HELELEʻI KA UA LILINOE, OLA KA HONUA HE PAPAHANA ʻIMI NOIʻI A KĀLAILAI HOʻI NO KA MEA KĀKAU NŪPEPA ʻO J. W. K. KAUALILINOE
I PEPA NUI I MEA E KŌ AI KEKAHI O NĀ KOINA NO KA PAPAHANA LAEOʻO MA KE KULANUI O HAWAIʻI MA MĀNOA
LAEOʻO ʻŌLELO HAWAIʻI KA HĀLAU ʻŌLELO HAWAIʻI ʻO KAWAIHUELANI HAWAIʻINUIĀKEA
MEI 2021
NA JACOB HAUʻOLI IKAIKA POʻOKELA LORENZO-ELARCO
KE KŌMIKE PEPA NUI LAEOʻO:
NOENOE K. SILVA, KA LUNA HOʻOMALU KAHIKINA DE SILVA RALPH LALEPA KOGA MARIE ALOHALANI BROWN
HOʻOKULEANA ʻIA
© Jacob Hauʻoli Ikaika Poʻokela Lorenzo-Elarco, 2021
i
HOʻOLAʻA ʻIA
No J. W. K. Kaualilinoe + No Dora Maile Kauilaokalani Vellocido
ii ME KA PALENA ʻOLE: MAHALO
iii
MANAʻO HŌʻULUʻULU
He pepa kālailai nō kēia e moʻolelo mai ana no J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, kekahi mea kākau nūpepa
ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi kahiko. Kālele nui ʻia kēlā poʻe nūpepa ma kēia au hoʻōla ʻike Hawaiʻi, ʻōlelo
Hawaiʻi, a me ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi. Haka pono mau ʻia nā ʻaoʻao lahilahi nūpepa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi ma kona ʻano he waihona ʻike kuʻuna e mālama nei i nā moʻolelo, ka moʻokūʻauhau, a me nā mele. ʻAʻole naʻe i hoʻokaulona pono ʻia nā mea kākau nāna i palapala mai i ua mau ʻike nei i kīloa ʻia hoʻi i ia poʻe waihona no kākou, kā lākou poʻe mamo hoʻi. ʻElua māhele nui o kēia moʻolelo. ʻO ka māhele mua, e kālailai ʻia ana nā manaʻo nui a me nā mea nui hoʻi pili i ka ʻike
Hawaiʻi ma loko o kāna mau mea i kākau ai mai ka M.H. 1865 a i ka M.H. 1880 i hōʻoia hou ʻia ai ka waiwai o ka hana puʻaka a Kaualilinoe. ʻO ka māhele ʻelua, e kālailai hou ʻia ana kāna i kākau ai i ʻike ʻia ai kona moʻolelo kanaka. Ma o kēia pepa nei, e hoʻākea ʻia ko kākou noʻonoʻo
Hawaiʻi ʻana, a e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, e hoʻohanohano ʻia, a e mahalo ʻia hoʻi kekahi mea kākau
Hawaiʻi a me kāna mau hana puʻaka.
iv ABSTRACT This paper will share the story of J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, a writer of the Hawaiian language newspapers. These newspapers continue to be a focal point of study as they fuel cultural resurgence, language revitalization, and Hawaiian identity. Newspaper columns have become repositories of information to preserve narratives, legends, genealogy, and song. However, authors who penned these articles have long been neglected as a topic of study. This story will contain two main acts. The first is dedicated to analyzing the important cultural features, language lessons, and recurring themes of Kaualilinoe’s writings in various Hawaiian language newspapers between 1865 and 1880. The second reanalyzes his writings to investigate and explore the possible identity of J. W. K Kaualilinoe. This thesis will provide further understanding of Hawaiian thought that is masterfully woven in compositions of the 19th century whilst remembering and honoring a lesser-known, yet equally important, Hawaiian writer.
v
PAPA KUHIKUHI
ME KA PALENA ʻOLE: MAHALO ...... iii MANAʻO HŌʻULUʻULU ...... iv PAPA KUHIKUHI ...... vi E LEI MAU NA LEHUA PUAKEA O NANIUAPO: HE HOʻOLAUNA ...... 1 No Kaualilinoe, He Inoa: Ka Wehewehe Kumuhana ...... 2 Ke Kumu I Koho ʻIa Ai ʻO J. W. K. Kaualilinoe ...... 6 Haukawewe Nā ʻŌmaka Ua O Kūlanihākoʻi: No Ka Noiʻi Nowelo ...... 8 Kahe Ka Wai O Ke Kahawai: Nā Mea I Kākau Mua ʻIa ...... 12 I Kupalaka ʻOle Ka Wai: He Hoʻākāka No Nā Loina O Ka Moʻolelo Nei ...... 17 E Heleleʻi Mai Ana: No Nā Mokuna E Hiki Koke Mai Ana ...... 19
MOKUNA I | E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA: NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA ...... 21 No Keia Olelo E Kau Ae La Maluna: He ʻŌlelo Hoʻolauna ...... 21 Pua Rose Nani Ka Wahine Noho Pono ...... 25 He Hoolikelike ...... 31 Ka Ino O Ka Awa ...... 45 No Manoa A Me Kona Mau Hiohiona ...... 51 He Nane ...... 57 I Hiki Ai Kakou I Ka Pane Poo O Ka Pono: He ʻŌlelo Panina ...... 75
MOKUNA II | KA IHU KAE-A-E-A O LIHUE, KAUAI: NO KALELEALUAKA ...... 77 Ke Puka Aku Imua O Ko Oukou Alo: He ʻŌlelo Hoʻolauna ...... 77 I Maopopo Ka Io A Me Ka Iwi: No Ka Moʻolelo ...... 78 Nā Mana ʻĒ Aʻe ...... 88 Maliuhaaino: Ka Ilāmuku ʻOʻopa ...... 96 O Ka Waiwai Iho La No Ia O Ka Hale ...... 100 Ua Kupono Loa Ka La I Ka Lolo ...... 106 E Nakele Aku Ana Na Opea ...... 117 Papahi Na Lei Hala I Ka A-i ...... 122 E Kuko Kaua ...... 124 Ua Pau Elua Koi: He ʻŌlelo Panina ...... 130 vi MOKUNA III | KA NIUHI AI HUMUHUMU O KAHULUI I MAUI: NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻAI ...... 131 I Maopopo Ai Kahi Ono: He ʻŌlelo Hoʻolauna ...... 131 Na Hihipea O Keia Moolelo ...... 134 Eia Au La o Keaka, O Ka Leo Kapu O Na Lani ...... 138 No Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu & Ke Kahuli Leo Lea ...... 144 Kokokomo Ua Mau Mahu Nei Iloko O Ke Ana ...... 157 E O'u Poe Hoa Luhi O Nei Mea He Heluhelu Kaao Ana: He ʻŌlelo Panina . 168
MOKUNA IV | NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKUA, O WAI LA KUU INOA?: NO J. W. K. KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KAKAU ...... 170 Hokai Na Noonoo Ole: He ʻŌlelo Hoʻolauna ...... 170 No Ka Pohihihi A Me Ka Noho Palaka Loa Ana O’u No Ko’u Inoa: No Nā Inoa Makapeni ...... 172 I Maopopo Ai Ko’u Inoa Maoli: No Ka Hunahuna ʻIke O Kaualilinoe ...... 187 O Haina Mai E Na Opu Noonoo A Noiau Hoi O Ka Aina: ʻO Ia Ala Paha ʻO Kaualilinoe ...... 196 Owai La Kuu Inoa: He ʻŌlelo Panina ...... 205 INU PU HOI I KA AWA KOLIKOLIKO O KAIMOANO: HE PANINA ...... 208 PAPA KUMU ʻIKE ...... 211 NĀ PĀKUʻINA ...... 225 Pākuʻina A: Nā Mea A J. W. K. Kaualilinoe I Kākau Ai ...... 225 Pākuʻina E: Nā Mea E Pili Ana Iā J. W. K. Kaualilinoe ...... 230 Pākuʻina I: Nā ʻAtikala No Nā Hiʻohiʻona ʻĀina ...... 231 Pākuʻina O: Ke Kaʻina Moʻolelo I Paʻi ʻIa Ma Nā Nūpepa ...... 235 Pākuʻina U: Nā Mana O Kalelealuaka ...... 236 Pākuʻina H: He Hoʻohālikelike Ma Waena O Kā Kaualilinoe Me Kā Emerson ...... 243 Pākuʻina K: He Hoʻohālikelike No Kekahi Mau Mana O Kalelealuaka ...... 244 Pākuʻina L: Nā Mana O Hāmeʻe I Loko O Ka Moʻolelo O Kalelealuaka ...... 245 Pākuʻina M: Nā Pana ʻĀina I Loko O Ka Moʻolelo O Kalelealuaka ...... 249 Pākuʻina N: Wela Ka Hoku, Ka Malama ...... 257 Pākuʻina P: Nā Laʻana ʻO Ka Painu Hunekuhi-La Nō Ia ...... 258 Pākuʻina W: Nā Laʻana Manaʻo Hawaiʻi No Ka Haʻi Manawa ...... 265 Pākuʻina A1: Nā Mele Mai Ka Moʻolelo O Kamaakamahiʻai Mai ...... 268
vii HE HOʻOLAUNA
E LEI MAU NA LEHUA PUAKEA O NANIUAPO
No J. W. K. Kaualilinoe nō kēia moʻolelo nei. He moʻolelo nō kēia e hōʻoia ʻia nei ka ʻike naʻauao a waiwai hoʻi a ua mea kākau nei i kākau ai ma nā ʻaoʻao lahilahi o nā nūpepa ʻōlelo
Hawaiʻi o ke au kahiko.1 E like nō hoʻi me ke ola mau ʻana o ka honua i ka ua, i ola nō hoʻi kākou a me ko kākou moʻolelo i kēia wahi Kanaka nei ʻo Kaualilinoe.2 Ma loko o kēia moʻolelo nei, e nānā ʻia ana ua Kaualilinoe nei ma kona ʻano he mea kākau me ke kālele nui ʻia o nā mea āna i kākau aku ai. ʻOiai he mea nui ka ua no ke ola o kēia moʻolelo, ke ola o kānaka, a me ke ola o ka honua, e wehewehe ʻia ana kēia pilina ua me ia ʻano mea i helu ʻia i luna aʻe nei.
“Uwē [pn] ka lani, ola ka honua.”3 Pili nō ʻo Kānaka a me nā mea a pau loa i ka ʻāina, no laila, ola nō kākou i ka ua. ʻO ka ua ka mea e māloʻiloʻi ai nā huawaimaka, kahi e hānau ʻia mai ai ka ʻoʻopu ʻalamoʻo. Moko ua mau huawaimaka lā a hāʻale ka wai ua. Mai uka mai nō e huelo ai a e pāhihi ai ia wai ma nā pali, a komo aku i nā lau wai. Kūneki a ola nā kahawai, kahi hoʻi e paʻa ai ka hīhīwai i ka pōhaku. Hele a kāneki ka wai ua i nā luawai, kahi e kiʻi ʻia ai ka wai e kānaka e kena ai ka puʻu. Waikahe mai nō ia wai a komo ma nā ʻauwai a me nā loʻi, kahi hoʻi e ulu ai ke kalo. Hoʻi hou ka wai i ke kahawai a iho i kai a komo i nā kiʻo wai, kahi hoʻi e panau ai ka ʻōpae.
Hōʻea mai ka wai i ka muliwai, kahi e hānai ʻia ai ke āholehole. Puka mai nō ka wai a komo i kai e hānai ʻia ai ko laila e like me ka limu ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka wai ua nō ka mea e mālama i ko uka me ko
1 Ke ʻōlelo ʻia ka hua ʻōlelo ʻo “nūpepa” i loko o kēia pepa nei, ke kuhi ʻia nei nā nūpepa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi o ke au i hala ma waena o nā M.H. 1837 a i ka M.H. 1948. 2 Inā pela ʻia ka hua ʻōlelo ʻo Kanaka/Kānaka me ka hua nui “K”, kuhi ʻia nō ka poʻe Hawaiʻi. Inā he liʻiliʻi ka hua “k” me kēia nei–kanaka/kānaka, ʻaʻole nō pili i ka lāhui. 3 ʻŌlelo Noʻeau # 2888. Mary Kawena Pukui, ʻŌlelo Noʻeau: Hawaiian Proverbs & Poetical Sayings. (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1983).
E LEI MAU NA LEHUA PUAKEA O NANIUAPO kai, ka holoholona me ke kanaka hoʻi. No laila, he pilina koʻikoʻi nō ko kākou a pau o ka honua me ka ua.
ʻO ka wai, kohu like nō ia me ka ʻike. Ke ola ka wai, ola ka ʻoʻopu, ola ka hīhīwai, ola ka loʻi, ola ke kai, ola nā kānaka, ola nō hoʻi ka honua. Pēia hoʻi me ka ʻike, ke heleleʻi mai ka ʻike ma luna o kākou ma o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā mākua a me nā kūpuna, ke aʻo kula ʻana, ka heluhelu puke a nūpepa paha, ka ʻimi noiʻi nowelo ʻana, a me nā ʻano ala hoʻonui ʻike hou aku, ola nō kākou poʻe kānaka i ka ʻike.
I ka haukawewe ʻana mai o nā ʻōmaka wai o Kūlanihākoʻi, a ua maila ka ua, ola nō hoʻi ko lalo, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻāina, ke kanaka, ka manu, ka iʻa, ka lāʻau, ke kahawai, ke kai a me nā mea a pau loa. ʻEʻole ka ua, ola pono kākou. Pēlā hoʻi me ka ʻole o ka ʻike, ʻaʻohe ola pono. ʻO ia nō ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai kēia moʻolelo nei ʻo Heleleʻi Ka Ua Lilinoe, Ola Ka Honua.4 I ka heleleʻi ʻana mai o ka ʻike waiwai a ua Kaualilinoe nei, ola nō kākou, a e ola ana nō hoʻi ia mau ʻike iā kākou.
NO KAUALILINOE, HE INOA: KA WEHEWEHE KUMUHANA
Ua hānai ʻia nō wau e ka ua Kīpuʻupuʻu ma ka ʻāina mauna ʻo Waimea. No ia kumu, ua
ʻike maka nō wau a maopopo leʻa nō iaʻu ka mea nui a koʻikoʻi o ka ua i ke ola mau ʻana o ke kanaka a me ka ʻāina. Ua hiki nō paha ke kuhi ʻia, ua like nō ka ua a me ka wai me ka ʻike o nā kūpuna, no ka mea, hānai pono ʻia kākou e nā ʻike o nā kūpuna. Ola nō kākou i ka ʻike kūpuna!
Inā ua pili nō ka wai i ka ʻike, ua pili nō hoʻi ka ʻōmaka wai i ke kumu ʻike. ʻO ka ua nō paha ka ʻōmaka wai. ʻO ia nō ke kumu, he pili loa nō ka wai me ka ua. No ka ʻike hoʻi, ʻo kona
4 Ua koho ʻia ʻo “Heleleʻi” ma kahi o uē no ka mea, ʻo ka heleleʻi nō paha ke ʻano o ka ua Lilinoe maoli. ʻO ka heleleʻi, he ua mālie paha ia ke nānā aku. Eia kekahi, ʻo ia paha ka hana a ua Kaualilinoe nei, ka mea kākau. He hōʻailona ke ʻano o ka heleleʻi ʻana o ka ua i ke ʻano o kāna hana. ʻAʻole paha ʻo ia uē, akā ua kilikili hau a hoʻoheleleʻi ʻo ia i ka ʻike hunahuna a liʻiliʻi paha ma nā nūpepa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi. ʻAʻole naʻe he ua loku a ikaika paha, a hālana piha nā ʻaoʻao nūpepa i kona ʻike a pau. No laila, ʻo ka heleleʻi paha ke kūpono.
2 HE HOʻOLAUNA
kumu ʻike ka mea nāna ia ʻike. Inā noʻonoʻo hou i nā ʻōmaka wai o ka ʻike i paʻa maila ma ka nūpepa, ʻo nā mea kākau nō ia ʻōmaka wai, nāna i waiho aku i ia mau ʻike ma laila, a me ka mea i aʻo aku iā ia. He palena ʻole nō ko kākou mahalo i ka wai no kona hānai ʻana iā kākou me nā mea a pau. ʻEʻole ka wai, ola kākou. Akā nō naʻe, ʻaʻole paha lawa ko kākou mahalo nui ʻana i ka
ʻōmaka wai, ʻo ia ka ua. Pēia paha me ka ʻike o ka nūpepa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi kahiko. Mahalo nui ʻia ka ʻike i loaʻa maila, kiʻi nui ʻia maila ka ʻike mai ka nūpepa mai, hoʻopilipili ʻia, kālailai ʻia, hoʻomau ʻia, a hoʻoili ʻia aku nō i kā kākou poʻe keiki. ʻAʻole naʻe kākou kālele nui i nā mea kakau nāna i kākau i ia ʻike. He minamina hoʻi kau! No laila, he moʻolelo nō hoʻi kēia e ʻimi aku ai i kekahi ʻōmaka wai o ka ʻike—ʻO J. W. K. Kaualilinoe nō ia.
ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o kēia pepa laeoʻo nei ka hoʻolauna hou ʻia ʻana o Kaualilinoe a me kāna mau hana puʻaka i ka poʻe o kēia hanauna nei. Ua ʻohiʻohi ʻia maila nō nā mea a pau loa
āna i kākau ai mai loko mai o nā nūpepa a me nā mea a pau loa e pili ana iā ia, a laila ua kālailai
ʻia nō kāna mea i kākau ai i ʻike leʻa ʻia ai ka waiwai loa i ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi, ka moʻolelo
Hawaiʻi, ka ʻike Hawaiʻi, a me ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, a i ʻike ʻia ai nō hoʻi kona moʻolelo Kanaka. ʻO ka hua e hua mai mai kēia hana mai nō, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana iā Kaualilinoe i loko o ko kākou waihona noʻonoʻo. E kū ana nō kēia no ka moʻolelo naʻauao o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna o ka
Lāhui Hawaiʻi nāna i kaulona i ko lākou noʻonoʻo ma luna o ka pono o kākou, ka poʻe mamo.5
Pēia nō hoʻi kākou o kēia au e hoʻohanohano, e hoʻomaikaʻi, e hoʻomanaʻo, a e mahalo ai hoʻi iā
Kaualilinoe a me nā poʻe kūpuna a pau i komo like i ia ʻano hana āna.
Ua haukamumu maila ʻo Kaualilinoe i ka wā like e hao nui mai ana nā mea kākau koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Samuel Mānaiakalani Kamakau, Joseph Hoʻonaʻauao Kānepuʻu, S. N.
Haleʻole, a me John Papa ʻĪʻī mā. He mau hoa nō lākou a pau loa i ke alo o nā nūpepa. Ma
5 ʻO “moʻolelo naʻauao” nō paha kahi ʻōlelo kūpono e kuhi aku ai i mea he intellectual history.
3 E LEI MAU NA LEHUA PUAKEA O NANIUAPO kekahi ʻano, ua kamaʻāina iki nō paha kākou i kekahi o kēlā poʻe inoa i helu ʻia i luna aʻe nei a me nā hana i kaulana ai lākou. Akā, mai nō a poina ē, e like me ka nui loa o nā nūpepa i paʻi ʻia, pēia nō hoʻi ka nui hou aku o ka poʻe mea kākau he mau haneli a kaukani a ʻoi aʻe paha e kīloa ana i ko lākou ʻike ma loko o ka waihona nūpepa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi kahiko. ʻO Kaualilinoe nō kekahi o ia poʻe mea kākau akamai i kamaʻāina nui ʻole i kēia hanauna nei.
Ua paʻi ʻia nō nā ʻatikala a J. W. K. Kaualilinoe ma waena o ka M.H. 1865 a me ka M.H.
1880 i nā nūpepa ʻo Ke Au Okoa (ʻo John Makini Kapena ka luna hoʻoponopono), ʻo Ka Nupepa
Kuokoa (ʻo L. H. Gulick, J. Kawainui, a me H. M. Whitney nā luna hoʻoponopono), a me Ko
Hawaiʻi Pae Aina (ʻo J. U. Kawainui ka luna hoʻoponopono).6 Koe naʻe kāna ʻatikala mua loa i kākau ʻia ma Kaholoakeāhole, Honolulu, ua kākau ʻia nō nā ʻatikala a pau ma Luheikawai,
Mānoa. ʻO Ka Moʻolelo o Kalelealuaka a me Ka Moʻolelo o Kamaakamahiʻai kāna mau moʻolelo nui loa i makana mai ai iā kākou, a ʻo ia mau moʻolelo nō nā mana mua loa o ia moʻolelo i paʻi ʻia ma nā nūpepa. ʻAʻole nui nā ʻike e pili ana i kona moʻolelo Kanaka ma waho aʻe o kāna ʻoihana kākau nūpepa, no ka mea, he inoa makapeni nō ʻo J. W. K. Kaualilinoe a ʻaʻole nō i huaʻi ʻia aʻela kona inoa maoli.7
Ua lilo nō kona inoa makapeni i alakaʻi nui no kēia pepa nei ma nā ʻano mea like ʻole. ʻO kekahi mea, ʻaʻole nō ka manaʻo nui o kēia pepa o ka huaʻi ʻana i ka inoa maoli. Ua hoʻohana nō
6 Esther K. Mookini, The Hawaiian Newspapers (Honolulu: Topgallant Publishing Company, Ltd., 1974), 5-6, 20-21, 36-37; Helen G. Chapin, Guide to Newspapers of Hawaiʻi, 1834-2000 (Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society, 2000), 9, 60, 80. Ua paʻi ʻia nā ʻatikala mua ʻelua ma Ke Au Okoa i nā makahiki mua o ia nūpepa. ʻAʻole nō naʻe i akāka loa ka luna hoʻoponopono i kēlā wā, a hoʻolaha ʻia ka inoa ʻo Kapena i ka M.H. 1870. Noenoe K. Silva, The Power of the Steel-Tipped Pen: Reconstructing Native Hawaiian Intellectual History (Durham: Duke University Press, 2017), 40. 7 I ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana me kekahi kumu aʻu, ʻo Kahikina de Silva, hāpai maila ʻo ia i ka hua ʻōlelo ʻo “inoa makapeni.” Koho akula wau i ia hua ʻōlelo ma kahi o ka inoa kapakapa a inoa peni paha. He inoa kapakapa nō ka inoa makapeni, akā pili pono nō kēia inoa ma ka peni, ʻoiai ʻo ia kekahi inoa e hoʻohana ʻia ma ke kākau ʻana. Eia kekahi, i koʻu manaʻo, ʻo ka inoa peni, he inoa nō ia no kekahi peni. No laila, ʻo ka inoa makapeni paha ke kūpono ʻoi loa.
4 HE HOʻOLAUNA
paha ʻo ia i kekahi inoa kapakapa no kekahi (mau) kumu, a he kuleana nui koʻu e hōʻihi aku ai i kona manaʻo a me kēlā mau kumu o lilo auaneʻi kēia hana he mahaʻoi. ʻO ka moʻolelo kanaka aʻu e pāhola aku ana i loko o kēia pepa nui, ʻo ia nō kona moʻolelo kanaka ma ke ʻano he mea kākau,
ʻaʻole nō kona moʻolelo kanaka no waho aku o ia hana. Ua ʻohiʻohi ʻia maila nā ʻike e pili ana i kona moʻolelo kanaka mai nā mea āna i kākau ai i nā nūpepa i hoʻolaha ʻia ma ke ākea. No laila, ua noa nō kēlā mau ʻike. ʻAʻole nō he kapu. ʻO ka mea nui o kēia pepa ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka hana a J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, ka mea kākau.
ʻO ke kumu i ulu aʻe ai ka manaʻo i loko o kuʻu naʻau no kēia papahana ʻo kā Noenoe K.
Silva e hana kuʻupau nei no ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā moʻolelo mea kākau e like me kāna puke ʻo The
Power of the Steel-tipped Pen: Reconstructing Native Hawaiian Intellectual History. Ke lana aʻe nei kuʻu manaʻo e lilo ana kēia hana aʻu e lawelawe nei i mea hune e hoʻokō ai i kona moemoeā no ke kūkulu ʻana i waihona ʻike no ko kākou poʻe kūpuna naʻauao no ka poʻe mamo a kākou.8 Ma ke kālailai ʻia ʻana o ko Kaualilinoe moʻolelo, kāna mau hana, a me nā mea kākau ʻē aʻe, e akāka ana ka moʻolelo naʻauao o nā kānaka Hawaiʻi. He hoʻāla hou a he hoʻōla hou nō kēia no ka ʻike
Hawaiʻi e moe mālie nei i loko o nā nūpepa. He kaheāwai paha ia a ka ʻike a he hoʻihoʻi nō ia i ka waihona noʻonoʻo o kākou.9 He hana mahalo a hoʻohanohano nō hoʻi ia i nā mea kākau ʻōlelo
Hawaiʻi nāna i hana nui a kūpaʻa hoʻi ma ke kākau moʻolelo ʻana.
8 “I envision a future bookshelf of studies of how these ancestors’ philosophies and theories developed, genealogical studies of who responded to whom with new ideas. In order to get there, I suggest we compile the bibliographies, read and contextualize them, with a view to whom each writer was responding, and whom they inspired. These will also be acts of moʻokūʻauhau consciousness as we lay down foundations for more study by our descendants.” Noenoe K. Silva, The Power of the Steel-Tipped Pen: Reconstructing Native Hawaiian Intellectual History (Durham: Duke University Press, 2017), 8. 9 “Nui nā hua ʻōlelo i hiki ke hoʻopuka ʻia no kēia inoa ʻo ka resurgence, e laʻa: ka hoʻoulu nohona Hawaiʻi/ʻōiwi, ka hoʻoulu lāhui Hawaiʻi/ʻōiwi, ka hoʻāla pilina ʻōiwi, ke kaheāwai, a me ke ea. Ma kēia pepa, e hoʻohana ʻia ana kēia mau hua ʻōlelo (a me kekahi mau mea hou aku paha) no ke kuhi ʻana i nā manaʻo ʻokoʻa i loko o kēia hua ʻōlelo haole hoʻokahi, a no ka hoʻākāka ʻana i kekahi mau manaʻo i loaʻa wale nō ma ka Hawaiʻi.” Kahikina de Silva, “Iwikuamoʻo o Ka Lāhui: Nā Manaʻo Aloha ʻĀina i Nā Mele Nahenahe o Ka Lāhui Hawaiʻi” (Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa, 2018), 45. Ua koho aku nei wau i ia
5 E LEI MAU NA LEHUA PUAKEA O NANIUAPO
He moʻolelo nō hoʻi kēia e kaheāwai mai ai ka ʻike lehulehu a manomano hoʻi a ua J. W.
K. Kaualilinoe nei i waiho ai iā kākou, a i hoʻopaʻa hou mai ai i ia mea he moʻolelo naʻauao o kākou, iā kākou, no kākou, a na kākou hoʻi. E kaheāwai hou nā moʻolelo kākaʻikahi o ka lohe
ʻana.
Ke ʻōlelo hou ʻia ka ʻōlelo noʻeau no ka uʻi o Mānoa, ua ahiahi, kau koke ka manaʻo iā
Kaualilinoe no kāna haʻi mua ʻana i ia moʻolelo ma nā nūpepa. Ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nō ʻo Kaualilinoe, noʻonoʻo pū ʻia ʻo Kamaakamahiʻai, ka niuhi ʻai humuhumu o Kahului. Pēia ana nō ʻo ia nei e lei mau ʻia ai i nā lehua puakea o Nāniuʻapo.
KE KUMU I KOHO ʻIA AI ʻO J. W. K. KAUALILINOE
He lālā nō wau no kuʻu kumu. No ia manaʻo, ua makemake nō wau e hahai i ke ala i waele ʻia e kuʻu kumu ʻo Noenoe K. Silva. Ua ʻupu aʻela ia manaʻo i loko oʻu ma hope o ka heluhelu ʻana i kāna puke hou ʻo The Power of the Steel-tipped Pen: Reconstructing Native Hawaiian
Intellectual History. He mea hoihoi loa nō ke aʻo ʻana mai a me ka hoʻōla ʻana aku i nā moʻolelo e pili ana i nā mea kākau ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi. No laila, ua ʻimi aku nei wau i mea kākau kūpono me ka mālama ʻana i kekahi papa inoa o nā mea kākau. Akā, ʻaʻohe mea kū pono i mua oʻu. A laila, e like me ka ʻiliki o ka ua, kū hou maila ʻo J. W. K. Kaualilinoe. Ua koho ʻia nō ʻo J. W. K.
Kaualilinoe, no ka mea, ua huli kua mua wau iā ia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua poina ihola wau iā ia. Eia nō koʻu moʻolelo.
I koʻu wā e haumāna laepua mai ana, ua hoʻokuleana ʻia wau e Marie Alohalani Brown e wehewehe mai i ka ʻike pili i nā akua moʻo i ʻike ʻia ma Ka Moʻolelo o Kamaakamahiʻai ma ka
hua ʻōlelo ʻo kaheāwai, no ka mea, ua pili loa nō ia i ka manaʻo nui o ka ua. Ke heleleʻi mai ka ua, kaheāwai ka wai o ke kahawai, a ola hoʻi ka honua.
6 HE HOʻOLAUNA
papa noiʻi akua moʻo.10 Ua heluhelu pono ʻia kēlā me kēia helu i huki ʻia mai ka nūpepa mai a me ka unuhina a Mary Kawena Pukui.11 Ua kiʻi ʻia maila ka ʻike moʻo, a haʻiʻōlelo akula no ka ʻike hoihoi i loaʻa maila. Ke noʻonoʻo ihola no ia wā, he minamina loa hoʻi koʻu nānā iki ʻole i ka mea nāna i kākau i ia moʻolelo. Ma kaʻu haʻiʻōlelo, ua hoʻopuka wale ʻia kona inoa. ʻO ia wale iho nō.
ʻAʻole nō i wehewehe iki ʻia kekahi mea e pili ana iā ia me he mea lā he mea ʻole nō ʻo ia.
Ma ia kau kula nō i hemo kula aʻe ai. Ua puka aku nei wau a loaʻa maila iaʻu ka lei o ka lanakila me ʻelua mau kekelē—hoʻokahi ma ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, a hoʻokahi hoʻi ma ke alakaʻi
ʻoihana. No kuʻu haʻaheo nui i ka hemo kula ʻana, ua kaena aʻela wau i ka ʻōlelo kaulana, “Ua hoʻi ka uʻi o Mānoa, ua ahiahi.”12 Ma kēlā wā, ua maopopo nō iaʻu he ʻōlelo nui ia no ka poʻe o Ke
Kulanui o Hawaiʻi o Mānoa, akā ʻaʻole wau i ʻike i ia manawa, ʻo Kaualilinoe nō ka mea mua loa i wehewehe mai i ka moʻolelo no ia ʻōlelo ma nā nūpepa.13
Me he mea lā, ua huki wale wau i kā Kaualilinoe i kākau ai me ka mahalo ʻole ʻana iā ia, a he mea hewa loa nō ia! Ua huli kua nō wau iā ia. No laila, ma kekahi ʻano he moʻolelo nō kēia e mihi ai i ka hewa o kahi huli kua nei. Ua lilo nō ia huli kua ʻana oʻu i kumu nui no ke koho ʻana iā Kaualilinoe. No laila, ma kēia moʻolelo nei ʻo ia ka meʻe kāʻeʻaʻeʻa.
ʻO kekahi kumu nui ʻē aʻe i koho ʻia ai ʻo Kaualilinoe, ʻo ia nō hoʻi ka laha ʻole o kāna mau moʻolelo i palapala ai. Ma waho aʻe o ia moʻolelo no Mānoa, palapala maila ʻo ia i kekahi mau
10 He polopeka no ke keʻena Kālai Hoʻomana ma ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa, a ʻo REL 495: Seminar in Religon (Ka Poʻe Moʻo) ka papa. He moʻolelo Hawaiʻi nō ka Moʻolelo o Kamaakamahiʻai i ʻike mua ʻia ma ka nūpepa ʻo Ka Nupepa Kuokoa i ka M.H. 1870 a hiki i ka M.H. 1871. E nānā i ka Mokuna III no ka ʻike hou aku. 11 Hawaiian Ethnographic Notes (HEN). Aia nō ma ka hale waihona palapala kahiko ma Ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Kamehameha. E kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu, ke kākau ʻia ʻo “Ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Kamehameha,” ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Bīhopa. 12 ʻŌlelo Noʻeau # 285 Pukui, ʻŌlelo Noʻeau, 1983). 13 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “No Manoa a me kona mau hiohiona.” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Nowemapa 16, 1872, 1.
7 E LEI MAU NA LEHUA PUAKEA O NANIUAPO moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi kāna moʻolelo mua no Kalelealuaka a me kāna moʻolelo no
Kamaakamahiʻai. I koʻu huli ʻana aku, ʻo ua Kaualilinoe nei nō ka mea mua i hoʻopaʻa i ia mau moʻolelo i loko o nā nūpepa. No laila, he waiwai nō hoʻi ka nānā ʻana aku iā ia i mea e laha hou ai a e kaheāwai ai nā moʻolelo waiwai a ka Hawaiʻi i kēia hanauna nei a me nā hanauna hou aku.
Ua wehewehe ʻia nō nā pahuhopu a me nā kumu o kēia moʻolelo aʻu e kuʻupau aku nei, no laila, eia mai nō i lalo nei ka wehewehena no ka ua e hoʻomaʻū ʻia ai ka honua a kūneki nā kahawai i mea e kaheāwai ai ka wai ola a ua Kaualilinoe nei, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kaʻina hana ʻimi noiʻi.
HAUKAWEWE NĀ ʻŌMAKA UA O KŪLANIHĀKOʻI: NO KA NOIʻI NOWELO
Ikaika a kūpono nō hoʻi kā Linda Tuhiwai Smith manaʻo i kākau aku ai i loko o kāna puke, penei, “…the term ‘research’ is inextricably linked to European imperialism and colonialism. The word itself, ‘research’, is probably one of the dirtiest words in the indigenous world’s vocabulary.”14 Pēlā nō ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o nā lāhui he nui a puni ka honua no kēia mea he ʻimi noiʻi nowelo, no ka mea, ua ʻauana wale maila nā mea ʻimi noiʻi no waho me ke kuleana
ʻole a nīele mahaʻoi wale aku ma kahi kūpono ʻole. He mea hoʻi ia e pauʻaka ai i ka pilina ma waena o nā kānaka like ʻole a me nā poʻe no waho aku. ʻAʻohe kuleana o ka malihini noiʻi. ʻAʻohe oʻu makemake e nīele wale aku. ʻAʻole nō ia ʻo koʻu manaʻo nui, a ʻaʻole nō ia he noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi.
No laila, pehea e nīele mahaʻoi ʻole ai? Pehea hoʻi e hoʻomaopopo ai i ia mea he kuleana? ʻO ke noi komo ka hana mua.
ʻAʻole nō paha wau he mamo na J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, i koʻu hoʻomaopopo ʻana mai. No laila, ʻaʻohe oʻu kuleana e ʻimi aku ai i kona ola. ʻO kahi e loaʻa ai kēia kuleana, aia nō i ka ʻohana.
14 Linda Tuhiwai Smith, Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples, 2 edition (London: Zed Books, 2012), 1.
8 HE HOʻOLAUNA
ʻO ia naʻe ka pilikia. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke kuhi ʻia me ke kānalua ʻole ka inoa maoli o J. W. K.
Kaualilinoe, ʻaʻole nō i hiki iaʻu ke kuhi pololei i kona ʻohana, a hiki ʻole iaʻu ke noi aku iā lākou i ka hiki me ka ʻole ke noiʻi e pili ana i ko lākou kupuna.
Ma mua o ke noi ʻana, aia nō ka pono i ka maopopo leʻa ʻana mai o ke kuleana. Wahi a
Marie Alohalani Brown, “Kuleana shapes the production and transmission of knowledge.” Kuhi akula ʻo ia i kā kuʻualoha hoʻomanawanui penei, “Hawaiian cultural protocols serve as guidelines for research, particularly the value of kuleana (right, responsibility). In academic inquiry, kuleana is applicable to the concept of one’s right to information or to share information, as well as one’s responsibilities in this knowledge and sharing.”15 E like me nā haumāna e ʻiʻini nei e aʻo mai i kekahi ʻike mai ka hālau mai, e oli kāhea nō lākou. Aia a pane aku ke kumu, ʻae ʻia ko lākou komo ʻana mai. Akā naʻe, ma mua o ia noi komo ʻana, he pono ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana aku i ke kuleana. Inā ʻaʻohe ou kuleana e aʻo mai ai, he pilikia wale ana nō ka hopena. Noʻu iho, aia ka pono i ka ʻike leʻa ʻana aku i koʻu kuleana. E like nō hoʻi me kaʻu i hōʻike aku ai i luna aʻe nei, he kuleana nō koʻu iā Kaualilinoe no koʻu huli kua mau ʻana iā ia. A laila, ʻo ke noi e koe.
No kekahi mau mahina—ma hope nō hoʻi o koʻu waiho ʻana i ka palapala noi kākau pepa—ua mau loa nō ka paʻakikī o ka loaʻa ʻana mai o ka ʻike no kēia mea kākau, a ua ʻane hiki aku au i kahi e huli hou ai ke kua. Ua maopopo leʻa nō iaʻu koʻu kuleana, akā ua hala paha ke noi kūpono. Hoʻomanaʻo aʻela wau i kekahi ʻōlelo aʻo a ke kumu aʻu, “Ke hoʻolohe mau nei nā kūpuna.” No laila, ua ʻaʻa wau i kekahi hana e noi kūpono ai.
15 Marie Alohalani Brown, Facing the Spears of Change: The Life and Legacy of John Papa ʻĪʻī (University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2016), 21; kuʻualoha hoʻomanawanui, Voices of Fire: Reweaving the Literary Lei of Pele and Hiʻiaka (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2014), 14.
9 E LEI MAU NA LEHUA PUAKEA O NANIUAPO
I kekahi lā, ua piʻi aku wau i uka i ke kahawai ʻo Waihī ma Mānoa.16 Hoʻoholo ʻia maila e hele i laila, no ka mea, he pilina ko Kaualilinoe me Mānoa no kona noho ʻana i laila. I koʻu hiki
ʻana ma kahi o ke kahawai, ua komo mai ka haʻalulu nui i koʻu naʻau, a kahe maila ka hou. Kū ana wau ma ka lihi o ke kahawai, a hoʻopā akula i ka wai. A laila, puka wale mai nō mai kuʻu waha mai he oli pahapaha e kāhea aku ana iā Kaualilinoe. Ua noi wau iā ia i hōʻailona e hoʻōia mai i koʻu pono a pono ʻole paha me ka maikaʻi me ka ʻole paha o koʻu kuleana e ʻimi noiʻi i nā
ʻike e pili ana iā ia. Ua noi pū ʻia kona alakaʻi ʻana mai iaʻu ma ia ʻano ʻimi noiʻi, inā ʻae ʻia nō. Pau ke oli ʻana, a pā honua maila nō ka makani. Nānā akula koʻu maka iā luna i ka lani a ʻike ʻia akula nā ao e kālewa mai ana mai uka mai a i kai. Eia nō ka mea kupanaha loa, ʻemo ʻole a heleleʻi mai ana ka ua, a piʻo nui aʻela he ānuenue pālua mai kahi pali a kahi pali o ke awāwa.
Wahi a kūpuna mā, “Kāhiko o ke akua.”17 Ke heleleʻi mai ka ua, he hōʻailona nō ia. Ua
ʻae ʻia nō ke noi. Malia paha, he hōʻailona pū paha ia no nā kūpuna i hala. Hū ke kupanaha o ka
ʻike maka ʻana i ia ʻano mea. Ua pau nō ka haʻalulu, a mālie mai nō ka naʻau.
Haʻalele aku wau iā Waihī, hoʻi hou akula i koʻu home i Waialua. I ia ahiahi nō, kau hou aʻela wau i koʻu mau maka i ke kamepiula no ka ʻimi noiʻi hou ʻana. Ua kupaianaha maoli nō ke kū nui ʻana mai o nā ʻano ʻatikala like ʻole e pili ana iā Kaualilinoe. E like hoʻi me nā ʻōlelo kaulana a kahi hulu kupuna ʻo Abigail Kakae Kaleiheana, “…he moʻolelo ʻoiaʻiʻo maoli kēia he mea mali i happen mali…”18
No ka ua heleleʻi, ke ānuenue piʻo, a me ka naʻau mālie, he mau hōʻailona nō paha ia, ua hōʻoia ʻia koʻu kuleana a ua ʻae ʻia maila ke noi. Malia paha, ʻo ia nō kēia mea i kapa ʻia he ʻike
16 ʻO Waihiʻi ka inoa i ʻike ʻia ma nā palapala ʻāina a Baldwin i paʻi ʻia i ka M.H. 1882. 17 ʻŌlelo Noʻeau # 1310 Pukui, ʻŌlelo Noʻeau,1983. 18 Abigail Kakae Kaleiheana, nīnauele ʻia e Larry Kauanoe Kimura, “Ka Leo Hawaiʻi 065,” Ka Leo Hawaiʻi (Honolulu: KCCN, Mei 5, 1974), Kaniʻāina, ulukau.org Ka Waihona Leo o Ka Haka ʻUla o Keʻelikōlani, Koleke ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Hilo.
10 HE HOʻOLAUNA
naʻau. ʻO ia nō ia mea he ʻike naʻau, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana mai i loko o ka naʻau i ke ala pono e hele ai. He mea nui nō kēia i ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻano ʻike like ʻole o ka wā kahiko, no ka mea, na ko kākou poʻe kūpuna kēia ʻike, ʻaʻole na kākou. ʻO nā kūpuna nā kumu, a ʻo kākou nā haumāna. Na kākou e oli kāhea, a na lākou nō e pane mai e komo i loko o ko lākou hale. A laila, na lākou nō e hoʻoholo i nā mea e aʻo mai ana iā kākou. Pēlā nō e nīele mahaʻoi ʻole ai.
Pehea i ʻimi noiʻi ʻia ai nā ʻike no kēia papahana ke paʻa ke kuleana, a ke ʻae ʻia ke noi? Ua huakaʻi aku nei wau ma ke ala a Noenoe Silva i waele ai no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i kāna i hoʻokupu ai no Joseph Mokuʻōhai Poepoe lāua ʻo Joseph Kānepuʻu.19 Eia nō ke kaʻina hana.
Ua ʻohiʻohi ʻia maila nā mea a pau loa a J. W. K. Kaualilinoe i kākau ai i loko o nā nūpepa. Ua huli aku nei nō wau i kona inoa, nā hua mua o kona inoa (J. W. K), a me kāna mau moʻolelo ma
Papakilo Database. No ka maikaʻi ʻole o kekahi mau kope nūpepa ma ka punaewele a no ka loaʻa
ʻole o kekahi mau ʻaoʻao nūpepa ma ka punaewele, ua hele kino aku wau i kekahi mau waihona palapala kahiko i ʻike maka ai i nā ʻaoʻao maoli, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka waihona puke ʻo Hamilton, Ka Hale
Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Kamehameha, a me Ka Waihona Palapala Kahiko o ka Mokuʻāina o Hawaiʻi. Ua
ʻalawa iki nō wau i nā nūpepa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi a pau ma waena o ka M.H. 1860 a hiki i ka M.H.
1885 e ʻimi hou aku ai i kekahi mau mea e pili ana iā ia. Pēia hoʻi i ʻike aku ai i ke ʻano o nā moʻolelo ma nā nūpepa e paʻi ʻia ana.
Ua kikokiko hou wau i kēlā poʻe ʻatikala a pau i hiki iaʻu ke māka i ka pepa me koʻu mau manaʻo a kakaha hoʻi. Ma mua o ka heluhelu ʻana, ua hōʻoia hou wau i ka pololei loa o ke kikokiona me ke kumu. A laila, ua heluhelu wau, a heluhelu hou akula i akāka ai hoʻi ka manaʻo.
He mea nui ka heluhelu mau ʻana ma kēia māhele i maopopo ai ka ʻiʻo o nā moʻolelo.
19 Silva, Steel-Tipped Pen, 2017, 3.
11 E LEI MAU NA LEHUA PUAKEA O NANIUAPO
Ua wae ʻia maila nā mea aʻu i makemake ai e ʻimi noiʻi hou aku. ʻImi hou akula wau ma nā ʻano waihona like ʻole i kekahi mau ʻike hou aku ma waho o nā nūpepa no Kaualilinoe a me nā mea āna i ʻike ai. ʻO kekahi laʻana, ua loaʻa maila iaʻu kekahi mau unuhina ʻōlelo haole no kekahi mau moʻolelo a Kaualilinoe i kākau ai (e wehewehe koke ʻia ana). Ua loaʻa maila nō hoʻi iaʻu kekahi kiʻi i pena ʻia no ka wā a Kaualilinoe e noho ana i Mānoa i ʻike ʻia ai ke ʻano o ka nohona i kēlā manawa (e ʻike i ka Mokuna IV).
ʻO ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻana aku i nā mea Hawaiʻi, ka ʻike Hawaiʻi, a me nā kūpuna, he mea koʻikoʻi loa nō ia piha i ke kuleana. Ua ʻoi aku nō ke kuleana a me ka hana ma mua o ke ʻano ʻimi noiʻi maʻamau e like me ka heluhelu nui ʻana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole i loko o nā waihona. ʻO ka
ʻimi noiʻi ʻana i nā mea Hawaiʻi, he mea pili ʻuhane nō ia, no ka mea, ke pili aku nei ka mea ʻimi noiʻi i nā kūpuna o ka wā kahiko. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo mai ai i ke kuleana a me ke noi komo ʻana. Inā nele i ke kuleana ʻole a me ke noi ʻole, he pilikia ana nō paha ka hopena, a he ʻuʻa hoʻi. Ke lana aʻe nei kuʻu manaʻo e lilo ana nō kēia wahi kaʻina hana aʻu i mālama ai i lamakū no nā mea ʻimi noiʻi ʻē aʻe e hoʻomālamalama ana i ko lākou ʻimi ʻana i ke ala pono.
KAHE KA WAI O KE KAHAWAI: NĀ MEA I KĀKAU MUA ʻIA
ʻAʻole nui nā mea e pili ana iā Kaualilinoe a me kāna mau ʻatikala i kākau ai. Ua unuhi ʻia
Ka Moʻolelo a Kalelealuaka e Nathaniel B. Emerson a paʻi ʻia i loko o kekahi puke me ke kuhi
ʻole ʻana iā Kaualilinoe.20 Aia nō i ka waihona palapala kahiko ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo
Kamehameha kekahi mau ʻatikala a Kaualilinoe i unuhi ʻia e Mary Kawena Pukui lāua ʻo Thos.
20 Thos. G. Thrum, ka luna hoʻoponopono, “The Story of Kalelealuaka: A Hawaiian Story,” ma Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1885, ka mea unuhi, Nathaniel B. Emerson (Honolulu: Thos. G. Thrum, 1885), 30–46; Thos. G. Thrum, ed., “Kalelealuaka,” ma Hawaiian Folk Tales: A Collection of Native Legends, ka mea unuhi, Nathaniel B. Emerson (Honolulu: Thos. G. Thrum, 1907), 75–107.
12 HE HOʻOLAUNA
G. Thrum mai ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi a i ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi.21 Ua kālailai ʻia ka moʻolelo o
Kamaakamahiʻai e Kīhei de Silva a wehewehe pōkole ʻia kekahi mau ʻike waiwai no nā mele a me nā inoa ʻāina ma Kaʻōhao mā.22 Ua lilo loa nō paha ʻo Marie Alohalani Brown lāua ʻo Beau
Makanamakamae Shishido i ka heluhelu ʻana i ka moʻolelo o Kamaakamahiʻai i ko lāua kākau
ʻana i nā pepa laeoʻo ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi ʻoiai he kumu ʻike nui nō ia moʻolelo na lāua. Ua pili nō kā
Brown i ka poʻe moʻo akua.23 Ua kākau hou ʻia kēia ʻimi noiʻi no ka poʻe moʻo ma ke ʻano he puke a e paʻi koke ʻia ana nō.24 No kā Shishido, ua pili nō i nā ʻano mea hoʻokalakupua i nā moʻolelo
Hawaiʻi.25
Ma waho aku o nā mea i kākau ʻia e pili ana iā Kaualilinoe, ua nānā nui ʻia kekahi mau puke ʻē aʻe no ke alakaʻi maikaʻi ʻana i kēia papahana nei. E like nō me kaʻu i kuhi aku nei, kūlike nō hoʻi kēia hana me ka hana a Noenoe K. Silva e hana nei no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā mea kākau ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi no kā lākou hana kukupaʻu. ʻO kāna mea nui e pāhola aku nei, ʻo ia nō ka
ʻike maopopo ʻana aku i ka moʻolelo naʻauao o ka Hawaiʻi a me ke kālele ʻana i kēia mea i kapa ʻia he moʻokūʻauhau consciousness.
21 Mary Kawena Pukui, ka mea unuhi, “Manoa and Its Features, Hawaiian Ethnographic Notes (HEN), Vol. 1” (Ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Kamehameha, Honolulu, ʻike ʻole ʻia ka lā paʻi), Bishop Museum Archives; Mary Kawena Pukui, ka mea unuhi, “Legend of Kamaakamahiʻai, Hawaiian Ethnographic Notes (HEN), Vol. 2” (Ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Kamehameha, Honolulu, ʻike ʻole ʻia ka lā paʻi); Thos. G. Thrum, ka mea unuhi., “Evils of the Awa # 168, Hawaiian Ethnographic Notes (HEN)” (Ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Kamehameha, Honolulu, ʻike ʻole ʻia ka lā paʻi.) 22 Kīhei de Silva, “‘Auhea Wale ‘Oe e Kahalakea” (Kaʻōhao, Oʻahu: Hālau Mōhala ʻIlima, 2014), https://www.halaumohalailima.com/HMI/Auhea_Wale_Oe_e_Kahalakea.html; Kīhei de Silva, “Ua Pihaku‘i Loko o Ka ‘Oliʻoli” (Kaʻōhao, Oʻahu: Hālau Mōhala ʻIlima, 2017), http://www.hikaalani.website/uploads/3/4/9/7/34977599/ua_pihakui_loko_for_hweb.pdf. 23 Marie Alohalani Brown, “Ka Poʻe Moʻo Akua” (Ka Pepa Laeoʻo, Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa, 2010). 24 Marie Alohalani Brown, Ka Poʻe Moʻo Akua: Hawaiian Reptilian Deities (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, e paʻi koke ana, Ianuali 2022). 25 Beau Makanamakamae Shishido, “He Aha Hoʻi Ka Mea ʻO Ka Hele Hoʻokahi ʻAna” (Pepa Laeoʻo, Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa, 2020).
13 E LEI MAU NA LEHUA PUAKEA O NANIUAPO
No ia mea he moʻokūʻauhau consciousness, he mea pili i ke ʻano noʻonoʻo a me ke kuleana.
ʻO ia hoʻi ka hana ʻana i nā hana a pau a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kuleana no ka pono o nā hanauna hou aku.26 Ma loko o kā Silva puke, hōʻoia maila ʻo ia i kēia ʻano noʻonoʻo i nā hana maiau a Joseph Mokuʻōhai Poepoe lāua ʻo Joseph Hoʻonaʻauao Kānepuʻu. Ma o kaʻu hana, ke hāpai ʻia aʻe nei ʻo J. W. K. Kaualilinoe ma kēia ʻano kūlana no kona noʻonoʻo mau ʻana iā kākou o kēia au i kona wā e kākau ana i nā ʻano ʻatikala like ʻole, no ka mea, e like me kēlā poʻe kūpuna a pau, ua kau nui nō kona manaʻo iā kākou no ko kākou ʻiʻini e naʻauao hou ai kākou i ka ʻike o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna. A e like nō me ke kamaʻāina nui ʻole o Kaualilinoe iā kākou, pēia hoʻi ʻo
Kānepuʻu lāua ʻo Poepoe, a ma o ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻana i ko lākou moʻolelo kanaka a me nā mea a lākou i kākau ai i kamaʻāina hou ai.
Ua kākau ʻia nō kekahi mau mea liʻiliʻi no ka moʻolelo kanaka no nā mea kākau ʻōlelo
Hawaiʻi. ʻAʻole nō he nui loa. Ma ke kākau ʻana i ia poʻe moʻolelo kanaka, ua hoʻohana kekahi i nā mea a ka poʻe mea kākau i kākau ai no ka ʻike pilikino e pili ana iā lākou.27 ʻO ka laʻana ʻoi loa ka moʻolelo kanaka no John Papa ʻĪʻī i hōʻahuʻahu ʻia e Marie Alohalani Brown.
I kāna puke, ua ʻimi ʻia akula nā ʻano kumu ʻike ʻole ʻia no ka ʻike moʻolelo kanaka e pili ana i ia kanaka kaulana a hanohano hoʻi, a he mau kumu ʻike ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi ka hapa nui. Waiho
26 Silva, Steel-Tipped Pen, 6-8. 27 Malcolm Nāea Chun, Nā Kukui Pio ʻOle: The Inextinguishable Torches: The Biographies of Three Early Native Hawaiian Scholars: Davida Malo, S.N. Haleʻole and S.M. Kamakau (Honolulu: First People’s Productions, 1993); J. G. M. Sheldon, Ka Puke Moʻolelo o Hon. Iosepa K. Nāwahī, ka luna hoʻoponopono, Lōkahi Antonio (Hilo: Hale Kuamoʻo, 1996); No Moses Nakuina. John Charlot, Classical Hawaiian Education: Generations of Hawaiian Culture (Lāʻie: The Pacific Institute, Brigham Young University- Hawaiʻi, 2005), xviii-xx; Na Noelani Arista i kākau liʻiliʻi i kekahi moʻolelo kanaka no Kepelino. Kepelino, Kepelino’s Traditions of Hawaii, Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 95 (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 2007), iv-xiv; Iokepa Badis, “He Moʻolelo Pilikino No Kahikina Kelekona” (Pepa Laeoʻo, Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa Mānoa, 2009); Kaluhialoha Tiare Eldridge, “S. K. Kuapuʻu (Solomona Kawailiʻulā Kuapuʻu)” (Pepa Laeoʻo, Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa, 2014); Na Noelani Arista i kākau i kekahi moʻolelo kanaka no Malo. Davida Malo, The Moʻolelo Hawaiʻi of Davida Malo, nā luna hoʻoponopono. Charles Langlas lāua ʻo Jeffrey Lyon, Puke 2 (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2020), 23-61.
14 HE HOʻOLAUNA
maila ʻo ia nei i ʻōlelo aʻo no kona poʻe hoa ʻimi noiʻi no ke ʻano o ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻana e pono ai nā kumu ʻike ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi. ʻĪ maila ʻo ia, “We must go beyond simply mining a Hawaiian-language text for cultural or historical data and commit to a critical examination of its paratextual features.
What can analyses of prefaces, paratext, and authorial asides reveal about the motives, theories, and methods of Kanaka Maoli writers?”28 He alakaʻi nō hoʻi kēia ʻōlelo aʻo āna i ke ʻano o ke kālailai ʻana i nā ʻatikala a Kaualilinoe. Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻohiʻohi ʻana aku i ka ʻike Hawaiʻi waiwai loa, ua heluhelu ʻia nō nā lau manaʻo i ʻāwili ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo i mea e moʻolelo ai i ka moʻolelo kanaka no Kaualilinoe, a i maopopo leʻa ai nā kumu o kona kākau ʻana.
No kēia ʻano kālailai a Brown e kuhikuhi nei, ʻaʻole nō he maʻalahi iki, no ka mea, he pono nō ka poeko ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi a me ka poeko ʻike Hawaiʻi hoʻi.29 I nā ʻimi noiʻi ʻana o Noelani
Arista, nui kona kālele ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi nui o ka poeko i ka ʻike Hawaiʻi i ka heluhelu ʻana i nā mea i kākau ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi i maopopo pono ai ka moʻolelo Hawaiʻi.30 Kuhi akula ua
Arista nei i ka poʻe hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo, akā ʻaʻole nō pili wale kēia manaʻo i kēlā ʻano poʻe, pili nō hoʻi i ka poʻe a pau loa e heluhelu ana i nā hua ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi a ko kākou poʻe kūpuna. No laila, pēlā nō wau i heluhelu mau ai i nā ʻatikala a Kaualilinoe me ia ʻano manaʻo paʻa i kuʻu naʻau.
Hōʻike akula ʻo Brown i ka mea nui a koʻikoʻi no ko kākou ʻimi noiʻi hou ʻana i nā mea kākau Hawaiʻi i ʻano kaulana ʻē ma o kēia ʻano noʻonoʻo ʻo ka poeko ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi a poeko ʻike
Hawaiʻi. Ua kaulana loa nō ʻo John Papa ʻĪʻī i kekahi puke ʻōlelo haole, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Fragments of
Hawaiian History. Ua kākau ʻo ʻĪʻī he 73 mau pukana moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, a paʻi ʻia ma loko o nā
28 Brown, Spears of Change, 15. 29 ʻO “poeko ʻike Hawaiʻi” kaʻu mea e hāpai nei no kēia mea he cultural fluency. 30 ʻO kāna i ʻī maila, “…language is not the most difficult challenge facing scholars trying to write Hawaiian history, or histories of encounter. What historians need to work toward is acquiring both linguistic and cultural fluency, in order to engage the nuance and complexity of these highly mediated sources.” Noelani Arista, The Kingdom and the Republic: Sovereign Hawaiʻi and the Early United States (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019), 226.
15 E LEI MAU NA LEHUA PUAKEA O NANIUAPO nūpepa. Ua huki ʻia maila kēia mau pukana a unuhi ʻia e Mary Kawena Pukui. A laila, ua hoʻoponopono ʻia, ua ʻokiʻoki ʻia, a hoʻonohonoho hou loa ʻia kēlā unuhina, a lilo aʻela ia ʻo ia ka puke aʻu i kuhi aku nei. Na ʻĪʻī nō i kākau i kēia poʻe ʻatikala me kona ʻike i ʻike maka ai a i hana lima ai. No ka mana unuhi i paʻi ʻia i loko o ka puke, ua ʻoki ʻia nō hoʻi ka hapa nui o nā mea e pili ana i kēlā mau mea āna i ʻike maka ai, a i hana lima ai. Pēia pū ka ʻoki wale ʻana i nā mea i manaʻo ʻia he ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole e ka poʻe huli kanaka. A laila, ua lilo nō hoʻi kēia puke unuhi haole ʻo ia nō kekahi laʻana i ka moʻolelo Hawaiʻi a me ka ʻike Hawaiʻi me he mea lā, he kumu ʻike nō ia mai ka lima kākau maoli mai nō o ʻĪʻī, a ʻo ia hoʻokahi wale nō ke kumu ʻike.31 ʻAʻole nō pēlā.
No ia lilo ʻana o ia puke ʻo Fragments of Hawaiian History i kumu ʻike, ua kapa ʻia nō hoʻi e
M. Puakea Nogelmeier he discourse of sufficiency ma kāna puke ʻo Mai Paʻa I ka Leo: Historical
Voice in Hawaiian Primary Materials, Looking Forward and Listening Back. ʻO ia ka ʻae wale ʻia ʻana mai o ka ʻike Hawaiʻi a me ka moʻolelo Hawaiʻi e like nō me nā mea i heluhelu ʻia ma nā unuhina
ʻōlelo haole. No ia mau mea i unuhi ʻia i ka ʻōlelo haole, kuhi hewa ʻia ʻo ia hoʻokahi wale nō ke kia alakaʻi o ka ʻike kuʻuna Hawaiʻi. A no ia ʻae wale ʻana mai, ʻae wale aku nō kākou, nā Hawaiʻi, i hoʻokahi ala hāiki no ka ʻike Hawaiʻi.32 He pilikia loa nō hoʻi kēia heluhelu wale ʻana i nā unuhina me ka heluhelu iki ʻole ʻana i nā kumu ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, no ka mea, ke unuhi ʻia maila ka
ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi a i ka ʻōlelo haole, e hapa mai ana ka manaʻo ʻoiai he lau manaʻo nō ko nā hua
ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, a ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia he kaona.
31 Brown, Spears of Change, 3-11. 32 “…the term discourse of sufficiency to describe this long-standing recognition and acceptance of a small selection of Hawaiian writings from the 19th century as being sufficient to embody nearly a hundred years of extensive Hawaiian auto-representation–Hawaiians writing for and about themselves.” M. Puakea Nogelmeier, Mai Paʻa i Ka Leo: Historical Voice in Hawaiian Primary Materials, Looking Forward and Listening Back (Honolulu, Hawaiʻi: Bishop Museum Press, 2010), 1-2.
16 HE HOʻOLAUNA
Eia kekahi laʻana pōkole. ʻAʻole e wehewehe nui ʻia ana, no ka mea, e hoʻonui ʻia ana kēia laʻana i ka Mokuna I. Ua kākau maila ʻo Kaualilinoe no ka ʻino o ka ʻawa. Ua kiʻi ʻia maila kēia
ʻatikala a unuhi ʻia maila e Thomas G. Thrum. Kākau ʻia ʻelua hua ʻōlelo ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo “nau” a me
“kalana” i mea e hōʻike aku ai i nā ʻino o ka ʻawa. He lau manaʻo naʻe ko kēia mau hua ʻōlelo. Eia kekahi, e ʻokoʻa ana ka manaʻo ke puana ʻokoʻa ʻia—nāu, naʻu, naʻū, nāʻū, kālana. I ko Thrum unuhi ʻana mai, ua pono nō ʻo ia e koho i hoʻokahi manaʻo ʻōlelo haole e hōʻike aku ai. I kona koho ʻana, ua hāʻule wale ihola nā manaʻo ʻē aʻe. A e like nō me ka mea e ʻike ʻia ana i ka Mokuna
I, ua ʻoi loa aʻe ka nui o ka manaʻo ke heluhelu ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi ma kahi o ke ala hāiki o ka ʻōlelo haole. Inā huki wale ʻia ka mana unuhi ʻōlelo haole no kēia ʻatikala a Kaualilinoe, ʻaʻole ana e ʻike leʻa ka mea heluhelu i ke akamai maoli o Kaualilinoe a me kāna manaʻo i kākau ai no ka ʻino o ka ʻawa.
Ke kaʻa ihola kekahi pōhaku mai ka pali mai a kū i loko o kekahi kahawai, ua hiki i ia pōhaku ke hoʻololi aku i ke kahe ʻana o ka wai ma ia kahawai. Pēlā nō hoʻi ka hana a Silva,
Brown, Arista, a he mau Kānaka hou aku. He mau pōhaku nui nō lākou a me kā lākou hana e hoʻololi nei i ke kahawai o ka noʻonoʻo no ka lawa i nā unuhi haole, ka poeko ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi ʻole, a me ka poeko ʻike Hawaiʻi ʻole. Ke lana aʻe nei kuʻu manaʻo, e lilo ana paha kaʻu wahi hana ʻuʻuku a haʻahaʻa hoʻi i ʻiliʻili e hoʻololi iki pū ai i ia kahe ʻana o ka wai i ke kahawai e like me ia mau pōhaku nui, nā pōhaku hoʻi i paepae a hoʻopaʻa i ke kahua o kēia pepa.
I KŪPALAKA ʻOLE KA WAI: HE HOʻĀKĀKA NO NĀ LOINA O KA MOʻOLELO NEI
He wahi māhele liʻiliʻi wale nō kēia e hoʻākāka ai i nā loina e ʻike ʻia ana ma kēia moʻolelo nei. E maliu mai nō o kūpalaka auaneʻi ka wai.
No kēia moʻolelo āu e heluhelu mai nei, e kūpaʻa loa ana nō ma ka ʻōlelo o kēia ʻāina, ka
ʻōlelo a kuʻu poʻe kūpuna e aloha nui ʻia, ka ʻōlelo e ola ai ka ʻāina mai kikilo mai nō, ka ʻōlelo a ua
17 E LEI MAU NA LEHUA PUAKEA O NANIUAPO
Kaualilinoe, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi. Me ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā loina e Hawaiʻi ai ka ʻōlelo a ko kākou poʻe kūpuna e laʻa hoʻi nā hua ʻōlelo pāhaʻohaʻo, nā ʻōlelo noʻeau, nā mele, nā loina kākau a pēlā wale aku nō, pēlā nō i kākau ʻia ai ma o kā kākou ʻōlelo, no kākou hoʻi. Kālele nui ʻia nō nā kumu ʻike ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi. Ke kahe mai nō kekahi kumu ʻike ʻōlelo haole i loko o kēia moʻolelo nei, ʻaʻole ana nō e unuhi ʻia mai kona ʻōlelo kumu a i ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi i mālama pono ai i ka manaʻo nui o ka mea kākau. No ia mau manaʻo mai nā kumu ʻike ʻōlelo haole mai nō, ʻo ia wale ana nō nā mea ma ka ʻōlelo haole e ʻike ʻia ana i ka moʻolelo nei.
ʻOiai he moʻolelo nō kēia e pili ana i ka ʻike kuʻuna a me kekahi kupuna, e hoʻohana wale
ʻia ana nō nā hua ʻōlelo i maʻa i nā pepeiao o nā kūpuna e like paha me nā hua ʻōlelo i ka puke wehewehe a Pukui mā ʻo Hawaiian Dictionary. Inā aia nō he ala e hoʻopuka ʻia ai kekahi manaʻo, mai laila ana nō ia. Eia kekahi, e hahai like ʻia ana nō ka pela ʻana e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma loko o ia puke. Akā naʻe, no kekahi o nā hua ʻōlelo, e like me “māhele,” e pela ʻia ana nō e like me kona ʻano i puana ʻia ai.
Inā he manaʻo hou loa paha i kupu maila, a loaʻa ʻole paha ka hua ʻōlelo kūpono ma kā
Pukui lāua ʻo Elbert, e koho ʻia ana nō kekahi hua ʻōlelo kūpono mai Māmaka Kaiao mai.
Kākaʻikahi koʻu haku hua ʻōlelo hou ʻana ma kēia moʻolelo. Inā nō pēlā, e nānā mua ʻia ana nō nā mea i kākau ʻē ʻia no kekahi manaʻo ma ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi e like nō me ia hua ʻōlelo ʻo “kaheāwai.”
ʻO ke koho hope loa, ʻo ia ka haku ʻana i hua ʻōlelo hou i akāka ai kona manaʻo me ke ola pū ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi ma ia hua ʻōlelo. Inā haku ʻia nō kekahi hua ʻōlelo, e hōʻike ʻia ana nō kona manaʻo a me ke kaʻina hana haku hua ʻōlelo ma ke kuhia o lalo.
No nā inoa e kupu mai ana, e noiʻi ʻia ana nō kona pela kūpono ʻana. Inā akāka nō hoʻi, e pela ʻia ana me nā ʻokina a me nā kahakō e like me Kamaakamahiʻai.33 E hōʻike ʻia ana nō kona
33 ʻO Kamaakamahiai ka pela kumu.
18 HE HOʻOLAUNA
ʻano kumu ma ke kuhia o lalo. Inā pohihihi paha, e waiho wale ʻia ana nō me ka hōʻano hou ʻole
ʻia. Akā, inā he ʻōlelo nō ia i huki ʻia maila mai ka nūpepa, ʻaʻole ana nō e hōʻano hou ʻia.
No nā puanaʻī i huki ʻia maila mai nā nūpepa mai, e kūpaʻa ana nō ma ke ʻano i ʻike ʻia ma nā nūpepa, ʻo ia hoʻi, inā hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi kōwā ma waena o kekahi hua ʻōlelo a me kekahi kiko, e mālama ʻia ana. Eia nō kekahi laʻana, “…ma ka pololei a me ka pono a maemae hoi ea !” Inā kuhi ʻia he kiko hewa ko kekahi kumu ʻike, ʻaʻole ana nō e hoʻoponopono ʻia, akā he kau ʻia ana kēia manaʻo [pn] no “pēlā nō.”
ʻElua mau loina nui i koe i ulu aʻe ma muli o ka hana a Kaualilinoe. ʻO ka mua, ma ka
Mokuna II, e wehewehe ʻia ana nō kekahi pilina ʻōlelo kākaʻikahi ke lohe ʻia. I mea e hoʻōla hou ai i kēia ʻano ʻōlelo, ʻo koʻu hoʻohana nui akula nō ia, ola ana. ʻO ka hope, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā poʻo inoa o nā mokuna a me nā māhele liʻiliʻi, mai nā kākau ʻana mai nō o Kaualilinoe, no ia kumu, ʻaʻole nō i hōʻano hou ʻia, akā ʻaʻole nō i kaha ʻia nā kiko puanaʻī.
E HELELEʻI MAI ANA: NO NĀ MOKUNA E HIKI KOKE MAI ANA
E pulu koke ana nō kākou i ka ua lilinoe. Eia nō hoʻi ka ʻike e heleleʻi mai ana. Ma ka
Mokuna I, e nānā ʻia ana nō ka loa a me ka laulā o nā mea a ua Kaualilinoe nei i kākau ai me ke kālele pū ʻia ʻana o ke ʻano o nā M.H. 1865 a hiki i ka M.H.1880, ʻo ia nō hoʻi ka wā e kākau ana
ʻo ia. E ʻohiʻohi ʻia ana nō kekahi o ia mau ʻatikala liʻiliʻi, a e kālailai ʻia i ʻike aku ai i ke kumu o kona kākau ʻana i ia manaʻo.
Ma ka Mokuna II a me ka Mokuna III, i laila ana nō ka nui o ke kālailai moʻolelo. E huʻe
ʻia ana nō ka ʻike lehu a mano e Hawaiʻi ai ko kākou hoʻomaopopo ʻana. ʻO ia hoʻi nā hiʻohiʻona moʻolelo, nā inoa ʻāina, nā meʻe, a pēlā wale aku nō. E kālailai ʻia ana nō nā moʻolelo ʻelua i kaulana ai ʻo Kaualilinoe. No ka Mokuna II, pili nō i ka moʻolelo o Kalelealuaka, ʻo ia ka moʻolelo nui mua āna i palapala ai. Ma ka Mokuna III nō hoʻi, no Kamaakamahiʻai nō ia.
19 E LEI MAU NA LEHUA PUAKEA O NANIUAPO
Ma ka Mokuna IV, e wehewehe iki ʻia ana nō ma ia mokuna kekahi loina kapa inoa makapeni i ʻike ʻia a me nā pilikia hoʻi i kupu maila ma ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻana i kekahi mea kākau nona kekahi inoa kapakapa. A laila, ma ka ʻohiʻohi ʻana mai i ka ʻike hunahuna a liʻiliʻi hoʻi mai nā
ʻatikala āna i kākau ai, e kākau ʻia ana nō kekahi moʻolelo kanaka e pili ana iā J. W. K.
Kaualilinoe, ka mea kākau.
I ka ʻŌlelo Panina, e waiho ana wau i kekahi mau manaʻo liʻiliʻi no J. W. K. Kaualilinoe a me kāna hana a me nā ala e alakaʻi ai i nā hoa e ʻimi like nei i ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ko kākou poʻe kūpuna.
ALOHA OUKOU, EIA MAI KO KAKOU MOOLELO HOU
20 MOKUNA I
E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA: NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA
NO KEIA OLELO E KAU AE LA MALUNA: HE ʻŌLELO HOʻOLAUNA
No kēlā mau hua e kau kehakeha aʻela ma luna a me kēlā mau hua ma luna aku, mai ka lima mai nō o J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, a he mau ʻōlelo ia i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā hoʻolauna o kāna mau
ʻatikala. Na ia lima like nō i kākau he kaʻau mau ʻatikala nūpepa (E nānā i ka Pakuhi I.I o lalo nei, a e ʻalawa iki aku hoʻi i ka Pākuʻina A no ka ʻike hou aku.) ʻO kanakolu mau ʻatikala, he mau moʻo
ʻatikala moʻolelo Hawaiʻi nō ia, a e wehewehe hou ʻia aku ana ia ma nā Mokuna II a me ka
Mokuna III. ʻO ke koena, ʻo ia kahi a kākou e hoʻomaka ai i ka nānā ʻana i kā Kaualilinoe mau mea i kākau ai. ʻEono ʻatikala i pili nō i ka hōʻike manaʻo i ka poʻe heluhelu nūpepa. ʻElua ʻatikala hoʻolono nūhou no Mānoa. Pili kekahi i ka nane lōʻihi. A he laukua hoʻokahi ʻatikala, pili nō ia i kekahi moʻolelo Hawaiʻi a me ka hoʻolono nūhou no Mānoa. I loko nō o ka pili loa o kekahi
Pakuhi I.I: ʻatikala i ka hoʻolono nūhou a hōʻike manaʻo paha, NĀ ʻANO ʻATIKALA NŪPEPA A J. W. K. KAUALILINOE hoʻowili mau nō hoʻi ʻo Kaualilinoe i loko o kāna mea i Huina ʻAno kākau ai i ka ʻike hune o ka moʻolelo Hawaiʻi. 30 Moʻolelo Hawaiʻi 6 Hōʻike Manaʻo Mai ka M.H. 1865 a i ka M.H. 1880, he 2 Hoʻolono Nūhou ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki, i kākau mai ai ʻo J. W. K. 1 Nane Kaualilinoe i nā ʻatikala i paʻi ʻia ma Ke Au Okoa (1865- 1 Laukua 40 Huina Nui 1873), Ka Nupepa Kuokoa (1861-1927), a me Ko Hawaii
Pae Aina (1878-1891). He maikaʻi paha ka moʻolelo pōkole ʻana no kēia mau nūpepa. ʻO Ke Au
Okoa ka nūpepa mua i paʻi aʻe ai i kāna mea i kākau ai. ʻO John Makini Kapena ka luna hoʻoponopono i kēlā manawa. Ua kākoʻo ʻia ka nūpepa e ke aupuni, a kūʻē akula i ka hoʻohui pū
MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA
ʻana me ʻAmelika. Ua hoʻohui pū ʻia Ke Au Okoa me Ka Nupepa Kuokoa a kapa hou ʻia maila ʻo Ka
Nupepa Kuokoa me ke Au Okoa i Huiia i ka M.H. 1873.1
Ua hoʻopuka mua ʻia Ka Nupepa Kuokoa i ka M.H. 1861 e Henry Martyn Whitney (Wini).
He keiki welo mikionali ʻo ia. ʻO Luther Halsey Gulick (Kulika) ka luna hoʻoponopono.2 ʻŌlelo maila ua luna hoʻoponopono nei, e hoʻomau ana ia nūpepa ma kahi i pau ai ka nūpepa ʻo Ka Hae
Hawaiʻi (1856-1861).3 ʻO Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ka lua o ka nūpepa i paʻi i kāna mau ʻatikala, a ʻo ia nō ka nūpepa i paʻi nui i kāna mau ʻatikala. I kēlā mau makahiki, ʻo Joseph U. Kawainui lāua ʻo
Kulika nā luna hoʻoponopono. Wahi a kekahi, ʻo Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ka ʻoi o nā nūpepa, a ua ʻoi aku ka nui o kona mau makahiki e holo ana ma mua o nā nūpepa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi ʻē aʻe.
Kāʻokoʻa Ka Nupepa Kuokoa i nā ʻano hoʻomana, a ua makemake ia nūpepa e hoʻonaʻauao aku i ka Lāhui Hawaiʻi no nā ʻano ʻike kūwaho.4 I loko nō naʻe o kona ʻano kāʻokoʻa i nā mea e pili ana i ka hoʻomana ʻana, na ka ʻAha ʻEuanelio ka ʻaoʻao ʻehā e paʻi ai i nā ʻano mea hoʻomana like ʻole.5 Eia kekahi, wahi a Noenoe K. Silva, ua ake nui ʻo Whitney (Wini) e hoʻohaole aku i nā
Kānaka ma o ke paʻi ʻana aku i nā moʻolelo kūwaho a me ka ʻike kūwaho. Akā naʻe, i kekahi
1 Ua moʻolelo pōkole ʻo Mookini e pili ana iā John Makini Kapena, a he Kanaka hoihoi a akamai loa nō ʻo ia. He leo paipai nō kēia, e kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu, e noiʻi i kona moʻolelo kanaka a me kāna i hana ai. Helen G. Chapin, Guide to Newspapers of Hawaiʻi, 1834-2000 (Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society, 2000), 9; Esther K. Mookini, The Hawaiian Newspapers (Honolulu: Topgallant Publishing Company, Ltd., 1974), viii, 5, 36. 2 Joan Hori, “Ka Nupepa Kuokoa” (Ka Waihona Puke ʻo Hamilton, Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa, 2001), 4, 9. 3 Rubellite Kawena Johnson, ka luna hoʻoponopono, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa: A Chronicle of Entries 1861-1862 (Honolulu: Topgallant Publishing Company, Ltd., 1975), xii; Mookini, Hawaiian Newspapers, 9. 4 “[Ka Nupepa Kuokoa] was the longest running and most successful newspaper. It was professedly neutral in matters of religious controversy and aimed to promote the moral and intellectual progress of the nation.” He nīnau kaʻu. He aha ka mea e successful ai kekahi nūpepa? ʻO ka nui paha o nā mea i heluhelu i kona mau ʻaoʻao? ʻO nā makahiki paha e holo ana? ʻO ka nui o ke kālā i loaʻa iā ia? ʻO nā mea i paʻi ʻia? Mookini, Hawaiian Newspapers, vii, 36. 5 Johnson, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, xii-xiii.
22 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA manawa ua paʻi nui ʻia akula nā mea ʻike Hawaiʻi a me nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, a ʻo kā Kaualilinoe kekahi o ia mau moʻolelo Hawaiʻi.6 No ka nui o nā makahiki o ia nūpepa, nui hoʻi nā luna hoʻoponopono i komo i ia kūlana hana. Ua helu ʻia he 19 mau luna hoʻoponopono e Mookini.7
ʻO ka luna hoʻoponopono ke kiaʻi puka, nāna hoʻi ke kī e wehe ai i ia puka, a hoʻopuka ʻia akula kekahi mea a manaʻo hoʻi. He laʻana nō hoʻi kā Kaualilinoe mea i kākau ai a e wehewehe hou ʻia ana nō i ka Mokuna III a me ka Mokuna IV.
Ua haʻalele akula ʻo Kawainui i Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, a hoʻokumu hou maila me kona kaikaina ʻo Benjamin Kawainui i nūpepa hou loa ʻo Ko Hawaii Pae Aina i ka M.H. 1878, a ʻo
Kawainui mā nā luna hoʻoponopono.8 Ua paipai nui lāua i ke koho ʻole i nā haole no nā kūlana luna makaʻāinana.9 I ka wā koho balota no ka Mōʻī Wahine ʻo Emma lāua ʻo David Kalākaua, ua hoʻopāpā nui ʻia nā moʻokūʻauhau o lāua e ka lehulehu, a no kā Kawainui kūʻē nui ʻana iā
Kalākaua, ua kākoʻo nō hoʻi ʻo Ko Hawaii Pae Aina i ka Mōʻī Wahine.10 Ma waho aʻe o nā mea kālaiʻāina, ua paʻi nui ʻia nā ʻano nūhou a me nā ʻano moʻolelo like ʻole. Ua hui pū ia nūpepa me
Ka Nupepa Kuokoa i ka M.H. 1891.11
6 Noenoe K. Silva, Aloha Betrayed: Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism (Durham: Duke University Press, 2004), 56, 80-82. Kuhi ʻia e Marie Alohalani Brown, ua hoʻohalahala ʻo Wini, ka luna hoʻoponopono o Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, i ka nupepa ʻo Ka Hoku o ka Pakipika no ke paʻi ʻia ʻana o kekahi moʻolelo Hawaiʻi ʻo Kawelo. A ma hope mai, ua paʻi ʻo Wini i ka moʻolelo a S. N. Haleole i kākau ai e pili ana iā Lāʻieikawai. ʻO kā Brown e kuhi ana, ua ʻike nō ua Wini nei i ka hoihoi loa o nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi i kona poʻe heluhelu nūpepa, a i mea e hoʻopiʻi aʻe ai ka heluna o nā poʻe heluhelu nūpepa, paʻi ʻia akula nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi. Marie Alohalani Brown, “The Politics and Poetics of Märchen in Hawaiian-Language Newspapers,” ma The Fairy Tale World, ʻo Andrew Teverson ka luna hoʻoponopono (London: Routledge, 2019), 212-214. 7 Mookini, Hawaiian Newspapers, 36. 8 ʻO nā Kawainui kekahi mau Kānaka kaulana, a he papahana hoihoi loa ana kā kekahi e ʻimi noiʻi ai i ko lāua moʻolelo kanaka a me kā lāua mau hana. 9 Helen Geracimos Chapin, Shaping History: The Role of Newspapers in Hawaiʻi (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1996), 81; Mookini, Hawaiian Newspapers, ix. 10 Silva, Aloha Betrayed, 111-116. 11 Mookini, Hawaiian Newspapers, 20.
23 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA
I ia manawa, ua hoʻomoe nui ʻia nā nūpepa e ka lehulehu. Ua hoʻomoe nō kekahi mau kānaka i nā nūpepa a pau loa e paʻi ʻia ana no ka hoihoi i ka ʻike. ʻO kekahi, ua kūʻai mai a kaʻana like aku. No laila, ua laha loa nā nūpepa i kēlā manawa. Akā, i loko nō o ia hoʻomoe nui ʻana, he mau hoa paio nō nā nūpepa, no ka mea, ʻokoʻa kā kekahi nūpepa, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi kā kekahi, a ua makemake ʻia nā mea heluhelu he nui e ka nūpepa i nui aʻe ai ke kālā a i laha aku ai kona manaʻo i pāhola aku nei. Lawa paha ia moʻolelo pōkole no nā nūpepa, no ka mea, ʻaʻole nō kēia pepa no ka moʻolelo nūpepa, he mau puke a kumu waiwai hoʻi hou aku no ia kumuhana. E hoʻi hou kākou i kā Kaualilinoe.
Hiki nō ke ʻike leʻa, ua kākau ʻia nō kekahi mau ʻatikala e kēlā lima like (e nānā i ka
Mokuna IV), akā no kēia māhele nei, e nānā wale ʻia ana nō nā mea i puka akula me ka inoa ʻo J.
W. K. Kaualilinoe. No laila, ma kēia mokuna mua o ka moʻolelo no Kaualilinoe, “e kukini ana i ka loa a me ka laula,” ʻo ia hoʻi e nānā ʻia ana nā mea nui a me nā mea liʻiliʻi āna i kākau ai i mea e ʻike leʻa ʻia ai ke ʻano o kāna i kākau maila.12 ʻOiai ʻaʻohe launa nui paha ʻo Kānaka o ko kākou au me kēia mea kākau nei, he ʻano hoʻolauna paha kēia mokuna i mea e hoʻokamaʻāina ai iā kākou i nā mea āna i kākau ai. Ua wae ʻia ʻelima ʻatikala hoihoi loa, a ma kēia mokuna ana e wehewehe iki ʻia ai ia poʻe ʻatikala i ʻike ai kākou i nā mea a Kaualilinoe i hāliʻi ai i nā kino nūpepa. E wehewehe ʻia ana nō hoʻi ka pōʻaiapili—ʻo ia paha ke au o ka manawa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e paʻi ʻia ana—i kākau ʻia ai kēlā poʻe ʻatikala.13 Pēlā hoʻi e ʻano kamaʻāina iki ai kākou iā ia a
12 Na Kaualilinoe i kākau i kēlā māmalaʻōlelo ma ka hoʻolauna o kāna moʻolelo ʻo Kamaaakamahiai. J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui, Helu 1,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Iune 18, 1870, 4. 13 He kiʻina hana nō kēia, na Noenoe Silva i hōʻike maila i kāna puke. Noenoe K. Silva, The Power of the Steel-Tipped Pen: Reconstructing Native Hawaiian Intellectual History (Durham: Duke University Press, 2017), 8.
