tension which exist between both communities by helping to eradicate misconceptions, intolerance and hostility.”

25. Department of Justice and Equality [2005], “Second Progress Report of the Committee to Monitor and Coordinate the Implementation of the Recommendations of the Task Force on the Travelling Community”.

26. See 25 above. 64 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

In January 2008, following representations by the Chairman of the National Traveller Monitoring and Advisory Committee and by Traveller organisations, the Code of Practice being developed by the Independent Press Council was reviewed and amended. This resulted in Travellers being explicitly identified as a group to be considered in relation to the publication of material which might cause serious offence or provoke hatred. The approach in the Code of Practice is now in line with that of the Prohibition of Incitement to Hatred Act, 1989, and in equality legislation. This outcome is a good example of how constructive dialogue between stakeholders can achieve positive results.

The Citizen Traveller Campaign, a government funded media campaign which aimed to contribute to a greater understanding between the Traveller and settled communities, took place from 1998 to 2002 in the national media.

Pavee Point Travellers’ Centre has taken a lead role in developing conflict transformation and reconciliation initiatives and has been supported in its efforts by the Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform. In 2009, The Midlands Traveller Conflict and Mediation Initiative was developed through interagency co-operation in Westmeath, Longford, Offaly and Laois.

Following on from previous interventions and initiatives, this project has served to highlight the value of an integrated approach in working towards the achievement of common aims and objectives. This integrated approach has produced a number of benefits: it established a dedicated local coordination mechanism should conflict arise, established a broad based local forum designed to support engagement between the Traveller and settled communities; highlighted the contribution that all local agencies can make to the integrated approach; and established a means for developing best practices in conflict resolution and in the delivery of a concerted media strategy. The process also led to the development of new organisational relationships.

Key stakeholders within the Respecting & Connecting Communities Project have recommended the continuation of the three key elements of the project aimed at building positive relations between the Traveller and settled communities. It has been further recommended that key stakeholders should integrate interventions into their core programme of activity in order to continue the work of the project, whilst ensuring that both communities are involved from concept stage to full implementation of the intervention.

Building positive relations between the Traveller and settled community can be difficult. However, complexity should not be confused with impossibility or act as a defence for inactivity27. The outcome must be to identify and 65 / CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

implement measures that will bring about improvements, however small, for those concerned. In order to achieve these improvements, a whole systems approach needs to be implemented. “It is vital that, in the coming years, the various Government agencies responsible, together with the community as a whole, work to ensure the full implementation of all the Task Force Report’s recommendations”28. It is a joint challenge to which both sides need to demonstrate equal commitment to making progress.

Looking to the future now, it is important to maintain the momentum for change and build on the successes that have been achieved. When asked at the outset of the project to identify key challenges to building positive relations between the Traveller and settled communities, members of the project’s Steering Committee identified the following as a challenge:

Acceptance, can we make a difference?

The Respecting & Connecting Communities Project recognises that “there is no perfect peace programme”29, however it further recognises that through the dedicated commitment of individuals and organisations to strive towards a common goal ...we can make a difference.

27. Department of Justice and Equality, “Second Progress Report of the Committee to Monitor and Coordinate the Implementation of the Recommendations of the Task Force on the Travelling Community”.

28. See 27 above.

29. Anderson M, Olson L and Doughty K, “Confronting War: Critical Lessons for Peace Practitioners”, The Collaborative for Development Action, Inc. [2003]. 66 Appendices 67 / APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Group Membership

1.1 Respecting & Connecting Communities Steering Committee

Name Organisation

Mícheál Ó hÉanaígh Director of Community, Culture & Planning Donegal County Council

Anne Marie Conlon, Social Inclusion Co-ordinator Donegal County Council

Kathleen McGinley, Traveller Support Worker Respecting & Connecting Communities Donegal County Council

Catherine Anne Kelly, Development Officer Respecting & Connecting Communities Donegal County Council