24 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA me kona ʻano mea kākau. E hōʻoia ʻia nō hoʻi ka waiwai o J. W. K. Kaualilinoe a me kāna hana nui i noke aku nei ma kēia kālailai ʻatikala.
E hoʻomaka ʻia ana kēia kālailaina ma ka ʻōmamaka kēwai o nā paka ua Lilinoe a nolu pē nā nūpepa i ua Lilinoe nei. ʻO ia hoʻi ka mea mua loa āna i kākau ai a hahai i ke kaʻina o nā mea i hoʻopuka ʻia ma ka nūpepa i hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka mohala ʻana o Kaualilinoe ma ke ʻano he mea kākau.
PUA ROSE NANI KA WAHINE NOHO PONO
Kaʻokaʻo kā Kaualilinoe i hoʻoheleleʻi mai ai i ke kino o Ke Au Okoa. ʻO “Pua rose nani ka wahine noho pono” ke poʻo inoa o ka ʻatikala mua a Kaualilinoe i kākau ai. He hōʻike manaʻo kona ʻano. Ua paʻi ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao nūpepa i ka lā 18 o Kēkēmapa i ka M.H. 1865. Ma ka paukū mua, ʻōlelo ʻo ia, penei: “…akahi ko kaua [ka nūpepa ʻo Ke Au Okoa] launa ana he waha a he waha…”14 He ʻōlelo paha kēia e hōʻoia ana, ʻo ia nō paha kona wā mua i hoʻouna aku ai i wahi manaʻo i ka nūpepa.
Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻōlelo ana ʻo Kaualilinoe he mea nui ka wahine hoʻolohe pono i nā mea a kāna kāne i ʻōlelo ai me ke akahai a me ka ʻoluʻolu. ʻOiai ʻaʻole kuhikuhi pololei ʻia i loko o ia
ʻatikala pōkole, akāka hoʻi kona pilina i ka manaʻo i hāpai mua ʻia e W. B. Minamina, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo
“He lei nani ka wahine noho pono.”15 He moʻo ʻatikala nō kāna i hoʻopuka mua ʻia i ka nūpepa
Ke Au Okoa hoʻokahi pule ma mua iho o kā Kaualilinoe hāpai ʻana i kona manaʻo. Ua nui ʻino kā
Minamina hoʻokikina ʻana i nā wāhine a me nā kaikamāhine e hoʻolohe pono i ka ʻōlelo a ke
Akua ma o ka hoʻolohe pono ʻana i kāna [ka wahine a kaikamahine paha] kāne.
14 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Pua rose nani ka wahine noho pono,” Ke Au Okoa, Kēkēmapa 18, 1865, 4. 15 No Halehaʻaheo, Honolulu kēia kanaka. W. B. Minamina, “He Lei Nani Ka Wahine Noho Pono,” Ke Au Okoa, Kēkēmapa 11, 1865, 2.
25 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA
He pane kākoʻo iā Minamina kā Kaualilinoe ʻatikala mua loa. He akāka nō hoʻi kēia ma kāna huki ʻana i kekahi mau hopunaʻōlelo mai kā Minamina ʻatikala mai, ʻo ia hoʻi penei: “…o ka’u wahine, he pua rose kahiko no ko’u hale…”16 ʻO ia pua rose nō kāna mea i lawe mai ai, hoʻohui hou me kā Minamina poʻo manaʻo, a kau aʻela i luna o ke poʻo manaʻo o kāna ʻatikala mua ʻo “Pua rose nani ka wahine noho pono” i kohu like iki i kā Minamina ʻo “He lei nani ka wahine noho pono.”
Ma kā Kaualilinoe ʻatikala, like nō kāna kuhikuhi nui ʻana i nā wāhine hoʻolohe pono i ke kāne. Kākoʻo ʻia nō kona manaʻo i ka ʻōlelo a ke Akua,
…o na wahine e hele hi-o ana me ke kue i ke kanawai o ka mare hemolele ana, imua o na kahuna o na aoao hoomana. He hewa nui loa ia i ili mai maluna o na makuahine opiopio iloko o keia lahui; a oia mau wahine a mau wahine hoi i hana pela, ua hewa lakou a pau i na kanawai o ka mare ana imua o ke kahuna, (ma ke ano hoohiki.)17
I kona manaʻo, he kūʻē ka wahine hoʻolohe ʻole i nā hoʻohiki o ka male, a ʻo ia ka hewa a ka lāhui.
Hōʻea maila ka poʻe mikionali ma Hawaiʻi i ka M.H. 1820.18 No 45 mau makahiki a ʻoi iki aʻe ma mua o ke paʻi ʻia ʻana o kēia ʻatikala nei, aia nō lākou ma Hawaiʻi e hoʻolaulaha aku ana i ke aʻo a ka Baibala. ʻO ka male kekahi haʻawina nui i aʻo ʻia aku i ka poʻe Hawaiʻi. ʻO ia ka hoʻohiki i mua o ke kahu Kalikiano ma waena o ke kāne hoʻokahi a me ka wahine hoʻokahi. Ua lilo nō ia i kānāwai kapu ma ke aupuni Hawaiʻi. Ua pāpā ʻia nō ʻo Kānaka, ʻaʻole e hoʻoipoipo male ʻole.19 ʻOiai paha ʻaʻole lōʻihi loa he 45 mau makahiki, he wahi hoʻomanaʻo kāna i hoʻopuka aku ai i ka nūpepa i ka poʻe male nāna i hoʻomoe i ka nūpepa no ka ʻōlelo a ke Akua a me ka
16 Minamina, “He lei nani,” 2. 17 Kaualilinoe, “Pua rose nani,” 4. 18 Noelani Arista, The Kingdom and the Republic: Sovereign Hawaiʻi and the Early United States (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019), 101. 19 ʻO ia nā kānāwai “sumptuary” i ka M.H. 1825 a i ka M.H. 1829. Jonathan Kay Kamakawiwoʻole Osorio, Dismembering Lāhui: A History of the Hawaiian Nation to 1887 (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2002), 13.
26 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA
ʻōlelo o nā kānāwai no ka male, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe male o ke au kahiko o Hawaiʻi e like me ko ka
Baibala.
I loko nō o ke kohu like o ke poʻo manaʻo a me ka manaʻo, ua ʻano ʻokoʻa iki aʻe ko
Kaualilinoe manaʻo, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ko Minamina. No nā wāhine a me nā kaikamāhine kā
Minamina ʻatikala, ʻo lākou ala kāna mau mea e manaʻo ana. Akā, no nā wāhine a me nā kāne nō hoʻi kā Kaualilinoe ʻatikala, no ka mea, ua kuhi like aku hoʻi ʻo Kaualilinoe i nā kāne.
Kuhi akula ʻo ia i nā kāne haʻalele wale i nā wāhine ma kekahi paukū, a ʻo ia kekahi mea e pono ʻole ai ʻo Kānaka. ʻŌlelo maila, penei:
No ia mea hoi, ua koi ia mai ko’u puuwai palupalu e hoike laula aku imua o ko oukou mau maka. E na iwa o ka aoao oluolu, a me na keikikane hoi o ka aoao oolea, pono ia kakou e haliu ae a nana i ka olelo a Paulo, i kakau ia ma Roma 6 : 23, penei, “O ka uku o ka hewa, he make no ia.,” a pela kakou e noonoo nui mai ai, o ka uku o ka hewa ma keia ao au i hana ai, he hoopai weliweli kou ma kela ao (he make.)20
Ma ʻaneʻi i ʻike ʻia aʻe nei kāna kauoha pololei ʻana aku i nā keiki a pau e hoʻolohe pono i nā ʻōlelo a ke Akua o hoʻopaʻi wale ʻia auaneʻi. No laila, i loko nō o kāna kākoʻo like ʻana aku i ko
Minamina manaʻo i nā wāhine a me nā kaikamāhine, ua manaʻo paha ʻo Kaualilinoe he mea nui nō hoʻi ke aʻoaʻo pū ʻana aku i nā kāne a me nā keiki kāne. Me he mea lā, ʻo ka manaʻo nui paha o kēia ʻatikala ka mea nui o ka noho pono ʻana o ka ʻohana a pau ma ka ʻōlelo a ke Akua, a pēlā hoʻi e pono ai ka lāhui.
Ua hiki ʻole ke loaʻa mai kekahi ʻatikala hou aku e kākoʻo pololei ana i ka manaʻo o
Minamina lāua ʻo Kaualilinoe. Hala ʻelima makahiki ma hope o kā Kaualilinoe ʻatikala, a paʻi
20 Kaualilinoe, “Pua rose nani,” 4.
27 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA hou akula ʻo ia i kekahi ʻatikala ʻano like i kapa ʻia ʻo “He pohaku makamae ka wahine noho pono no kana kane” ke poʻo manaʻo.21
No kēia manaʻo ʻo ka wahine noho pono, ua ʻike ʻia nō kekahi mau ʻatikala pili mai ka
M.H. 1837 a hiki loa i ka M.H. 1927. ʻAʻole naʻe nui loa, akā ua pili nō ka hapa nui o ka manaʻo i kēia ʻōlelo Baibala mai ka Buke ʻo Nā ʻŌlelo Akamai, “O ka wahine noho pono, he papale alii oia i kana kane, Aka, me he mea popopo la i kona mau iwi ka mea e hoohilahila ai.”22 ʻO ia ʻōlelo nō kekahi haʻawina nui a ka poʻe mikionali i aʻo aku ai i ka poʻe Hawaiʻi, a ʻo ia nō ke kaila nohona o ia poʻe mikionali ma muli o ko lākou hilinaʻi nui i ka ʻōlelo a ke Akua. Ma ka noʻonoʻo o ka poʻe mikionalo, ʻo ka wahine, kohu wale ia me nā mea nani, ʻo ka lei ʻoe, ʻo ka pua rose ʻoe, ʻo ka pōhaku makamae ʻoe, ʻo ka pāpale aliʻi a ia ʻano mea hou aku, a na ke kāne nō ia mau mea.
ʻAʻohe ona mana ma waho o ka hoʻonaninani ʻana i ke kāne.23 ʻO ke kāne i luna, a ʻo ka wahine i lalo. ʻO ia ka manaʻo a ka poʻe mikionali i haʻakoi aku ai i ka poʻe Hawaiʻi, a he hana hoʻokolonaio nō ia.
ʻO kekahi māhele o ka hoʻokolonaio ʻana, ʻo ia ke kāpae ʻia ʻana o ka moʻolelo, ka ʻike, ka
ʻōlelo, a me ke kuanaʻike o kekahi lāhui ʻōiwi. Kapa ʻia nō hoʻi ia kāpae ʻia ʻana he cultural bomb,
21 J. W. K Kaualilinoe, “He Pohaku Makamae Ka Wahine Noho Pono No Kana Kane,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Malaki 26, 1870, 4. 22 Nā ʻŌlelo Akamai 12:4 Ka Palapala Hemolele: Iehova Ko Kakou Akua o ke Kauoha Kahiko i Unuhiia mai ka Olelo Hebera (Oahu: American Bible Society, 1838), 317. 23 Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ua manaʻo ʻia e ka poʻe mikionali, he lepo a he hewa ka wahine. Wahi a Lucia Tarallo Jensen, “In a world far away, religions had identified woman with sin. Unfortunately, this belief was also reflected in the hearts of many men who came to the Sandwich Islands to preach, convert and document a culture little understood by them. To be held accountable are those Hawaiian men who bought into that alien deception aiding in the estragement of their sister-wife.” Lucia Tarallo Jensen, Nā Kaikamahine ʻo Haumea: Daughters of Haumea Women of Ancient Hawaiʻi (Honolulu: Pueo Press, 2005), iii. A kuhi akula ua Jensen nei i kekahi ʻōlelo mai Jocelyn Linnekin mai, penei; “Nearly two decades after the overthrow of the taboos…male Hawaiian ali’i adopted a set of laws authored by Western males who believed in the incompetence and passivity of woman.” Jocelyn Linnekin, Sacred Queens and Women of Consequence (Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1990), 11.
28 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA wahi a Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o.24 A ke pau ia mea i ke kāpae ʻia, kuapo ʻia nō hoʻi me kekahi ʻike hou.
Ma Hawaiʻi nei, ʻo ia ka hoʻohaole ʻia ʻana o ka poʻe Hawaiʻi ma o ka ʻōlelo a ka Baibala. Ua hoʻāʻo nā mikionali e hoʻopau wale aku i ka ʻike nui a lehulehu a ka poʻe Hawaiʻi, a ʻonou wale aku i nā poʻo Hawaiʻi i loko o ka Baibala.
I ke kuanaʻike Hawaiʻi, he kuleana ko ka wahine, a he kuleana ko ke kāne. ʻAʻole kau ʻia ke kāne ma luna o ka wahine, a ʻaʻole hoʻi kau ʻia ka wahine ma luna o ke kāne.25 No nā wāhine
Hawaiʻi ē, mai ka wā kahiko a hiki loa i kēia mau lā, he mau alakaʻi nui lākou. ʻO Pele ke akua wahine ikaika o ka lua. ʻO Kalanikauleleiaiwi ka mōʻī kuʻi kaulana e ʻai moku ana me
Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku i ka moku o Keawe. ʻO Liliʻuokalani ko kākou mōʻīwahine nāna i kūpaʻa ma hope o ka ʻāina me ka wiwo ʻole. A he nui lehulehu hou aku nā wāhine i hiki ʻole ke helu ʻia ma nei palapala mai ka wā i hala loa a i kēia au e holo nei, na lākou hoʻi e alakaʻi pono i ka lāhui Hawaiʻi ma nā au hoʻihoʻi ea a me ke au kiaʻi mauna, ma ka hoʻonaʻauao, ma ka hana noiʻi, ma ka hula, ma ka hoʻokele waʻa, ma ka mālama ʻāina a he nui nā ʻano mea hou aku.26
Ma o ke aʻo ʻana aku a ka poʻe mikionali i nā Hawaiʻi no ka Baibala a me ke kaila nohona haole, ua hoʻokolonaio ʻia ka noʻonoʻo a ua hoʻāʻo hoʻi ka poʻe haole e kāpae i kēlā ʻike no ka mana o ka wahine Hawaiʻi, a hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia nō ka wahine, a hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia aʻe nō hoʻi ke kāne i like ai hoʻi ka nohona Hawaiʻi me ka nohona haole ma ka ʻōlelo o ke Akua. A ma o kā
Kaualilinoe mau ʻatikala, kā Minamina mau ʻatikala, a me nā ʻatikala ʻē aʻe a kekahi mau mea
24 “The effect of a cultural bomb is to annihilate a people’s belief in their names, in their languages, in their enviroment, in their heritage of struggle, in their unity, in their capacities and ultimately in themselves.” Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature (Oxford, London, England: James Currey, 1986), 3. 25 Jensen, Daughters of Haumea, ii-iii. 26 Ua hiki nō iaʻu ke kuhi aku i kēia puke holoʻokoʻa no ka hōʻike ʻana mai i ka waiwai a me ka mana o nā wāhine Hawaiʻi. No ka ʻike hou aku, e heluhelu i ka mana hou i paʻi ʻia i ka M.H. 2016. Lilikalā Kameʻeleihiwa, Nā Wāhine Kapu: Divine Hawaiian Woman (Honolulu: Short Stack, 2016), 1.
29 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA kākau nūpepa, ʻike leʻa ʻia ua hihia ihola nō kekahi mau kāne i ka ʻupena hoʻokolonaio a ia poʻe mikionali i hoʻolei aku ai me he mea lā ua poina nō hoʻi lākou. Eia hoʻi, ʻaʻole nō i holo pono ka hana hoʻokolonaio, ʻaʻole hoʻi i hoʻopahū ʻia ia mea pahū. Maopopo leʻa nō hoʻi iā kākou, nā
Hawaiʻi, i ka mana nui o nā wāhine Hawaiʻi. ʻAʻohe hoʻi o kākou poina iki. Ola nō hoʻi ka lāhui i nā wāhine.
He mea nui nō kēia kaʻokaʻo mua a ua Lilinoe lā, no ka mea, he kahua nō ia i kūkulu ʻia aʻe ai ka hale o kāna mau ʻatikala hōʻike manaʻo ʻē aʻe. Ua kākau ʻo ia i ʻelima mau ʻatikala hōʻike manaʻo hou aku i nā nūpepa ʻo Ke Au Okoa a me Ka Nupepa Kuokoa i nā M.H. 1870–1872. Ua hiki nō paha ke ʻike ʻia kekahi pilina ma ia mau ʻatikala a pau. Ke kuhi nei wau, ua kākau ʻo
Kaualilinoe i nā ʻatikala hōʻike manaʻo e hōʻike aku ai i ka lehulehu ākea i nā mea e pilikia ai a e pono ai paha ka ʻohana me ka lāhui a me nā mea e pono ai ka ʻohana me ka lāhui.
Ma kekahi ʻatikala, kauoha akula ʻo ia i nā kaikamāhine e hoʻolohe pono i nā mākua o lākou, “e hahai aku oe ma na olelo, ma na ao ana a me na kuhikuhi ana a kou mau makua; ke alakai nae ka laua mau ao ana ma ka pololei a me ka pono a maemae hoi ea !”27 Ma kekahi
ʻatikala aku, kuhi ʻia, ʻo ka holoholo ʻōlelo ka mea e kūʻē ai ka ʻohana. ʻO ia holoholo ʻōlelo ʻana ka mea e huhū ai nā lālā ʻohana a noho launa ʻole.28
Eia kekahi, wahi āna, ʻo ka inu ʻawa nō hoʻi kekahi mea ʻino e hewa ai ka noʻonoʻo a i kūʻē ai ka ʻohana. E wehewehe ʻia ana kēlā manaʻo nui no ka ʻawa i hāpai ʻia maila ma kekahi māhele
ʻē aʻe o kēia mokuna. No laila, ua hōʻike ʻo Kaualilinoe i kekahi mau mea e hewa ai ka pepeiao (ʻo
27 Kaualilinoe, “He Pohaku Makamae,” 4. 28 ʻOiai kākau wale ʻia nō ʻo “J. W. K.” ma ka hopena o kēia ʻatikala, ʻaʻohe oʻu kānalua, ʻo Kaualilinoe nō ia ma muli o ka like loa o ko lāua kākau ʻana. A he hana maʻamau ke pani ʻana i kāna mau ʻatikala me ka ʻōlelo noʻeau “Ua hoi ka ui o Manoa ua ahiahi.” J. W. K., “O Ka Holoholo Olelo, Ke Kumu e Ku-e Ai Ka Noho Launa Pu Ana.,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Kepakemapa 3, 1870, 3.
30 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA ka hoʻolohe pono ʻole), ka waha (ka holoholo ʻōlelo), ka hana a ka lima (ka inu i ka ʻawa) a me ka noʻonoʻo (ka ʻona i ka ʻawa).
A laila, ʻo ka hope loa o kēia moʻo ʻatikala, ʻo “No ke Aloha” ke poʻo manaʻo. “O ke aloha, he mea ia e noho lokahi ana o na aupuni, ka Lahui, a me ka ohana, a na ke aloha no i hoohui i keia mau mea a pau malalo o ka noho lokahi, akahai, oluolu, a haahaa hoi…”29 ʻOiai ua hōʻike ʻo ia i nā mea hewa o ka ʻohana, me he mea lā, ua kākau ʻo ia i kēia ʻatikala hope loa ma ke ʻano he haʻawina nui a he lāʻau lapaʻau paha na ka lāhui e hoʻonā ai i ka pilikia a me ka hewa, ʻo ke aloha nō ia. Ma waho aʻe o kāna mau moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, ʻo kēia moʻo ʻatikala paha kekahi haʻawina nui
āna i waiho ai i mua o ka lāhui i lōkahi aloha ai ka ʻohana a me ka lāhui.
He haʻawina nui nō kēia mea ʻo ke aloha na kākou ma kēia wā pōpilikia i ka hakakā o nā aupuni nui, ka hoʻokae ʻili, ka maʻi hoʻokaʻawale hou o kēia au, a me ke au kiaʻi mauna, no ka mea, ʻo ke aloha ke alakaʻi, a ma o ke aloha ʻana o kekahi i kekahi, a i ka ʻāina nō hoʻi, pēlā hoʻi kākou e pono ai. E hoʻomanaʻo mau kākou i ka haʻawina o ke aloha. ʻO ke aloha ka mea nui, a me ka mea ʻoi aʻe ma luna o nā mea a pau loa. ʻO ke aloha nō ka mea e ola ai kākou.
HE HOOLIKELIKE
He puni nō kēia ʻatikala a Kaualilinoe naʻu, no ka mea, he hōʻike nō ia no kona ʻike hohonu a me kona kālailai nui ʻana i ka Baibala a me nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi. ʻO “He Hoolikelike” ka inoa o kēia ʻatikala pōkole, a paʻi ʻia i ka nūpepa ʻo Ke Au Okoa i ka lā 20 o Iune, M.H. 1867. I ka ʻōlelo mua o kā Kaualilinoe ʻatikala, penei kāna, “No ko’u ike no ia oe [ʻo ka nūpepa kēia] he makua hanai maikai oe i na keiki makua ole…ke waiho aku nei au i keia mau wahi olelo
29 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “No Ke Aloha,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Nowemapa 16, 1872, 3.
31 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA hoolikelike, i ike mai ai lakou [nā keiki] a pau, i ka like ana a like ole paha…”30 Ua manaʻo paha
ʻo ia, he maikaʻi paha kāna aʻo ʻana aku i ka poʻe keiki i nā mea āna i ʻike ai, ʻo ia paha nā moʻolelo Baibala a me nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi.
Eia kekahi, ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki a ʻoi iki aʻe ma mua, puka akula he nūpepa hou
ʻo Ke Alaula kona inoa. ʻO O. H. Kulika [Gulick] ka luna hoʻoponopono.31 ʻO ka “hoolealea, ka hoonaauao a me ka hoomalamalama ana i na keiki” ka manaʻo nui o kēia nūpepa ma ke aʻo ʻana aku i ka poʻe keiki i nā moʻolelo kūwaho me ke kālele nui ʻana i nā moʻolelo Baibala.32 Ua ʻike ʻia nō paha kēlā nūpepa ma ke ʻano he kumu aʻo a makua waha ʻole paha ia no nā keiki. He hoa paʻi paha ia nūpepa no Ke Au Okoa, no ka mea, ʻo O. H. Gulick ke kaikaina nō ka luna hoʻoponopono o Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻo L. H. Gulick, a ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻolaha paipai lawe i ka nūpepa ʻo Ke Alaula i nā ʻaoʻao o Ka Nupepa Kuokoa.33 ʻOiai kākoʻo nui nō paha ʻo Kaualilinoe i kēlā nūpepa ʻo Ke Au
Okoa no kāna paʻi ʻana i kēlā nūpepa, ua manaʻo paha ʻo ia he maikaʻi ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka nūpepa no ke paʻi ʻana i kekahi mea no nā keiki ma loko o kona mau ʻaoʻao nūpepa lahilahi.
Ma kā Kaualilinoe ʻatikala hoʻohālikelike, kuhi ʻia akula ʻelima mau moʻolelo Baibala, a hoʻohālikelike iki ʻia me kekahi mau moʻolelo Hawaiʻi. Ma ia hoʻohālikelike ʻana, hōʻike pono ʻia akula kona ʻaoʻao akamai i ke kālailai moʻolelo a me kona ʻike hohonu i nā ʻano moʻolelo like ʻole.
Eia kekahi, ma ia wā nō i paʻi ʻia ai kēlā nūpepa, ua nui paha ka huli kua ʻana o Kānaka i nā mea o ke au kahiko, a kau hou ana nā maka i nā mea hou a ka haole i lawe mai ai. I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka poʻe haole me ka hana kākau, ua manaʻo ʻia e kekahi, ʻaʻohe moʻolelo maoli o ka Hawaiʻi i
30 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “He Hoolikelike,” Ke Au Okoa, Iune 20, 1867, 4. 31 He hoʻoponopono kaʻu i nā mea i paʻi ʻia e Mookini lāua ʻo Chapin. Kuhi lāua, ʻO L. H. Gulick, ke kaikuaʻana o ua O. H. Gulick nei, ʻo ia ka luna hoʻoponopono. Akā ʻo O. H. Gulick ka pololei. O. H. Gulick, “Ke Alaula,” Ke Alaula, ʻApelila 1, 1866, 4. 32 O. H. Gulick, “Ke Alaula,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Malaki 24, 1866, 2. 33 C., “Ke Alaula,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Malaki 25, 1866, 4.
32 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA hiki ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o ka poʻe haole, ʻoiai ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma luna o ka pepa nō paha e hōʻoia ʻia ai ka pololei o ka moʻolelo.34 I ko Kaualilinoe hoʻohālikelike
ʻana i nā moʻolelo Baibala a me ka moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, ʻike leʻa ʻia ka pilina a me ka like loa o ia mau moʻolelo. No laila, e ʻōlelo ana paha ʻo Kaualilinoe, inā ʻoiaʻiʻo paha kekahi moʻolelo
Baibala, a like loa nō ko ka Hawaiʻi moʻolelo, no ke aha lā e ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole ai ko kākou moʻolelo?
Ma waho o ka hōʻoia ʻana a me ka hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻana i ka waiwai o ko kākou mau moʻolelo, he mea nui kāna hana no kākou o kēia au, no ka mea, kuhi akula ʻo ia i kekahi mau moʻolelo laha loa ʻole iā kākou. ʻO ka huli aʻela nō naʻe ka mea i koe. ʻoiai pōkole wale nō kā Kaualilinoe kālailai hoʻohālikelike me ka wehewehe nui ʻole, ua ʻike ʻē paha ka lehulehu i ia mau moʻolelo
Hawaiʻi āna i kuhi ai. No ia kumu, e hoʻomāhuahua ʻia ana kāna hana ma kēia māhele ma ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hoʻohālikelike ʻelima āna i hāpai maila.35
Kiola ia o Iosepa e kona poe kaikuaana ma Dotana. 1 Kiola ia hoi o Kaneapua e kona mau kaikuaana ma ka Laeokalaau, i Molokai.
ʻO nā huaʻōlelo i kau i luna aʻe nei ka hoʻohālikelike mua, ʻo ia kekahi māhele liʻiliʻi o ka moʻolelo o Iosepa a me Kāneʻāpua. Ma ka Buke Kinohi, Mokuna Kanakolukūmāhiku ko Iosepa moʻolelo. ʻO Iakoba ka makuakāne, a ʻo Iosepa kāna keiki muli loa. ʻO ia nō hoʻi kāna hiwa lani i aloha nui ai. No ko Iosepa kūlana punahele i mua o ke alo o ka makua, inaina ihola ka naʻau o
34 “Aole paha i pololei loa na mea a pau i paiia iloko o keia buke. He pololei a he oiaio paha ka nui, aka, ma kau wahi ua kekee iki paha, no ka mea, o kekahi mau olelo, he mau olelo kahiko loa, a ma ka naau o na kanaka i paa ai, aole ma ka pepa, nolaila, ua paa kapekepeke, aole i pololei loa.” Sheldon Dibble, ka luna hoʻoponopono. Ka Mooolelo Hawaii: Kakauia e Kekahi Mau Haumana o Ke Kulanui, a i Hooponoponoia e Kekahi Kumu o Ia Kula (Lahainaluna: Mea Pai Palapala no ke Kulanui, 1838), ii.; “Ke hoakaka aku nei aʻu (pēlā nō) ma keia moolelo, aole e manao ia keia moolelo, ua pololei loa, no ka mea, ma ka lohe mai i ka poe kahiko keia kakau ana, no ka mea he manao wale no ko lakou aole no he pololei loa e like me ka olelo a ke Akua ka pololei loa.” Davida Malo, The Moʻolelo Hawaiʻi of Davida Malo: Ka ‘Ōlelo Kumu, ka luna hoʻoponopono. Jeffrey Lyon, Puke 1. (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2020), 105. 35 No kēia kālailai moʻolelo, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka mana o ka Baibala i paʻi ʻia i ka M.H. 1838, ʻo ia ke paʻi mua loa, no ka mea, ʻo ia paha ka mana a Kaualilinoe i heluhelu aku ai. Ua hoʻoponopono nui ʻia i nā M.H. 1842 me 1868.
33 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA nā kaikuaʻana ona i ka lili. Hoʻoholo ihola nā kaikuaʻana e pepehi ʻino akula iā ia. Akā naʻe, ua hoʻopakele ʻia ʻo Iosepa e kekahi kaikuaʻana ona, ʻo Reubena kona inoa. Penei kā ua Reubena nei
ʻōlelo, “Mai hookahe i ke koko; e hoolei ia ia iloko o keia lua o ka aina waonahele. Mai kau i ka lima maluna ona.” I ko Iosepa hui pū ʻana me kona poʻe kaikuaʻana ma Dotana, hoʻokō ʻia nō hoʻi ia ʻōlelo a ke kaikuaʻana.36
Ua ʻike paha ʻo Kaualilinoe i ke kohu like o ka moʻolelo no Iosepa me Kāneʻāpua i kāna wā i heluhelu aku ai i ke kaʻao no Kahaokamoku. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki a ʻoi iki aʻe ma mua o ke paʻi ʻia ʻana o ka ʻatikala hoʻohālikelike i paʻi ʻia ai ke kaʻao no Kahaokamoku na ka lima kākau o B. H. K. K. Kekawelekaimana i ka nūpepa ʻo Ke Au Okoa. Eia kekahi māhele o ia moʻolelo. ʻO Kūwahailo ke kāne, a ʻo Kahoupookāne ka wahine. ʻO lāua hoʻi nā aliʻi o nā akua a pau loa e noho ana ma Nuʻumealani. Hānau ʻia maila ʻo Kilohi, ke kaikuaʻana, a he kilo ʻo ia, a ʻo
Kāneʻāpua ka muli. Huhū mau ke kaikuaʻana i kona kaikaina i kāna mau hana.
I kekahi lā, kauoha ʻia akula lāua e ko lāua makuakāne e holo waʻa i Hawaiʻi e ʻimi ai i haku, a ʻo Wahanui ia aliʻi nui a lāua e ʻimi ana. ʻAʻohe o Kāneʻāpua makemake e hele pū me kona kaikuaʻana no ko ke kaikuaʻana huhū mau iā ia, akā ua ʻae maila ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo a kona makua. Ma mua naʻe o ka haʻalele ʻana iā Nuʻumealani, kauoha akula nā akua he nui i ke kaikuaʻana, “…Ke hele la oe me ko kaikaina, mai hana ino oe, ma kau olelo malaila oia, a ma kana olelo malaila aku oe, pela olua e pono ai, e like ka noho ana a hoi wale mai i ka aina nei.”
ʻAʻohe naʻe ona hoʻolohe iki. Hōʻea akula lāua “ma ka Lae o Kalaau” ma Molokaʻi, a kauoha ʻia
36 Buke Kinohi, Mokuna 37, Paukū 1-36. Ka Palapala Hemolele, 77-79.
34 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA ke kaikaina e piʻi i uka i wai na lāua.37 I kona hoʻi hou ʻana mai i kai, ʻike akula ʻo ia i ka waʻa o lāua i ke kai. Ua haʻalele ʻia ʻo ia e kona kaikuaʻana.38
Ma nā moʻolelo ʻelua, ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo “kiola,” akā ua ʻano kiola ʻia ʻo Iosepa a me
Kāneʻāpua no ka manaʻo inaina o ko lāua mau kaikuaʻana iā lāua. Kiola ʻia ʻo Iosepa i loko o ke lua, a kiola ʻia akula ʻo Kāneʻāpua i Kalaeokalāʻau. I loko o ke ana o Iosepa a ma Kalaeokalāʻau hoʻi, ʻaʻohe mea o laila e hoʻopakele ʻia ai lāua.
Eia nō hoʻi kekahi mea hoihoi, kuhi ʻia e Kaualilinoe “kona mau kaikuaana.” I ka moʻolelo no Iosepa, he mau kaikuaʻana kona, akā i ka moʻolelo no Kahaokamoku, hoʻokahi kaikuaʻana i helu ʻia, ʻo Kilohi kona inoa, a ʻo ia wale nō ke kaikuaʻana i kiola akula iā ia. Huli akula wau i kekahi mau moʻolelo hou aku no Kāneʻāpua ma Kalaeokalāʻau, a he hua ʻole ka loaʻa. Akā naʻe, aia nō kekahi mau moʻolelo kohu like loa no Kāneʻāpua me kona mau kaikuaʻana.
I kekahi moʻolelo ʻē aʻe no ke aliʻi ʻo Wahanui i kākau ʻia e S. M. Kamakau i Ka Nupepa
Kuokoa, ua like loa ka moʻolelo, koe naʻe ka makamua. ʻAʻole ʻōlelo ʻia no Nuʻumealani, a ʻaʻole kuhi ʻia ʻo Kilohi ke kaikuaʻana. He kilo wale nō ua Kilohi lā na Wahanui. ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia nā kaikuaʻana o Kāneʻāpua. A i kēia mana, aia nō ʻo ia i ka lae o ʻĀpua, Kaunolū, Lānaʻi. Kohu like loa ka hapa nui aʻe o ka moʻolelo. Ua heluhelu paha ʻo Kaualilinoe i kēia mana, ʻoiai ua paʻi ʻia i kona wā e ola ana.39
37 ʻO Kalaeokalāʻau, a ʻo Laeokalāʻau, a ʻo Lāʻau nā ʻano ʻōlelo ʻana o ia inoa ʻāina. 38 ʻEhā helu ka lōʻihi o kēia moʻolelo pōkole. ʻAʻole nui ka ʻike no kēia mea kākau, a ʻo Kahaokamoku wale nō kekahi moʻolelo āna i kākau ai i loaʻa iaʻu i kaʻu huli iki ʻana. B. H. K. K. Kekawelekaimana, “He Kaao no Kahaokamoku,” Ke Au Okoa, Malaki 12, 1866, 4; Malaki 19, 1866, 4; ʻApelila 23, 1866, 4; ʻApelila 30, 1866, 4. 39 S. M. Kamakau, “Ka Mooolelo o Kamehameha I, Helu 9,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Ianuali 5, 1867, 1.
35 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA
Kūlike loa ka mana o ko Wahanui moʻolelo i ʻohiʻohi ʻia e Abraham Fornander me kā
Kamakau, a ʻano like iki me kā Kaualilinoe. I kāna mana naʻe, wehewehe ʻia maila ke kumu o ko
Kāneʻāpua noho ʻana ma Kaunolū. I laila ʻo Kāneʻāpua i noho ai me kona mau kaikuaʻana, ʻo
Kāne lāua ʻo Kanaloa. Kauoha ʻia ke kaikaina e piʻi i uka i wai na lākou. I ka hoʻopihapiha ʻia
ʻana o nā huewai, puʻu mimi ihola ke kaikaina, a ʻo ka hele ihola nō ia i ka hoʻopau pilikia. Ukuhi naʻe ka mimi i ka huewai a lākou. Hoʻi mai ʻo Kāneʻāpua i kai, a inu ʻia ihola ka wai āna i kiʻi aku ai. ʻO ka mimi wale nō ia. Huhū nā kaikuaʻana, a haʻalele ʻia ke kaikaina i ka lae o Kaunolū. Ma hope o kēia haʻalele ʻia ʻana, ʻano like loa nā moʻolelo ʻekolu.40 Ma kēia moʻolelo, kiola ʻia ke kaikaina ma ka lae o Kaunolū. Ma kēia moʻolelo nō hoʻi, ua helu ʻia kekahi mau kaikuaʻana ʻē aʻe i haʻalele i ko lāua kaikaina ʻo Kāneʻāpua, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Kāne lāua ʻo Kanaloa. ʻO lāua paha nā kaikuaʻana a Kaualilinoe i kuhi nei. No ka nui o nā mana o kēia moʻolelo, malia paha, ua maopopo iā Kaualilinoe kekahi mana ʻokoʻa no kekahi mau kaikuaʻana o Kāneʻāpua, a ʻo Kāne lāua ʻo Kanaloa nō paha ia. Malia paha, he moʻolelo hoʻohui ia i nā mana ʻekolu i wehewehe ʻia i luna aʻe nei.
Kiola ia o Mose i loko o ka wai, a hoolilo ia i keiki na ke kaikamahine a Parao o Aigupita. 2 Kiola ia hoi o Ueuelekehau i loko o ka wai, a lilo i keiki, na ke kaikamahine a Kealaimakaokala, o Kauai.
ʻO ʻAikupika ka ʻāina, a ua noho aliʻi ʻia e Parao.41 He mau kauā nō hoʻi ka poʻe Hepela na ka poʻe ʻAikupika. No ka nui ʻana aʻe o ka poʻe Hepela, kauoha akula ʻo Parao, e kiola ʻia akula nā keiki kāne Hepela a pau loa i ka muliwai ʻo Nile, a make. I kekahi lā, hānau ʻia maila kahi
40 Ua like paha kā Fornander mana me kā Kamakau, no ka mea, ʻo Kamakau nō kekahi o nā mea nāna i hoʻomaopopo aku iā Fornander i nā moʻolelo āna i ʻohiʻohi ai. Abraham Fornander, Memoirs of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History, Puke IV (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1916), 1, 517. 41 ʻO Parao ka inoa i kapa ʻia ai nā aliʻi nui o ʻAikupika.
36 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA keiki kāne mai ka pūhaka mai o kahi wahine Hepela. No ka maikaʻi o ke keiki, ua hūnā ʻia ʻo ia.
Hiki maila ka lā i hiki ʻole ai i ka makuahine ke hūnā i kāna keiki, a lawe ʻia ke keiki i ka muliwai, a waiho ʻia ihola i loko o ka waʻa kome a holo ihola. Hiki akula ka waʻa kome lawe keiki Hepela i kahi e ʻauʻau ana ke kaikamahine a Parao. ʻIke koke ʻia, he keiki Hepela ʻo ia. No ka maikaʻi o ia keiki, hoʻoholo ke kaikamahine a Parao nāna hoʻi e mālama a hānai aku iā ia. Kapa ʻia ihola kēia keiki o ka muliwai ʻo Mose. Pēlā nō hoʻi i lilo ai ʻo ia i keiki na ke kaikamahine a Parao o
ʻAikupika.42
Huli akula au i kekahi moʻolelo no Ueuelekehau, a he ʻole ka loaʻa. Ua loaʻa naʻe ʻo
Uweuwelekehau, he ʻano ʻokoʻa ia o ka pela ʻana. Ma kekahi haʻilono ʻana a S. M. Kamakau no ka hana a ka ʻAhahui ʻImi i nā mea Kahiko o Hawaiʻi nei, kuhi iki ʻia nā haku moʻolelo i ka moʻolelo ʻo Uweuwelekehau, ʻo Kaʻahumanu lāua ʻo Haʻaloʻu (ka wahine a ke kahuna nui ʻo
Hewahewa) nō ia. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ia i wehewehe aku i ka moʻolelo, koe naʻe i Mānā, Kauaʻi ka moʻolelo.43
Hōʻike akula ʻo Fornander i loko o kekahi puke āna no ke kaʻao o Uwewelekehau. ʻO Kū ke kāne, a ʻo Hina ka wahine, a ʻo Uwewelekehau kā lāua keiki. Noho nō lākou ma Waiānuenue,
Hilo. I kekahi lā, hele akula ʻo Uwewelekehau i ka hoʻoholoholo waʻa i ka muliwai ʻo
Kalopulepule. ʻIke ʻia kekahi ao i uka o Wailuku, a ʻo ka ua ihola nō ia. Hālana nui maila ka muliwai, a lilo akula ke keiki i ia muliwai. Na nā akua o kona ʻohana ia ua i hoʻohālana i ka muliwai, ʻo Kāne lāua ʻo Kanaloa nō ia. Puka akula ke keiki i kai a hoʻololi ʻia ʻo ia i iʻa moa e kona mau akua a holo i Kauaʻi. I laila i hopu ʻia ai ʻo ia e kekahi lawaiʻa a lawe ʻia i mua o
Luʻukia, ka hoahānau o ke keiki. Hoʻololi hou ʻia kona kino i kino kanaka. No ka nohea loa o ia
42 Buke Pukaʻana, Mokuna 1, Paukū 1-22, Mokuna 2, Paukū 1-25. Ka Palapala Hemolele, 109-112. 43 S. M. Kamakau, “Ahahui Imi i Na Mea Kahiko o Hawaii Nei,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Kepakemapa 9, 1865, 1.
37 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA keiki kāne, ʻo ka noho pū ihola nō ia a lāua. Noho aliʻi lāua i Mānā a ʻo lāua nō kekahi mau aliʻi nui a kaulana hoʻi ma Kauaʻi.44
ʻOiai aia nō i Mānā, Kauaʻi kēia mana i wehewehe iki ʻia i luna aʻe nei, ʻo ia like nō paha ka moʻolelo a Kamakau e nūnē ana, ʻo Kaʻahumanu lāua ʻo Haʻaloʻu nā haku moʻolelo. ʻAʻole naʻe i kuhi ʻia ʻo Kealaimakaokala, ka makua nāna ke kaikamahine i lawe hānai iā Ueuelekehau, a ʻaʻole ʻōlelo iki ʻia no ka lawe hānai ʻia ʻana o ia keiki lilo i ka muliwai, akā e like me kā
Fornander, kākau ʻia e Kaualilinoe, aia nō ka moʻolelo ma Kauaʻi. Ma ia manaʻo nō e like ai.
Malia paha, ʻaʻole i kākau piha ʻia ka moʻolelo e Fornander, malia paha, ua maopopo iā
Kaualilinoe kekahi mau māhele ʻē aʻe a mana ʻē aʻe paha o kēlā moʻolelo. Minamina ka loaʻa ʻole o ka moʻolelo piha, akā ma muli o kā Kaualilinoe kuhikuhi ʻana iā Kealaimakaokala, maopopo leʻa iā kākou o kēia au e holo nei, he ʻike mai koe, a na kākou e huli aku.
Hele o Mose me ka lehulehu o ka Iseraela mawaena o ke kai-ula. 3 Hele hoi o Iwa me ka lehulehu kanaka o Maui mawaena o ke kai o Pailolo.
Ua lilo ʻo Mose, ke keiki o ka waʻa kome i ka muliwai, ʻo ia ke alakaʻi nāna i hoʻopakele aku i ka poʻe Hepela i nā lima hana ʻino o Parao me ka poʻe ʻAikupika. E alualu ʻia ana ʻo Mose mā e ka pūʻali koa o Parao. Hiki akula lākou i ke Kai ʻUla. Kauoha akula ke Akua iā Mose, “E hapai oe i kou kookoo, a e o aku kou lima maluna o ke kai, a e hookaawale ia…” Maliu maila nō
ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo a ke Akua, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke Kai ʻUla, a hele akula ʻo Mose me ka lehulehu
Hepela ma waena o ke Kai ʻUla i pakele aku i ka ʻino a Parao. Hahai like nō hoʻi ka pūʻali
ʻAikupika i ka poʻe Hepela, akā hoʻi hou ke kai, ʻo ka lilo nō ia o lākou a pau i ka make.45
44 Abraham Fornander, Memoirs of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History, Puke V (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1918), 193-199. 45 Mai ka Paukū 16 ka puanaʻī. Ka Palapala Hemolele, 137-139.
38 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA
I koʻu huli ʻana aku i nā ʻano waihona moʻolelo like ʻole i ka moʻolelo no ʻIwa me ka lehulehu kanaka o Maui e hele ana ma waena o ke kai ʻo Pailolo, ʻaʻohe wahi mea loaʻa iki. I ka moʻolelo no ʻIwa—ʻo ia ka ʻaihue kaulana loa—i hōʻike ʻia e Fornander, ʻaʻohe māhele pili iki.46
Eia kekahi, huli akula wau i kekahi moʻolelo kohu like me kahi i kuhikuhi ʻia e Kaualilinoe, he
ʻole nō naʻe ka loaʻa.
No ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike loaʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke kuhi ʻia, ʻo ʻIwa ma Pailolo ka mea like a like ʻole paha me ka ʻaihue ʻo ʻIwa. Ua maopopo paha iā Kaualilinoe kēia moʻolelo, a no kona hōʻike wale
ʻana aku i nā nūpepa, ua maopopo paha i kekahi mea hoʻomoe nūpepa. Nele hoʻi kākou i ka ʻike
ʻole, a no kākou hoʻi ke kuleana e ʻimi aku.
Moni ola ia o Iona e ka ia nui, a luai ia ma ka aina maloo. 4 Moni ola ia hoi o Kukuipahu e ka ia nui, a luai ia ma Kauiki i Maui.
Laha a kaulana loa paha ka moʻolelo no Iona me ka moni ola ʻia ʻana e ka iʻa nui. Kau aʻela ʻo Iona i kekahi moku. Ma kai, ikaika ka makani, a nui ʻino nā ʻale. Hopohopo ka poʻe ma luna o ka moku. No ko Iona makaʻu nui i ke Akua, ʻōlelo akula ʻo ia i ka poʻe e kiola iā ia i ke kai, a na ke Akua nō e hoʻomālie. Pēlā nō ka hana, a mālie ke kai. Hoʻouna ʻia ka iʻa nui e ke Akua e moni ola iā Iona. Noho ʻo ia i loko o ka iʻa nui me ka pule mau ʻana i kona Akua. Hala ʻekolu lā, a luaʻi ʻia ʻo ia i ka ʻāina maloʻo.47
Kuhi akula ʻo Kepā Maly lāua ʻo Onaona Maly i kekahi moʻolelo no Kukuipahu a me kona wā i moni ola ʻia ai, a naʻu hoʻi i ʻimi a loaʻa mai ka moʻolelo kumu.48 I nā pukana ʻo “Ka
Moolelo Hawaii” a Kamakau i kākau ai, wehewehe iki ʻia maila nā moʻolelo manō o Hawaiʻi nei.
46 Fornander, Memoirs, 1918, 184-293. 47 Buke Iona, Mokuna 1, Paukū 1-16 me ka Mokuna 2, Paukū 1-11. Ka Palapala Hemolele, 930-932. 48 Kepa Maly lāua ʻo Onaona Maly, “Ka Hana Lawaiʻa a Me Nā Koʻa o Na Kai ʻEwalu: A History of Fishing Practices and Marine Fisheries of the Hawaiian Islands” (Hilo: Kumu Pono Associates, 2003), 56.
39 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA
Kuhi aʻela ʻo ia i ka moʻolelo no Kukuipahu, he aliʻi ʻo ia no Hawaiʻi. I kekahi lā, ua ale ʻia ke aliʻi e kekahi manō, a noho lōʻihi ʻo ia i loko o ka manō no kekahi mau lā. I kona noho ʻana i loko o ka manō, heleleʻi ihola kona lauoho. Pae akula ka manō i Hāna, Maui kahi e noho aliʻi ʻia e ʻEleʻio. I laila, ua hāʻawi ʻia kāna kaikamahine ʻo Ahukiokalani i ke aliʻi ale ola ʻia i wahine nāna.49 ʻO ka mea like paha kēia moʻolelo i luna aʻe nei me kā Kaualilinoe i kuhi aku ai. Ua heluhelu nō paha
ʻo Kaualilinoe i kēia moʻo ʻatikala a Kamakau, no ka mea, ua paʻi ʻia i kekahi mau mahina ma mua iki o ka puka ʻana o kāna ʻatikala hoʻohālikelike. A eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻāina ʻo Kaʻuiki, aia nō i
Hāna, Maui. ʻAʻole naʻe i ʻōlelo ʻia e Kamakau, aia nō ma Kaʻuiki. Malia paha, ua maopopo iā
Kaualilinoe ka moʻolelo piha. ʻŌlelo maila ʻo Kamakau, “…he moolelo kaulana keia no ke ale ia e ka mano me ka loihi loa o na la o ka noho ana iloko o ka mano…”50 ʻOiai he moʻolelo kaulana ia, ua laha loa paha kēia moʻolelo i kēlā wā o ka poʻe kūpuna. I kēia au naʻe, ʻaʻole paha hoʻopaʻa
ʻia ka moʻolelo piha i nā ʻaoʻao nūpepa. Akā, ma o ka waiho ʻia ʻana o ka ʻike hune a kēia mau mea kākau ʻelua ʻo Kaualilinoe lāua ʻo Kamakau, ua hiki nō ke ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia ka moʻolelo. He ʻimi nō ka mea e koe nei.
Kamailio pu o Aberahama me ke Akua ma Heberona. 5 Kamaili [pn] pu hoi ke Akua me Makuakaumana, ma Kaipapau, Koolauloa, Oahu.
I ka Buke Kinohi, ua noho i Heberona ʻo Aberahama me kāna wahine ʻo Sarai i kona wā
ʻelemakule. I laila nō ʻo ia i kamaʻilio pū ai me ke Akua ʻehā mau manawa. Aia nō kekahi mau manawa a Aberahama lāua ʻo ke Akua i kamaʻilio ai ma Heberona. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka
ʻōlelo wānana a ke Akua e hānau ʻia ana mai nā pūhaka mai ona me kāna wahine kekahi keiki i loko nō o ko lāua ʻano ʻelemakule a luahine hoʻi, a e lilo ana kāna mau pua ʻo ia nā kini o ka
49 S. M. Kamakau, “Ka Moolelo Hawaii, Helu 26,” Ke Au Okoa, ʻApelila 14, 1870, 1. 50 Kamakau, “Ka Moolelo Hawaii, Helu 26.”
40 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA
ʻāina.51 ʻO ka manawa ʻelua, pili nō kā lāua kamaʻilio ʻana i ke kauoha ʻoki poepoe.52 ʻO ka manawa ʻekolu, hele mai ke Akua i mua o Aberahama ma ke ʻano he ʻekolu mau kānaka, a kamaʻilio pū lākou no ka hāpai koke ʻana o Sarai.53
ʻO ka manawa ʻehā paha ke kaulana loa o nā kamaʻilio ʻana o Aberahama lāua ʻo ke
Akua, a he kamaʻilio ʻano lōʻihi nō ia. Haʻi akula ke Akua iā Aberahama no kona huhū i ka poʻe e noho ana i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Sodoma no ko lākou mau hewa, a no kona huhū e luku ana ʻo ia i kēlā poʻe. Ma ia mau paukū Baibala, hōʻike ʻia nō hoʻi ka nīnau ʻana aku a Aberahama i ke Akua no kāna mau hana a me kona manaʻo e luku i kekahi poʻe. Hāpai aʻela ʻo ia i pule i mua o ke
Akua no ka hoʻopakele ʻana i nā kānaka pono o Sodoma.54 He mea nui ia kamaʻilio pū ʻana, no ka mea, ua ʻano kūʻē haʻahaʻa nō ʻo Aberahama i ka hana a kona Akua.
Palapala ʻia e Joseph Mokuʻōhai Poepoe,55 William Hyde Rice,56 W. D. Westervelt,57 a me Mary Kawena Pukui lāua ʻo Laura C. S. Green58 kekahi mau mana ʻano like no ka moʻolelo no Makuakaumana. Ua paʻi ʻia kekahi mau mana o ka moʻolelo no Makuakaumana i nā nūpepa
ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi akā ʻaʻole hōʻike ʻia nā mea kākau. Ma ka hapa nui o nā moʻolelo, he makāula ʻo ia no Tahiti mai, ʻo ia ka mea i hele pū me Pāʻao i Hawaiʻi nei. I kekahi ʻatikala, kuhi ʻia ʻo
Makuakaumana ʻo ia ʻo “Iona Hawaiʻi,” no ka mea, ua moni ola ʻia ʻo Makuakaumana e ka iʻa
51 Buke Kinohi 15:1-9. Ka Palapala Hemolele, 25-26. 52 Buke Kinohi 17:1-19. Ka Palapala Hemolele, 27-29. 53 Buke Kinohi 18:1-15. Ka Palapala Hemolele, 29-30. 54 Buke Kinohi 18:22-33. Ka Palapala Hemolele, 31-32. 55 J. M. Poepoe, “Moolelo Hawaii Kahiko,” Ka Na’i Aupuni, Kepakemapa 13, 1906, 1; Kepakemapa 14, 1906, 1; Kepakemapa 15, 1906, 1; Kepakemapa 17, 1906, 1; Kepakemapa 18, 1906, 1. 56 William Hyde Rice, Hawaiian Legends (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1923), 116-132. 57 W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Legends of Honolulu (Boston: G.H. Ellis Press, 1915), 145-147. 58 Mary Kawena Pukui lāua ʻo Laura C. S. Green, Folktales of Hawaiʻi: He Mau Kaʻao Hawaiʻi (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1995), 11-12, 106-107.
41 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA nui, he koholā a palaoa paha ia.59 Hōʻike ʻia ia moʻolelo me ke koholā a palaoa paha i nā mana i kākau ʻia e Poepoe, Rice me Westervelt. Akā nō naʻe, no kēia hoʻohālikelike ʻana a Kaualilinoe, ua pili nō i ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana o Makuakaumana me ke Akua ma Kaipāpaʻu. Kuhi wale ʻia nō
ʻo Kaipāpaʻu i nā mana i kākau ʻia e Poepoe me Westervelt. Aia nō naʻe i kā Rice, kā Westervelt, me kā Pukui lāua ʻo Green ka mana i hōʻike ʻia ai ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana o Makuakaumana me kona mau akua ʻo Kāne lāua ʻo Kanaloa.
Ua ʻano like loa nā moʻolelo a Rice me kā Pukui lāua ʻo Green. I kēlā mau mana, pule mau akula ʻo Makuakaumana i kona mau akua ʻo Kāne lāua ʻo Kanaloa. Pōkole loa kā Pukui lāua ʻo Green, a ma nā wahi i nele ai i kekahi wehewehe hou ʻole, na Rice paha i hoʻolako mai.
Eia hoʻi kāna. I kekahi lā, kipa akula nā akua iā ia ma ke ʻano he mau malihini. Hoʻokipa ʻia lāua a kamaʻilio pū lākou. A makana ʻia ʻo Makuakaumana i kekahi ʻauamo i hiki iā lāua me kāna keiki ke hoʻohana ma ko lāua māla me ka luhi ʻole. I kekahi lā, kipa akula lāua iā Makuakaumana ma ke ʻano he mau ʻelemākule. Hoʻokipa ʻia lāua a kamaʻilio pū lākou. A aʻo ʻia ʻo
Makuakaumana i ka pule pono ʻana i nā akua. I ke kolu o ke kipa ʻana, hoʻi hou lāua ma ke ʻano he mau aliʻi. Hoʻokipa ʻia lāua a kamaʻilio pū lākou. Akā ua hehikū kāna keiki i nā kapu pule a nā akua. ʻŌlelo nā aliʻi (ʻo ia nā akua ʻo Kāne lāua ʻo Kanaloa), e pepehi ʻia kāna keiki a make, a lilo i mōhai no nā akua. ʻAe maila ʻo Makuakaumana a hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā mea a pau no ka mōhai
ʻia ʻana o kāna keiki hoʻokahi. Ma mua iki o ka hoʻomake ʻana i kāna keiki, hoʻālia akula nā akua iā Makuakaumana a hoʻopakele ʻia kāna keiki a ola. He hoʻāʻo ia hana mōhai a nā akua no
Makuakaumana i ʻike leʻa ʻia ka hilinaʻi nui a Makuakaumana i kona mau akua.
Like loa nō kēia me ko ke Akua hoʻāʻo ʻana iā Aberahama. Kauoha akula ke Akua iā ia e mōhai kuni i kāna keiki aloha. No kona hilinaʻi nui i ke Akua, hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā mea a pau e
59 “Ka Huakai Pokole i Koolauloa,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ʻOkakopa 9, 1896, 1.
42 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA pono ai ka mōhai kuni. Ua ʻane hoʻomake ʻia kāna keiki a hoʻālia akula ke Akua iā Aberahama. A laila, ʻike leʻa ʻia ka hilinaʻi nui āna i kona Akua.60 He haʻawina nui paha kēia manaʻo i luna aʻe nei. Ua hōʻike akula ʻo Kaualilinoe, e like nō hoʻi me ka hilinaʻi nui a nā mea hahai i ke Akua
Kalikiano, pēia like hoʻi ka hilinaʻi nui o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i nā akua o lākou. Inā hilinaʻi nui
ʻia ke Akua, he hiki nō hoʻi ke hilinaʻi ʻia nā akua.
I ka mana a Westervelt, ʻaʻole nō i kuhi ʻia ka inoa ʻo Makuakaumana, akā no ka like loa o kēia moʻolelo ma nā māhele e pili ana i kāna pule mau ʻana i nā akua ʻo Kāne me Kanaloa me ka māhele no ka iʻa nui, ʻo Makuakaumana nō paha ia. Hele mai nā akua e kipa aku iā
Makuakaumana i ka hale, a hoʻokipa ʻia lāua a kamaʻilio pū lākou. I ko lākou kamaʻilio pū ʻana,
ʻōlelo akula nā akua iā ia, e hele ʻole i kai ke pae mai ka iʻa nui.
Ma kekahi māhele o ka mana a Westervelt, hōʻike ʻia ka hele ʻana mai o nā iʻa ulua i
Kaipāpaʻu ma muli o nā hana a nā Akua. Kuhi ʻia kēia moʻolelo ma kekahi ʻatikala o nā nūpepa
ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, penei:
I keia wa e olelo ia nei he pegana eia ua kamailio pu ko Hawaii me ke Akua. E like me ke kauoha ana o Kane me Kanaloa (o laua na akua) ia Makuakaumana “e kii i ka ulua maloko o ke kiowai,” ma Kaipapau, Koolauloa. Ua kauoha aku no hoi o Iehova ia Iona e hele aku ia e ao i ko Sodoma me Gomora no kona holo ana anei ma ka moku? Holo o Makuakaumana ma ka “ia-nui?” (kohola), oia ka mea i oleloia ai he pegana? Aole pela, no ka honua kahiko ia.61
Hōʻike ʻia i kēlā ʻōlelo puanaʻī i luna aʻe nei ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana o Kāne, Kanaloa, me
Makuakaumana. Eia hou kekahi, ua ʻae maila ka mea kākau inoa ʻole i ka manaʻo a Kaualilinoe i hāpai maila i kekahi mau makahiki ma mua, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻōlelo ʻana o nā meʻe i loko o ko kākou mau moʻolelo me nā akua e like me nā mea Baibala e ʻōlelo pū ana me ke Akua.
60 Buke Kinohi 22:1-22. Ka Palapala Hemolele, 38-40. 61 “Kumulipo,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Mei 23, 1902, 2.
43 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA
ʻAʻole paha na Kaualilinoe i hoʻomaka i kēia ʻano kamaʻilio ʻana no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi me nā moʻolelo Baibala, akā hiki nō ke ʻike leʻa ʻia ua komo nō ʻo ia i kēlā
ʻōlelo kūkā ʻana o ka lehulehu, a hoʻomāhuahua hou aku. He hōʻailona nui kēia ʻatikala no ko
Kaualilinoe ʻike hohonu a me kona aloha nui i nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi o ko kākou lāhui. ʻŌlelo maila ʻo ia ma ka hopena o ia ʻatikala, “He mau iho la ia, aia a hoopukaia mai keia ma kou kino
[ka nūpepa ʻo Ke Au Okoa], alaila, hookuu hou aku i ka ipumakani a Laamaomao. Na na hoa kuekaa nupepa ia o kaua e noonoo akahele iho, no ka mea, he nui no i koe…o ka mea io ka mea i makemake nuiia, aole o ka opala.”62 Ma kāna ʻōlelo, hōʻike ʻia paha ka pahuhopu nui a
Kaualilinoe ma waho o ke aʻo ʻana i nā keiki. E ʻōlelo ana ʻo Kaualilinoe i ka lehulehu e noʻonoʻo pono, no ka mea, like nā moʻolelo Baibala me nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, a inā ʻoiaʻiʻo paha nā moʻolelo
Baibala, ʻoiaʻiʻo like nō hoʻi nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi. Inā nō e like, he aha lā hoʻi ka mea e ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole ai ko Hawaiʻi moʻolelo?
Eia kekahi, i ke paʻi ʻia ʻana aku o kāna hoʻohālikelike ʻana, a heluhelu ʻia e ka lehulehu, e hio nui ana ka makani mai ka ipumakani a Laʻamaomao mai, ʻo ia hoʻi e kamaʻilio nui ana ka lehulehu no nā mea e like ai a e ʻokoʻa ai paha nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi a me nā moʻolelo Baibala. Ua makemake ʻo Kaualilinoe e noʻonoʻo nā mākua a me nā keiki no nā ʻano laʻana like ʻole i hiki iā lākou ke kūkākūkā a hoʻohālikelike aku.
Eia hou aku, he nani loa nō hoʻi kāna kuhi ʻana aku i ia ipumakani kaulana, no ka mea, i kēlā moʻolelo ē, ke maopopo mai ka inoa makani, hiki nō i ka mea nāna ka ipu ke kāhea aku i nā makani mai loko mai o ia ipu kupaianaha, a lilo akula kēlā makani ʻo ia kona kōkua i ka wā lūlā.63 A e like nō hoʻi me ia kāhea ʻana aku i nā makani kamaʻāina, ke kamaʻāina nō hoʻi kākou i
62 Kaualilinoe, “He Hoolikelike,” 4. 63 Ua hoʻonohonoho hou ʻia ka moʻolelo o Ka Ipumakani a Laʻamaomao ma ke ʻano he puke. Paʻi mua ʻia e Nakuina i ka M.H. 1902. Moses K. Nakuina, Moolelo Hawaii o Pakaa a me Ku-a-Pakaa, na kahu
44 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, hiki nō hoʻi iā kākou ke kāhea aku i ia mau moʻolelo, a lilo nō hoʻi ia mau moʻolelo ʻo ia ko kākou kōkua. Me he mea lā, ua hoʻokamaʻāina iki wale mai ʻo Kaualilinoe i nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi iā kākou i aʻo mai ai kākou, no ka mea, ua manaʻo paha ʻo ia, waiwai like hoʻi nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, e like nō me nā haʻawina he nui mai nā moʻolelo Baibala mai, he mau haʻawina nui a koʻikoʻi ko nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi o kākou.
KA INO O KA AWA
Ma ka ʻatikala nona nā hua i luna aʻe nei, ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi manaʻo a Kaualilinoe i kākau ai no nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, penei, “o ka mea io ka mea i makemake nuiia, aole o ka opala.”64 ʻO nā mea ʻiʻo, ʻo ia paha nā mea i ʻike like ʻia ma nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi a me nā moʻolelo
Baibala. Inā aia nō i nā ʻaoʻao moʻolelo ʻelua, he ʻoiaʻiʻo nō paha ia. Ma kēia māhele nei, e nānā
ʻia ana kekahi mea i manaʻo ʻia paha he ʻōpala i nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi i ko Kaualilinoe manaʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi “Ka ino o ka awa.”65 E kālailai ʻia ana kāna ʻatikala ma kēia māhele nei i ʻike ʻia kona manaʻo nui a me kona akamai i ke kālailai. E ʻike ʻia ana nō hoʻi kona akamai i nā moʻolelo
Hawaiʻi a me ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi.
Ua wehewehe mua ʻo ia i ka ʻino o ka ʻawa ma o ka hōʻike ʻana aku i kekahi laʻana mai ka moʻolelo kaʻao mai. Kākau ihola ʻo Kaualilinoe, “oiai ua lilo loa o Laielohelohe i ka ona a ka awa, a ike ole ae la ia, i ka hewa i hana ia mawaena o Kekalukaluokewa a me Hinaikamalama.”
Naʻu hoʻi e wehewehe hou aku i ka moʻolelo. ʻO Lāʻielohelohe, ka māhoe o ua Lāʻieikawai nei, ka
iwikuamoo o Keawenuiaumi, ke alii o Hawaii, a o na moopuna hoi a Laamaomao (Honolulu: Kalamaku Press, 1991). 64 Kaualilinoe, “He Hoolikelike,” 4. 65 Ua kiʻi ʻia kēia ʻatikala a unuhi ʻia i ka ʻōlelo haole. ʻO Thomas G. Thrum paha ka mea unuhi, no ka mea, aia nō kona inoa ma luna o kekahi mau ʻaoʻao. Aia nō ka unuhina i ka Waihona Palapala Kahiko o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Kamehameha, Hawaiian Ethnographic Notes #168. J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka ino o ka awa,” Ke Au Okoa, Iune 22, 1871, 3.
45 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA wahine, a ʻo Kekalukaluokēwā kāna kāne. ʻO Hinaikamalama kāna wahine moe kolohe. I nā ahiahi a pau, hānai akula ʻo Kekalukaluokēwā iā Lāʻielohelohe i ka ʻawa a “…uhi paapuia ko
Laielohelohe ike e ka ona awa mau, mamuli o ka makemake o kana kane.” Ke loʻohia a moe ihola ʻo Lāʻielohelohe i ka ʻona ʻawa, haʻalele malū ia kāne ʻāpiki a kolo akula i ka moe hewa o
Hinaikamalama.66 Ma o kēia laʻana a Kaualilinoe i hōʻike aku ai, pēlā nō i ʻike ʻia ai ka ʻino o ka
ʻawa ma ka noʻonoʻo hemahema.
Hāpai ʻia maila ka laʻana no Ulakoheo, he mākeke ia kahi i kālepa ʻia ai ka iʻa.67 No ka nui iʻa i laila, he ikaika ka hohono ke honi aku ka ihu. Akā inā nau ʻia ka ʻawa ma Ulakoheo,
ʻaʻohe hohono ke honi aku. A ʻaʻohe ʻono e pā ana ke alelo, ʻo ka mulea muʻemuʻe wale nō ma muli o ka ʻawa.
A laila, nīnau akula ʻo Kaualilinoe i kona poʻe heluhelu i kēia nīnau i noʻonoʻo ai no ka
ʻino o ka ʻawa i ke kino, penei, “A ina hoi oe e inu i ka apu awa, aole oe e hoomaopopo ana he mea ono e ae kekahi, oiai ua pii mai la ka hoopapailua, a ane luai mai no hoi, no ke aha ? No ka maikai anei o ka awa ? Ea ! aole !” Ma ia nīnau ʻana aku i ka poʻe heluhelu, paipai akula ʻo ia e hākiu akula i ka poʻe inu ʻawa a e ʻike leʻa ʻia ana nā hemahema ʻano ʻē o nā hiʻohiʻona kino.
“…haukae hoi na maka, nakakaka ka ili, me he kukui la no Lilikoi ka hele a pakapakaku, ano aaua ka helehelena me he kanaka a wahine kahiko loa, ka hele a mauaua.”68 A pēlā nō e ʻike maka ai nā mea heluhelu i ka ʻino o ka ʻawa.
66 ʻOiai ua paʻi ʻia kēia puke i ka M.H. 1863, ua heluhelu nō paha ʻo Kaualilinoe i kēia mana, a ʻo ia paha ka mana āna i kuhi aku nei i kāna ʻatikala. S. N. Haleole, Ke Kaao o Laieikawai: Ka Hiwahiwa o Paliuli, Kawahineokaliula (Honolulu: Henry M. Whitney, 1863), 206-209. 67 Ua paʻi mua ʻia kēia puke i ka M.H. 1908. Hōʻano hou ʻia a paʻi ʻia e ka Hale Kuamoʻo i ka M.H. 1996. Ma ia puke nō i pela ʻia ai ʻo ʻUlakōheo me ka ʻokina a me ke kahakō. ʻAʻohe o lākou wehewehe iki i ke kumu no ia pela ʻana, akā ma kaʻu huli ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo, ʻaelike nō wau i ia kuhi, a he kuhi wale nō ia. J. G. M. Sheldon, Ka Puke Moʻolelo o Hon. Iosepa K. Nāwahī, ka luna hoʻoponopono. Lōkahi Antonio (Hilo: Hale Kuamoʻo, 1996), 120. 68 Pololei nō ko Kaualilinoe manaʻo no nā mea e hemahema ai ke kino. ʻAʻole kāna he mea e hoʻomakaʻu wale aku ai i ka mea heluhelu, akā ua makemake paha e makaʻala nā mea heluhelu i kēlā ʻano mea.
46 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA
Hoʻohana ʻia maila kekahi mau nūhou kū i kēlā au o Kaualilinoe mā e noho ana ma ke
ʻano he laʻana no ka ʻino o ka ʻawa. ʻO kekahi laʻana āna i hāpai maila, ma Mānoa, aia nō kekahi kanaka loʻohia i ka ʻawa. Kiola akula ʻo ia i iwi lepopele e ʻā ana i kekahi hale, a ʻā ka hale i ke ahi, puʻō a lauahi ihola ia hale ma muli o ka noʻonoʻo pono ʻole o ia kanaka loʻohia i ka ʻawa.
ʻOiai aia nō kēia ma Mānoa, kahi e noho ʻoluʻolu ana ʻo Kaualilinoe, ua ʻike maka paha ʻo ia i kēia hanana. A ʻoiai he haʻilono hou ʻo ia, pēia nō paha kāna hoʻolaha nūhou ʻana me ka hōʻike pū ʻana i ka ʻino o ka ʻawa. Wehewehe hou akula ʻo Kaualilinoe i kekahi nūhou hou aku ma ke
ʻano he laʻana no ka ʻino o ka ʻawa, a me kekahi mau kumu hou aʻe e hōʻino ai ka ʻawa i ke kanaka ma ke kino a me ka hiamoe pono i ka pō, a he kumu nō ia no ka moloā.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nō paha ka manaʻo o Kaualilinoe no ka ʻawa i nā kānāwai kapu i ʻāpono ʻia ma waena o ka M.H. 1825 a i ka M.H 1829. Ma ia mau kānāwai, pāpā ʻia ka inu ʻawa.69 A pili nō ia pāpā ʻia ʻana o kānaka ʻaʻole e inu ʻawa i ka Baibala. ʻO ke kumu mua paha ua pāpā ʻia ka
ʻawa, no ka mea, i ka Baibala, pāpā ʻia nā mea e hemahema ai ka noʻonoʻo kanaka, ʻo ka inu lama a me ka lāʻau ʻino nō ia. Aia kekahi mau laʻana i loko o ka Baibala e pāpā ana i ia ʻano mea. Eia kekahi laʻana i heluhelu ʻia paha e Kaualilinoe a me ka poʻe nāna i hoʻokumu i kēia mau kānāwai ma Hawaiʻi nei. “Mai inu i ka waina a me ka mea ona, o oe a me kau mau keiki me oe, i ka wa e hele ai oukou iloko o ka halelewa o ke anaina, o make oukou: he kanawai mau no ia i na hanauna o oukou.”70 He nui wale hou aku nā laʻana.
ʻO ke kumu ʻelua paha no ka pāpā ʻia ʻaʻole nō e inu ʻawa, no ka mea, he hana ka inu ʻawa e hoʻopili ai ka mea inu i nā akua. A ma lalo o nā kānāwai a ke Akua, ʻo ia wale nō ke akua e
Kolekole nā maka, māhuna a ʻākaʻakaʻa hoʻi ka ʻili, a he laho paka paha, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hopena i kapa ʻia ʻo kava dermopathy. 69 Osorio, Dismembering Lāhui, 13. 70 Buke Oihana Kahuna 5:9 Ka Palapala Hemolele, 214.
47 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA hoʻomana aku ai. “No ka mea, mai hoomana oe i kekahi akua e, no ka mea, o Iehova, nona ka inoa o Lili, he Akua lili ia.”71 He nui hou aku nā laʻana i koe. No kēia mau ʻōlelo, manaʻo ihola ka poʻe mikionali a me kekahi poʻe aliʻi Hawaiʻi e pāpā aku i kekahi hana kahiko ʻo ka hoʻomana kiʻi
ʻoe, ʻo ka hula ʻoe, ʻo ka lua ʻoe, ʻo ka inu ʻawa ʻoe, a ia ʻano hana hou aku a ko kākou poʻe kūpuna. A ʻo ia ka nohona o ka poʻe hahai i ka ʻōlelo a ke Akua, hōʻole nō lākou i ka mea inu ʻino a me ka lāʻau ʻino, a me nā mea kahiko o ka wā ma mua. ʻO ka ʻawa nō hoʻi kekahi o ia mea i hōʻole ʻia. No ko Kaualilinoe kamaʻāina loa i ka Baibala, ua heluhelu nō ʻo ia i kēia mau ʻōlelo a ua maʻa nō paha ʻo ia i nā kānāwai kapu, ʻo ia nō paha ke kumu āna i kākau ai i kēia ʻatikala.
Kūpaʻa nō ʻo Kaualilinoe i kona manaʻo he mea ʻino ka ʻawa, akā ma kekahi māhele o kāna ʻatikala, ʻōlelo ʻo ia nei he mea maikaʻi ka ʻawa i ke au kahiko i hala loa, a inu ʻia e nā kānaka a pau loa.
O ka awa no ka laau nui a punahele loa i kekahi poe o Hawaii nei, a he lahui inu awa kahiko loa mai no hoi keia, aohe ku, aohe moe, aohe loea i ka wai opae ke maloo, oiai ua pau mai na’lii a na makaainana, he mea maikai loa ka awa i ka poe e inu ana ia mea, a he mea hooluolu kino hoi, a he mea lapaau mai no hoi, i kela au i hala aku la.72
Malia paha, ua ʻike nō ʻo Kaualilinoe na kona poʻe kūpuna nō i hoʻohana i ka ʻawa ma ke
ʻano he mea e lapaʻau ai i nā ʻano maʻi like ʻole. E ʻōlelo ana paha ʻo Kauailinoe, aia paha kekahi mau ʻaoʻao maikaʻi o ka ʻawa, akā aia a inu, a ʻona noʻonoʻo ʻole, a luaʻi, ʻo ia ka ʻino a me ka hewa. Inā pēlā, kūlike nō ia manaʻo no ka waina i ka Baibala. “Mai inu hou i ka wai maoli, he wahi waina uuku hoi kou e lawe ai i pono ai kou opu a me ko nawaliwali pinepine ana.”73 No laila, ʻo ka waina, e like me ka ʻawa, he lāʻau lapaʻau ia no ke kino, a ua ʻike nō ʻo Kaualilinoe i kēlā manaʻo. ʻO ia paha ke kumu no kāna hoʻokomo ʻana i ia ʻōlelo liʻiliʻi o luna aʻe nei. Ua
71 Pukaana 34:14 Ka Palapala Hemolele, 181. 72 Kaualilinoe, “Ka Ino o Ka Awa,” 1871, 3. 73 1 Timoteo 5:23 Ka Palapala Hemolele, 34.
48 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA maopopo nō i ko kākou poʻe kūpuna he mea ka ʻawa e polapola ai ke kino, he lāʻau lapaʻau ia. He mea ia e pili ai a e hoʻohanohano ai i nā akua. ʻAʻole paha ia he hana hoʻoleʻaleʻa a ʻona loa e like me ka lama. A ua maopopo iā lākou, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka pākela inu ʻawa, no ka mea, inā pākela inu
ʻia e pilikia ana nō ke kino, e like nō me ka lāʻau lapaʻau haole a me ka lama, ke pākela inu ʻia ʻo ke kino pilikia nui ka hopena.74
ʻO kekahi mea hoihoi loa, he hōʻoia nō kēia ʻatikala no kā Kaualilinoe ʻano loea i ka ʻōlelo
Hawaiʻi a me ke kaona. ʻO ke kaona, ʻo ia ka ʻike huna. Akā naʻe, ma waho o kēlā, he hana ia. He hana ia ʻo ka hoʻohūnā ʻia ʻana o kekahi manaʻo e kekahi, a na kekahi e huli aku i ka manaʻo. He mea pono ka ʻike a ka mea huli i ʻike ai i ka manaʻo nui o ke kaona.75 Akamai loa nō ʻo
Kaualilinoe i ka wili ʻana i ke kaona i loko o kāna mau ʻatikala. ʻOiai he kūʻē loa nō kēia ʻatikala i ka inu ʻawa, nui ʻino ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā huaʻōlelo pili i ka inu ʻawa. ʻO ka mea nāna ka ʻike ka mea e hoʻomaopopo mai. I ka maka mua o ka ʻatikala, ʻōlelo maila penei, “He wahi ma-na ai ka’u e waiho aku nei malalo o kou ahonui, a nau ia e hanai aku i o’u mau hoa heluhelu…” No kēlā huaʻōlelo ʻo “ma-na,” ʻo ia ka ʻawa i mama ʻia. Hoihoi loa kona hoʻohana ʻana i ia huaʻōlelo, no ka mea, he ʻatikala kūʻē i ka ʻawa, akā he huaʻōlelo ʻo “māna” pili i ka inu ʻawa.
Eia kekahi, he mau manaʻo ko “nau” ma kāna mea i kākau ai. ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo “nau,” kohu like nō kona manaʻo me “mama i ka ʻawa.” No laila, i loko nō o kona kūʻē ʻana i ka ʻawa, he māhele ʻawa nō kā Kaualilinoe i waiho aku ai i mua o ke anaina, a na ke anaina e nau hou. ʻO
“nāu” hoʻi me ke kahakō ma luna o ka “a,” he ʻōlelo ia pili iā “ʻoe.” A ʻo kēlā ʻo “ʻoe” a
74 Ua maopopo mua kēia manaʻo i ko kākou poʻe kūpuna ma mua loa o ko ka poʻe hōʻike ʻana i nā pilikia ma muli o ka pākela inu ʻawa. Ed Johnston lāua ʻo Helen Rogers, Hawaiian ʻAwa: Views of an Ethnobotanical Treasure (Hilo:Association or Hawaiian ʻAwa, 2006, 19-29. 75 Ua noiʻi ʻo McDougall i nā wehewehena no “kaona” i kākau ʻia e Mary Kawena Pukui, Samuel Elbert, Lilikalā Kameʻeleihiwa, John Charlot, Noenoe Silva, kuʻualoha hoʻomanawanui, me Noelani Arista. Brandy Nālani McDougall, Finding Meaning: Kaona and Contemporary Hawaiian Literature (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2016), 23-25.
49 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA
Kaualilinoe e kuhi nei, ʻo ia ka nūpepa. No laila, na Kaualilinoe nō i mama i māna haina a waiho ʻia i mua o ka nūpepa, a nāu [na ka nūpepa] ia e hānai aku i oʻu mau hoa heluhelu. E
ʻōlelo ana paha ʻo Kaualilinoe, na ka nūpepa nō e paʻi a hoʻolaha aku, a ma ia paʻi a hoʻolaha ʻana aku, pēlā nō e hānai ʻia ai ka poʻe heluhelu. Pēlā nō i luna aʻe nei i ʻike ʻia ai ke akamai o
Kaualilinoe i ke kaona ma loko o ia māmalaʻōlelo hoʻokahi.
Ma ka hopena o kāna ʻatikala, kāhea akula ʻo Kaualilinoe, penei, “o’u mau hoa o ke koko hookahi o ka lahui hookahi” a paipai akula i ka poʻe heluhelu e haʻalele i ka ʻawa. A laila, kākau hou akula ʻo ia, “…ua wehewehe ae la no au ma ka mea i hiki iaʻu ke kamailio, a o ke koena aku, na oukou no ia e kanana iho.” Ua wehewehe pono nō ʻo ia i ka ʻino o ka ʻawa e like nō me ka mea i hiki, a makemake nō ʻo ia e hoʻokuanoʻo pono iho ke anaina no nā mea āna i hāpai maila.
ʻO ka mea nui ma ʻaneʻi e ʻike ai, ʻo ia kona akamai i ka ʻāwili pū hou ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo ʻo
“kanana.” ʻO “kānana,” kohu like nō me “kālana” a “hoka” paha, ʻo ia nō ka hoʻokahe ʻana aku i ka ʻawa i loko o ka ʻahuʻawa a lole lilina paha e hemo ai nā hune ʻawa. A ʻo ia hou kekahi kuhi iki i ka hana inu ʻawa i loko o kāna ʻatikala kūʻē ʻawa.
He manaʻo hou aku ko “kānana.” ʻO “kānana,” he nānā iho ia. E nānā ʻo mea i kona ʻano iho. No laila, ma ʻaneʻi nō i ʻike hou ʻia ai ke akamai loa o Kaualilinoe i ke kaona a me ka ʻōlelo
Kanaka. Ma ke kākau ʻana pēlā, e kuhi ana ʻo ia i ka poʻe inu ʻawa, no ka mea, no ka poʻe inu
ʻawa nō ka ʻike no kēlā mau huaʻōlelo, a na ia poʻe nō kāna ʻatikala. He paipai nō ia e kānana iā lākou iho a hōʻole aku i ka ʻawa a i ʻole e kānana i ka ʻawa a inu. Ua ʻano kuhi akula ʻo ia i ʻelua ala e kānana ai. Eia kekahi, e like nō me ke kānana ʻana i ka ʻawa e hemo ai nā mea hune ʻawa, nā mea ʻino a me nā ʻōpala i kūpono ʻole ke inu ʻia iho, pēlā nō ka makemake o Kaualilinoe e kānana ka poʻe heluhelu iā lākou iho e hemo ai nā pilikia a me nā ʻōpala i loko o ko lākou ola.
Eia kekahi, i kuʻu wahi manaʻo, ʻaʻole paha ʻo Kaualilinoe e ʻōlelo ana, e haʻalele loa i ka
ʻawa, no ka mea, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia i luna aʻe nei, he ʻaoʻao maikaʻi ko ka ʻawa, ʻo ia kona
50 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA
ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau. E haʻalele nō paha i nā mea ʻino o ka ʻawa, ʻo ia ka ʻona, ka hana kolohe, ka moloā, a pēlā wale aku. ʻO ia nā mea ʻino a ʻōpala hoʻi e kānana ʻia, a ʻo ka maikaʻi ke koena.
ʻAʻole paha ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea a Kaualilinoe i manaʻo ai he ʻōpala ʻo ka mea waiwai loa o kēia ʻatikala. Akā ma o ka nānā ʻana i kāna ʻatikala no ka ʻino o ka ʻawa, ua ʻike ʻia kona akamai a ʻano loea hoʻi i ka ʻōlelo Kanaka me ka ʻāwili pū ʻia ʻana o ke kaona. ʻIke leʻa ʻia nō hoʻi ke akamai o Kaualilinoe ma ke kālailai, ke kūkulu manaʻo, a me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa. ʻO kēia kumuhana kāna i māna ai, i kānana ai, i hoʻomākaukau ai i kānoa piha o ka ʻike a waiho ʻia ma ke ʻano he haina i mua o ka lehulehu. Wehewehe akula ʻo ia i nā mea e pilikia ai ka noʻonoʻo kanaka, ka ihu, ka waha, a me ka hiʻohiʻona kino ma muli o ka ʻino o ka ʻawa, a kākoʻo ʻia kona mau manaʻo me nā mea mai ka moʻolelo Hawaiʻi mai, mai nā nūhou mai o ke au, a mai nā ʻano mea i hiki i ka mea heluhelu ke ʻike maka. ʻO kāna nō i hoʻomākaukau maila nā iʻa inu e naunau ai ka poʻe heluhelu, a na lākou nō e hoʻoholo he ʻono a he ʻono ʻole paha ia.
NO MANOA A ME KONA MAU HIOHIONA
ʻO ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻāina kekahi mea i ʻike nui ʻia i nā nūpepa ʻōlelo
Hawaiʻi. He hana punahele paha ia na nā mea kākau e wehewehe ai i nā wahi pana, nā mea kaulana, nā moʻolelo, nā inoa makani a me nā inoa ua, nā nūhou a me nā ʻano mea like ʻole nona kekahi ʻāina, a he hoʻonanea ia na kekahi e heluhelu i ia mau mea no nā ʻāina a puni ka pae ʻāina
ʻo Hawaiʻi. He mau haʻawina nō kēia mau ʻatikala e aʻo aku ai i ka poʻe o kēlā au a hiki loa i kēia au no nā mea nui a me nā mea iki o kekahi ʻāina, a e kū hoʻomanaʻo mau ana no kēlā mau mea i loko o ko kākou waihona noʻonoʻo. I kaʻu huli liʻiliʻi ʻana aku, ua loaʻa mai iaʻu he 52 mau ʻatikala no nā ʻāina like ʻole mai Kaʻū a i Hanalei aku. Ua pūlima ʻia e 29 mau mea kākau ʻokoʻa; ma kekahi mau ʻatikala naʻe, ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka inoa o ka mea kākau (e nānā i nā Pākuʻina I). Ua nui
ʻino nā ʻatikala i kākau ʻia ma waena o ka M.H. 1867 a i ka M.H. 1879, a ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau
51 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA
ʻatikala, aia nō i nā nūpepa ʻo Ka Lahui Hawaii, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Ke Au Okoa, Ko Hawaii Pae
Aina, a me Ko Hawaii Ponoi. Aia nō naʻe he mau ʻatikala nui hou aku i koe i ʻohiʻohi ʻole ʻia e aʻu, a ʻoiai ʻaʻole kēia māhele no ia mau ʻatikala a pau loa, na kekahi paha e hōʻiliʻili hou aku i nā mea a pau, a wehewehe hou mai iā kākou.
ʻO kēia māhele, pili nō i hoʻokahi o ia mau ʻatikala, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo “No Manoa a me kona mau hiohiona.”76 I ka M.H. 1872, ma ka lā 16 o Nowemapa i kākau ai ʻo Kaualilinoe i kēia
ʻatikala, a paʻi ʻia i ke alo o Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, he māhele nui a hanohano hoʻi ia i ka nūpepa.
Hoʻomaka maila ʻo ia i ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano o Mānoa, “…ua hoopulu mau ia oia [ʻo
Mānoa] e ka noe a me ka ohu, a he uliuli lipolipo hoi i na laau, mai kona piko honua a i kona mau kuemaka pali…” Akā, hoihoi kā Kaualilinoe kākau ʻana, “oia ka helu elua o ke awawa a ka olu i noho ai…” ʻAʻole nō ʻo ia i kuhi akula i ka helu ʻekahi. A laila, hōʻike akula ʻo ia i ka inoa ua kaulana o Mānoa ʻo ka ua Kuahine, a me ka inoa makani kūlaʻi kauhale ʻo Kakea.77
Moʻolelo iki akula ʻo ia no Kaʻahumanu, no ka mea, he ʻāina punahele ʻo Mānoa. Ua luana a nanea mau ʻo ia ma laila. Hōʻike ʻia akula nā inoa ʻāina i luana ai ʻo Kaʻahumanu e laʻa me Kahoʻiwai a me Waiakeakua. ʻAʻohe mea no Kahoʻiwai o loko o ka puke ʻo Place Names of
Hawaiʻi. I ka puke ʻo Sites of Oahu, he ʻāina ʻo Kahoʻiwai i uka o Mānoa. I laila i kūmākena ai ʻo
Kahalaopuna, ʻo ia kekahi moʻolelo kaulana no Mānoa.78 ʻAʻole naʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia kahi kikoʻī. I
76 Ua unuhi ʻia kēia ʻatikala, a aia nō ka unuhina ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Kamehameha, HEN Puke 1, ʻaoʻao 3106-3107. ʻAʻole naʻe i hōʻike ʻia ka mea nāna ka unuhi, akā hiki nō ke kuhi ʻia ʻo Mary Kawena Pukui paha ia, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ia i loko o ka ʻohina a Thrum. J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “No Manoa a me kona mau hiohiona,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Nowemapa 16, 1872, 1. 77 Lohe mau ʻia ʻo Tuahine. ʻO Kākea paha ke ʻano o ka pela mau o kēia au. 78 I heluhelu aku ai i kēia moʻolelo no Kahalaopuna, e kiʻi aku i ka puke ʻo Mookaao Hawaii no Kahalaopuna o ke Awawa o ke Anuenue i paʻi ʻia i ka M.H. 1904 i kākau ʻia e W. H. Kapu. ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia ka mea kākau ma ka ʻōlelo Kanaka. ʻO Kahalaopuna: A Legend of Manoa Valley (1883) a me Kahalaopuna, Princess of Manoa (1907) nā mana like a Emma Nakuina i kākau ai ma ka ʻōlelo haole. Maikaʻi loa kēlā mau mana ʻelua. Elspeth P. Sterling and Catherine C. Summers, Sites of Oahu (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1978), 289.
52 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA ka palapalaʻāina o Mānoa i kaha kiʻi ʻia e E.D. Baldwin i ka M.H. 1882,79 aia ʻo Kahoʻiwai ma kahi o ke kualapa ma naʻe o Mānoa, ma kahi o Kolowalu uka, ma kahi hoʻi o Puʻu Pia (E nānā i ke Kiʻi I.I).
He kahawai ʻo Waiakeakua i Mānoa, wahi a Pukui mā.80 I ka palapalaʻāina a Baldwin, aia nō i uka loa ma naʻe i Mānoa.81 I ka puke ʻo Sites of Oahu, na Kāne i ʻeli i kēia kiʻo wai i loaʻa ka wai nāna me Kanaloa. ʻO ia hoʻi kahi e noho ai ʻo Kamehaʻikana, he moʻo akua ia. (Ua moʻolelo maila ʻo Kaualilinoe e pili ana iā Kamehaʻikana. E nānā i ka Mokuna III.) He kiʻo wai ʻo
Waiakeakua e kahe ana kekahi wailele nona ka inoa like i uka loa o Mānoa, kahi e ʻauʻau nui ai nā aliʻi a me nā kānaka.82 ʻOiai ua hana ʻia a noho ʻia e nā akua, a he wahi laʻa ia e kiʻi ʻia ai ka wai e inu ʻia e nā aliʻi, ʻo ia paha ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ʻo Waiakeakua.83
ʻO ka mea hoihoi a waiwai loa hoʻi o kēia ʻatikala, ʻo ia nō kā Kaualilinoe moʻolelo ʻana mai no ka moʻolelo o ka ʻōlelo noʻeau kaulana loa ʻo “E hoi ka ui o Manoa ua ahiahi.” Ua hele a laha loa nō ia ʻōlelo noʻeau i mua o ko Mānoa. He ʻōlelo kaena nō ia no ko Mānoa mai ka wā kahiko mai. ʻO ka poʻe hele i ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa, puni loa nō lākou i ia ʻōlelo. ʻO ia
“uʻi” ma ia ʻōlelo, ʻo ia nō ka poʻe noho ma Mānoa, ka poʻe hele kula ma Mānoa, a me ka poʻe hana i Mānoa. ʻO wau nō hoʻi kekahi o ia poʻe uʻi. He nani loa nō ia ʻōlelo kaena, akā nō naʻe,
79 E. D. Baldwin, Manoa Valley (Manoa: W. D. Alexander Surveyor, 1882). 80 Mary Kawena Pukui, Esther T. Mookini, a me Samuel H. Elbert, Place Names of Hawaii (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1976), 20. 81 Baldwin, “Manoa Valley.” 82 He hoʻāhu ʻike ʻo Sites of Oahu. No laila, mai nā kumu like ʻole mai. Mai ka moʻolelo ʻo Puahuula mai na Mary Kawena Pukui ka moʻolelo no Kamehaʻikana. Mai J. F. Stokes ma o Mrs. Marie H. Brown mai ka ʻike no Waiakeakua he kiʻo wai ʻauʻau ia. Na Westervelt hoʻi i palapala i ka puke ʻo Legends of Honolulu i ka moʻolelo no Kāne lāua ʻo Kanaloa. Sterling and Summers, Sites of Oahu, 288-289. 83 ʻŌlelo ʻia, he akua nā aliʻi. ʻO lākou hoʻi nā pua a nā akua, a hōʻoia ʻia kēia ma ke Kumulipo. He koʻihonua nō ia no ke aliʻi ʻo Kaʻīimamao e wehewehe mai ana i ke kumu ola o nā mea a pau loa ma ka honua nei mai ka lipo mai nō. Samuel H. Elbert, “The Chief in Hawaiian Mythology,” The Journal of American Folklore 70, helu. 277 (1957): 264–76.
53 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA maopopo maoli paha iā kākou ke kumu a me ka moʻolelo i kēia ʻōlelo i luna aʻe nei? Na
Kaualilinoe nō i wehewehe. Penei nō kāna,
Hai kahela mai la ka nalu o Kalehuawehe, huliamahi iho la na’lii a pau i ka iho i ka wai [pn] o Waikiki i ka heenalu, a ua nanea lakou a hiki i ka nui ana o ka la, ke ane aku la e ahiahi, pane ae la na alii [pn] i heenalu mua, E hoi ka ui o Manoa ua ahiahi. Aole nae no ke ahiahi maoli ke kumu o ia olelo ana, aole hoi no ka makau i ka ua, aka, no ka molowa i ka hoihoi i ka papa, oiai aia no kela poe alii ke heenalu mai la, a i lilo no hoi na ia poe alii e hoihoi ae i ka papa i ka halau waiho papa o lakou, a nolaila ia olelo ana, E hoi ka ui o Manoa ua ahiahi.
I kaʻu huli ʻana i nā nūpepa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, ʻo kā Kaualilinoe mana i luna aʻe nei ka mea mua loa i loaʻa iaʻu. Aia nō kekahi mau mana ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi mana mai ka moʻolelo no Kahalaopuna mai i paʻi ʻia i ka nūpepa ʻo Ka Leo o ka Lahui i ka M.H. 1889-1890. ʻAʻole loaʻa iaʻu ka mea kākau. I loko o ke poʻo manaʻo ma kēia moʻolelo, ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Kahalaopuna “Ka Mea i oleloia: E hoi ka ui o Manoa ua ahiahi.” I ia mana, ʻo Kahalaopuna ka uʻi, a iho mau ʻo ia i kai ma Kalehuawehe e heʻe nalu ai a e launa ai me nā kānaka. ʻO ia nō kāna hana i nā lā a pau a i ke ahiahi. A laila, hoʻi akula ʻo ia i uka o Mānoa, “a oia ka mea i olelo ia e ka poe kahiko—‘E hoi ka ui o Manoa ua ahiahi.’”84
Ua kākau maila ʻo Emma Nakuina i kekahi mana i kēia ʻōlelo. Mea mai ʻo ia, e noho ana
ʻo Kumuhaunani i Mānoa. ʻO Kauʻiomānoa kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe ona. Ua makemake ʻo ia e iho i kai e heʻe nalu i Waikīkī. ʻAe maila kona tūtū, akā e hoʻi mai ʻo ia i ka wā kūpono i kuhikuhi ʻia. Iho
ʻo ia i kai, a nanea i ka heʻe nalu. Hiki maila ka wā kūpono, a uō akula kona poʻe ʻōhua, penei, “E hoi, e ka Ui o Manoa, ua ahi-ahi.”85
84 “He Moolelo Kaao Hawaii no Kahalaopuna,” Ka Leo o ka Lahui, Kepakemapa 3, 1889. 85 Emma M. Nakuina, “The Springs of Wailele,” ma Where Fact & Fancy Meet, Puke IV (Honolulu: The Mid-Pacific Student, 1907), 22–26.
54 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA
Kiʻi I.I: Palapalaʻāina o ke Awāwa ʻo Mānoa na Baldwin, 1882
55 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA
ʻO ka mea e launa like ai kēia mau mana a pau, ʻo ia hoʻi ka heʻe nalu ʻana ma Waikīkī.
Ma ʻelua mana, ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo Kalehuawehe, he wahi kaulana ia i ka heʻe nalu i Waikīkī. I loko nō o ka like ʻole, he kāhea nō kēia i ka poʻe Mānoa, e hoʻi hou mai. ʻO ia paha ke kumu i lilo ai kēia
ʻōlelo i ʻōlelo kaena punahele i ko Mānoa. ʻO Mānoa nō kekahi ʻāina i kipa mau ʻia e nā kānaka like ʻole mai nā ʻāina like ʻole a puni ka honua. ʻO kekahi kumu nui no kēlā kipa ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻonaʻauao ʻia ʻana i ke kula nui a me ka hana ʻana i laila. No kekahi manawa e hoʻonaʻauao ana a e hana ana i laila, lilo ʻo Mānoa i home na ka haumāna a me ka limahana. Ua hānai ʻia maila e ka ua Tuahine, a ua hōʻolu ʻia e ka makani Kākea. Ua piʻi ʻia nā kualapa o Waʻahila. Ua ʻauʻau ʻia ke kiʻo wai ʻo Waiakeakua. Ua huli ka lima i lalo o ka lepo i nā loʻi ʻo Kānewai. Ua mālama pono
ʻia e nā uʻi a pau loa o Mānoa e hana nei ma laila. Inā haʻalele ka haumāna a limahana paha, mau nō ko Mānoa kūlana home me ka pilina ʻāina. ʻO ka hoʻi hou mai nō ka mea i koe.
ʻAʻole nō ʻo Kaualilinoe ʻo ka mea mua i kākau akula i kēia ʻōlelo i loko o nā nūpepa, akā
ʻo ia nō ka mea mua nāna i haʻi i ka moʻolelo. No kēlā kumu, nona nō ko kākou mahalo nui, no ka mea, nui ʻino ko kākou, ka poʻe o Mānoa, kaena ʻana aʻe i kēia wahi ʻōlelo noʻeau. ʻEʻole ʻo ia, paʻa ke kumu nui o kēia ʻōlelo iā kākou.
Eia kekahi, he ʻano hōʻoia nō kēia moʻolelo āna i hāpai maila a me kēia mau ʻatikala a pau loa no Mānoa i ko Kaualilinoe aloha ʻāina. No kona ʻike maopopo loa i nā mea kahiko, nā mea hou, nā hiʻohiʻona ʻāina, ka inoa ua, ka inoa makani, nā wahi pana, nā moʻolelo a pēlā wale aku, a no kona ʻiʻini e mālama i kēia mau ʻike ma o ke paʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana aku ma nā nūpepa no kākou a pau, he hōʻailona nō ia no kona aloha i kona ʻāina ʻo Mānoa. No ka mea,
ʻaʻole wale nō ka mālama ʻāina ʻo ka mea e ʻike ʻia ai ke aloha ʻāina, ʻo ka paʻa moʻolelo nō kekahi.
56 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA
HE NANE
Ma kahi o nā makahiki hope loa a Kaualilinoe e kākau ana i nā nūpepa ʻōlelo Kanaka, ua kākau ʻo ia i ʻatikala i ka nūpepa ʻo Ko Hawaii Pae Aina i ka lā 18 o ʻOkakopa i ka M.H. 1879. ʻO
“He Nane” ke poʻo manaʻo, a ʻo ia nō ka lua o nā ʻatikala hope loa āna i kākau ai. Ma ia ʻatikala, kākau akula ʻo ia penei, “No ka pohihihi a me ka noho palaka loa ana o’u no ko’u inoa, nolaila, ke waiho aku nei au nau e huai puka nui ae ma ke akea, malia o haina mai e na opu noonoo a noiau hoi o ka aina, i maopopo ai ko’u inoa maoli…”86 Me he mea lā, ua kākau ʻo ia i kēia ʻōlelo i luna aʻe nei, no ka mea, ua nui paha ka nūnē ʻana o ke anaina no kēia mea kākau ʻo J. W. K.
Kaualilinoe. ʻAʻole nō i loaʻa mai iaʻu kekahi ʻatikala e pili ana i ka nūnē ʻana no kona inoa maoli, malia paha ua kamaʻilio ʻia ma ka waha. No ia nūnē nui ʻana, waiho ʻia kekahi nane i nā nūpepa na ke anaina e noʻonoʻo pono i kēia nane i ʻike mai ai i kona inoa.
Ma kēia māhele, e wehewehe pōkole mua ʻia ana ka nane a me ka hoʻopāpā. He ʻelua māhele ko kēia pepa nui nei e ʻike ʻia ana ke kālailai i ka nane a Kaualilinoe. Ma kēia māhele ana nō ka mua. I ʻaneʻi nō e wehewehe ʻia ai ke ʻano o kā Kaualilinoe nane i waiho akula. Ua nui nā mea hoihoi a me nā mea waiwai o kāna nane, a e kālailai ʻia ana nō kekahi o ia mau mea hoihoi a waiwai hoʻi. ʻAʻole ana naʻe e kālailai ʻia nā mea a pau loa o lōʻihi ʻoi loa auaneʻi kēia māhele nei. A i ka Mokuna IV ka lua o ke kālailai ʻana i kāna nane. I laila ana e ʻike ʻia ai ka wehewehe
ʻana a me ke kālailai ʻana i ka haʻina nui.87 Ma ke kālailai ʻana i kāna nane i haku ai, e ʻike ʻia ana nō ko Kaualilinoe noʻiau loa i ka haku nane, a me kona akamai i ka ʻike Hawaiʻi a me ka ʻōlelo
Kanaka.
86 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “He Nane,” Ko Hawaii Pae Aina, ʻOkakopa 18, 1879, 4. 87 Ua manaʻo wau, kūpono kēia hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke kālailai nane, no ka mea, ua pili nō ka nane i kāna kākau ʻana, a ua pili nō ka haʻina, ʻo ia hoʻi kona inoa maoli, i kona moʻolelo kanaka–ʻo ia ke kumuhana o ka Mokuna IV.
57 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA
Ma mua naʻe o ka lele ʻana i ka nane, he aha ia mea he nane? ʻO ka nane kekahi mea e hiwahiwa ai ka ʻōlelo Kanaka. ʻO ia kekahi hiʻohiʻona e Hawaiʻi ai kā kākou ʻōlelo. He ʻano ʻōlelo huna a ʻōlelo noʻeau paha ka nane.88 I loko o nā ʻōlelo nane, ʻeu nō hoʻi ke kaona. ʻAʻole nō i maopopo loa ka haʻina i ka lehulehu ākea. Na ke akamai i haku, a na ka noʻiau i haʻina mai.
Wahi a Rachel Nāhaleʻelua Mahuiki, “nane nō hoʻi ka ʻōlelo a ka Hawaiʻi…ʻo ia hoʻi hūnā ʻia ka manaʻo…”89 ʻO kona manaʻo paha, ua maʻa loa ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i ka ʻōlelo nane, no ka mea, ʻo ia nō ke ʻano o ka ʻōlelo. Inā ua makemake e hoʻopuka aku i kekahi manaʻo, akā ʻaʻole makemake e ʻōlelo wale aku, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka nane, ʻo ia hoʻi ka wili pū ʻana i ke kaona i ka
ʻōlelo, a e maopopo ana i ka mea nona ka ʻike. Eia kekahi laʻana, inā ua makemake ka makuahine e ʻōlelo i kekahi mea i ka makuakāne i mua o nā keiki, a makemake ʻole hoʻi e hoʻomaopopo ke keiki i kā lāua mea e walaʻau ana, ʻōlelo ʻia ana paha kēia mea ma ka ʻōlelo nane i ʻāwili pū ʻia me ke kaona. Na ka makua nō e huʻe mai i ka manaʻo maoli.
No ka maʻa loa o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i nā nane, ua komo nō ka ʻoi o nā ʻōlelo nane i ka hoʻopāpā. Kuhi maila ʻo Henry P. Judd, he hoʻokūkū ka hoʻopāpā (hoʻopaʻapaʻa) ma ka nane.90
He kaua ʻōlelo nō hoʻi ka hoʻopāpā. ʻO ka nane ka lāʻau pālau ma kēia ʻano kaua ʻana. I ka wā kahiko, he alo a he alo ka hoʻopāpā. Hāpai ʻia ka nane, a haʻina akula ka mea hoʻokūkū. Nane aku, haʻina mai. Nane mai, a haʻina aku. Pēia nō ke kuʻikaʻa ʻana a puka lanakila ke akamai nona
88 “Riddle, puzzle, parable, allegory; to riddle, speak in parables.” Mary Kawena Pukui lāua ʻo Samuel H. Elbert, Hawaiian Dictionary: Hawaiian-English, English-Hawaiian, Revised & Enlarged edition (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1986), 261. 89 52:00 - 52:38 ʻO Rachel Mahuiki, he kupa ʻo ia no ka ʻāina nona ka ua Loku o Hanalei. E walaʻau pū ana ʻo ia me Elizabeth Kawaʻa ma ka papahana hoʻolele leo ʻo Rachel Nahaleelua Mahuiki, nīnauele ʻia e Larry Kauanoe Kimura, “Ka Leo Hawaiʻi 077,” Ka Leo Hawaiʻi (Honolulu: KCCN, Nowemapa 10, 1974), Kaniʻāina, ulukau.org Ka Waihona Leo o Ka Haka ʻUla o Keʻelikōlani, Koleke ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi, Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Hilo. 90 ʻOkoʻa ka hoʻopāpā [hoʻopaʻapaʻa], a ʻokoʻa ka nane. Akā, he mea nui ka nane i loko o ka hoʻopāpā. Wahi a Judd, “…olelo nane (riddles) [were] often used in the hoopaapaa (contest of words).” Henry P. Judd, Hawaiian Proverbs and Riddles, Bulletin 77 (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1930), 3.
58 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA ka ʻike ʻoi loa ma ka ʻōlelo Kanaka, ka moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, ke kaona, a me nā ʻano mea like ʻole.
Wehewehe ka hulikanaka ʻo Martha W. Beckwith, he hana hanohano loa nō hoʻi ka hoʻopāpā a nā aliʻi Hawaiʻi. Ua kohu like nō kēia ʻano kaua ʻōlelo me nā ʻano hoʻokūkū kino konāhao like ʻole
ʻo ka pana pua ʻoe, ʻo ka mokomoko ʻoe, ʻo ka hākōkō ʻoe, ʻo ka maʻakū ʻoe, ʻo ka ʻōʻō ihe ʻoe a ia
ʻano mea hou aku.91 I kekahi manawa, he mea loiloi kā ka hoʻopāpā. Nāna nō e mālama i nā lula o ka hoʻopāpā, a nāna hoʻi e koho i ka lanakila.92
He hoʻonaʻauao, he hoʻomākaukau, he hana noiʻi, a he hōʻike e pili ana i nā ʻano mea like
ʻole o ke ao nā mea e pono ai ka lele ʻana i ka hoʻopāpā.93 No ka mea, he hilahila a make paha ka hopena o ka mea lanakila ʻole.94 Kuhi ʻo John Charlot, he polopeka hoʻomana, he kiʻina aʻo hoʻi ka hoʻopāpā ma ka nane. I ke aʻo ʻana aku i kekahi haumāna, keiki a makua paha, he hōʻoia nō hoʻi ka hoʻopāpā e ʻike ʻia ai kona ʻike a me ke akamai noʻiau, ʻoiai paha he mau mea i helu ʻia (ʻo
91 “In some Hawaiian stories of the ancient past, the contest of wit is represented as one of the accomplishments of chiefs, taking its place with games of skill like arrow-throwing or checkers, with tests of strength like boxing or wresting, and with the arts of war such as sling-stone and spear-throwing as a means of rivalry. It is played as a betting contest, upon the results of which contestants even stake their lives.” Martha W. Beckwith, “Hawaiian Riddling,” ma American Anthropologist, 24 3 (American Anthropological Association and Wiley, 1922), 311. 92 “Accordingly the encounter follows an etiquette and rules that are understood, traditional (with local variations), or negotiated. There must also be definite and fair methods of deciding points and finally winners. The decision makers can be the contestants themselves, which is appropriate when the riddle is known…In more complicated cases—for instance, if the solution is not set but requires creativity—the proposed solution has to be judged as appropriate. This can be done by the contestants themselves, the audience, a referee, or combinations of these persons.” Pōkole wale nō kaʻu wehewehe ʻana e pili ana i nā nane. Maikaʻi loa kā Charlot wehewehe ʻana a me ke kālailai ʻana e pili ana i nā nane ma kāna puke na John Charlot, Classical Hawaiian Education: Generations of Hawaiian Culture i nā ʻaoʻao 296-335. John Charlot, Classical Hawaiian Education: Generations of Hawaiian Culture (Lāʻie: The Pacific Institute, Brigham Young University-Hawaiʻi, 2005), 297. 93 Participation in the formal contest of wits clearly required education, training, research, and testing, descriptions of which form an important part of the related traditions. Charlot, Classical Hawaiian Education, 317. 94 “The importance of the thorough mastery of his art to the expert in hoopaapaa is shown by the high stakes for which the game is played, which proceed to such extravagant lengths that not only a whole landed possession but even life itself is made to depend upon the outcome. The loser is regularly ‘cooked in the oven [imu]…’ in order the [pn: to] more easily to remove the flesh from the bones, which are then set up in token of victory.” Beckwith, “Hawaiian Riddling”, 320-321, 329: kakaha 34.
59 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA nā ʻano iʻa a me nā inoa o nā wā ʻula paha), he inoa kanaka, he meʻe, he inoa ʻāina, he moʻolelo, a he oli a mele paha nā haʻina o ka nane.95
I ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻōlelo Kanaka ma ka pepa ma o ka peni, ua hoʻomau ʻia ka loina hoʻopāpā ma ka nane i loko o nā ʻaoʻao lahilahi o nā nūpepa. Ua lilo nō ke kino nūpepa ʻo ia ke kahua kaua huaʻōlelo, a ʻo ka peni nō hoʻi ka lāʻau pālau. Ma kā Kaualilinoe ʻatikala, ʻo ia nō kekahi mea hoʻopāpā ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, nāna nō i haku i ka nane. A ma kekahi ʻaoʻao aʻe, ʻo kekahi mea hoʻopāpā ʻē aʻe ke anaina, na lākou nō e ʻaʻa ana iā ia ma ka hōʻike ʻana i kā lākou
ʻike. ʻO ka hiki i nā ʻano kānaka like ʻole ke komo i ka hoʻopāpā paha kekahi mea maikaʻi loa o ke kahua hoʻopāpā ma nā nūpepa. ʻO ka maʻamau ē, ʻelua wale nō kānaka ma ka hoʻopāpā. Akā, ma nā nūpepa, hoʻopāpā ka ʻāuna kānaka me Kaualilinoe, a hoʻopāpā ana nō hoʻi lākou kekahi me kekahi. ʻO ka loi nā luna nūpepa. Na lākou nō ka haʻina i hāʻawi ʻia e Kaualilinoe. Na lākou nō e hōʻoia i ka lawa kūpono me ka ʻole paha o ka ʻike o ka mea hoʻokūkū. ʻO kekahi mea maikaʻi
ʻē aʻe no nā hoʻopāpā ma nā nūpepa, ʻaʻohe hilahila a make paha ke hewa ka haʻina e like me ka wā kahiko. Ua hiki nō hoʻi ke komo me ka hopohopo ʻole, a peʻe ma lalo o kekahi inoa kapakapa.
No ka leʻaleʻa maoli nō paha nā hoʻopāpā nane ma nā nūpepa, a ma o ia ʻano hana leʻaleʻa ma ka nūpepa i mālama ʻia ai kekahi ʻike nui a waiwai hoʻi. ʻO ka hanohano i hoʻolaha ʻia i mua o ka lehulehu ākea ka makana no ka lanakila. Hōʻoia ʻia nō hoʻi ka ʻike ma ka ʻike maka ʻana i nā nūpepa i ka inoa o ka mea lanakila nāna i hōʻike i ka haʻina pololei. ʻO kekahi makana hou aʻe, ʻo
95 “Such education was not of course confined to professionals of the contest of wits. Riddles themselves are excellent teaching and testing tools. For instance, many riddles could have been used for testing that are based on processes and are thus related to prose instructions and certain types of lists and chants. A riddle on the stages of a lobster (Judd 1930: riddle 107) can be related to the different names given to fish as they grow. A riddle on the stages of human life can be related to the clichés about old age, mentioned elsewhere; the theme can be developed into a magnificent riddle chant to be performed with gestures.” Charlot, Classical Hawaiian Education, 319.
60 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA ia hoʻi ka ʻike maopopo ʻana i ka inoa maoli o ka mea kākau pāhaʻohaʻo loa ʻo J. W. K.
Kaualilinoe.
ʻO kekahi mea maikaʻi loa o ka nane ma nā nūpepa, ua hiki nō i ka mea kākau ke haku hou i kekahi ʻano nane kūpono loa no ke kākau ʻana, no ka mea, ʻokoʻa ke kākau, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka walaʻau. No kā Kaualilinoe naʻe, ua ʻano ʻokoʻa ia. ʻAʻole paha like me nā nane maʻamau ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka nane. ʻAʻole nō wau i ʻike i kēia ʻano nane ma mua. ʻO ka huli naʻe ka mea i koe.
No kāna nane, ʻeiwa ona māhele liʻiliʻi, a he nane kēlā me kēia māhele. No laila, hoʻokahi nane nui, a ʻeiwa nane o loko. A hoʻokahi haʻina nui, a ʻeiwa haʻina o loko. No kēlā me kēia
māhele liʻiliʻi, hōʻike ʻia kekahi nane.
Ua pili nō nā hua palapala pākahi o
ka haʻina nona kēlā me kēia nane
liʻiliʻi i kekahi helu nona nā hua
palapala o ka haʻina nui. Me he mea
lā, ʻo ka haʻina nui hoʻi ka inoa maoli
o J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, akā e ʻike ana
kākou i kekahi manaʻo ʻokoʻa. E nānā
i ke Kiʻi II.I no ke kiʻi o ka nane i huki
ʻia. No ka heluhelu ʻāpuʻepuʻe ʻana, ua
kikokiko hou ʻia a hoʻonohonoho hou
ʻia ka nane, a ua helu ʻia nā nane liʻiliʻi
pākahi i ka Pakuhi II.I i maʻalahi ka
heluhelu ʻana.
E kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu ē, e
Kiʻi II.I: He Nane na J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, Ko Hawaii Pae ʻaʻa nō ʻoe i ka hoʻopāpā a Aina, 10.18.1879.
61 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA
Kaualilinoe. E heluhelu mai i kāna nane, a e hoʻāʻo e ʻike ʻia kou akamai. E hoʻopāpā ʻoe me
Kaualilinoe. Ua hoʻāʻo pū nō hoʻi mākou ʻehā, ʻo wau, ʻelua hoa, me kekahi polopeka ʻōlelo
Hawaiʻi, a ua hiki ʻole iā mākou ke haʻina pū aku. He hōʻailona nō kēia no ka lawa ʻole o ko mākou ʻike, a he nui hou aku nā mea e aʻo mai ai. I ʻike ʻia nā haʻina liʻiliʻi, ua ʻimi akula wau a loaʻa iaʻu ka haʻina nui. A ma ke kālailai ʻana i ka haʻina nui i ʻike ʻia ai nā haʻina liʻiliʻi.
Pakuhi II.I: HE NANE NO KA INOA MAOLI NO KAUALILINOE # Māhele o ka Nane hua 1 me 2, e pau ana au i ka ai ia e na lahuikanaka a pau; 1
hua 1, 2, 3 me 4, he inoa au no kekahi kanaka kaulana, a aia au i ka maile o Koiahi; 2
hua 5, 6, me 7, he mea au i makemake nui ia, a he kauwa hoi na na lahui a pau; 3
hua 7 me 8, he inoa au no kekahi kanaka koikoi o Hawaii nei; 4
hua 3, 8, 9 me 10, he holoholona au i makemake nui ia mai o loa mai; 5
hua 9, 10, me 11, aia au i na nalu kai o ke Ka’ulua, a he olelo nui ia au e Hawaii, 6
hua 12, 13, 14 me 15, ke ake mai nei na lahuikanaka a pau e loaa aku au ia lakou; 7
hua 1, 2, 5, 15, 14 me 4, e ike ia no au he kahunapule, a aia au ma ka Ua Kanilehua; 8
hua 3, 10, 9, 4, me 7, e hoomaopopoia no koʻu ano he hapa au no ka aina pua, a o ko’u 9 wahi aloha loa o ka nahele laau o Panaewa.
ʻO kekahi mea i pūʻikaʻika ai ka haʻina ʻana, ua ʻokoʻa loa kēlā au, a ʻokoʻa loa kēia au.
Malia paha, ua ʻoi aku ka maopopo o ka ʻike e pono ai ka nane i nā kānaka o kēlā au ma mua o kēia au nei. No kekahi o nā haʻina liʻiliʻi, ua pili nō i ka pōʻaiapili o kēlā wā i hala loa. Ua hōʻike akula ka nūpepa ʻo Ko Hawaii Pae Aina, ʻewalu wale nō mau kānaka i pane mai i ka haʻina
62 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA pololei.96 No laila, mai nō ʻoe a noʻonoʻo iki no ka piha ʻole o kou ʻumeke i ka ʻike, he aʻo wale mai nō ka mea i koe. No nā haʻina liʻiliʻi, e nānā i ka Pakuhi III.I. No ka haʻina nui, nāu hoʻi e noʻonoʻo a laila, e huaʻi ʻia ana ma ka Mokuna IV.97
Nane: hua 1 me 2, e pau ana au i ka ai ia e na lahuikanaka a pau 1 Haʻina: ko
No ka haʻina i kēia nane, ua hiki nō paha nā ʻano haʻina like ʻole. Pehea hoʻi hā i ʻike ʻia ai
ʻo ke kō nō ia? Aia nō paha i ke au o ka manawa. I kēlā wā ma Hawaiʻi nei, he ʻoihana nui ʻoi loa ka ʻoihana mahi kō. ʻAʻole naʻe na ka haole i lawe mai i ka hana mahi kō. He kuhihewa loa nō kēlā. Ua lawe ʻia maila e ko kākou poʻe kūpuna ma ka waʻa a mahi ʻia i Hawaiʻi nei, a pēia hoʻi ka
ʻohana Moananuiākea.98 He mea nui hoʻi ke kō na ka poʻe kūpuna, no ka mea, he kino lau ke kō no Kāne, kekahi akua nui o Hawaiʻi. He ʻai a he lāʻau lapaʻau nō ia na ka Hawaiʻi. Ua hana ʻia nō hoʻi nā ihe a me nā waihoʻoluʻu me ke kumu kō. He pale paia nā lau i ka hale. Pāʻani ka poʻe keiki me ke kī lepalepa ma ke ʻano he kao. Ua kūkulu ʻia me ke kō he pale makani, a he mea ia e paepae ai nā moʻo o ka loʻi, ke hālana ka wai.99 Na ko kākou poʻe kūpuna nō i mahi i ke kō a lawa no ka ʻohana a me ke kaiāulu, a hoʻohana ʻia no nā ʻano mea like ʻole. He waiwai nō ke kō iā lākou. No laila, mai ka wā kahiko mai nō ka ʻono a nā kūpuna i ke kō.
96 “Poo Inoa Ole,” Ko Hawaii Pae Aina, ʻOkakopa 25, 1879, 3. 97 E kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua lawa ʻole nō koʻu ʻike no ka pane ʻana mai i kēia poʻe nane, no laila, ʻo kaʻu i hana ai, ʻo ia ka huli ʻana aku i nā nūpepa a loaʻa maila ka haʻina nui a laila, ma ia haʻina nui i ʻike ʻia ai nā haʻina liʻiliʻi. 98 Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, Kō: An Ethnobotanical Guide to Hawaiian Sugarcane Cultivars (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2020). 99 Beatrice H. Krauss, Plants in Hawaiian Culture (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1993), 187; E. S. Craighill Handy, Elizabeth Green Handy, and Mary Kawena Pukui, Native Planters in Old Hawaii: Their Life, Lore, & Environment (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1972), 79, 187; C. Allan Jones and Robert V. Osgood, From King Cane to the Last Sugar Mill: Agricultural Technology and the Making of Hawaiʻi’s Premier Crop (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2015), 1; Isabella Aiona Abbott, Lāʻau Hawaiʻi: Traditional Hawaiian Uses of Plants (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1992), 15, 69, 129.
63 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA
Uluāhewa aʻela ka ʻoihana mahi kō no ka loaʻa ʻana mai o ke kālā i ka hiki ʻana mai o ka poʻe haole ma Hawaiʻi nei. No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka lama, mahi mua ʻia ke kō e ka poʻe haole ma Hawaiʻi i loaʻa mai ke kōpaʻa a me ka malakeke. A laila, aia ma Kōloa, Kauaʻi ka mahi kō nui mua i ka M.H. 1835. Ma ia manawa nō i nui aʻe ai ka ʻoihana mahi kō. Hoʻouna ʻia akula ke kō o Hawaiʻi a puni ka honua. No ka nui o ke kō e mahi ʻia ana a e hoʻouna ʻia ana i waho, lawe ʻia maila nā lāhui kānaka like ʻole no waho mai e mahi i nā ʻāina mahi kō, ʻo ka Pākē ʻoe, ʻo ke Kepanī ʻoe, ʻo ka Pilipino ʻoe, ʻo ka Pukikī ʻoe, a me kekahi lāhui kānaka hou aʻe. I ka M.H.
1876, ʻāpono ʻia ke Kuʻikahi Pānaʻi Like (Reciprocity) e ke Aupuni Hawaiʻi me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma muli o ka makemake nui o ka poʻe ʻoihana mahi kō. Ma o ia kuʻikahi, ʻaʻole i uku ʻia ka ʻauhau ke hoʻouna ʻia ke kō i ʻAmelika. No laila, ua lilo nō ke kō i mea waiwai loa no nā mea ʻoihana mahi kō.
10 anana a ʻoi iki aʻe
Kiʻi III.I: Hōkūleʻa, Polynesian Voyaging Society, Mea Paʻi Kiʻi: Bryson Hoe, ‘Ōiwi TV, 2015. I ia makahiki i ʻāpono ʻia ai ke kuʻikahi, ua hoʻouna ʻia akula he 13,000 mau tona i waho, a i ka M.H. 1897—ma kahi hoʻi o 20 mau makahiki ma hope mai, piʻi nui aʻela ka nui o ka mea
64 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA hoʻouna ʻia a he 260,000 mau tona.100 E kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu, he nui ʻino maoli nō ia ʻano kō.
E noʻonoʻo mai ʻoe, ʻo ka waʻa kaulua nui a kaulana loa ʻo Hōkūleʻa, ma luna ona kekahi mau kānaka i holo ma ka lei kaʻapuni honua ma o ke kilo pono ʻana aku i ka lani, nā hōkū, nā ao a me ia mau mea hou aku e like me ke akamai o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna. He waʻa nui a ikaika hoʻi ʻo
Hōkūleʻa e holo pono ai i loko o nā kai mālie a me nā kai kūpikiʻō, a hoʻi palekana mai i Hawaiʻi nei. He 10 mau tona nō ia waʻa ʻo Hōkūleʻa me ka ukana no ka holo moana ʻana.101 No laila, he
26,000 mau waʻa ʻo Hōkūleʻa a ʻoi iki aʻe ka nui o ke kō e hoʻouna ʻia aku ana i waho mai Hawaiʻi mai, a hoʻolilo hou mai ke kālā i loko o nā lima o nā mea ʻoihana.
I ka wā e kākau ana ʻo Kaualilinoe i kēia ʻatikala, ua ʻike maka nō ka poʻe Hawaiʻi i ka nui
ʻana aʻe o ka ʻoihana mahi kō. Aia nō kekahi mau mahi kō ma nā mokupuni ʻo Hawaiʻi, Maui,
Oʻahu, Kauaʻi, me Molokaʻi. Ua maʻa paha nā maka i ka ʻike ʻana aku i ia ʻoihana. Ua nānā akula paha lākou i ka ʻāina, a ʻike akula lākou i ka lilo ʻana o ka ʻāina i ka mahi kō. ʻIke akula nō hoʻi lākou i ka nui o nā kānaka like ʻole e neʻe mai ana i Hawaiʻi nei. Ua nui ʻino nā loli o ke au ma muli o ka ʻiʻini o nā lāhui kānaka a pau loa i ke kō a puni ka honua. No laila, ua hua mai nō paha kēia nane a me ka haʻina ma muli o ke au o ka manawa. Ua maʻalahi nō paha ka haʻina na ka poʻe kūpuna, ʻoiai he mea ʻike nui ʻia ke kō e lākou. Mai ka nohona mai nō ka ʻike e pono ai ka haʻina o kēia nane.
Nane: hua 1, 2, 3 me 4, he inoa au no kekahi kanaka kaulana, a aia au i ka maile o Koiahi 2 Haʻina: Koha
Eia hou mai kekahi nane e ʻike ʻole ʻia ana e kākou o kēia au e holo nei no ka nele i ka ʻike
ʻole o kākou. Ua pili loa nō hoʻi ka haʻina i ke au o kēlā manawa. Wahi a ka nane, he kanaka
100 Jones and Osgood, From King Cane to the Last Sugar Mill, 16, 37, 25, 57. 101 Kaʻiulani Murphy, Walaʻau pū e pili ana iā Hōkūleʻa, He kūkaʻi ʻōlelo me ka mea kākau, Iune 2020.
65 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA kaulana loa nō kēia i ka maile o Koʻiahi, a ʻo Koha ka haʻina.102 ʻO wai lā hoʻi ua Koha nei? ʻO kēia kaʻu kuhi ma lalo iho nei.
Ua maopopo leʻa, noho ʻo Koha i ka moku o Waiʻanae, no ka mea, wahi a ka nane, “aia au i ka maile o Koiahi.” He ʻāpana ʻāina nō ʻo Koʻiahi i Mākua, Waiʻanae.103 Ua kaulana ʻo
Koʻiahi i ka maile lau liʻi. I ka wā ma mua, ua nui ʻino ka maile o laila. He ʻōlelo kaena ko ka poʻe o Waiʻanae, Oʻahu, ʻo ia hoʻi “(ka) Maile lau liʻi o Koʻiahi.”104 Ua pau naʻe kēia maile kaulana i ke kīhamu ʻia e nā kao.105
Huli akula wau i nā nūpepa no ua Koha nei e noho ana i Waiʻanae ma kahi o ka manawa a kēia nane i paʻi ʻia ai. I kuʻu kuhi, ʻo George Moses Koha nō kēia kanaka kaulana i ka maile o
Koʻiahi. ʻO “G. M. Koha” ka mea maʻamau i ʻike ʻia i nā nūpepa. Eia nō kekahi moʻolelo pōkole no G. M. Koha.
Ua hānau ʻia nō ʻo ia i Waialua, Oʻahu i ka lā 13 o Iune, M.H. 1835. He haumāna ʻo ia i ke kula nui ʻo Lahainaluna ma Maui. I kona wā makua, noho iki ʻo ia i Mokuʻaikaua, Honolulu,
102 ʻO Kohā a Kōhā paha ia. Hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia a i nīele aku i kekahi mamo āna e noho nei i kēia mau lā. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe oʻu makemake e kāpili wale aku i ke ʻano pela ʻana o kēia au i kona inoa, waiho ʻia ana nō me ka ʻole o ke kahakō. 103 Sterling and Summers, Sites of Oahu, 84; Pukui, Mookini, a me Elbert, Place Names of Hawaii, 115. 104 ʻŌlelo Noʻeau # 1435 & ʻŌlelo Noʻeau # 2075. Mary Kawena Pukui, ʻŌlelo Noʻeau: Hawaiian Proverbs & Poetical Sayings. (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1983). 105 He hoʻomanaʻo paha kēia ʻōlelo kaena na kākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, e mālama kākou i ka ʻāina. Na ke kanaka i lawe mai i nā kao a na ke kao i hoʻopau akula i ka mea e kaulana ai ia ʻāina ʻo ka maile ia. No laila, he kuleana nui ko ke kanaka e hoʻihoʻi i ka maile ma o ka mālama ʻāina.
66 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA
Oʻahu.106 Ua male ʻo ia iā Luila Pāʻele (ʻo Hulia Kauikapono paha kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe ona.)107
ʻElua a lāua keiki, hoʻokahi keiki kāne, a hoʻokahi kaikamahine.108
Neʻe akula lākou i Keawaʻula, Waiʻanae. I laila nō hoʻi ʻo Koha i hoʻokahua ai i kula hou loa i kapa ʻia ʻo Ke Kula Adimeka ma Pōkaʻī, Waiʻanae. Ua “ao ia ma na ike i loaa ia ia, a me na mea i ao ole ia e ia ma na hale ao. Oia hoi ka Baibala, na mea Helu, olelo Latina, Pake, a pela aku.”109 Nāna nō hoʻi i alakaʻi pono i kāna poʻe haumāna “me ka Hae Hawaii, me ka hae i kaha maiau ia, ‘e hele e na keiki lei maile laulii o Koiahi imua.’”110 Ua kaulana loa nō hoʻi kēia kula a puni ka pae ʻāina i nā haumāna akamai loa.111 No ʻelua makahiki i ka M.H. 1864 me ka M.H.
1865, noho ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kahu kula no ke kula wae o Waialua.112
Ua kaulana ʻo G. M. Koha ma ke ʻano he mea kākau nūpepa. Ua haku ʻo ia i kekahi mau nane. Ua ʻano nui kona kākau ʻana i nā nūpepa ʻōlelo Kanaka no ke kālailai Baibala. I kēlā wā, he mea laha loa kona “ninau hamare no ka Halelana o Noa.”113 ʻO kekahi hana i kaulana loa ai
ʻo ia, ʻo ia nō hoʻi kona hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui ʻana me nā ʻano kānaka like ʻole e pili ana i nā ʻaoʻao hoʻomana a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻo ia me nā hoa paio i nā nūpepa a he
106 Kaulana ʻo Kona ʻĀkau, Hawaiʻi i ka hale pule ʻo Mokuʻaikaua i uka iki o ka hale aliʻi ʻo Huliheʻe. Akā, he Mokuʻaikaua ko Honolulu. ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu kahi o kēia ʻāina. ʻAʻole nō ia i loko o ka puke ʻo Place Names of Hawaii a me ka puke ʻo Sites of Oahu. Aia paha ma nā palapalaʻāina. ʻO ka huli naʻe ka mea i koe. 107 “Mare,” Ka Hae Hawaii, Ianuali 21, 1857, 187. 108 Ua paʻi ʻia kēia moʻolelo no G. M. Koha i ke alo o ke kino nūpepa. He hōʻailona nō hoʻi kēia no ke kaulana loa o ua Koha nei. James B. Kaula, “He Moolelo no G. M. Koha, ka mea kaulana iwaena o na nupepa mai Hawaii a Niihau. He Make i Walohia,” Ke Au Okoa, Mei 4, 1871, 1. 109 Kaula, “He Moolelo no G. M. Koha,” 1. 110 L. Kamai mā, “Hoike Kula o Ewa a me Waianae,” Ke Au Okoa, ʻApelila 21, 1870, 3. I ʻike ʻoe, e kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu, ma kahi o “et al” e hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o “mā,” e like me kaʻu i hoʻohana ai ma kēia kuhia o lalo nei. 111 Na Haumana o ka Hui Akimeda, “Ka Hiamoe ana o ka mea Kaulana G. M. Koha,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Mei 20, 1871, 3. 112 Kaula, “He Moolelo no G. M. Koha,” 1. 113 Curtis P. Iaukea, “Haleiwa Hotele Ka Ui Mahiehie ma Waialua Dilinahama Ka Lokomaikai Iaukea Ka Puuwai Hamama,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ʻAukake 11, 1899, 1.
67 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA alo a he alo. Ua lanakila ʻo ia i kekahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa he alo a he alo e pili ana i nā ʻaoʻao hoʻomana.
ʻO kona hoa paio ʻo F. Pōmaikaʻi, a i kekahi manawa aʻe, ʻo S. P. Halekula kona hoa paio.114
I kekahi manawa, ua hoʻouna akula ʻo ia i nā nīnau like ʻole i ka nūpepa a paʻi ʻia akula i mea hoʻolalelale akula i ka poʻe heluhelu nūpepa e pane mai. ʻO kekahi mau nīnau hoihoi loa āna i hāpai maila, pili nō i nā aliʻi kahiko, penei;
Owai ke alii kahiko o Hawaii nei nana i haku na la o ka mahina hookahi? Owai ke alii nana i wanana e [pn] ka pae ana mai o na haole keokeo? Owai ke alii nana i ao aku i na kanaka aole e pepehi i na kanaka? Owai ke alii nana i lawe mai na kanaka poupou pilikua mai kahiki [pn: Kahiki] mai? Owai ke alii nana i ao aku i kanaka e hula? Owai ke alii nana i hoolou kukuna o ka la? Owai ke alii puni kaua i ka wa kahiko loa? Owai ke alii nana i ao aku i na kanaka i ke ano o na hoku a pau loa? Owai ke alii nana i haalele i kona noho alii, a haawi i na kanaka? Owai ke alii nana i ao aku i kona lahui ka aihue? Owai ke alii i haawi i na kanaka i ka aina?115
A he mau ʻano nīnau hou aku. ʻO kāna mau nīnau i nīnau aku ai kekahi mea i kaulana ai ʻo ia i mua o ka lehulehu. He hana ʻimi noiʻi nō kāna nīele ʻana e like me kēia i luna aʻe nei i ke anaina lehulehu. Komo nui akula nā ʻano kānaka like ʻole i ka walaʻau e pili ana i kēia mau mea i loko o nā ʻaoʻao nūpepa. Ma muli nō hoʻi o kāna mau nīnau i nīele aku ai i ka poʻe kahiko, he mau ʻike e waiho ala na kākou i nā nūpepa.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo “Ke Kaula o Keawaula.” Ua kaulana nō hoʻi ʻo ia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā mea āna i wānana ai. Wānana ʻo ia i kekahi mea, a hoʻopuka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia maila kāna ʻōlelo. ʻO kekahi wānana no ka hale o kekahi kanaka ma Mākua, Waiʻanae, penei: “ina e kukulu ia kekahi hale hou ma ke kahua o ka hale kahiko, he hapalua nae o ka hale ka i komo i ke kahua kahiko a
114 Kaula, “He Moolelo no G. M. Koha,” 1. 115 G. M. Koha, “He Mau Ninau,” Ka Hae Hawaii, ʻAukake 20, 1856, 98.
68 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA he hapalua o ia hale ka i ke kahua hou, alaila, e pau ana ua hale la i ke ahi…” ua hoʻokō ʻia nō ia wānana āna.116
Ua hala ʻo ia i ka lā 13 o ʻApelila i ka M.H. 1871. I nā makahiki he nui aʻe ma hope loa o ka wā i hala ai ʻo ia, ua kuhi mau ʻia ʻo G. M. Koha no kāna mau hana i hana ai. 117 Ua paʻi ʻia ka nane a Kaualilinoe ʻewalu mau makahiki ma hope o ko Koha hiamoe loa ʻana. Aia nō hoʻi kekahi mau kuhi nui ʻē aʻe iā Koha i nā nūpepa i ka moʻolelo no Laukaʻieʻie a me kekahi moʻolelo kaʻapuni a ka mea kaulana ʻo Curtis Iaukea.118 He hōʻailona nō kēlā no kāna hana nui a kaulana hoʻi e pono ai ka lāhui Hawaiʻi ma ke kaiāulu.
Ua lawa paha kēia moʻolelo ʻana no Koha. Lana koʻu manaʻo, ke ʻike ʻia kēia wahi pūʻolo aʻu i waiho maila no J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, e kau ana ka noʻonoʻo o haʻi e hana i kekahi mea e like me kaʻu hana no G. M. Koha. Ua nui ʻino hou aku nā mea hoihoi e pili ana iā ia. Ke heluhelu nō paha kākou i ka nane a Kaualilinoe e pili ana i kēlā kanaka kaulana i ka maile o Koʻiahi, ʻaʻohe paha o kākou ʻike. No ko kākou poʻe kūpuna, ua maopopo koke paha iā lākou. Ma muli o ko
Kaualilinoe hoʻolauna ʻana iā Koha iaʻu, ua hoʻomākaukau wau i mikiʻai i waiho i luna aʻe nei i hoʻokamaʻāina iā kākou a pau loa iā ia. Na kekahi e ʻono i kēia ʻano hana, nāna hoʻi e hānai hou aku. Ke wānana aku nei wau i kekahi wā e kaulana loa hou ai ka inoa ʻo George Moses Koha.119
116 Kaula, “He Moolelo no G. M. Koha”, 1. 117 “Ke Kaula o Keawaula,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ʻApelila 22, 1871, 2; Kaula, “He Moolelo no G. M. Koha,” 1. 118 Eia mai nei kekahi mau laʻana o nā ʻatikala e kuhi ana iā G. M. Koha i nā makahiki he nui hou aku ma hope o kona hala ʻana. ʻO kekahi, he moʻolelo kahiko, a ʻo kekahi he moʻolelo huakaʻi. Aia nō kekahi mau laʻana ʻē aʻe i nā nūpepa. Moses Manu, “He Moolelo Kaao Hawaii no Laukaieie,” Ka Oiaio, Mei 24, 1895, 1; Curtis P. Iaukea, “Haleiwa Hotele Ka Ui Mahiehie ma Waialua Dilinahama Ka Lokomaikai Iaukea Ka Puuwai Hamama,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ʻAukake 11, 1899, 3. 119 Eia kekahi mea hune hoihoi no kēia kanaka. Ua komo ʻo ia i ke koho balota no ka luna makaʻāinana. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ia i koho ʻia. No ia kumu, ma ka Hale Waihona Palapala Kahiko o ka Mokuʻāina o Hawaiʻi kahi maikaʻi e ʻimi noiʻi hou aku ai i ka ʻike e pili ana iā ia.
69 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA
Nane: hua 7 me 8, he inoa au no kekahi kanaka koikoi o Hawaii nei 4 Haʻina: Ii
ʻO Ii nō ka haʻina o kēia nane a Kaualilinoe. ʻO wai ʻo ʻĪʻī? ʻO Ioane (John) Kaneiakama
Papa ‘Ī‘ī nō ia. Ua hiki paha i kekahi o kākou ke kuhi i ka haʻina ma muli nō hoʻi o nā hana nui a kekahi mau Kānaka Hawaiʻi naʻauao loa o ko kākou au e holo nei, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Mary Kawena
Pukui lāua ʻo Marie Alohalani Brown, i ʻike nui kākou i kēia kanaka koʻikoʻi o Hawaiʻi nei. Ua unuhi maila ʻo Pukui i ka hapa nui a kā ʻĪʻī i kākau ai ma ka ʻōlelo Kanaka a i ka ʻōlelo haole. A ua hoʻoponopono ʻia a hoʻonohonoho hou ʻia i loko o kekahi puke kaulana ʻo Fragments of
Hawaiian History na Dorothy Barrère. Ua lilo ia puke i mea i heluhelu nui ʻia e nā kānaka he nui a puni ka honua e ʻimi ana i ka ʻike Hawaiʻi.120
ʻO kā Marie Alohalani Brown hana nō ka ʻoi o nā hana e pili ana i ua ʻĪʻī nei. I kāna puke, wehewehe akula ʻo ia i ka moʻolelo kanaka o John Papa ʻĪʻī. Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia i ka M.H. 1800, a he kōkua nō ʻo ia i mua o ke alo aliʻi i kona wā e kamaliʻi ana. No laila, mai laila mai nō kona ʻike hohonu a ākea hoʻi. He aliʻi nō ua ʻĪʻī nei. I kona wā makua, he loea kālai aupuni, he aʻoaʻo aliʻi, a he mea kākau nūpepa nō hoʻi. Ua nui kona kākau ʻana no nā ʻike Hawaiʻi āna i ʻike maka ai a i aʻo mai ai i kona wā kamaliʻi. Nui ʻino hou aku nā mea e koʻikoʻi ai kēia kanaka, akā ua lawa nō paha kēia walaʻau ʻana no ʻĪʻī, no ka mea, ua maikaʻi loa nō hoʻi ka hana a Brown. ʻAʻole nō kēia pepa he wehewehe hou i kāna i hana ʻē ai. No ka ʻike hou aku, e heluhelu aku i kā Brown puke no Ioane Kaneiakama Papa ‘Ī‘ī.121
120 No kekahi manaʻo no ka pilikia o nā unuhina i ka ʻōlelo haole, e heluhelu aku i ka puke a Nogelmeier. Puakea Nogelmeier, Mai Paʻa i Ka Leo: Historical Voice in Hawaiian Primary Materials, Looking Forward and Listening Back (Honolulu, Hawaiʻi: Bishop Museum Press, 2010), 41-43, 150-151. 121 Marie Alohalani Brown, Facing the Spears of Change: The Life and Legacy of John Papa ʻĪʻī (University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2016), xv, xix, 1-15.
70 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA
He hōʻoia hou nō kā Kaualilinoe nane i ka mea nui a koʻikoʻi o kēia Kanaka i mua o ka lehulehu i kēlā manawa a hiki loa i kēia mau lā. Ua kākau ʻia nō hoʻi kēia nane he ʻeiwa makahiki ma hope o ko ʻĪʻī hala ʻana, a ua hiki nō i kekahi mau kānaka ke haʻina mai i ka nane. No laila,
ʻaʻole i poina nā Kānaka o kēlā au o ʻĪʻī. Ma muli o ka hana nui a nā kānaka e like me
Kaualilinoe, Pukui, me Brown e hoʻomanaʻo ai iā ia, i poina ʻole kākou i kēia kanaka koʻikoʻi. ʻO ia like nō kuʻu manaʻolana no Kaualilinoe.
Nane: hua 9, 10, me 11, aia au i na nalu kai o ke Ka’ulua, a he olelo nui ia au e Hawaii 6 Haʻina: pae
He pohihihi loa nō hoʻi kēia nane. Eia nō hoʻi kuʻu kuhi, a he kuhi wale nō. Malia paha, ua hemahema loa ia. Akā, he hoʻāʻo nō hoʻi kēia e ʻike ʻia ai ke kumu o ka haʻina pololei ʻo “pae.”
ʻO “Ka’ulua,” he inoa nō ia, no ka mea, pela ʻia ma ka hua maʻaka, akā ʻaʻole paha kēlā he inoa wahi. He au nō ia. He inoa malama a he inoa hōkū paha ia. Kau kēlā hōkū i ka wā Kaulua. ʻO
“Kaulua” paha ke ʻano i lohe nui ʻia, akā i kekahi moʻolelo, pela ʻia nō hoʻi ʻo “Ka’ulua,” ʻo ia ka inoa o ka malama.122 Eia kekahi, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ma kekahi nūpepa, ʻo Kaʻulua ka puana pololei,
ʻaʻole ʻo Kaulua.123
I ka wā i kau ai kekahi malama, ua ʻokoʻa ko kekahi manaʻo, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ko kekahi manaʻo. Wahi a kekahi, kau ʻo Kaulua/Kaʻulua i ka mahina ʻo Ianuali a hiki i Pepeluali. ʻŌlelo kekahi no Molokaʻi, aia nō i Iune. Na kekahi no Oʻahu, aia nō i nā mahina ʻo ʻOkakopa,
Nowemapa, a me Kēkēmapa.124 ʻOiai ʻaʻole launa like nō hoʻi ka wā i manaʻo ai ʻo ia ʻo Kaulua,
122 John Whalley Hermosa Isaac Kihe, “Kaao Hooniua Puuwai no Ka-miki,” Ke Au Hou, Ianuali 4, 1911, 13. 123 “The Hawaiian Astronomy,” The Hawaiian Astronomy, Iune 4, 1909, 2. 124 Rubellite Kawena Johnson lāua ʻo John Kaipo Mahelona, Nā Inoa Hōkū: A Catalogue of Hawaiian and Pacific Star Names (Honolulu: Topgallant Publishing Company, Ltd., 1975), 58-59; Ann Kaleilokelani
71 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA pēlā nō paha ka like ʻole o ka puana ʻana. He hōʻoia nō kēlā. Malia paha, ʻōlelo kekahi, aia ʻo
Kaulua i Iune, malia paha, aia ʻo Kaʻulua i Ianuali a Pepeluali. ʻAʻole nō like a puni ka pae ʻāina.
Inā he malama ʻo Kaʻulua i ka nane, malia paha, aia nō kēia wā i ʻOkakopa, Nowemapa, a Kēkēmapa paha i ko Kaualilinoe manaʻo, no ka mea, aia nō ʻo ia e noho ana ma Oʻahu, a wahi a kekahi poʻe no Oʻahu, aia nō ʻo Kaulua/Kaʻulua i ia mau mahina. Maʻa hoʻi ʻo Kaualilinoe i nā malama a me nā mahina kahiko, no ka mea, ua kākau mau ʻo ia i kēlā mau malama Hawaiʻi i kāna moʻolelo no Kamaakamahiʻai (e nānā i ka Mokuna III).
Ma kēlā mau mahina ma Kaʻulua, kaulana loa nō hoʻi ʻo Hawaiʻi i nā nalu kai. Kuahaka nui aʻela nā nalu. I kēia mau lā, noho wau i ka hulina ʻĀkau o Oʻahu nei, a ʻike maka mau aku wau i kēlā mau nalu nui a kaulana a me nā ʻāuna kānaka i hele mai i Hawaiʻi mai nā kihi a pau loa o ka honua e ʻaʻa i nā nalu nui. ʻO kekahi huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe no ke kau ʻana i luna o ka nalu no ka heʻe nalu ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo “pae.” He mea leʻaleʻa nō hoʻi nā nalu nui na ka poʻe Hawaiʻi. ʻO ia nō kekahi o nā hana kaulana a punahele hoʻi a nā aliʻi, nā makaʻāinana, nā mākua, nā keiki, nā kāne, a me nā wāhine. ʻO nā Kānaka Hawaiʻi, puni nō hoʻi lākou i ka heʻe nalu. ʻO ia paha ke kumu i ʻōlelo nui ʻia ai kēia ʻōlelo ʻo “pae” ma ka nalu kai o Kaʻulua—e pae i nā nalu.
Malia paha, ua makaʻu loa ʻo Mea i nā nalu kai, a aia ʻo ia i loko o ia nalu kai. No ka makaʻu, e ʻōlelo ana paha, “pae,” i hoʻi hou aku i uka, no ka mea, ʻo ia hoʻi kekahi manaʻo ʻē aʻe o
“pae.”
Eia hou mai kekahi manaʻo oʻu no ka haʻina o kēia nane. ʻO “Ka’ulua,” ua kohu like loa nō ia me “Kaulua,” he waʻa nui nō ia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ʻelua mau waʻa, e like hoʻi me ka waʻa kaulana ʻo Hōkūleʻa. ʻO kekahi manaʻo ʻē aʻe o “nalu kai,” ʻo ia ka pilikia o ka waʻa ma muli o ke
Tsuha (Nuʻuhiwa), “Kaulana Mahina: He ʻŌnaehana ʻAlemakana Hawaiʻi” (Mānoa, Honolulu, University of Hawaiʻi, 2007), 47, 50, 51, 57.
72 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA kahiko a me ke kaomi nui ʻia ʻana e ka ua, ka hao nui ʻia e ka makani, a me ke poʻi nui ʻia e nā nalu. Malia paha, nui nā pilikia o ia waʻa kaulua nalu kai, a no ka pilikia nui, ʻōlelo nā kānaka ma luna o ka waʻa kaulua, “pae” i hoʻi hou ai i ka ʻāina.
Pololei paha kaʻu ʻōlelo, ʻaʻole paha. Na ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i hoʻomaopopo leʻa i ke kumu o ka haʻina. Pau loa ia ʻike iā kākou. Akā, he hōʻoia hou nō kēia no ko Kaualilinoe ʻano loea i ka ʻōlelo Kanaka me ke kaona ma ka hūnā ʻana i nā ʻano manaʻo nui he nui i loko o ka
ʻōlelo.
Nane: hua 1, 2, 5, 15, 14 me 4, e ike ia no au he kahunapule, a aia au ma ka Ua Kanilehua 8 Haʻina: Kowana
Eia hou kekahi nane no kekahi kanaka kaulana, a na ka poʻe o kēlā au i hoʻomaopopo leʻa paha me ka wikiwiki i ka haʻina. ʻO Kowana nō paha kēia. I kuʻu huli ʻana i loko o nā nūpepa,
ʻaʻohe mea e pili ana iā Kowana ma ke ʻano he kahunapule. Eia kekahi, ua nānā akula wau i ka puke hou ʻo Nā Kahu: Portraits of Native Hawaiian Pastors at Home and Abroad, 1820-1900, a he
ʻole ka loaʻa. Ua manaʻo ihola wau, “auē nō hoʻi ē, ʻo wai kēia kanaka?” I ʻole kā Kaualilinoe nane, poina loa ʻia ihola ʻo ia no ka ʻike ʻole i nā mea i loko o nā nūpepa a me kēia puke nui no nā kahu.
Hoʻopuka ʻia aʻela kona inoa ʻo Kowana mai kuʻu waha mai, a ʻo Koana nō paha kekahi puana, ke lohe pono ʻia. Huli hou akula wau i loko o nā nūpepa, a ua loaʻa mai iaʻu ka inoa ʻo
Rev. T. Koana, a noho ʻo ia ma Hilo. He inoa ʻo Kowana/Koana nō i hoʻohawaiʻi ʻia. ʻO Titus
Coan kona inoa ponoʻī.125 He haole ʻo ia no Killingworth, Konekikuka i ka M.H. 1881. Ua hōʻea
ʻo ia i Hilo, Hawaiʻi i ka M.H. 1835. Ua aʻo ʻia mai ʻo ia i ka ʻōlelo Kanaka e kekahi mānaleo i
125 David W. Forbes, Hawaiian National Bibliography, Vol 3: 1851-1880, (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1998), 176.
73 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA kapa ʻia ʻo Barnabas. Ma ka ʻōlelo Kanaka nō ʻo ia i haʻi ʻōlelo ai a i aʻo aku ai.126 I Hilo nō ʻo ia i hoʻomaka ai i kekahi kula hoʻomākaukau kahunapule no nā Kānaka Hawaiʻi. Aʻo akula nō ʻo ia i nā haumāna Hawaiʻi he nui a lilo lākou i mau kāhunapule kaulana o Hawaiʻi e laʻa me Hezekiah
Aea, Zachariah Hāpuku, Daniela Kahooio, Joseph S. Kalana, J. W. Kanoa, Henry B. Nālimu,
Timoteo Pohano, a me Pihe. Na Koana hoʻi i kōkua a paipai nui aku i nā kāhunapule Hawaiʻi e hele i ka ʻāina ʻo Kilipaki.127 ʻO ia nō kekahi o nā kāhunapule mua loa o ka hale pule kaulana loa
ʻo Haili ma Hilo.128 No laila, ʻo Kowana nō paha ka haʻina o kā Kaualilinoe nane.
Ua lawa paha kēia kamaʻilio ʻana no Koana (Kowana), akā eia nō wau ke hāpai mai nei i kona inoa, no ka mea, he hoihoi loa paha kekahi papahana e ʻimi noiʻi ana e pili ana i kēia kanaka a me nā Kānaka Hawaiʻi āna i aʻo ai. He hoa maikaʻi paha ʻo ia no ka poʻe Hawaiʻi? He aloha maoli nō kona i ka lāhui Hawaiʻi? He kūʻē loa paha ʻo ia i nā Kānaka? ʻOiai ua kuhi ʻia ʻo ia e Kaualilinoe i loko o kāna nane, he mea nui a koʻikoʻi paha ʻo Koana i kēlā manawa. He huli aku nō ka mea e koe nei.
E kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu ē, pehea mai nei ʻoe? Ua hiki anei iā ʻoe ke haʻina mai i kā
Kaualilinoe mau nane liʻiliʻi a pau loa a ʻike ʻia nō paha kona inoa maoli? Pehea kekahi mau nane? Ua hiki? Inā ʻaʻole, mai nō a hopohopo iki, no ka mea, ʻo ke aʻo wale mai nō i koe. Ma o ka nānā ʻana aku i nā nane liʻiliʻi o kāna nane nui, ua hiki nō ke ʻike ʻia ke akamai loa a ʻano maʻalea paha o kēia mea kākau ma kona hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻōlelo Kanaka, ke kaona, ka nane, ka moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, nā inoa kānaka a pēlā wale aku nō. Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i ia nane āna i waiho ai i
126 Titus Coan, Life in Hawaii: An Autobiographic Sketch of Mission Life and Labors, 1835-1881 (New York: Anson D. F. Randolph & Company, 1882), https://archive.org/details/lifeinhawaiiaut00coan, 2, 22-24, 27. 127 Nancy J. Morris and Robert Benedetto, Nā Kahu: Portraits of Native Hawaiian Pastors at Home and Abroad, 1820-1900 (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2019), 9, 56, 73, 101, 112, 119, 216 235, 237. 128 “Ka Moolelo o ka Luakini o Haili,” Ka Hoku o Hawaii, Iune 17, 1930, 1.
74 NO NĀ MEA A KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU MAILA loko o nā nūpepa ma ke ʻano he mea e ana ai i ke akamai o ka lehulehu, a he mea hoʻi ia e aʻo aku ai i ka lehulehu. Pēia hoʻi ke ana ʻana a me ke aʻo ʻana iā kākou a pau loa i kēia mau lā. No laila, inā ua haʻina ʻole ʻia ka nane, he nui hou aku ka ʻike e koe nei, a nāu hoʻi e ʻimi aku. ʻEʻole hoʻi kāna nane, ʻike kākou i kekahi ʻike hune o ka moʻolelo Hawaiʻi.
Pakuhi III.I: HE NANE NO KA INOA MAOLI NO KAUALILINOE ME NĀ HAʻINA # Māhele o ka Nane Haʻina hua 1 me 2, e pau ana au i ka ai ia e na lahuikanaka a pau; 1 KO
hua 1, 2, 3 me 4, he inoa au no kekahi kanaka kaulana, a aia au i ka maile o 2 Koiahi; KOHA
hua 5, 6, me 7, he mea au i makemake nui ia, a he kauwa hoi na na lahui a 3 pau; WAI
hua 7 me 8, he inoa au no kekahi kanaka koikoi o Hawaii nei; 4 II
hua 3, 8, 9 me 10, he holoholona au i makemake nui ia mai o loa mai; 5 HIPA
hua 9, 10, me 11, aia au i na nalu kai o ke Ka’ulua, a he olelo nui ia au e 6 Hawaii, PAE
hua 12, 13, 14 me 15, ke ake mai nei na lahuikanaka a pau e loaa aku au ia 7 lakou; AINA
hua 1, 2, 5, 15, 14 me 4, e ike ia no au he kahunapule, a aia au ma ka Ua 8 Kanilehua; KOWANA
hua 3, 10, 9, 4, me 7, e hoomaopopoia no koʻu ano he hapa au no ka aina 9 pua, a o ko’u wahi aloha loa o ka nahele laau o Panaewa. HAPAI
I HIKI AI KAKOU I KA PANE POO O KA PONO: HE ʻŌLELO PANINA
Ma o ka wehewehe ʻana a me ke kālailai ʻana i kekahi mau ʻatikala āna, ua ʻike ʻia nō ʻo
Kaualilinoe ma ke ʻano he mea kākau hoihoi a akamai loa hoʻi i nā ʻano mea like ʻole. He loea nō
ʻo ia ma ke kākau ʻana i kāna mau ʻatikala hōʻike manaʻo, aʻo Baibala, kālailai a hoʻohālikelike
75 MOKUNA I: E KUKINI ANA I KA LOA A ME KA LAULA moʻolelo, hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo, kaʻana ʻike Hawaiʻi, aloha ʻāina, a me ka haku nane. He hōʻoia iki nō kēia mau mea i luna aʻe nei no ka mea nui a koʻikoʻi e ʻimi noiʻi ʻia ai ka hana a me ka moʻolelo kanaka o J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, a he hōʻoia ia e ʻike ai kākou iā ia ma ke ʻano he pou nui nāna i paepae ikaika i ka hālau o ko kākou ʻike Hawaiʻi, nāna hoʻi i hoʻomalu iā kākou, no ka mea, ua waiho nui ʻo ia i nā ʻano hune ʻike he nui iā kākou. Ua kūkini nō kākou i ka loa a me ka laulā i hiki ai kākou i ka pane poʻo o ka pono.129 ʻO ia hoʻi, ua hehi nui kākou ma luna o ke ala a
Kaualilinoe i waele ai i mea e hoʻonaʻauao aku ai a e hoʻokiʻekiʻe aku ai i ka poʻe o kona wā a hiki loa i kēia au e neʻe nei, a hōʻea akula kākou i ka pane poʻo o ka naʻauao. ʻOiai ua panopaʻū nō hoʻi ko kākou ʻili i ua Lilinoe nei, e mau ana nō ko kākou kū ʻana i loko o ia ua. I nā mokuna ʻelua e hiki koke mai ana (Mokuna II & Mokuna III), e hoʻomau ʻia ka wehewehe ʻana a me ke kālailai
ʻana i nā mea nui a Kaualilinoe i kākau ai i naʻauao ai kākou a pau loa, ʻo ia nō nā moʻolelo
Hawaiʻi.
UA HOʻI KA UʻI O MĀNOA, UA AHIAHI
129 He ʻōlelo ʻo “i hiki ai i ka pane poo o ka pono” mai kekahi ʻatikala a Kaualilinoe i kākau ai. Kaualilinoe, “Pua rose nani”, 4.
76 MOKUNA II
KA IHU KAE-A-E-A O LIHUE, KAUAI: NO KALELEALUAKA
KE PUKA AKU IMUA O KO OUKOU ALO: HE ʻŌLELO HOʻOLAUNA
Ua paʻi akula ʻo J. W. K. Kaualilinoe i kāna mana i ʻike ai no “Ka Moolelo o
Kalelealuaka, Ka Ihu Kae-a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i” i Ka Nupepa
Kuokoa. ʻEiwa mau helu o kāna moʻolelo pōkole mai ka lā 9 o ʻApelila a i ka lā 4 o Iune i ka M.H.
1870. Ma Oʻahu me Kauaʻi ka hapa nui o kēia moʻolelo, akā aia nō kekahi mau hanana liʻiliʻi ma nā moku ʻo Hawaiʻi me Maui. I ka wā o Kākuhihewa e noho aliʻi mai ana kēia moʻolelo.
Ma ka hapa nui o ke paʻi ʻia ʻana o ka moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka, paʻi ʻia akula i ke alo o Ka
Nupepa Kuokoa. ʻEkolu manawa, hoʻopaneʻe ʻia akula ka moʻolelo a i ke kua o ka nūpepa i ka wā i hoʻopuka ʻia ai ka moʻolelo o ka ʻAhaʻōlelo a me kekahi moʻolelo hou no waho mai ʻo “Ka Lima
Kala—oia hoi ka—Wanana Kupanaha o Maharata, He Kaao no ka Aina a me ke Kai.”1 Paʻi ʻia akula ʻo Kalelealuaka ma ka wā like e paʻi ʻia ana ʻo “Na Hunahuna o ka Moolelo Hawaii,” he ahu moʻolelo nō ia na John Papa ʻĪʻī. Ma ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ua kū nā kīpoʻohiwi o nā moʻolelo ʻelua ma ke alo o ke Kuokoa. Ma Ke Au Okoa hoʻi, ua paʻi ʻia ka moʻolelo ʻo “Aloha Alii,
Aloha Lahui” na Moses Ulanahele,2 a paʻi like ʻia ka moʻolelo ʻo “He Kaao no Puaokaohelo.”3
Ua paʻi ʻia akula kā Kaualilinoe ma hope o ko Samuela K. Kapohu moʻolelo i kapa ʻia ʻo “He
1 ʻO ia ka moʻolelo ʻo Silver Hand. ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia ka mea unuhi. Paʻi ʻia i ka M.H. 1870 mai ka lā 23 o ʻApelila a i ka 6 o ʻAukake. ʻAʻole paha i hoʻopau ʻia. 2 Moses Ulanahele, “Aloha Alii, Aloha Lahui, Helu 1,” Ke Au Okoa, Malaki 31, 1870. He ʻelima ona helu, paʻi ʻia mai ka lā 31 o Malaki a i ka lā 5 o Mei. ʻAʻole paha i hoʻopau pono ʻia ka moʻolelo. 3 “He Kaao No Puaokaohelo, Ke Kamalei hiwahiwa o Kauakanilehua o Hilo, ke kaikamahine a Leleiwi me Makahanaloa, ka hanai a Punahou, i unuhi ia mai loko mai o na Kaao kahiko o Hawaii nei, Helu 1,” Ke Au Okoa, ʻApelila 21, 1870, 4.
MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
Kaao no Kauilani.”4 A pau ka moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka, kākau hou akula ʻo Kaualilinoe i kekahi moʻolelo no Kamaakamahiʻai. E nānā i ka Pākuʻina O no ka ʻike hou aku. E kālele nui ʻia ana ia moʻolelo no Kamaakamahiʻai ma ka Mokuna III.
He moʻolelo pāhaʻohaʻo nō kēia e pili ana i nā kaua nui ma Oʻahu ma waena o
Kākuhihewa lāua ʻo Kūaliʻi. Ma waho aʻe o nā moʻolelo kaua, ua nui nā mea hoihoi no ka ʻike
Hawaiʻi, ʻo ke mele ʻoe (hoʻokahi ona mele), ʻo nā inoa ʻāina ʻoe, ʻo nā ʻōlelo noʻeau ʻoe, ʻo ka loina
ʻoe a ia mea aku. I kēia mokuna nei, e kālailai ʻia ana nō ka moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka a me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hoihoi ona. He maʻalahi loa nō paha ka hele a lōʻihi loa ʻana o kēia pepa no ka nui o nā mea hoihoi i loko nō o ka pōkole o kēia moʻolelo, no laila, ua wae pono ʻia kekahi mau mea hoihoi e kālele nui ʻia ai—ʻo nā meʻe ʻo Kaʻōpele lāua ʻo Maliuhaaino, ʻo kekahi manaʻo pilina ʻōlelo, ʻo ka ʻike kuʻuna o ka helu manawa Hawaiʻi, ʻo nā meʻe ʻo Kaʻōpele, ʻo kekahi mau pana ʻāina, a ʻo nā kuko kaulana a Kalelealuaka lāua ʻo kona hoa ʻo Keinohoomanawanui. Ma mua o ka luʻu ʻana i loko o nā mea hoihoi, e wehewehe pōkole ʻia ana nō ka moʻolelo a me nā mana ʻē aʻe no Kalelealuaka i mea e hoʻokamaʻāina iki ai kākou i kēia moʻolelo.
I MAOPOPO KA IO A ME KA IWI: NO KA MOʻOLELO
He meiwi ka hoʻokahua ʻana o ka moʻolelo Hawaiʻi i ka moʻokūʻauhau, no laila hoʻi i hoʻomaka ai kēia moʻolelo. No ka hānau ʻia ʻana o Kaʻōpele, ka makuakāne o ka mea nona kēia moʻolelo, ka maka mua o kēia moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka. I kona hānau ʻia ʻana ma Waipiʻo,
Hawaiʻi, he keiki ʻaluʻalu nō ʻo ia, ke nānā aku. Me he mea lā, ʻaʻohe ona hanu ola. Eia kā, he kupaianaha maoli nō ke ʻano o kēia keiki. Puni nō ʻo ia i ka hiamoe lōʻihi. No ʻeono malama, mai
4 Samuela Kapohu, “He Kaao no Kauilani. Ke kupueu o ka uka o waokele o Kawaikini i Wailua, Kauai, a me kana poe mamo aku. Helu 1,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Kepakemapa 18, 1869. Paʻi ʻia mai ka lā 18 o Kepakemapa i ka M.H. 1869 a i ka lā 12 o Pepeluali i ka M.H. 1870. He 13 ona pukana.
78 NO KALELEALUAKA ka malama ʻo Ikiki (pēlā nō ma ka moʻolelo, ʻo Ikiiki nō ia) a hiki loa aku i ka malama ʻo ʻIkuā, he hiamoe wale nō kāna, a ʻo nā malama ʻē aʻe, he ala nō kāna. Iā ia nō e hiamoe lōʻihi ana, aia nō
ʻo ia i ke ao e lelele ana me Poliʻahu mā i ʻō i ʻaneʻi a puni ka pae ʻāina ʻo Hawaiʻi. I nā manawa a pau loa ʻo ia i hāʻule mua ai i ka hiamoe a i ka wā i ala hou aʻe ai, kuʻi ka hekili, ʻōlapa ka uila, nei ke ōlaʻi, a nāueue ka honua. Oi noho a makua ʻo ia.
I kekahi lā, haʻalele akula ʻo ia nei i kona mau mākua iā Waipiʻo no ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i nā mokupuni. Ua hiki aku ʻo ia i Kula, Maui, a noho iki ihola ma laila. Iā ia nō e noho ana i laila,
ʻo ka mahi ʻai nui kāna i hana ai. Ua ʻane oʻo a mākaukau ka ʻai a hāʻule hou ihola ʻo ia i kāna hana puni ʻo ka hiamoe. Hala akula nā malama, a ala hou aʻela ʻo ia. ʻIke akula ʻo ia i kona ʻāina i mahi ʻia ai, a pau akula nā mea kanu i ka ʻai ʻia e nā kamaʻāina. No ia kumu, hoʻoholo ʻia ihola e haʻalele iā Maui no ka hele ʻana i Oʻahu.
Hōʻea maila ʻo ia i Kapapakōlea, Moanalua a ʻo ka lilo akula nō ia i ka mahi ʻai. Hoʻi hou ihola ʻo ia i kāna hana puni lele i ke ao me Poliʻahu. Hala hou akula nā malama a ala hou aʻela, a pau ihola kāna ʻai i ka hoʻopuhi ʻia. Haʻalele hou akula iā Kapapakōlea a hōʻea akula i
Keahumoe, Līhuʻe, Oʻahu. Oi mahiʻai a hiki hou maila kona wā hiamoe. Ala hou aʻela ʻo ia, a waiho ihola ʻo ia i kāna mea ʻai i ka ʻāina a haʻalele no ka hele ʻana i Lahuimalo.
Hiki akula ʻo ia i Lahuimalo, a ʻo ka mahi ʻai nō kāna i hana hou ai. Ua ʻane oʻo a mākaukau hoʻi ka ʻai, a iho ʻo ia i kahawai. ʻO ka ʻauʻau akula nō ia, a hiamoe ana i loko o ka wai.
Lana aʻela ʻo ia ma ke kahawai, lawe ʻia e ke kahawai kona kino hiamoe a hiki loa i ke one o
Māeaea, Waialua, Oʻahu. I laila ʻo ia nei i moe ai me he kupapaʻu lā.5
5 J. W. K Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka: Ka Ihu Kae-a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i, Helu 1,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ʻApelila 9, 1870, 1.