Karin White, Cultural Diversity Officer Donegal County Council

Fergus McAteer, Traveller Accommodation Officer Donegal County Council

Mary Surpless, Visiting Teacher for Travellers Department of Education

Cllr. Dessie Larkin, Chairman Donegal CDB Peace and Reconciliation Partnership

Siobhán McLaughlin, Manager Donegal Travellers Project

Hugh Friel, Traveller Accommodation Worker Donegal Travellers Project

Sarah Hargadon, Sergeant An Garda Síochána

Maire O’Leary, Social Inclusion Manager Health Service Executive

John Jackson, Community Development Officer Inishowen Development Partnership

Ciaran Martin, Development Officer Letterkenny Town Council

Cróna Gallagher, Adult Education Officer County Donegal Vocational Education Committee

Julie Costello, Freelance Journalist 68 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

1.2 Respecting & Connecting Communities Integrated Framework Working Group

Name Organisation

Anne Marie Conlon, Social Inclusion Co-ordinator Donegal County Council

Fergus McAteer, Traveller Accommodation Officer Donegal County Council

Catherine Anne Kelly, Development Officer Respecting & Connecting Communities Donegal County Council

Mary Surpless, Visiting Teacher for Travellers Department of Education

Siobhán McLaughlin, Manager Donegal Travellers Project

Hugh Friel, Traveller Accommodation Worker Donegal Travellers Project

Maire O’Leary, Social Inclusion Manager Health Service Executive

Ita Ward, Public Health Nurse for Traveller Health Health Service Executive

Sarah Hargadon, Sergeant An Garda Síochána

Michael Galvin, Sergeant An Garda Síochána

Cróna Gallagher, Adult Education Officer County Donegal Vocational Education Committee

Vivienne Doherty, Director, STTC, County Donegal Vocational St. Fiachras Training Centre Education Committee 69 / APPENDICES

Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Glossary of Terms Bibliography

PEACE III Programme Managed for The United Nations Interagency the Special EU Programmes Body by Framework for conflict analysis in Donegal County Council. Established in transition situations, November 2004. 1995 to promote cross-border peace and reconciliation and is targeted at the Donegal County Development Board, Border Counties and Northern Ireland. Planning for Social Inclusion, A Statistical Toolkit 2009, Research & Policy Unit, SEUPB Its main role is to manage cross- Social Inclusion Unit, Donegal County border European Union Structural Funds Council. programmes in Northern Ireland, the Border Region of Ireland and parts of Good Practice Checklist for the Operation Western Scotland. of Traveller Interagency Committees from the Perspective of Traveller Organisations, Donegal County Development Board Irish Traveller Movement. (CDB) The primary aim of the CDB is to achieve greater co-ordination in the Pavee Point Mediation Service, Working area of development and the delivery of with Travellers and Settled People to Build public services to citizens of the State. Better Relationships. The Board has representation from all sectors in the county: Local Government, The Task Force Report on the Travelling the State Sector, Local Development and Community in 1995. Social Partners including the Community and Voluntary Sector. Conflict 101 by Rod Windle and Suzanne Warren. Donegal CDB Peace and Reconciliation Partnership Donegal Research and Recommendations for CDB Peace and Reconciliation Partnership the Implementation of a Co-ordinated is a subcommittee of and reports to the Interagency Approach in the Delivery of Donegal County Development Board. Services to Travellers in Donegal, 2007. The role of the Partnership is to take responsibility for the development, planning and implementation of the Donegal Peace and Reconciliation Action Plan.

Donegal County Development Board Interagency Group on Traveller Issues – Established in February 2007 to better co-ordinate the delivery of services and supports to the Traveller community in Donegal in line with Government recommendations following the Report of the High Level Group on Traveller Issues, which was published in March, 2006. 70 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

Appendix 4 Pilot Areas: Action Plans

4.1 Pilot Area B: Action Plan Based on Issues Identified

Issue Next Step Who to Involve?

Lack of facilities/programmes Contact local Youth Local Young People Service Providers in for Young People Providers operating in the area the area

Support for Residents’ Contact local Local community, Association community, voluntary voluntary & statutory & statutory sectors sectors with a remit of providing support to residents’ associations

Dissatisfaction with Referral to County County Council Communal Areas Council

Signage & Ramps in the estate Referral to County County Council Council

Dog Warden Referral to County County Council Council

Negative Media Coverage Identify positive news Local Media stories to submit to local media 71 / APPENDICES

When/How? What’s Required? Recommendation

A.S.A.P Financial support to Deliver dedicated programmes of activities for young run programmes of people in the area. This action is to be delivered by activities the Respecting & Connecting Communities Project in collaboration with local Youth Service Providers.