79 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
I kēlā manawa, hiki maila kekahi kanaka no Kauaʻi mai e ʻimi hele aku ana i mōhai no ka heiau ʻo Kahikihaunaka ma Wailua, Kauaʻi. Hoʻoholo ʻia ihola, ʻo ke kino ma Māeaea ka mōhai, a lawe ʻia i Wailua, a kau ʻia aʻela ʻo ia i luna o ka lele ma kahi kokoke i kekahi kino mōhai ʻē aʻe.
Hala akula nā malama, a heleleʻi nā iwi o ka hoa mōhai. Ua hiki mai ka wā maʻamau a ala hou aʻela ʻo Kaʻōpele a iho i kauhale, a launa pū akula me kekahi mau kamaʻāina.
Noho ihola ʻo ia ma Kauaʻi, a lilo kekahi kamaʻāina ʻo Makalani i wahine nāna. Puʻu aʻela ka ʻōpū o kāna wahine, a ʻo ka mahiʻai nui kāna i hana ai ʻo ka ʻuala ʻoe, ʻo ka maiʻa ʻoe, ʻo ke kō
ʻoe, ʻo ke kalo ʻoe, a me nā mea kūpono ʻē aʻe he nui wale. Pau kāna hana mahiʻai, a hele ʻo ia i kai, a lawaiʻa. Ua ʻeu nā iʻa i loaʻa mai iā ia a lawa nō hoʻi no ka ʻohana.6
Ua pau ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea e pono ai kona ʻohana a haʻi akula ʻo ia i kāna wahine no kāna puni hiamoe, a ʻī akula, “i noho oe—a i moe au, mai haohao oe. Mai kiola nae hoi oe ia’u iwaho, i moe aku no au noho mai no oe; mai kanu no hoi oe ia’u i ka lepo.” A hiki maila ʻo Ikiiki a hāʻule hou ihola ʻo ia i ka hiamoe. Hala akula kekahi mau malama, a ʻupu ihola kahi manaʻo ʻino i loko o nā mākua o Makalani, e kanu ʻia ke kino hiamoe o Kaʻōpele, no ka mea, kohu make ʻo ia a e māʻinoʻino ana nō ke kino. Nui aʻela ka hōʻole a ua Makalani nei, eia kā
ʻaʻohe hoʻolohe iki a kona mau mākua. Ua hīkiʻi ʻia ʻo Kaʻōpele a paʻa i ke kaula kāʻeʻe a kiola ʻia akula ʻo ia i loko o ka moana ma kahi ʻālike ʻālike ma waena o Kauaʻi me Oʻahu (ʻo Kaʻieʻiewaho nō paha ia.) Ma hope iki o ko Kaʻōpele kiola ʻia ʻana, hānau ʻia maila kāna keiki, ʻo Kalelealuaka nō kēia.
Hiki maila ʻo ʻIkuā, a ala aʻela ʻo ia a puka akula mai ka ʻōpū lipolipo mai o ka moana.
Hoʻi hou akula ʻo ia i kona hale ma kahi e noho ana kāna wahine mā. Hiki akula ʻo ia i laila a ʻo
6 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka, Ka Ihu Kae-a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i, Helu 2,” ʻApelila 16, 1870, 1.
80 NO KALELEALUAKA ka ʻike akula nō ia o Makalani iā ia, a lele ka hauli ona a me kona mau mākuahūnōwai. ʻO ka make ihola nō o lāua ka hopena i ka hilahila i ka hoʻolohe ʻole i nā ʻōlelo a kā lāua kaikamahine.
Ma ia mua aku, ua pau nō ka puni hiamoe o Kaʻōpele no ka loaʻa ʻana o ke keiki iā ia. Ua aʻo akula ʻo ia iā Kalelealuaka i nā ʻano hana kaua a pau o Hawaiʻi nei. Ua lilo ʻo Kalelealuaka i loea ma ia ʻano hana a kona makuakāne i aʻo ai iā ia, a no kona ʻano loea, ua eo ʻo ia i ke aliʻi kaulana i ka mokomoko o Wailua.7 Hele hou akula ʻo ia i Hanalei, eo maila nō hoʻi ʻo ia i ke aliʻi kaulana i ka ʻōʻō ihe o Hanalei iā ia. ʻO nā iwi o ia mau aliʻi, ua lilo nō ia ʻo ia nā mōhai aliʻi no kona heiau i kūkulu aʻe ai a paʻa me kona makuakāne ʻo Kaʻōpele.
I kekahi lā, nānā akula ʻo Kalelealuaka iā Oʻahu, a hoʻoholo ʻia, e hele mākaʻikaʻi i laila me kona hoa ʻo Kaluhe. Ma mua o ko lāua haʻalele ʻana, ʻī akula ʻo Kaʻōpele iā lāua,
Ke holo la oe a pae i ke kuono malalo o ka lae e au mai la la, o Waianae no ia; a hele aku no olua a ke kiowai i ke kula maomao la, o Lualualei ia kiowai. Pii aku olua a kau pono i ke kawa la, o Pohakea ia; a nana iho no olua i ke kula e waiho palahalaha ana la, a e ulu ana no paha na mea kanu, o ke kula ia o Keahumoe; a o na mea hoi a pau e ulu ana malaila, nau wale no ia a mau mea a pau, aole he mea nana e leoleowa mai ia oe, no ka mea, na’u wale no ia mau mea a pau i kanu…8
A haʻalele akula lāua no ka hele ʻana i Oʻahu.
Ua pae mai nō lāua i Oʻahu, a launa pū akula me kekahi keiki no Waiʻanae. Ua kapa ʻia akula ia keiki ʻo Keinohoomanawanui e Kalelealuaka. Huakaʻi pū akula lākou ʻekolu i nā wahi a
Kaʻōpele i kuhikuhi ai. Hiki akula lākou i luna o Kahalepōʻai, a i laila nō hoʻi lākou i noho ai. Iā
7 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka, Ka Ihu Kae-a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i, Helu 3,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ʻApelila 23, 1870, 1. 8 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka, Ka Ihu Kae-a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i, Helu 4,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ʻApelila 30, 1870, 1.
81 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI lākou e noho ana i laila, pohā aʻela kahi hua kukui a pā akula kahi maka o Keinohoʻomanawanui a makapaʻa ʻo ia.9
I ka manawa a Kalelealuaka mā e noho ana ma Oʻahu, ʻo Kākuhihewa ke aliʻi nui o
Oʻahu nei, a mai kahi ona e noho ana ma Koʻolina, ua hiki nō iā ia ke ʻike aku i ka uahi a
Kalelealuaka mā i uka o Kahalepōʻai. I kekahi lā, piʻi akula ua Kākuhihewa lā i uka i huhuki maila i ka ʻawa kaulana o Kahauone. I ke kokoke ʻana mai i ka hale o Kalelealuaka mā, lohe maila ʻo ia i kekahi ʻōlelo ʻana o ke keiki Kauaʻi me ke keiki Waiʻanae no nā kuko a lāua. ʻO kā
Keinohoʻomanawanui, “o ka uwala no a kakou, o ka puhi hoi ko Hanaloa—hoi mai ka puhi laulau—o ka puhi o ka uwala, kalua pu, a moe ae, o ka apu awa mai no, o ka mahanahana ae o ka uwala me ka puhi, e oki oe i ua mea he ona o ka awa.”10
ʻO kā Kalelealuaka hoʻi, penei,
O na hanaiahuhu no a Kakuhihewa, i mau wahine kaua; o na puaa hanai ana na kaua e ai, o na ilio nahumaka, na kaua no e ai, o na koele ai, o na puko kapu, o na ahui maia kapu, na kaua no e ai. Apopo, pii mai o Kakuhihewa i laau hale no kaua, a hiki iuka nei, huhuki ae no i ka awa a Kahauone, a hoomaemae ae a maloo, hoi aku no o Kakuhihewa a hiki i kai, kukulu i na hale o kaua a paa, a kii mai no ia kaua e haawe a hiki i kai, mama mai no i ka awa a pau, hoka a kihee i ka apu, e hooinu mai no ia’u, a ooki iho ka ona a ka awa, hapai ae no o Kakuhihewa ia’u a hiki i ka hale.11
Pau ia hoʻolohe ʻana o ke aliʻi nui i ke kuko ʻana o kēlā mau keiki, a ua kūkulu aʻela ʻo
Kākuhihewa i kāna pāhoa ma waho o ko lākou hale, a hoʻi hou akula i kai i Puʻuloa.
I kona hoʻi hou ʻana i kai, haʻi akula ʻo ia i ka poʻe ʻāʻīpuʻupuʻu, kona poʻe aliʻi, me kona poʻe ʻaialo no nā kuko a ia poʻe o uka, no ka mea, he ʻōlelo make paha kāna i lohe ai. Ua hoʻoholo
9 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka, Ka Ihu Kae-a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i, Helu 5,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Mei 7, 1870, 4. 10 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka, Ka Ihu Kae-a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i, Helu 6,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Mei 14, 1870, 1. 11 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 6,” Mei 14, 1870, 1.
82 NO KALELEALUAKA
ʻia e kona poʻe a pau loa, he ʻōlelo make nō. Koe naʻe ʻo Napuaikamao, ʻo ia ke kahuna ʻike a akamai hoʻi o Kākuhihewa. Mea mai ʻo ia, “Maikai no ia kuko, he kuko waiwai ole nae [ke kuko a Keinohoomanawanui], aohe no hoi he pomaikai.” A no kā Kalelealuaka, penei hoʻi kā
Napuaikamao, “E ke’lii, aia ua kuko, o ke kanaka ia lanakila ko aupuni ; o ia, hoounaia na kanaka a pau e pii i ka laau a me ka awa.” Maliu nō hoʻi ʻo Kākuhihewa i ka leo aʻo a kona kahuna, no ka mea, ua ʻane pau loa ko Kākuhihewa ʻaoʻao i ka luku ʻia e Kūaliʻi mā—ʻo ia ke aliʻi kipi. Ua kauoha akula ʻo Kākuhihewa iā Maliuhaaino, kona ilāmuku ʻoʻopa, nāna hoʻi e alakaʻi i ko lāua mau kānaka ma ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kuko a ia mau keiki o Kahalepōʻai.12
Ua mākaukau nā mea a pau e pono ai, a piʻi aʻela ʻo Maliuhaaino mā i uka i kiʻi mai iā
Kalelealuaka mā. ʻAe maila ʻo Kalelealuaka mā e hoʻi pū me lākou i kai i kahi o Kākuhihewa mā.
Iā lākou e iho ana, ʻo ke kamaʻeu o Kauaʻi ka hope. Lele aʻela ʻo ia a i Kuaikua, i uka hoʻi o
Helemano, Waialua. Ua ʻauʻau ʻo ia i ke kahawai ma laila, a kapakapa akula ʻo ia i ona mau
ʻaumākua. Kauoha akula ʻo ia e ʻoki ʻia ka ʻōmaka ona. Lohe ʻia maila kāna kauoha e nā
ʻaumākua, a moku ihola ka ʻōmaka. Kuʻi ka hekili, ʻōlapa ka uila, a hoʻonāueue ke ōlaʻi i ka honua. Ua ʻike akula ʻo Kaʻōpele ma Kauaʻi i kēia mau ʻōuli i ka lani, a maopopo leʻa iā ia ka hana a kāna keiki me ka ʻī ʻana aku, “A-ha-ha, moku aku la ka omaka o kuu mamo, ike iho la no ou kupuna ia oe—A ! ka mamo a ke’kua la, pii no a na’lii aimoku.”13
Pau kāna hana ma ke kahawai, a hoʻi hou akula ʻo ia i kahi o Maliuhaaino mā e iho pupū ana. He lohi wale nō hoʻi ka iho ʻana o lākou, no ka mea, he ʻoʻopa nō ʻo Maliuhaaino, a mālie wale hoʻi kona hele ʻana. Hāpai ʻia aʻela nō hoʻi lākou a pau loa e Kalelealuaka a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ihola i kai i Puʻuloa me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia. Hōʻea akula lākou i nā hale i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no lākou, a hoʻokō
12 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 6, Mei 14,” 1870, 1. 13 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka, Ka Ihu Kae-a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i, Helu 7,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Mei 21, 1870, 1.
83 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
ʻia nā kuko a Keinohoomanawanui lāua ʻo Kalelealuaka. I loko o ko Keinohoomanawanui hale,
“…e ahu ana laulau puhi, e kuku ana hoi na poi uwala a me na apu awa.”
I loko o ko Kalelealuaka hale, penei,
o ka hoka koke mai la no ia o Kakuhihewa i ka awa a pau, a kikikoele, a ku ana i ka apu, a lawe mai la no a hoohainu ia Kalelealuaka. Lawe mai la no hoi oia i ka huewai pu o ka waha, a mu aku la i ka wai iwaho. Lalau aku la no ua Moi nei i ka haohana o ka puaa, a hahao aku la i ka waha o Kalelealuaka, a pela no i kela a me keia mea i hoomakaukauia. A i ka wa hoi i oki mai ai ka ona o ka awa, o ka miki mai la no ia o kahi oopa, a kaikai aku la ia Kalelealuaka, a hoomoe iho la mawaena o na kamalei [pn] a Kakuhihewa, a o ka hoomaka ana no ia o ko laua lilo ana i mau wahine hoao nana a mau aku.
Hala akula kekahi mau anahulu, a hiki maila i mua o Kākuhihewa ka ʻelele a Kūaliʻi no ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana aku iā ia no kahi e kaua ana. Ma ia mua aku, ʻehā manawa i kaua ai ko
Kākuhihewa me ko Kūaliʻi. I nā manawa a pau, hele maila ka ʻelele a Kūaliʻi, hoʻomaopopo aku no kahi e kaua ai, a hoʻomākaukau ʻia maila nā pūkaua a me nā koa. Ua kauoha akula ʻo
Kalelealuaka i kāna mau wāhine e hana i kekahi hana paʻakikī a hoʻopaumanawa hoʻi. Haʻalele akula ʻo ia i ka hale a hele iō Maliuhaaino.
I kona hiki ʻana aku i mua o ua ʻoʻopa lā, kāhiko ʻia maila ʻo Kalelealuaka i nā lei kaulana nona ia ʻāina a Maliuhaaino e hele ʻoʻopa ana no ka hele ʻana i nā kahua kaua i kiu aku ai i ke kaua, ʻo ia nō ʻoe ʻo ke kamaʻāina o ia ʻāina, a ʻaʻole manaʻo iki ʻo Maliuhaaino, ʻo Kalelealuaka nō
ʻo ia. Noi akula ia ilāmuku o Kākuhihewa i ke kamaʻāina (Kalelealuaka) e hāpai iā ia a i ke kahua kaua. No ke kōkua ʻana iā ia hāʻawi ʻia kekahi moku o Oʻahu iā Kalelealuaka. Hāpai aʻela ʻo ia iā
Maliuhaaino a hoʻokau ʻia ʻo ia i luna o ke kahua kaua, kahi i hiki ai iā ia ke ʻike pono aku i ke kaua. A laila, haʻi akula ʻo Kalelealuaka iā ia e nānā a ʻike maka iā ia ma ke kahua e kaua ana.
He wiwo ʻole a ikaika loa nō hoʻi ʻo Kalelealuaka i ka hakakā ʻana i ko Kūaliʻi. Luku wale akula ʻo Kalelealuaka i nā koa. Lālau maila nō ʻo ia i nā pūkaua nui o Kūaliʻi, a pepehi aku a make ihola. Kāʻili ʻia akula nā ʻahuʻula a me nā mahiole o ka pūkaua, a momoku ʻia ihola ka
84 NO KALELEALUAKA pepeiao ʻākau a me kahi manamanalima iki ʻākau. Haʻalele koke akula ʻo ia i ke kahua kaua a hoʻi i ka hale. Hoʻokomo akula ʻo ia i nā ʻahuʻula a me nā mahiole i ka moena, a kau ʻia aʻela nā
ʻāpana kino kanaka i ka paia, a hoʻi ihola ʻo ia i ka moe. A laila, hoʻi hou maila kāna mau wāhine, a ʻike ʻia ʻo ia e moe ana me he mea lā ʻo ka hiamoe wale kā hoʻi kāna i hana ai.
Hoʻi hou maila nā koa o Kākuhihewa mai ke kaua mai, a liki akula nō lākou no ka ʻoi o nā koa, ʻo ia ʻo Keinohoomanawanui. ʻAʻohe o Kākuhihewa hilinaʻi iki i ka manaʻo o kona mau koa, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻo Keinohoomanawanui he koa ikaika ke nānā aku, aia a hoʻi maila ʻo
Maliuhaaino, a laila hoʻi i ʻike ʻia ai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo.
Pō maila ke ao a hōʻea hou maila ʻo Maliuhaaino, a hoʻopololei aku i ka poʻe koa. ʻAʻole kā ʻo Keinohoomanawanui ka ʻoi, ʻo ke kamaʻāina nō hoʻi ia. ʻŌlelo akula ka ilāmuku ʻoʻopa i ke aliʻi, ʻaʻole naʻe maopopo ka inoa o kēlā kamaʻāina, akā, kohu like ia kamaʻāina ikaika loa i kāna hūnōna.14
Pēlā nō hoʻi ka hana ʻehā mau manawa no nā kaua ma waena o Kākuhihewa me Kūaliʻi.
ʻO ke kaua mua, ua kauluwehi ʻia ʻo Kalelealuaka i ka lei poʻo puaniu a me ka lei maile lau liʻi o
Koʻiahi me he mea lā no Waiʻanae nō ʻo ia, a ʻo ia ka moku i hāʻawi ʻia akula iā ia no ke kōkua
ʻana i ka ilāmuku. Aia nō ke kaua ma Kaualua, Moanalua. No ke kaua ʻelua, kāhiko maila ʻo ia i ka lei ʻuki o ʻUkoʻa a me ka hinahina o ke kula o Keālia e like me nā kamaʻāina o Waialua, a ʻo ia nō ka moku i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia no ka halihali ʻana i ka ilāmuku. Aia nō i Kulaokahuʻa ke kaua. No ke kaua ʻekolu, aia nō ma Kulaokahuʻa e like me ke kaua ma mua. I ia manawa, ua pāpahi ʻia ʻo ia i nā lei hala a me ka lei poʻo pua kō o Ahamau, Kahuku e like me ka poʻe no ia ʻāina, a ʻo
Koʻolau nō hoʻi ka moku i lilo iā ia no ka hāpai ʻana i ka ilāmuku.15
14 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 7,” Mei 21, 1870, 1. 15 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka, Ka Ihu Kae-a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i, Helu 8,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Mei 28, 1870, 1.
85 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
ʻO ke kaua ʻehā ka hope loa o nā kaua. Ua ʻano ʻokoʻa iki nā hanana. No ke kaua ʻehā,
ʻaʻole wehewehe ʻia nā lei i hoʻomāhilu ʻia a me ka moku i hāʻawi ʻia. Aia nō ke kaua ma
Kahapaʻakai, Nuʻuanu. Ma hope o ka luku ʻia ʻana mai o nā koa a me ka pūkaua nui o Kūaliʻi, hoʻonoho akula ʻo Kalelealuaka iā Keinohoomanawanui, a nīnau akula ʻo ia “I makapaa kou maka i ke aha?” Pane akula ka makapaʻa o Waiʻanae, “I ku i ka ihe i ke kaua nei ia Olopana,” me ka ʻike ʻole, ʻo Kalelealuaka nō ka mea nāna i hoʻopaʻa iā ia. Ua maopopo leʻa iā Kalelealuaka ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, a pane akula ʻo ia me ka moʻolelo ʻana i ke kumu maoli i makapaʻa ai. Hopu akula ʻo ia i ka wahaheʻe i pepehi iho ai iā ia, a kū aʻela ka ihe a ua wahaheʻe nei i ka ʻuala lima hema o
Kalelealuaka. Hoʻohemo akula ʻo ia i ka ihe koe naʻe ka maka, a moku akula i ke poʻo o
Keinohoomanawanui. Pau ihola ka makapaʻa i ka make.
Ua ʻike akula ʻo Kūaliʻi i ka luku wale ʻana o Kalelealuaka i kona ʻaoʻao, a holo wale akula nō ʻo ia i mea e pakele aku ai, akā ua alualu ʻia ʻo ia e Kalelealuaka. Hopu aʻela ʻo ia i ke aliʻi kipi, a ʻōlelo akula ua kipi nei, “E ola au, a o ka aina a [pn] no Kakuhihewa, a e noho kanaka aku no au malalo o ke’lii, nolaila, e waiho oe i kuu ola, e kuikahi ko maua noho ana, e kipa aku kipa mai, nana ka olelo hoolohe aku au, a pela maua e noho ai a hiki i ko maua make ana.” ʻAe maila ʻo
Kalelealuaka, “Ua pono ia olelo au, ke malama nae oe, aka, i nana mai no au—a e kipi ae ana no oe, kii mai no au ia oe e make, aohe ou mea e ola ai, nolaila ea, e hoi no oe a noho malie, mai hooululu kaua mai oe ma Koolau.”16 A pēlā nō i noho ai ʻo Kūaliʻi ma Koʻolau.
Hele akula ʻo Kalelealuaka iō Maliuhaaino a lawe ʻia ʻo ia i Waikele. Hui pū akula ka ilāmuku me Kākuhihewa, a haʻi akula i ke aliʻi no kāna mea i ʻike mai ai ma ke kahua kaua.
Kauoha akula ʻo ia i ke aliʻi e hoʻouna aku i nā kūkini māmā loa ʻo Keākealani lāua ʻo
Kūhelemoana e holo a puni ʻo Oʻahu, a i ʻākoakoa maila ka poʻe a pau loa, no ka mea, ua
16 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 9,” Iune 7, 1870, 1.
86 NO KALELEALUAKA maopopo leʻa nō iā ia ka mea e ʻiʻike ʻia ai ke koa wiwo ʻole o ke kaua, ʻo ia ka maka ihe i ka ʻuala lima hema i paʻa ihola. Komo maila nā kānaka a pau loa i ka hōʻikeʻike kānaka a Maliuhaaino, akā he ʻole ka loaʻa. Ua mau nō ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ke koa ikaika loa. Hoʻomanaʻo ihola ʻo
Maliuhaaino i nā hiʻohiʻona e like loa ai me ka hūnōna a Kākuhihewa, a paipai akula ʻo ia i ke aliʻi e hele lākou i mua o Kalelealuaka.
I ka hiki ʻana aku o lākou i ka hale o Kalelealuaka, ʻo kona huʻe aʻela nō ia i nā ʻahuʻula a me nā mahiole. ʻEhā kaua, no laila, ʻehā ʻahuʻula a ʻehā mahiole i loaʻa iā ia mai nā pūkaua nui mai o Kūaliʻi. Hōʻaʻahu akula ʻo ia i kāna mau wāhine ʻelua a me Kaluhe, a iā ia iho me kēlā poʻe waiwai i kāʻili ʻia maila ma nā kahua kaua. ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ihola nō ia o lākou a puka ana.
ʻIke akula ʻo Kākuhihewa mā iā Kalelealuaka mā i nā ʻahuʻula a me nā mahiole mai nā kaua mai, a ʻike akula ʻo Maliuhaaino i ka ʻuala o Kalelealuaka, aia i laila ka maka ihe e paʻa ana, a ua ʻike maopopo leʻa nō hoʻi iā lākou, ʻo Kalelealuaka nō ka ʻoi o ke kaua, ʻo ia nō ia koa wiwo ʻole nāna i hoʻopakele i ke aupuni o ka mōʻī. A laila, ʻōlelo akula ʻo Kākuhihewa, “E Kalelealuaka a me a’u kaikamahine hoi, o ke aupuni no ia noho iho, o oukou maluna a owau aku malalo a me na makaainana.” Ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ka ʻāina ma lalo o Kalelealuaka. Nāna hoʻi i lanakila i ke aupuni o Kākuhihewa. Oi noho lākou a pau loa me ka maluhia ma luna o ka ʻāina a hiki loa i ka hāʻule loa ʻana o Kalelealuaka.17
17 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka, Ka Ihu Kae-a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i, Helu 9,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Iune 4, 1870, 4.
87 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
NĀ MANA ʻĒ AʻE
Paʻi hou ʻia akula ka moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka he ʻeiwa mau manawa. ʻEhiku mau mana ma ka ʻōlelo Kanaka, a ʻehā hoʻi ma ka ʻōlelo haole.18 E nānā i ka Pākuʻina U no ka ʻike hou aku,
ʻoiai ʻaʻole nō kēia mokuna he kālailai a hoʻohālikelike hoʻi me nā poʻe mana o kēia moʻolelo.
ʻO kā Kaualilinoe nō ka mana mua loa no Kalelealuaka i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke kākau. No laila paha, mai ka waha o nā kūpuna wale mai nō ia ma mua o ia hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana. Nāna nō paha i palapala i ia moʻolelo ma ka pepa i ka M.H. 1870 e like me kāna i lohe mai ai mai kona mau kūpuna mai nō.
Ua kuhi iki ʻia nō kēia moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka i loko o nā nūpepa ma mua o kona paʻi
ʻia ʻana e like me nā kuko a Keinohoomanawanui mā, akā ʻo kā Kaualilinoe nō hoʻi ka mua e haʻi hou i ka moʻolelo piha ma nā nūpepa. He hōʻailona nō hoʻi ke kuhi nui ʻia ʻana o kēia moʻolelo ua
ʻano laha loa nō paha ia i mua o ke anaina, a mai ka waha mai nō i hoʻowili ʻia aku ai ka moʻolelo.
Ma kahi o ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki ma hope o kā Kaualilinoe paʻi ʻana aku i kāna mana i ʻike ai, paʻi ʻia akula kekahi mana ʻōlelo haole i loko o Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for
18 Thos. G. Thrum, ed., “The Story of Kalelealuaka: A Hawaiian Story,” ma Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1885, trans. Nathaniel B. Emerson (Honolulu: Thos. G. Thrum, 1885), 30–46; Thos. G. Thrum, ka luna hoʻoponopono, “Kalelealuaka,” ma Hawaiian Folk Tales: A Collection of Native Legends, trans. Nathaniel B. Emerson (Honolulu: Thos. G. Thrum, 1907), 74-106; “Kaao Hooniua Puuwai no Kalelealuaka, Ke Kae’ae’a Ihupani o Keahumoe–ka pua i oili mailoko o na ku’e-maka-pali o Kaholokuaiwa–ka hekili kuʻi nei nakolo iloko o Ikuwa,” Ke Au Hou, Iulai 6, 1910, 10-12; Iulai 13, 1910, 10-12; Iulai 20, 1910, 10-12; Iulai 27, 1910, 12-14; Nowemapa 2, 1910, 13-15; Lyle A. Dickey, “Stories of Wailua, Kauai,” ma Twenty-Fifth Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society (Honolulu: Paradise of the Pacific Press, 1916), 19–20; Abraham Fornander, “Legend of Kalelealuaka and Keinohoomanawanui,” ma Memoirs of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History, Puke IV (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1916), 464–70; J. K. Mokumaia, “He Moolelo Hoonanea no Kalelealuaka ame Keinohoomanawanui,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Malaki 3, 1927, 5; Malaki 24, 1927, 5; Malaki 31, 1927, 2; “He Moolelo Kaao Hawaiʻi Kahiko Loa no Kalelealuaka me Keinohoomanawanui; He Kuko ka Hana,” Ke Alakai o Hawaii, Kēkēmapa 27, 1934, 4; Ianuali 1, 1935, 2; “Kalelealuaka a me Keinohoomanawanui,” Ke Alakai o Hawaii, Kēkēmapa 31, 1936, 3.
88 NO KALELEALUAKA
1885.19 ʻAʻole nō i kuhi iki ʻia e Nathaniel B. Emerson, akā he mea akāka loa nō kā Emerson unuhi wale ʻana i ka mana a Kaualilinoe no ke kohu like loa o ka ʻōlelo haole me ka ʻōlelo
Kanaka. ʻAʻole hoʻi i kākau ʻia ʻo Emerson nō ka mea unuhi me he mea lā nāna i kākau, ke nānā aku. E nānā i ka Pākuʻina H e ʻike ai i ka like loa o ka ʻōlelo me kā Emerson unuhi. Ua kāpae ʻia nō naʻe kekahi mau ʻike waiwai loa i loko o kāna unuhina—ʻo kekahi mau wehewehe ʻana no ke kapa inoa ʻana i ka ʻāina, a me nā ʻōlelo noʻeau. Hoʻololi ʻia ihola kekahi mau inoa, penei, ʻo
Niolopua ua lilo ia ʻo Niolokapu. Hoʻopōkole ʻia kekahi mau kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o nā meʻe, a ua kāpae ʻia nō kekahi. ʻO ka ʻōlelo kaena a Kalelealuaka no kona ikaika ma luna o na aliʻi o
Kauaʻi kekahi mea i hoʻopōkole ʻia. Ua kāpae ʻia nō nā hana hoʻolalau a nā wāhine a
Kalelealuaka, a pēlā pū me ka moʻolelo no ka hala ʻana o Kākuhihewa.
Paʻi hou ʻia akula kēia mana a Emerson i unuhi ai i loko o ka puke a Thomas G. Thrum,
ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Hawaiian Folk Tales: A Collection of Native Legends i ka M.H. 1907.20 He puke hōʻahuʻahu moʻolelo Hawaiʻi nō ia. Ua kuhi ʻia i loko o ia puke ʻo ua Emerson lā nō ka mea kākau. Akā, ʻaʻole nō i pololei. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka unuhi wale nō kā Emerson hana, ʻaʻole nāna i kākau i ka moʻolelo. Na J. W. K. Kaualilinoe nō. He hana ʻino nō kēlā i ka mea kākau maoli, no ka mea, me he mea lā he mea ʻole hoʻi ʻo ia. Ma kekahi ʻano, he hana ʻaihue wale ihola ia no ka mahalo ʻole ʻana i ke kumu. ʻEʻole ka mea kākau maoli, ʻike ka mea unuhi i ka moʻolelo. ʻAʻole naʻe kēlā ʻo ka manawa mua loa i huki wale ʻia ai ka moʻolelo mai nā kūpuna Hawaiʻi a paʻi ʻia akula kā lākou mau moʻolelo me ke kuhikuhi pololei ʻole ʻana aku i kēlā poʻe kūpuna nāna i hoʻolako mai i ia poʻe moʻolelo.21 He minamina hoʻi kau!
19 Thrum, ka luna hoʻoponopono, “The Story of Kalelealuaka”, 30-46. 20 Thrum, Hawaiian Folk Tale, 74-106. 21 ʻAʻole nō paha kēia ʻo ka manawa mua loa a Emerson i huki maila i ka hana a kekahi mea kākau ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, unuhi wale aku a paʻi ʻia kēlā mana unuhi ʻia me ke kuhi ʻole ʻana i ke kumu. Ua laha loa ka mana o Pele lāua ʻo Hiʻiaka na Emerson. Ua kuhi akula kekahi poʻe hoʻonaʻauao i ka like loa o kā
89 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
Ma kekahi ʻano, ua like loa nō nā mana a pau no ka moʻolelo o Kalelealuaka koe kekahi mau mea liʻiliʻi i wehewehe pōkole ʻia i ka Pākuʻina U. ʻO kā Kaualilinoe wale nō ka mea i wehewehe i ka moʻokūʻauhau, ʻo ia hoʻi ka moʻolelo no Kaʻōpele. He loina moʻolelo Hawaiʻi nō ka hoʻomaka ʻana me ka moʻokūʻauhau.22 No laila, ʻo ka moʻokūʻauhau paha kekahi mea i ʻoi iki aʻe ai kā Kaualilinoe ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe. Pihaʻū hoʻi kāna i nā meʻe hoihoi loa, nā ʻōlelo noʻeau, a me nā hunahuna ʻike. Mahalo nui ʻia kāna mana no ka moʻolelo ʻana mai no ke kapa inoa ʻana i kekahi mau ʻāina, a me ka moʻolelo no ka hala ʻana o Kākuhihewa. ʻOiai ʻaʻole nānā ʻia ka mana a pau loa i paʻi ʻia i ka M.H. 1927, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo kā Kaualilinoe ka ʻoi ma mua o nā mana ʻē aʻe. Aia a heluhelu pono ʻia nā mana a pau me ke kālailai pono ʻana aku, a laila e ʻike ʻia ai ka ʻoi. Akā, ʻo kaʻu mea e hāpai nei, ʻo kā Kaualilinoe mana nō ka hiapo ma ka moʻokūʻauhau o kēia moʻolelo ma kona ʻano he moʻolelo i kākau ʻia. ʻO kāna nō paha ka mea i waele ʻia ai ke ala no nā mea kākau moʻolelo ʻē aʻe no Kalelealuaka. He keu nō kāna hana a ka maikaʻi, a ua nui
ʻino nā mea waiwai i loko. No ke koena hoʻi o kēia mokuna nei, e nānā a kālailai ʻia kekahi o ia mau mea waiwai e poʻokela ai kā Kaualilinoe mana no Kalelealuaka. E like me kā Kaualilinoe, e hoʻomaka kākou ma ka moʻolelo ʻana no Kaʻōpele.
Emerson me kā M. J. Kapihenui. John P. Charlot, “Pele and Hi‘iaka: The Hawaiian-Language Newspaper Series.,” Anthropos 93 (1998): 55–75; Noenoe K. Silva, “Talking Back to Law and Empire: Hula in Hawaiian-Language Literature in 1861,” ma Law and Empire in the Pacific: Fiji and Hawai‘i, ed. Sally Engle Merry and Donald Brenneis (Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, 2004), 101–21; kuʻualoha hoʻomanawanui, Voices of Fire: Reweaving the Literary Lei of Pele and Hiʻiaka (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2014), xxxiv. Pēia nō hoʻi i hana ai ʻo Emerson lāua ʻo Thrum i kā ʻĪʻī mana no Punaʻaikoaʻe. Marie Alohalani Brown, Facing the Spears of Change: The Life and Legacy of John Papa ʻĪʻī (University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2016), 10-11. 22 “E like ho‘i me ka mea i kuluma i ka Hawai‘i ma ka pō‘aiapili o ka ho‘olauna ‘akahi ‘ana, i ka nui o ka manawa, ‘o ka mo‘okū‘auhau ka meiwi nāna e ‘āwehe a‘e ana i ka mo‘olelo e ‘ike ai ka mea heluhelu ‘o wai: ‘o wai nā mākua, ‘o wai ka ‘āina, ‘o wai ke/nā keiki.” Hiapokeikikāne Kichie Perreira, “He Kiʻina Hoʻokuanaʻike Mauli Hawaiʻi Ma Ke Kālailai Moʻolelo,” ma Hūlili: Multidisciplinary Research on Hawaiian Well-Being, Puke 9 (Honolulu, HI: Kamehameha Publishing, 2013), 67.
90 NO KALELEALUAKA
KAʻŌPELE: KE KEIKI HIAMOE HANU ʻOLE
Ma kēia māhele liʻiliʻi nei, ua maikaʻi paha ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i kekahi mau meʻe hoihoi loa mai ka moʻolelo o Kalelealuaka mai. Ua nui ʻino nā meʻe hoihoi i loko o kēia moʻolelo nei. Ua hōʻike ʻia he 15 mau inoa kanaka a akua paha i loko o ka moʻolelo, akā he kaʻau a ʻoi paha meʻe ʻē aʻe me nā inoa ʻole. E nānā i ka Pākuʻina L no ka papa helu o nā meʻe a pau loa mai ka moʻolelo mai. No kēia māhele kālai meʻe, koho ʻia akula ʻo Kaʻōpele lāua ʻo Maliuhaaino.
ʻO Kaʻōpele ka lūauʻi makuakāne o Kalelealuaka. (E ʻike i ke Kiʻi II.I ma lalo nei no kona moʻokūʻauhau.) Nona hoʻi ka maka mua o ka moʻolelo. He keiki kupaianaha nō ʻo ia no kāna hana puni, ʻo ia ka hiamoe lōʻihi me ka hanu ʻole. I kona wā i hānau ʻia ai kohu mea lā ua make
ʻo ia, ʻaʻole kā. He hiamoe wale hoʻi kāna no kekahi mau malama. Mai ka malama ʻo Ikiiki a i ka malama ʻo ʻIkuā ka lōʻihi o kona hiamoe ʻana, a ma ke koena o ka makahiki, ua ala ʻo ia. He paʻahana nō ʻo ia i kona wā ala i ka hana mahiʻai. He kanaka ʻike i ka hana kaua, a he loea nō ʻo ia i ka lawaiʻa, a he ʻike nō kona i ka hoʻopaʻa heiau ʻana. Na lāua ʻo kāna keiki ʻo Kalelealuaka i hoʻopaʻa i heiau i Kauaʻi. No ia mau ʻike ʻano kūikawā naʻe, ʻaʻole nō i hōʻike ʻia ke kumu nāna i aʻo iā ia. Na kona mau mākua paha ma Waipiʻo? Na kona poʻe hoa lele me ia i kona wā e hiamoe ana? Koe aku ia. Ua kau palena ʻia kēia wehewehe ma laila, na kekahi e hoʻonui hou aku i ka
ʻike.
ʻO ke kumu o kona mana ka manaʻo nui o kēia māhele, no ka mea, ʻo ia kekahi mea ʻano nui i wehewehe ʻole ʻia i ka moʻolelo. Ma koʻu kālailai ʻana aku i kona inoa a me kāna hana i kona wā ala, i ʻupu maila i manaʻo. Ke kuhi nei wau, he mana nō paha ia puni hiamoe hanu ʻole mai kona (mau) akua mai nō. ʻO wai ia (mau) akua? ʻO Pele lāua ʻo Lono paha. Eia mai nō ke kumu o kaʻu e kuhi nei.
91 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
Kiʻi II.I: Ka Moʻokūʻauhau o Kalelealuaka. Ua huki ʻia maila mai ka moʻolelo mai.
Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Kaʻōpele no nā akua o kona mau mākua, ʻo ia hoʻi
ʻo Pele. He mau kānaka hoʻomana nō lāua iā Pele. Ua kamaʻilio aku nō wau me kekahi hoa oʻu nona ka ʻike hohonu no Pele mā, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Kuʻulei Kanahele.23 I ko māua kūkaʻi ʻōlelo ʻana, kuhi maila ʻo ia i ke mele ʻo “Wela Ka Hoku, Ka Malama” mai loko mai o ka mana no
Hiʻiakaikapoliopele i kākau ʻia e M. Kapihenui ma ka nūpepa ʻo Ka Hoku o ka Pakipika.24 Penei nō ke mele, a ua kaha lalo ʻia ka lālani mele e kālele nui ʻia ana. (E nānā i ka Pākuʻina N no ke mele holoʻokoʻa.)
Wela ka hoku, ka malama Wela Makalii kaeole ia Kaulua Kaiehu ka moku, papapa ka aina Haahaa ka lani, kaikoo ka Mauna Ha ka moana, popoi Kilauea He halelo o Papalauahi O mai Pele i ona kino
23 Kuʻulei Kanahele, No Kaʻōpele, He kūkaʻi ʻōlelo me ka mea kākau, Iulai 15, 2020. 24 Ua pili iki nō kekahi mea liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe i loko o ke mele i hōʻike ʻia i luna aʻe nei iā Kaʻōpele. Kuhi iki ʻia nā malama i hiamoe ai ʻo ia mai Ikiiki a i ʻIkuā. A ke ala ʻo ia, nei ke ōlaʻi i ka honua, e like nō me kā ke mele i hōʻike aku ai. ʻO ke ōlaʻi o ka honua kekahi mea e kaulana loa ai ʻo Pele iā ia nō e ʻō mai ana, a ʻike mau ʻia ia ōlaʻi ʻana i ka wā i pau ai ka hiamoe o Kaʻōpele. No laila, ʻo ia paha kekahi mau mea e pili ai lāua. Akā, ʻaʻole nō lawa ka ʻike, a hiki ʻole ke kuhi pono ʻia ka pilina o ia mau lālani iā Kaʻōpele. M. Kapihenui, “Mooolelo no Hiiakaikapoliopele, Helu 19,” Ka Hoku o ka Pakipika, Iulai 3, 1862, 4.
92 NO KALELEALUAKA
No ka huhū o Pele iā Lohiʻau lāua ʻo Hiʻiakaikapoliopele, pepehi aku ana ʻo Pele mā iā
Lohiʻau i ka uhi ʻana aku iā ia ma lalo o ka pele. Ma mua o kona make ʻana, hāpai aʻela ʻo
Lohiʻau i kēia mele i mua o Pele i mihi ai i kona mau hewa, a he mele aloha nō ia iā
Hiʻiakaikapoliopele ma mua o kona pau ʻana i ke ahi. He mele nō kēia no ko Lohiʻau luku wale
ʻia ʻana e Pele, a me kona kaumaha iā Hiʻiakaikapoliopele. ʻOiai ʻaʻole nō kēia māhele he kālailai mele, e kamaʻilio wale ʻia ana nō nā mea e pili ana iā Kaʻōpele.
Ma ka lālani mua i kaha lalo ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo “O mai Pele i ona kino”, ʻōlelo maila ʻo
Kuʻulei Kanahele iaʻu, ʻo “ʻō” paha ka hōʻano hou ʻana, a ʻo ia paha kekahi mea i kapa ʻia ai ʻo
Kaʻōpele. ʻAʻole naʻe i wehewehe koʻu hoa i ka manaʻo nui o ia lālani. Eia nō koʻu manaʻo, ʻo “ʻō”, kohu like paha kona manaʻo me “hou” —hou ke kui, ʻō ka ihe a pēlā wale aku nō. Inā ua like nō, ua ʻō mai nō paha nā kino o Pele, ʻo ka pele a me ke ahi paha mai ka honua mai nō, i mea e pepehi aku ai iā Lohiʻau. ʻŌ nō ʻo Pele i kona mau kino.
Eia kekahi, wahi a Pukui, he hana hula paha ka ʻō e like me ke kāwelu. He ʻō ke kīkala.
Iaʻu nō e noʻonoʻo ana no ia hanana a Pele e luku wale aku ana iā Lohiʻau i ka inaina, ʻo kaʻu e noʻonoʻo nei, ʻo ia ʻo Pele e ʻō (hula) mai ana ma ka lua o Kīlauea me kona mau kino pele a ahi paha i mua o Lohiʻau i kaena aku ai i ka ikaika nui o kona mana. No laila, inā pololei nō paha koʻu manaʻo, he inoa hanohano nō paha ʻo Kaʻōpele i ka mana nui o Pele. ʻO ia nō ke kumu nui i koho ʻia ai ka pela ʻia ʻana o kona inoa me kēia nei—Kaʻōpele.
Wehewehe maila ʻo Kepelino Keauokalani i kekahi hana kapu i hana ʻia e nā kahu pele, penei,
O ta Ma…—Taula [pn], he vahi oihana ia i hoohitiia e haawi i tetahi tanata i hope no te diabolo. Ina he teiti hanau hou, lave no tona matuatane ia ia i ta heiau; a mahope, tii i ta ma…taula, a hele mai ta ma…taula; alaila, pule, a hea atu no i te diabolo i hoi mai e ite i tona hope. Alaila, haavi mai te tahuna nui i ta inoa o ua teiti nei, he inoa tapatapa. A pau ia, hoihoi ma ta hale. A hala elua anahulu po, (oia na la evalu,) alaila, lave hou imua o ta heiau, ilaila e tahe ai ta mai o ua teiti nei, me na lepa teoteo, me ta moa uatea i mohai, ta
93 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
niu, ta maia, ta ia ula. A pau ia, tapa mai ta inoa maoli o ua teiti nei, i inoa hea mau ia; he inoa tu pule na. Pela ta hana. A o ia hana, pili me na tahuna tii a pau, a me na tahu pele. A o ua teiti nei, ua lilo i teiti tapu. A o ta ite, a me ta mana a pau loa o te diabolo, ua pili loa me ua teiti nei.25
ʻAʻole nō i hōʻike ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo, he mau kahu Pele nā mākua o Kaʻōpele, a ʻaʻole hōʻike
ʻia kēia ʻano hana kapa inoa. ʻO kēia wale nō kaʻu e hoʻohuoi nei. Inā ua hana ʻia nō, malia paha
ʻo ia paha ke kumu i loaʻa ai iā Kaʻōpele kēia ʻano mana kupaianaha loa, no ka mea, wahi a
Kepelino, aia ka ʻike a me ka mana i ke keiki i kapa ʻia ma ka inoa o kona akua. Ke kapa ʻia ʻo
Kaʻōpele no kona akua, hoʻomana ʻia nō ʻo ia i ka ʻike o Pele.
Hōʻoia hou ʻia maila kēia manaʻo no ke kapa inoa ʻana e Pukui. Kuhi maila ʻo ia, “The name given by the aumakua shows a relationship between the god and the person named.”26 Ua pili nō kona manaʻo no nā inoa hoʻomanaʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi ka inoa i kapa ʻia ai kekahi keiki e hoʻomanaʻo ai a e hoʻohanohano ai iā haʻi—ʻo ka ʻaumakua paha, ʻo ke akua paha, ʻo ke kupuna paha a pēlā wale aku nō. Malia paha, ma muli hoʻi o kā nā mākua hoʻomana ʻana iā Pele, he pilina kā lāua keiki iā ia, a pēlā paha i loaʻa ai iā ia ka mana a me ka ʻike a me ka mana kupaianaha.
He pili nō ʻo Kaʻōpele i kona akua ʻo Pele, ua akāka nō hoʻi ia. No laila, maiā Pele mai nō paha ka mana hiamoe lōʻihi hanu ʻole? ʻO ia paha, ʻaʻole paha. ʻAʻole nō i lawa ka ʻike. Akā, ʻo kekahi akua ʻē aʻe i noʻonoʻo ai wau, ʻo ia ʻo Lonomakua. ʻAʻole nō ʻo ia i kuhi iki ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka, akā, i koʻu kālailai ʻana i ka moʻolelo o Kaʻōpele, ua ʻano pili paha.
He akua ʻo Lonomakua pili i ka wā Makahiki. Ehā malama o ka wā Makahiki. Ma ia wā nō e hoʻi hou mai ai ʻo Lono i Hawaiʻi, a me ia nō e lawe ʻia ai ka ua i Hawaiʻi nei. I ka wā
25 Aia nō kēia ma ka Hale Waihona Puke ʻo Hamilton. Kepelino (Tepelino) Keauokalani (Teauotalani), “Ta Ma…Taula,” Pepa 1, Hooiliili Havaii, ʻAukake 1858. 26 Mary Kawena Pukui, E. W. Haertig, a me Catherine A. Lee, Nānā I Ke Kumu: Look to the Source, Puke I (Hui Hānai, 1972), 95.
94 NO KALELEALUAKA kahiko, ua nui ʻino nā hana i hana ʻia i ka wā Makahiki. ʻO kekahi hana nui a koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia nō ke kaʻapuni ʻana aku a ke akua loa ʻo Lonomakua i ka mokupuni. Ma kona kaʻapuni ʻana, hoʻokupu maila nā kānaka i nā ʻano mea waiwai like ʻole i ke akua loa (a me nā aliʻi) i pono ai ka ʻoihana mahiʻai no nā kānaka i ka makahiki hou, ʻo ia hoʻi e lawa ana ka ua a me nā mea ʻai e loaʻa ana.27
He pilina paha ko Lonomakua lāua ʻo Kaʻōpele. Ala aʻela ʻo Kaʻōpele mai kāna hana puni
ʻo ka hiamoe i ʻIkuā, a ʻo ia nō ka malama like e hoʻomaka ai ka Makahiki a me ka hoʻi hou ʻana mai o Lono. (E nānā i ke Kiʻi II.II). Eia kekahi, he pili nō ʻo Lono a me ka wā Makahiki i ka
ʻoihana mahiʻai, a i loko o ka moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka, he loea nō ʻo Kaʻōpele i ka ʻoihana mahiʻai.
Kiʻi II.II: Hoʻokahi Makahiki o ka Poʻe Hawaiʻi, wahi a Davida Malo. Hōʻike ʻia ka wā ala o Kaʻōpele, mai ʻIkuā a hiki i Ikiiki, a ma loko o ia wā ka Makahiki.28 Eia hou aku, wahi a Mary Kawena Pukui, he mamo na Pele mā, he makuakāne ʻo
Lonomakua no Pele, a ua like nō a like kēia makuakāne o Pele me ke akua loa o ka Makahiki. No laila hoʻi, he ala nō paha ʻo Lonomakua e pili ai ʻo Kaʻōpele me Pele.29 Malia paha, ua kapa akula nā mākua o Kaʻōpele iā ia no ko lāua (mau) akua, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Pele a me nā lālā o kona ʻohana.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻo Kaʻōpele ʻo ka meʻe nui loa o kēia moʻolelo, nāna hoʻi i hoʻokahua i ka moʻolelo. Ma muli hoʻi o kona mana nui i ikaika kupaianaha ai kāna keiki ʻo Kalelealuaka. Eia kekahi, hiki nō i nā mākua o kēia au ke nānā iā Kaʻōpele ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻohālike mai nā moʻolelo kahiko mai nō no ko lākou ʻano makua ʻana. Ma mua o ka hānau ʻia ʻana o kāna keiki ʻo
27 Davida Malo, The Moʻolelo Hawaiʻi of Davida Malo: Ka ‘Ōlelo Kumu, ka luna hoʻoponopono. Jeffrey Lyon, Puke 1, (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2020), 393-423. 28 Malo, 183, 395. 29 E. S. Craighill Handy, Elizabeth Green Handy, a me Mary Kawena Pukui, Native Planters in Old Hawaii: Their Life, Lore, & Environment (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1991), 338.
95 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
Kalelealuaka, ua hana nō ʻo Kaʻōpele e like nō me kāna i makemake ai. Ua neʻe ʻo ia mai kahi
ʻāina a kahi ʻāina aku. Ua lilo nō ʻo ia i kāna hana punahele ʻo ka hiamoe. Akā, ke hānau ʻia maila kāna keiki, ua noho paʻa ʻo ia ma hoʻokahi ʻāina me kona ʻohana. Ua pau nō kāna puni i ka hiamoe. Nāna hoʻi i aʻo aku iā Kalelealuaka i ka ʻike a pau loa āna i ʻike ai. He makua kūpono maoli nō ʻo Kaʻōpele no ka pono o kāna keiki. No ia kumu, hoʻomākaukau ʻia ia kālailai meʻe i luna aʻe nei i mahalo aku ai iā ia.
MALIUHAAINO: KA ILĀMUKU ʻOʻOPA
I loko o kēia mana o Kalelealuaka, ua kū aʻela kekahi meʻe hoihoi loa. ʻO ia hoʻi ka ilāmuku ʻoʻopa ʻo Maliuhaaino o ke aliʻi nui ʻo Kākuhihewa. No ia hoihoi nō i koho ʻia ai ʻo ia no kēia māhele kālailai meʻe nei. ʻO kona kūlana a me kona pilina i ke aliʻi ʻo Kākuhihewa ka mea e kālele nui ʻia. He mea nui paha kēia kālailai meʻe, no ka mea, ʻaʻole paha nui ka ʻike e pili ana i nā ilāmuku o ka wā kahiko. ʻO wai lākou? He aha ko lākou kuleana? Pehea i lilo ai kekahi i ilāmuku? Pehea kā lākou pilina i ke aliʻi nui? Aia a huli aku i loko o nā nūpepa e pane ʻia ai ia poʻe nīnau. Hōʻike ʻia maila e Kaualilinoe kekahi mau manaʻo no ka ilāmuku o ka wā kahiko e pane ai i ia poʻe nīnau i luna aʻe nei.
Wahi a Pukui i wehewehe mai ai, he “Executive officer, marshal, sheriff” ka manaʻo nui o kēia mea he ilāmuku.30 Akā naʻe, ma loko o kā Lorrin Andrews puke wehewehe, he manaʻo hou paha kāna i kuhi maila, ʻo ka ilāmuku ka mea nāna i hoʻokō pono i nā ʻōlelo a pau loa a ke aliʻi.31
30 n. Executive officer, marshal, sheriff. (PPN ʻilaamuku.) Mary Kawena Pukui lāua ʻo Samuel H. Elbert, Hawaiian Dictionary: Hawaiian-English, English-Hawaiian, (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1986), 97. 31 “1. An officer whose business it was to enforce the orders of a chief, or of a judge. 2. An executioner; a destroyer. Kanl. 16:18. 3. An executive officer. 1 Oihl. 23:4. 4. In modern times, a marshal; a sheriff.” Lorrin Andrews lāua ʻo Henry H Parker, A Dictionary of the Hawaiian Language (Honolulu, HI: The Board of Commissioners of Public Archives of the Territory of Hawaii, 1922), 221.
96 NO KALELEALUAKA
ʻO kā Andrews nō paha ka manaʻo no ke kūlana ʻo Maliuhaaino. Ma kona ʻano he ilāmuku, ʻo ia nō ka mea nāna i hoʻokō mau i ka ʻōlelo kauoha a Kākuhihewa. Kauoha aʻela ke aliʻi, maliu maila ka ilāmuku. ʻO ia paha kekahi kumu nui o ko Maliuhaaino inoa—he maliu haʻa nō i kona aliʻi. He mau nō hoʻi ka noʻonoʻo ʻia no ka manaʻo nui o kēia hua ʻōlelo ʻo “ino” i kona inoa.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi loa o Maliuhaaino, he ʻoʻopa nō ʻo ia, ʻo ia hoʻi he pilikia nō ko kona mau wāwae i ka hele wāwae ʻana. ʻIke ʻia nō hoʻi i loko o ka moʻolelo ke ʻano o kona holo ʻoʻopa
ʻana, he pupū nō ka holo ʻana. Iā ia nō e alakaʻi ana iā Kalelealuaka mā i ko lākou iho ʻana mai
Kahalepōʻai, Waipiʻo a hiki i Koʻolina, ua haʻalele akula ʻo Kalelealuaka iā lākou, a mālama i ka hana ʻoki poepoe i uka loa o Halemano, a pau a hoʻi maila a mau nō hoʻi ko lākou iho ʻana. I ka wā e mālama ʻia ana ke kaua a Kākuhihewa mā lāua ʻo Kūaliʻi mā, ua pono nō ua ʻoʻopa nei e haʻalele ma mua loa o ka maka mua o ke kaua o hala auaneʻi ke kaua iā ia.
ʻAʻole akāka loa ke kumu i ʻoʻopa ai ʻo ia; pēlā paha ʻo ia i hānau ʻia ai, a i ʻole ʻo ia paha kekahi hopena o ke kaua a pilikia paha. Wahi a Abraham Fornander, inā hehi ʻia ke kānāwai a ke akua o ka ʻoihana lua, ʻo ka ʻoʻopa nō hoʻi ka hoʻopaʻi.32 ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ke akamai me ka ʻole paha o Maliuhaaino i ka ʻoihana lua, akā ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokō ʻōlelo a ke aliʻi, he pono nō paha ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻoihana lua i mea e hoʻokō ai i nā ʻano ʻōlelo like ʻole. A no ia mau ʻike paha i lilo ai ʻo ia i ilāmuku ma lalo o Kākuhihewa.33
Ua pili loa nō ʻo ia iā Kākuhihewa. Ua hilinaʻi nui ʻo Kākuhihewa iā ia, a hōʻoia ʻia ia hilinaʻi ma muli o kona mau kuleana. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻouna ʻia akula ʻo ia i uka i kiʻi mai ai iā
Kalelealuaka mā. ʻO ia ilāmuku ʻoʻopa ka mea mua a ko Kākuhihewa ʻaoʻao nāna i launa mua
32 Abraham Fornander, Memoirs of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History, Puke VI, (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1920), 151. 33 ʻAʻole nō i ʻike ʻia ka pono me ka ʻole o ke ʻano ʻoʻopa i mea e lilo ai i ilāmuku i mua o ke aliʻi, koe aku ia. Na kekahi paha e hoʻomāhuahua hou aku i ka ʻike e waiho mai nei no nā ilāmuku o ke au kahiko.
97 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI me ia keiki kupaianaha. Nona hoʻi ke kuleana e hoʻolalelale aku iā Kalelealuaka mā e hoʻi hou mai i kai aku i kahi o Kākuhihewa. E hoʻomanaʻo ē e kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu, e hopohopo nui ana ʻo Kalelealuaka mā no ka lohe ʻia o kā lāua kuko e ke aliʻi. Ua manaʻo lāua e pepehi ʻia ana lāua e ke aliʻi. No laila, ua pono nō ia ilāmuku e hōʻike i ka manaʻo pepehi ʻole o ke aliʻi.
Eia kekahi mea e koʻikoʻi ai kona kuleana kiʻi iā Kalelealuaka mā, ʻo ka mea nui o ia kiʻi
ʻana, i lilo ʻo Kalelealuaka ʻo ia ka mea nāna i hoʻopakele i ke aupuni o Kākuhihewa i ka luku wale ʻia ʻana e Kūaliʻi mā. Inā ʻaʻole ʻo Maliuhaaino i hoʻolalelale pono aku iā ia, e pau ana nō ʻo
Kākuhihewa mā i ka luku wale ʻia. Inā hoʻouna ʻia kekahi mau kānaka a hoʻopūʻiwa a hoʻohuhū akula iā Kalelealuaka mā, ʻaʻole paha lākou e hui me ke aliʻi nui. No laila, ua pono nō ka mea i hilinaʻi nui ʻia e hele a kiʻi iā lākou.
ʻIke ʻia nō hoʻi ka pilina koʻikoʻi o ua ʻoʻopa nei i kona aliʻi. Ma kahi o ka hāpai ʻia a me ka lawe ʻia ʻana e nā kānaka, hele akula ʻo ia me kona wāwae ʻoʻopa ma kona ala ponoʻī a hiki loa i ke kahua kaua. He hōʻailona paha kēlā no kona aloha nui i ke aliʻi no ka hele ʻana i nā kaua ma ke ʻano he mau maka kiu kaua.
Eia hou aku kekahi mea hoihoi no ke kūlana o Maliuhaaino, ka ilāmuku. Iā ia nō e hele
ʻoʻopa ana, hui pū maila ʻo ia me kekahi malihini i kāhiko ʻia i nā lei kaulana o ka ʻāina. ʻO
Kalelealuaka nō ia malihini, akā no kona lei ʻia i kēlā poʻe lei, ua ʻano hoʻonalonalo ʻia ihola ʻo ia.
No laila, ʻaʻole nō i akāka loa ka manaʻo o Maliuhaaino. ʻOiai e hele ana ka malihini i ke kahua kaua no ka hoʻouka ʻana i ke kaua, noi ʻia akula ʻo Kalelealuaka e lawe i ka ʻoʻopa i laila. No ia hana lokomaikaʻi a ka malihini (Kalelealuaka), hāʻawi akula ʻo Maliuhaaino i kekahi moku o
Oʻahu iā ia. Pēlā nō ka hana no ʻekolu mau manawa a hāʻawi ʻia akula ʻo Waiʻanae, Waialua a me Koʻolau iā Kalelealuaka. Lawe ʻia akula ʻo ia i kahi kiʻekiʻe i uka o ke kahua kaua i hiki iā ia ke nānā i ke kahua kaua, a laila, nānā akula ʻo ia i ka luku wale ʻana aku o ia malihini i ko Kūaliʻi
ʻaoʻao. Pau ke kaua, a hoʻi hou akula ʻo Maliuhaaino e hoʻomaopopo aku i kona aliʻi e pili ana i ke
98 NO KALELEALUAKA kaua āna i ʻike maka ai. Haʻi ana ʻo ia e pili ana i ka malihini nāna ʻo ia i lawe i ke kahua kaua a me kāna hana luku, a no ia luku ʻana i lanakila ai ʻo Kākuhihewa mā. Hoʻomaopopo akula nō ʻo ia iā Kākuhihewa no kona hāʻawi ʻana aku i ia malihini i ka ʻāina no kona lokomaikaʻi, a ʻae koke maila ʻo Kākuhihewa. Penei nō ke kamaʻilio ʻana o lāua, “ʻua haawi aku nei au (Maliuhaaino) ia
Waianae a lilo no ua koa la, no ka hapai ana ia’u.’ ‘Ua lilo ia,’ wahi a ke’lii.”
I koʻu heluhelu ʻana i kēlā wahi manaʻo, ua ʻano pūʻiwa ka naʻau i ka hāʻawi wale ʻana aku o Maliuhaaino i ka ʻāina o kona aliʻi iā haʻi. Me he mea lā ua ʻano nui ka mana o Maliuhaaino i hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi wale aku nō i ka ʻāina me ke kamaʻilio mua ʻole i kona aliʻi. He kuleana paha kēlā o ka ilāmuku? ʻO ia paha, ʻaʻole paha. Malia paha, no ko Kākuhihewa hilinaʻi nui i kona ilāmuku, pēlā nō paha ka pilina a lāua.
ʻO kekahi kuleana nui paha o ka ilāmuku, ʻo ia nō ka lilo ʻana ʻo ia nā maka o ke aliʻi. I kā
Kaualilinoe mana o ka moʻolelo, ʻaʻole nō i hele kino ʻo Kākuhihewa i ke kaua, hoʻouna wale akula nō ʻo ia i kona poʻe koa. Hele akula nō naʻe ʻo Maliuhaaino i hiki iā ia ke kiu i ke kaua, a hoʻi maila i mua o kona aliʻi e hoʻomaopopo akula iā ia no kāna mea i ʻike maka ai. ʻO
Maliuhaaino nō nā maka o Kākuhihewa. Nāna nō hoʻi i haʻi akula iā ia i ka hopena o ke kaua, nā mea make, nā mea lanakila, nā mea ola, nā koa wiwo ʻole a ia ʻano mea hou aku—he nūhou nui a koʻikoʻi ia. No kona kuleana nui i mua o ke aliʻi, he hōʻailona nō ia no ko Kākuhihewa hilinaʻi nui ʻana aku iā ia, a malia paha he kuleana nō ia no ka poʻe ilāmuku i ka wā kahiko.
Ma kēia kālailai meʻe pōkole, ua ʻike ʻia nā kuleana nui a koʻikoʻi o ka ilāmuku i ka wā kahiko i mua o nā aliʻi. Ma kekahi ʻano, ua hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano mana nui o ka ilāmuku. Ma kekahi
ʻano, noʻonoʻo paha kekahi mau kānaka no ka mana nui o nā aliʻi, aia wale nō i ke aliʻi ka mana.
Akā, ʻaʻole paha pēlā. I loko o nā moʻolelo kahiko, hōʻike ʻia nō ka hilinaʻi nui o nā aliʻi i kona poʻe i mua ona. ʻEʻole lākou, paʻa ka mana o ke aliʻi. No laila, he laʻana nō kēia no ke ʻano alakaʻi o ka poʻe kahiko o Hawaiʻi nei—hilinaʻi nui ke aliʻi i kona poʻe, a hilinaʻi ka poʻe i ko lākou aliʻi. He
99 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI haʻawina nui nō kēlā na kākou i kēia mau lā, no ka mea, ua ʻokoʻa loa nō nā alakaʻi o ke aupuni i kēia mau lā. Ma kekahi ʻano, ua ʻane pau ka hilinaʻi o ka poʻe i ko kākou poʻe alakaʻi. A ma kekahi
ʻano, ʻaʻohe hilinaʻi o ka poʻe alakaʻi i ko lākou poʻe. E aho paha kākou e nānā iā hope i nā moʻolelo kahiko i hiki iā kākou ke mālama a hoʻomau i kēia pilina i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka hilinaʻi.
Pēlā paha kākou e ola pono ai ma kēia au ʻīnea a kūlanalana paha.
O KA WAIWAI IHO LA NO IA O KA HALE
Eia nō hoʻi kākou ma ka hapa o kēia moʻolelo nei, a ke lana mai nei kuʻu manaʻo, ke ʻike
ʻia nei ka waiwai o ka hale a Kaualilinoe i kūkulu maila. Eia hou mai kekahi mau mea waiwai hou aku. I koʻu heluhelu ʻana i kā Kaualilinoe mana no Kalelealuaka, ua ʻike ʻia akula kekahi ʻano kaila kākau āna i kū pinepine, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo “ʻo ka memeʻa hunekuhi la” a me kekahi mau ʻano
ʻokoʻa iki ona.34 He 77 mau laʻana i ʻohiʻohi ʻia maila mai loko mai o ka moʻolelo o Kalelealuaka.
(E nānā i ka Pākuʻina P.) Eia mai nō nā analula ʻano ʻekolu a Kaualilinoe i hoʻohana nui ai i kona kaila kākau:
ʻO kaʻi memeʻa hunekuhi la nō ia o piko (ʻo) ko piko memeʻa la nō ia ʻO kaʻi memeʻa hunekuhi la nō ia o piko, (a) painu ana
ʻO ka mea mua i hōʻike ʻia, ʻo ia paha ka mea laha loa ma waena o nā haumāna ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi.
Kākaʻikahi nō paha nā mea ʻelua ʻē aʻe.
34 I koʻu wā laepua, ʻo “ʻO ka V-Dir-La” ka inoa no kēia analula i hele a laha loa ma waena o nā kumu a me nā haumāna. ʻO verb ka manaʻo nui no kēlā “V”, a ʻo Directional (hunekuhi) ka manaʻo nui o kēlā “Dir.” Ke hāpai ʻia aʻe nei kēia manaʻo, ʻo “memeʻa” ma kahi o “verb,” no ka mea, ʻokoʻa ka “verb,” a ʻokoʻa iki ka “memeʻa.” I ka manaʻo haole, ʻaʻole paha ʻo “wahine” he verb, he noun nō ia. Akā, hiki nō paha ke ʻōlelo ʻia, “Ua hele wau i ka ʻaha mele, a ʻo ka wahine maila nō ia oʻu.” No laila hoʻi, ʻaʻole paha ʻo “V” no ia mea he verb ka mea kūpono ma loko o kēia ʻano pilina ʻōlelo, e aho paha ʻo “memeʻa.”
100 NO KALELEALUAKA
Inā makeʻe paha kākou e huaʻi aʻe i ka inoa maoli o kēia mea kākau ʻo J. W. K.
Kaualilinoe, hiki paha ke kālailai ʻia nā mea kākau i hoʻohuoi ʻia ʻo ia paha ʻo Kaualilinoe. A ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i kā Kaualilinoe kaila me ke kaila a ia mau moho, a laila, hiki paha ke kuhi
ʻia no ka like paha o ke kaila. ʻAʻole naʻe kēlā ʻo kaʻu mea nui ma kēia māhele nei, ʻo ka mea kā
Kaualilinoe kaila kākau i kēia analula.
Ke kuhi nei wau he mea nui a waiwai loa hoʻi kā Kaualilinoe mau laʻana maikaʻi no kēia analula ʻo “ʻo ka memeʻa hunekuhi la” no nā haumāna a me nā kumu o ka ʻōlelo Kanaka. Ma loko o kēia māhele liʻiliʻi nei, e nānā ʻia a e kālailai ʻia ana kekahi mau ʻano like a ʻokoʻa iki paha no kēia analula. Eia kekahi, ʻo kekahi kumu nui o koʻu nānā ʻana i kēia analula, no ka mea, mai ka wā mua mai nō i aʻo mai ai i kēia wahi analula nei i nā papa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, paʻakikī loa ihola koʻu ʻaʻapo ʻana. Ke lana mai nei koʻu manaʻo, ma o kēia kālailai ʻia ʻana o kēia analula e ʻano paʻa ai ia ma ka papa o koʻu naʻau, a pēia pū hoʻi kuʻu manaʻolana e hoʻākāka hou aku ai i kēia analula no nā haumāna ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi ʻē aʻe.
Ma mua o ka luʻu koke ʻana i nā laʻana a Kaualilinoe, he maikaʻi paha ka wehewehe iki
ʻana i kēia analula. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻaʻole paha i aʻo ʻia kēia analula i nā haumāna a hiki i ka
Makahiki 3 o ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi. ʻAʻole aʻo ʻia i loko o nā puke aʻo ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi ʻo Nā Kai ʻEwalu,
Ka Lei Haʻaheo, a me Spoken Hawaiian.35 Hoʻokahi wale nō laʻana i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka puke o
Hawaiian Grammar, akā ʻaʻole nō i wehewehe iki ʻia.36 No laila hoʻi, ma ka Makahiki 3 o ka ʻōlelo
35 Kauanoe Kamanā and William H. Wilson, Nā Kai ʻEwalu: Beginning Hawaiian Lessons, Puke 1, (Hilo: Hale Kuamoʻo, 2012); Kauanoe Kamanā and William H. Wilson, Nā Kai ʻEwalu: Beginning Hawaiian Lessons, Puke 2, (Hilo: Hale Kuamoʻo, 2012); Alberta Pualani Hopkins, Ka Lei Haʻaheo: Beginning Hawaiian (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1992); Samuel H. Elbert, Spoken Hawaiian (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1970). 36 Mary Kawena Pukui lāua ʻo Samuel H. Elbert, Hawaiian Grammar (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1979), 140.
101 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
Hawaiʻi, haku wale nō ke kumu i nā laʻana e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ai. I kekahi manawa hoʻi, mai nā puke a me nā nūpepa mai nō i huki ʻia mai ai nā laʻana i aʻo aku ai i kāna poʻe haumāna.
Eia mai nō ke analula e like me ke ʻano i aʻo ʻia iaʻu (a me nā haumāna he nui paha):
ʻO kaʻi memeʻa hunekuhi la nō ia o piko…
ʻO ka manaʻo nui, he hopena nō kēia hana i hana koke ʻia ma hope pono o kekahi hana ma mua.
I loko o ka puke hou i kapa ʻia ihola ʻo He Papa Kuhikuhi Pilinaʻōlelo, penei i wehewehe ʻia ai:
The sequence ʻo ka painu dir la nō ia o ABC, also called ʻo ka v-dir-la, expresses an action happening in the past immediately after (whatever was related prior to this expression). dir is any hunekuhi (directional). The possessive particle is always o, not a. The subject of the phrase follows o. The expression is common in moʻolelo (stories).37
E nānā mua kākou i kekahi mau laʻana mai kā Kaualilinoe mai i kū i kēia analula i akāka ai kona manaʻo.
I ko laua nei hoea ana aku ma kahi ahui mamua pono mai o ko laua hale, o ka ike mai 1 la no ia o ka makuahine, uwe ae la oia me ka leo nui e like me ka mea mau o Hawaii nei.38
Ma kēia laʻana i luna aʻe nei, ala aʻela ko Kaʻōpele hiamoe kupaianaha a kiʻi ʻia maila ʻo ia e kona makuakāne i hoʻihoʻi ʻia akula i ka hale, kahi a kona makuahine e noho ana. Hiki akula lāua i ka hale, a ʻike koke akula ka makuahine i kāna keiki ola.
Kū paha kēlā laʻana i ke ʻano maʻamau i maopopo i nā haumāna. Eia mai kekahi laʻana
ʻokoʻa iki.
Mahope iho, hai mai la ua keiki nei i na makua, i ka i ana mai, “O keia mea kupanaha a 2 olua e ike nei ia'u, he puni na'u ka hiamoe. Ina wau e hoomaka ana e moe, o ko'u hele koke aku la no ia me Poliahu ma i ke ao lele.”39
37 Anita Bardwell mā, He Papa Kuhikuhi PilinaʻŌlelo: Reference Grammar of the Hawaiian Language (Maui: https://hawaiian-grammar.org/, 2020), https://hawaiian-grammar.org/, 148-149. 38 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 1,” ʻApelila 09, 1870, 1. 39 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 1,” ʻApelila 09, 1870, 1.
102 NO KALELEALUAKA
ʻIke ʻia ma kēia laʻana, i hākālia nō a pani nā maka o Kaʻōpele i ka hiamoe, lele koke aʻela kona ʻuhane mai kona kino mai me Poliʻahu mā i ke ao lele. Ma kēia laʻana, ua ʻano like loa nō me ke analula maʻamau. ʻO ke kaʻi nonoʻa ka mea e ʻokoʻa ai, ʻo ia hoʻi he k-possessive. Ma ke analula maʻamau, hoʻopili ʻia ka piko me ka ʻami nonoʻa “o,” i kapa pinepine ʻia he k-less possessive.
ʻAʻole paha i aʻo nui ʻia kēia ʻano i nā papa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, akā inā maopopo leʻa i ka haumāna ka pilinaʻōlelo, a paʻa iā ia nā lula kaʻi nonoʻa me nā lula ʻami nonoʻa, he maʻalahi loa paha ka ʻaʻapo
ʻana i kēia ʻano ʻē aʻe. E nānā i ka pākuhi o lalo nei i hoʻākāka hou aku ai.
Ke ʻAno ʻAmi Nonoʻa Ke ʻAno Kaʻi Nonoʻa ʻO kaʻi memeʻa hunekuhi la nō ia o piko (ʻo) ko piko memeʻa hunekuhi la nō ia
…o ka ike mai la no ia o ka makuahine… …o ko ka makuahine ike mai la no ia…
…o ko'u hele koke aku la no ia me Poliahu …o ka hele koke aku la no ia o’u me Poliahu ma i ke ao lele. ma i ke ao lele.
… huli hou aku la keia luku i kela aoao. Ke-he-he, kohu aha la ke kanaka i kona lima, he mea haehae wale ia no, a me he mea la, “O Haehae ka manu ke ale nei ka wai.” Ko ia 3 nei luku mai la no ia i na koa o Kualii, a loaa aku la kekahi pu kaua o Kualii, a pa a make no iaia nei, a lawe ae la keia i ka ahuula a me ka mahiole, a momoku ae la keia i ka pepeiao akau a me kahi lima iki akau, a pea ae la no keia heo ana.40
No kēia laʻana, ua kohu like loa nō ia me ka helu ʻelua i wehewehe ʻia iho nei. ʻO ka mea
ʻokoʻa iki, ʻo ia ka hāʻule ʻana o “ʻo” ma ka mua o ka hopunaʻōlelo. ʻAʻole paha akāka loa ka mea nāna i hoʻohāʻule ʻo Kaualilinoe paha, a i ʻole na ka hale paʻi nūpepa paha i kāpae wale aku. Akā, i loko o kā Kaualilinoe, he nui wale nō nā laʻana “ʻo” ʻole ma ke ʻano kaʻi nonoʻa, ʻaʻole nō ma ke
ʻano he ʻami nonoʻa. Malia paha, he kāpae wale nō kēia i ka “ʻo”, no ka mea, ʻaʻole nō ʻokoʻa ka manaʻo ke loaʻa ka “ʻo” me ka “ʻo” ʻole. Ma ka walaʻau ʻana i ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, hāʻule mau ka
“ʻo”, a ʻaʻole ia he mea e hoʻololi ai i ka manaʻo nui.
40 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 7,” Mei 21, 1870, 1.
103 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
ʻO kekahi mea ʻokoʻa loa ma ia laʻana, ʻaʻohe pepeke painu ma mua e hoʻolauna ana i ia hopena i hana koke ʻia ma hope pono. Malia paha, ua ʻokoʻa ka manaʻo nui o ia ʻano pepeke, a
ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka manaʻo nui o ka pepeke maʻamau. Ke kuhi aʻe nei wau, ʻo ka manaʻo nui o ia laʻana i luna aʻe nei, ʻo ia paha kēia, ua luku wale ʻia nō nā koa a pau e Kalelealuaka, a ʻo ka luku wale nō kāna hana, ʻaʻohe hana hou aku koe ka luku. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kaʻu mea e kuhi nei ma kēia māhele liʻiliʻi, ua nui nā laʻana nō kēia analula i kapa ʻia ʻo “ʻo ka memeʻa (V) dir-la nō ia,” a ʻaʻole nō like a like ka manaʻo i loko nō o ka like a like o ke kaʻina hua ʻōlelo. ʻO ia nō kekahi mea e makaʻala ai i ke ʻano ʻana i ka pilina ʻōlelo a me nā analula o hele wale auaneʻi nā haumana ma hoʻokahi ala. Lana aʻe kuʻu manaʻo, he wahi hoʻonui ʻike wale nō kēia e kuhikuhi nei i nā ʻano ala like ʻole.
Oi noho aku no hoi keia me na makua, a kukui ia mai ana ka ikaika o kekahi kanaka, no 4 Hanalei, aole no keia i hai aku i na makua i kona manao, aka, o ke ku ae la no ia hele ana, a hiki ana i Hanalei.41
ʻElua ʻano mea hoihoi no kēia laʻana i luna aʻe nei. ʻO ka mea mua, he hōʻole ka pepeke painu ma mua. Kākaʻikahi paha kēia, aia a huli aku i nā laʻana a laila hoʻi i ʻike ʻia ai ka nui a me ka liʻiliʻi. Akā, ke ʻōlelo ʻia nei ia laʻana, ʻaʻole nō i hana ʻia i kekahi mea, akā ua hana koke ʻia nō kekahi hana ma hope pono o ia hana i hana ʻole ʻia.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia nō ko Kaualilinoe hoʻohana nui ʻana i kekahi pepeke painu me ka māka “ana” ma hope pono. Ua ʻano nui nā laʻana a Kaualilinoe i waiho ai i loko o kāna mau moʻolelo. Malia paha, he mana ʻokoʻa iki nō paha kēia no kēia ʻano pepeke “ʻo ka memeʻa
(V) dir-la nō ia.” He hopena a hana nō paha ia pepeke painu māka ana ma hope pono o ka hana i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he “ʻo ka memeʻa (V) dir-la nō ia.”
41 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 4,” ʻApelila 30, 1870, 1.
104 NO KALELEALUAKA
Ma ka laʻana i luna aʻe nei, ma hope pono o kā Kalelealuaka kū ʻana i luna, hele koke ʻo ia a hiki aku i Hanalei. ʻAʻole nō ʻo ia i hana i kekahi mea ma waho o ka hele pololei ʻana i
Hanalei. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka “painu ana,” ʻaʻole paha huikau iki ke kaʻina hana. ʻO kaʻu mea e paipai nei me kēia laʻana, ʻoiai he ʻano maʻalahi paha ka ʻaʻapo koke ʻana i ka manaʻo nui, malia paha, he laʻana kūpono nō kēia e hoʻonui aʻe ai i ka noʻonoʻo o ka poʻe haumāna.
I hōʻike ʻia ai ka nui o nā manawa a Kaualilinoe i kākau ihola i kēia analula a me ke ʻano i hoʻohana ai ʻo ia, e nānā mai i ka laʻana ma lalo nei.
A makaukau mai la no hoi kahi umeke a me kahi ipukai i kekahi elemakule; (14) o ka paina iho la no ia o lakou a maona, a (15) o ka puka aku la no ia o lakou nei 5 hele ana; (16) ko lakou nei hele aku la no hoi ia, a kau ae la ka la iluna o Waialeale, hiki ana lakou nei i kauhale.42
Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia analula ma kona ʻano ʻekolu ma hoʻokahi hopunaʻōlelo lōʻihi. He aha lā hoʻi ke kumu no nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ma loko o hoʻokahi hopunaʻōlelo lōʻihi? Koe aku ia. He kumu nō paha, he kaila kākau paha. Aia nō ka manaʻo nui iā Kaualilinoe. Malia paha, na kekahi mea kālaiʻōlelo e hoʻonui hou aku i ko kākou ʻike no kēia analula ma o ke kālailai pono ʻana i kēia poʻe laʻana. He laʻana maikaʻi loa nō kēia e hōʻike ai i ka wali loa o kēia analula iā ia.
Kau kuʻu noʻonoʻo i ke kamaʻilio pū ʻana me kekahi hoakumu. Wahi a kēia kumu nāna i aʻo i ka ʻōlelo Kanaka no kekahi mau makahiki, he 30 a ʻoi paha makahiki, i kona hoʻomaopopo
ʻana mai, he kaila kākau nō kēia analula. ʻŌlelo ʻia a lohe ʻia nō, akā ʻo ka mea maʻamau, heluhelu wale ʻia nō kēia analula. Ma kekahi ʻano, kākoʻo wau i kona manaʻo, no ka mea, he kākaʻikahi paha ka lohe ʻia o ia ʻano ʻōlelo. Eia nō naʻe, ma mua ē, he ʻōlelo waha wale nō ka
ʻōlelo Kanaka. ʻAʻole nō paha i haku wale ʻia kēia analula e nā kūpuna no ka palapala. No ko
42 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 2,” ʻApelila 16, 1870, 1.
105 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
Kaualilinoe hoʻohana nui ʻana, malia paha ua maʻa nō ʻo ia i kēlā ʻano ʻōlelo ma ke kākau ʻana a me ka ʻōlelo waha ʻana.
He malihini nō kēia analula i nā pepeiao o kākou, akā ʻo ka hoʻokamaʻāina wale nō ka mea e koe nei. ʻO ia nō kekahi mea nui aʻu i mahalo aku ai iā Kaualilinoe. ʻEʻole kona kākau nui
ʻana i kēia analula, ʻike kākou i kēlā ʻano ʻōlelo.
E like hoʻi me kaʻu i kuhi ai i luna aʻe nei, e akahele nō paha kākou o hoʻohāiki wale ʻia auaneʻi ko kākou noʻonoʻo i kēia me he “ʻo ka memeʻa (V) dir-la nō ia.” Ma ia mau laʻana liʻiliʻi, ua like ʻole nō ka manaʻo a me ka hoʻohana ʻia i loko nō o ka like o ke kaʻina hua ʻōlelo. ʻO kaʻu mea e paipai nei, e hoʻonui aʻe kākou i ko kākou ʻike. Ke lana aʻe nei kuʻu manaʻo, e heluhelu ʻia ana kēia māhele nei e kekahi mea kālaiʻōlelo i ʻoi aʻe ka ʻeleu ona ma mua oʻu ma ke kālailai ʻōlelo
Hawaiʻi. He wahi kahua wale nō paha kēia e kūkulu hou aʻe ai i hale.
Ma kekahi ʻano, ua kūkulu aʻela ʻo Kaualilinoe i hale nui a ikaika hoʻi. A lako hoʻi kona hale i nā ʻano mea ʻai like ʻole e māʻona ai ka ʻōpū, ʻo ia hoʻi nā hunehune ʻike o kona kākau ʻana.
A no kāna hana nui, ʻo ka waiwai ihola nō ia o ka hale.
Aia nō i loko o kēia hale nā haʻawina he nui launa ʻole. No kākou nō ia hale, a na kākou nō e komo aku. E lilo ana kēia mau laʻana a Kaualilinoe i waiho ai i haʻawina nui no nā kumu a me nā haumāna ʻōlelo Kanaka i laha hou ai ka ʻōlelo a ko kākou poʻe kūpuna. No laila, na kākou e aʻo mai a aʻo aku a hoʻōla hou i kēia analula malihini i ka waha a me ka pepeiao o kākou.
UA KUPONO LOA KA LA I KA LOLO
ʻO ka haʻi manawa kekahi mea nui e waiwai loa ai kā Kaualilinoe mana no Kalelealuaka.
Ua ʻokoʻa loa nō ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻana mai o ka manawa e nā kūpuna i ka wā kahiko, a ʻokoʻa loa nō hoʻi kā kākou i kēia mau lā. Ma kēia māhele liʻiliʻi nei, e nānā ʻia ana kekahi mau laʻana e pili ana i ka haʻi manawa ma o ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna,
106 NO KALELEALUAKA a laila, e wehewehe ʻia ana ka pono e aʻo mai a aʻo aku kākou i ia ʻano ʻōlelo i mau loa ai ka ʻike kupuna.
ʻO kākou, ka hapa nui loa paha o nā kānaka o ka honua nei, hoʻopili ʻia nō ka manawa i kekahi helu kikoʻī, ʻo ia hoʻi ka makahiki, ka mahina, ka lā, ka hola, ka minuke, a me ke kekona a ia ʻano mea hou aku. Akā naʻe, ʻo ko kākou poʻe kūpuna ē, ua ʻike ʻia nō kekahi wā ma nā hanana nui a i ʻole nā kānaka koʻikoʻi o kekahi wā.
E like nō hoʻi me kēia moʻolelo, ʻaʻole nō i hoʻopili ʻia ka moʻolelo nei no Kalelealuaka e nā kūpuna me kekahi ʻano makahiki me nā helu, akā ua kuhi ʻia he moʻolelo nō kēia i ka wā o
Kākuhihewa, ke aliʻi nui o Oʻahu i kēlā manawa. Kuhi maila ka mea hulikoehana ʻo Patrick V.
Kirch, ʻo ka wā o Kākuhihewa, aia paha ma kahi o ka M.H. 1610 a i ka M.H. 1690 paha.43
ʻAʻole kēlā poʻe helu he mea nui i ko kākou poʻe kūpuna, no ka mea, ua ʻoi aku nō paha ka nui o ka ʻike i loko o kēlā ʻano ʻōlelo ʻo “i ka wā o Kākuhihewa” ma mua o kahi helu. ʻAʻole ko kākou poʻe kūpuna he ʻōnaehana helu makahiki, akā he ʻōnaehana nō ko lākou.
I ke au kahiko, he mea nui ka malama i ka haʻi manawa ʻana i ko kākou poʻe kūpuna.
Wahi a Kepelino, “A o ka mahina ka hoku ano nui, no ka mea, ma ona la e heluia’i na la o ka malama, a me ka maheleia ana o ka mahiki i na malama 12.” A wehewehe hou akula nō ʻo ia penei, “…ma ke ano o ka mahina ka helu ana a Hawaii nei i kona mau la…”44 Pili nō kona manaʻo i ka pilina hemo ʻole o nā kūpuna me ka malama ma o ko nā kūpuna nānā mau ʻana i ia hōkū nui. A ʻo ia nō kekahi e ʻokoʻa ai ka Hawaiʻi, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka haole, no ka mea, nānā nui ʻia ka lā e ka haole i mea e helu ai i ka ʻalemanaka, a kapa ʻia kēlā lā me kēia lā he huahelu. I ka poʻe
43 He 200 mau makahiki ma mua o ko Kamehameha hoʻohui ʻana i ka pae ʻāina ʻo Hawaiʻi. Patrick Vinton Kirch, How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i, First edition (University of California Press, 2019), 74. 44 Kepelino, Kepelino’s Traditions of Hawaii, Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 95 (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 2007), 81, 97.
107 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
Hawaiʻi, kau nui aʻela nā maka i ka mahina, a he inoa (ʻaʻole hoʻi he huahelu) nō ko nā mahina a me nā pō.
Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻohana ʻia nō ka lā ma ke ʻano he mea helu manawa ma o ka pilina o ka lā a me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻāina a kanaka hoʻi i ʻike ai i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa. ʻO ke
ʻano e hoʻololi ai ka lā i ka ʻāina a me ka lani, ʻo ia nō hoʻi kekahi mea e ʻike ʻia ai kekahi wā kikoʻī o ka lā.
ʻO “ua kau ka lā i ka lolo” kekahi ʻano ʻōlelo kaulana, ʻo ia hoʻi aia nō ka lā i luna pono o ke poʻo o ke Kanaka, ʻaʻohe ili o ke aka. He wahi hōʻailona nō ia no kekahi ʻano wā kikoʻī. Hāpai maila ʻo Kaualilinoe i kekahi mana ʻokoʻa iki i ia ʻano ʻōlelo, akā ua like nō hoʻi kona manaʻo penei, “ua kupono loa ka la i ka lolo.”45 Iā kākou, hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo “awakea”, akā ke kuhi nei wau ua ʻano pili loa kēlā ʻano manaʻo i kēia mau lā i ka manaʻo haole o “noon,” ʻo ia hola ka hola
12. Akā, no ia kūpono ʻana o ka lā i ka lolo ua pili ia i kekahi mea o ke ao, kahi mea i ʻike maka
ʻia e nā kūpuna, pili ʻole i nā helu o ka manaʻo haole. Ke ʻike ʻia nō ka lā i luna pono, maopopo leʻa i nā kānaka he wā kikoʻī nō hoʻi ia. No laila, he noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi nō ia.
Ua nui hou aku kēia ʻano ʻōlelo helu manawa ma o ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi i kākau nui ʻia e
Kaualilinoe i loko o kēia moʻolelo. Ua ʻohiʻohi ʻia he 29 mau laʻana mai ka moʻolelo mai nō. E nānā i ka Pākuʻina W. Ua wae ʻia kekahi mau laʻana e kālailai ai.
E hoʻomanawanui nō e kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu, he mea nui ka wehewehe mua ʻana i ke kumu i koho ʻia ai kēia kumuhana e kālele ʻia. Ma ke ʻano he kumu ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, aʻo wau i kaʻu poʻe haumāna i ka helu manawa i ka papa HAW 201. I kēlā me kēia kau, ua ʻano paʻakikī ka
ʻaʻapo koke ʻana o kekahi mau haumāna i ka helu manawa ma ka ʻōlelo Kanaka. ʻO kā lākou
45 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 8,” ʻAukake 20, 1870, 1.
108 NO KALELEALUAKA kūʻēʻē ka mea paʻakikī. Iā lākou ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ke hoʻopuka wale aku i nā hua ʻōlelo haole ma kahi o ke ʻano lōʻihi o ka ʻōlelo Kanaka. Penei nō kahi laʻana:
ʻŌlelo Waha ʻIa Ma Ka ʻŌlelo Haole ʻŌlelo Waha ʻIa Ma Ka ʻŌlelo Kanaka (ʻO ke) kanakolukūmāhiku minuke i hala ka 2:37pm hola ʻelua i ka ʻauinalā.
Ua ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi loa o ka helu manawa ʻana ma ka ʻōlelo Kanaka ma mua o ka ʻōlelo haole. I kekahi manawa, pono ka haumāna e hana i ka makemakika ma ka helu manawa ʻana i ka ʻōlelo Kanaka, a ʻo ia nō kekahi mea e kūʻēʻē ai ka haumāna. He ala maʻalahi wale nō ka hoʻopuka wikiwiki ma ka ʻōlelo haole. Eia nō naʻe, haʻi mau akula wau iā lākou, inā makeʻe nō kākou i ke ola mau o ka ʻōlelo Kanaka, e aho paha ka hele ʻana ma ke ala loa a ʻakūʻakū hoʻi a hoʻopuka wale aku nō i ka ʻōlelo Kanaka i loko nō o kona ʻano lōʻihi.
I koʻu manaʻo, paʻakikī ka helu manawa i kekahi mau haumāna, no ka mea, he ʻano ʻē nō paha ka helu manawa haole ʻana ma ka ʻōlelo Kanaka. No kēia ʻano helu manawa ʻana, he unuhi maoli nō ka noʻonoʻo haole mai ka ʻōlelo haole mai a i ka ʻōlelo Kanaka. Ke ʻōlelo ʻia mai nei ka manaʻo haole me nā hua ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, a ʻo ia paha ka pilikia, ke kūʻēʻē, a me ka hoihoi ʻole o ka haumāna i kēia ʻano haʻawina helu manawa.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, noho nō kākou ma loko o kekahi honua paʻa i ke kuanaʻike haole no ka helu manawa ʻana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lā nona nā hola he 24. E like nō me kaʻu i luna aʻe nei, na ka hapa nui paha o ka poʻe o ka honua e hoʻohana i kēlā ʻano helu manawa haole. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻalo aʻe. Akā, inā makeʻe kākou i ke ola o ka ʻōlelo Kanaka ma kēia honua nei, he pono e ʻōlelo i ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi ma nā mea a pau i hiki. He pono nō ke aʻo ʻana aku i ka haʻi manawa kuanaʻike haole me nā hua ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi.
109 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
Kau kuʻu noʻonoʻo i ko Ngũgĩ wa Thiongʻo manaʻo no ka hoʻoneʻe hou ʻia ʻana o ka piko mai ke kuanaʻike haole a i ka kuanaʻike ʻōiwi, ʻo ia nō ka ʻike no waho mai o ka poʻe haole.46 Me ia manaʻo nō, ke aʻo ʻia nei ka helu manawa haole ma o ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi ma kahi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ai kākou ma ka piko o ka haole. Aia nō nā haumāna i loko o ka papa ʻōlelo
Hawaiʻi i aʻo mai ai i ka ʻike Hawaiʻi, ʻaʻole nō ka ʻike haole. No laila, paʻa iho nei kēia wahi nīnau i loko o kuʻu naʻau, “he aha ka mea e Hawaiʻi ai ka helu manawa?” Hoʻoholo wau e hoʻāʻo e aʻo pū aku i ke ʻano helu manawa Hawaiʻi ma ka wā like i aʻo ai i ka helu manawa haole. Ma kaʻu mau papa, wehewehe akula nō wau i ka pono e aʻo mai ai i ka helu manawa noʻonoʻo haole ma ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi i loko nō o kona ʻano paʻakikī, a laila wehewehe hou akula wau i ke ʻano o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i haʻi manawa ai. Pēlā nō e hoʻonohonoho hou ʻia ai ko kākou piko i ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi i loko o ka papa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, a pēlā e ulu aʻe ai ka hoi o nā haumāna.
ʻAʻole nō i aʻo ʻia ke kuanaʻike helu manawa Hawaiʻi ma nā puke aʻo ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi ʻo Nā
Kai ʻEwalu a me Ka Lei Haʻaheo. ʻO ke kuanaʻike haole wale nō. He maikaʻi loa nō hoʻi ka hōʻike
ʻana aku nei ma loko o ia mau puke i nā inoa Hawaiʻi no nā māhele laulā o ka lā a me ka pō—ʻo ka wanaʻao ʻoe, ʻo ke kakahiaka ʻoe, ʻo ka ʻauinalā ʻoe, ʻo ke aumoe ʻoe a ia ʻano hua ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe— ma kahi o ka unuhi wale ʻana ihola i nā hua ʻōlelo haole ʻo “AM” a me “PM.”47 He ʻano kōkua nō kēia no ka haumāna e ʻike liʻiliʻi ai i ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi. ʻAʻole naʻe i wehewehe ʻia hou aku i ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi ma ka helu manawa.
Ua lawa nō paha kēia wehewehe lōʻihi ʻana i ke kumu i koho ʻia ai kēia kumuhana, akā he mea nui nō kēia e hoʻokahua ai i wahi e kū ai kēia māhele liʻiliʻi nei. Ua kūpono nō ka lā i ka lolo, a hiki maila nō ka manawa e nānā ai i nā laʻana. Ma ka laʻana mua, e ʻike ʻia ana ke ʻano o ko nā
46 Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, Moving the Centre: The Struggle for Cultural Freedoms (London: James Currey LTD, 1993), xvi. 47 Kamanā lāua ʻo Wilson, Nā Kai ʻEwalu, Puke 1, 201-203; Hopkins, 1992, 33.
110 NO KALELEALUAKA kūpuna helu ʻana i nā pō a me nā malama, a me nā ʻano hōʻailona i kū maila i ʻike lākou ua hala aku paha a hiki mai paha kekahi wā.
Mai ka la i kiolaia ai oia iloko o ke kai, he eha a elima paha la i hala ae o ka malama o Ikiiki, a hiki i ka po o Kalokupau [pn], o ka malama o Ikuwa, ua like me elima malama a me na la he iwakalua a oi kona moe ana iloko o ka opu o ka 1 moana, a hui pu hoi me na la ona e waiho ana iloko o ka hale, ua like me eono malama ka loihi o kona moe ana, a kui iho la ka hekili, nei ae la ke olai, ia manawa i ala mai ai o Kaopele…48
He hōʻike wale nō ia ʻohina i luna aʻe nei no kā Kaualilinoe ʻike a akamai hoʻi i ka ʻike
Hawaiʻi. ʻO ia hoʻi, hoʻohana ʻia nā hua ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi no nā malama e like me Ikiiki a me ʻIkuā.
Hoʻohana ʻia nō hoʻi nā inoa pō e like me Kalokupau—(he kiko hewa paha ia, a ʻo “Kāloakūpau” a ʻo “Kāloapau” nō paha ka pololei). Wehewehe maila ʻo Kaualilinoe, ʻo ka maka mua o Ikiiki nō ka manawa i hāʻule ai ʻo Kaʻōpele i kāna hana puni ʻo ka hiamoe. He ʻehā a ʻelima paha pō ma hope o kona paʻuhia ma ka pō ʻo Kāloakūpau, kiola wale ʻia ʻo ia i loko o ke kai.
Wehewehe hou maila ʻo Kaualilinoe e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ko Kaʻōpele moe ʻana i ka ʻōpū lipolipo o ka moana ma ka hōʻike ʻana aku no ka wā ma waena o ka maka mua o Ikiiki a i ka maka mua o ʻIkuā, a ua like nō hoʻi ka lōʻihi o ia wā me he 5 a 6 paha mau malama me iwakālua mau lā. Pēlā nō paha kona wehewehe ʻana, no ka mea, ua maʻa ʻole paha kekahi o kona poʻe mea heluhelu i ka haʻi manawa noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi, a he kōkua nui nō kēia iā kākou o kēia au i hiki iā kākou ke hoʻōla hou i kēia ʻano ʻike kuʻuna.
ʻO kāna mea hope loa i wehewehe aku ai, ʻo ia nō kekahi mau hōʻailona e kū mau ma ka wā i hiki mai ai ʻo ʻIkuā, ʻo ia hoʻi ka loli ʻana o ke au. Ma ia loli ʻana, e lohe ʻia ana nō ke kuʻi ʻana o ka hekili, a he hōʻailona nō kēlā no ka malama ʻo ʻIkuā. Ma kekahi mau māhele ʻē aʻe, wehewehe maila ʻo ia i nā ʻano mea ʻē aʻe i ʻike pū ʻia me ka hekili, ʻo ia hoʻi, loku ka ua, a ʻōlapa
48 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 3,” Iulai 02, 1870, 1.
111 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI ka uila.49 He hōʻailona hou nō ia mau mea no ko kākou poʻe kūpuna e helu ai lākou i ka manawa. He ʻōnaehana helu manawa ko ka poʻe Hawaiʻi ma o ka helu ʻana i nā malama a me nā pō, a na ke au nō e hōʻike mai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kekahi wā.
Pēlā nō paha ko Kaualilinoe wehewehe ʻana i kekahi mau manaʻo e pili ana i kēia mau hua ʻōlelo kuʻuna i kona poʻe mea heluhelu me he mea lā ua ʻano ʻike ʻole paha lākou. Pololei paha kaʻu e hoʻohuoi nei, ʻaʻole paha. Akā, he hōʻailona nō kona wehewehe ʻana no ka hohonu o kona ʻike kuʻuna, a me kona makemake e aʻo aku i kona poʻe mea heluhelu. No laila, he mau mea nui kēia o ke au i ko kākou poʻe kūpuna, no ka mea, pēlā nō lākou i ʻike ai i ka hala ʻana o kekahi wā, a me ka hiki ʻana mai o kekahi wā.
Ma kēia laʻana e hiki koke mai nei, e ʻike ʻia ana ke ʻano o ko nā kūpuna helu ʻana i ka manawa ma ko lākou ʻike ʻana i kahi i kau ai ka lā ma luna o kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻāina.
2 Kau ae la ka la iluna o Waialeale…50
3 oiai o ka po wale aku no koe, no ka mea, ke kokoke aku la ka la i Puukuua…51
Ma mua o koʻu wehewehe ʻana aku i ka manaʻo o kēia mau laʻana i luna aʻe nei, e ahonui nō paha kākou i kēia moʻolelo pōkole nei.
Ua ala mākou i ke kakahiaka nui no ka piʻi ʻana aʻe i uka a i ka piko o Kahoʻolawe i
Moaʻulanui mai kahi o mākou e noho ana ma kai ma Hakioawa. Ma ia piʻi ʻana aʻe, huli aku mākou a nānā iā Haleakalā i ka wanaʻao. ʻAʻole moku ka pawa, ʻo ke kāheʻa wale nō ka mea i ʻike
ʻia. Ua akanoho wale nō mākou a kali i ka pohā kea o nā kukuna o ka lā. A laila, kū aʻela nō
49 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 1,” ʻApelila 09, 1870, 1. 50 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 4,” ʻApelila 30, 1870, 1. 51 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 7,” Mei 21, 1870, 1.
112 NO KALELEALUAKA mākou a oli i ke oli hoʻāla i ka lā, ʻo ia ʻo “E Ala ē.” Iā mākou e oli ana, ua ʻike maka nō mākou i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kino poepoe o ka lā i piʻi a i luna o Haleakalā, a laila pau ke oli.
Kiʻi II.III: ʻO ka ʻike ʻana iā Waiʻaleʻale mai Niumalu.
Kiʻi II.IV: ʻO ka ʻike ʻana iā Puʻukuʻua ma kahi o ka Kahalepōʻai.
113 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
Wehewehe maila kekahi alakaʻi o mākou i ia ʻano hanana a mākou i ʻike maka aku nei, ʻo ia hoʻi ka piʻi ʻana o ka lā. Mea mai ʻo ia, i ka wā kahiko, ʻo ka lā kekahi mea a ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i helu ai i ka manawa. No ka poʻe ma Kahoʻolawe, he ʻano uaki nui loa ʻo Haleakalā, a ʻo ka lā kona lima e kuhikuhi ana i kekahi manawa kikoʻī. I kēlā me kēia kakahiaka, nānā ʻia ka lā i kona piʻi pupū ʻana i luna o ka ihona o ka mauna mai kona kumu a hiki loa i ka piko a iho maila.
No laila, ma ia piʻi ʻana a ma ia iho ʻana o ka lā, he hanana ia e helu ʻia ai ka manawa—ʻo ia hoʻi ka helu ʻana o nā lā. He hōʻailona nō ia no ka pilina hemo ʻole o nā kūpuna me ka ʻāina. ʻAʻole wale nō ka ʻāina ʻo ko kākou aliʻi, ka mea hoʻi nāna e hānai nui iā kākou, he mea ia e hōʻike mai ai iā kākou i ka manawa.
Haʻi akula wau i kēia moʻolelo aʻu, no ka mea, ʻo ia nō ka moʻolelo i kau i koʻu noʻonoʻo ma ka heluhelu ʻana i ia mau laʻana ʻelua i luna aʻe nei. He mea e haʻi manawa ai kahi e hui ai a e launa ai paha ka lā me kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻāina. E like nō me kēlā poʻe ma Kahoʻolawe e nānā ana iā Haleakalā i kēlā me kēia kakahiaka, ua like nō paha ka hana me ka poʻe e nānā ana iā
Waiʻaleʻale.
Ma kēia moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka, e hoʻokipa ʻia ana ʻo Kaʻōpele e ʻelua mau
ʻelemākule—nā kūpuna hoʻi o kāna wahine. Mai ko lāua wahi i noho ai ma Wailua, Kauaʻi ua huakaʻi aku lākou a i Niumalu, kahi e noho ana kā lāua moʻopuna. Haʻalele akula lākou iā
Wailua i ke kakahiaka, a hōʻea i Niumalu ke “Kau ae la ka la iluna o Waialeale.” Aia nō ʻo
Niumalu ma ka hikina, no laila, e hui ana paha ka lā me Waiʻaleʻale mai ko lākou wahi e kū ana ma ka ʻāluna ahiahi paha. He hōʻailona nō hoʻi ia i ka poʻe ma Niumalu, a ma Kauaʻi paha no kekahi wā kikoʻī, ʻo ia hoʻi e napoʻo koke ana ka lā a ke hiki koke mai nei ka pō. ʻO ke Kiʻi II.III ma lalo nei, ua kiʻi ʻia maila mai Google Earth mai. Ma ua kiʻi nei, aia nō ka ʻikena ma Niumalu e nānā ana iā Waiʻaleʻale. Ua hiki ʻole ke loaʻa mai kekahi kiʻi me ka lā i luna pono o Waiʻaleʻale,
114 NO KALELEALUAKA akā aia nō ka lā i luna. No laila, ma ia kiʻi nō ke kau ka lā i luna o Waiʻaleʻale, e napoʻo ana ʻo ia a hoʻi hou ana nō i ka hālāwai. ʻO ka pō wale nō ka mea e koe nei.
Hōʻike maila ʻo Kaualilinoe i kekahi laʻana kohu like paha me kēia ʻano manaʻo e pili ana iā Oʻahu, ʻo ia kēia—iā Kalelealuaka mā e alakaʻi ʻia ana e Maliuhaaino ma kai i Koʻolina mai ko lākou wahi e noho ana i uka o Waipiʻo i Kahalepōʻai, i ka moku ʻo ʻEwa. Ua hiki nō iā lākou ke
ʻike i ka lā e kokoke aku ana i Puʻukuʻua, he pali ia. Malia paha, he hōʻailona nō ia no ko ʻEwa nānā ʻana iā Puʻukuʻua, a i kona wā e hui ai me ka lā, he hōʻailona nō ia no ka hiki koke ʻana mai o ka pō. Ua huki ʻia maila ke Kiʻi II.IV e hōʻike ana i ka lā e kokoke ana i Puʻukuʻua.
He hōʻailona nō ka hui ʻana o ka lā me Haleakalā, Waiʻaleʻale, a me Puʻukuʻua no kekahi wā kikoʻī o ka loli ʻana o ke ao i ka poʻe e nānā ana i kēlā mau pana ʻāina kū kiʻekiʻe, a pēlā nō i
ʻike ai ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i ka manawa. A ʻo ia hoʻi kekahi laʻana hou no ka pilina hemo ʻole o
Kānaka me ka ʻāina a me ka lani.
Eia hou mai nō kekahi laʻana haʻi manawa pili i ka lani.
4 …ke hoomaka mai la hoi ka pualena ana o ke ao…52
Ma Hawaiʻi nei, ua pōmaikaʻi maoli nō kākou, no ka mea, ua hiki nō iā kākou ke ʻike i ka piʻi ʻana o ka lā a me ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā i kēlā me kēia lā, a ʻo ia nō kekahi mea e hele nui ʻia ai
ʻo Hawaiʻi. A no ia kumu, ʻike nō kākou ʻo ke ʻano o ka lani kahi mea i ʻike ʻia ai ka piʻi ʻana o ka lā a me ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā. ʻO ko kākou poʻe kūpuna, he mea ke ʻano o ka lani e helu ai i ka manawa. No laila, ma ka wehewehe ʻana i ke ʻano o ka lani, e like me kēlā manaʻo i luna aʻe nei,
ʻo ka pualena ʻana o ke ao kekahi mea e haʻi manawa ai i ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi, a iā kākou hoʻi. I ka pualena o ke ao, ʻike nō hoʻi kākou ʻo ia nō ka wā kakahiaka.
52 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 2,” ʻApelila 16, 1870, 1.
115 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
Ma kēia laʻana hope loa, ʻo ia paha kaʻu punahele, no ka mea, he mea ʻano ʻokoʻa loa nō ia. He ʻano manaʻo nō kēia e ʻike ai i ka manawa i hala ma kekahi wā kikoʻī a i ʻole i ka manawa e koe nei.
Ua hanauia o Kaopele, ma Waipio, i Hawaii. Aia nae ma kona wa i hanauia mai ai, aole i ikeia he hanu ola kekahi i ikeia iho iloko ona, aka, ua hoomaemae ia iho la ua keiki nei 5 a maikai, a hoaahu ia iho la i na kapa keiki i hoomakaukau ia, waiho iho la. Ua pau elua koi kukui o ke kakali ana no ka puka mai o ka hanu, a i ole la hoi, o ka nape ae la hoi ma ka houpo a ma ka manawa la hoi, he ole loa no.
No kēia laʻana hope loa, ʻaʻole pili i ka lani. Ma
kekahi ʻano, ʻo kēia nō paha kekahi mea pili loa i ka uaki
a ka haole, kekahi mea e ana ʻia ai ka lōʻihi o ka
manawa, a me ka manawa e koe nei. I ka wā kahiko, ua
hoʻohana ʻia ka hua kukui i hoʻomālamalama i ka pō.
Kapa ʻia ihola he ihoiho kukui a he makou paha.
Kiʻi II.V: He ihoiho kukui Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hua kukui ma kekahi lāʻau a paʻa, a
ʻo ia nō ia mea he kōī. Hoʻā ʻia ka hua o luna loa a ʻā maila. Pau ka ʻaila o ka hua i luna i ka ʻā ʻia a kōkolikoli ka hua, a ahi koli akula. E nānā i ke Kiʻi II.V. 53
Ma loko o kēia moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka, ua kali nā mākua o Kaʻōpele a pau ʻelua kōī kukui i ka ʻā ʻia, a laila hoʻoholo ʻia e nā mākua ua make nō kā lāua keiki. No ia hana o ka ʻā ʻana a me ke ahi koli ʻana o ka ihoiho kukui, he mea ia e ʻike ai i ka pō a e ʻike ai i ka manawa i hala akula. Malia paha, e hōʻike mai ana ʻo Kaualilinoe i kekahi hana a ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i helu ai
53 Kiʻi ʻia maila ke kiʻi mai ka punaewele mai nō. Naʻu nō i hoʻokomo i nā hua ʻōlelo a me nā laina. “Academics at Kula Ha‘aha‘a (Elementary School),” kiʻi ʻia ma Ianuali 6, 2021, https://www.ksbe.edu/education/maui/academics/kula_haahaa/.
116 NO KALELEALUAKA i ka manawa me ka ihoiho kukui. Ma kekahi ʻano, ʻo ia paha kekahi mea i hoʻohana ʻia i mea e
ʻike ai i ka manawa i hala ai a i ka manawa e koe nei, ʻo ia paha ka timer o ka wā kahiko.
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka maka mua o kēia māhele liʻiliʻi nei, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻalo aʻe i ke aʻo ʻana i ka helu manawa haole, no ka mea, ʻo ia ke ʻano o kēia honua nei, akā inā makeʻe kākou i ke ola mau o ka ʻike Hawaiʻi ma o ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, pono nō kākou e aʻo hou, a ʻo ka helu manawa Hawaiʻi kuʻuna kekahi mea e aʻo hou mai ai. E nānā kākou i nā moʻolelo kahiko i kākau
ʻia e nā kūpuna e like me J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, nā mea kākau akamai loa i waiho maila i ko lākou mau manaʻo i loko o nā nūpepa no kākou. Pēlā nō kākou e hoʻonohonoho hou ai i ko kākou piko ma ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna.
E NAKELE AKU ANA NA OPEA
He 70 a ʻoi iki aʻe nā inoa pana ʻāina ma loko o kā Kaualilinoe moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka. Ua
ʻano nui nā inoa i ʻike ʻole ʻia i loko o ka puke ʻo Place Names of Hawaiʻi a me nā ʻano kumu ʻike ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia ma ka moʻolelo kahi o ia ʻāina e waiho nei, no laila, he pono nō kekahi papahana ʻimi noiʻi no ia mau ʻāina me ka palapala ʻana ma kekahi palapala ʻāina. ʻAʻole nō kēia māhele ia ʻano papahana, ke paipai aku nei nō naʻe wau iā haʻi e ʻauamo i ia kuleana. Eia ka manaʻo nui o kēia wahi māhele liʻiliʻi nei, ua wae ʻia kekahi mau inoa mai ka moʻolelo mai e wehewehe pōkole hou aku ai. ʻO Waikele, Waimānalo, a me Hanaloa nā pana ʻāina e kālele ʻia ana ma kēia māhele nei.
WAIKELE
I kēia mau lā, kaulana loa nō paha ʻo Waikele ma kona ʻano he hale nui kikowaena kūʻai emi loa. Muimui nui nā ʻano kānaka like ʻole mai kahi kihi a kahi kihi aku o ka honua e kūʻai hele ai ma laila. Minamina nō hoʻi kā kākou hoʻopili wale ʻana aku i ia pana ʻāina me ke kūʻai hele, me
117 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI he mea lā ʻaʻohe ona waiwai ma waho o ke kūʻai emi. He maikaʻi loa nō kā Kaualilinoe mana no
Kalelealuaka, no ka mea, waiho maila ʻo ia i ka moʻolelo Hawaiʻi no ke kumu o ka inoa o ia ʻāina.
Ua pau loa ko Kūaliʻi ʻaoʻao i ka luku ʻia e nā lima ikaika o Kalelealuaka, a pau hoʻi ke kaua hope loa. Kiʻi ʻia ʻo Maliuhaaino mai kona wahi kiu kaua, a lawe ʻia akula ʻo ia i kahi o Waipahu, a laila, “hookuuia iho la ua wahi oopa nei. Ia hookuuia ana iho nae, e nakele aku ana na opea o ua wahi oopa nei, nolaila, uwa iho la ka pihe a haalele wale, a nolaila i kapaia ai ka inoa o ia aina maluna ae o Waipahu, a oia hoi o Waikele.”54
Ma loko o ka unuhina a Emerson, ua kāpae wale ʻia kēlā māhele, a ʻaʻole i unuhi ʻia. No laila, no kēia moʻolelo pōkole no Waikele kekahi mea e waiwai loa ai kā Kaualilinoe mana no
Kalelealuaka. E aho nō kākou e moʻolelo hou aku a hoʻōla hou aku i kēia i ʻole e poina iā kākou, a lilo ihola ka moʻolelo o kahi ʻāina i ke kālā.
WAIMĀNALO
ʻO Waimānalo nō kekahi ʻāina i kuhi iki ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo. Ua kuhi hewa naʻe wau ʻo
Waimānalo, Koʻolau kēia, ʻaʻole kā. ʻO ia kekahi mea e huikau ai wau ma ka heluhelu ʻana i ka moʻolelo. A laila, ʻike akula wau i kekahi mau mea ma ka nūhou kūloko o kēia au nei e pili ana i ka ʻāina olomehani i kapa ʻia ai ʻo Waimanalo Gulch Sanitary Landfill, aia ia ma ka moku ʻo
ʻEwa, ma uka hoʻi o Koʻolina. He ʻāina hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui ʻia e ke kaiāulu a me ke aupuni, no ka mea, ma laila wale nō kahi e lawe ʻia ai nā ʻōpala o ka poʻe a pau loa ma Oʻahu nei. A ke koikoi
ʻia mai nei ke aupuni e pani i ia wahi olomehani kīkanu ʻōpala i ka makahiki 2028 no ka ʻane pihaʻū i ka ʻōpala ma laila, a e ʻimi aku i ʻāina hou aʻe no ka lawe a waiho ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōpala a pau. ʻO kahi ʻāina i loko o ke awāwa ʻo Waiʻanae ka ʻāina e manaʻo nui nei ka poʻe alakaʻi e wehe
54 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 9,” Iune 06, 1870, 4.
118 NO KALELEALUAKA hou i wahi kīkanu ʻōpala—he 10 mile wale nō mai kona wahi e kū nei i kēia mau lā a hiki i ka
ʻāina hou e noʻonoʻo ʻia mai nei.
Eia kekahi, ma Nānākuli nō ka ʻāina olomehani kīkanu ʻōpala hoʻokahi ma Oʻahu nei no nā ʻōpala mai ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale a luku hale nō hoʻi. Kapa ʻia kēlā ʻāina olomehani ʻo PVT
Land Company: Hawaii Integrated Solid Waste Management. Ke makemake nei kēlā ʻoihana e hoʻonui hou aku i kona palena ʻāina no ka ʻane pihaʻū i ka ʻōpala a i kahi pili loa i nā hale o nā kānaka. Ke kūʻē nui nei ke kaiāulu i kēlā ʻano hana hoʻonui palena ʻāina. Me he mea lā, he kuleana ko ka moku ʻo Waiʻanae e ʻauamo i ka ʻōpala a pau loa o kēia mokupuni nei, a he hewa loa nō ia.
Wahi a ka moʻolelo o Kalelealuaka, he ʻāina waiwai loa nō ʻo Waimānalo. Ma laila nō i noho ai ke kahuna ʻike a akamai loa nō hoʻi o Kākuhihewa, ʻo Napuaikamao. ʻOiai he mea nui ʻo
Napuaikamao i mua o Kākuhihewa, ua hāʻawi nō ke aliʻi nui i kekahi ʻāina waiwai a maikaʻi loa hoʻi iā ia. Eia kekahi, e like nō me ka inoa o ka ʻāina, he hōʻailona nō ia no ka nui o ka wai a me ke ʻano o ka wai ma laila, he mānalo nō.
He minamina ka ʻane pau loa o kēlā mau moʻolelo e pili ana iā Waimānalo, ʻEwa. Inā paha kākou e lohe i ka inoa ʻo Waimānalo, kau mua paha ka noʻonoʻo iā Waimānalo,
Koʻolaupoko. Inā nō paha kamaʻāina iā Waimānalo ma ʻEwa, a laila hoʻi, noʻonoʻo ʻia nō paha e pili ana i ka ʻōpala, a ʻo ke kīkanu ʻōpala wale nō kona waiwai. ʻAʻole nō pēlā. Ma kekahi ʻāno, ua kīkanu ʻia nā moʻolelo o ia ʻāina ma lalo o kā kākou ʻōpala, a ahulu ka wai mānalo.
Kū nō kēia moʻolelo ma ke ʻano he mea e hoʻomanaʻo nui ai iā kākou no ka waiwai o
Waimānalo, ʻEwa, Oʻahu. No laila, eia nō wau ke paipai aku nei iā kākou a pau loa, ma kahi o ka
ʻimi ʻana i ʻāina olomehani hou e kīkanu ʻia ai nā ʻōpala a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana aku o ka ʻāina olomehani e kū nei, e aho paha kākou e ʻimi i nā ʻano ala like ʻole e hoʻēmi ai i ka nui o ka ʻōpala a kākou e kīloi wale aku ai, o pau auaneʻi nā moʻolelo kahiko i ke kīkanu ʻōpala ʻia.
119 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
HANALOA
ʻO ka puhi laulau kekahi mea a Keinohoomanawanui i kuko nui ai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻuala a me nā puhi o Hanaloa i loko o ka laulau i kālua ʻia. Hōʻike ʻia maila i loko o kā Kaualilinoe mana no Kalelealuaka, he loko iʻa kaulana loa nō ia i ka hānai puhi. ʻAʻole nō i hōʻike iki ʻia kona ʻano hānai puhi i ka puke ʻo Place Names of Hawaii a me Sites of Oahu.55 Kuhi naʻe nā mea hōʻahuʻahu
ʻike a Sites of Oahu i kekahi ʻatikala mai ka nūpepa ʻo Ka Loea Kalaiaina mai. Wahi a ia ʻatikala, aia ma kahi kokoke i ka loko iʻa ʻo Hanaloa kekahi lae, ʻo Puhilaka, a he ana ko laila nona ka inoa like nō.56 He ana hānai puhi ia. Ma ia ana puka, puka ma kai, a ma kahi aku, puka hoʻi ma ka loko iʻa ʻo Hanaloa. Ma laila nō ma Hanaloa i hānai ʻia ai kekahi kupua puhi. ʻAʻole nō i ʻike ʻia ka inoa o ke kupua.
Kuhi akula ʻo McAllister, he kiaʻi ko Hanaloa, a ʻo ia ka makuahine o nā mea nāna i paepae i ka loko iʻa ʻo Huiluna, ʻo ia nā menehune. ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻo McAllister i kona ʻano, inā he puhi paha ʻo ia. Malia paha, ʻo ia paha ke kupua puhi i hānai ʻia ma Hanaloa, ʻaʻole paha.57
He hōʻoia nō paha ka moʻolelo no ka hānai ʻia ʻana o ke kupua puhi nāna i kiaʻi iā
Hanaloa, a he hōʻoia nō hoʻi ka inoa ʻo Puhilaka no ka hānai ʻia ʻana o nā puhi i loko o Hanaloa.
ʻO ka mua, pili nō ia pana ʻāina i nā puhi, ua akāka nō ia. A ʻo ka lua, malia paha, kapa ʻia ʻo
Puhilaka, no ka mea, ua laka nō hoʻi nā puhi no ka hānai maikaʻi ʻia o lākou e Kānaka.
55 Pukui, Mookini, me Elbert, Place Names of Hawaii; Sterling lāua ʻo Summers, Sites of Oahu. 56 Ma koʻu huli ʻana aku nei, ʻaʻohe nō i loaʻa mai ka ʻike no kahi e waiho mai nei ʻo Puhilaka. Minamina ka loaʻa ʻole o kekahi kope o kēia nūpepa ma ka punaewele. “Na wahi pana o Ewa,” Ka Loea Kalaiaina, Kepakemapa 9, 1899. 57 J. Gilbert McAllister, Archaeology of Oahu (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1933), 106, 164.
120 NO KALELEALUAKA
Kiʻi II.VI: Ka Loko Iʻa ʻo Hanaloa
I kēia mau lā, aia ʻo Hanaloa ma kai iki ʻo Waipiʻo Peninsula Soccer Park. E nānā i ke Kiʻi
II.VI.58 Minamina nō hoʻi ka haʻalele nui o nā puhi i ia loko, no ka mea, ua hoʻopihapiha ʻia ka loko i ka lepo a he ʻāina wale nō ko laila. ʻAuhea ʻoukou e nā kānaka hānai a me ke kiaʻi o
58 Ua ʻoki ʻia maila kēia palapala ʻāina mai kahi palapala ʻāina nui i hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kahi o Hanaloa. Naʻu ia ʻoki ʻana. Kekuewa Kikiloi mā, “Hālau Puʻuloa: ʻEwa Region ʻĀina Inventory” (Honolulu: Nohopapa Hawaiʻi, LLC, 2018), https://www.ksbe.edu/assets/site/special_section/regions/ewa/Halau_o_Puuloa_Full-Ewa-Aina- Inventory_Binder.pdf.
121 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
Hanaloa. ʻAʻohe kai, a ʻaʻohe mea o laila koe ka mauʻu me nā lāʻau haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻopihapiha
ʻia ʻana o Hanaloa ka hoʻopau wale aku i ka moʻolelo hānai puhi ma laila. He wahi hoʻomanaʻo ka moʻolelo o Kalelealuaka no ka hana loa o ka poʻe kūpuna i ka hānai ʻana i nā puhi laka i mea
ʻai ʻono na lākou.
ʻO nā moʻolelo pana ʻāina kekahi o nā mea e waiwai ai kā Kaualilinoe mana no
Kalelealuaka. Ua nui hou aku nā ʻano moʻolelo pōkole e nanea aku ai, akā ua lawa nō paha kēia mau laʻana ʻekolu. He hoʻomanaʻo nui nō kā Kaualilinoe moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka e poina ʻole ai iā kākou nā ʻōpeʻa nakele a ua wahi ʻoʻopa lā, ka ʻāina wai mānalo o Napuaikamao, a me nā hana loa a ko kākou mau kūpuna i hānai ai i nā puhi laka.
Ma kēia moʻolelo, ʻaʻole wale nō nā hiʻohiʻona, ka poʻe o ka ʻāina, a me nā mea i hana ʻia ma laila ʻo nā mea e kaulana ai kekahi ʻāina. Ma kēia māhele liʻiliʻi aʻe nei, e ʻike ʻia ana kekahi mau mea kanu i wili ʻia a paʻa i lei i kaulana ai kekahi ʻāina.
PAPAHI NA LEI HALA I KA A-I
No kā Kaualilinoe ʻike ʻana i nā lāʻau uluwehi a me nā lei kaulana nona kekahi ʻāina, i
ʻōʻupē wale aku ʻo ia iā Maliuhaaino. I ko ia ʻoʻopa holo pupū ʻana aku i ke kahua kaua o kona aliʻi ʻo Kākuhihewa, launa pū akula ʻo ia me Kalelealuaka. Ua ʻano kamaʻāina ʻē ʻo ia iā
Kalelealuaka, akā i kona launa pū ʻana me ia, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻike leʻa ʻo Kalelealuaka nō ia, no ka mea, ua kāhiko ʻia ʻo Kalelealuaka i nā lei kaulana o ka ʻāina me he mea lā no ia ʻāina o ka lei kaulana nō ʻo ia. Pēlā nō i ʻōʻupē ʻia ai ʻo Maliuhaaino i akāka koke ai ka moʻolelo.
ʻĀINA LEI Waiʻanae lei puaniu i ke poo, kau mai la hoi na owili lei maile lau liilii aala nahenahe o Koiahi i ka a-i Waialua kau ka lei uki o Ukoa a me ka hinahina o ke kula o Kealia Koʻolau papahi na lei hala i ka a-i, a o ka lei pu-a ko ma ke poo
122 NO KALELEALUAKA
Mahalo nui ʻia kēia māhele o ka moʻolelo o Kalelealuaka no ka mea, wehewehe ʻia nō kekahi mau lei kaulana o ka ʻāina, akā he kākaʻikahi ka ʻike ʻia o kēia ʻano lei i kēia mau lā. Ma ka moʻolelo, kaulana ʻo Waiʻanae i ka lei poʻo pua niu, a me ka lei maile lau liʻiliʻi o Koʻiahi. No laila, he hōʻailona kēlā no ka nui a maikaʻi loa hoʻi o nā niu a me ka maile ma Waiʻanae. Ma ka moʻolelo, kaulana nō ʻo Waialua i ka lei ʻuki o ʻUkoʻa a me ka hinahina o Keālia. No laila, he hōʻailona kēlā no ka uluāhewa o ke ʻuki a me ka hinahina ma Waialua. Ma ka moʻolelo, kaulana
ʻo Koʻolau i ka lei hala a me ka lei poʻo pua kō. No laila, he hōʻailona kēlā no ka lupalupa o ka hala a me ke kō ma Koʻolau.
Nānā kākou i kēia lā, ʻaʻole paha ʻike ʻia ʻo kēlā mau lei kekahi mau mea e kaulana ai kēlā mau ʻāina. No ke aha? Malia paha, no ka nui ʻole paha, no ka uluāhewa ʻole paha, no ka lupalupa ʻole paha o kēlā mau lāʻau i kēlā mau ʻāina i kēia mau lā. Malia paha, no ka nele i ka ʻike
ʻole i ka hoʻomākaukau lei. Ua pau paha ka nui o ka lāʻau kaulana o ka ʻāina. ʻAʻole e ulu ana no ka hoʻololi nui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻāina e ka poʻe. Ua kahihi ʻia ka ʻāina e nā lāʻau haole a me nā lāʻau komo hewa i Hawaiʻi nei.
He wahi hoʻomanaʻo kēia iā kākou no nā ʻano o nā lāʻau e ulu pono ma kekahi ʻāina.
Wahi a ka moʻolelo, maikaʻi loa ka ʻāina ʻo Waiʻanae no ka niu a me ka maile lau liʻi, kūpono hoʻi
ʻo Waialua no ke ʻuki a me ka hinahina, a lawa ka ʻāina ʻo Koʻolau i ka hala a me ke kō. ʻO ke kumu pū hala nō kekahi laʻana maikaʻi e ʻike maka ʻia i kēia mau lā. I ka iho ʻana i Kāneʻohe, nui
ʻino nā kumu pūhala e ulu māhiehie nei i laila. No laila, na kākou nō e hoʻihoʻi a e mālama i kēia poʻe lāʻau a Kaualilinoe i wehewehe mai ai i ka ʻāina.
E kuʻu mea heluhelu, mai nō a kūʻai mai i nā lāʻau haole i hoʻonaninani i ko kākou pā hale ponoʻī, a i kanu ʻia i loko o ka ʻāina. Ua nui ʻino nā lāʻau Hawaiʻi nani lua ʻole. E aho paha kākou e koho i ia ʻano mea kanu Hawaiʻi a kanu hou i ka ʻāina. A laila, ke mālama pono ʻia hiki nō iā kākou ke wili, ke haku, ke hili, ke kui i nā lei kaulana o ka ʻāina. E nānā hou kākou i nā
123 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI moʻolelo no ka ʻike e pono ai ka ʻāina me nā lāʻau kaulana, a na kākou nō e hoʻomāhuahua aku i hoʻi hou nā lāʻau ʻōiwi. Ke hoʻi hou paha nā lāʻau ʻōiwi, a laila hoʻi e hoʻi hou ana nō paha nā manu ʻōiwi. ʻO kēia hunahuna ʻike no nā lei kaulana nō kekahi mea waiwai loa a Kaualilinoe i waiho mai ai i hiki ke pono hou ko kākou au e noho nei.
E KUKO KAUA
E hoʻi hou paha kākou i kekahi māhele liʻiliʻi o ka moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka i maopopo leʻa ka manaʻo nui o kēia māhele liʻiliʻi nei o kēia mokuna. Eia nō. I kekahi ahiahi, ua hiaʻā ʻo
Kalelealuaka lāua ʻo Keinohoomanawanui. ʻĪ maila nō hoʻi ʻo Kalelealuaka, “E kuko kaua.”
Kuko maila ʻo Keinohoomanawanui penei, “Ka! hookahi no a’u mea e kau nui ai, o ka uwala no a kakou, o ka puhi hoi ko Hanaloa—hoi mai ka puhi laulau—o ka puhi o ka uwala, kalua pu, a moe ae, o ka apu awa mai no, o ka mahanahana ae o ka uwala me ka puhi, e oki oe i ua mea he ona o ka awa.” Pane akula ʻo Kalelealuaka, “O na hanaiahuhu no a Kakuhihewa, i mau wahine kaua; o na puaa hanai ana na kaua e ai, o na ilio nahumaka, na kaua no e ai, o na koele ai, o na puko kapu, o na ahui maia kapu, na kaua no e ai. Apopo, pii mai o Kakuhihewa i laau hale no kaua, a hiki iuka nei, huhuki ae no i ka awa a Kahauone, a hoomaemae ae a maloo, hoi aku no o
Kakuhihewa a hiki i kai, kukulu i na hale o kaua a paa, a kii mai no ia kaua e haawe a hiki i kai, mama mai no i ka awa a pau, hoka a kihee i ka apu, e hooinu mai no ia’u, a ooki iho ka ona a ka awa, hapai ae no o Kakuhihewa ia’u a hiki i ka hale.”59
E like me kaʻu i wehewehe aku ai i luna aʻe nei, iā lāua e kuko ana i loko o ka hale, aia aku
ʻo Kākuhihewa e kū ana i waho e hoʻolohe mai ana. Pau ke kuko ʻana, hoʻi hou ʻo Kākuhihewa i kahi ona i noho ai, a hoʻākoakoa ʻia maila kona poʻe koa a me kona poʻe kāhuna. Hōʻike akula ʻo
59 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 6,” ʻAukake 06, 1870, 1.
124 NO KALELEALUAKA ia i kēlā mau kuko āna i lohe aku nei, a hoʻoholo ʻia e ko Kākuhihewa, he make ka hopena o nā mea kuko. Akā, hoʻālia akula ke aliʻi nui i kona poʻe, a nīnau akula ʻo ia i kona kahuna ʻike a akamai ʻoi loa hoʻi ʻo Napuaikamao i kona manaʻo.
Ua kiʻi ʻia maila ʻo ia a haʻi ʻia akula i nā kuko. Hoʻoholo ihola ʻo Napuaikamao, he kuko waiwai ʻole ko Keinohoomanawanui. Akā, penei nō kāna i ʻōlelo aku ai no ko Kalelealuaka, “E ke’lii, aia ua kuko, o ke kanaka ia lanakila ko aupuni; o ia, hoounaia na kanaka a pau e pii i ka laau a me ka awa.”60
Ma kēia māhele liʻiliʻi nei, noiʻi ʻia nō ke kumu o ko Napuaikamao hoʻoholo ʻana no nā kuko. He aha ke kumu e waiwai ʻole ai ko Keinohoomanawanui, a he aha ke kumu i ko
Kalelealuaka? Ma kekahi ʻano, he haʻawina nui kēia mau kuko o lāua mai kēia moʻolelo mai nō, a ʻo ia nō paha ka mea i kaulana loa ai kēia moʻolelo. Ma ka huli wikiwiki ʻana ma ka waihona nūpepa ʻo Papakilo, ua kuhi ʻia nā kuko i loko o nā ʻano ʻatikala like ʻole e like me nā moʻolelo a me nā nūhou. Malia paha, ma ka nānā ʻana aku i kēlā mau ʻatikala e ʻike ai kākou i ka manaʻo nui o Napuaikamao.61
ʻO kekahi laʻana mua loa o nā kuko o Kalelealuaka mā, ua ʻike ʻia i loko o nā nūpepa ma mua o ke paʻi ʻia ʻana o ka moʻolelo. Ua kākau ʻo P. R. Holiokoka no Kihalauia, Niʻihau e kūʻē ana i ka manaʻo o B. L. D. Koko. ʻŌlelo maila ua Koko lā, “O ke kuko kekahi mea i emi ai keia lahui, na ke kuko i koi ka manao, a emi ai keia lahui, a kuko wale aku ia hai me ka maka wiwo
60 Kaualilinoe, “Kalelealuaka, Helu 6,” ʻAukake 06, 1870, 1. 61 I loko o ka puke ʻo ʻŌlelo Noʻeau, #1760, wehewehe ʻia, “Ke kuko waiwai ‘ole a Ke‘inoho‘omanawanui. The worthless wish of Ke‘inoho‘omanawanui. A worthless desire that shows no ambition. Ke‘inoho‘omanawanui and his friend, Kalelealuakā discussed one night the things they would like to receive from the ruler, Kakuhihewa, if possible. Ke‘inoho‘omanawanui thought of food, much food. His companion spoke of being the ruler’s son-in-law and achieving honors. Unknown to them, their discussion was overheard and reported to the ruler. Kakuhihewa was angered but was appeased by his kahuna, who told him that the wish for food was indeed worthless but the wish to be his son-in-law showed ambition and a desire to accomplish.” Pukui, ʻŌlelo Noʻeau: Hawaiian Proverbs & Poetical Sayings, 1983.
125 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI ole.”62 Me he mea lā, ke kaukaʻi nui nei ʻo Koko i nā haʻawina o ka Baibala, ʻo ia paha ke kumu o kona manaʻo ʻana. Eia nō kekahi mau laʻana mai ka Baibala e pili ana i nā kuko:
No ka mea, eia, Mai moe kolohe oe; Mai pepehi kanaka oe; Mai aihue oe, Mai hoike wahahee oe; Mai kuko wale oe: a ina he kanawai e ae, ua komo poko ia iloko o keia olelo, o nei, E aloha oe i kou hoalauna e like me oe iho.63 Mai kuko oe i ka hale o kou hoalauna, mai kuko i ka wahine a kou hoalauna, aole hoi i kana kauwakane, aole hoi i kana kauwawahine, aole hoi i kona pipi, aole hoi i kona hoki, aole hoi i kekahi mea a kou hoalauna.64
I ko Holiokoka manaʻo, “he mea waiwai ke kuko, he mea kaulana no hoi, a penei ka waiwai o ke kuko: O ke kuko ka mea i lanakila ai o Kamehameha I, a kuikahi na moku mai o a o, a hui lilo i hookahi aupuni, mamuli o ka mana o ka ikaika o ke kuko, waiwai ai kela mau elemakule o Keinohoomanawanui ma laua o Kalelealuakaha [pn], i kekahi o na'lii kaulana i ka wa kahiko.”65 Malia paha, ʻo kona manaʻo nui, he mea maikaʻi nō nā kuko e pono ai a e pōmaikaʻi ai nā kānaka he nui, ʻaʻole hoʻopōmaikaʻi wale ʻia nō ka mea kuko. E like me kāna laʻana no ko Kamehameha hoʻohui ʻana i ka pae ʻāina ma lalo o hoʻokahi aupuni. He kuko nō ia na Kamehameha, a ua hoʻokō ʻia nō. Akā naʻe, i ka moʻolelo, na Keinohoomanawanui ke kuko waiwai ʻole, a ua waiwai nō kā Kalelealuaka, wahi a Napuaikamao.
Ua kākau maila ʻo G. K. no Waiāhole, Koʻolaupoko penei, “…a o ko’u aikane punahele o kuko ino, keiki hoi maua a Keinohoomanawanui.”66 Kākau maila kekahi mea ʻē aʻe no Hilo mai, “…o na mamo no a Keinohoomanawanui, ua hele a piha loa i ke kuko, ka lili, ka hapuku a
62 B. L. D. Koko, “Lehulehu na kumu i emi ai Keia Lahuikanaka,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Pepeluali 6, 1864, 1. 63 Roma 13:9 Ka Palapala Hemolele, 1838, 334. 64 Pukaana 20:14 Ka Palapala Hemolele, 1838, 150. 65 P. R. Holiokoka, “Olelo Pane aku ia B. L. D. Koko,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ʻApelila 9, 1864, 1. 66 G. K., “E komo ana iloko o ke kihapai.,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Ianuali 6, 1866, 4.
126 NO KALELEALUAKA pela aku.”67 Ua pili paha kēia mau manaʻo iā Keinohoomanawanui a me kāna mau kuko ma ke
ʻano he mea pili i ka lili a me ka makeʻe ʻana i kekahi mea a haʻi, a ʻo ia paha kekahi mea e waiwai
ʻole ai ke kuko. A ʻoiai pōmaikaʻi wale ʻia nō ka ʻōpū o Keinohoomanawanui i kāna kuko, ʻo ia nō paha ke kumu e waiwai ʻole ai kāna. No laila, pehea lā i pōmaikaʻi ai ka poʻe i ke kuko a
Kalelealuaka? Aia nō paha iā S. M. Kamakau ka haʻina.
Wehewehe maila ʻo Kamakau i kekahi mau kuko o Manuia lāua ʻo Kekuanaoa. I ka hoʻihoʻi ʻia ʻana o nā kupapaʻu o ka Mōʻī ʻo Liholiho lāua ʻo kāna wahine ʻo Kamāmalu i Hawaiʻi nei mai Lākana mai nō, noi akula ʻo Manuia iā Boki i pāpū a i awa nona, a ʻo ke kumu nui e kuko ana ʻo ia i ia mau mea, wahi a Kamakau, no ka hanohano hoʻi, akā he hanohano pau koke.
ʻAe maila ʻo Boki. I ka ʻike ʻana o Kekuanaoa i ka ʻae ʻia o ke noi a Manuia, hoʻoholo ihola ʻo ia e noi iā Boki penei, “I hele mai nei au e nonoi aku ia oe i ko’u makakehau…O na kaikamahine a
Kamehameha, i mau wahine na’u.”68 I loko nō o ke ʻano he noi paʻakikī, ua kō nō.
Hoʻohālikelike akula ʻo Kamakau i kēia mau noi a lāua i nā kuko o Keinohoomanawanui lāua ʻo Kalelealuaka, a pēia kāna i wehewehe aku ai, “He waiwai pau koke ke kuko a kekahi; a he waiwai pau ole ke kuko a kekahi.” A hoʻomau akula ka wehewehe ʻana o Kamakau, “E nana iki kakou i kahi moolelo o keia mau kanaka. Ua kuko kekahi i na momona, i na waiwai, a ua ko io no. Ua kuko kekahi i ka mea paakiki, aka, ua ko no nae. Ua hanau mai na keiki me ke kaikamahine a Kakuihewa. Pela paha keia ke nana ae kakou i ka moolelo.” A laila hoʻi, ʻōlelo maila ʻo Kamakau, “He paakiki keia noi, aka, ua ko nae, a ua puka a maka na moopuna alii a
Kamehameha, ua pau koke ka hanohano a me ke kiekie o Manuia. Ua noho ma ka lalani o ka
Noho Moi ka Kekuanaoa.”69
67 “Leta Kapulu o Hilo,” Hawaii Holomua, Nowemapa 18, 1893, 2. 68 S. M. Kamakau, “Ka Moolelo Hawaii, Helu 101,” Ke Au Okoa, Ianuali 28, 1869, 1. 69 Kamakau, “Moolelo Hawaii, Helu 101,” 1.
127 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
A ʻo ia nō paha ka haʻina. ʻO ke noi a Manuia, he hanohano pau koke a he mana pau koke nō. ʻAʻole nō ia he mea i hiki ke hoʻomau ʻia. ʻAʻohe mea i hoʻopōmaikaʻi aku i nā Kānaka, iā ia wale iho nō ka hanohano a me ke kiʻekiʻe, a i kona hala ʻana aku, ua pau koke nō. ʻAʻohe paha o kākou i kēia mau lā kamaʻāina loa i ka inoa ʻo Manuia a me kona pāpū a me kona awa. A pēlā nō paha ke kuko o Keinohoomanawanui, ʻoiai ʻo ka meaʻai wale iho nō kāna i kuko ai, e pau koke ana nō i ka ʻai ʻia. He kuko waiwai ʻole nō.
Eia nō naʻe, no kā Kekuanaoa ua waiwai nō, he hanohano a he mana pau ʻole, no ka mea, ua pili nō i ka noho pū ʻana o kahi aliʻi me kahi aliʻi, a mai ia noho pū ʻana nō i puka mai ai nā lālani aliʻi, a hoʻomau ʻia ka lālani aliʻi, a i ola hoʻi nā iwi o Kamehameha. Hōʻoia akula ʻo
Kamakau i ka waiwai pau ʻole o ko Kekuanaoa kuko ma kona lilo ʻana i ka wehewehe i ka lālani aliʻi. Ma muli o ko Kekuanaoa noi ʻana i mau kaikamāhine a Kamehameha nāna, i hānau ʻia maila ʻo R. Keʻelikōlani, Davida Kamehameha, Mose Kekūāiwa, Lota Kapuāiwa, Alexander
Liholiho a me Victoria Kamāmalu. A laila, wehewehe pōkole maila ʻo Kamakau i nā hana a kēia poʻe keiki. He mau keiki kaulana loa nō hoʻi kēia, a he mau aliʻi nui nō lākou a pau loa. Ua kamaʻāina kākou i nā inoa o kēia poʻe keiki, a ua kamaʻāina nō hoʻi kākou i ka inoa o ko lākou makuakāne, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Kekuanaoa. ʻEʻole ke noi paʻakikī āna, hānau ʻia kēia poʻe aliʻi nui nei a me nā hana a lākou i hana ai i hoʻopōmaikaʻi aku ai i ka lāhui.
Ua like nō hoʻi kēia noi paʻakikī me ke kuko waiwai a Kalelealuaka no ka mea, mai ka noho pū ʻana o Kalelealuaka me nā kaikamāhine, i hānau ʻia ai nā keiki a hoʻomau ʻia ka ʻohana aliʻi o Kākuhihewa. Ua noʻonoʻo nō paha ʻo Napuaikamao, e make ana nō kona aliʻi i kekahi wā, a e lilo ana paha kona aupuni i kekahi aliʻi ʻē aʻe, a i ka hānau ʻia ʻana o nā moʻopuna, pēlā paha e mau ai nā hana, ka moʻolelo, me ka noho aliʻi a Kākuhihewa, a i ola hoʻi kona iwi. A ʻoiai ʻano kamaʻāina paha kākou i kēia inoa ʻo Kākuhihewa, he ʻano hōʻoia paha ia ua ola nō ka moʻolelo o
128 NO KALELEALUAKA
Kākuhihewa i kāna poʻe moʻopuna. No laila, ʻo ke kuko waiwai paha kekahi mea i hoʻomau ʻia a mau, a ʻo nā keiki nō ia mea e mau ai ka ʻohana. I ʻole nā keiki, pau ka ʻohana.
ʻOiai ua hoʻokō wale ʻia nō nā kuko o Kalelealuaka ma mua o kāna hoʻopakele ʻana i ke aupuni o Kākuhihewa, he paʻakikī nō ke noi, no ka mea, i mea e kō pono ai ke noi, pono nō ʻo
Kalelealuaka e kaua pū iā Kūaliʻi, a ʻo ia paha ka mea e paʻakikī ai ke kuko. Malia paha, e make ana ʻo ia i nā lima kāʻili aupuni o Kūaliʻi. Inā ʻaʻole paha ʻo Kalelealuaka i hoʻokō i nā mea e pono ai, na Kākuhihewa nō paha e kīpaku wale aku a hoʻomake wale aku iā ia. E like nō hoʻi me ke kuko nui a paʻakikī hoʻi a Kamehameha, ʻaʻole ka hoʻohui pae ʻāina he hana maʻalahi, he paʻakikī nō. Akā, i ka hoʻokō ʻana, ua ʻano pōmaikaʻi nō kākou i ka noho like ʻana ma lalo o hoʻokahi Mōʻī, nāna hoʻi i hoʻoholomua i ko kākou lāhui.
I koʻu hoʻomaopopo ʻana, he mea leʻaleʻa wale nō ke kuko, a ʻo ia kahi hana punahele paha a nā kūpuna o ke au kahiko. He mau ʻiʻini wale nō kekahi mau kuko, a maʻalahi hoʻi ia e hoʻokō ai. Akā naʻe, ʻo kekahi, ua waiwai pau ʻole nō, a paʻakikī loa ka hoʻokō ʻia ʻana. Ma o nā kuko e moemoeā ai, e hoʻolālā ai, a e hoʻokō ai ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i nā mea a lākou i makemake nui ai.
No laila, wahi a kēia moʻolelo o Kalelealuaka ē, he haʻawina nui ke kuko, mai nā kūpuna mai nō kēia wahi haʻawina. Aia nō i loko o kākou, nā Hawaiʻi, ka pono e ʻiʻini a e kuko nui i nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā mea nui a paʻakikī o ka hoʻokō ʻia ʻana. Aia nō kekahi hana maʻalahi, akā e like me ka manaʻo o nā kūpuna, e kuko i nā mea paʻakikī, no ka mea, ʻo ia ka mea waiwai pau ʻole.
He mea nui nā kuko e hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻia ai ka ʻohana, ka lāhui, a me nā hanauna hou aku. No laila hoʻi, he hoʻomanaʻo hoʻi kēia moʻolelo iā kākou e like me ka ʻōlelo kaulana ʻo “E kūlia i ka nuʻu.” E kūlia hoʻi kākou i ka nuʻu. E kuko nui nō kākou a hoʻokō!
129 MOKUNA II: KA IHU KAE-A -E -A O LIHUE, KAUAI
UA PAU ELUA KOI: HE ʻŌLELO PANINA
Auē nō hoʻi ē e kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu. Ua hiki nō kākou i ka hopena o kēia mokuna nei.
Ua nui hou aku nō nā mea hoihoi loa, nā nīnau a me nā nūnēnūnē no kēia moʻolelo a J. W. K.
Kaualilinoe. I mea aha kēlā poʻe heiau o Kaʻōpele mā? He aha ka pilina o kēia moʻolelo iā
Līhuʻe, Kauaʻi? No ka mea, aia nō ia pana ʻāina i loko o ke poʻo manaʻo, akā ʻaʻole i kuhi iki ʻia ia
ʻāina. He aha ka moʻolelo o kēlā pua kupaianaha ʻo Puaue/Puane a Kalelealuaka? He aha ke kumu i ʻoki poepoe ai ʻo Kalelealuaka iā ia iho ma mua o ka hui ʻana me Kākuhihewa? He nui nō nā mea hou aku e ʻimi noiʻi ai. No kekahi ia kuleana. Ma o kēia wehewehe moʻolelo a kālailai moʻolelo i hoʻolauna ai kākou i kēia moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka kākaʻikahi o ka lohe ʻia, ka pilina o
Pele i kāna mea hoʻomana iā ia, ke kūlana ilāmuku o ka wā kahiko, ka pilina ʻōlelo paʻakikī o ka
ʻaʻapo mai, ka haʻi manawa ma ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi, nā moʻolelo ʻāina a me nā lei kaulana o ka
ʻāina, ke kumu e kuko nui ai kākou a e ʻimi i nā waiwai pau ʻole, a me nā mea e waiwai ai nō hoʻi ka hana a Kaualilinoe. Ke lana mai nei koʻu manaʻo, nāu ana nō e ka mea heluhelu e hoʻi hou i kēia moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka a hoʻomāhuahua hou aku i nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā mea nui a
Kaualilinoe i waiho mai ai. Ua pau nō nā kōī e hoʻomālamalama ana i koʻu wahi e kiu nei i kēia moʻolelo, a eia nō ke ahi koli nei i ke kukui ʻē aʻe.
A PELA LAKOU I NOHO LOKAHI AI…
130 MOKUNA III
KA NIUHI AI HUMUHUMU O KAHULUI I MAUI: NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻAI
I MAOPOPO AI KAHI ONO: HE ʻŌLELO HOʻOLAUNA
ʻO ka moʻolelo ʻo “Ka Moolelo no Kamaakamahiai Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i
Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa, Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui” ka mea lōʻihi loa a J. W. K. Kaualilinoe i palapala ai i loko o nā nūpepa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi. Ua paʻi ʻia ia moʻolelo i ka lā 18 o Iune, M.H. 1870 a hiki i ka lā 21 o Ianuali i ka M.H. 1871 i loko o Ka
Nupepa Kuokoa. He iwakāluakūmākahi ona pukana. Ua paʻi ʻia akula ʻelua pule ma hope aku o ka pau ʻana o kāna moʻolelo i palapala aku ai no Kalelealuaka (i kamaʻilio ʻia i ka Mokuna II o kēia pepa nui, a e nānā i ka Pākuʻina O no ka ʻike hou aku).
ʻO ka mua loa nō kā Kaualilinoe mana o ka moʻolelo o Kamaakamahiʻai i paʻi ʻia ma nā nūpepa. No laila, ma mua o kona palapala ʻana, mai ka waha o nā kūpuna wale mai nō paha kēia moʻolelo. Hoʻokahi manawa hou aku i paʻi ʻia ai ka moʻolelo no Kamaakamahiai ma ke poʻo inoa ʻo “Moolelo Hoonaue Puuwai no Kama.A.Ka.Mahiai [pn] Ka Hi’apa’i’ole o ka Ikaika o ke
Kai Huki Hee Nehu o Kahului.” Paʻi ʻia akula i loko o ka nupepa ʻo Ke Aloha Aina i ka lā 7 o
ʻAukake i ka M.H. 1909 a hiki loa i ka lā 11 o Malaki i ka M.H. 1911. ʻO Hoʻoulumāhiehie ka mea kākau.1 Hoʻomau ʻia nō ka moʻolelo ma ke poʻo inoa like akā, no kā Kamaakamahiʻai pua nani o ke Koʻolau hoʻi ia mau pukana hou ʻo ia hoʻi kāna keiki ʻo Kahelekūlani. ʻO Na-Hau-o-
Maihi–Au Ana i ke Kai ka inoa makapeni o ka mea nāna i kākau i ia moʻolelo. Pau ka puka ʻana
1 Hooulumahiehie, “Moolelo Hoonaue Puuwai no Kama.A.Ka.Mahiai [pn], Ka Hi’apa’iole o ka Ikaika o ke Kai Huki Hee Nehu o Kahului,” Ke Aloha Aina, ʻAukake 7, 1909-Malaki 11, 1911.
MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI o ia moʻolelo i ka lā 2 o Kēkēmapa i ka M.H. 1911.2 Paʻi hou ʻia maila kekahi moʻolelo no ka moʻopuna a Kamaakamahiʻai ma loko o Ke Aloha Aina ma ka inoa ʻo “Ka Moolelo Hooni Puuwai no Keakaoku, ka Moopuna Leo Ole a Kamaakamahiai, a o ke Koa Nana i Wehe i na Pu Kaula a Makalii” i ka lā 3 o Pepeluali a i ka lā 18 o Mei i ka M.H. 1912.3 ʻAʻohe mana hou aku ma ka
ʻōlelo Kanaka a ʻōlelo haole paha ma waho o kēia mau mana i kuhikuhi ʻia i luna aʻe nei.
Ma kēia moʻolelo, aia nō i ka wā o ʻOlopana lāua ʻo Kamalālāwalu e noho aliʻi ana ma ko lāua mokupuni. I Hawaiʻi nui o Keawe a hiki loa i ka home pōhai o nā manu i Kaʻula nā hanana i kēia moʻolelo. He 160 a ʻoi loa aku mau pana i kuhi ʻia i ka moʻolelo. He mau hanauna nō hoʻi ma loko o kēia moʻolelo—he 7 mau hanauna i ka moʻolelo mai nā kūpuna o Kamaakamahiʻai a hiki i kāna mau moʻopuna hanauna helu ʻekolu. (E ʻike i ke Kiʻi I.III i lalo nei.) Mai kahi hanauna a kahi hanauna aku, ua nui ʻino nā moʻolelo hoihoi o nā ʻano meʻe like ʻole i ka moʻolelo—he 100 a ʻoi iki aʻe paha mau inoa meʻe i ka moʻolelo. ʻO nā moʻo akua kekahi mau meʻe hoihoi loa, a na
Marie Alohalani Brown i ʻimi noiʻi nui i ia poʻe moʻo. E nānā aku i kāna puke hou loa e puka koke mai ana.4
2 Na-Hau-o-Maihi—Au ana i ke Kai, “Moolelo Hoonaue Puuwai no Kama.A.Ka.Mahiai [pn], Ka Hi’apa’iole o ka Ikaika o ke Kai Huki Hee Nehu o Kahului,” Ke Aloha Aina, Kēkēmapa 2, 1911. 3 Na-Hau-o-Maihi—Au ana i ke Kai, “Ka Moolelo Hooni Puuwai no Keakaoku Ka Moopuna Leo Ole a Kamaakamahiai a o ke Koa Nana i Wehe na Pu Kaula a Makalii.,” Ke Aloha Aina, Pepeluali 3, 1912; Kuhi maila ʻo Noenoe Silva, he inoa makapeni nō hoʻi ʻo Na-Hau-o-Maihi–Au Ana i ke Kai no Hoʻoulumāhiehie, a he inoa makapeni hoʻi ʻo Hoʻoulumāhiehie no Joseph Mokuʻōhai Poepoe a me kona poʻe hoa ʻimi moʻolelo. ʻO ua Poepoe nei nō ka luna hoʻoponopono nūpepa o Ke Aloha Aina i ia manawa. He pilina nō paha ʻo Kaualilinoe iā Poepoe mā? Koe aku ia. Noenoe K. Silva, The Power of the Steel-Tipped Pen: Reconstructing Native Hawaiian Intellectual History (Durham: Duke University Press, 2017), 146-147. 4 Marie Alohalani Brown, Ka Poʻe Moʻo: Hawaiian Reptilian Deities (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, e hiki mai ana, Ianuali 2022).
132 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I
Kiʻi I.III: Ka Moʻokūʻauhau o Kamaakamahiʻai. Ua nui nō paha ko Mary Kawena Pukui heluhelu ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao lahilahi maoli o nā nūpepa nona kā Kaualilinoe mana o Kamaakamahiʻai, no ka mea, lilo akula paha ʻo ia i ka hana unuhi i ia moʻolelo mai ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi a i ka ʻōlelo haole. Aia i ka waihona palapala kahiko o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Kamehameha kāna i unuhi ai.5 Malia paha, he kumu ʻike nō paha kā
Kaualilinoe mana no Kamaakamahiʻai no kā Pukui puke hōʻahuahu ʻōlelo noʻeau, no ka mea, ua nui nā ʻōlelo noʻeau i loko o kēia moʻolelo, a ʻike ʻia hoʻi kekahi o ia mau ʻōlelo noʻeau i loko o kāna puke e laʻa hoʻi “Aohe pahuna hala a ka maluakele.”6
5 Mary Kawena Pukui, ka mea unuhi., “Legend of Kamaakamahiʻai, Hawaiian Ethnographic Notes (HEN), Vol. 2” (Ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Kamehameha, Honolulu, ʻike ʻole ʻia ka lā paʻi.) 6 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui, Helu 16,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Nowemapa 26, 1870, 1.; ʻŌlelo Noʻeau #201. Ua ʻano kamaʻāina iki paha ʻo Pukui i ka hana a Kaualilinoe, no ka mea, ua unuhi ʻia nō hoʻi ʻo ia i kā Kaualilinoe ʻatikala ʻo “No Manoa a me kona mau hiohiona.” E nānā i ka Mokuna I no ka ʻike hou aku. Mary Kawena Pukui, ʻŌlelo Noʻeau: Hawaiian Proverbs & Poetical Sayings. (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1983).
133 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI
He 59 mau mele ma kēia moʻolelo. E nānā i ka Pākuʻina A1 no ka ʻike hou aku no nā mele a pau. Ua haku ʻia nō ka hapa nui o kēia poʻe mele e ke kāhuli leo leʻa ʻo Kahelekūlani a me kāna keiki leo kapu ʻo Keakaokū. Ua kālailai nui ʻia e Kīhei de Silva ka moʻolelo o kēia poʻe mele i loko o ka moʻolelo o Kamaakamahiʻai. A ua lilo ia ʻo kahi mea nui e ulu aʻe ai ka hoi i loko ona e haku ai i ke mele hou no kona aloha ʻāina no kona ʻāina aloha, a i hoʻōla hou ai i nā moʻolelo o kona ʻāina, a i mau ai nā haʻawina nui o ka moʻolelo i loko o kona ʻohana a me kona kaiāulu.7
Ma kēia mokuna nei, e kālele nui ʻia ana nō kekahi mau mea hoihoi loa mai loko mai o nei moʻolelo o Kamaakamahiʻai. Ma ka māhele mua, e wehewehe pōkole ʻia ana nō kēia moʻolelo. A laila, e hoʻolohe ana nō kākou i ke kani puʻa a ua mea kani o ke Koʻolau ʻo
Keakaokū, a e noiʻi ʻia ana nō kona ʻano he leo kapu i ka wā kahiko. Pau ia hoʻokani puʻa ʻana, e maliu ana nō kākou i nā inoa kapakapa o kekahi mau meʻe ma ke ʻano he meiwi i kū mau i ke
ʻano o ko Kaualilinoe kākau ʻana. Pau ia māhele, a i Kauaʻi ana nō kākou i ke kahua kaua o nā māhū, kekahi mau hoa paio o Kamaakamahiʻai. E kālailai ʻia ana ia hanana a me ko lāua kūlana he māhū. ʻO kaʻu mea e hāpai nei nā mea aʻu i manaʻo ai he hoihoi a he mea nui. Ke lana mai nei kuʻu manaʻo, he maunu ana paha kaʻu i waiho ai ma kēia mokuna nei na nā kānaka ʻē aʻe e komo pū i ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻana i kēia moʻolelo e like me nā lima hana maiau o Brown, Pukui, a me de Silva ma mua oʻu.
NA HIHIPEA O KEIA MOOLELO
Oi noke mau nō ke ʻano o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia moʻolelo e like me nā ʻano moʻolelo kuʻuna ʻē aʻe o Hawaiʻi nei, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka moʻokūʻauhau nō i hoʻokahua ʻia ai ka moʻolelo. E
7 de Silva, “‘Auhea Wale ‘Oe e Kahalakea.”; de Silva, “Ua Pihaku‘i Loko o Ka ‘Oliʻoli.”
134 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I noho mai ana ʻo Pūkī lāua ʻo Hina i Kahului, Maui.8 He noho kuaʻāina nō lāua. He ikaika ʻino nō
ʻo Pūkī, a ʻeleu nō hoʻi ʻo ia i ka ʻoihana mahi ʻai. ʻAʻohe a lāua keiki a i ka hiki ʻana mai o ke aliʻi
ʻo Kauaʻi nona ka inoa ʻo Manouli. Ua noho pū lāua ʻo Hina a puʻu aʻela ka ʻōpū o ua wahine nei.
Waiho maila ia aliʻi o Kauaʻi i nā mea aliʻi e laʻa ka lei niho palaoa, ka ʻahu ʻula, a me ke koʻokoʻo no kāna keiki, a ʻo ka haʻalele akula nō ia. Mai ko lākou pūhaka mai—ʻoiai he punalua nō hoʻi ʻo
Pūkī lāua ʻo Manouli—i hānau ʻia ai ʻo Kū. He keiki kupaianaha ʻo ia ʻoiai ua kū mau nō hoʻi ka pūnohu, a ua wale maila ka uakoko.
He keiki kāne pupuka launa ʻole nō naʻe ʻo ia. I loko nō o kona pupuka a me ka hilahila o kona mau mākua i ka pupuka o kā lākou keiki, ua noho pū ua Kū nei iā Kamaha. Mai ia hihia mai o ke aloha i hānau ʻia ai ʻelima mau keiki; o Lokoʻino (kāne), ʻo Alohaʻole (kāne), ʻo Leialoha
(wahine), ʻo Manaʻo (kāne), a ʻo kā kākou meʻe hiluhilu ʻo Kamaakamahiʻai (kāne) ka muli. I kona hānau ʻia ʻana, ua hiki nō iā ia ke walaʻau. He mau kino nō hoʻi kona; he kino kamaliʻi, a he kino keiki, a he kino makua nō hoʻi kona. ʻAʻohe nō lua i launa like ai me ka ikaika a me ka wiwo ʻole o ua manō hae nei. ʻO kahi mana ona ka lele mai kahi ʻāina a kahi ʻāina mamao loa aku. Ua ʻoi aʻe nō kona kupanaha ma mua o kona makuakāne a me kona kupunakāne. He kupaianaha maoli nō kona ʻano.
Ma o ko Kaualilinoe kākau ʻana i kēia moʻolelo, ua ʻike maka ʻia nō ke ʻano kupaianaha o ua keiki nei mai kona wā e kamaliʻi ana a i kona wā e makua ana. I kona wā kamaliʻi, hāpai aʻela
ʻo ia i palaoa pae mai kai a hiki loa aku ma uka. He lāʻau pālau kāna, ʻo Kūkaʻōʻō kona inoa mai kona poʻe ʻaumākua mai. ʻElua kaʻau anana ka loa o ka lāʻau, ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻehā haneli kanawalu mau kapuaʻi.9
8 Pēlā ʻia ʻo Pūkī, no ka mea, i loko o ka moʻolelo, pēlā ʻia nō ʻo Pu-ki, a he hōʻailona ia kaha no nā kahakō. 9 Ma kahi o ʻeono kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi anana.
135 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI
ʻElua Kaʻau Anana = 2 = 40 = ~6 kapuaʻi ( 2 x 40 ) x 6 = 80 anana x 6 = ~480 kapuaʻi
ʻO kahi mea haʻohaʻo loa o kēia lāʻau nei, he noʻonoʻo kona. Kauoha akula ʻo
Kamaakamahiʻai iā ia e hana i kekahi mea, a ua hiki nō i ua lāʻau nei ke noʻonoʻo iho no ka hana pono e hoʻokō ai i ia kauoha. Pēlā nō paha, no ka mea, he kino kanaka ko Kūkaʻōʻō. Ua hiki nō iā ia ke hoʻomāhele lua iā ia iho a i kino lāʻau a i kino kanaka. No ka ikaika ʻoi loa o
Kamaakamahiʻai, ʻōwili wale aku nō ʻo ia i ka lāʻau i kona lima. Hoʻopiʻo wale akula nō ʻo ia i ka lāʻau a hoʻokuʻu aku i hoʻomake akula i kona poʻe hoa paio.
Me Kūkaʻōʻō nō ʻo ia i kaua wale aku ai i kona mau kaikuaʻana no ka loko ʻino a me ke aloha ʻole o lākou i nā aliʻi kahiko o Maui. Ua hoʻokahuli aku nō ua poʻe kaikuaʻana nei i ke aupuni, a paio akula ʻo Kamaakamahiʻai mā iā lākou e hoʻihoʻi i ke aupuni i nā aliʻi maoli o
Maui. No kona kipaku ʻana i kona poʻe kaikuaʻana, pēlā nō i lilo ai ke aliʻi kaulana ʻo
Kamalālāwalu ʻo ia ka mōʻī o Maui.
Kāhea ʻia maila ʻo Kamaakamahiʻai e hele i Oʻahu e kōkua iā ʻOlopana, ʻoiai ua hao wale
ʻia maila ia aliʻi e Pueonuiokona. Ua lanakila nō ia puhi nau okaoka, a maluhia hou ka ʻāina ma lalo o ʻOlopana. Pau ia kaua ʻana ma Oʻahu, a kāhea hou ʻia maila ʻo ia e kona kupunakāne aliʻi
ʻo Manouli ma Kauaʻi no kona naʻi ʻia e ka poʻe kupu ʻino māhū o Hāʻena. Hele akula i laila, a lanakila hou ʻo ia i ka ʻōwili a moku i nā poʻo o lāua, a hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia akula ka ʻāina iā Manouli.
Ma hope aku, kāhea hou ʻia maila ʻo ia e ke aliʻi o Hawaiʻi ʻo Nalualele no kona kaua ʻia ʻana e
Leho a Uli mā, ʻUalapūlehu a Uli mā, Kūʻīlioloa (he aliʻi no Kaʻū), a me Kapalihoʻokuʻi (ke aliʻi o
136 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I
Puna). Ua hele pū a kōkua akula nā keiki kāne a ʻOlopana a lanakila maila lākou. Akā, i ka wā o ia kaua, ua oʻo nō ka laho, a māluhiluhi koke iho nō ʻo ia. ʻO ia nō kona kaua hope loa.
Ma kona kaua nui ʻana e hoʻihoʻi hou ai i ka pono a me ka maluhia o ka ʻāina, ʻelua āna wāhine. ʻO Keoholupalupa kāna wahine mua, ʻo ia ke kaikamahine a ʻOlopana. ʻO Kahelekūlani kā lāua keiki uʻi o Koʻolau. ʻO Waikumalani nō, ka hānai a Malamainuʻu, kekahi kāne a ua kaikamahine nei, a hānau ʻia maila ʻo Keakaokū, ke keiki leo kapu. ʻO ua Keakaokū nei ke kupunakāne o ka puaʻa ʻeli lua pele kaulana loa ʻo Kamapuaʻa.
ʻO kā Kamaakamahiʻai wahine ʻelua, ʻo ia ʻo Kapaiaʻala, ke kaikamahine a Nalualele. ʻO
Kaʻaeʻamoku kā lāua keiki.10 Ua ʻano like nō ka ikaika o ua keiki kāne nei me kona makuakāne, akā he kanaka wale nō ʻo ia, ʻaʻole nō i like me ke ʻano kupua o kona makuakāne.
I ka wā luhi loa o Kamaakamahiʻai, ʻimi ʻia maila ʻo ia e kekahi kanaka no Niʻihau, ʻo
Koleanuimakaukai no ka hana kipi a pōā hoʻi i laila. Akā, ua hele akula ʻo Kaʻaeʻamoku i Halāliʻi,
Niʻihau. Kāhea akula ʻo ia iā Kūkaʻōʻō a hoʻoili ʻia maila ka lāʻau i ka lima o ua keiki nei. Hakakā akula ʻo ia i ia poʻe kipi pōā a lanakila nō hoʻi ʻo ia. Pēlā nō i hāʻawi ʻia ai ʻo Kūkaʻōʻō iā
Kaʻaeʻamoku, no ka mea, ua maopopo leʻa nō iā Kamaakamahiʻai ka mākaukau loa o kāna keiki.