Immediately Human Resources Project to identify representatives from the local community, voluntary & statutory sectors who provide support to residents’ associations. Following the identification of service providers, residents in the estate to be notified that such support is available. Follow up as necessary.

Immediately Clarity as to Referral to County Council staff who are responsible exact nature of for the upkeep and maintenance of the estate. dissatisfaction

Immediately Financial Resources Referral to County Council staff who are responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of the estate.

Immediately Human Resources Referral to Dog Warden

Immediately Human Resources Submission of positive news stories to highlight the good work being carried out in the area. 72 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

Appendix 5 Pilot Areas: Action Plans continued

4.2 Pilot Area A: Action Plan Based on Issues Identified

4.2.1 Issue: Crime & Burglaries

Issue Next Step Who to Involve?

Home Security Lighting/Alarms/Locks Owners/Landlords if you can afford them

Basic Security Information, Contact Gardaí Garda Information Lock Doors etc. Information Officer/ Officer/Estate work with neighbours

Neighbourhood Watch Contact Gardai/ Gardaí/ Donegal County Council Neighbours

4.2.2 Issue: Responsibilities of Parents

Find out what parenting classes Advertising the various Groups/Organisations are available services/supports/classes available in the area

Identify a gap How to bridge the gap Community Groups

4.2.3 Issue: Responsibilities of Parents

Parent/Toddler Groups Planning & Organising Community and Community Group

Summer Programme with Planning & Organising Community and parents and children Community Group 73 / APPENDICES

When/How? What’s Required? Recommendation

A.S.A.P Financial Support/ Lighting: Residents’ Associations to identify black spots Grants for referral to Donegal County Council through the Community Safety Forum. Alarms: Letterkenny CDP to notify residents over 65 of grants available in relation to alarms. These grants can be accessed through the CDP. Locks: Information sessions to be held once or twice a year notifying residents of basic security measures, i.e. the importance of ensuring doors and windows are locked. This item is to be referred to Community Safety Forum.

Ongoing 1 to 2 times Brochures/Radio Basic Security: Information sessions to be held once or a year Newspapers twice a year notifying residents of basic security measures i.e. the importance of ensuring doors and windows are locked. This item is to be referred to Community Safety Forum.

Re-new every two Gardaí/Two Neighbourhood Watch: Referral of request years representatives from to Community Safety Forum for revitalisation of each estate Neighbourhood Watch Groups in the area.

Start immediately/ Human Resources Parenting Classes: Letterkenny CDP to collate work with Community information regarding the various services/supports/ Organisations classes ongoing in the area and circulate to residents.

Subject to funding Tutor/Venue/ Identify a gap: This will be carried out by Stakeholder Refreshments/ Group following collation of information of other services Childcare/Publicise in the area.

Once a week in the Venue/Play/ Parent Toddler Classes: This is to be arranged by R&CC mornings Equipment/Facilitator Project, Donegal Travellers Project and Letterkenny CDP for the Long Lane Area.

Summer Funding/Collaboration Summer Programme: This will be a follow on among Groups in the Programme based on the lessons learned from the Community Programmes of Activities to be arranged relating to Parenting & Youth Activities. 74 / RESPECTING & CONNECTING COMMUNITIES

Appendix 5 Pilot Areas: Action Plans continued

4.2: Pilot Area A: Action Plan Based on Issues Identified

4.2.4 Issue: Bringing in Others

Issue Next Step Who to Involve?