Nona hoʻi ke kuleana e mālama i ka lāʻau pālau kupaianaha loa.11
No ke koena o ka moʻolelo, ua moʻolelo iki ʻia no nā keiki a me nā mamo a
Kamaakamahiʻai, nā kumu i kapa ʻia ai kekahi mau ʻāina, nā mele nanea, a me ke kākūʻai ʻia ʻo
10 Pēia nō hoʻi ka pela ʻana a ka mea unuhi i kēia moʻolelo, a no ia kumu, hahai aʻela wau i kāna i kuhikuhi mai ai. Mary Kawena Pukui, ka mea unuhi, “Legend of Kamaakamahiʻai, Hawaiian Ethnographic Notes (HEN), Vol. 2” (Ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Kamehameha, Honolulu, ʻike ʻole ʻia ka lā paʻi,) 86. 11 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Iune 18, 1870, 4; Iune 18, 1870; Iune 25, 1870, 1; Iulai 2, 1870, 1; Iulai 9, 1870, 4; Iulai 30, 1870; ʻAukake 6, 1870, 4; ʻAukake 13, 1870, 4; ʻAukake 20, 1870, 4; Kepakemapa 3, 1870, 4; Kepakemapa 24, 1870, 4; ʻOkakopa 1, 1870, 4; ʻOkakopa 8, 1870, 4; ʻOkakopa 15, 1870, 4; Nowemapa 5, 1870, 4; Nowemapa 12, 1870, 1; Nowemapa 26, 1870, 1; Kēkēmapa 10, 1870, 1; Kēkēmapa 24, 1870, 1; Kēkēmapa 31, 1870, 1; Ianuali 14, 1871, 1; Ianuali 21, 1871, 1.
137 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI
Kahelekūlani i moʻo e like me kēlā poʻe moʻo i hānai iā ia a me kāna mau kāne. He moʻolelo mīkololohua maoli nō kēia i hihipeʻa nui ʻia e nā ʻano hana wiwo ʻole, nā hana kupanaha haʻohaʻo, nā hakakā, nā kaua weliweli, nā mele hoʻonanea, a me ka ʻike naʻauao o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna. Ua lawa nō kēia wehewehe pōkole ʻana i kēia moʻolelo, a e aho nō ʻoe, e kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu, e luʻu iho i ke kai niuhi ʻai humuhumu e ʻauʻau pū me Kamaakamahiʻai. Ma ke koena nō hoʻi o kēia mokuna nei, ke lana aʻe nei kuʻu manaʻo, e ʻike ʻia ana nō kekahi mea e hōʻeuʻeu aʻe ana i ka pīhoihoi e heluhelu i ka moʻolelo holoʻokoʻa.
EIA AU LA O KEAKA, O KA LEO KAPU O NA LANI
ʻO Manouli ke kāne, ʻo Hina ka wahine. Noho pū lāua a hānau ʻia ʻo Kū, he kāne. ʻO Kū ke kāne, ʻo Kamaha ka wahine, Noho pū lāua a hānau ʻia ʻo Kamaakamahiʻai, he kāne. ʻO Kamaakamahiʻai ke kāne, ʻo Keoholupalupa ka wahine. Noho pū lāua a hānau ʻia ʻo Kahelekūlani, he wahine. ʻO Waikumalani ke kāne, ʻo Kahelekūlani ka wahine.
Noho pū lāua a hānau ʻia ʻo KEAKAOKŪ, he kāne. ʻO Keakaokū ke kāne, ʻo Keoholaumaewa ka wahine. Noho pū lāua a hānau ʻia ʻo Kahikiʻula, he kāne. ʻO Kahikiʻula ke kāne, ʻo Hina ka wahine Noho pū lāua a hānau ʻia ʻo Kamapuaʻa, he kāne, he puaʻa.
Ma kēia māhele liʻiliʻi nei, no ke keiki leo kapu ʻo Keakaokū, ka moʻopuna a
Kamaakamahiʻai. He hoihoi loa nō kona moʻolelo, no ka mea, he kiʻei nō hoʻi kēia i ka noʻonoʻo
Hawaiʻi nui no kekahi mea i ʻike ʻole nui ʻia, ʻo ia nō ka moʻolelo no ka poʻe hiki ʻole ke ʻōlelo, ka poʻe mumule a kuli hoʻi. I ka wā kahiko ma mua o ka hiki ʻana o ka palapala i Hawaiʻi nei, ʻo ka
ʻōlelo kahi mea nui ʻoi loa i ka poʻe Hawaiʻi, no ka mea, ma o ka ʻōlelo i hoʻomau ʻia ai nā
138 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I moʻokūʻauhau, nā moʻolelo, nā oli, nā mele, a me ka ʻike a pau loa o kākou. No ia kumu paha, ua
ʻāpuʻepuʻe paha ka nohona o kekahi mumule a kuli paha i ka wā kahiko. Akā, he laʻana nui a koʻikoʻi loa nō ka moʻolelo o Keakaokū no ke ʻano e hiki ai i ia ʻano poʻe ke hōʻike i ko lākou manaʻo a maopopo maila nō hoʻi ka manaʻo o ka poʻe ʻē aʻe. E kālailai ʻia ana ka moʻolelo o
Keakaokū i ʻike ai kākou i ka mālama pono i ia poʻe leo kapu i ka wā kahiko.
He kama nō hoʻi ʻo Keakakokū na Kahelekūlani, ke kaikamahine a Kamaakamahiʻai lāua
ʻo Keoholupalupa, a me Waikumalani, ke keiki hānai a Malamainuʻu. I kona wā i hānau ʻia ai,
ʻaʻohe ona leo. Ua hoʻokapu ʻia ihola nō ka leo o ua keiki nei e nā akua o Kahelekūlani, ʻo ia hoʻi
ʻo Kū, Lono, Kāne, Kanaloa, Kaekae a me Maliu mā. ʻO ke kumu hoʻi, ʻo ia kēia, “…he keiki leo awahua keia, ke pane no i kana mea e pane ai ua ho [pn: ʻo “kō” paha ka pololei,] ina e pane ae e make, ua make ae la ia mea, a oia ka hewa o ka leo o ko keiki la…”12
E kamaʻilio iki nō kākou no kēia wahi manaʻo i luna aʻe nei ma mua o ka holo ʻana i mua.
He mea nui nō kēia i ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi no nā keiki mumule, ʻo ia hoʻi nā keiki leo ʻole. I kēia mau lā, kuhi ʻia, no nā keiki i hānau ʻia me ka leo ʻole, he pilikia ko ia keiki. He pilikia nō ko ka ulu ʻana o ia keiki i loko o ka honua o ka makuahine, a i ʻole paha he pilikia ko nā mākua a ili mai ia pilikia ma luna o ke keiki. I ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi ē, ʻaʻole nō paha pēlā. ʻAʻole nō ia keiki he keiki leo ʻole, he keiki leo kapu nō ia. Ke hānau ʻia ke keiki leo kapu, he kumu maoli nō ko nā akua. No ia kumu, ʻaʻole paha ia he pilikia pili i ka lolo a me ke kino e like me ka noʻonoʻo i kēia au nei, akā he mea pili i ka mana. No ka mana nui o ka leo o ke keiki, ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻokapu
ʻia ai ke keiki, a hiki ʻole i ia keiki ke ʻōlelo.
He mea nui nō kēia manaʻo i hāpai ʻia aʻe nei, no ka mea, e aho nō kākou e noʻonoʻo e like me ke ʻano o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna. E haʻalele nō kākou i ia manaʻo he pilikia nō ko ke keiki
12 Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai,” Nowemapa 26, 1870, 1.
139 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI ke hānau kūpono ʻole ʻia. ʻAʻole nō pēlā ka noʻonoʻo o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna no nā keiki. Wahi a lākou, “he lei poina ʻole ke keiki.”13 E like nō me nā lei nani like ʻole o Hawaiʻi nei e hoʻokāhiko
ʻia mai ana ke poʻo a me nā ʻāʻī, he nani lua ʻole nō nā keiki, ʻo ia nā hiwahiwa a nā mākua. Inā hānau ʻia ke keiki me ka leo kapu, ʻaʻole ia he pilikia, he hōʻailona no ka nui o ka mana o ia keiki.
E aho nō kakou e hoʻi hou i ia manaʻo kūlana kiʻekiʻe o nā keiki i hiki iā kākou, nā mākua, ke hiʻi pono aku, a hānai pono aku iā lākou.
I loko o ka moʻolelo, ua hiʻi pono ʻia a hānai pono ʻia ʻo Keakaokū i kai o Mōkapu e
Keaukā, kahi kanaka hilinaʻi nui ʻia e ʻOlopana, ka makuakāne o Kahelekūlani. ʻO ua Keaukā nei kekahi kahu hānai o Kahelekūlani i kona wā e kamaliʻi ana. Nāna hoʻi i aʻo i nā ʻano mea he nui iā Keakaokū. ʻO kekahi hana nui āna i aʻo mai ai, ʻo ia nō ka puhi puʻa.
I kekahi lā, kauoha akula ʻo ʻOlopana i nā kāne a me nā wāhine o Oʻahu nei e ʻimi i wahi puʻa i mea leʻaleʻa no kāna moʻopuna, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ona leo. ʻO ka puʻa, ua kohu like nō paha me ka hōkiokio. Ua huli aku, a huli mai nā kānaka a pau loa ma Oʻahu nei. Kū maila kekahi lōpā kuakea ʻo Keawaʻula, no Waiʻanae, i mua o ke aliʻi e hāʻawi akula iā Keakaokū i puʻa niu, a ua lilo nō ia puʻa ʻo ia ka mea a Keakaokū i hoʻokani ai i kona manaʻo. “…i ke kani ana o ua pu’a nei i Alele, ua lohe oluna o Nuuanu a me lalo o Kualoa…”14 Pēlā nō i hōʻike ai ʻo Keakaokū i kona manaʻo, ma o ke kani o ka puʻa. Ua hiki nō iā ia ke hoʻokani i kāna puʻa, a i ka pā ʻana o ka pepeiao o Mea i ia kani, ua maopopo leʻa nō iā lākou kona wahi manaʻo. Me he oli lā kona kani
ʻana.
Iā ia nō e noho ana i kai o Mōkapu, ʻupu aʻela kona aloha i kona makuahine. Kani aʻela ka puʻa a lohe ʻia e kona makuahine ma kona wahi i noho kaʻawale ai i ʻĀlele. Kākau ʻia, “Ma
13 ʻŌlelo Noʻeau #740. Pukui, ʻŌlelo Noʻeau, 1983. 14 Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai,” Nowemapa 12, 1870, 1.
140 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I keia hookani ana a ua keiki nei, ua hai aku oia i kona inoa a me kona ano, oiai aohe ona leo, he ole loa no, maloko wale no o ka pu’a kana mau olelo, a ma ia kani ana no hoi i lohe mai ai kona
Mama i ka hai mai i kona ano a pau.” Pane hou aʻela ʻo Kahelekūlani ma ka hāpai ʻana i wahi oli. A laila, pēlā nō lāua i aloha aku ai a i aloha mai ai ma loko o ka moʻolelo—ma o ke kani puʻa a me ka leo oli. E nānā i ka Pākuʻina A1 no ka papa helu o ko lāua oli/kani ʻana.
He nani nō hoʻi ke aloha pau ʻole o Keakaokū lāua ʻo kona makuahine ʻo Kahelekūlani, a he nani nō kēia laʻana no ke ʻano e hiki ai i ua keiki leo ʻole nei ke hōʻike i kona manaʻo i loko nō o ke kapu loa o kona leo. Ma o ka hoʻokani puʻa nō ia. Malia paha, pēlā nō paha i ʻōlelo ai ka poʻe leo kapu i ka wā kahiko. E nānā paha kākou i kekahi hana hoihoi hou aku i hana ʻia i ka wā kahiko i mea e hōʻike manaʻo ai ka poʻe leo kapu.
Ua pili nō nā keiki leo ʻole me ke keiki kuli. Akā, ʻaʻole nō i ʻōlelo ʻia, he kuli nō ʻo
Keakaokū. ʻO kahi e pili ai kēia mau mea ʻelua, ua hiki ʻole nō paha ke ʻōlelo me ka leo. Malia paha, ua like nō paha ke ʻano i hōʻike ʻia ai ka manaʻo e ka poʻe leo ʻole a me ka poʻe kuli. ʻO ke kuhi lima paha kekahi o ia hana.
I ka M.H. 2013, ua hōʻoia ʻia e Linda Lambrecht, Barbara Earth, a me Ke Kulanui o
Hawaiʻi, kekahi ʻano ʻōlelo ʻōiwi o Hawaiʻi nei, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻŌlelo Kuhi Lima Hawaiʻi. Ua ʻokoʻa nō ka ʻŌlelo Kuhi Lima Hawaiʻi, a ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi ka ʻŌlelo Kuhi Lima ʻAmelika ma nā ʻano kuhi lima like ʻole.
ʻO Linda Lambrecht kekahi kumu aʻo ʻōlelo kuhi ma ke Kulanui Kaiāulu ʻo Kapiʻolani.
ʻO ka ʻŌlelo Kuhi Lima Hawaiʻi kāna ʻōlelo kuakahi. Na lāua nō ʻo Barbara Earth, kāna haumāna, i ʻimi aku i ka moʻolelo no ka ʻŌlelo Kuhi Lima Hawaiʻi. I ko lāua huli ʻana aku, ua loaʻa maila kahi leka mai loko mai o nā waihona palapala kahiko. Na Hiram Bingham i kākau i kēia wahi leka nei i ka M.H. 1821 iā Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet. Wehewehe mai ana ʻo ia e pili ana i kekahi mau hana kuhi lima a kahi Kanaka kuli āna i ʻike maka ai. I kona leka, hele maila ke
141 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI kāne i mua ona e kūʻai aku i ka wahie a me kekahi puaʻa. Ua hiki ʻole i ia Kanaka ke walaʻau, akā ma kona kuhi lima ʻana i hōʻike ai i kona manaʻo. Penei nō kā Bingham, “…the deaf & dumb man immediately communicated the intelligence to me…To signify the quantity that was to come to me, he put his hands together 4 times so as to save his fingers…at each time giving a very little nod, counting off four tens…”
Hoʻomau akula ua Bingham nei i kāna leka,
At another time, he came to me expressing a desire to sell one a hog which he said he had at home. He … me that it was long extending his arms in one right line, it was large…his hands and arms in a natural position to express magnitude, it was ready for slaughter, putting his finger suddenly to his throat with great intensity of look and manner.
A laila hoʻi, wehewehe hou akula,
‘You may go and see for yourself’ — pointing firstly to me then towards his house…his two forefingers so as to point directly forward from his temples or the corner of his eyes, enclined a little downward, & starting enquistively with a little quick motion of his head & eyes as if narrowly examing something before him.
Hoʻākāka maila ʻo Bingham i kāna leka, ua hiki nō i nā Kānaka kuli a me nā Kānaka hoʻolohe a pau ke hoʻomaopopo kekahi i kekahi ma o kēia ʻano kuhi lima ʻana. No laila, ua ʻano laha loa nō paha ia ʻano ʻōlelo.15 ʻOiai naʻe, ʻaʻole nō ʻo Bingham i kuhi akula i ka poʻe leo kapu, malia paha, no ka laha loa o ka ʻōlelo kuhi lima, pēlā nō paha i hōʻike manaʻo ai ua poʻe leo kapu nei.
I koʻu kamaʻilio ʻana me kekahi hoa oʻu nāna i kōkua i ia papahana ʻimi noiʻi ʻōlelo kuhi lima o Hawaiʻi, haʻi maila iaʻu no ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi ʻike kuhi lima ma nā nūpepa i kona huli ʻana
15 Ua huki ʻia maila nā laʻana a Hiram Bingham mai kā Lambrecht pepa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole nō wau i ʻike maka i kāna leka. Hiram Bingham to Thomas H. Gallaudet, “Personal Letter Addressed to Rev. Thomas H. Galludet, Principal of the Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Hartford, Conn. Written at Sandwich Island Woahu,” Pepeluali 23, 1821; Barbara Earth and Linda Lambrecht, “History of Hawaiʻi Sign Language and Hawaiʻi Deaf People” (Honolulu, 2014). Hōʻoia maila ʻo Lambrecht i ka like loa o kekahi o ia kuhi lima i ʻike maka ʻia e Bingham me ke ʻano ʻŌlelo Kuhi Lima Hawaiʻi o kēia au.
142 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I aku.16 Akā, ʻo kaʻu mea e hāpai aʻe nei, ʻo ia paha kēia ʻano hōʻike manaʻo ʻē aʻe me ka leo kapu mai ka wā kahiko loa mai nō, ʻo ia ke kani puʻa.
ʻO ka hōkiokio nō paha ke ʻano o ke kani puʻa. No laila, he ʻōlelo kani puʻa a he ʻōlelo hōkiokio nō paha ko Keakaokū, a ua maopopo nō paha ia ʻōlelo i ka poʻe Hawaiʻi a pau loa. E kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu ē, ua kāhāhā nō paha ka manaʻo i ka heluhelu ʻana mai i kēia wahi ʻōlelo nei a ko kākou poʻe kūpuna a me kēia ʻano ʻōlelo hōkiokio i ka wā kahiko. Akā, he kani nō ka
ʻōlelo maoli mai ka waha mai ke hoʻopili ʻia me kekahi manaʻo, ʻo ia nā hua ʻōlelo. Ke kanikani nui ʻia, ʻo ia nō kekahi hopunaʻōlelo. No laila, ʻaʻole nō ka ʻōlelo hōkiokio he mea ʻē loa. ʻAʻole wale nō ma Hawaiʻi nei ka ʻōlelo hōkiokio, a ua ʻano kamaʻāina nō paha ka hapa nui o kākou i kekahi mana ʻōlelo hōkiokio e kani nei i kēia mau lā.
Eia kekahi mau laʻana. I koʻu wā e kamaliʻi ana a hiki loa i kēia mau lā e neʻe nei, he ʻōlelo hōkiokio ko koʻu makuakāne. Ke hōkiokio maila ʻo ia i kahi kani kikoʻī, a maopopo leʻa iā mākou, nā keiki, kona manaʻo e hōkiokio ana. ʻO kekahi kani, he hōkiokio kāhea keiki e hoʻi mai e pāʻina paha, a e hoʻomaʻemaʻe paha. ʻO kekahi kani, he hōkiokio hoʻopaʻi nō ia e hoʻi koke mai mākou, no ka mea, ua kū nō mākou, nā keiki, i ka pilikia. ʻO kekahi kani, he hōkiokio kāhea ʻīlio. Ma waho aku o ka ʻōlelo hōkiokio a koʻu makuakāne, he kani paha ia i ʻano kamaʻāina iā kākou. ʻO ia paha ka hōkiokio mahalua a ke kāne e kāhea ana i nā wāhine.
He mau laʻana pōkole wale nō ia, a ʻaʻole nō ia poʻe laʻana he ʻōlelo nui. Akā, ma kekahi
ʻāina mamao loa, lohe pepeiao ʻia nō kekahi ʻōlelo hōkiokio e kani mau nei i kēia mau lā. Aia nō i ke kai ʻo ʻAkelanika, i ka pae ʻāina ʻo Kenele, ma ka mokupuni ʻo La Gomera, kani ʻia nō ka ʻōlelo hōkiokio i kapa ʻia ʻo Silbo Gomero. He ʻōlelo maoli nō ia i hōkiokio ʻia i ka wā kahiko, a aia nō
16 Ākeamakamae Kiyuna, No Ka Poʻe Kuli, He Kūkaʻi ʻŌlelo, Ianuali 26, 2021.
143 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI kekahi poʻe e hoʻokani mai nei i ka hōkiokio. Ke aʻo ʻia nei nō ka poʻe kamaliʻi i ka ʻōlelo hōkiokio
ʻo Silbo Gomero i loko o ka hale a i loko o ka lumi papa i kēia mau lā.17
He ʻōlelo maoli nō kēia, a no ia kumu, he ʻōlelo maoli nō ka ʻōlelo hōkiokio Hawaiʻi. Inā hiki nō i ka poʻe Gomera ke kamaʻilio ma o ka hōkiokio, ua hiki nō hoʻi i ko kākou poʻe kūpuna.
Mai poina ē, ua akamai loa nō ko kākou poʻe kūpuna, no laila, nui koʻu hilinaʻi i ka naʻauao o lākou i ka ʻōlelo hōkiokio i loko nō o ka lohe ʻole ʻia o kekahi mau laʻana i kēia mau lā. Aia nō ka
ʻoiaʻiʻo i loko o ka moʻolelo, a ua lawa nō ia. Aia a huli aku kākou i nā moʻolelo i loaʻa mai ai ka
ʻoiaʻiʻo.
He puʻa kani hoʻonaʻauao nō ko Keakaokū, no ka mea, he hoʻonaʻauao nō ia iā kākou i kēia mau lā. Ua nui nō hoʻi nā haʻawina ma ke kālailai ʻana i ka moʻolelo o Keakaokū a me kāna puʻa. ʻElua nō hoʻi haʻawina nui ʻoi loa ma koʻu kālailai ʻana. ʻAkahi, ʻaʻohe pilikia o nā keiki hānau ʻia me ka leo kapu, nui wale nō kona mana. ʻAlua, e like me ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi a me ka
ʻŌlelo Kuhi Lima Hawaiʻi, he ʻōlelo hōkiokio kā ka Hawaiʻi. ʻAʻohe nō naʻe wahi Kanaka e noho nei nona ka poeko i ka ʻōlelo hōkiokio Hawaiʻi. Pehea ana e hoʻōla hou ʻia ai kona kani ʻana? Ma o kēia ʻano moʻolelo kahiko nei no ke keiki leo kapu e like me Keakaokū. E kani mau kāna puʻa.
NO KA NIUHI AI HUMUHUMU & KE KAHULI LEO LEA
Ma kēia māhele liʻiliʻi nei, e kālele ʻia ana nā mea e Hawaiʻi ai nā inoa kapakapa. I ka noiʻi
ʻana aku i kēia wahi moʻolelo nei no Ka Niuhi ʻAi Humuhumu, ʻo ia ʻo Kamaakamahiʻai, he mau manawa nō hoʻi koʻu heluhelu ʻana i kēia moʻolelo hoihoi loa. I kēlā me kēia manawa aʻu i heluhelu aku ai i ka moʻolelo, ua hele a akāka leʻa nō hoʻi ka puni o J. W. K. Kaualilinoe i nā inoa
17 Sonia Matos, “Here We Don’t Speak, Here We Whistle: Mobilizing a Cultural Reading of Cognition, Sound and Ecology in the Design of a Language Support System for the Silbo Gomero” (Ka Pepa Laeʻula, England, University of London, Goldsmiths’ College (United Kingdom, 2010).
144 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I kapakapa. Ua ʻano kākaʻikahi loa nō kona kuhi ʻana i kahi meʻe ma kona inoa ponoʻī, ʻo ka mea maʻamau hoʻi, kuhi ʻia akula ma ko ia meʻe inoa kapakapa. No koʻu maʻa ʻole i ka nui o ia mau inoa, ua mākoeā nō ka hoʻomaopopo pono ʻana i ka meʻe e kuhi ʻia nei. Ma hope o ka heluhelu
ʻana a me ka heluhelu hou ʻana a me ka heluhelu hou ʻana, a laila hoʻi i maopopo iki ai.
ʻO ia nō kahi mea nani e Hawaiʻi ai ka moʻolelo.
No kēia hoʻohana nui ʻia o nā inoa kapakapa i loko o ka moʻolelo, kapa ʻia nō hoʻi ia ʻano hana he meiwi (e wehewehe koke ʻia ana kēia manaʻo ma lalo nei.) He mea nui nā inoa a me nā inoa kapakapa iā Kaualilinoe—ʻo kekahi mea, he inoa kapakapa nō kona inoa. (E wehewehe nui
ʻia kona inoa kapakapa a me ka hana kapa inoa kapakapa i ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi i ka Mokuna IV.)
ʻOiai he mea nui nō nā inoa iā Kaualilinoe, kau nō kuʻu noʻonoʻo e kālailai i kekahi mau inoa i loko o kēia moʻolelo i hōʻoia ʻia ai ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi.
Ma kēia māhele liʻiliʻi nei, e wehewehe iki ʻia ana ka manaʻo nui o ia mea he meiwi a me ia mea he meiwi inoa. A pau ia, e kālailai ʻia ana kekahi mau inoa kapakapa o Kamaakamahiʻai lāua ʻo Kahelekūlani i ʻike leʻa ʻia ai ka loina nui o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o nā inoa kapakapa i ka moʻolelo Hawaiʻi a me ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, a i ʻike leʻa ʻia ai hoʻi ke aloha nui o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i ka ʻāina, ke kai, a me nā mea a pau loa a puni lākou.
NO IA MEA HE MEIWI
He hua ʻōlelo hou loa nō ʻo “meiwi,” ʻoiai hoʻi ʻaʻole nō paha ia he hua ʻōlelo i hoʻopuka ʻia mai ka waha mai nō o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna. Na ke Kōmike Huaʻōlelo Hou i haku. He hoʻohui
ʻia nō ka hua ʻōlelo ʻo “mele” a me “iwi,” a ʻo ia nō nā mea e paʻa ai nā mele, nā moʻolelo, nā kākāʻōlelo, a me nā haʻiʻōlelo ma ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi.18 ʻO Larry Lindsey Kimura,
18 “Traditional elements of Hawaiian poetry, story telling, oratory, and narration.” Kōmike Huaʻōlelo, Mamaka Kaiao: A Modern Hawaiian Vocabulary (University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2003), 135.
145 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI
Hiapokeikikāne Kichie Perreira, a me kuʻualoha hoʻomanawanui kekahi mau Kānaka e kālailai nui nei i ia poʻe meiwi.
Wehewehe maila ʻo Kimura, penei, “‘O ka meiwi (mele + iwi) ka hua‘ōlelo i haku mua ‘ia no ka makemake i huaʻōlelo mana‘o laulā e ka‘a ai ma lalo ona nā ‘ano ku‘una Hawai‘i laulā i lohe ‘ia ma ke mele, ha‘i mo‘oka‘ao, kākā‘ōlelo a ho‘opāpā paha. Ua haku mua ‘ia no ka ho‘ohana ‘ana ma ka papa haku mele i mea e kilo ‘ia ai ia ‘ike ku‘una.”19 Kūkaʻi ʻōlelo hou akula
ʻo Perreira me ua Larry Kimura nei, wehewehe hou maila ʻo ia me kēia nei, “He lāli‘i iwi Hawai‘i ka meiwi i haku ‘ia ai a pa‘a ke mele Hawai‘i, ka mo‘olelo Hawai‘i, ka ha‘i‘ōlelo Hawai‘i, a mea like ho‘i, a pa‘a ia ma kona ‘ano e ‘ike ‘ia ai he Hawai‘i i ke ‘ano o ka ‘ōlelo me ke kuana‘ike
Hawai‘i o loko.”20
Hōʻoia ʻia akula e Perreira he 24 mau meiwi.21 I ka hana ʻimi noiʻi a hoʻomanawanui, ua hōʻoia ʻia he 44 mau meiwi Hawaiʻi.22 ʻO ka inoa kapakapa kekahi meiwi e launa ai kā lāua ʻimi noiʻi. Wahi a ia kumu haka ʻula, “He ho‘omana‘o i nā inoa ‘āina nona mai kekahi hanana a huaka‘i paha, a hāme‘e mo‘olelo nō ho‘i, a me ka inoa kapakapa e kaulana nei.”23 A ma loko o ia poʻe inoa, he mea nui ke kaona. I ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi, he moʻolelo nō nā inoa, a he moʻolelo nō ko nā inoa.24
19 Larry L. Kimura, “Nā Mele Kau o ka Māhele Mua o ka Moʻolelo ʻo Hiʻiakaikapoliopele na Joseph M. Poepoe: He Kālailaina me ke Kālele ma Luna o nā Kuʻinaiwi Kaulua” (Pepa Laeoʻo, Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Hilo, 2002), 2. 20 Hiapokeikikāne Kichie Perreira, “He Kiʻina Hoʻokuanaʻike Mauli Hawaiʻi Ma Ke Kālailai Moʻolelo,” ma Hūlili: Multidisciplinary Research on Hawaiian Well-Being, Puke 9 (Honolulu, HI: Kamehameha Publishing, 2013), 53–114, 61. 21 Perreira, 53–114, 61. 22 kuʻualoha hoʻomanawanui, “Meiwi Mele: Kanaka Maoli Poetic Devices & Strategies,” ʻike ʻole ʻia ka lā paʻi. 23 Perreira, “He Kiʻina Hoʻokuanaʻike,” 53–114. 24 kuʻualoha hoʻomanawanui, Voices of Fire: Reweaving the Literary Lei of Pele and Hiʻiaka (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2014), 43.
146 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I
Kākoʻo maila ʻo Marie Alohalani Brown i ka mea nui a waiwai hoʻi o kēia poʻe meiwi i kāna i hana ai no ka mālama ʻana i ka moʻolelo kanaka no John Papa ʻĪʻī, penei,
A legacy of oral tradition, these strategies [nā meiwi hoʻi] also preserve ‘Ōiwi knowledge and kuana‘ike (worldview). Whoever uses meiwi either to structure or to analyze narratives insures that ola nā (me)iwi (meiwi live). To perpetuate meiwi is to perpetuate our culture, so being attentive to how ‘Ī‘ī uses these rhetorical strategies also provides further insight into how writers like him not only navigate transitions from traditional to Western-influenced institutions, but also how they weave their written narratives as literary extensions of an enduring oral tradition.25
ʻO nā inoa kapakapa kekahi meiwi e haʻi hou ai i kekahi moʻolelo ma waho aku o nā palena o nā nūpepa. Ma o kēia poʻe inoa kākou e kiʻei ai i nā loina, nā hana, a me ka ʻike kuʻuna o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna. Ke ola nā meiwi, ola nō hoʻi nā iwi!
ʻO nā inoa kapakapaka kekahi mea e mīkololohua ai ka moʻolelo. I ka wā kahiko, inā
ʻōlelo ʻia a heluhelu ʻia nō paha kekahi inoa kapakapa, ua maopopo maila ka mea nona ia inoa a me ka moʻolelo o ia inoa. Iā kākou hoʻi i kēia mau lā, ua ʻano laha kekahi mau inoa kapakapa, no laila, e like me ko kākou poʻe kūpuna, ua maopopo paha iā kākou ka mea nona ia inoa kapakapa a me ke kumu o ka inoa. Eia nō kekahi mau laʻana.
Ka Wahine ʻAi Honua Ka Wahine Kapa Hau Ka Wahine o ka Liʻulā Ke Keiki Hoʻopāpā o Puna
He wehewehe nō kēlā me kēia inoa i luna aʻe nei no kekahi meʻe. E ka mea heluhelu ē, ua kau paha kekahi meʻe i kou waihona noʻonoʻo, ke heluhelu ʻia ia poʻe inoa kapakapa? Inā ua maopopo nō paha ka moʻolelo, maopopo maila nō hoʻi ke kaona o nā inoa. I loko nō naʻe o ka maopopo me ka ʻole, kaha ʻia kahi kiʻi i ka waihona noʻonoʻo i ka heluhelu ʻia a me ka lohe ʻia o kēia mau inoa no nā mea nona ia mau inoa. E like hoʻi me kēia. Ke heluhelu ʻia ʻo Ka Wahine
25 Brown, Facing the Spears, 27.
147 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI
ʻAi Honua, noʻonoʻo nō paha no kahi wahine e ʻai ana i ka ʻāina. Ke heluhelu ʻia ʻo Ka Wahine
Kapa Hau, kau aʻela nō paha ka manaʻo i kahi wahine ʻaʻahu ʻia i ke kapa o ka hau. No laila, ua lilo nō nā inoa kapakapa ʻo ia nō kahi mea nui i ka moʻolelo ʻana i mea e akāka ai ke ʻano o ka meʻe i loko o ka moʻolelo ʻoiai i ka wā kahiko ʻaʻohe kiʻi e hōʻike aku ai no ka moʻolelo e haʻi waha
ʻia ana a e heluhelu ʻia ana mai loko mai o ka nūpepa.
No kēia moʻolelo nei, ua nui nō nā inoa kapakapa, no ka mea, ua makemake nō ʻo
Kaualilinoe e ʻike naʻau i ka poʻe meʻe o ia moʻolelo. ʻO Kamaakamahiʻai lāua ʻo Kahelekūlani ua nui ʻino no ko lāua mau inoa kapakapa i loko o ka moʻolelo ma mua o nā meʻe ʻē aʻe. He 27 mau inoa kapakapa o ia Manō Hae o Kahului a he 18 o ia Uʻi o Koʻolau. No ka nui o nā inoa kapakapa, ua maʻalahi ka hele ʻana a huikau. Akā, i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana mai e pili ana i kēlā me kēia meʻe i loko o ka moʻolelo, ua hiki nō ke ʻike leʻa ʻia ka meʻe ma o kona ʻano, a ua kū nō kēia poʻe inoa kapakapa i ia ʻano. Ua koho ʻia nō kekahi mau inoa e hōʻike aku ai akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ana e wehewehe hou ʻia aku ia mau inoa a pau o loloa wale auaneʻi kēia pepa. I wae ʻia maila nō kekahi mau inoa hoihoi i akāka hoʻi ai ka manaʻo nui a me ke kaona o kekahi mau inoa.
No Kamaakamahiʻai, kā kākou meʻe o kēia moʻolelo, ua ikaika launa ʻole nō ʻo ia no kona
ʻano kupua. ʻAʻohe mea e like ai me kona wiwo ʻole. No ia kumu, ua kū nō kona mau inoa kapakapa ma ia ʻano ʻo ka ikaika a wiwo ʻole hoʻi e like me kēia:26
Ka niuhi ai humuhumu o Kahului Ke [pn] puhi nau okaoka Pihi huhu Ahi kanana Ka Pukoa ku o ka Moana Kaulahiwa moa peku oolea o Kahului
26 ʻO “Ka niuhi ai humuhumu o Kahului” a me “Ke [pn] puhi nau okaoka” kekahi mau inoa kapakapa ma ke poʻo manaʻo o kēia moʻolelo. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai,” Iune 18, 1870, 4; Kuhi ʻia ʻo “ Kaulahiwa moa peku oolea o Kahului.” Iulai 30, 1870, 4; Kuhi ʻia ʻo “Pihi huhu”. ʻAukake 6, 1870, 4; Kuhi ʻia ʻo “ahi kanana. ʻAukake 13, 1870, 4; Kuhi ʻia ʻo “ Ka Pukoa ku o ka Moana.” Kepakemapa 3, 1870, 4.
148 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I
Ua pili loa nō kēia mau inoa a pau loa i kekahi mea ikaika loa. Koe naʻe ka laʻana hope loa, ua pili loa nō nā inoa i kekahi mea noho i kai. ʻO ka manō a me ka puhi kekahi mau aliʻi kānaioa o ke kai, a noʻonoʻo nui ʻia e Kānaka no ka pākela ʻai o lāua.
KE PUHI NAU OKAOKA
No kēia mea he puhi a me kona kūlana aliʻi ma ke kai ma ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi, ʻōlelo maila ʻo Daniel Kahaulelio, “O kekahi keia [ka puhi] o na i’a kiekie loa o ka inoa.”27 ʻO kekahi manaʻo ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka puke ʻŌlelo Noʻeau, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo “pūhi [pn] niho wakawaka.”28 No ka nui a ʻoiʻoi loa o ia puhi, he weliweli nō ia, ke launa mai.
Kuhi akula ʻo Titcomb lāua ʻo Pukui i kekahi mau ʻano puhi ma Hawaiʻi nei. ʻElua hoʻi o ia mau puhi—ka puhi kāpā a me ka puhi paka—o ia nei nō paha nā ʻoi loa o nā puhi weliweli.
Ua kaulana nō kēia ʻano puhi ʻelua i ka nahu ʻana i nā manamana o ke kanaka.29
Wahi a ko kākou poʻe kūpuna, ʻaʻa maila ka puhi kāpā i ka ʻāina no kona hele ʻana ma uka mai o ka ʻaekai a peʻe i loko o ka mauʻu o uka. A no ia ʻano makaʻu ʻole o ka puhi, ʻōlelo ʻia, “He pūhi [pn]i kumu one, he iʻa ʻino.”30 ʻŌlelo hou aku ko kākou poʻe kūpuna no ka hiki i kēia wahi puhi kāpā nei ke piʻi aʻe a i luna o ke kumu lāʻau hala, a ke kāʻalo akula ke kanaka iā lalo o ia puhi kāpā noho kumu lāʻau, hāʻule ʻo ua puhi nei i luna o ke kanaka. ʻO ia paha kekahi manaʻo o ka
ʻōlelo noʻeau, “he pūhi [pn] ka iʻa oni i ka lani.”31
27 D. Kahaulelio, “Ka Oihana Lawaia,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Iune 20, 1902, 4. 28 ʻŌlelo Noʻeau #2720 Pukui, ʻŌlelo Noʻeau, 1983. 29 Margaret Titcomb, Native Use of Fish in Hawaii, Illustrated edition (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1972), 144-147. 30 ʻŌlelo Noʻeau #928 “A metaphor for a dangerous person.” Pukui, ʻŌlelo Noʻeau, 1983. 31 ʻŌlelo Noʻeau #926 Pukui, ʻŌlelo Noʻeau, 1983.
149 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI
ʻO ka puhi paka nō paha ka ikaika ʻoi loa o nā puhi a pau loa. He hana paʻakikī loa ka hoʻopae ʻana i ka puhi paka. E ʻaʻa mau ʻo ia i ka makau a ka lawaiʻa. Moni iho ka puhi paka i ka makau, a hoʻomoku i ke aho a haʻalele me ka makau a me ka maunu. Inā ua hiki ʻole i ka puhi ke hoʻomoku i ke aho, huhuki ʻo ia i ke aho a hoʻi hou akula i loko o kona ana a kōmi paʻa i ke aho.
Noho paʻa ihola ʻo ia i loko o kona ana me ka wehena ʻole, a inā pēlā ʻo ka uhae a moku wale iho nō o ka puhi ka hana e hoʻopae ai i kēia puhi mauaʻālina launa ʻole.32
I ka puke ʻo Hawaiian Fishing Traditions, wehewehe ʻia maila kekahi puhi i kapa ʻia ʻo ka
“puhi pahu.”33 E like nō hoʻi me ka puhi kāpā a me ka puhi paka, kaulana loa ia i ka nahu manamana. He puhi ia e ʻai nuʻu i nā iʻa a pau loa, a no kona ʻai nui ʻana he mehameha nō hoʻi ke kāheka. Ua pau loa nō nā iʻa i ka ʻai ʻia. ʻAʻole nō i wehewehe iki ʻia kēia iʻa i loko o kā Titcomb lāua ʻo Pukui puke. Eia nō naʻe, ma ke kālailai ʻana i ke ʻano o kēia puhi, ua akāka loa nō ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ʻo ia he puhi pahu.
He ʻano ʻupena ka pahu. ʻAʻole nui loa ka ʻike i loaʻa mai iaʻu no ke ʻano ʻupena pahu o ka wā kahiko, akā ʻo ko Pukui manaʻo i ka ʻōlelo haole, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻupena gill. He ʻano ʻupena lawe pau i nā iʻa i hihia i loko o kona poʻe maka. ʻO kona poʻe maka hoʻi, he liʻiliʻi wale nō. Lōʻihi loa nō hoʻi ka ʻupena pahu. Ma kekahi wahi o ka honua nei, pāpā ʻia nō kēia ʻano ʻupena, no ka mea, hei ʻia nā mea a pau loa ʻaʻole nō wae ʻia nā iʻa, he lawe pau loa nō i nā mea i makemake nui ʻia a me nā mea i makemake ʻole ʻia e laʻa hoʻi ka manō, ka honu, ka hīhīmanu, ka naiʻa, ka
ʻīlioholoikauaua, a ia ʻano mea hou aku. A i ka manawa i hoʻihoʻi ʻia ai ka ʻupena pahu i kahi o ka lawaiʻa, ua make loa nō kēlā poʻe iʻa i ka hihia a paʻa i loko o ka ʻupena a i ʻole no ka piholo ʻana.
32 Margaret Titcomb, Native Use of Fish in Hawaii, Illustrated edition (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1972), 144-147. 33 Moke Manu, Hawaiian Fishing Traditions (Honolulu: Kalamakū Press, 2006), 146.
150 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I
He minamina hoʻi kau. No laila hoʻi, e like nō me kēia mea he ʻupena pahu, lawe pau ʻia nā iʻa a pau loa i loko o ke kāheka e ka puhi pahu.
KAULAHIWA MOA PEKU OOLEA O KAHULUI
ʻO ka hapanui loa o nā inoa kapakapa o Kamaakamahiʻai, he mau inoa pili i ke kai.
Hoʻokahi manawa wale nō i kapa ʻia ai ma kekahi inoa moa. He manu kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa nō ka moa, a hoʻohana ʻia nō kona poʻe hulu no nā mea hulu o nā aliʻi, e like hoʻi me kēia ʻōlelo noʻeau i kuhi maila, “He ali‘i ka moa.”34 ʻO ka moa, he mea ikaika a weliweli loa nō ia no kāna hana he hākā moa. I ka moʻolelo o Kekūhaupiʻo, kahi koa kaulana i ka wā iā Kamehameha, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he moa lawa. “He kūlana moa lawa ko ia nei ʻano, ʻo ia hoʻi he nui a kihikihi ka umauma, a he
ʻuʻuku wale hoʻi ka pūhaka, a he moa lawa ko ia nei kūlana hakakā ma kēia mua aku.”35
Wehewehe hou maila ʻo Tiani Akeo-Basques, he kumu moʻolelo Hawaiʻi/ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, a he mamo nō hoʻi na ka mea kākau i kēia moʻolelo no Kekūhaupiʻo, ke lawa ka ʻike i nā hana kaua, he moa lawa ia a mākaukau hoʻi e hoʻouka i ka hakakā. He loea nō kona ʻano.36
ʻO Lepeamoa, Kaʻauhelemoa, a me Hoʻokahikaniakamoa kekahi mau moa kupua kaulana loa i ka hākā moa me ka wiwo ʻole.37 He mea hoihoi loa nō kēia, no ka mea, ma ka noʻonoʻo haole ē, he hōʻailona ka moa no ka makaʻu a me ka hūpō. ʻAʻole naʻe pēlā i ka noʻonoʻo
34 ʻŌlelo Noʻeau # 535 “The rooster is a chief. The rooster sleeps on a high perch. His feathers are used in kāhili, which are the symbols of chiefs.”] Pukui, ʻŌlelo Noʻeau, 1983. 35 Stephen Langhern Desha, He Moʻolelo Kaʻao No Kekūhaupiʻo: Ke Koa Kaulana o Ke Au o Kamehameha Ka Nui, ka luna hoʻoponopono, Lōkahi Antonio (Hilo: Hale Kuamoʻo, 1996), 6. 36 Tiani Akeo-Basques, No Ka Moa Lawa, He kūkaʻi ʻōlelo me ka mea kākau, Iune 7, 2020. 37 Samuela K. Kapohu, “He Kaao No Kauilani, Ke Kupueu o ka uka o waokele o Kawaikini i Wailua, Kauai, a me kana poe mamo aku,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Kepakemapa 18, 1869; “He Molelo [Pn] Kaao No Kamapuaa,” Ka Leo o Ka Lahui, Iune 25, 1891, 4.
151 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI
Hawaiʻi, he ikaika wiwo ʻole a akamai hoʻi ka moa. No laila, e noʻonoʻo hou kākou no ke kūlana moa, no ka mea, ʻo ia kahi hana a kākou e haʻalele ai i ka noʻonoʻo haole.
UA KAHULI LEO LEA NEI
No Kahelekūlani, ke kaikamahine nani lua ʻole a ka manō hae, ua kaulana loa nō ʻo ia i kona nani a me kona oli. No ia mau kumu, ua kū nō kona mau inoa kapakapa ma ia mau mea e like me kēia:38
Pua oi-kelakela nei o na pali hauliuli o ua Koolau la Ua pua nani nei o ke Koolau Ua pua nei o ka hilu Ua pua nei o ka Ohawaiuli i ka nahele Ua kahuli leo lea nei
Ua pili loa nō kona nani i nā pua a me ka ʻāina, me he mea lā, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nei kona nani me ka ʻāina a me nā mea e hoʻokāhiko ʻia nei ka ʻāina. He laʻana maikaʻi nō hoʻi kēia no ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi. ʻO ka mea nani ʻoi loa, i ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi, ʻo ia ka ʻāina, a like nō hoʻi ka nani o Kanaka me ka nani o ka ʻāina.
ʻO kona inoa kapakapa ʻo “ua kahuli leo lea” kekahi inoa hoihoi loa iaʻu. ʻO kēlā poʻe kāhuli, kaulana loa nō hoʻi lākou i ko lākou mele ʻana i loko o ka nahele. Ua kohu like nō kona inoa me kahi ʻōlelo noʻeau no ua poʻe kāhuli nei, ʻo ia kēia, “Ke kāhuli leo le‘a o ka nahele.”39 No
38 Kuhi ʻia ʻo “Pua oi-kelakela nei o na pali hauliuli o ua Koolau la.” J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui, Helu 10,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Kepakemapa 24, 1870; Kuhi ʻia ʻo “Ua pua nani nei o ke Koolau.” ʻOkakopa 1, 1870; Kuhi ʻia ʻo “Ua pua nei o ka hilu.” Nowemapa 12, 1870; Kuhi ʻia ʻo “Ua pua nei o ka Ohawaiuli i ka nahele.” Kēkēmapa 10, 1870; Kuhi ʻia ʻo “Ua kahuli leo lea nei.” Ianuali 14, 1871. 39 ʻŌlelo Noʻeau # 1717 “The sweet-voiced kāhuli landshell of the forest. A compliment to a sweet-voiced person.” Pukui, ʻŌlelo Noʻeau, 1983.
152 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I ia leo kaulana o lākou, kuhi nui ʻia akula lākou i loko o nā mele e like me kēia mele kaulana ʻo
Piano Ahiahi:
Hoʻolono i ka leo o ke kāhuli Leo honehone i ka pili o ke ao.40
I nā moʻolelo, ua lohe ʻia maila nō hoʻi nā leo leʻa o ka poʻe kāhuli i loko o ka moʻolelo ʻo
Laukaʻieʻie. No kā ua Laukaʻieʻie nei hilinaʻi nui i kekahi kāhuli, hoʻouna ʻia akula kahi kāhuli e
ʻimi i kāne nāna.41 I ka moʻolelo no Lāʻieikawai, hāpai ʻia aʻela nā leo o ka poʻe kāhuli i mea e hoʻolaha ai i ka hoʻāo ʻia o Lāʻieikawai.42
He kūpono maoli nō ka inoa kapakapa ʻo kāhuli leo leʻa no Kahelekūlani, no ka mea, ʻo ia nō ka helu ʻekahi o nā mea oli i loko o ka moʻolelo. No kona haʻo nui ʻana i kona ʻohana i ka noho kaʻawale ʻana, hāpai mau aʻela ʻo ia i nā oli i lohe ʻia mai kahi mamao loa aku mai e heahea nei i loko o ka nāhelehele. He 59 mele ma ka moʻolelo. He 31 a Kahelekūlani oli i oli ai, a ua ʻoi aku nō ia heluna ma mua o nā mea oli ʻē aʻe. ʻO Keakaokū, kāna keiki, ka mea ma lalo ona, he 10
āna oli. E nānā i ka Pākuʻina A1 no ka ʻike hou aku.
Eia kekahi, he hōʻailona aliʻi nō ke kāhuli. No ia kumu, ua kūpono nō ke kapa ʻia ʻana o
Kahelekūlani ma ia inoa, no ka mea, he kūlana aliʻi nō ʻo ia. ʻO ua kāhuli leo leʻa nei nō ka moʻopuna a ʻOlopana, ke aliʻi nui o Oʻahu, a me Manouli, ke aliʻi nui o Kauaʻi. E nānā i ke Kiʻi
I.III no kona moʻokūʻauhau.
40 Mary Kawena Pukui and Alfons L. Korn, The Echo of Our Song: Chants and Poems of the Hawaiians (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1979), 106-107; Ma kēia ʻatikala nei, kuhi ʻia akula kekahi mau mele hou aku i kuhi ʻia ai ke kāhuli. Aimee You Sato, Melissa Renae Price, and Mehana Blaich Vaughan, “Kāhuli: Uncovering Indigenous Ecological Knowledge to Conserve Endangered Hawaiian Land Snails,” Society & Natural Resources 31, helu 3 (Malaki 4, 2018): 320–34. 41 Moses Manu, “He Moolelo Kaao Hawaii no Laukaieie,” Ka Leo o ka Lahui, Ianuali 2, 1894–Iune 29, 1895. 42 S. N. Haleole, Ke Kaao o Laieikawai: Ka Hiwahiwa o Paliuli, Kawahineokaliula (Honolulu: Henry M. Whitney, 1863), 149.
153 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI
No ke kapa ʻia ʻana o ke kanaka no ke kāhuli, he mea ia e hoʻohanohano ai i nā kāhuli, no ka mea, he mea ia e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ai ke kanaka i ke kāhuli. I kēia mau lā, he minamina nō ko kākou noʻonoʻo nui ʻole no kēia poʻe kāhuli, me he mea lā, ua hala loa nō ka manaʻo nui o ke kāhuli iā kākou. E like nō hoʻi me nā inoa hoʻohanohano e pili ana i nā moa, he inoa nō kēia e hoʻomanaʻo iā kākou i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o ka poʻe kāhuli.
Ua nui ʻino nō paha nā ʻano kumu like ʻole i poina ai kākou o kēia au i ka waiwai o ke kāhuli. ʻO kahi mea, ʻo ia paha ke kākaʻikahi o ka ʻike maka ʻana iā lākou. I ka wā ma mua, ua ʻeu nō ke kāhuli ma nā nāhelehele o Hawaiʻi nei. Akā, ua haʻalele nō lākou i kēlā mau ʻāina no ka hehi ʻino ʻia e nā kānaka, e nā ʻiole, nā kāhuli haole ʻai kāhuli ʻōiwi, a ia ʻano mea hou aku. Ke
ʻane halapohe nei nō kēia poʻe kāhuli.43 No kekahi ʻano kāhuli Hawaiʻi, ua hele a kaulana loa nō
ʻo ia ʻoiai ʻo ia ka hope loa o kona ʻano. Ua kapa ʻia ihola ʻo ia ʻo George. Akā, i ka M.H. 2019 i loko nō o ka hana hoʻopakele a kekahi mau poʻe noiʻi a mālama kāhuli, ua make loa ʻo ia me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi hoa hou no ua George nei e hoʻoulu hou ai i kona lāhui. He 14 ona makahiki.44
Inā e mau ana nō ka hala ʻana o ka moʻolelo Hawaiʻi no kēia poʻe kāhuli iā kākou, pēia ana hoʻi ka hala ʻana o nā kāhuli a pau me ka hoʻi hou ʻole. ʻAʻohe paha o kākou nanea iki i ka leo leʻa o ke kāhuli, a ʻaʻole ana kākou e hoʻolohe hou i kā lākou mele inā ʻaʻohe nō kākou e hoʻomanaʻo i ka mea nui o lākou a e mālama pono aku iā lākou ma o ka mālama pono ʻana aku i ko lākou ʻāina e noho nei. ʻO kahi ala e hoʻomanaʻo hou ai kākou i kēia poʻe kāhuli, ʻo ia nō ka
43 Aimee You Sato, Melissa Renae Price, and Mehana Blaich Vaughan, “Kāhuli: Uncovering Indigenous Ecological Knowledge to Conserve Endangered Hawaiian Land Snails,” Society & Natural Resources 31, helu 3 (Malaki 4, 2018): 320–34. 44 Christie Wilcox, “World’s Loneliest Snail Dies, and a Species Goes Extinct,” National Geographic, Ianuali 8, 2019, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2019/01/george-the-lonely-snail-dies-in- hawaii-extinction/.
154 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I hoʻomau ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i kēia poʻe moʻolelo nei no Kahelekūlani, no Lāʻieikawai, a no Laukaʻieʻie.
KA IWA
Ua pili i ke kai ka hapa nui o nā inoa kapakapa o ua puhi okaoka nei, a ua pili nō i ka
ʻāina ka hapa nui o nā inoa kapakapa o ua pua uʻi nei o Koʻolau. ʻO kahi hoʻi e launa ai ke ʻano o ko lāua inoa, ʻo ia nō ka ʻiwa. Penei,45
Ka iwa Loupali [Kamaakamahiʻai] Ka iwa hoi o na pali Koolau [Kahelekūlani]
He manu nui nō ka ʻiwa. Noho nō ʻo ia i ka ʻāina akā, ʻimi hele ʻo ia i ke kai i ka mea ʻai. ʻO ia paha kekahi mea e pili ai kēia inoa iā Kamaakamahiʻai a me kona mau inoa pili kai a iā
Kahelekūlani a me kona mau inoa pili ʻāina.
No kēia inoa ʻo ka ʻiwa loʻu pali, he kūpono loa nō paha ia inoa no Kamaakamahiʻai, no ka mea, he manu nui a ikaika loa nō hoʻi ʻo ia e ʻaʻa ana i ke kai kūpikiʻō e like nō hoʻi me ka nui a ikaika hoʻi o ua keiki ʻaʻa nei i nā ʻano kupua like ʻole. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā loʻu pali kahi e noho palekana ai ka poʻe ʻiwa. A e like nō hoʻi me kēia loʻu pali nei, he ʻiwa nui e hoʻoloʻu ana me he pali lā i mea e hoʻopalekana ai i ka poʻe nāna e ʻimi ana iā ia i kōkua e pale aku i nā ʻano ʻino like
ʻole.
No kēia inoa ʻo ka ʻiwa hoʻi o nā pali Koʻolau, ua pili nō paha iā Kahelekūlani no kekahi mau kumu. ʻAkahi, ʻoiai he kani nō ko ka ʻiwa, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nō paha ia kani me ka leo oli
45Kuhi ʻia ʻo “Ka iwa Loupali.” Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai,” ʻAukake 13, 1870, 4; Kuhi ʻia ʻo “ka iwa hoi o na pali Koolau.” Kepakemapa 3, 1870, 4.
155 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI o Kahelekūlani. ʻAlua, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e ko kākou poʻe kūpuna, he kaona ko ka ʻiwa no kekahi kanaka mekila, e like me kēia mau ʻōlelo noʻeau nei.46
645 He ‘iwa ho‘ohaehae nāulu. An ‘iwa that teases the rain clouds. A beautiful maiden or handsome youth who rouses jealous envy in others. 1795 Kīkaha ka ‘iwa he lā makani When the ‘iwa bird soars on high it is going to be windy. Said of a nice-looking, well-dressed person. 1796 Kīkaha ka ‘iwa i n[ā] pali. The ‘iwa bird soars over the cliff. Said of a well-dressed person.
ʻAkolu, ʻo kekahi manaʻo ʻē aʻe o ka ʻiwa, ʻo ia hoʻi he ʻano lāʻau kohu like paha me ka palapalai, ke nānā aku. He nonohe wale nō hoʻi kēia ʻano lāʻau. Inā pēlā, hoʻohālikelike ʻia nō paha kēia inoa no ka nani o Kahelekūlani me ka nani o ka ʻāina e like nō hoʻi me kona poʻe inoa kapakapa
ʻē aʻe pili i nā pua nani o ka ʻāina.
Inā noʻonoʻo wale ʻia nō no ka hua ʻōlelo, ʻaʻole hoʻi ka manaʻo, he hōʻailona nō kēia kapa
ʻia ʻana o Kamaakamahiʻai a me kāna keiki ma ka inoa o ka ʻiwa no ko lāua pilina ʻohana. ʻO ia nō paha kekahi ʻano kaona a Kaualilinoe i waiho malū ai i loko o kēia mau inoa.
He mau kaona nō ko nā inoa, ʻo ia hoʻi, he mau moʻolelo ko nā inoa. Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia meiwi inoa kapakapa i nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi ke haʻi waha ʻia a ke kākau ʻia. I ka pā ʻana iho o ka pepeiao o ka mea hoʻolohe, a i ka heluhelu ʻana aku o ka mea heluhelu i kēia poʻe inoa, kaha
ʻia kekahi kiʻi o ka meʻe nona ia inoa kapakapa i loko o ka waihona noʻonoʻo, a he mea ia e ʻike nohi ai i ka moʻolelo.
He ala nō nā inoa kapakapa e ʻike ai kākou i ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna no nā mea a lākou i ʻike maka ai. E like nō hoʻi me kēia: he mau aliʻi weliweli loa nō ka manō a me ka puhi. He loea hakakā ka moa. He puʻukani leo leʻa ke kāhuli o ka nahele, a he mau hōʻailona nō ia no nā aliʻi. He ikaika wiwo ʻole nō hoʻi ka ʻiwa i kona noho pali ʻana a me kona
46 ʻŌlelo Noʻeau # 645, # 1795, # 1796. Ua hōʻano hou iki ʻia nō kekahi mau hua ʻōlelo i kū ai i ke ʻano o ka pela ʻana i kēia au. Pukui, ʻŌlelo Noʻeau, 1983.
156 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I huakaʻi ʻana i ke kai, a e like nō hoʻi me kona kīkaha walea ʻana i ka lani, ʻo ia like nō hoʻi me ka nani o Kānaka. He mea nō nā inoa e hoʻohālikelike mau ai i ka nani o Kānaka e like me ka nani o ka ʻāina, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe nō lua e like ai me ka nani o ka ʻāina. Pēlā nō e ʻike ai i ke aloha
ʻāina o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna ma o ke kapa ʻia ʻana o nā kānaka ma nā inoa pili ʻāina.
He loea maoli nō ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i ka haku ʻana i nā inoa hohonu i ke kaona, i wili mau ʻia me nā ʻano moʻolelo like ʻole. He mea nui nō hoʻi ko kākou hoʻomaopopo ʻana aku i ko lākou haku ʻana i mau ai ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi ma ko kākou kapa ʻana i nā inoa a me ko kākou haku hou ʻana i nā hua ʻōlelo hou o ʻauana wale auaneʻi kākou mai ke ala o ko kākou poʻe i waele ai no kākou. Nui a koʻikoʻi kēia ʻano noʻonoʻo no nā inoa kapakapa i ka ʻōlelo Kanaka, a inā makeʻe hoʻi kākou e kūlike kā kākou ʻōlelo me kā lākou, he pono nō ka ʻaʻapo ʻana o pau auaneʻi ka ʻōlelo Kanaka a ko kākou poʻe kūpuna a me nā moʻolelo i hūnā ʻia i nā inoa. Ke ʻaʻapo pono, a ola hoʻi kēia mau inoa, i ola hoʻi ko kākou moʻolelo, ko kākou poʻe kūpuna, a me ko kākou noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi.
KOKOKOMO UA MAU MAHU NEI ILOKO O KE ANA
Ua kākaʻikahi nō hoʻi nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi e pili ana i ka poʻe māhū. ʻO ia nō kekahi mea nui e waiwai loa ai kēia moʻolelo kahiko a J. W. K. Kaualilinoe i kākau ai no kona moʻolelo pōkole ʻana no kēia poʻe māhū i ka wā kahiko. No nā māhū nō kēia wahi māhele liʻiliʻi nei. Aia nō i loko o kēia māhele liʻiliʻi nei ke hāpai ʻia aʻe nei ʻelua ʻano manaʻo nui. ʻAkahi, ua ʻokoʻa ka manaʻo nui o ia mea he māhū i ka wā kahiko, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ka manaʻo nui o kākou i kēia au nei.
ʻO ka mea e pilikia ai kēia mau manaʻo nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ke komo hewa ʻana mai o ka noʻonoʻo haole i ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi. I mea hoʻi e akāka iki ai ia mea he māhū, e wehewehe ʻia ana nō ka manaʻo nui o ia mea he māhū e like me nā mea i ʻike ʻia i loko o nā moʻolelo kahiko, a mai nā waha mai nō o ka poʻe māhū o kēia au nei. ʻAlua, na ia komo hewa nō paha o ka noʻonoʻo haole i
157 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI alakaʻi hewa iā Kaualilinoe i kona kākau ʻana i ka māhele no nā māhū “kupu ino” i ka moʻolelo no Kamaakamahiʻai ʻoiai ua ʻano ʻokoʻa loa ko nā māhū kūlana ma kēia moʻolelo, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ke kūlana māhū i nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi ʻē aʻe.
A i like hoʻi me ke ana o ka poʻe māhū i loko o kēia moʻolelo i noho palekana ai, ke hāpai aʻe nei wau i kēia wahi māhele ma ke ʻano he ana palekana a he puʻuhonua paha e kokokomo mai ai nā manaʻo no nā māhū e hoʻonui aʻe ai ko kākou ʻike no ia kūlana he māhū. E nānā mua nō kākou i ka moʻolelo o kēia poʻe māhū o Hāʻena.
Makemake nō wau e hoʻākāka i kekahi manaʻo ma mua o ka luʻu piha ʻana i kēia kumuhana nei. Malia paha, he kupu ʻino nō nā māhū i loko o kēia moʻolelo ma muli o ko lāua hana ʻino iā Manouli mā ma Kauaʻi. ʻAʻole nō paha pili ko lāua ʻano ʻino i ko lāua kūlana he māhū, ua pili wale i kā lāua hana. Ma nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, aia nō nā aliʻi maikaʻi me nā aliʻi ʻino, nā kupua maikaʻi me nā kupuna ʻino, a me nā manō maikaʻi me nā manō ʻino, a he nui hou aku nā laʻana. Akā, ʻo kaʻu mea nui e kuhi nei i loko o kēia ʻoiai ʻo nā moʻolelo ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka poʻe māhū, ʻaʻole nō i noʻonoʻo ʻia he mea ʻino. He mau mea maikaʻi nō lākou. He moʻolelo ʻokoʻa loa nō kēia no nā māhū. He kumu nō paha ko laila? Ua hiki wale nō ke hoʻohuoi i ke kumu maoli.
Malia paha, no ke komo hewa ʻana mai o ka noʻonoʻo haole, ʻaʻole paha.
Pae akula ua manō hae nei i ka ʻāina o kona kupunakāne, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Manouli, ka mōʻī o
Kauaʻi, a ma hope iki mai, hōʻea akula kona mau kaikuaʻana. ʻO ke kumu o ko Kamaakamahiʻai hele ʻana i Kauaʻi no kona manawa mua, ʻo ia kēia, ua kāhea ʻia ʻo ia i loko o kekahi moemoeā e hele i Kauaʻi e kaua i nā “kupu ino,” ʻo ia hoʻi nā māhū o Hāʻena. Akā, no kēia kaua, “aole kela he kaua na ke kanaka, aka, he kaua na ke kupua.” Ua ʻane pau loa ka ʻāina o kona kupunakāne i ka ʻai ʻia e kēia mau māhū, koe wale nō ʻo Wailua, ka ʻāina hoʻokahi e koe ana o kona kupunakāne. He “enemi” ikaika launa ʻole nō hoʻi kēia poʻe kupua māhū. ʻO ka hohoa kā lāua
158 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I mau mea kaua (e wehewehe hou ʻia aku ana kēia manaʻo ma lalo nei.)47 ʻAʻohe mea ma Kauaʻi i hiki ke lanakila ma luna o lāua.
ʻAe maila ʻo Manouli iā Kamaakamahiʻai i ka ʻike ʻana i kona lei niho palaoa, kona ʻahu
ʻula, a me kāna koʻokoʻo, ʻoiai ʻo ia nā mea a Manouli i hāʻawi ai iā Hina ma ke ʻano he mau mea e hōʻoia ai ʻo kāna keiki ponoʻī nō ia. ʻO ko lākou pāʻina akula nō ia a māʻona ka ʻōpū. Ua pō ke ao, a i ke ao ʻana aʻe, halulu ana nā māhū aia i waho o kahi i hina ai nā keiki a ʻOlopana i ka moe. Puka akula lāua i waho me ka ʻōwili ʻana i nā lāʻau kaua. Kuʻu aʻela ka lāʻau a kahi keiki o
ʻOlopana, a ʻo ka peku wale akula nō ia a kahi māhū i ka lāʻau. Ua ʻoi loa aʻe ka ikaika o kēia poʻe māhū ma mua o nā keiki Koʻolau.
Puka aʻela ʻo Kamaakamahiʻai mai kona wahi i moe ai a kāhea aʻela ʻo ia i kona poʻe
ʻaumākua e kiʻi i kāna lāʻau nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Kūkaʻōʻō. ʻEmo ʻole a kapalili ana ua Kūkaʻōʻō nei i ka lima o Kamaakamahiʻai. Kēnā akula ua ʻeuʻeu nei o Maui i kāna wahi lāʻau kupaianaha e hahai aku nō i kēlā poʻe māhū me ka hoʻi hou ʻole a aia a make nō hoʻi nā kupu ʻino.
Lele aʻela ua poʻe māhū nei, a lele a uhai wale aku nō ʻo Kūkaʻōʻō iā lāua. Ua lele aʻela nō lākou a puni ʻo Kauaʻi a hiki loa i Makana ma Hāʻena, kahi i noho ai ia poʻe māhū i loko o kekahi ana. Kāhea aʻela kahi māhū i ke ana o lāua me ka ʻōlelo ʻana, “e ana e huaina,” a ʻo ka wehe aʻela nō ia o ka waha o ke ana. Kokokomo ana ua mau māhū nei i loko o ke ana, a pani ihola ka waha o ke ana.
He ʻelua anahulu a ʻoi iki aʻe ka lōʻihi o ko Kūkaʻōʻō kali ʻana ma waho o ke ana i ka puka hou ʻana aku o ua poʻe māhū nei. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo ia a hoʻoholo ʻia e hoʻomāhele lua i kona kino— hoʻokahi kino kanaka, a hoʻokahi kino lāʻau. Kāhea akula ke kino kanaka i ke ana e huaʻina aʻe, a
47 ʻO ka hohoa nō hoʻi kēlā ʻano lāʻau i hoʻohana nui ʻia e ka poʻe kuku kapa. ʻO ka mea maʻamau paha, ʻaʻole nō ia he mea kaua, he pono hana i ke kuku kapa.
159 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI
ʻo ka hāmama aʻela nō ia o ke ana. ʻIke ʻia maila nā māhū a pani koke hou ihola ka waha o ke ana. Akā, ua koʻo akula ke kino lāʻau i ka waha o ke ana a ua hiki ʻole ke pani pono. Puoho aʻela nā māhū me ka ʻōlelo ʻana penei, “e ola maua, i loaa ke kipa ana a kou haku, ke noho a kulia e ka manao hele mai ma keia wahi, ua loaa hoi ka makamaka o keia wahi o maua, aole hoi e kuleleiwi ka noho ana, ea mai he ai ia maua he i-a ia maua ola ka noho ana.”48 Akā, ʻaʻole nō pēlā ka ʻōlelo kauoha a kona haku, ua hiki ʻole iā Kūkaʻōʻō ke hoʻi hou a aia a make nō hoʻi ia poʻe māhū. A laila, ʻōwili ʻia nā poʻo o ua māhū nei a moku, a pau nō hoʻi lāua i ka make. Hoʻi hou maila ʻo
Kūkaʻōʻō i kahi o kona haku me nā poʻo o nā māhū, a laila hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia akula ke aupuni o
Kauaʻi iā Manouli.
NĀ MANAʻO NUI NO IA KŪLANA HE MĀHŪ
E kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu, e ʻoluʻolu, inā ʻoe e makemake nei e hoʻomaopopo pono i ka manaʻo nui o kēia māhele liʻiliʻi ma ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi, e aho nō e haʻalele i ka manaʻo nui i ka noʻonoʻo haole no kēia mau ʻōlelo ʻo lesbian, ʻo gay, ʻo bisexual, ʻo transgender, ʻo queer a ia ʻano mea hou aku (LGBTQ+), no ka mea, he ʻano ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi kēia manaʻo ma ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi. I kuʻu wahi manaʻo, i kēia au o kākou, me he mea lā, hoʻohui wale ʻia nō kēia mau poʻe nona kēia mau hua ʻōlelo i loko o hoʻokahi hui a noʻonoʻo hewa paha kākou he hui hoʻokahi wale nō kēia mau poʻe. ʻAʻole paha kēlā he pololei. He kaiāulu hoʻokahi nō, a he kāne nō wau ma loko o ia kaiāulu, akā ua ʻokoʻa kahi hui, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi kahi hou aku. Pēia nō kaʻu e kuhi nei, no ka mea,
ʻokoʻa loa nō ka noʻonoʻo, ka nohona, ka hana, ka pilikia, ka moʻolelo, ka hoʻokae ʻia a ia ʻano mea hou o kahi hui, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi kahi hui aku.
48 Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai,” Kepakemapa 3, 1870, 4.
160 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I
Ua hiki ʻole iā kākou ke unuhi pololei wale i ka manaʻo nui o kēia mau manaʻo mai ka
ʻōlelo haole a i ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi. He pili nō paha kēia mau hua ʻōlelo haole i kuhikuhi ʻia i luna aʻe nei i ka hua ʻōlelo o “māhū.” Akā, ua ʻano ʻokoʻa iki nō ke kūlana a me ke kuleana o ka māhū, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ke kūlana a me ke kuleana o nā mea nona ia mau hua ʻōlelo haole i luna aʻe nei. Eia naʻe, ua ʻano loli iki paha ko kākou, nā Hawaiʻi, manaʻo nui no kēia mea he māhū, no ka mea, ua mauhaʻalina ʻia kākou i ia puke kaumaha a ka poʻe haole, ʻo ka Baibala nō hoʻi ia. He wahi leo paipai wale nō kēia e hoʻi hou kākou i nā kumu a me nā moʻolelo kahiko i hoʻākāka hoʻi ai i kēia manaʻo he māhū.
ʻO kaʻu manaʻo e hāpai nei, ʻo ia kēia, ʻaʻole paha ka moe aikāne ʻo ka manaʻo nui o
“māhū.” Kapa ʻia ia ʻano hana e Davida Malo he moe aikāne.49 ʻO ka māhū nō kahi kanaka nona ka ʻike pili i ka ʻaoʻao kāne a me ka ʻaoʻao wahine, a pili nō hoʻi ka manaʻo nui o ka “māhū” i ia mea he pikoʻu, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano e kū ai ka mauli ponoʻī o ke kanaka.50 ʻElua paha kumu i hele ai a pili loa kēia manaʻo nui o “māhū” i ke kāne moe kāne a wahine moe wahine paha. ʻAkahi, ʻo kēlā poʻe moe aikāne nō paha ka poʻe maʻamau nona ka ʻike ʻaoʻao kāne a me ka ʻike ʻaoʻao wahine. ʻAlua, ʻo ia nō ke komo hewa ʻana mai o ka manaʻo nui o ka poʻe haole i loko o ko kākou noʻonoʻo. No ka mea, inā nānā hou ʻia nā moʻolelo o ka wā kahiko, he hana maʻamau ke kāne moe kāne a wahine moe wahine hoʻi. Ua hana nui ʻia kēlā ʻano hana e nā aliʻi, a ʻaʻole paha i
49 Malo, The Moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, ka luna hoʻoponopono, Jeffrey Lyon, Puke 1, 607-609; He hua ʻōlelo nui loa nō kēia, a e aho nō e hoʻonui aʻe i ko kākou ʻike no kēia mea he aikāne. Ua maiau loa nō hoʻi ka hana a Jamaica H. Osorio i kona kālailai ʻana i kēia pilina aikāne. E heluhelu aku nō i kāna i noiʻi ai no ka ʻike hou aku. Jamaica Heolimeleikalani Osorio, “(Re)Membering ‘Upena of Intimacies: A Kanaka Maoli Mo‘olelo Beyond Queer Theory.” (Pepa Laeʻula, Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa, 2018). 50 ʻO “pikoʻu” kekahi hua ʻōlelo hou loa aʻu i lohe aku ai, a hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke ʻano he hua ʻōlelo e wehewehe ai i ia mea he identity. K. Kawaiʻaeʻa mā, Nā Honua Mauli Ola: Hawaiian Cultural Pathways for Healthy and Responsive Learning Enviroments, ka hoʻopuka ʻelua. (Hilo: Hale kuamoʻo, 2018), 49-50, 157.
161 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI manaʻo ʻia he hana hewa.51 No ka hana moe aikāne, ua manaʻo ʻia paha he mau māhū lākou?
ʻAʻole paha, no ka mea, pēlā ka nohona. I koʻu heluhelu ʻana i nā moʻolelo kahiko, ʻaʻole paha kapa ʻia kēlā poʻe moe aikāne he māhū e like me Līloa, Hōpoe (ka aikāne o Hiʻiakaikapoliopele) a me Kaomi (ka aikāne o Kauikeaouli). I ka hiki ʻana mai o ka poʻe haole a ʻike akula lākou i kēia
ʻano hana, a laila hoʻi i kapa ʻia ai he mea ʻē i ka noʻonoʻo haole, a hoʻopili ʻia nō paha kēlā ʻano hana me ka manaʻo o “māhū.”
Wahi a Pukui, ʻo ka māhū, he kāne moe kāne a he wahine moe wahine paha, a i ʻole he kanaka nona nā ʻano ʻelua he wahine a me he kāne. Wehewehe hou akula ʻo Pukui, ʻo kekahi manaʻo hou no ka māhū i kū i kēia au, ʻo ia hoʻi kekahi kāne ʻaʻahu lole wahine a kekahi wahine
ʻaʻahu lole kāne paha. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole nō pili ia manaʻo i ke kāne moe kāne a wahine moe wahine paha. Inā ʻaʻahu maila kekahi kāne moe wahine i ke ʻano lole wahine, he māhū nō.52 Ke hoʻohuoi nei wau ua pili nō kēia i luna aʻe nei i ka noʻonoʻo haole.
Kūʻē nui kekahi mau poʻe Kalikiano i ka poʻe māhū i ka wā kahiko a hiki loa i kēia mau lā, a kūʻē nō hoʻi lākou i ka poʻe moe aikāne. Eia nō naʻe, i ko kākou mau moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, he mea maoli nō ia, a ua pili nō nā māhū iā kākou, nā Hawaiʻi a pau loa. Ua kuhikuhi maila kahi māhū ʻo Tatiana Kalaniʻōpua Young, aia nō ka māhū i loko o ke Kumulipo, ko kākou moʻokūʻauhau. I ka wā ʻumi, ʻōlelo ʻia penei,
51 S. M. Kamakau, “Ka Moolelo o Na Kamehameha, Helu 40,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Nowemapa 30, 1867, 1; Malo, The Moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, ka luna hoʻoponopono, Jeffrey Lyon, puke 1, 607-609. 52 Homosexual, of either sex; hermaphrodite. Mary Kawena Pukui lāua ʻo Samuel H. Elbert, Hawaiian Dictionary: Hawaiian-English, English-Hawaiian (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1986), 220; “Only māhū with both syllables marked, has directly sexual meanings: those of the homosexual by nature and practice, and the physical hermaphrodite. It is this māhū we discuss here. A present-day, perhaps regional usage, also gives māhū the meaning of transvestite, an individual, not necessarily homosexual, who wears clothing of the opposite sex.” Mary Kawena Pukui, E. W. Haertig, M.D., a me Catherine A. Lee, Nānā I Ke Kumu: Look to the Source, puke II (Honolulu: Hui Hānai, 1972), 109.
162 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I
O Maila, o Lailai ka paia O kane a Kapokinikini ka pou o Kii ka mahu.53
Ua hānau ʻia maila ʻo Kiʻi, he māhū, a ʻo ia nō kekahi kupuna o nā Kānaka. Eia kekahi, ʻo kekahi mau koʻa a me kekahi mau iʻa (e like me ka hīnālea a me ka uhu) nā kūpuna kahiko loa o kākou mai loko mai o ke Kumulipo, a he mau māhū nō lākou.54 ʻO ia hoʻi, he ʻano kāne a ʻano wahine kona. Hiki nō iā ia ke hoʻololi he kāne a he wahine. No laila, aia nō nā māhū i loko nō o ko kākou moʻokūʻauhau.
Aia nō hoʻi nā māhū i loko o ko kākou moʻolelo. I nā moʻolelo kahiko, he māhū kekahi mau aliʻʻi. ʻO Kauholanuimāhū ke keiki māhū na Kahoukapu lāua ʻo Laʻakapu, a lilo ʻo ia i aliʻi nui ma Maui ma hope o ka hala ʻana o kona makuakāne. Nāna hoʻi i hana i ka loko iʻa ʻo
Keoneʻōʻio.55 A pēia hoʻi ke aliʻi ʻo Kaumakoa, kahi māhū i hiki ke hoʻololi i kona ʻano he kāne a he wahine.56 I kekahi moʻolelo, he mau kupua akamai loa nā māhū nona ka mana e hoʻōla ai i ke kino e like me ka moʻolelo o Kapaemāhū.57
ʻOiai ua loli loa nō paha kēia manaʻo ʻo “māhū” mai kahi hanauna a kahi hanauna, he mea nui loa nō paha ka ʻimi ʻana i ka ʻike mai ka poʻe nāna i kapa iā lākou iho he māhū i kēia
53 Tatiana Kalaniʻōpua Young, From A Māhū Daughter: Abolition, Trans-Indigeneity, & Unsettling Cistems (From A Māhū Daughter, 2020), https://www.facebook.com/transhawaii/videos/383239182999074/; He Pule Hoolaa Alii He Kumulipo no Ka I-amamao a Ia Alapai Wahine (Honolulu: Ka Hui Paipalapala Elele, 1889), 25. 54 Kahala Johnson, Mauna Kea Series – Kahala Johnson on Hale Mana Māhū – Native Stories, nīnauele ʻia e Nanea Lo, ʻOkakopa 20, 2019, https://nativestories.org/mauna-kea-series-kahala-johnson-on-hale- mana-mahu/. 55 Malo, The Moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, ka luna hoʻoponopono, Jeffrey Lyon, puke 1, 605-607. 56 “Hoi hou ka lani i ka wa kamalii ke hiiia la. O ka lani Kaumakoa, ke alii, I lole [pn] i kalole ka leo. He pe he pa wale no ka noho, He mahu paha no Honokawailani.” Fornander, Memoirs, 1920, 297. 57 James H. Boyd, “Tradition of the Wizard Stones Ka-Pae-Mahu: On the Waikiki Sea-Beach Premises of Hon. A. S Cleghorn.,” ma Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1907, ka luna hoʻoponopono, Thos G. Thrum (Honolulu: Thos. G. Thrum, 1906), 139–41; Teoratuuaarii Morris, “Nā Pōhaku Ola Kapaemāhū a Kapuni: Performing For Stones At Tupuna Crossings in Hawaiʻi” (Honolulu, Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa, 2019); Hinaleimoana Wong-Kalu, Dean Hamer, a me Joe Wilson, Kapaemahu, 2020.
163 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI mau lā, no ka mea, ʻo lākou nō kekahi mau kahu mālama ʻike, a no lākou nō ia ʻike e pili ana iā lākou iho. Mai ko lākou waha mai nō kēia mau manaʻo. ʻO Hinaleimoana Wong-Kalu nō kekahi māhū, a nui kona kū haʻaheo ʻana no ka pono o ke kaiāulu māhū a me ka pono nō hoʻi o ka ʻāina.
Wahi āna, hiki i ka māhū ke hoʻokino i ke ʻano kāne a me ke ʻano wahine. ʻO ka māhū ke ʻano
ʻekolu o ke kanaka—ʻo ia hoʻi 1) ke kāne, 2) ka wahine, a me 3) ka māhū.58 I ko Wong-Kalu wehewehe ʻana no ke ʻano o Kapaemāhū mā, penei nō, “Aole he tane, aole he wahine. He mau mahu lakou. He palua no hoi lakou ma ka naau me ka noonoo, a ma na ano a pau.”59 Kākoʻo ʻia akula kona manaʻo e Stacey Kaʻauʻa, he māhū a he kumu hula. I kona wehewehe ʻana, ʻo ka māhū, ua hiki nō i ka māhū ke hele mai kahi ʻaoʻao kāne a i kahi ʻaoʻao wahine a hoʻi mai.60
No laila hoʻi, he mau kākoʻo nō kēia mau mea aʻu i hāpai aʻe nei no koʻu manaʻo no kēia mea he māhū. ʻO ka māhū, he kanaka nō ia. He ʻike kona i ka ʻaoʻao wahine a me ka ʻaoʻao kāne.
He mea ʻole ka mea āna i moe ai. ʻO ke kūlana hoʻi ka mea nui, ʻo ia hoʻi kekahi mau kahu mālama ʻike a mālama kanaka hoʻi a he mau aliʻi nō kekahi. Eia naʻe, ua ʻano ʻokoʻa loa ke kūlana o nā māhū i loko o kēia moʻolelo. Wahi a ka moʻolelo o Kamaakamahiʻai, he mau “kupu ino” lāua, a he “enemi” hoʻi. No ke aha?
NO KE KŪLANA KUPU ʻINO
He hopena nō paha kēia kapa ʻia ʻana o nā māhū he mau kupu ʻino i loko o kēia moʻolelo ma muli o ka ʻiʻini o ka poʻe haole e hoʻohaole i ka poʻe Hawaiʻi, a ʻonou wale akula nō iā lākou e haʻalele i nā hana, nā loina, a me ʻike Hawaiʻi e laʻa hoʻi me ka hula, ka heʻenalu, a me ka lāʻau
58 Hinaleimoana Wong-Kalu, Dean Hamer, and Joe Wilson, A Place in the Middle, 2014. 59 Wehewehe maila ʻo ia i ka manaʻo no ka poʻe māhū ma ka ʻōlelo Kanaka Niʻihau. Wong-Kalu, Hamer, and Wilson, Kapaemahu, 2020. 60 “A māhū is able to traverse between two worlds–between male and female.” Stacey Kapuaikapoliopele Kaʻauʻa, Google Pride - Stacey Kaʻauʻa (Google, 2020), google.pride.com.
164 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I lapaʻau.61 ʻOiai ua kū ʻole nō ke ʻano māhū i nā loina hale pule a me nā loina ʻohana o ka poʻe haole, ʻo ia nō paha kahi mea i hoʻāhewa ʻia. Ke kuhi nei wau he hopena kēia māhele o ka moʻolelo no ka hoʻāhewa i ka poʻe māhū ma muli hoʻi o ke komo hewa ʻana mai o ka noʻonoʻo haole. Ua kapa akula nō ka poʻe haole ʻo ka māhū he hewa a hilahila nō hoʻi ia. He mea ʻino nō ia. A ua hilinaʻi nō paha kekahi mau Kānaka i kēlā mau ʻōlelo. Eia mai kekahi laʻana, ʻelua makahiki ma mua o ke paʻi ʻia ʻana o Kamaakamahiʻai, paʻi akula ʻo Kānepuʻu i ka moʻolelo o
Kānewailani, a ʻōlelo ʻia “a no ka maa ole io no o na makua i ka aahu mau i ke kapa, nolaila, he mea hilahila a mea henehene ia no hoi kekahi kanaka aahu kapa nui o ka la ke hele ae, a kapa ia aku la he ma-hu, a he kanaka palaualelo; no ka waiho ole i ke kapa, a hume mai hoi i ka malo, a ku ka puali, alaila, hele i ka mahiai…”62
I ke kālailai ʻana o de Silva lāua ʻo Brown i kēia moʻolelo, ua manaʻo ʻia he moʻolelo nō ia e pili ana i ka hoʻokahuli a me ka hoʻi ʻana i ka pono.63 Ma ka moʻolelo, ua kāhea ʻia ʻo
Kamaakamahiʻai mā e hele i nā aupuni like ʻole a puni ʻo Hawaiʻi e hakakā i kekahi ʻino i hoʻokahuli i ke aupuni, a hoʻihoʻi ʻia ke ea i ke aliʻi nui, i like nō me ko Kamaakamahiʻai kāhea ʻia
ʻana e hele i Kauaʻi no ke kaua pū ʻana me ka poʻe māhū, nā mea hoʻi nāna i ʻane kāʻili loa i ke aupuni o kona kupunakāne ʻo Manouli. ʻAʻohe nele koʻu kōkua piha ʻana i ko lāua manaʻo, a e hoʻonui aʻe ana wau i ko lāua manaʻo ma o ke kālailai wale ʻana nō i kēia hanana nui no ia poʻe māhū.
61 Sally Engle Merry, Colonizing Hawai’i: The Cultural Power of Law (Princeton University Press, 2000). 62 Joseph H. Kanepuu, “He Moolelo no Kanewailani, ke Keiki a Maoloha. I Unuhi ia mailoko mai o na Moolelo Kahiko o Hawaii Nei, Helu 2.,” Ke Au Okoa, Pepeluali 27, 1868, 4; Ua kuhi maila ʻo Noenoe Silva, ʻaʻole nō kēia he moʻolelo kahiko. He moʻolelo haku wale nō kēia na Kānepuʻu no kona ola ponoʻī. No laila, inā he moʻolelo ia no kona ola ponoʻī, malia paha, ʻo kona noʻonoʻo ponoʻī nō ia mau manaʻo i kākau mai ai. Silva, Steel-tipped Pen, 47. 63 de Silva, “‘Auhea Wale ‘Oe e Kahalakea”; Marie Alohalani Brown, he kūkaʻi ʻōlelo me ka mea kākau, No Ka Moʻolelo o Kamaakamahiʻai, Nowemapa 5, 2019.
165 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI
Ma waho aʻe o ke kākau moʻolelo, ua kamaʻāina loa nō ʻo Kaualilinoe i ka ʻōlelo o ka
Baibala, no ka mea, ua nui kona kālailai ʻana i nā moʻolelo Baibala me nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi. (E hoʻi hou i ka Mokuna I no ka ʻike hou aku.) I kuʻu wahi manaʻo, he hana hoʻohālikelike hou nō kēia. Ma kēia moʻolelo, he hōʻailona nō paha nā māhū no ke au kahiko, kahi wā i mālama nui ʻia ai ka poʻe māhū, a he mea nui nō lākou i loko o ka ʻohana a me ka lāhui. I ka noʻonoʻo haole, ua
ʻane pau loa ka ʻohana a me ka lāhui i ka ʻai ʻia e ia poʻe māhū no ko ka lāhui Hawaiʻi mālama pono ʻana i ia poʻe māhū, a ua like nō paha ia me ka ʻane pau loa o ke aupuni o Manouli i ka ʻai
ʻia e nā māhū o Hāʻena. ʻO Kamaakamahiʻai—ma kēia māhele o kona moʻolelo—ʻaʻole ʻo ia he hōʻailona no hoʻokahi kanaka, akā, he hōʻailona kona ʻano he malihini no Kauaʻi, i kāhea ʻia e kekahi mau leo i kona moemoeā e hele i kahi ʻāina ē. He hōʻailona nō ʻo ia no ka hiki ʻana mai o nā malihini i Hawaiʻi nei e “hoʻohaole” i ka poʻe Hawaiʻi a hoʻokahuli i ka poʻe Hawaiʻi mai ka naʻaupō aku, i ko ka haole noʻonoʻo.
Eia kekahi, he hoihoi loa nō ke kapa ʻia ʻana o ia poʻe māhū i loko o ka moʻolelo he “kupu ino.” ʻO “ʻino” ua ʻano laha loa nō hoʻi kona manaʻo i mua o ka lehulehu, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi mea maikaʻi ʻole paha, kahi mea hewa paha, kahi mea makemake ʻole ʻia paha, a kahi mea lapuwale paha. A ʻo “kupu” hoʻi, ʻo ia paha ka mea hoihoi. He hoʻopōkole wale ʻia nō ʻo “kupu” no ka huaʻōlelo ʻo “kupua.” ʻHe ʻano mea ia nona ka mana nui a ua ʻano kohu like paha kona ʻano me ke akua. Akā, ʻo ka manaʻo nui i laha loa no ia mea ʻo “kupu,” ʻo ia hoʻi ka ulu ʻana o ka nāhelehele a mea kanu paha. ʻO ke kupu ʻino, ua pili paha kēlā i ka uluāhewa o ka nāhelehele ma luna o ka ʻāina, a inā kahihi ka ʻāina i ka nāhelehele, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea ʻai ke ulu pono. No laila hoʻi, e like me ke kupu ʻino o ka nāhelehele ma luna o ka ʻāina, he ʻano kupu ʻino nō paha kēlā poʻe māhū me he nāhelehele lā ma luna o ka ʻohana a me ka lāhui Hawaiʻi i ka noʻonoʻo haole.
Eia hou mai, ʻo kekahi manaʻo nui ʻo “kupu” ʻo ia hoʻi kahi kanaka i hoʻopiʻi honua aʻe i kona kūlana a i kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO ka poʻe māhū, he mau kānaka nō lākou i mālama nui ʻia a ua ʻano
166 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I kiʻekiʻe loa nō paha ko lākou kūlana i mua o ka lehulehu. Malia nō paha, kapa ʻia kēia poʻe māhū he “kupu ino,” no ka mea, he mau ʻano kanaka ʻino nō lākou ma ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe, a i ka noʻonoʻo haole ē, ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa nō ke alakaʻi ʻia e ia poʻe māhū, ʻoiai he hewa nō ko lākou nohona.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi hope loa, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea kaua a kēlā poʻe māhū i ka moʻolelo, he mau hohoa nō ia. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, he pono hana nō ka hohoa no ka poʻe kuku kapa, a ʻo nā wāhine nō nā mea nona ia kuleana. Hoihoi nō kēia, no ka mea, ua hoʻohana ʻia nō kahi pono hana a nā wāhine ma ke ʻano he mea kaua, malia paha he mea pili kāne ka mea kaua. No laila, he hōʻailona hou nō kēia no ke ʻano o ka māhū, he ʻike nō hoʻi ko ka māhū i ka ʻaoʻao wahine—ka
ʻoihana kuku kapa—a me ka ʻaoʻao kāne—ka ʻoihana kaua.
Eia kekahi, ʻo kekahi hua ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe no ia mea pono hana he “hohoa,” ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo
“pepehi.” ʻO ka pepehi nō ka hohoa i ka ʻoihana kuku kapu. Akā, ua laha loa nō kēia hua ʻōlelo ʻo
“pepehi” ma kona pili i ka make. ʻO “pepehi” ka hana, a ʻo “make” ka hopena. No laila hoʻi, i loko o ka moʻolelo, he mau kupu ʻino kā hoʻi ia poʻe māhū pili i ka make ma ke ʻano he mau mea kaua na lākou. Na ka māhū nō e kupu ʻino ma luna o ka ʻāina a me ka ʻohana, a ʻo ka make ka hopena. I mea hoʻi e pale aku ai i ia mau mea ʻino, ua pono ka malihini e hōʻea mai.
He wahi manaʻo haʻahaʻa wale nō kaʻu i hāpai aku nei, a malia paha ua hemahema loa koʻu noʻonoʻo ʻana. Akā, ʻo ka mea e pono ai i kēia manawa, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mana ʻē aʻe o kēia moʻolelo, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mana i kākau ʻia e Hooulumahiehie.64 E aho hoʻi e heluhelu mai, a hoʻohālikelike aku. He mau māhū ko ia moʻolelo? Inā ua loaʻa, he aha ko lākou moʻolelo? He aha ko lākou kūlana? Aia a pau ia moʻolelo i ka heluhelu ʻia e ʻike ai kākou. Akā, ua hiki mai nō kākou
64 Hooulumahiehie, “Moolelo Hoonaue Puuwai no Kama.A.Ka.Mahiai [pn], Ka Hi’apa’iole o ka Ikaika o ke Kai Huki Hee Nehu o Kahului,” Ke Aloha Aina, ʻAukake 7, 1909-Malaki 11, 1911.
167 MOKUNA III: K A N IUHI A I H UMUHUMU O K AHULUI I M AUI i ka palena o kēia kālailai ʻana i nā māhū ma kēia moʻolelo nei. Na kekahi wiwo ʻole e ʻimi hou aku.
Ua kaumaha loa nō kuʻu naʻau i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana e pili ana i ka poʻe māhū e like me ke
ʻano kupu ʻino i ʻike ʻia i loko o kēia moʻolelo no Kamaakamahiʻai, no ka mea, ʻaʻole nō pēlā ka mea maʻamau o ka poʻe māhū i ka wā kahiko a hiki loa i kēia mau lā. He hopena maoli nō paha kēia no ke komo hewa ʻana mai o ka noʻonoʻo no waho mai i loko o ko kākou noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi. E like me kekahi haʻawina nui o Kamaakamahiʻai, na kākou nō e hoʻokahuli hou aku i kēlā ʻano noʻonoʻo kūʻē māhū ma o ka nānā hou ʻana i nā moʻolelo. E nānā hou kākou i nā moʻolelo māhū i
ʻike leʻa ʻia ai ke kuleana o nā kāne a me nā wāhine o ka poʻe māhū i hoʻihoʻi hou aku ai iā lākou i ko lākou kuleana kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka ʻohana a me ka lāhui, i pono ʻole lākou e hele a peʻe i loko o ka palekana o ke ana.65
Mai ka wā kahiko mai a hiki loa i kēia au e neʻe nei, he mau kahu ka poʻe māhū. He mau kahu lākou no ka ʻike, no nā keiki, a me nā kūpuna. He mau aliʻi nō lākou, a he mau koa ikaika launa ʻole nō hoʻi lākou. Aia nō nā māhū i loko o ko kākou, nā Hawaiʻi, moʻokūʻauhau. Iā ʻoukou nō e nā māhū i kēia mau lā, mai nō a peʻe i loko o ke ana! Ua pau ia wā. E puka aku kākou a e huli aku nā maka i nā moʻolelo o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i ʻike leʻa ʻia ai ko kākou kuleana—ʻo ia hoʻi ka lilo ʻana i kahu mālama, alakaʻi, a koa hoʻi o kēia au nei no ka pono o ko kākou lāhui.
E O’U POE HOA LUHI O NEI MEA HE HELUHELU KAAO ANA: HE ʻŌLELO PANINA
Ua hiki aku nei nō kākou i ka hopena o kēia kālailai nei no ka moʻolelo o
Kamaakamahiʻai. Ke hoʻomāhuahua ʻia aʻe nei ko kākou ʻike a hoʻomaopopo ʻana aku i nā mea
65 Malia paha, ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻino nō paha lāua no ko lāua kāʻili ʻana i ka ʻāina mai Manouli mai. Akā naʻe, ʻoiai ua kuhi ʻia akula ko lāua ʻano he mau māhū, he mea nui nō ia, a ʻo ia nō ke kumu i lilo ai kekahi hapa o kaʻu pepa i ka noiʻi ʻana i kēia poʻe māhū i ka wā kahiko.
168 NO KAMAAKAMAHIʻA I waiwai loa o kēia moʻolelo ma o kēia ʻano kālailai ʻana a me ka heluhelu ʻana i ka moʻolelo i loko o nā lumi papa. Ke lana aʻe nei koʻu manaʻo, e lilo ana kaʻu hana ʻimi noiʻi nei no ka poʻe leo kapu o wā kahiko, ke kaona i nā inoa kapakapa, a me ke ʻano kupua no ka poʻe māhū ʻo ia kahi kawa e lele ai i loko o ke kai hohonu e ʻimi aku ai i nā pōhaku makamae i kiola ʻia e J. W. K.
Kaualilinoe.
He nui hou aku nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi e koe nei i loko o kēia mau helu he 21. ʻO kekahi, no kekahi mau mea like loa o kēia moʻolelo me nā moʻolelo o Laʻamaomao, Lāʻieikawai, ʻUmialīloa, a me Pele lāua ʻo Hiʻiaka, e kālailai ʻia a e hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēlā poʻe moʻolelo. ʻO ka ʻoihana hānau keiki kekahi mea i wehewehe iki ʻia i loko o kēia moʻolelo, a he maikaʻi loa nō ka ʻohiʻohi
ʻana aku i kēlā mau ʻike. ʻO ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi no ia mea he alakaʻi kekahi mea nui i kēia moʻolelo. Eia kekahi, he pono nō ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia o kēia moʻolelo me ka mana i kākau ʻia e
Hoʻoulumāhiehie i ʻike leʻa ʻia ai ka like me ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēia mau moʻolelo ʻoiai ʻo kā lāua wale nō nā mana i loaʻa iā kākou no Kamaakamahiʻai. ʻO kaʻu hana i kuʻupau aku nei ma kēia mokuna, ʻo ia nō kaʻu e hoʻokupu aku nei i ke kahua e paepae ʻia nei no ka hale kiʻekiʻe o
Kamaakamahiʻai.
O KA PALENA KEIA O KO KAKOU KAAO…
169 MOKUNA IV
NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA?: NO J. W. K. KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU
HOKAI NA NOONOO OLE: HE ʻŌLELO HOʻOLAUNA
Ua hōʻea mai nō kākou i kekahi māhele nui o kēia moʻolelo. No J. W. K. Kaualilinoe nō kēia māhele. I mea e ʻike ʻia ai nā kumuhana a me nā manaʻo nui a ia mau ʻatikala āna i kākau ai, ua “kukini” kākou “i ka loa a me ka laula” o kāna mau ʻatikala ma ka Mokuna I.1 A ma ka
Mokuna II a me ka Mokuna III nō hoʻi, ua kālailai ʻia nō kāna mau moʻolelo nui ʻelua no
Kalelealuaka lāua ʻo Kamaakamahiʻai, kahi i hōʻike ʻia mai ai ka waiwai o kāna hana i kuʻupau aku nei i mua o nā mea heluhelu o ia au kahiko a hiki loa i kēia mau lā e neʻe mai nei. Ma loko o kēia māhele o ka moʻolelo nei e nānā hou ʻia aku ana kāna mau ʻatikala. Akā nō naʻe, e ʻokoʻa iki ana nō ia nānā hou ʻana aku. ʻAʻole kēia mokuna he hōʻike hou no nā mea e waiwai ai kāna hana, akā he hōʻike no nā ʻike liʻiliʻi a hunahuna hoʻi e hoʻolauna pū ai kākou me Kaualilinoe a kamaʻāina ma kona ʻano he mea kākau.
ʻEkolu māhele liʻiliʻi o kēia mokuna. ʻO ka hapa mua, e kauʻeliʻeli ʻia ana nā loina kapa inoa kapakapa a ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i mea e pili ai nā inoa makapeni o nā nūpepa. No ka hoʻohana nui ʻia o nā inoa kapakapa ma nā nūpepa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, e wehewehe ʻia ana nō nā pilikia e kupu ana paha i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea kākau nona ia mau inoa makapeni. A laila, e hoʻokuanoʻo ʻia ana nō kekahi mau kumu i hoʻohana nui ʻia ai nā inoa makapeni ma loko o nā nūpepa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi ma kahi o nā inoa maoli.
1 E nānā hou i ka Mokuna I i kapa ʻia ʻo “E Kukini Ana i ka Loa a me ka Laula: Nā ʻAtikala a Kaualilinoe i Kākau Maila” no ka ʻike hou aku.
MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA?
ʻO ka lua o ka māhele, e ʻohiʻohi a e kālailai ʻia ana nō kekahi o ia mau ʻike liʻiliʻi a hunahuna nō hoʻi i waiho maʻalea ʻia maila i mea e ʻike ʻia ai ke ʻano kanaka a me ka moʻolelo kanaka paha no ia mea kākau ʻo Kaualilinoe. A ma o ia hoʻomaopopo ʻana, hiki nō ke ʻike ʻia ke kumu o kona mau kākau ʻana. No laila, ʻoiai e nānā ʻia nō kāna mau ʻatikala i kākau ai, ʻo ia nō hoʻi kāna ʻōlelo a me kona manaʻo ponoʻī i hoʻokaʻa aku ai, pēlā hoʻi kākou e hoʻokamaʻāina iki ai iā ia. Ma kekahi ʻano, na Kaualilinoe nō kēia māhele. Nona iho, nāna nō. Na koʻu poʻe lima wale nō ke kuleana kikokiko.2
Aia nō ma ka hapa hope, naʻu nō ia. Ma o ke kālailai hou ʻana aku, e humukā ʻia ana ia mau hunahuna ʻike āna me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana mai i nā loina kapa inoa makapeni, hiki nō paha ke kuhi ʻia ka inoa maoli o ua Kaualilinoe nei. No laila, ma ia māhele e wehewehe ʻia ana nō koʻu manaʻo no ka inoa maoli o J. W. K. Kaualilinoe. E helu ʻia kekahi mau kānaka e kū ʻelele ana no ka like o ko lākou ʻano a moʻolelo nō hoʻi me ko Kaualilinoe. Ua koho ʻia ʻelua moho mai ia papa helu mai i wehewehe hou aku ai i ko lāua ola me nā mea e pili ai paha lāua me Kaualilinoe.
Ma o kēia hoʻohālikelike ʻana me kekahi kanaka i ʻike ai i ko Kaualilinoe moʻolelo kanaka.
He waiwai loa paha ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana mai i kona moʻolelo kanaka i hiki iā kākou o kēia au e holo nei ke hoʻomaopopo pono i nā kumu i kākau ai ʻo ia. A hiki nō hoʻi ke ʻike ʻia kona moʻokūʻauhau ʻike, ʻo ia hoʻi kāna poʻe kumu i aʻo aku ai iā ia, ʻo kona poʻe kūpuna paha, ʻo kona makua paha, ʻo kona ʻohana paha, ʻo kāna kumu paha a ia ʻano kumu aʻo hou aku. E nānā ʻia ana kēia manaʻo no ka moʻokūʻauhau ʻike i kekahi māhele liʻiliʻi e hiki koke mai ana. Eia kekahi, i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana mai i kona moʻolelo kanaka a me kona moʻokūʻauhau ʻike, hiki nō iā kākou ke mahalo piha aku iā ia, a hoʻohanohano kūpono iā ia no kāna hana nui i paʻu akula no ka pono o
2 E like nō me ka manaʻo ma ka Mokuna Hoʻolauna, na nā lima kikokiko wale nō nā hewa. Pēlā nō ka noho ʻana i mua o ke aliʻi Kākuhihewa, naʻu wale nō ia.
171 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU kākou. E ʻole kāna kākau ʻana, loaʻa ai iā kākou ka ʻike ʻole no kekahi mau moʻolelo Hawaiʻi a me kekahi mau ʻike Hawaiʻi.
Ma kekahi ʻatikala āna i kākau ai e pili ana i kona inoa maoli, ʻaʻa akula ʻo ia i kona poʻe mea heluhelu, e noʻonoʻo pono no kona inoa, “oia ka makemake o ka mea nona ka inoa
[Kaualilinoe].” I kona manaʻo, he “hokai na noonoo ole” no kona inoa.3 E like nō me ka manaʻo o ua Kaualilinoe nei i hoʻonoho ai ma ka inoa o kēia mokuna, e paipai aku ana ʻo ia i kona mea heluhelu, “Nau e huai puka nui ae ma ke akea…O wai la kuu inoa?”4 ʻAʻole ʻo ia i ʻāpoʻipoʻi i kona inoa maoli, ʻo ka huaʻi aʻe ma ka noʻonoʻo wale nō ka mea e koe nei. No laila, he mea e hōʻeha ai paha iā ia ka ʻaʻa ʻole ʻia o kona makemake. ʻO kēia māhele hope nō ia ʻaʻa haʻahaʻa aʻu, a naʻu ana paha e huaʻi a puka nui aʻe ma ke ākea.
NO KA POHIHIHI A ME KA NOHO PALAKA LOA ANA O’U NO KO’U INOA: NO NĀ INOA MAKAPENI
I mea e hoʻokamaʻāina iki aku ai me Kaualilinoe, maikaʻi nō paha ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma ke ʻano o kona inoa, ʻoiai he inoa makapeni nō ia. E like nō me ka mea i kuhi ʻia aʻela, e kālailai
ʻia a e wehewehe ʻia ana nō nā loina kapa inoa makapeni, nā kumu i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā inoa makapeni, a me nā pilikia e kupu aʻe ana paha ma ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻana i nā mea kākau nona nā inoa makapeni.
NĀ LOINA KAPA INOA MAKAPENI
Puni nō nā Kānaka Hawaiʻi i nā inoa kapakapa mai ke au i hala loa iō kikilo mai nō. ʻIke
ʻia nō nā laʻana he nui ma nā ʻano mele like ʻole a me nā moʻolelo kahiko like ʻole. Mai ka wā i
3 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “He Nane,” Ko Hawaii Pae Aina, ʻOkakopa 18, 1879, 4. 4 Kaualilinoe, “He Nane,” 1.
172 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA? hānau ʻia ai a i kona noho ʻana i ke ao ʻaumākua, he mau inoa ko kekahi e hea ʻia ai. He hana kuluma nō ia. ʻAʻole paha i kapa ʻia kēlā mau inoa ʻē aʻe he inoa kapakapa a i ka M.H. 1860. Ma mua paha o kēlā manawa, he mau inoa ponoʻī nō ia. I ia makahiki, kau ʻia aʻela kekahi kānāwai i kapa ʻia ʻo “He kanawai e hooponopono ana i na inoa” a hoʻolaha ʻia akula ma ka nūpepa i ka
M.H. 1863. Koi ʻia maila ke kapa ʻia ʻana o ka wahine i ka inoa ʻohana o kāna kāne, pēlā hoʻi ke kapa ʻia ʻana o ke keiki i ka inoa ʻohana o kona makuakāne me he Kalikiano lā. ʻO kekahi mea nui ma ia kānāwai, ʻo ia ka paukū 6. “Aole no e ku i ke Kanawai ke hoololiia kekahi inoa i laweia a haawiia paha mamuli o keia Kanawai. Aole no hoi e ku i ke Kanawai ke hoololiia kekahi inoa i laweia a haawiia paha mamua o ke kau ana o keia Kanawai.”5 Ma ka hopena o ia kānāwai, paʻa wale ihola nō i ke kanaka hoʻokahi inoa, ʻo ka inoa mua, inoa waena, me ka inoa ʻohana, a ʻo ia wale nō kona inoa maoli. No laila, ma muli o ke kau ʻia ʻana o ia kānāwai, pēlā paha i hāpai ʻia mai ai ia manaʻo no ka inoa kapakapa a me nā inoa makapeni. He inoa kūlike ʻole ia i ka inoa maoli. He inoa kapakapa kekahi inoa ʻē aʻe kū ʻole i ke kānāwai. A ʻaʻole paha hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēlā mau inoa kapakapa ma nā palapala aupuni ʻo ka palapala male ʻoe, ʻo ka palapala hānau ʻoe,
ʻo ka palapala make ʻoe, a ia ʻano palapala hou aku.
He hana hoʻokolonaio paha kēia kānāwai haʻakoi hoʻokahi inoa e hoʻokahuli ʻia ai nā loina a me ka nohona Hawaiʻi, a i hoʻohaole ʻia ai paha ka lāhui Hawaiʻi. Akā, no ka ʻiʻini a
5 “No Na Inoa,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Iune 13, 1863, 2. Ma kahi o 12 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kau kānāwai ʻana no nā inoa, ʻāpono ʻia ka hoʻoponopono iki ʻana i ia paukū 6. Penei nō i pākuʻi ʻia ai i ka ʻōlelo kumu, “koe nae mamuli o ka olelo hooholo o ke ’Lii ka Moi iloko o ka Ahakukamalu, i hookumuia kela olelo hooholo maluna o ka palapala hoopii o ka mea e makemake ana e hoololi i kona inoa, a e hoolaha pono ia no ka lohe ana o ka lehulehu, aole e emi malalo o na hebedoma iloko o kahi nupepa i oleloia maloko o ua olelo hooholo nei.” Lot [Kamehameha R.] Kapuāiwa, “He Kanawai e Hoololi Ana i Ke Kanawai i Kapaia ‘he Kanawai e Hooponopono Ana i Na Inoa,’ i Hooholoia Ma Ka La 24 o Augate, M. H. 1860,” ma Na Kanawai o Ka Moi Kamehameha V., Ke Alii o Ko Hawaii Pae Aina, i Hooholoia e Ka Aha Kau Kanawai Ma Ka Ahaolelo o 1872. (Session Laws, Ka Waihona Palapala Kahiko o Hawaiʻi Mokuʻāina, Honolulu: Hale Pai Palapala Aupuni, 1872).
173 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU hoihoi nui hoʻi o Kānaka e haku a e hoʻohana i nā inoa kapakapa, he kūʻē nō paha ka hoʻohana
ʻia ʻana o nā inoa kapakapa i kēlā ʻano nohona haole, ʻoiai he kū ʻole nō ia i ke kānāwai. He kū mau nō ia i nā loina inoa Hawaiʻi.
I koʻu manaʻo, he inoa kapakapa nō ka inoa makapeni, akā he ʻokoʻa iki nō ia. (Aia kekahi mau laʻana i ka Pakuhi IV.I) ʻO nā inoa makapeni nā inoa e hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ke kākau ʻana ma kahi o ka inoa maoli. Ma ke kālailai ʻana i nā inoa kapakapa a inoa makapeni nō hoʻi, hiki nō ke kuhi ʻia kekahi mau loina kapa inoa. No kēia māhele, e kālele wale ʻia ana nō ma nā inoa makapeni a me kona mau loina. E akahele i ka heluhelu, no ka mea, ʻaʻole nō pili kēia mau loina a pau e helu ʻia ana i nā inoa makapeni a pau. No laila, mai nō a kuhi hewa ē.
Pakuhi IV.I: KEKAHI MAU INOA KAPAKAPA6
Inoa Kapakapa Inoa Maoli Figgs* & Taffy Kalākaua G. W. Kahiolo* G. W. Poepoe Ka Haku o Hawaiʻi Albert Kaleiopapa a Kamehameha Kentucky Desha Stephen Langhern Desha, makua Nā ʻOhu Haʻaheo i nā Kuahiwi ʻEkolu* John Whalley Hermosa Isaac Kihe Ka Uwepa Kiani Victoria Kinoiki Kekaulike Z. P. K. Kawaikaumaiikamakaokaopua* Z. P. Kalokuokamaile *Inoa Makapeni
Ma ka manaʻo maʻalahi loa, ua kohu like paha ka inoa makapeni me kona inoa maoli. Eia kekahi mau laʻana, ʻo G. W. Kahiolo ka inoa makapeni, a ʻo G. W. Poepoe nō kona inoa maoli.7
6 Nui hou aku nā inoa kapakapa a me nā inoa makapeni, a ʻaʻole hiki ke helu ʻia nā mea a pau. He pakuhi liʻiliʻi nō kēia e hōʻike lihi mai ai i ia ʻano inoa. 7 “Ua Haalele Mai o Beniamina Kaiminaauao Poepoe I Keia Ola Ana,” Kuokoa Home Rula, Iulai 16, 1909, 3. “O kona luaui makukane [pn], oia no o G. W. Poepoe, i heaia i kekahi wa o Kahiolo.” Noenoe K. Silva, The Power of the Steel-Tipped Pen: Reconstructing Native Hawaiian Intellectual History (Durham: Duke University Press, 2017), 106. Wehewehe a hōʻoia hou aku nō ʻo Silva i kona noiʻi ʻana i ka ʻohana o Joseph Mokuʻōhai Poepoe.
174 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA?
Pēlā nō me Z. P. K. Kawaikaumaiikamakaokaopua, ʻo Z. P. Kalokuokamaile kona inoa maoli.8
Ma ia mau laʻana, kū nō nā hua mua o ka inoa maoli me ka inoa makapeni, a ʻo ka inoa hope, ʻo ia nō kekahi inoa pili a pili ʻole paha ia iā. ʻO ka mea nui ma ʻaneʻi, ʻo ia nō ka pili o ka hua mua o ka inoa makapeni i nā hua mua o ka inoa maoli. He loina kapa inoa makapeni ia.9 E kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu, hoʻomanaʻo mai nō i kēia manaʻo ke hiki aku i ka māhele hope o kēia pepa, ʻoiai e hoʻomau ana nō ma ka nānā ʻana i kekahi mau loina kapa inoa ʻē aʻe.
Ua kākau akula ʻo Kiele Gonzalez no nā inoa kapakapa, “he inoa i loaʻa wale me ka wae pono ʻole… ʻaʻole paha like ka wae pono ʻana i nā manaʻo o ka inoa, ʻaʻole paha i manaʻo ʻia he inoa ʻiʻo ia, a ʻaʻole paha i hoʻoholo a ʻāpono nā mākua a me ka ʻohana i ka inoa; he inoa ia i kupu wale aʻe, a paʻa iho pēlā.”10 Kūʻē iki wau i kona manaʻo. Pololei nō ʻo ia, i kekahi manawa, ʻaʻole pono ka wae pono ʻia, ke noi ʻia a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻia. He kupu wale aʻe nō ka inoa kapakapa. He mea wale nō ia e peʻe ai ka mea kākau. Aia paha i ka pahuhopu o ka inoa makapeni. Pēlā nō paha ke koho ʻana i nā inoa makapeni. He kumu nō, akā paʻakikī nō paha ke kuhi pololei ʻana i ia kumu. Aia wale nō ka pane i ka mea nona ka inoa. ʻAʻohe kānāwai e pono ai ka haku inoa kapakapa. Eia naʻe, he loina nō ko nā inoa Hawaiʻi.
I koʻu hoʻomaopopo ʻana, he mana nō ko nā inoa a pau loa—nā inoa wae pono ʻia a wae pono ʻole ʻia, nā inoa noi ʻia a noi ʻole ʻia, a me nā inoa noʻonoʻo ʻia a me nā inoa noʻonoʻo ʻole ʻia.
He mea ʻole he inoa maoli a inoa kapakapa ia, no ka mea, ʻo ia ka inoa e hoʻokino ʻia e ka mea
8 Z. P. Kalokuokamaile, “Pakele Mai Haule I Ka Hope Waa,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Iulai 29, 1921, 8. “…a olelo mai la ia’u, o oe paha o Z. P. Kalokuokamaile? Ae, o oe na [pn] paha Kawaikaumaiikamakaokaopua, Lionanohokuahiwi? Ae, owau no.” 9 Koi ʻia nō ka ʻimi noiʻi hou aku i mea e maopopo ai nā kumu o ka māhele hope o ia mau inoa makapeni, akā o lilo auaneʻi kēia pepa i kekahi kumuhana ʻokoʻa, na kekahi ʻimi naʻauao ʻē aʻe e ʻauamo aku i ke kuleana. 10 Keiko Kiele Akana Gooch Gonzalez, “Nā Loina Kapa Inoa Kanaka Hawaiʻi: Mai Ka Wā Kahiko A Hiki I Ke Kenekulia 20” (Pepa Laeoʻo, Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Hilo, 2014), 145.
175 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU nona ia inoa. No laila, ma kekahi ʻano, koi ʻia nō ka wae pono ʻana i nā inoa kapakapa e like nō me nā inoa maoli, a he ʻoi aku nō hoʻi kona koʻikoʻi o ka wae pono ʻia ma nā nūpepa, no ka mea,
ʻo ia ka inoa i hele a laha loa ma o ka heluhelu i mua o ka lehulehu ākea.
He ʻōlelo noʻeau nui a koʻikoʻi kā kākou, “I ka ʻōlelo n[ō] ke ola, i ka ʻōlelo n[ō] ka make.”11 A ma ia manaʻo, ʻike ʻia he mana ko kā ʻōlelo. Pēlā nō hoʻi ka mana o nā inoa. ʻIke ʻia nō ka mana o ka inoa ke hoʻopuka ʻia mai ka waha mai a mai ka ʻīnika o ka peni mai nō paha.
Hōʻoia ʻia ka mana o ka ʻōlelo a me nā inoa e Mary Kawena Pukui, “One’s inoa was both owned property and a kind of force in its own right. Once spoken, an inoa took on an existence, invisible, intangible, but real. An inoa could be a causative agent, capable of marshalling mystic elements to help or hurt the bearer of the name.”12 Hoʻomau akula ua Pukui nei penei,
What was basically most alike was the conviction that a name became a living entity and that these syllables which identified a person could influence health, happiness and even life span…This belief and the tenet that a name is a personal possession have lived on through the changes brought to Hawaii by other cultures.13
Hōʻoia ʻia nō ko Pukui manaʻo ma kā Samuel Mānaiakalani Kamakau kākau ʻana no ke kapa
ʻana i ka ʻāina. Like nō ka mana o ka inoa ʻāina me ka inoa kanaka, a ʻo ia like nō ke koʻikoʻi ma ke kapa inoa ʻana. Wehewehe maila ʻo Kamakau, “…a pela no mai Hawaii a Kauai, aole he inoa i kapa wale ia me ke kumu ole…”14 ʻOiai ua maopopo nō ka mana o nā inoa no ko kākou poʻe kūpuna, ua koho pono ʻia nō nā inoa maoli. Ke kuhi nei wau, he mea nui nā inoa i ko kākou poʻe kūpuna, no laila, he mea ʻole nō ke ʻano o ka inoa, inā he inoa maoli, he inoa kapakapa, a he inoa makapeni paha ia. A he mea ʻole nō hoʻi inā hoʻopuka ʻia mai ka waha mai, a i ʻole mai ka
11 ʻŌlelo Noʻeau # 1191. Mary Kawena Pukui, ʻŌlelo Noʻeau: Hawaiian Proverbs & Poetical Sayings. (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1983). 12 Pukui, Haertig, a me Lee, Nānā I Ke Kumu, Puke. 1, 94. 13 Pukui, Haertig, a me Lee, Nānā I Ke Kumu, Puke 1, 98. 14 S. M. Kamakau, “Ka Moolelo Hawaii, Helu 3,” Ke Au Okoa, Nowemapa 11, 1869, 1.
176 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA? peni mai nō. He mana nō ko nā inoa a pau ma nā pōʻaiapili a pau. Ola ka inoa ke ʻōlelo ʻia, a ola hoʻi ka inoa ke heluhelu ʻia. E ili mai ana paha ka mana pōmaikaʻi a mana ʻino paha o ka inoa ma luna o ka mea nona ia inoa. A, he mea ʻole nā loli o ke au, mau nō ia ʻano noʻonoʻo no ke kapa inoa ʻana a hiki loa i kēia mau lā e neʻe nei—he mana nō ko nā inoa.
Wehewehe hou akula ua Gonzalez nei, “kapakapa ʻia ke kanaka i ka inoa kapakapa no kona ʻano ponoʻī iho—he ʻaoʻao maikaʻi paha, he ʻaoʻao kūikawā, a he ʻaoʻao ʻano ʻē paha. No laila, he hoʻohanohano kekahi inoa kapakapa, a he hoʻohenehene paha kekahi.”15 Eia kekahi mau laʻana. ʻO Kentucky Desha ka inoa kapakapa o Stephen Langhern Desha, makua. No ke kohu like loa o ke kaila lole ona i komo ai me ko Kenetuke, kapa ʻia ihola ʻo ia e kekahi ʻo
Kentucky Desha.16 ʻO Ka Haku o Hawaiʻi ka inoa kapakapa hoʻohanohano o Albert Kaleiopapa a Kamehameha, ke kamāliʻi a Kamehameha IV Alexander Liholiho lāua ʻo Emalani. ʻO Ka
Uwepa Kiani nō kekahi inoa hoʻohanohano i hea ʻia ai ke aliʻi ʻo Victoria Kinoiki Kekaulike, no kona alakaʻi ikaika ʻana ma ke ʻano he kiaʻāina ma Hilo, Hawaiʻi.17
ʻO kekahi loina kapa inoa kapakapa i ʻike ʻia ma nā inoa, a helu ʻole ʻia maila e Gonzalez,
ʻo ia nō nā inoa pilina hemo ʻole o Kānaka me ka ʻāina. I kekahi manawa, kapa ʻia nō kekahi
ʻāina no kekahi kanaka. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Ka Moku o Keawe no Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku, ke aliʻi nui o Hawaiʻi. No ke aliʻi nui ʻo Kākuhihewa, i kapa ʻia ai ʻo Oʻahu ʻo Ke One o Kākuhihewa.
Pēia hoʻi me Nā Hono Aʻo Piʻilani, kekahi inoa no Maui. He mau inoa ʻāina hou aku.
15 Gonzalez, “Nā Loina Kapa Inoa,” 146. 16 Na kekahi mamo āna ʻo Tiani Akeo-Basques i moʻolelo mai iaʻu no kona kupuna a me ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai ʻo ia ʻo Kentucky Desha. Tiani Akeo-Basques, No Stephen Desha, He kūkaʻi ʻōlelo me ka mea kākau, ʻApelila 26, 2019. 17 Kimo Alama Keaulana, “ʻĪlālāʻole Hula Traditions, Principles and Philosophies” (Mōkaulele Hula Series: Culture of Transmitting Knowledge in Indigenous Hawaiʻi, Hilo, Malaki 9, 2019).
177 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU
I kekahi manawa, kapa ʻia kekahi kanaka no ka ʻāina. No ia ʻāina aʻu e kuhi mai nei, ʻaʻole wale nō ka honua, akā he pili nō i nā mea e ʻāina ai kekahi ʻāina, ʻo ia paha kona hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ka ua ʻoe, ʻo ka makani ʻoe, ʻo ka wahi pana ʻoe, ʻo ke kanaka ʻoe. ʻO ke Kīpuʻupuʻu nō ka inoa o nā koa kaulana a ikaika loa hoʻi no ka ʻāina anuanu o Waimea, Hawaiʻi. Kaulana nō lākou no ke kohu like o ko lākou ikaika wiwo ʻole me ka ua Kīpuʻupuʻu me ka makani Kīpuʻupuʻu.
ʻO Nā ʻOhu Haʻaheo i nā Kuahiwi ʻEkolu paha kekahi laʻana o ia pilina ʻāina i ka inoa.
ʻOiai, no ka Moku o Keawe nō ʻo J. W. H. I. Kihe, a pili nō ka hapa nui o kāna mau moʻolelo ma nā moku ʻo Kohala, ʻo Hāmākua, a ʻo Kona nō hoʻi, ʻo ia paha ke kumu o kona inoa. ʻO ia mau kuahiwi ʻekolu, ʻo ia paha ʻo Kohala, Mauna Kea, me Hualālai. ʻO kēlā mau kuahiwi ʻekolu nō paha nā puʻu kū haʻaheo a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi i loko o ia mau moku.18 Ua nui hou aku nā inoa maoli a me nā inoa kapakapa e hōʻike mai ai i ka pilina kanaka me ka ʻāina ma o ia loina kapa inoa.
No laila, ua hōʻike ʻia nō kekahi mau loina o ke kapa inoa kapakapa a makapeni hoʻi.
ʻAʻole naʻe pau pono ka helu ʻia o nā loina, a ʻaʻole nō pili i kēia mau loina a pau i kēlā me kēia inoa, akā he kōkua nō kēia ma ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻana aku i nā mea kākau nona ka inoa makapeni. No ka Hawaiʻi, he mea nui nā inoa no kona manaʻo. No laila, ua koho pono ʻia nō paha kekahi inoa kūpono iā ia. He inoa paha ia kohu like me kona inoa maoli, kona ʻano paha, a i ʻole kekahi mea e pili ai iā ia i kona ʻāina. ʻOiai ua paʻa iki nō kekahi manaʻo no nā loina kapa inoa, e nānā ʻia ana nō nā kumu e kapa inoa ai.
18 ʻO Mauna Loa paha kekahi o ia mau kuahiwi ʻekolu. ʻOiai ua pili nō kekahi o kā Kihe mau moʻolelo i ia mau ʻāina, pēlā nō koʻu kuhi ʻana. He kuhi wale nō ia. Koi ʻia nō ka ʻimi noiʻi hou aku.
178 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA?
NĀ KUMU O KE KAPA INOA MAKAPENI
Nui ʻino nō nā kumu i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā inoa makapeni. ʻAʻole nō i hiki ke kuhi pololei i nā kumu a pau loa. A ʻokoʻa paha ko kekahi kumu, a ʻokoʻa nō paha ko kekahi kumu. Ma ke ʻano nōhie loa, inā makemake e hoʻohana ʻia kekahi inoa makapeni ma ka nūpepa, ua hiki nō. ʻAʻohe kumu nui hou aʻe e pono ai ma waho o ka ʻiʻini. ʻO ia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Akā, i kuʻu wahi manaʻo e like me kaʻu i luna aʻe nei, no ka ʻike maopopo o ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i ka mana a koʻikoʻi hoʻi nona kekahi inoa, he kumu nō ko ka hoʻohana ʻia o ka inoa kapakapa. Ma ke kālailai ʻana aku me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana iho no kekahi mau ʻatikala i paʻi ʻia i nā nūpepa, hāpai ʻia aʻela nō kekahi mau kumu. He pololei paha, ʻaʻole paha. Akā, he kuhi wale nō ia e hoʻomaopopo iki ai i nā loina inoa makapeni o nā nūpepa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi.
Eia mai nei kekahi mau kumu o ke kapa inoa makapeni:
I hilahila ʻole I hoʻēmi ʻole ʻia ke kūlana I hoʻohenehene ʻole ʻia I hoʻopāpā ʻole ʻia I hopohopo a makaʻu ʻole I hoʻopiʻi ʻia aʻe ai ka waiwai o ka moʻolelo ma mua o ka mea kākau No ka makemake ʻOkoʻa ke ola kanaka, ʻokoʻa ke ola mea kākau Ulu aʻe ka hoi/haʻohaʻo I pili ai me ka ʻāina a moʻolelo paha
ʻAʻole pau kēia papa helu, a he mau kumu hou aku nō.19 No kēia mau kumu i helu ʻia i luna aʻe nei, e wehewehe pōkole ʻia ana nō ia mau kumu i akāka leʻa ai.
ʻO kekahi kumu paha, ʻo nā inoa makapeni kekahi mea i ulu aʻe ai ka hoi a haʻohaʻo paha o ka moʻolelo. I mea e kālele wale ai ma ka moʻolelo, ʻaʻole naʻe ma ka mea kākau, ʻo ia paha kekahi kumu o lilo auaneʻi paha ka mea kākau ʻo ia ka mea nui i ʻike ʻia ma ka moʻolelo. ʻAʻole
19 He pepa nui hou aku nō ke kālailai ʻana aku i nā kumu a pau i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā inoa, na kahi ʻeleu paha e ʻimi noiʻi aku.
179 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU paha pēlā ka makemake nui a ka mea kākau. I kekahi manawa, hōʻole ʻia kekahi manaʻo, a lilo ihola ka hoʻohalahala ʻia o ka mea kākau ʻo ia ka mea nui ma mua o ka ʻike.
ʻO nā nūpepa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, he kahua hoʻopāpā ākea nō ia i mua o ka hū me ke anaina.
Ua kākau ʻia nō kekahi manaʻo, a hoʻouna ʻia akula i ka hale paʻi. Hoʻoponopono ʻia, a paʻi ʻia akula no nā maka heluhelu o nā ʻāuna kānaka. No ia hoʻolaha manaʻo ʻana i mua o ke anaina nui, ua nui nō paha nā manaʻo like ʻole e kākoʻo like ana, e hoʻopāpā ana, a e kūʻē ana i ka ʻōlelo, ka manaʻo, a me ka mea nāna i kākau. ʻO ia paha kekahi kumu i hōʻike ʻole ʻia ai nā inoa maoli i hilahila ʻole, i hoʻēmi ʻole ʻia ke kūlana o ka mea kākau, i hoʻohenehene ʻole ʻia, a i hoʻopāpā ʻole
ʻia.
Ua ʻike ʻia nō ia loina hoʻopāpā i loko o nā nūpepa ma ke au i hoʻokumu ʻia ai nā nūpepa.
Ua kaulana nō ka hoʻopāpā a S. Kamakau lāua ʻo A. Unauna. Kaʻana like akula ʻo Kamakau i ka
ʻike kūʻauhau i loaʻa iā ia i kona wā e haumāna ana ma ke kula ʻo Lāhaināluna. Heluhelu ʻia nō e
Unauna, a pane koke akula penei, “I ka wa kahiko, he olelo kapu loa keia [ke kuauhau]…Aole e loaa keia olelo i ka makaainana; aole i na kanaka kuaaina; aia o na lii ka mea e loaa ai…Mai hana i ke kuauhau me ka lohe ole.”20 Ma kekahi ʻano, e kuhi ana ua Unauna nei, he makaʻāinana a kuaʻāina wale nō paha ʻo Kamakau. A ʻoiai he “olelo kapu loa” ke kūʻauhau ʻana, ʻaʻohe o
Kamakau kuleana no ka hoʻolaha kūʻauhau ʻana aku i mua o nā makamaka a pau.
Pane pākīkē koke akula ʻo Kamakau iā Unauna penei,
E Unauna e, e noho mua ilalo, e noonoo, e pelu iki mai, e heluhelu iki iho, e noonoo iki no a maopopo loa; alaila e kakau iho me ko akamai…No hea la ke kuhihewa? No ka maka paha, malie he uuku ka ike, e hoonui hou ae, i mahuahua ka ike; e hoomahuahua hou i ke poo, i nui ka noonoo. O ka mea paio mai ia’u ma keia kuhihewa: e ku no ia ma ka puka o ka hoka, a e haule iho malalo o kuu mau wawae a e kolo aku ilalo me he naio la…e akaaka makou, na haumana o ke Kulanui ia oe, me ka henehene.21
20 A. Unauna, “No Ke Kuauhau,” Ka Nonanona, Nowemapa 8, 1842, 7–8. 21 Samuel Manaiakalani Kamakau, “Lahainaluna, Dek. 2, 1842,” Ka Nonanona, Pepeluali 14, 1843, 3.
180 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA?
Ua ahuwale nō ka inaina a ukiuki paha a ua Kamakau nei ma kāna ʻōlelo ʻuʻu. Hōʻoia akula ʻo ia i kona naʻauao ma ka hōʻike ʻana i kona kula i hele ai. A hoʻēmi a hoʻohaʻahaʻa aku nō ʻo
Kamakau iā Unauna penei, “e haule iho malalo o kuu [Kamakau] mau wawae a e kolo aku ilalo me he naio la.” Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole wale nō “na haumana o ke Kulanui” e ʻakaʻaka ana iā Unauna, akā ʻo ke anaina nō paha kekahi no ia ʻōlelo a Kamakau.
Ua paʻi ʻia nō ka ʻike i loaʻa iā Kamakau, a loiloi ʻia i mua o ke anaina. A no ia loiloi ākea
ʻana, hoʻohenehene ākea ʻia nō ua Unauna nei a hilahila paha ka naʻau. No laila, i ka hōʻike ʻana aku i ka inoa maoli, loiloi ʻia a nemanema ʻia paha ka mea kākau, kāna mea i kākau ai, me kona moʻokūʻauhau.22 Eia kekahi, hoʻohalahala ʻia nō hoʻi ke kuleana a me ka naʻauao a ia mea kākau.
I kekahi manawa, hoʻohenehene ʻia nō i mua o nā kānaka he nui, he mea e hilahila loa ai ka naʻau. ʻAʻole ka ʻōlelo kīkoi, ka ʻeha a hilahila paha a me ka naʻauao wale nō ʻo ke kumu i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā inoa makapeni. ʻO ka hopohopo a me ka makaʻu paha kekahi mau kumu nui.
Ma kekahi paio waha ʻole ma waena o Kamaka Stillman lāua ʻo Kohala-Nui-Kohala-Iki, ua hoʻopāpā ʻia nō ka moʻolelo o ka hānai ʻia ʻana o Kamehameha I, Ka Naʻi Aupuni o Hawaiʻi nei, i paʻi ʻia ma ke Kuokoa Home Rula.23 Eia mai nō ka moʻolelo. Hoʻouna ʻia akula kekahi leka i ka nūpepa, na Kamaka O-u-ka-maka-o-ka-wauke-oi-opiopio Stillman i kākau. Ua kūʻē pololei aku ʻo ia i kā Naeʻole hānai ʻana aku iā Kamehameha i ka ʻuala. Kuhi akula ua Stillman nei, na kona kupunawahine kuakolu ʻo Kahaopulani nō i hānai aku iā Kamehameha ma ʻĀwini. Hānai
22 No kēia moʻokūʻauhau e kuhi ʻia mai nei, ʻo ia ke kūʻauhau o ka ʻohana, ke kūlana, a me ka ʻike. 23 “Ka Moolelo o Ka Kamehameha I,” Kuokoa Home Rula, Pepeluali 10, 1911, 4. ʻAʻole paha i pau ka moʻolelo, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hoʻi hoʻomau ʻia. No ia kumu, ʻike leʻa ʻole ʻia ka mea kākau. Ma ka ʻōlelo hoʻākāka, “Ua hanai a ua malama iho o Naeole i kana hanai alii ma na kaiaulu o Halawa me ka nene-ihi kapu. O ka waiu i hanai ia ai ua alii opio nei, oia no ka uala maka…” ʻO ia manaʻo nō kekahi mea nui i hoʻopāpā nui ʻia e Kamaka Stillman me Kohala-Nui-Kohala-Iki.
181 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU pū ʻia maila ke keiki aliʻi me kā Kahaopulani keiki ponoʻī ʻo Kuakane, he “hoa ai waiu o ke Alii
[Kamehameha].”24
Kākau koke akula nō kekahi kamaʻāina o Kohala ʻo Kohala-Nui-Kohala-Iki, ʻo ia nō kona ʻāina hānau, e kūʻē hou aku ana i ko Stillman manaʻo.25 ʻŌlelo akula ʻo ia, “…o ka inoa lopa o Awini i kapaia, he ‘pee-lalula,’ he inoa kauwa, a pehea e noho ai kekahi alii no ka hanai ana ia
Kamehameha malaila?”26 Ma kona ʻōlelo ʻana no ka ʻāina, hoʻēmi ʻia nō ka mana o kā Stillman moʻolelo, kona kūlana a me kona moʻokūʻauhau. Eia kekahi, he welewele iwi nō kāna no ia
ʻohana.
Hū aʻela paha ka inaina o Kamaka Stillman, a ʻo ka pane pākīkē akula nō ia. A ʻo ka pākīkē aku a ʻo ka pākīkē mai nō kā lāua hana. He hoʻopāpā waha ʻole nō ia. Kauoha pinepine akula nō ʻo Stillman iā Kohala-nui-Kohala-iki e hōʻike mai nō i kona inoa maoli. Pane hou akula ua Kohala nei, “No kuu inoa, aole ia o ka kaua kumuhana. Aole no he mea pono no’u e hoike koke i keia wa i ko’u inoa, o hele mai oukou i Alanui Kukui nei e huhu ai ia’u…”27 Ma kāna
ʻōlelo, ʻike mua ʻia kona makemake e huaʻi ʻole i kona inoa maoli o lilo auaneʻi ke kumuhana nui a lākou i ka hoʻopāpā. Malia paha, ua makemake nui ʻo Stillman e ʻike i ka inoa maoli o Kohala- nui-Kohala-iki i hōʻoia ai i kona moʻokūʻauhau ʻike (e wehewehe koke ʻia ana kēia manaʻo).
24 “Ka Moolelo o Ka Kamehameha,” 4. ʻO Kuakane ke kupunawahine kualua a ua Kamaka Stillman lā. Hiki paha ke kuhi ʻia, he hana paha kēia e hōʻike aku ai i ka lehulehu no kona pilina aliʻi. 25 Ua koho pono ʻia nō kēia inoa ʻo Kohala-Nui-Kohala-Iki, no ka mea, no Kohala ʻo ia, a ʻo ia nō kona ʻāina hānau. He inoa laʻana nō ia e hōʻike ana i ka pilina hemo ʻole o ke kanaka o kona ʻāina ma o ka inoa makapeni. 26 Kohala-nui-Kohala-iki, “He Pane Ia O-u-Ka-Maka-o-Ka-Wauke-Oi-Opiopio.,’” Ke Au Hou, Mei 17, 1911, 23. 27 Kohala-nui-Kohala-iki, “Kaka’o Ka Waha o Ka Ua Nahua i Ka Nahele!,” Ke Au Hou, Iune 21, 1911, 29. He hoihoi nō kona kuhikuhi ʻana mai i alanui i noho ai ʻo ia no ka mea, e hele ʻia aku ana nō paha e ia mau kānaka hoʻopilikia wale aku. Akā naʻe, ʻoiai ʻo Kohala-nui-Kohala-iki, ʻaʻohe ona kumu e hōʻike aku ai me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Malia paha, he alanui nō ia e hoʻolalau wale aku ai i ka poʻe i ʻauana hele wale i laila.
182 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA?
Eia kekahi, hiki nō ke ʻike ʻia ka hopohopo a makaʻu maoli hoʻi o ka hele ʻana mai a ka hoa paio i kona hale ponoʻī no ka hoʻouluāoʻa a hoʻopilikia wale ʻana aku ma muli o ka hōʻike ʻana i kona manaʻo.28 No laila, i kona manaʻo, ua aho nō paha kekahi inoa makapeni i pāweo akula i ke alo o ka pilikia. Ua hiki nō iā haʻi ke kūkākākā, hoʻopāpā, hōʻike manaʻo, hoʻohalahala wale aku e like me kona makemake, a ʻo nā inoa makapeni nō hoʻi kona pale.
Eia kekahi, ua makaʻu paha kekahi mea kākau o ka hoʻēmi ʻia o kona kūlana me ka moʻokūʻauhau i mua o ke anaina ma muli o kona manaʻo i kākau ai ma nā nūpepa. Malia paha,
ʻokoʻa ke ola kanaka, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi ke ola mea kākau. Ua hoʻohana ʻia paha nā inoa makapeni i mea e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai ia mau māhele o ke ola. ʻO Figgs no ka mōʻī ʻo Kalākaua kekahi laʻana kūpono. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nō kāna puni haku mele i kona kuleana noho aliʻi. He inoa kapakapa pāʻani kēia, ʻaʻole nō ia he inoa e hūnā ai ʻo Kalākaua.
Eia hou mai, inā he kahu nō kekahi ma ka hale pule, a aia nō ʻo ia i kona hale e kākau ana i nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi piha i nā manaʻo kū ʻole i ia ʻano kahu hale pule, he kumu maikaʻi paha ia no ka peʻe ʻana i loko o kekahi inoa makapeni, i hoʻēmi ʻole ʻia ai kona kūlana.
No laila, ma kekahi ʻano, he hoʻokamani paha nā inoa makapeni. Eia kekahi, ʻoiai ua lilo nō nā nūpepa he waihona ʻike o nā kūpuna. Ua maopopo nō i ka poʻe kūpuna, e mālama maikaʻi
ʻia ana ka ʻike i laila no ka pono o nā hanauna hou aku. Malia paha, ua noʻonoʻo paha kekahi,
ʻaʻole ka hōʻike ʻana aku i ka inoa o ka mea kākau ʻo ka mea nui, ʻo ka mea nui ka ʻike. Mea ʻole ka hoʻohalahala a hoʻohanohano paha ka mea nāna i waiho mai i ia ʻike, ʻo ka mea nui ka mālama
ʻia o ka ʻike. Koe aku ia.
28 Hoihoi nō naʻe kona hōʻike ʻana aku i ke alanui ona i noho ai. He mea hoʻolalau paha ia? Malia paha, he manaʻo kaona paha ko laila. Koe aku ia.
183 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU
Ua hiki maila kākou i kahi maikaʻi e lele iki ai a pae aku i kahi e pilikia ai ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻana aku i nā mea kākau nona nā inoa makapeni.
NĀ PILIKIA I KA NOIʻI ʻANA I KEKAHI MEA KĀKAU NONA KA INOA MAKAPENI
E like nō me nā kumu like ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻia o nā inoa makapeni, like ʻole nō hoʻi nā pilikia i ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻana. ʻEkolu pilikia nui e kālele ʻia ana ma kēia māhele, ʻo ke kuhi hewa, ʻo ka pōʻaiapili, a ʻo ka moʻokūʻauhau. Maikaʻi loa paha ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana aku i kēia mau pilikia e
ʻupu ana i mea e akanoiʻi ai.29
No ka ʻike ʻole o ka inoa maoli ka pilikia mua, a ua hoʻāʻo Ka Nupepa Kuokoa e koikoi aku i ka lehulehu e hoʻohana ʻole i nā inoa kapakapa penei, “ke kauleo hou aku nei no makou, aole make [pn] hoouna mai i kekahi manao ma ka inoa kapakapa, o waiho wale ia ma ka papa. Eia ke kumu, ina i ninauia mai makou, owai o Ki ? Heaha ka makou e olelo aku ai, eia, aole makou i ike, oiai o oe wale no kai ike i kou inoa.”30 Eia naʻe, ua mau nō ke paʻi ʻia ʻana o nā ʻatikala e nā mea kākau nona nā inoa kapakapa a makapeni hoʻi, no ka mea, puni nā Kānaka i nā inoa kapakapa. Hiki ʻole ke huli kua. Malia paha, ua hoʻouna pū ʻia ka inoa maoli me nā ʻatikala me ke noi ʻana aku i ka hale paʻi e paʻi ʻole i ka inoa maoli. No laila, ua maopopo paha i ka hale paʻi ka inoa maoli o kā lākou poʻe mea kākau.
Eia mai nō kekahi laʻana mai ka nūpepa ʻōlelo haole mai.
Who are the real people of Hawaii? Are they the decadent and dwindling race of aboriginal Hawaiians, who still linger in the land? Or are they not rather the fresh, active,
29 ʻO “aka”, he hua ʻōlelo pākuʻi i mua o kekahi hua ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe e like me “akahele,” “akaʻai” a ia ʻano mea. No laila, hāpai aʻe wau i kēia hua ʻōlelo ʻo “akanoiʻi” no ka hana pono ʻana i ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻana. E like nō me kaʻu kumu ʻo Kahikina de Silva i wehewehe ai no kēia manaʻo, “e nihi ka noiʻi, mai hoʻopā.” 30 ʻAʻohe poʻe inoa, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Kēkēmapa 2, 1865, 3.
184 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA?
brainy white race? Whites must govern! By reason of their superior capacity and force, the whites of Hawaii have become the real people of Hawaii.31 – Kamehameha
ʻAʻole ka ʻōlelo ʻo ka mea nui loa ma kēia kālailai ʻana, ʻo ka mea nui ka inoa i pūlima ʻia. Pūʻiwa paha ka naʻau i ka heluhelu ʻana mai i ia inoa aliʻi ʻo Kamehameha. Akā, ʻaʻole ia ʻo
Kamehameha, Ka Naʻi Aupuni, a ʻaʻole hoʻi he aliʻi no ka ʻohana Kamehameha. He inoa makapeni nō ia na Sereno Bishop. He keiki mikionali, a he kahu hale pule nō ʻo ia. Ua paʻi mau
ʻo ia i nā ʻatikala ma nā nūpepa mikionali ma ʻAmelika ma ka hoʻohana i ia inoa aliʻi hanohano.
ʻIke leʻa ʻia nō kona ʻano i ke ʻano o kāna mau ʻatikala i pāhola akula, e laʻa “Annexation is the thing Desired,” ”Race Supremacy,” me “Interesting Gossip About King Kalakaua’s Widow.”32
Heluhelu mai ana ka poʻe no waho mai o Hawaiʻi i kēia mau manaʻo hoʻokae ʻili, kūʻē Hawaiʻi, kākoʻo hoʻokahuli aupuni, a hauwalaʻau nō hoʻi a ʻike ʻia akula ia inoa Hawaiʻi kaulana loa ʻo
Kamehameha. ʻO ka mea mua, he hana hoʻowaia ia i ka inoa ʻo Kamehameha, i ka ʻohana aliʻi, a me ka lāhui Hawaiʻi. ʻO kekahi mea nui nō hoʻi, e kuhi hewa ana paha ka mea heluhelu, he manaʻo Hawaiʻi nō ia. ʻAʻole nō pēlā, he launa maoli nō ia me kekahi aliʻi ʻokoʻa ʻo Kākuhihewa.
No ia kuhi hewa ʻana, maopopo ʻole ana i ka mea heluhelu ka pōʻaiapili holoʻokoʻa o ka moʻolelo a manaʻo paha i hoʻolaha ʻia ma nā nūpepa. No ke aha i kākau ʻia ai ka ʻatikala? I mea aha ka moʻolelo a manaʻo paha? Inā ua maopopo ka inoa maoli a me kona ola, he mea e hōʻoia ai a e hōʻoia ʻole ai paha i ka ʻike āna i kākau ai? No hea mai ka ʻike, ʻo ia hoʻi ka moʻokūʻauhau
ʻike?
31 Ron Williams, Jr., Hawai’i Palapala Archives, Verses [pn] History From English Archives, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OOvxSxAXi20. Kuhi akula ua Williams, Jr. nei i kekahi ʻatikala nūhou a Sereno Bishop i kākau ai i ka M.H. 1896 a hoʻouna akula ʻia iā American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Eia kekahi, kuhi ʻia nō kā William ma kahi o ka palapala kumu, ʻoiai nāna nō i ʻimi a loaʻa kēia ʻike, a ma o ia wikiō nō i ʻaʻapo ʻia mai ai. 32 Williams, Jr, 2015.
185 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU
He mea nui loa nō ia nīnau hope, no ka mea, he nui a koʻikoʻi ka moʻokūʻauhau i ke kuanaʻike Hawaiʻi. Wahi a Pualani Kanakaʻole Kanahele, ʻo ka “…moʻokūʻauhau—the genealogical starting point of all things Hawaiian…”33 Hoʻomāhuahua hou aku ʻo Lilikalā
Kameʻeleihiwa no ka moʻokūʻauhau, penei, “…genealogies are perceived by Hawaiians as an unbroken chain that links those alive today to the primeval life forces—to the mana [pn] (spiritual power) that first emerged with the beginning of the world. Genealogies anchor Hawaiians to our place in the universe and give use the comforting illusion of continued existence.”34 ʻO ka moʻokūʻauhau ka mea e pili ai kākou, ka Hawaiʻi, i ko kākou poʻe kūpuna a hiki loa i kā kākou poʻe mamo e hiki mai ana, i ka iʻa, i ke kalo, i ka manu, i ka mauna, i ka ʻāina, i ke kai, i nā mea a pau loa mai ka lani a i ka honua a i ka hohonu lipolipo o ke kai nō hoʻi.
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia manaʻo no ka moʻokūʻauhau e kuʻualoha hoʻomanawanui no ke kālailai
ʻana i ka moʻokūʻauhau moʻolelo.35 Ma ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ka moʻokūʻauhau, ʻaʻole pili wale nō ka moʻokūʻauhau o ke kanaka, akā ʻo ke kumu nō hoʻi o ka ʻike. Mai hea mai ka ʻike? Pehea e pili ai kekahi moʻolelo i kekahi moʻolelo? Pehea i aʻo ʻia mai ai ka mea nona ka ʻike i ia ʻike? E noʻonoʻo pono no ka hoʻopāpā a Kamakau lāua ʻo Unauna, a me ka hoʻopāpā iā Stillman lāua ʻo
Kohala-iki-Kohala-nui, ʻo ka mea nui i hoʻopāpā ʻia, ʻo ia ka moʻokūʻauhau ʻike. Na wai hoʻi ka
ʻike o ka moʻokūʻauhau ʻoiaʻiʻo. Inā ʻike leʻa ʻia ka moʻokūʻauhau ʻike a ka mea nona ka ʻike (ma kēia papahana, ʻo ka mea kākau nō ia) ma o kona ʻohana, kona ʻāina hānau, kona kula, kona poʻe
33 Pualani Kanakaʻole Kanahele, Ka Honua Ola ʻEliʻeli Kau Mai: The Living Earth Descend, Deepen the Revelation (Kamehameha Publishing, 2011), xiv. 34 Lilikalā Kameʻeleihiwa, Native Land and Foreign Desires: Pehea Lā E Pono Ai? (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1992), 19-20. 35 “I use mo‘okū‘auhau to describe the relationship between texts with the intentional connotation of a genealogical succession. This relationship is multidimensional—the texts simultaneously represent the writers, editors, and islands they are from.” Kapa ʻia nō paha kēia ʻo intellectual genealogy. kuʻualoha hoʻomanawanui, Voices of Fire: Reweaving the Literary Lei of Pele and Hiʻiaka (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2014), xxxviii.
186 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA? kumu a pēlā wale aku he ʻoi aku paha ka hilinaʻi i ka ʻike. ʻAʻole haku wale ʻia. No laila, e like me ka mea nui o ka moʻokūʻauhau kanaka, he mea nui nō hoʻi ka moʻokūʻauhau ʻike. Ke ʻike ʻole ʻia ka moʻokūʻauhau ʻike, ʻo ia paha ke kumu ʻike, ʻaʻole nō paʻa ke kahua.
Inā ʻike ʻole ʻia ka mea kākau, maʻalahi loa ke kuhi hewa ʻana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ka hoʻopaʻa pono ʻana i ka pōʻaiapili, a me ka hōʻoia ʻana mai i ke kumu ʻike o kāna mea i kākau ai. Akā, mai nō a kuhi hewa ē, ʻaʻole wau e ʻōlelo nei, ʻo ka ʻike maopopo ʻana i ka mea kākau ka mea e pono loa ai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. He kōkua nui nō naʻe ia.
E kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu ē, ʻoiai ua hoʻokahua ʻia nō ka ʻike o nā inoa makapeni, hiki nō ke nānā hou i nā ʻatikala a J. W. K. Kaualilinoe i mea e ʻohiʻohi aku ai i ka hunahuna ʻike nona, i kuhi ʻia ai kona ola kanaka me kona ʻano, a ua hiki paha ke kuhi ʻia kona inoa maoli. ʻO ka māhele e hiki koke mai ana, ʻo ia nō kekahi moʻolelo no Kaualilinoe, a nāna iho nō.
I MAOPOPO AI KO’U INOA MAOLI: NO KA HUNAHUNA ʻIKE O KAUALILINOE
Ma ʻaneʻi ana nō kākou e nānā hou ai i kekahi mau ʻatikala a Kaualilinoe i kākau ai.
ʻAʻole naʻe no ke kālailai ʻike, akā no ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hunehune ʻike i kūkulu ʻia ai he moʻolelo kanaka nona. I loko o kāna mau mea i kākau ai, waiho ʻia maila nō kekahi mau maheu no kona moʻolelo kanaka ponoʻī. E hoʻāhu ʻia ana kēia mau ʻike hunehune āna i kēia māhele nei. ʻAʻole pili kēia māhele i ke kuhi ʻana i ka inoa maoli ona, ma kekahi māhele ʻē aʻe ana nō ia. E hoʻomaka paha i ka nānā ʻana i kona inoa. E kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu ē, mai nō a poina, no ka ʻike kālailai hou aku no kēia mau ʻatikala i lalo iho nei, e hoʻi hou aku i nā Mokuna I, Mokuna II, Mokuna
III.
ʻO J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, i kekahi manawa ʻo J. W. Kaualilinoe, kona inoa makapeni. He mea nui ana kēia hua mua ʻo J. W. K no kekahi māhele e hiki koke mai ana, no laila, no ka
187 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU manawa, e hoʻomanaʻo wale iho nō i kēlā mau hua a hiki kākou i laila. E nānā hou aku kākou i kona inoa ʻohana.
Inā ua kū nō ka loina kapa inoa makapeni no ka pilina hemo ʻole i ka ʻāina, ʻo ka maheu mua i waiho ʻia e Kaualilinoe, ʻo ia nō kona inoa. Hoihoi nō kona inoa ʻohana ʻo Kaualilinoe. He inoa ua nō ʻo Lilinoe. Wahi a Colette Leimomi Akana me kāna keiki ʻo Kiele Gonzalez, “A rain name can tell the story of its origin and the characteristics of the rain.”36 Malia paha, e moʻolelo mai ana kona inoa no kona ʻāina. E like nō me kaʻu e kuhi nei, inā ua wae pono ʻia nō nā inoa kapakapa, he maheu maoli nō kona inoa. Kaulana nō ka ua Lilinoe ma Hāmākua,37 a me Hilo,38 a me nā kuahiwi kaulana ʻo Maunakea lāua ʻo Haleakalā.39 No ia ʻāina mai paha ʻo ia? Malia paha, no laila nō paha kona ʻohana. Koe aku ia. Akā inā pēlā, he maikaʻi nō paha ka ʻimi ʻana i kekahi kanaka nona nā hua mua ʻo J. W. K. i pili i kēlā mau ʻāina.
ʻO ka ʻāina i kāpili pū ʻia ma kahi i pūlima ʻia ai kona inoa ma kāna mau ʻatikala, ʻo ia ʻo
Kaholoakeāhole, Honolulu a ʻo Luheikawai, Mānoa. ʻO “Kaholoakeahole, Honolulu” kahi i waiho ʻia ai ma ka hopena o kāna ʻatikala mua i loaʻa iaʻu.40 Aia nō ma ka “Old waterfront section of Honolulu seaward of Kakaʻako.”41 ʻAʻole naʻe ia ma kahi i heleleʻi mai ai ka ua Lilinoe.
Aia paha ia ʻāina ma nā alanui i kapa ʻia ʻo Water me Waiʻaleʻale.42 ʻAʻole nō e kū mau ana ia
36 Collette Leimomi Akana lāua ʻo Kiele Gonzales, Hānau Ka Ua: Hawaiian Rain Names (Honolulu, HI: Kamehameha Publishing, 2015), xvi. 37 Stephen L. Desha and Julia Keonaona, “He Moolelo Kaao no Hiiaka-i-kapoli-o-Pele, ka wahine i ka hikina a ka la a o ka u‘i palekoki uwila o Halemau mau.,” Ka Hoku o Hawaii, ʻAukake 2, 1927, 1. 38 Hurricane, “Ka Ui Nohea Takahone-Sui,” Ka Lanakila, Iulai 9, 1909, 18. Kuhi ʻia, “…me he mea la ua lokua wale e ka ua lilinoe o Hilo.” 39 Akana lāua ʻo Gonzales, Hānau Ka Ua: Hawaiian Rain Names, 162–63. 40 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Pua rose nani ka wahine noho pono,” Ke Au Okoa, Kēkēmapa 18, 1865, 4. 41 Pukui, Mookini, a me Elbert, Place Names of Hawaii, 65. 42 “L.C.A # 23” (AVA Konohiki, 1844), http://cdm16093.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16093coll1/id/2678.
188 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA? mau inoa i kēia mau lā, no laila, ʻaʻole nō i hiki ke kuhi pololei i ia wahi. Ua nalo paha. Ua noho paha ʻo ia ma laila, ʻaʻole paha. Hoʻokahi manawa wale nō i ʻike ʻia ai ia wahi me Kaualilinoe.43
Eia kekahi, ma mua o ka nānā ʻana i kona ʻāina ʻē aʻe ʻo Luheikawai. He mea nui a hoihoi hoʻi ko loko o kāna ʻatikala mua. No nā wāhine Hawaiʻi nō ia ʻatikala mua. Kākau akula ʻo
Kaualilinoe penei, “…o’u kaikuahine o Hawaii o Keawe imiloa…” ʻO ka huaʻōlelo ʻo
“kaikuahine,” he mea maʻamau nō ka hea ʻia ʻana o nā wāhine piliʻohana e nā kāne.44 No laila, no ia ʻōlelo āna, he kāne nō paha ʻo Kaualilinoe.
ʻElua makahiki nō ma hope o ia ʻatikala mua a Kaualilinoe, kākau hou ʻia maila kekahi
ʻatikala e ia nei. Ma ia hope mai, ʻo Mānoa nō kona ʻāina. I kekahi manawa, kākau pū ʻia nō ʻo
“Luheikawai, Manoa.” ʻImi ʻia akula nō kēia ʻāina ʻo Luheikawai ma nā puke, nā palapala ʻāina, a me nā palapala kahiko. Ma nā nūpepa wale nō i ʻike ʻia ai ʻo Luheikawai, a aia wale nō ma loko o kā Kaualiilinoe kākau ʻana, koe naʻe hoʻokahi manawa. Ua paʻi ʻia nō kekahi hōʻike manaʻo ma Ke
Au Okoa, na J. W. Puamana i kākau. ʻO Luheikawai kahi i kākau ʻia ma ka hopena o ia ʻatikala.45
E kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu, e hoʻomanaʻo mai iā J. W. Puamana, no ka mea, e kū hou ana nō ʻo ia ma ka māhele hope o kēia mokuna. ʻOiai ʻaʻole nō i hiki ke kuhi ʻia kahi o Luheikawai e waiho ala, a i ʻole inā he inoa ʻāina a inoa hale paha ia, akā naʻe, ʻo ka mea i hiki ke kuhi ʻia, aia ʻo
Luheikawai ma Mānoa, a i laila nō i noho ai ʻo J. W. K. Kaualilinoe. E ʻike i ke Kiʻi IV.I.46
43 Ua hele akula wau i ke Keʻena ʻo Accounting and Generals Services (DAGS), a kōkua maila ʻo Meyer Cummins, kekahi limahana i laila, ma ka huli ʻana i nā palapalaʻāina kahiko o Oʻahu nei, akā he ʻole ka loaʻa. Mea mai ʻo ia, ua ʻike paha ʻo ia i kēlā alanui ʻo Water ma kekahi palapalaʻāina kahiko ma mua, akā hiki ʻole iā ia ke hoʻomanaʻo. 44 Mary Kawena Pukui lāua ʻo Samuel H. Elbert, Hawaiian Dictionary: Hawaiian-English, English- Hawaiian (Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1986), 116. 45 J. W. Puamana, “Kuakuanea loa mai nei ka hoi.,” Ke Au Okoa, ʻApelila 27, 1871, 1. 46 Enoch Wood Perry, “Manoa Valley from Waikiki,” Ka Waihona Palapala Kahiko o Kamehameha, 1865: Kiʻi I.III.
189 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU
Kiʻi I.III: Mānoa, 1865. Pena ʻia e Enoch Wood Perry. He ʻikena nō kēia no ka wā i noho ai ʻo Kaualilinoe i Mānoa. He kamaʻāina nō ua Kaualilinoe nei no Mānoa no nā mea āna i ʻike ai a i kākau ai. I ka
M.H. 1871, paʻi ʻia akula ʻo “No Manoa a me kona mau hiohiona” na Kaualilinoe i kākau ma Ka
Nupepa Kuokoa.47 Ua helu ʻia nā inoa ʻāina me nā wahi pana o Mānoa, ʻo Kahoʻiwai, ʻo
Waiakeakua, ʻo Nāniuʻapo. Hōʻike maila ʻo ia no ka ua kaulana o Mānoa ʻo ia ka ua Kuahine
(Tuahine), a me “ka makani kulakulai kauhale, he Kakea.” A kaʻana like akula ʻo ia no ka nohona ma Mānoa, nā nūhou o ia ʻāina, a me ka hana a ka ʻekalesia ma laila. E heluhelu i ka
Mokuna I no ka ʻike hou aku o kēia ʻatikala hoihoi loa.
47 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “No Manoa a me kona mau hiohiona.,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Nowemapa 16, 1872, 1.
190 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA?
ʻO ka mea hoihoi loa o ia ʻatikala, ʻo ia ka moʻolelo no ka ʻōlelo noʻeau kaulana “E hoʻi ka uʻi o Mānoa, ua ahiahi.” 48 Na Kaualilinoe nō i palapala i ka moʻolelo, a i koʻu noiʻi ʻana i ia moʻolelo, ʻo kāna ka mana mua, e like me kaʻu i wehewehe aku ai i ka Mokuna I o kēia palapala nei.
E ʻole kāna wehewehe ʻana, ʻike leʻa kākou i ia moʻolelo a me nā hiʻohiʻona o Mānoa. I kona kaʻana like ʻana aku i kēia moʻolelo no Mānoa, he hōʻoia ia no kona aloha ʻāina ma o ka mālama ʻana, ka hoʻomau ʻana, a me ka hoʻowili ʻana aku i kekahi mau momi e kaulana ai a e haʻaheo ai ʻo Mānoa. Ola ka ʻāina i ke ola pū ʻana o kona moʻolelo.
No kona ʻike i nā moʻolelo no Mānoa a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ia ʻāina, he hōʻailona paha kēia no kona noho ʻana a kupa ma laila, a ʻo ia paha kona ʻāina hānau, a i ʻole ua noho lōʻihi loa ʻo ia ma laila. No ka mea, ʻaʻole wale nō ka noho lōʻihi ʻana ma ka ʻāina ʻo ka mea e kamaʻāina ai kekahi kanaka. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā kānaka, nā wahi pana, nā moʻolelo, a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ia
ʻāina ka mea e kamaʻāina ai a e pili ai kekahi mea i ka ʻāina.
Eia hoʻi kekahi mea hoihoi loa e hoʻomanaʻo ai. No kēia manaʻo āna i hāpai mai ai ma ia
ʻatikala like no Mānoa, “He aina maikai no o Manoa, oia ka helu elua o ke awawa a ka olu i noho ai…” Malia paha, ua noho ʻo ia i kekahi awāwa ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka noho ʻana ma Mānoa.
ʻAʻole paha ia ʻo Kaholoakeāhole, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe awāwa o Kakaʻako. I hea lā ka ʻoi o ke awāwa i noho ai? E kali a i ka māhele hope o kēia mokuna.
Ma hope o kāna ʻatikala no nā hiʻohiʻona ʻāina, ua mau nō kā Kaualilinoe kākau nūhou
ʻana no Mānoa—no nā mea hoihoi, no nā kānaka i hala, no nā kānaka ʻē, no ka ʻEkalesia, no nā
ʻano mea like ʻole. Ua nui paha kona aloha no Mānoa no kona kākau pinepine ʻana no nā mea
48 ʻŌ.N. # 285. Pukui, ʻŌlelo Noʻeau, 1983.
191 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU
āna i ʻike ai no ia ʻāina. He laʻana hou nō ia no kona aloha ʻāina no ka palapala ʻana i nā moʻolelo o kona wā e noho ana ma luna o ka ʻāina.
I kona kākau ʻana i ka nūhou o ka ʻekalesia o Mānoa, ua pili paha ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he hoahānau a luna paha no ka hale pule. No kona noho haumāna ʻana paha i ka poli o Iesū, ʻo ia paha ke kumu o kona kākau ʻana i kekahi ʻatikala no “Ka ino o ka awa.”49 Ma ʻaneʻi nō i ʻike ʻia ai kona ʻano kūʻē ʻuʻuku. He hana kuluma nō ka inu ʻawa i ka poʻe Hawaiʻi. Akā, i kona manaʻo, he
ʻino nō ia. E like nō me kaʻu i wehewehe ai i ka Mokuna I, ua nui ʻino kona wili ʻana ma o ke kaona o nā huaʻōlelo pili i ka hana inu ʻawa i loko o kona manaʻo kūʻē inu ʻawa, me he mea lā, ua maʻa loa nō ʻo ia i ia ʻano hana ʻo ka inu ʻawa. Malia paha, ua ʻike nō ʻo ia i ka hana inu ʻawa.
Eia kekahi, hāpai ʻia maila nō nā moʻolelo o Lāʻieikawai, Lāʻielohelohe,
Kekalukaluokēwā, a me Hinaikamalama i mea e hōʻike mai ai i ka muʻemuʻe hoʻopailua a ka
ʻawa. Hoʻomau akula ʻo ia no nā mea inu ʻawa penei, “haukae hoi na maka, nakakaka ka ili…ano aaua ka helehelena me he kanaka a wahine kahiko loa, ka hele a mauaua.” Lōʻihi hou aku nō kona hoʻohalahala ʻana aku i nā mea inu ʻawa. Ikaika loa nō kona manaʻo me he mea lā ua makemake ʻo ia e hoʻomakaʻu aku i kona mea heluhelu—ʻo nā ʻōpiopio paha—mai nō a luhe i ka
ʻawa. Ma kāna kuhi ʻana i nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi i mea e kūʻē ai i ka inu ʻawa, ua hiki nō ke ʻike leʻa
ʻia kona akamai i nā moʻolelo kahiko a me ke kālailai moʻolelo.
ʻOiai ua kūʻē ʻo ia i kekahi loina Hawaiʻi ʻo ka ʻawa hoʻi, ua kākoʻo a ʻeleu loa paha ʻo ia ma kekahi loina Hawaiʻi ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo. Ma waho aʻe o ka moʻolelo o Lāʻieikawai a me nā moʻolelo ʻē aʻe āna i kuhi aku ai, ua palapala ʻo ia i nā mana mua i ʻike ʻia ma nā nūpepa
49 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Ino o Ka Awa,” Ke Au Okoa, Iune 22, 1871, 3. E nānā i ka Mokuna I no ka ʻike hou aku.
192 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA? no Kalelealuaka a me Kamaakamahiʻai. A ua mākaukau ʻo ia e palapala i kekahi moʻolelo
Hawaiʻi ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole nō i paʻi ʻia. (E nānā i ka Mokuna II a me ka Mokuna III no ka ʻike hou aku.) Ma ka hopena o ka moʻolelo o Kamaakamahiʻai, kākau akula ʻo Kaualilinoe, “…a o ka palena keia o ko kakou kaao. E pau ana, no ka mea, o ka pau ia o kahi i loaa ia’u.” Malia paha, na kekahi paha i haʻi moʻolelo aku iā ia i kēlā mau moʻolelo āna i ʻike ai. Koe aku ia. Akā, ʻo ka mea akāka loa nō hoʻi, he loea akamai loa nō ʻo ia i nā moʻolelo kahiko o kākou.
Ua puni ʻo ia i ka hoʻowili ʻana aku i nā moʻolelo i ke anaina no ke paʻi pinepine ʻana ma nā nūpepa. Ua makemake paha ʻo ia i ka hoʻomau ʻia ʻana aku a me ke ola mau o kēia mau moʻolelo ma nā waihona noʻonoʻo o nā kānaka, no ka mea, ma ka ʻōlelo hoʻākāka o Kalelealuaka, ua paipai ʻo ia i kāna mau mea heluhelu penei, “ke kauoha aku nei au ia oukou, e heluhelu akahele, i maopopo ka io a me ka iwi, kahi ono hoi a me kahi hoopailua, a na oukou no ia e kaana pono iho.”50 Kaʻana like ʻia nō kēia mau moʻolelo i mea e kaʻana like hou aku ai, a i ola ai i kahi hanauna a i kahi hanauna hou aku. ʻO ia paha kona ʻiʻini.