Try to engage male participants Brainstorm as to what Male Participants in activities and events events/activities may be of interest

4.2.5 Issue: Expectations and Relationships with Gardaí

Bring issues from this group to the Follow up and get Representatives from Forum to be addressed by Gardaí feedback for this group this group who sit on the Forum

Promote the work of the Through day to day work Community Community Gardaí Stakeholder Group

4.2.6 Issue: Young people engaged in anti-social behaviour

Dedicated Youth Worker Already coming on board 10–18 yr olds

Positive Parenting Advertise with Schools/ 0–5 yr old / 5–10 yr old Colleges

4.2.7 Issue: Communication and Relationships between Traveller and settled residents

Coffee Morning Women’s Group Women in Long Lane Coffee Morning/info on Women’s Group

Parent & Toddler Groups R&CC Development Long Lane Parents Officer to get list of proposed Facilitators

Bringing Youth Groups together Pass on request to Youths in Long Lane to get perspective of youths Youth Worker Community Groups in Long

4.2.8 Issue: Cultural Differences

Intercultural Day Get different cultures All Community Groups and involved Ethnic Groups

4.2.9 Issue: Poor Image

Community Clean Up Select an estate to act as All residents in the estate a pilot before moving to other estates 75 / APPENDICES

When/How? What’s Required? Recommendation

Immediately Involvement Activities/Events: Stakeholder Group to speak to of Community participants who may be interested in taking part in Stakeholder Group a construction project e.g. some object that could be displayed in the Long Lane.

Monthly meeting Representative being Issues being addressed: Issues and concerns to be prepared brought to the attention of the Community Safety Forum/ An Garda Síochána.

Every day Everyone on Stakeholder Community Gardaí: The positive work of the Group to give feedback Community Gardaí should be promoted and relayed to their Communities back to the community.

Soon as possible Link person Youth Activities: Youth Group Sub-Committee to be set up consisting of Youth Groups in the area to work with Youth Worker. Programme of activities for the area to be delivered.

Soon as possible Suitable Course Positive Parenting: R&CC Project Development Officer Advertise/ collaborate Resources/Time/ to source course/services/supports available. Organise in with Parent/Toddler groups/ Facilitators/Venue collaboration with DTP& Letterkenny CDP/Stakeholder Group. Primary Schools Refreshments 4.2.7 Issue: Communication and Relationships between Traveller and settled residents

28th of February, 2012 Refreshments/Info Leaflets/ Coffee Morning: To be organised by Long Lane LYFS Facilitator/Venue Women’s Group. 10.00-12.00

Every Friday for 4 Facilitator/Venue/ Parent & Toddler: This is to be arranged by R&CC weeks commencing Refreshments Project, Donegal Travellers Project and Letterkenny CDP on 9th of March. for the Longlane Area.

Youth Worker to follow Venue/Facilitator/ Youth Advisory Committee: Dedicated Youth Worker up in February Youth Groups to set up Youth Advisory Committee.

To be decided Venue/Music/Food Intercultural Day: This day will be developed as a Dance closing event to showcase all the work carried out in Publicity/Crafts the area. Exact theme to the event still to be agreed by Stakeholder Group.

Immediately Bags/Pincers/Treats Community Clean Up: This activity is to be reviewed for kids/Community at the next meeting. Involvement

First published 2012

By Respecting & Connecting Communities, Social Inclusion Unit, Donegal County Council, Community, Culture and Planning, Station Island, Lifford, County Donegal.

Contact: Social Inclusion Unit, Donegal County Council.

Tel: 074 917 2531 Fax: 074 914 2130

Website: www.donegalcoco.ie

Design: Carton LeVert.

Resource Guide Compiled By: Catherine Anne Kelly, Social Inclusion Unit, Donegal County Council.

Contributors: Julie Costello.

The view and opinions expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission or the Special EU Programmes Body. Respecting Respecting & Connecting Communities & Connecting Communities

Building Positive Relations between the Traveller and Settled Communities An Integrated Approach to Relationship Building An Integrated Approach to Relationship Building An Integrated

DAn éagsúlacú ht a ch n u im s iú l a g u s

a n

c a h

i l i

d g a y h t i s

v i

d Donegal County Development Board e

n i

t n

d G

Bord Forbartha Chontae Dhún na nGall

n o i

a a

m e l D l

Comhairle Chontae Dhún na nGall Donegal County Council

Project supported by PEACE III Programme managed for the Special EU Programmes Body by Donegal County Council