No kona kākau nui ʻana paha ma nā nūpepa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, ua lanakoi ʻia kona inoa maoli e kona poʻe mea heluhelu. “No ka pohihihi a me ka noho palaka loa ana o’u no ko’u inoa, nolaila, ke waiho aku nei au nau e huai puka nui ae ma ke akea, malia o haina mai e na opu noonoo a noiau hoi o ka aina, i maopopo ai ko’u inoa maoli, ua kakauia no me na hua palapala, auhea hoi, hokai na noonoo ole…” Waiho akula ʻo ia i kekahi nane ʻāpuʻepuʻe a pohihiu hoʻi, a na ka noʻiau nō e huaʻi aʻela i kona inoa ma ka loaʻa ʻana mai o ka haʻina. E kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu, maikaʻi paha ka heluhelu ʻana i kāna nane me kona hoʻopuka ʻia mai ka waha mai. A laila, e heluhelu hou a kuanoʻo iho. Eia mai nei nō ia:
50 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka, Helu I,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ʻApelila 9, 1870, 1. Ua kohu like loa kēia manaʻo ma ka ʻōlelo hoʻākāka i ka moʻolelo o Kamaakamahiʻai. J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo no Kamaakamahiai,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Iune 18, 1870. “Ke kauoha e aku nei au, e heluhelu me ke akahele, a me ka moakaaka pono, i maopopo ai kahi ono a me kahi ono ole…”
193 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU
He 15 ka nui o na hua palapala o ko’u inoa; hua 1 me 2, e pau ana au i ka ai ia e na lahuikanaka a pau; hua 1, 2, 3 me 4, he inoa au no kekahi kanaka kaulana, a aia au i ka maile o Koiahi; hua 5, 6, me 7, he mea au i makemake nui ia, a he kauwa hoi na na lahui a pau; hua 7 me 8, he inoa au no kekahi kanaka koikoi o Hawaii nei; hua 3, 8, 9 me 10, he holoholona au i makemake nui ia mai o loa mai; hua 9, 10, me 11, aia au i na nalu kai o ke Ka’ulua, a he olelo nui ia au e Hawaii, hua 12, 13, 14 me 15, ke ake mai nei na lahuikanaka a pau e loaa aku au ia lakou; hua 1, 2, 5, 15, 14 me 4, e ike ia no au he kahunapule, a aia au ma ka Ua Kanilehua; hua 3, 10, 9, 4, me 7, e hoomaopopoia no koʻu ano he hapa au no ka aina pua, a o ko’u wahi aloha loa o ka nahele laau o Panaewa.51
Ua kikokiko hou ʻia a hoʻonohonoho hou ʻia ka nane i maʻalahi ai ka heluhelu ʻana. (E nānā i ka
Pakuhi IV.II).
Ua hoʻouna ʻia nō nā kuhi i ka nūpepa, a ua “Kalanakahi wale no mai Kaena a
Waialua”—ʻo ia hoʻi, ua pololei like nō nā haʻina i hoʻouna ʻia maila.52 ʻO “Ko Hawaii Pae Aina” nō ia. “Ua loaa ua nane nei,” akā ʻaʻole nō i loaʻa kona inoa maoli iā kākou. ʻAʻole ia ʻo ka haʻina no kona inoa maoli. Ua mau nō ka pohihihi a me ka noho palaka ʻana ona no kona inoa. He aha ka pilina me Kaualilinoe me ia haʻina ʻo “Ko Hawaii Pae Aina”? He maheu nō paha ia no kona inoa maoli. ʻO ia ka inoa o ka nūpepa i paʻi akula i kēia nane. Ua pili nō paha ʻo ia i ka hale paʻi nūpepa? He limahana paha ʻo ia na ia hale paʻi? ʻO ia paha ka luna hoʻopuka a luna hoʻoponopono paha? I kuʻu manaʻo, ʻaʻole paha. He mea ia e hōʻike aku ai i ka lehulehu ākea,
ʻaʻole kona inoa ʻo ka mea nui o kāna mau kākau ʻana, a ʻaʻole ʻo ia makemake e lilo ʻo ia ka mea nui i kāna mea i kākau ai. He ʻelele waha inoa ʻole nō ʻo ia, nāna hoʻi i halihali i ka ʻike a waiho haʻahaʻa i mua o ke anaina.
51 Aia nō i ka Mokuna I kekahi kālailaina no kēia nane āna i haku ai. Ma kēia mokuna nei, e nānā ʻia ana ka haʻina. Kaualilinoe, “He Nane,” 4. 52 He kupa no ka ʻāina Waialua ʻo Paige Okamura. A i koʻu kamaʻilio pū ʻana me ia, kuhi aʻela ʻo ia he ʻano ʻōlelo noʻeau ia e hōʻike ai he ʻāina hoʻokahi nō ia mai Kaʻena a i Waialua. No laila, pēlā hoʻi ka like a hoʻokahi paha o kekahi manaʻo. Ma kēia laʻana i ʻike ʻia ma ka nūpepa, ua like a like nā haʻina a pau loa i hoʻouna ʻia i ka nūpepa. Paige Kalāokananikiʻekiʻe Okamura, Kalanakahi wale no mai Kaena a Waialua, He Kūkaʻi ʻŌlelo, Iulai 19, 2019.
194 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA?
Pakuhi IV.II: HE NANE NO KA INOA NO KAUALILINOE # Māhele o ka Nane hua 1 me 2, e pau ana au i ka ai ia e na lahuikanaka a pau; 1
hua 1, 2, 3 me 4, he inoa au no kekahi kanaka kaulana, a aia au i ka maile o Koiahi; 2
hua 5, 6, me 7, he mea au i makemake nui ia, a he kauwa hoi na na lahui a pau; 3
hua 7 me 8, he inoa au no kekahi kanaka koikoi o Hawaii nei; 4
hua 3, 8, 9 me 10, he holoholona au i makemake nui ia mai o loa mai; 5
hua 9, 10, me 11, aia au i na nalu kai o ke Ka’ulua, a he olelo nui ia au e Hawaii, 6
hua 12, 13, 14 me 15, ke ake mai nei na lahuikanaka a pau e loaa aku au ia lakou; 7
hua 1, 2, 5, 15, 14 me 4, e ike ia no au he kahunapule, a aia au ma ka Ua Kanilehua; 8
hua 3, 10, 9, 4, me 7, e hoomaopopoia no koʻu ano he hapa au no ka aina pua, a o ko’u 9 wahi aloha loa o ka nahele laau o Panaewa.
Nā Hua & Ka Haʻina
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
K O H A W A I I P A E A I N A
Malia paha, ʻo Ko Hawaii Pae Aina paha ka haʻina i mea e hōʻike mai ai i kona ʻano a lāhui paha. I kona manaʻo paha, he ʻelele waha ʻole wale ʻo ia, ʻaʻole he mea nui kona inoa, ʻo ka mea nui kona pilina i ka ʻāina a me ke kanaka ma o ka mālama ʻana, ka hoʻowili ʻana, a me ka palapala ʻana i ka nūhou o ka ʻāina. ʻO ia wale nō paha kona liʻa. No ka Hawaiʻi, na ka Hawaiʻi kāna hana. Eia kekahi, i aloha a mahalo hoʻi i ia nūpepa. Inā pēlā, pili nō kēlā ʻano hana i kekahi kumu e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka inoa makapeni, i kālele wale ʻia kona ʻike.
Ma o ka nānā hou ʻana i nā mea a J. W. K. Kaualilinoe i kākau aku ai, i ʻohiʻohi ʻia maila nā hunahuna ʻike no kona ola a ʻano hoʻi. He kāne nō ʻo ia e noho ana ma Luheikawai, Mānoa.
195 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU
Akā naʻe, ua noho nō paha ʻo ia ma Kaholoakeāhole ma mua. Ua nui loa kona ʻeleu a akamai hoʻi ma nā moʻolelo o Mānoa, a he loea nō ʻo ia i ke kālailai manaʻo a me ke kālailai moʻolelo. Ua aloha nui ʻo ia i kona ʻāina no ke kākau nui ʻana a me ka mālama nui ʻana i nā moʻolelo no Ko
Hawaiʻi Pae ʻĀina. He ʻike nui kona ma nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, a puni ʻo ia i ke kākau moʻolelo ʻana i mea e kaʻana like hou ai a ola ia mau moʻolelo. He ikaika loa nō hoʻi kona manaʻo kūʻē no ka inu ʻawa. Pili paha ʻo ia i ka hale pule o Mānoa a pili hoʻi ʻo ia me ka nupepa ʻo Ko Hawaii Pae
Aina. He kanaka hoihoi loa nō ʻo ia. Ua ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia nō kona ola kanaka ma o nā mea āna i kākau ai. I kēia māhele liʻiliʻi e hiki koke mai ana, e hoʻopilipili ʻia ana nō kēia ʻike me ka ʻike loina kapa inoa makapeni i mea e kuhikuhi aku ai i ka inoa maoli o ua J. W. K. Kaualilinoe nei.
O HAINA MAI E NA OPU NOONOO A NOIAU HOI O KA AINA: ʻO IA ALA PAHA ʻO KAUALILINOE
No kona inoa maoli nō kēia māhele. Noʻu wale iho nō nā manaʻo, a he mau kuhi wale nō ia. Inā ua noho pū nō wau i mua o ke alo aliʻi o Kākuhihewa, noʻu wale nō ia kuhi hewa. Ua humukā ʻia nō nā loina makapeni me nā hunahuna ʻike no Kaualilinoe, a kū maila ʻelua inoa, ʻo ia paha ka inoa maoli o Kaualilinoe.53 ʻAʻole nō i hiki ke kuhi pololei, akā he mau moho kūpono paha lāua ʻelua. Ma ʻaneʻi nō e kū ana ʻo J. W. Puamana lāua ʻo J. W. P. Kahalewai. E kuʻu mea heluhelu ē, ua hoʻomanaʻo anei i ua Puamana nei? Me Puamana nō kākou e hoʻomaka ai.
53 Aia nō kekahi mau inoa ʻē aʻe i hiki ke kuhi ʻia ʻo ia paha ʻo Kaualilinoe, akā naʻe, no ka paʻa ʻole o koʻu manaʻo a me nā maheu no kēia mau kānaka, ʻaʻole nō i helu ʻia i luna aʻe nei. Eia naʻe nō kekahi mau inoa. ʻO J. S. Kekukahiko no ka like iki paha o ke kaila kākau. ʻO Kaulainamoku nō paha kekahi, ʻoiai he mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo ia no Mānoa, a ua hoʻohana ʻia nō nā inoa makapeni. ʻAʻole naʻe lawa nā maheu e kuhi kānalua ʻole ai.
196 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA?
J. W. PUAMANA
Ua ʻano like nō nā hua mua o nā inoa, ʻo J. W. K. Kaualilinoe (kekahi manawa ʻo J. W.
Kaualilinoe) me J. W. Puamana, a he kū nō ia i kekahi loina kapa inoa makapeni. A ʻo lāua wale nō ka i noho ma ka ʻāina ʻo Luheikawai, Mānoa. Ma waho o ia manaʻo, pau kūikawā kā
Kaualilinoe moʻolelo ʻana mai ma nā nūpepa i ka lā 21 o Ianuali i ka M.H. 1871 i ka pau ʻana o ka moʻolelo no Kamaakamahiʻai. ʻO kāna ʻōlelo hope, “Ia oukou e o’u poe hoa luhi o nei mea he heluhelu kaao ana, mai ike oukou e paupauaho, aole, e ahonui no, i ike kakou i ke keiki i oi aku o
Kahaipule a me ka manao kupaa luli ole i na hoowalewale o keia ao, a i noho pu hoi kakou i ka ua maakua o Hauula, a inu pu hoi i ka awa kolikoliko o Kaimoano, i Kaipapau.” A lana akula kona manaʻo me ka hoʻohiki ʻana aku, “E puka ana i keia pule ae ke loaa kahi kaawale. Aloha oukou a pau, aloha no ka Luna hoopuka, kaoha [pn] hoi ka Luna Hooponopono.”54 ʻAʻole naʻe i paʻi ʻia kāna moʻolelo e nūnē mai ana.
Hala ʻekolu mahina, a ma ka lā 27 o ʻApelila, paʻi ʻia akula e J. W. Puamana kekahi
ʻatikala ma Ke Au Okoa, e ʻōlelo “kuakuanea” mai ana i Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ka hoa paio o Ke Au
Okoa. ʻŌlelo akula ʻo ia, “…mamua aku nei, lau kanaka ia pepa i na kaao a me na kukahekahe ana no ke kapa o Europa; a i keia mau la e naue nei, panoanoa loa ia pepa.” A hoʻomau akula ʻo ia, penei, “e haalele ana makou i keia pepa, auhea hoi ke kohu hoihoi iki iho, i ehona [pn] iho nei no ka i kahi kaao, a pau ae nei no ka hoopukaia aua [pn] o ke kaao, pau la no ka hoihoi.”55
Hoʻomau akula ʻo Puamana ma ke kuhikuhi pono ʻana i nā moʻolelo a Kaualilinoe i kākau ai, “A i ka wa no hoi e puka ana o Kalelealuaka, ma ke Kuokoa, lo’ulo’u no hoi ka aka, he hapa mai
54 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui, Helu 21” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Ianuali 21, 1871, 1. No kēlā huaʻōlelo ʻo kaoha, ʻo ia like nō paha me ka huaʻōlelo ʻo “kauoha.” 55 Puamana, “Kuakuanea,” 1.
197 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU nae ia, o ka oi aku o Kamaaakamahiai [pn], hehe lua ka aka a kela mea keia mea e nana a e heluhelu ana i ke Kuokoa….”56
ʻAʻole nā mea i kākau ʻia ʻo ka mea nui, ʻo ka mea kākau a me kona ʻāina nō hoʻi ka mea nui. No kēia mau mea hoihoi loa a Puamana i kākau maila, ke kuhi aku nei nō wau, ʻo ua
Puamana nei, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Kaualilinoe. No kona huhū i ka haʻalele ʻana o Ka Nupepa Kuokoa iā ia a me kāna moʻolelo hou i hoʻolana ai i mua o ke anaina, ua kākau ʻia ia manaʻo e paipai aku ana i ka lawe ʻole ʻana aku i ke Kuokoa, a lawe wale aku nō i Ke Au Okoa. He hōʻoia nō paha kuʻu wahi kuhi, no ka mea, kuhi pono akula ʻo Puamana i ka nele o Ka Nupepa Kuokoa i nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi
ʻole ma hope o kā Kaualilinoe moʻolelo. ʻO kekahi mea nui kona ʻāina. No Luheikawai, Mānoa nō ʻo ia. A ʻo Kaualilinoe lāua ʻo Puamana nā mea i kākau i ia inoa ʻāina i loko o ka nūpepa. No laila, ʻo Puamana nō paha ʻo Kaualilinoe.
I koʻu noiʻi ʻana mai, ʻaʻole nō i ʻike ʻia ʻo J. W. Puamana e kākau ana ma nā nūpepa ma mua o kona kuākuānea. Aia nō kekahi kanaka i kapa ʻia ʻo Puamana e noho ana ma Kahoʻiwai,
Mānoa. ʻAʻole naʻe lawa ka ʻike no ia Puamana e hōʻoia ai, like nō ia Puamana me Puamana nāna i kākau i kēlā ʻatikala kuākuānea.57
Ua kuhi paha kā ke anaina, ʻo Puamana ʻo Kaualilinoe. ʻElua lā ma hope o ke paʻi ʻia ʻana o kona manaʻo kuākuānea, ua pane koke akula kekahi nona ka inoa ʻo “TAMBO” penei,
IA J. W. PUAMANA. —Ua ike iho nei ka poe heluhelu o ke Kuokoa i kau mau olelo hoinoino i ke “Kilohana Pookela o ka Lahui Hawaii.” Me ka olelo hoomalimali he nui au. Ke hilahila nei au ia oe e J. W. Puamana i ko kohu like ana me he poe kepa kanaka (kiure) la no Honolulu ka hoomalimali, me ko manao paha e loaa ia oe ka hookomo o ko wahi manao ma ua pepa “Au Okoa” moolelo kuawili a nu hou kekee. Ke hai aku nei au i ka oiaio ia oe, Aohe pepa kaulana i paiia ma Hawaii nei e like me ua “Kuokoa” nei a makou e hiipai [pn] nei, ke lawe palua nei makou i ua mau pepa nei a elua. A o ka oi aku
56 Puamana, “Kuakuanea,” 1. 57 Curtis P. Iaukea, “Olelo Hoolaha,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Pepeluali 14, 1880, 2; “Na Mai Hebera I Lohe Ia Mai,” Ko Hawaii Pae Aina, ʻApelila 2, 1881, 3.
198 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA?
ma ke kaupaona ana, o ke “Kuokoa” mai na moolelo o ke Kaua o Perusia a me na nu hou e ae. O ka manao maoli no i ahona no ke Au Okoa i na moolelo ana e lauwili nei.58
No ia “moolelo kuawili,” manaʻo paha ʻo Tambo, ʻo ia paha nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi a Kaualilinoe i kākau ai a me ka moʻolelo āna e hoʻohiki aku ai i ke anaina. No ia “nu hou kekee,” ua nui loa nō kā Kāualilinoe hoʻolaha ʻana i nā nūhou o ka ʻāina ma Mānoa, a he kekeʻe nō paha kāna mau nūhou e pili ana i nā mea ʻano ʻē o ka ʻāina a me nā kānaka pupule āna i ʻike maka aku ai.
Kū hou mai kekahi mea heluhelu o Ke Kuokoa, a hoʻohalahala akula ʻo ia iā Puamana. ʻO
F. Robert Kahao kona inoa, no Kāneʻohe ʻo ia. No kā Puamana kuākuānea ʻana aku, pane hou akula ʻo ia, “i hoea kunahihi [ʻo Puamana] mai nei me [pn] ka la 27 o Aperila me he kanaka inu awa la.”59 He kuhi paha kā Kahao i kā Kaualilinoe ʻatikala “No ka ino o ka awa.” I kēlā ʻatikala a
Kaualilinoe, hoʻohalahala ʻo ia i ka inu ʻawa a me nā mea e pilikia ai ka noho ʻohana, ke ola kanaka, a me ka hiʻohiʻona kino ma muli o ka ino ʻawa ʻana. (E nānā i ka Mokuna I no ka ʻike hou aku.) No laila, e hoʻohenehene mai ana nō paha ʻo Kahao iā Kaualilinoe me kona manaʻo kuākuānea ma o ke kuhi ʻana i nā mea āna i kākau ai.
Ma ka hopena a ko Kahao manao, waiho ʻia kekahi manaʻo i ka luna hoʻoponopono ʻo
Wini (Henry M. Whitney) penei, “E ka lehulehu, o ka mea nana i pane mai i ke Kuokoa no keia, na kekahi mea kakau Kaao no ia o keia Pepa, a no ka hooleia ana o kekahi Kaao ana i lawe mai ai e ho-o, nolaila, ua hoohalahala oia a hoolaha ae la, me ka manao paha e komo ma Ke Au
Okoa.”60 Ma kēia ʻōlelo, ke kuhi ʻia mai nei ʻo Kaualilinoe no ka mea, ʻaʻole nō i paʻi ʻia kāna moʻolelo e like nō me kāna i hoʻolana mai ai. Eia kekahi, he “mea kakau Kaao no ia o keia Pepa
58 Tambo, “Nu Hou Kuloko,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ʻApelila 29, 1871, 2. 59 F. Robert Kahao a me Henry M. Whitney, “Pane ia J. W. Puamana,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Mei 13, 1871, 2. 60 Kahao a me Whitney, 2.
199 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU
[Ke Kuokoa]” ia kanaka ʻōlelo kuākuānea, a ʻo ia nō kā Kaualilinoe hana o Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ʻo ke kākau moʻolelo a kaʻao hoʻi nō kāna.
ʻElua paha kumu i mō ai ka pilina o Kaualilinoe lāua ʻo Ka Nupepa Kuokoa—ʻo ka luna hoʻoponopono paha a ʻo ke Kaua o Perusia. Haʻalele akula ʻo Orramel H. Kulika (O. H. Gulick) lāua ʻo Luther Halsey Gulick (L. H. Gulick) i ka ʻoihana luna hoʻoponopono no Ka Nupepa Kuokoa i ka M.H. 1870, a ua hoʻi hou ʻo Wini ʻo ia ka luna hoʻopuka a me ka luna hoʻoponopono. Mau nō ka hana a Joseph Kawainui ma ke ʻano he hope luna hoʻoponopono.61 Aia nō i ia M.H. 1870 ke paʻi nui ʻia ʻana o kā Kaualilinoe moʻolelo. Pau ka pukana hope loa o Kamaakamahiʻai i ka lā
21 o Ianuali i ka M.H. 1871. I ka M.H. 1871, paʻi ʻia akula ka ʻōlelo ʻana a Wini i nā pukana mua loa ma Ianuali penei, “He mea hoike keia, no kuu manao e hoomau aku i ka hoopuka ana i ka
‘Nupepa Kuokoa,’ no ka makahiki 1871. E hoonaniia ana ka pepa me na wehewehe manao maikai ana, a e hoonui ia ae hoi kona maikai ma kekahi mau ano e ae.”62 Ke kuhi mai nei paha wau, ua makemake ʻo Wini e kāpae i nā moʻolelo—ʻo ia hoʻi ka moʻolelo Hawaiʻi a me ka moʻolelo haole. Ua hōʻole paha ʻo Wini i nā moʻolelo a pau, a ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia aku i loko o kāna nūpepa ka nūhou. No laila, ʻo kā Kaualilinoe nō paha kekahi moʻolelo i hōʻole ʻia. A ʻo ia paha ke kumu i huhū ai ʻo Kaualilinoe, a kākau akula ʻo ia (ʻo Puamana) i kekahi manaʻo kūʻē i Ka Nupepa
Kuokoa.
ʻAʻole paʻi hou ʻia kekahi moʻolelo ma ke Kuokoa a hiki i ke paʻi ʻia ʻana o He Moolelo
Kaao no Robiana Lo i ka lā 11 o Nowemapa, M.H. 1871. He moʻolelo haole nō ia i haku ʻia e
61 ʻAʻole lōʻihi loa ko O. H. Kulika noho ʻana ma ke ʻano he luna hoʻoponopono no Ka Nupepa Kuokoa. Ua hihia ʻo ia i kāna mau kuleana ʻē aʻe, a ua maʻi ʻo ia. No kēlā mau kumu, haʻalele akula ʻo ia i kēlā kūlana hana. O. H. Kulika (Gulick) and L. H. Kulika (Gulick), “No Ke Kuokoa,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Ianuali 29, 1870, 2. 62 H. M. Wini, “Olelo Hoolaha,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Ianuali 7, 1871.
200 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA?
John Samuel Kekukahiko (J. S. Kekukahiko) lāua ʻo B. R. Kalama (ʻo Bila Napupu paha kekahi inoa ona).63 Ua hoʻonohonoho nui ʻia ka moʻolelo i ke alo o ka nūpepa.
I ka ʻōlelo mua o ka moʻolelo no Robiana Lo, ʻōlelo ʻia penei,
Ke hoouna aku nei au i ka Moolelo o Robiana Lo, ka Helu 1 o na moolelo maikai i komo mai iloko o keia Aupuni, i mea na kakou e kaana ai no kakou iho ; i hoa hoonanea no na po loloa ; i puu oioina hoi e hoomaha iho ai, no ko kakou heluhelu ana i na Nu Hou Kuwaho, Kuloko, a me na olelo hoopomaikai e pili ana i ko kino a me ka Uhane.64
Ua ʻano luhi paha nā mea heluhelu i nā “ano e ae” a Wini i paʻi aku ai, ʻo ia hoʻi “Nu Hou
Kuwaho, Kuloko, a me na olelo hoopomaikai e pili ana i ko kino a me ka Uhane,” no ka mea, ʻo nā Kānaka ē, hoihoi nui nō hoʻi kākou i ka moʻolelo, a i kēlā manawa nō paha, ʻo ka moʻolelo kekahi mea nui e hōʻeuʻeu nui ai e heluhelu i ka nūpepa.
Eia kekahi, ma ka hoʻolaha ʻana aku i ke paʻi ʻia ʻana o ia moʻolelo, ʻōlelo ʻia penei,
Ua waihoia mai iloko o ko makou lima, he Kaao no Robiana Lo, ke keu o ka ikaika o ke aupuni o Beritania, i unuhiia mailoko mai o ka Buke Arabia…Nolaila, ke noiia aku nei ka poe puni kaao a pau, e hoomakaukau e lakou no ka wa e puka aku ai, a i ka hoomaka ana o ka makahiki hou, e hoike e mai oukou mamua ae i ko oukou makemake e lawe i “Ke Kilohana Pookela o ka Lahui Hawaii.”65
Ma ia ʻōlelo i luna aʻe nei, ua hiki nō ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻiʻini nui o Wini e aʻo aku i kona poʻe heluhelu, i ka Lāhui Hawaiʻi hoʻi, me ka ʻike no waho mai no “ke keu o ka ikaika o ke aupuni o Beritania,” i mea e hoʻohaole ai iā lākou.66 No laila paha, ua hoʻohana ʻo Wini i ia ʻiʻini moʻolelo o nā Kānaka
63 Me he mea lā, he moʻolelo no waho aku ia mai ka moʻolelo mai ʻo Arabia, ʻaʻole naʻe pēlā. Ua haku wale ʻia nō. Marie Alohalani Brown, “The Politics and Poetics of Märchen in Hawaiian-Language Newspapers,” ma The Fairy Tale World, ʻo Andrew Teverson ka luna hoʻoponopono (London: Routledge, 2019), 214-215. 64 J. S. Kekukahiko lāua ʻo B. R. Kalama, “He Moolelo Kaao no Robiana Lo,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Nowemapa 11, 1871. 65 “Nu Hou Kuloko. Oahu: Ke Kaao no Robiana Lo,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ʻOkakopa 21, 1871. 66 “Whitney’s idea was that the Kanaka Maoli should learn to live more like the haole in order for colonial capitalism to develop. Nupepa Kuokoa (Independent newspaper) would provide crucial assistance for this colonizing project.” Noenoe K. Silva, Aloha Betrayed: Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism (Durham: Duke University Press, 2004), 80-81.
201 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU e aʻo iā lākou no ka moʻolelo haole. Ua mau nō kona makemake ʻole i nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, akā, ua ʻike ʻo ia ʻo ka moʻolelo kekahi mea e pono ai kāna nūpepa.
He 124 mau helu o kēia moʻolelo no Robiana Lo, a ua pau kona paʻi ʻia ʻana i ka lā 8 o
ʻAukake i ka M.H. 1874—ua ʻane piha ʻekolu makahiki. A ua paʻi ʻia kekahi mau māhele hou aku o kēlā moʻolelo e nā mea haku moʻolelo i kuhi ʻia i luna aʻe nei. ʻO ia ʻo “He Moolelo kaao no
Waniavila a ʻo He Moolelo Kaao no Raianahu.”67 Ma hope mai, ʻo nā moʻolelo kūwaho wale nō nā mea i paʻi ʻia a hiki i ka M.H. 1875, ka lā 13 o Nowemapa. ʻO He Moolelo Kaao no
Kahikinaakala ke poʻo manaʻo o ia moʻolelo Hawaiʻi. Paʻi ʻia akula no ʻelima mau helu, a ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻia ka moʻolelo. ʻO ka pukana hope, aia nō i ka lā 11 o Kēkēmapa, M.H. 1875. I ka pukana hou aʻe o ka nūpepa, ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka moʻolelo hou ʻo “He Iwakalua Tausani Legue
Malalo o ke Kai,” ʻo George W. Kanuha (Oniula) ka mea unuhi.68 Ma hope o ia mau moʻolelo, paʻi ʻia akula kekahi mau moʻolelo Hawaiʻi ʻē aʻe, akā ʻo nā moʻolelo haole a me ka nūhou nā mea i ʻike nui ʻia.
ʻO ka nūhou kūwaho nō paha kekahi “ano e ae” a Wini i paʻi aku ai i kāna nūpepa no ke aʻo ʻana i nā Kānaka, a ʻo ke Kaua o Perusia nō paha ka ʻoi o nā nūhou i kēlā manawa. ʻO ke
Kaua o Perusia, ua hoʻomaka ʻia ke kaua me ke Aupuni Palani lāua ʻo ke Aupuni Kelemānia i ka
67 J. S. Kekukahiko and B. R. Kalama, “He Moolelo Kaao no Waniavila,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ʻAukake 22, 1874, 1; J. S. Kekukahiko and B. R. Kalama, “He Moolelo Kaao no Raianahu,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Kēkēmapa 26, 1874, 1. 68 George W. Kanuha, “He Iwakalua Tausani Legue Malalo o ke Kai,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Kēkēmapa 18, 1875, 1; ʻAʻole pau i ke paʻi ʻia ka moʻolelo ʻo He Iwakalua Tausani Legue Malalo o ke Kai, no laila, ʻaʻole paha i kuhikuhi ʻia ka mea unuhi i ka moʻolelo. Akā, i ka hala ʻana o G. W. Kanuha, he mea kākau ʻo ia no Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, kākau ʻia “…kona waha he waha o ke kanaka Pelekane ma ka olelo Beretania, a e hiki ia ke unuhi laelae mai ka olelo Enelani a i ka olelo Hawaii. nana no i unuhi iho nei i ka moolelo o ka Nautilo, ke kupueu o ka moana…” a ʻo ia hoʻi kekahi meʻe i loko o ia moʻolelo. “He Eehia, he Welina Aloha no G W [pn] Kanuha,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Iune 24, 1876, 2.
202 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA?
M.H. 1870, ka lā 15 o Iulai, a pau ma ia M.H. aʻe ma 1871 i ka lā 17 o Pepeluali.69 Ua hoʻouka kaua ma hope iki o ka maka mua o ke paʻi ʻia ʻana o ka moʻolelo no Kamaakamahiʻai. Paʻi like ʻia nō ia moʻolelo Hawaiʻi me ka nūhou kaua ma ka ʻaoʻao mua o Ka Nupepa Kuokoa. Ua nui a hoihoi paha ka nūhou no ka weliweli o ke kaua ma ka wā like e hiki koke ana nā pukana hope no
Kamaakamahiʻai, ʻo ia paha nā moʻolelo o ke Kaua o Perusia a Tambo e kuhi ana. I kona manaʻo, ʻokoʻa nō ke ʻano o nā moʻolelo e paʻi ʻia ana no waho mai, a ua ʻoi aku paha ka hoi ma mua o nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi. No laila, ʻōlelo akula ʻo ia, ma Ke Au Okoa nō e “lauwili” ai ia ʻano moʻolelo Hawaiʻi. Ua ʻano kokoke ka pukana hope o Kamaakamahiʻai a me ka hopena o ia kaua nui, a ua lilo nā nūhou o ke kaua ʻo ia ka mea i paʻapū i ke alo o ka nūpepa.
Ua akāka nō paha kā Wini hoʻēmi ʻana i ka waiwai o ka moʻolelo Hawaiʻi i loko o kāna nūpepa ma o ke paʻi ʻole ʻana i nā moʻolelo, a ke paʻi ʻia nā moʻolelo, ʻo nā moʻolelo haole nā mea i kālele nui ʻia. A no ka nui paha o ka hoʻolono ʻana i ka nūhou o ke kaua, hoʻēmi pū ʻia maila a pau nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi i Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, a ma ia hope mai, kālele wale ʻia nō ma nā nūhou a kāpae ʻia nō nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, a pau like nō hoʻi ka hoʻolana manaʻo a Kaualilinoe e puka hou aku ka moʻolelo hou. ʻO ia mau kumu ʻelua nō paha ia i kākau aku ai ʻo Puamana i kona manaʻo i ka nūpepa.
ʻO ka mea naʻe i akāka ʻole, inā ʻo Puamana nō paha kona inoa maoli, pili ia Puamana i ka ua Lilinoe? Koe aku ia. He papahana ʻokoʻa a ʻano nui paha ia i ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻana i nā
Puamana a pau loa.
Ua akāka loa nō paha ʻo Puamana nō ʻo Kaualilinoe. No ko Puamana hoihoi i nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, no kona hoʻohalahala ʻana aku i nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi ʻole o Ke Kuokoa, no ko
69 Edmund Ollier, Cassell’s History of the War Between France and Germany, 1870-1871 (Cassell, Petter & Galpin, 1873), 226.
203 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU
Wini kuhikuhi ʻana aku ʻo Puamana nō kekahi mea kākau “Kaao” no ka nūpepa me ka hōʻole ʻia o kekahi o kāna kaʻao e makemake ana, a no ke kohu like paha o ko lāua inoa a me kahi i noho ai, ʻo J. W. Puamana nō ʻo J. W. K. Kaualilinoe. Akā, ʻo ia anei paha kona inoa maoli? ʻO ia paha, ʻaʻole paha. Eia kekahi, ua mau nō ka pohihihi o kona inoa a hiki i ke paʻi ʻana mai i kāna nane no kona inoa, he ʻewalu makahiki nō ia ma hope o kā Puamana kākau ʻana. No laila, ʻaʻole nō paha ʻo Puamana ʻo kona inoa maoli. He inoa kapakapa paha ia i mea e peʻe ai ʻo ia, iā ia nō e hoʻohalahala aku ana i ke Kuokoa. He inoa nō ʻo Puamana e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai ʻo Kaualilinoe me ka Ka Nupepa Kuokoa. No laila, ʻo wai ʻo Kaualilinoe a ʻo wai hoʻi ʻo Puamana? Ma ʻaneʻi nō e kū ai ʻo J. W. P. Kahalewai.
J. W. P. KAHALEWAI
ʻO ua Kahalewai nei, no Waiʻanae mai ʻo ia, a neʻe hou akula ʻo ia i Mānoa.70 Wahi a
Kaualilinoe, “o Manoa, oia ka helu elua o ke awawa a ka olu i noho ai…”71 ʻO ko Waiʻanae paha ka mua? I ka mana o Kalelealuaka a Kaualilinoe, aia nō kekahi mau hanana i mālama ʻia ma Waiʻanae. I laila nō paha ʻo ia i aʻo ʻia mai ai ia moʻolelo? Ua pili ʻo Kahalewai i ka hale pule ma ke ʻano he mea haʻiʻōlelo,72 a he kākauʻōlelo pū kekahi.73 He pili paha ia hana me nā ʻatikala haipule a Kaualilinoe i kākau ai? He kumu paha kona pilina hale pule no kona kapa inoa makapeni ʻana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole kū nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi i nā haʻawina aʻo a ka ʻekalesia.
70 Kiu, “Halawaia na Pauaka Liberala Hawaii He Moolelo Pakalikali e.,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Kēkēmapa 5, 1891, 1. 71 Kaualilinoe, “No Manoa,” 1. 72 S. P. K. Nawaa, “No Ka Luakini Hou o Ewa,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Nowemapa 8, 1884, 4. 73 J. W. Kahalewai, “Hoike a ke Komite.,” Ka Lahui Hawaii, Mei 27, 1875, 2.
204 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA?
Iā ia nō e noho ana ma Mānoa, he kumu ʻo ia no ke kula i laila.74 No kona ʻano he kumu aʻo, ʻo ia paha kekahi kumu i paʻi ai ʻo ia i nā ʻano ʻatikala aʻo anaina ma nā nūpepa i mea e aʻo aku ai i kona poʻe mea heluhelu nūpepa.
Ua nui hou aku nō ka hana a me ka ʻike i loaʻa iaʻu ma o ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻana iā J. W. P.
Kahalewai, akā lawa paha ma ke kālele wale ʻana i kona moʻolelo kanaka. No kekahi pepa hou aku ko Kahalewai moʻolelo piha. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole paʻa a ikaika loa nō hoʻi ka maheu e kuhi aku ʻo J. W. K. Kaualilinoe ʻo J. W. P. Kahalewai. Ua hiki nō ke ʻike lihi ʻia kekahi mea e pili ai lāua e like me ke ola kanaka, akā i koʻu manaʻo, ʻaʻole lawa kēlā no ka hōʻoia kānalua ʻole, ua like lāua ʻelua. No ka pili loa o nā hua mua ʻo J. W. K., he maheu nui paha ia, no ka mea, he loina makapeni nō ia i ʻike nui ʻia ma nā nūpepa. A i kuʻu huli ʻana i nā kānaka i noho ma Mānoa i kēlā manawa a Kaualilinoe e noho ana, ʻo J. W. P. Kahalewai wale nō kahi inoa i kohu like me
Kaualilinoe. ʻO ka nīnau nui e hāpai mai ana, ʻo ia “P” ma ko Kahalewai inoa. ʻO Puamana nō paha ia? ʻO ia paha, ʻaʻole paha. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe oʻu ʻike i loaʻa iaʻu no ka pili a pili ʻole paha o ua Kahalewai i ka ua Lilinoe. ʻO ka huli nō naʻe ka mea e koe nei.
OWAI LA KUU INOA: HE ʻŌLELO PANINA
Ma kēia mokuna nei, ua ʻike leʻa nō kākou, he kāne nō ʻo Kaualilinoe, a ʻo Mānoa nō kona ʻāina aloha. He loea nō ʻo ia i ka hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo a hoʻomau moʻolelo hoʻi, akamai nō hoʻi i ke kālailai moʻolelo. Ua pili ʻo ia i ka hale pule. No kona pilina hemo ʻole i ka ʻāina ma o kona inoa ua, hiki nō hoʻi ke kuhi ʻia, he Hawaiʻi nō ʻo ia.
74 F. M. Husted, 1888: Husted’s Directory of Honolulu and the Hawaiian Territory (Honolulu: George Bowser & Co., 1888). Ma kēia puke, e huli iā “Kahalewai”. “Na Hoike Hapaha o ua Kula Sabati o Honolulu.,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ʻOkakopa 3, 1885, 1.
205 NO J. W . K . KAUALILINOE, KA MEA KĀKAU
Ua hiki paha ke kuhi pololei ʻia, ʻo J. W. K. Kaualilinoe ʻo J. W. Puamana. Akā, ʻaʻole i hiki ke kuhi pololei me ke kānalua ʻole, ʻo J. W. Puamana nō ʻo J. W. P. Kahalewai. ʻO ia paha kona inoa maoli, ʻaʻole paha. ʻAʻole maopopo leʻa. Akā naʻe, ma o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana aku i kekahi o nā loina Hawaiʻi no ke kapa inoa makapeni me ka pili pū ʻana i nā mea liʻiliʻi no kona ola i kākau ai, ua kū mai nō ia mau ʻelele kūpono. Aia nō paha kekahi mau ʻike hou aku, a ʻo ka noiʻi hou aku nō ka mea e koe nei. Aia a mākaukau loa ʻo Kaualilinoe, e puka nui aʻe ana paha ma ke ākea.
ʻO ka mea nui e hoʻonohonoho ai i kekahi moʻolelo kanaka no Kaualilinoe, ka mea kākau, ʻaʻole ʻo ke kuhi ʻana i kona inoa maoli a me kona moʻolelo kanaka ma waho o ka ʻoihana kākau nūpepa.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kēia manaʻo oʻu i hōʻike ai i luna aʻe nei, ʻo ia nō kaʻu ʻaʻa i kona makemake, e like me kāna i ʻaʻa ai i kona poʻe mea heluhelu i kāna nane. Ua huaʻi iki paha a he hoʻāʻo, akā e mau ana nō ka ʻimi huaʻi ʻana. ʻO ka mea naʻe i huaʻi, ʻo ia kuʻu mahalo piha palena ʻole no kekahi mea kākau pāhaʻohaʻo, nāna hoʻi i hana nui ma ka waiho ʻana i ka ʻike waiwai na kākou.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, i ka loaʻa ʻole ʻana o kona inoa maoli iaʻu, he mea ia e ʻano kaumaha ai kuʻu naʻau, no ka mea, ua makemake loa wau e ʻike i kēia Kanaka waiwai loa. Akā naʻe, ua hoʻomanaʻo aʻela wau i ka mea nui o kēia pepa. ʻAʻole nō ia ʻo kona inoa maoli—ʻo kāna hana nō ia. A ʻo kekahi hua i hua mai ai, ʻo ia hoʻi kaʻu hana i hana ai no ka ʻimi ʻana i kona ʻike. He nui nā mea i loaʻa iaʻu ma o kēia ʻimi noiʻi ʻana, a ʻo kekahi mea nui, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kaʻina hana ʻimi mea kākau me nā inoa makapeni. Lana koʻu manaʻo, e lilo ana kaʻu hana i alakaʻi no ka ʻimi noiʻi ʻana i nā mea kākau nona nā inoa makapeni. Lana nō hoʻi kuʻu manaʻo, e lilo ana nō kaʻu ʻimi noiʻi
ʻana, ka humukā ʻana, a me ke ola a ʻano pāhaʻohaʻo a ua J. W. K. Kaualilinoe nei i kia alakaʻi no nā mea kālaiʻike Hawaiʻi, e kālele pū nō hoʻi ma ka mea kākau, ʻaʻole wale nō ma ka ʻike. He ala
206 MOKUNA IV: NAU E HUA’I PUKA NUI AE MA KE AKEA, O WAI LA KUU INOA? nō ia e mahalo kūpono aku ai i ka hana luhi a ko kākou poʻe kūpuna, a i ola hou ai ka ʻike manomano o ka Hawaiʻi iā kākou.
I OLA NŌ ʻOE E KAUALILINOE, I OLA NŌ KĀKOU
207 HE PANINA
INU PU HOI I KA AWA KOLIKOLIKO O KAIMOANO
I koʻu wā e kākau ana i ka panina nei no kēia wahi moʻolelo nei, kau aʻela nō hoʻi kuʻu noʻonoʻo i kēia huakaʻi pū ʻana me J. W. K. Kaualilinoe mai ka hoʻomaka a hiki loa i kēia mau lā.
Ua lele aku nei wau i kēia huakaʻi ʻana i ka M.H. 2014, i ke kau hope loa o ke kula laepua, a ke holo loa pū nei māua a hiki loa i kēia M.H. 2021. ʻAʻole naʻe i pau, e mau ana nō, no ka mea, he nui hou aku nā mea e aʻo mai ai, a e aʻo aku ai, a nui hou aku nā nīnau e ʻimi noiʻi ai.
Ua nui ʻino nā haʻawina waiwai i aʻo ʻia i koʻu noho haumāna ʻana i mua ona; ua hoʻopaʻa
ʻia ka ʻōlelo e kaena nei no kuʻu haʻaheo ma ke ʻano he uʻi o Mānoa; ua ʻaʻa ʻia akula nā nane a ka noʻeau; ua kūpono aʻela ka lā i luna pono o koʻu poʻo i hoʻomaopopo ai ka helu manawa Hawaiʻi; ua lohe ʻia maila nā kuko waiwai pau ʻole i kia alakaʻi no koʻu ʻimi ʻana i nā puʻu kiʻekiʻe; ua mele
ʻia ke kani puʻa i hiʻipaka pono ai i nā keiki kapu; ua komo ʻia ke ana o nā kupua māhū e maliu mai i ko lāua moʻolelo; a ua huaʻi aʻela nā loina inoa makapeni o nā nūpepa ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi. ʻO kekahi haʻawina nui aʻu i aʻo mai ai, ʻo ia kēia; he mea nui a koʻikoʻi ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i nā mea kākau kākaʻikahi i ka launa pū ʻana i mua o ka lehulehu, no ka mea, ua maʻe loa kā lākou hana i ʻike nui ʻole ʻia, a no kākou nō ia hana a lākou.1 ʻO Kaualilinoe nō kekahi o ia mea kākau nāna i kīloa pono aku i ka waihona ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi me kona ʻike.
ʻAʻole nō naʻe i pau loa ka hana a ua Kaualilinoe nei. I ka paukū hope loa o kāna moʻolelo lōʻihi hope loa i kākau mai ai, ʻōlelo ʻia,
Ia oukou e o'u poe hoa luhi o nei mea he heluhelu kaao ana, mai ike oukou i ka pau ana o keia a manao ae oukou e paupauaho, aole, e ahonui no, i ike kakou i ke keiki i oi aku o Kahaipule a me ka manao kupaa luli ole i na hoowalewale o keia ao, a i noho pu hoi
1 No ia hua ʻōlelo ʻo “maʻe,” ua lohe wau i ka ʻohana Niʻihau i ka hoʻopuka aku i ia hua ʻōlelo. ʻO ka manaʻo nui, ua pili nō i ia manaʻo ʻo ka maʻemaʻe–“maʻemaʻe ka hale.” Akā, ma kēia ʻano pōʻaiapili, ua pili nō i ka hana–“Maʻe loa kāu hana.” ʻO ia hoʻi, ua maikaʻi loa kāu hana, ʻaʻohe mea hemahema.
INU PU HOI I KA AWA KOLIKOLIKO O KAIMOANO
kakou i ka ua maakua o Hauula, a inu pu hoi i ka awa kolikoliko o Kaimoano, i Kaipapau.2
He leo kūpinaʻi nō hoʻi kēia e kaʻikaʻi nei i kāna i hoʻopuka aku ai. Ua lōʻihi loa nō hoʻi kēia huakaʻi o kākou mai ka makamua o kēia pepa a hiki loa i kēia mokuna nei, akā naʻe, mai nō a noʻonoʻo iki, ua hiki aku nō kākou i ka hopena. E like me ko Kaualilinoe hoʻohiki ʻana aku i ke anaina no ke paʻi ʻia ʻana o kekahi moʻolelo hou, he nui hou aku nā hana e koe nei. He mea minamina naʻe ka hoʻokō pono ʻia ʻana o kona hoʻohiki ʻoiai ʻaʻole nō paha i paʻi ʻia—a i ʻole ʻaʻole paha i loaʻa mai iaʻu. Aia paha i nā ʻaoʻao nūpepa i laha ʻole ai kēia moʻolelo e ahonui mai nei a i ke kūpono ʻana o ka lā. Malia paha, ua hoʻololi hou ʻia kona inoa a i kahi inoa makapeni hou.
Koe aku ia.
ʻO kahi mea akāka loa nō naʻe, ua hoʻomākaukau akula nō ʻo Kaualilinoe i māna ʻai hou no kākou e inu pū i kāna ʻawa i nau ai a i kānana iho ai. Ke ahonui mai nei nō paha ʻo
Kaualilinoe e inu mai kākou a lualaʻi i kona moʻolelo ʻana mai. Ke lana aʻe nei kuʻu manaʻo, e puka hou aʻe ana i mua oʻu kekahi mau hana ʻē aʻe a Kaualilinoe. Ke lana nui aʻe nei kuʻu manaʻo, e heluhelu ʻia ana nō hoʻi kaʻu wahi pepa nei e kekahi a e hoʻoulu ʻia ana ka hoi e
Kaualilinoe, a laila, e komo ana ka ʻiʻini e hoʻomāhuahua aʻe i ka moʻolelo hoʻohanohano iā ia.
Ua lilo akula nā hola he nui i ka heluhelu nui ʻana, ka noʻonoʻo pono ʻana, a me ke kālailai
ʻike ʻana i nā hana a Kaualilinoe. Ma ia mau hola, kuhi aʻela wau iā Kaualilinoe i kona wā e kākau ana i ia poʻe ʻatikala i loko o kona hale ma Luheikawai, Mānoa. I laila paha ʻo ia i manaʻo ai iā ia iho e heluhelu nui ʻia ana nō paha kāna mau mea e nā mamo o nā hanauna hou aku i mua ona. Kuhi aʻela wau, ua kākau nō ʻo ia me kākou o kēia au i kona manaʻo. He 140 a ʻoi iki aʻe mau makahiki mai kona ʻatikala hope loa a hiki loa i kēia mau lā, a ke mau nei nō ka pono a
2 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe, “Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui, Helu 21.” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa. Ianuali 21, 1870, 1.
209 HE PANINA me ka waiwai o kāna mau moʻolelo a me kona moʻolelo e hoʻonaʻauao nei iā kākou. No ko kākou pono nō ia. E like nō hoʻi me kona waiho ʻana i makana pau ʻole no ka pono o ka lāhui, pēia hoʻi koʻu waiho ʻana mai nei i kēia wahi pepa ma ke ʻano he mea liʻiliʻi wale nō e hoʻohanohano ai i kēia wahi Kanaka nei no ka pono o ka lāhui. ʻO kāna nō hoʻi ka ua Lilinoe e heleleʻi mau nei no ke ola o ka honua. Ke manaʻolana nei wau, e lilo ana paha kaʻu wahi hana ʻuʻuku he pīpī wai ua no ke ola o ka honua. ʻO ka mea hope loa aʻu e hāpai aʻe nei i mua ou, e kuʻu wahi mea heluhelu, pehea ana e heleleʻi like ai ka hua o kāu hana me kā J. W. K. Kaualilinoe a lilo ihola i ua ola honua?
I NOHO PU HOI KAKOU I KA UA MAAKUA O HAUULA
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– – –. “He Moolelo Hoonanea no Kalelealuaka ame Keinohoomanawanui.” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Malaki 24, 1927. – – –. “He Moolelo Hoonanea no Kalelealuaka ame Keinohoomanawanui.” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Malaki 31, 1927. Mookini, Esther K. The Hawaiian Newspapers. Honolulu: Topgallant Publishing Company, Ltd., 1974. Morris, Nancy J., lāua ʻo Robert Benedetto. Nā Kahu: Portraits of Native Hawaiian Pastors at Home and Abroad, 1820-1900. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2019. Morris, Teoratuuaarii. “Nā Pōhaku Ola Kapaemāhū a Kapuni: Performing For Stones At Tupuna Crossings in Hawaiʻi.” Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa, 2019. Murphy, Kaʻiulani. Walaʻau pū no Hōkūleʻa. He Kūkaʻi ʻŌlelo, Iune 2020. Na Haumana o ka Hui Akimeda. “Ka Hiamoe ana o ka mea Kaulana G. M. Koha.” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Mei 20, 1871. “Na Hoike Hapaha o ua Kula Sabati o Honolulu.” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ʻOkakopa 3, 1885. “Na Mai Hebera I Lohe Ia Mai.” Ko Hawaii Pae Aina, ʻApelila 2, 1881. “Na wahi pana o Ewa.” Ka Loea Kalaiaina, Kepakemapa 9, 1899. Na-Hau-o-Maihi—Au ana i ke Kai. “Ka Moolelo Hooni Puuwai no Keakaoku Ka Moopuna Leo Ole a Kamaakamahiai a o ke Koa Nana i Wehe na Pu Kaula a Makalii.” Ke Aloha Aina, Pepeluali 3, 1912. – – –. “Moolelo Hoonaue Puuwai no Kama.A.Ka.Mahiai [pn], Ka Hi’apa’iole o ka Ikaika o ke Kai Huki Hee Nehu o Kahului.” Ke Aloha Aina, Kēkēmapa 2, 1911. Nakuina, Emma M. “The Springs of Wailele.” ma Where Fact & Fancy Meet, IV:22–26. Honolulu: The Mid-Pacific Student, 1907. Nakuina, Moses K. Moolelo Hawaii o Pakaa a me Ku-a-Pakaa, na kahu iwikuamoo o Keawenuiaumi, ke alii o Hawaii, a o na moopuna hoi a Laamaomao. Honolulu: Kalamaku Press, 1991. Nawaa, S. P. K. “No Ka Luakini Hou o Ewa.” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Nowemapa 8, 1884. “No Na Inoa.” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Iune 13, 1863. Nogelmeier, M. Puakea. Mai Paʻa i Ka Leo: Historical Voice in Hawaiian Primary Materials, Looking Forward and Listening Back. Honolulu, Hawaiʻi: Bishop Museum Press, 2010. “Nu Hou Kuloko. Oahu: Ke Kaao no Robiana Lo.” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ʻOkakopa 21, 1871. Okamura, Paige Kalāokananikiʻekiʻe. Kalanakahi wale no mai Kaena a Waialua. He Kūkaʻi ʻŌlelo, Iulai 19, 2019. Ollier, Edmund. Cassell’s History of the War Between France and Germany, 1870-1871. Cassell, Petter & Galpin, 1873. Osorio, Jamaica Heolimeleikalani. “(Re)Membering ‘Upena of Intimacies: A Kanaka Maoli Mo‘olelo Beyond Queer Theory.” Pepa Laeʻula, Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa, 2018. Osorio, Jonathan Kay Kamakawiwoʻole. Dismembering Lāhui: A History of the Hawaiian Nation to 1887. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 2002.
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Perreira, Hiapokeikikāne Kichie. “He Kiʻina Hoʻokuanaʻike Mauli Hawaiʻi Ma Ke Kālailai Moʻolelo.” ma Hūlili: Multidisciplinary Research on Hawaiian Well-Being, 9: 53–114. Honolulu, HI: Kamehameha Publishing, 2013. Perry, Enoch Woods. “Manoa Valley from Waikiki.” Geo, Oahu, Honolulu, Ka Waihona Palapala Kahiko o Kamehameha, 1865. Poepoe, J. M. “Moolelo Hawaii Kahiko.” Ka Na’i Aupuni, Kepakemapa 13, 1906. – – –. “Moolelo Hawaii Kahiko.” Ka Na’i Aupuni, Kepakemapa 14, 1906. – – –. “Moolelo Hawaii Kahiko.” Ka Na’i Aupuni, Kepakemapa 15, 1906. – – –. “Moolelo Hawaii Kahiko.” Ka Na’i Aupuni, Kepakemapa 17, 1906. – – –. “Moolelo Hawaii Kahiko.” Ka Na’i Aupuni, Kepakemapa 18, 1906. “Poo Inoa Ole.” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Kēkēmapa 2, 1865. Puamana, J. W. “Kuakuanea loa mai nei ka hoi.” Ke Au Okoa, ʻApelila 27, 1871. Pukui, Mary Kawena. ʻŌlelo Noʻeau: Hawaiian Proverbs & Poetical Sayings. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1983. – – –, ka mea unuhi. “Manoa and Its Features, Hawaiian Ethnographic Notes (HEN), Vol. 1.” Ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Kamehameha, Honolulu, ʻike ʻole ʻia ka lā paʻi. Bishop Museum Archives. Pukui, Mary Kawena, lāua ʻo Samuel H. Elbert. Hawaiian Dictionary: Hawaiian-English, English- Hawaiian. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1986. – – –. Hawaiian Grammar. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1979. Pukui, Mary Kawena, lāua ʻo Laura C. S. Green. Folktales of Hawaiʻi: He Mau Kaʻao Hawaiʻi. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1995. Pukui, Mary Kawena, E. W. Haertig, a me Catherine A. Lee. Nānā I Ke Kumu: Look to the Source. Puke I. Hui Hānai, 1972. Pukui, Mary Kawena, E. W. Haertig, M.D., a me Catherine A. Lee. Nānā I Ke Kumu: Look to the Source. Puke II. Honolulu: Hui Hānai, 1972. Pukui, Mary Kawena, a me Alfons L. Korn. The Echo of Our Song: Chants and Poems of the Hawaiians. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1979. Pukui, Mary Kawena, Esther T. Mookini, a me Samuel H. Elbert. Place Names of Hawaii. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1976. Rice, William Hyde. Hawaiian Legends. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1923. Sato, Aimee You, Melissa Renae Price, a me Mehana Blaich Vaughan. “Kāhuli: Uncovering Indigenous Ecological Knowledge to Conserve Endangered Hawaiian Land Snails.” Society & Natural Resources 31, helu. 3 (Malaki 4, 2018): 320–34. Sheldon, J. G. M. Ka Puke Moʻolelo o Hon. Iosepa K. Nāwahī. Hoʻoponopono ʻia e Lōkahi Antonio. Hilo: Hale Kuamoʻo, 1996. Shishido, Beau Makanamakamae. “He Aha Hoʻi Ka Mea ʻO Ka Hele Hoʻokahi ʻAna.” Pepa Laeoʻo, Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa, 2020.
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Silva, Noenoe K. Aloha Betrayed: Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism. Durham: Duke University Press, 2004. – – –. The Power of the Steel-Tipped Pen: Reconstructing Native Hawaiian Intellectual History. Durham: Duke University Press, 2017. – – –. “Talking Back to Law and Empire: Hula in Hawaiian-Language Literature in 1861.” ma Law and Empire in the Pacific: Fiji and Hawai‘i, hoʻoponopono ʻia e Sally Engle Merry lāua ʻo Donald Brenneis, 101–21. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, 2004. Smith, Linda Tuhiwai. Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples. 2 edition. London: Zed Books, 2012. Sterling, Elspeth P., a me Catherine C. Summers. Sites of Oahu. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1978. Tambo. “Nu Hou Kuloko.” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, ʻApelila 29, 1871. “The Hawaiian Astronomy.” The Hawaiian Astronomy. Iune 4, 1909. Thiong’o, Ngũgĩ wa. Decolonising the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature. Oxford, London, England: James Currey, 1986. – – –. Moving the Centre: The Struggle for Cultural Freedoms. London: James Currey LTD, 1993. Thrum, Thos. G., ka mea unuhi “Evils of the Awa # 168, Hawaiian Ethnographic Notes (HEN).” Ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Kamehameha, Honolulu, ʻike ʻole ʻia ka lā paʻi. – – –. Hawaiian Folk Tales: A Collection of Native Legends. A. C. McClurg & Company, 1907. – – –, ka luna hoʻoponopono. “Kalelealuaka.” ma Hawaiian Folk Tales: A Collection of Native Legends, 75–107. Honolulu: Thos. G. Thrum, 1907. – – –, ka luna hoʻoponopono. “The Story of Kalelealuaka: A Hawaiian Story.” ma Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1885, 30–46. Honolulu: Thos. G. Thrum, 1885. Titcomb, Margaret. Native Use of Fish in Hawaii. Illustrated edition. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1972. Tsuha (Nuʻuhiwa), Ann Kaleilokelani. “Kaulana Mahina: He ʻŌnaehana ʻAlemakana Hawaiʻi.” Pepa Laeoʻo, Ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa, 2007. “Ua Haalele Mai o Beniamina Kaiminaauao Poepoe I Keia Ola Ana.” Kuokoa Home Rula, Iulai 16, 1909. Ulanahele, Moses. “Aloha Alii, Aloha Lahui, Helu 1.” Ke Au Okoa, Malaki 31, 1870. Unauna, A. “No Ke Kuauhau.” Ka Nonanona, Nowemapa 8, 1842. Westervelt, W. D. Hawaiian Legends of Honolulu. Boston: G.H. Ellis Press, 1915. Wilcox, Christie. “World’s Loneliest Snail Dies, and a Species Goes Extinct.” National Geographic, Ianuali 8, 2019. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2019/01/george-the- lonely-snail-dies-in-hawaii-extinction/. Williams, Jr., Ron. Hawai’i Palapala Archives, Verses [Pn] History From English Archives, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OOvxSxAXi20. Wini, H. M. “Olelo Hoolaha.” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Ianuali 7, 1871.
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Wong-Kalu, Hinaleimoana, Dean Hamer, a me Joe Wilson. A Place in the Middle, 2014. – – –. Kapaemahu, 2020. Young, Tatiana Kalaniʻōpua. From A Māhū Daughter: Abolition, Trans-Indigeneity, & Unsettling Cistems. From A Māhū Daughter, 2020. https://www.facebook.com/transhawaii/videos/383239182999074/
224 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
PĀKUʻINA A: NĀ MEA A J. W. K. KAUALILINOE I KĀKAU AI Eia nō ma lalo iho nei nā ʻatikala a Kaualilinoe i kākau ai. He kaʻau mau ʻatikala i kākau ʻia.
Lā Nūpepa ʻAoʻao Poʻo Manaʻo Kakaha Pua Rose Nani Ka Wahine 12.18.1865 Ke Au Okoa 4 Noho Pono 06.20.1867 Ke Au Okoa 4 He Hoolikelike He pohaku makamae ka Ka Nupepa 03.26.1870 4 wahine noho pono no kana Kuokoa kane Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka. Ka Ihu Kae– Ka Nupepa 04.09.1870 1 a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Helu I Kuokoa Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka. Ka Ihu Kae– Ka Nupepa 04.16.1870 1 a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Helu II Kuokoa Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka. Ka Ihu Kae– Ka Nupepa 04.23.1870 1 a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Helu III Kuokoa Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka. Ka Ihu Kae– Ka Nupepa 04.30.1870 1 a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Helu IV Kuokoa Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka. Ka Ihu Kae– Ka Nupepa 05.07.1870 4 a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Helu V Kuokoa Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka. Ka Ihu Kae– Ka Nupepa 05.14.1870 1 a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Helu VI Kuokoa Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i Ka Moolelo o Ka Nupepa 05.21.1870 1 Kalelealuaka. Ka Ihu Kae– Helu VII Kuokoa a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka
NĀ PĀKUʻINA
Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka. Ka Ihu Kae– Ka Nupepa 05.28.1870 1 a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Helu VIII Kuokoa Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka. Ka Ihu Kae– Ka Nupepa 06.04.1870 4 a-e-a o Lihue, Kauai, Ka Helu IX Kuokoa Olali Hoi o Kona Mau La U-i Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 06.18.1870 4 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu I Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 06.25.1870 1 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu II Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 07.02.1870 1 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu III Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 07.09.1870 4 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu IV Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ka Nupepa 07.30.1870 4 Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Helu V Kuokoa Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau
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La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 08.06.1870 4 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu VI Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 08.13.1870 4 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu VII Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 08.20.1870 4 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu VIII Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 09.03.1870 4 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu IX Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. O ka holoholo olelo, ke Ka Nupepa 09.03.1870 3 kumu e ku–e ai ka noho Kuokoa launa pu ana Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 09.24.1870 4 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu X Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ka Nupepa 10.01.1870 4 Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Helu XI Kuokoa Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau
227 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 10.08.1870 4 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu XII Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 10.15.1870 4 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu XIII Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 11.05.1870 4 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu XIV Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 11.12.1870 1 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu XV Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 11.26.1870 1 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu XVI Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 12.10.1870 1 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu XVII Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Nupepa Ka Moolelo o 12.24.1870 1 Helu XVIII Kuokoa Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi
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Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 12.31.1870 1 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu XIX Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 01.14.1871 1 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu XX Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. Ka Moolelo o Kamaakamahiai. Ka Niuhi Ai Humuhumu o Kahului i Ka Nupepa 01.21.1871 1 Maui, Ke Puhi Nau Helu XXI Kuokoa Okaoka Hoi o Kona Mau La Koa. Ka Hiluhilu Hoi o Kona Wa Ui. 06.20.1871 Ke Au Okoa 3 Ka ino o ka awa Ka Nupepa 11.16.1872 3 No Ke Aloha Kuokoa Ka Nupepa No Manoa a me kona mau 11.16.1872 1 Kuokoa hiohiona Ko Hawaii Pae Na Mea Hou o ka Ua 09.27.1879 4 Aina Kuahine Ko Hawaii Pae 10.18.1879 4 He Nane Aina
229 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
PĀKUʻINA E: NĀ MEA E PILI ANA IĀ J. W. K. KAUALILINOE Eia nō ma lalo iho nei nā ʻatikala e pili ana iā Kaualilinoe. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ia i kākau.
Lā Nūpepa ʻAoʻao Poʻo Manaʻo Kakaha Ua kākau ʻo Kaualilinoe i kekahi ʻatikala, akā ʻaʻole Ka Nupepa Na Palapala mai i ke 04.16.1870 3 hoʻopuka ʻia e ka Kuokoa Kuokoa nūpepa. Wehewehe ʻia ke kumu no ke paʻi ʻole ʻia. Ua kākau ʻia kēia ʻatikala e J. W. Kuakuanea loa mai nei ka Puamana, a kuhi 04.27.1871 Ke Au Okoa 1 hoi. aʻela wau, ʻo ia ʻo Kaualilinoe. E nānā i ka Mokuna IV. Ua pili i nā haʻina i Ko Hawaii Pae hoʻouna ʻia i ka 10.25.1879 3 Untitled (Nane) Aina nūpepa no ka nane a Kaualilinoe. Ua pili hou i nā Ko Hawaii Pae haʻina i hoʻouna ʻia i 11.01.1879 2 Haina o ka Nane Aina ka nūpepa no ka nane a Kaualilinoe. Ua hoʻouna ʻia kekahi leka i ka nūpepa no ka hala ʻana o kekahi kanaka Ko Hawaii Pae no Mānoa. ʻAʻole 10.16.1880 3 Make o Kilua Aina naʻe i paʻi ʻia kona mau huaʻōlelo ponoʻī. He haʻi hou nō ka hana a ka nūpepa.
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PĀKUʻINA I: NĀ ʻATIKALA NO NĀ HIʻOHIʻONA ʻĀINA Eia nō ma lalo iho nei nā ʻatikala aʻu i ʻohiʻohi ai e pili ana i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻāina. ʻOiai ʻaʻole pili kēia papahana laeoʻo i kēia mau ʻatikala, ʻaʻole hoʻi wau i lilo i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea a pau. No laila, ʻaʻole paha kēia ma lalo nei nā mea a pau loa. ʻO ka huli aku a loaʻa mai i koe.
Lā Nūpepa ʻAoʻao Poʻo Manaʻo Mea Kākau Kakaha No Honolulu a me Ke Au 01.28.1867 3 kona hiohiona - Holoholopinaau Okoa Helu 1 No Honolulu a me Ke Au 02.04.1867 3 kona hiohiona - Okoa Helu 2 E huli i nā nūpepa kumu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia ma No Honolulu a me Papakilo Ke Au kona hiohiona - Database. Okoa Helu 3 No laila, ʻaʻole maopopo leʻa ka ʻike pili. No Honolulu a me Ke Au 02.25.1867 3 kona hiohiona - Holoholopinaau Okoa Helu 4 No Honolulu a me Ke Au 03.04.1867 3 kona hiohiona - Holoholopinaau Okoa Helu 5 No Honolulu a me Ke Au 03.11.1867 2 kona hiohiona - Holoholopinaau Okoa Helu 6 No Honolulu a me Ke Au 03.25.1867 3 kona hiohiona - Holoholopinaau Okoa Helu 7 E huli i nā nūpepa kumu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia ma No Honolulu a me Papakilo Ke Au 04.01.1867 kona hiohiona - Database. Okoa Helu 8 No laila, ʻaʻole maopopo leʻa ka ʻike pili.
231 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
No Honolulu a me Ke Au 04.08.1867 3 kona hiohiona - Holoholopinaau Okoa Helu 9 No Honolulu a me Ke Au 04.15.1867 3 kona hiohiona - Okoa Helu 10 No Honolulu a me ʻAʻole ʻike Ke Au kona hiohiona - leʻa ʻia ka lā Okoa Helu 11 paʻi No Honolulu a me ʻAʻole ʻike Ke Au kona hiohiona - leʻa ʻia ka lā Okoa Helu 12 paʻi No Honolulu a me Ke Au 05.16.1867 kona hiohiona - Holoholopinaau Okoa Helu 13 No Honolulu a me Ke Au 05.23.1867 2 kona hiohiona - Holoholopinaau Okoa Helu 14 No Honolulu a me Ke Au 06.13.1867 3 kona hiohiona - Holoholopinaau Okoa Helu 15 No Honolulu a me Ke Au 06.20.1867 3 kona hiohiona - Holoholopinaau Okoa Helu 16 Ka Na hiohiona o 01.25.1868 Nupepa 4 Kohala Kuokoa Ka Na hiohiona o 02.01.1868 Nupepa 4 Kohala Kuokoa Ka Na hiohiona o 02.22.1868 Nupepa 3 Kohala–No. 3 Kuokoa Ka No Waimea a me 03.14.1868 Nupepa 4 Malulika kona Hiohiona Kuokoa Kākau ʻia ʻo Na Hiohiona, o ka Ka “I” no ka aina kuamakani o 12.18.1869 Nupepa 1 I. P. Kumauna hua inoa Kau a me na wahi Kuokoa mua o ka pana mea kākau. Na Hiohiona, o ka Kākau ʻia ʻo Ka aina kuamakani o “J” hua inoa 02.05.1870 Nupepa 3 J. P. Kumauna Kau a me na wahi mua o ka Kuokoa pana - Helu 2 mea kākau.
232
Ke Au No Hanalei a me 08.31.1871 2 Kalawaianui Okoa kona hiohiona Ka Na Hiohiona o ka 09.23.1871 Nupepa 2 H. W. K. Kalama Apana o Honoipu Kuokoa Ka No Waiohunu a W. 09.30.1871 Nupepa 1 me kona hiohiona Hoahookeleikamoku Kuokoa Ka Na hiohiona o ka 10.14.1871 Nupepa 1 Ahiki aina Waimanalo Kuokoa Ka Na hiohiona o ka 10.28.1871 Nupepa 1 aina ua kaulana o Rinesinohoanu Kuokoa Hilo Na hiohiona o Ke Au 12.14.1871 4 Kahuku a me na Kawaaiki Okoa mea a pau olaila Ka Na hiohiona o 12.23.1871 Nupepa 1 Samuela Panioi Kawaihae-uka Kuokoa Ka Na hiohiona o ke 02.17.1872 Nupepa 3 S. K. K. ahe Maa-a Kuokoa Ka Na hiohiona o 09.07.1872 Nupepa 2 C. Hoolokahiki Kohala Akau Kuokoa Ka Na hiohiona o ka 09.14.1872 Nupepa 1 makani wehe lau S. K. K. Kuokoa kukui o Hamakua Ka Na Hiohiona o 10.19.1872 Nupepa 2 J. Kealohapauole Ulupalakua Kuokoa Ka Na hiohiona o 11.02.1872 Nupepa 2 Samuela P. Kaualua Kaanapali Kuokoa Ka No Manoa a me 11.16.1872 Nupepa 1 J. W. K. Kaualilinoe kona mau hiohiona Kuokoa Ka Na Hiohiona o ka 12.07.1872 Nupepa 3 F. Robert Kahao Apana o Puna nei Kuokoa Ka Na Hiohiona o 12.14.1872 Nupepa 1 J. K. Leleianaha Honokohau Kuokoa
233 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
Ko Na Hiohiona o 11.12.1873 Hawaii 3 Malihini Koolauloa Ponoi Ko Na hiohiona o 11.26.1873 Hawaii 3 Malihini Koolauloa Ponoi Ko Na hiohiona o 12.03.1873 Hawaii 1 Malihini Koolauloa Ponoi Ka Lahui Na Hiohiona o 03.25.1875 4 J. H. K. Nalaielua Hawaii Kapaliiuka nei Na Hiohiona o na Ka Lahui F. Rbt. K. 05.06.1875 3 Apana o Hawaii Kaimihanamoku Koolaupoko No ke Kalana o Ka Kahakuloa a me 08.14.1875 Nupepa 1 Abenera Kahananui kona mau Kuokoa Hiohiona Ka Na Hiohiona o 02.12.1876 Nupepa 1 Lihue Kuokoa Ka Na Hiohiona o 03.12.1876 Nupepa 4 H. Lihue Kuokoa Ka 07.14.1877 Nupepa 4 Na hiohiona o Kau Kauakaulaau Kuokoa Ka Lahui Na Hiohiona o 09.13.1877 2 Sam Beniamina Hawaii Keaukukuiula Ka Na Hiohiona o 12.22.1877 Nupepa 4 Makapala a me Joseph Kuokoa Aamakao Ka Na Hiohiona o 08.31.1878 Nupepa 3 J. M. Kapohu Akaka Falls Kuokoa Ka Na hiohiona o 09.07.1878 Nupepa 3 J. H. Kanepuu Waiohinu Kuokoa Ka Na Hiohiona o 11.16.1878 Nupepa 4 James Holls Hilo Kuokoa Ko Na Hiohiona o ka 08.02.1879 Hawaii 1 Jno. Kaumiumu Pali Koolau Pae Aina
234
PĀKUʻINA O: KE KAʻINA MOʻOLELO I PAʻI ʻIA MA NĀ NŪPEPA Eia nō ma lalo iho nei nā moʻolelo e paʻi ʻia ana i ka wā a Kaualilinoe e kākau ana i nā nūpepa ʻolelo Hawaiʻi. Ma ke kiʻi ʻelua, ua hiki ʻole ke hoʻokomo i ka inoa piha ʻo “Kahikinaakala.”
235 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
PĀKUʻINA U: NĀ MANA O KALELEALUAKA Eia nō ma lalo iho nei nā ʻatikala e pili ana i nā mana o Kalelealuaka. ʻAʻole naʻe ʻo ia i kākau.
Ke Poʻo Manaʻo Na Wai Kahi Ka Wā Kakaha Ka Moolelo o Kalelealuaka, J. W. K. Ka Nupepa 1870: 04.09, Ka Ihu Kae-a-e-a o Lihue, Kaualilinoe Kuokoa 04.16, Kauai, Ka Olali Hoi o (Mea Kākau) 04.23, Kona Mau La U-i 04.30, 05.07, 05.14, 05.21, 05.28 The Story of Kalelealuaka: Nathaniel B. Hawaiian 1885 He unuhina o A Hawaiian Story Emerson (Mea Almanac kā Kaualilinoe Unuhi) and Annual mana. for 1885, ʻAoʻao: 30- 46 Kalelealuaka Nathaniel B. Hawaiian 1907 He unuhina o Emerson (Mea Folk Tales: kā Kaualilinoe Unuhi) A Collection mana. He paʻi of Native hou no ka Legends, unuhina mai ʻAoʻao: 74- ka M.H. 1885. 106 Kaao Hooniua Puuwai no ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia Ke Au Hou 1910: 07.06, Kalelealuaka, Ke Kae’ae’a 07.13, Ihupani o Keahumoe–ka 07.20, pua i oili mailoko o na ku’e- 07.27, 11.02 maka-pali o Kaholokuaiwa– ka hekili kuʻi nei nakolo iloko o Ikuwa Stories of Wailua, Kauai. Lyle A. Dickey Twenty- 1916 (Mea Kākau) Fifth Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society, ʻAoʻao: 19- 20 Legend of Kalelealuaka and Abraham Fornander 1916-1917 Ua like nō a Keinohoomanawanui/Kaao Fornander Collection like loa kēia no Kalelealuaka a Me (Mea Hōʻahu of Hawaiian mana me ka Keinohoomanawanui Moʻolelo), Antiquities mea i ʻike ʻia i Thomas G. and Folk- loko o Ka lore Puke Nupepa Kuokoa
236
Thrum (Mea IV: ʻAoʻao: (1927), a i Ke Hoʻoponopono) 464-471 Alakai o Hawaiʻi (1934- 1935, 1936). ʻAʻole i kuhi ʻia ʻo J. K. Mokumaia ka mea kākau, akā no ka like loa o kēia mana me kā Mokumaia i i M.H. 1927, ʻaʻohe oʻu kānalua ʻo ia nō ka mea kākau. He Moolelo Hoonanea no J. K. Ka Nupepa 1927: 03.03, Ua like nō a Kalelealuaka ame Mokumaia Kuokoa 03.24, 03.31 like loa kēia Keinohoomanawanui (Mea Kākau) mana me ka mea i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka puke a Fornander (1916-1917), a i Ke Alakai o Hawaiʻi (1934- 1935, 1936). He Moolelo Kaao Hawaiʻi ʻO J. K. Ke Alakai o 12.27.1934 Ua like nō a Kahiko Loa no Mokumaia Hawaii & like loa kēia Kalelealuaka me paha ka mea 01.24.1935 mana me ka Keinohoomanawanui; He Hoʻopuka. mea i ʻike ʻia i Kuko ka Hana loko o ka puke a Fornander (1916-1917), i Ka Nupepa Kuokoa (1927), a i Ke Alakai o Hawaiʻi (1936). ʻAʻole i kuhi ʻia ʻo J. K. Mokumaia ka mea kākau, akā no ka like loa o kēia mana me kā Mokumaia i i M.H. 1927, ʻaʻohe oʻu kānalua ʻo ia
237 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
nō ka mea kākau. Kalelealuaka a me Hōʻike ʻole ʻia. Ke Alakai o 12.31.1936 Ua like nō a Keinohoomanawanui ʻO J. K. Hawaii like loa kēia Mokumaia mana me ka paha ka mea mea i ʻike ʻia i Hoʻopuka. loko o ka puke a Fornander (1916-1917), a i Ka Nupepa Kuokoa (1927), a i Ke Alakai o Hawaiʻi (1934- 1935). ʻAʻole i kuhi ʻia ʻo J. K. Mokumaia ka mea kākau, akā no ka like loa o kēia mana me kā Mokumaia i i M.H. 1927, ʻaʻohe oʻu kānalua ʻo ia nō ka mea kākau.
Paʻi ʻia akula i loko o ka nūpepa ʻo Ke Au Hou ke “Kaao Hooniua Puuwai no
Kalelealuaka, Ke Kae’ae’a Ihupani o Keahumoe–ka pua i oili mailoko o na ku’e-maka-pali o
Kaholokuaiwa–ka hekili kuʻi nei nakolo iloko o Ikuwa.”1 ʻElima wale nō pukana i ka waihona nūpepa ʻo Papakilo. ʻEhā pukana i ka mahina ʻo Iulai, M.H. 1910, a hoʻokahi i ka mahina ʻo
Nowemapa, M.H. 1910. Nele ʻo Papakilo i nā pukana a pau ʻole. No ia kumu, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka moʻolelo holoʻokoʻa, a ʻaʻole nō i hōʻike ʻia ka mea kākau ma nā pukana ma ka punaewele. Wahi a
Esther T. Mookini, ua paʻi ʻia Ke Au Hou i ka mahina ʻo Mei, M.H. 1910, a i ka mahina ʻo
Pepeluali, M.H. 1912. ʻO John Henry Wise nō ka luna hoʻoponopono, a ua nui kona paʻi ʻana
1 “Kaao Hooniua Puuwai no Kalelealuaka, Ke Kae’ae’a Ihupani o Keahumoe–ka pua i oili mailoko o na ku’e-maka-pali o Kaholokuaiwa–ka hekili kuʻi nei nakolo iloko o Ikuwa,” Ke Au Hou, Iulai 6, 1910, 10-12. Iulai 13, 1910, 10-12; Iulai 20, 1910, 10-12; Iulai 27, 1910, 12-14; Nowemapa 2, 1910, 13-15.
238
aku i nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi.2 He maikaʻi loa nō ke kipa ʻana aku i nā waihona palapala kahiko ma
Ka Mokuʻāina ʻo Hawaiʻi, ma Ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Kamehameha, a ma Ka Waihona Puke ʻo
Hamilton ma ke Kulanui o Hawaiʻi ma Mānoa. Aia nō i laila nā pukana ʻē aʻe i heluhelu mai ai i ka moʻolelo holoʻokoʻa.3 ʻOiai ʻaʻole kēlā mana ka mea nui o kēia mokuna, ʻaʻole naʻe wau i huli aku. Na kekahi ʻē aʻe nō paha.
No nā pukana i loaʻa ma Papakilo, ua ʻano like nō nā hanana o ka moʻolelo me kā
Kaualilinoe, akā ua ʻano wehewehe nui hou ʻia akula kekahi mau mea i loko o Ke Au Hou e like me ke kuko ʻana a Kalelealuaka lāua ʻo Keinohoomanawanui, nā inoa meʻe, nā moʻolelo inoa
ʻāina, ka hānai ʻia ʻana o Kalelealuaka mā e Kākuhihewa. Eia kekahi, ʻo Pueonuiokona ke aliʻi e kaua pū ana iā Kākuhihewa, ʻaʻole hoʻi ʻo Kūaliʻi, e like me kā Kaualilinoe. ʻOkoʻa nō hoʻi ke kūlana a Maliuhaaino, he kiu ʻo ia i loko o kēia mana, ʻaʻole he ilāmuku. Malia paha ua ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kēia mana ma mua o kā Kaualilinoe. Aia a huli aku i ʻike ʻia ai ke koena o ka moʻolelo, ka mea nāna i kākau, a me nā mea e like ai a e ʻokoʻa ai i kā Kaualilinoe.
I ka M.H. 1916, ua kuhi iki ʻia e Lyle A. Dickey ka moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka no kāna
ʻatikala e pili ana i nā moʻolelo o Wailua, Kauaʻi. Ua paʻi ʻia i loko o ka Palapala Hōʻike
Makahiki, Helu 25 no ka Hui Moʻolelo Hawaiʻi. Kākau akula ʻo ia no ka heiau ma
Kahikihaunaka, Wailua, Kauaʻi. Ma kāna kuhi iki ʻana i ka moʻolelo, ua pili nō i ka hiki ʻana mai o Kaʻōpele i Kauaʻi me kāna mau hana kupaianaha, ʻo ia ka hiamoe lōʻihi ʻana. Ua pili loa nō kāna haʻi hou ʻana i ka moʻolelo me kā Kaualilinoe. ʻAʻole ʻo ua Dickey lā i hōʻike akula i ke kumu
ʻike. Malia paha, ua heluhelu maila ʻo ia i ka moʻolelo i unuhi ʻia e Emerson. Inā i hiki iā ia ke heluhelu ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, inā ua heluhelu mai nō paha ʻo ia i kā Kaualilinoe mana a me nā mana
2 Esther K. Mookini, The Hawaiian Newspapers (Honolulu: Topgallant Publishing Company, Ltd., 1974), 5. 3 Mookini, 5; Hawaii Newspapers: A Union List (Hawaii Newspaper Project, 1987), 3.
239 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi ʻē aʻe, akā, ʻo kā Kaualilinoe wale nō ka mea i wehewehe ai i ka moʻolelo no
Kaʻōpele. ʻO ka mea hoihoi na Dickey, ʻo kāna wale nō ka mea nāna i hōʻike akula i ka inoa o ka heiau i kau mōhai ʻia ai ke kino hiamoe o Kaʻōpele. Wahi āna, ʻo Kukui ka inoa o ia heiau.4
Ua paʻi hou ʻia akula kekahi mana no Kalelealuaka i loko o nā puke kaulana i hōʻahuʻahu
ʻia e Abraham Fornander. He mana ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi ma laila, a unuhi ʻia maila e Thomas G.
Thrum a i ka ‘ōlelo haole.5 Wahi a ka ʻōlelo hoʻolauna na Fornander, ua haʻi ʻia a hāʻawi ʻia paha
ʻo ia i kēia mau moʻolelo e kekahi mau Kānaka, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i kuhi pololei ʻia nā inoa o ia poʻe kānaka.6
I loko o Ka Nupepa Kuokoa i ka M.H. 1927, paʻi ʻia akula ka mana like loa me ka mana i
ʻike ʻia i loko o kā Fornander puke ma ka inoa ʻo “He Moolelo Hoonanea no Kalelealuaka ame
Keinohoomanawanui.”7 Ua like loa nō ka ʻōlelo o ia mau mana ʻelua. ʻAʻohe mea nui loa o kēia mana i ʻokoʻa ai koe naʻe kekahi mau māhele i hoʻonui iki ʻia ai ka moʻolelo ʻana. ʻŌlelo ʻia maila ma lalo o ke poʻo manaʻo, “Hoopuka hou ʻia e J. K. Mokumaia.” Malia paha, ua kiʻi ʻia maila ka mana i ʻike ʻia i loko o kā Fornander a hoʻopuka wale akula nō.
4 Lyle A. Dickey, “Stories of Wailua, Kauai,” ma Twenty-Fifth Annual Report of the Hawaiian Historical Society (Honolulu: Paradise of the Pacific Press, 1916), 19–20 5 Abraham Fornander, “Legend of Kalelealuaka and Keinohoomanawanui,” ma Memoirs of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History, Puke IV (Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1916), 464–70 6 Fornander, Memoirs, 1916, vi. Aia nō kēia ʻōlelo hoʻolauna i loko o ka Preface. ʻŌlelo ʻia ʻo “S. M. Kamakau, the historian; J. Kepilino [pn], a me S. N. Haleole” ka mea kōkua iā Fornander. 7 J. K. Mokumaia, “He Moolelo Hoonanea no Kalelealuaka ame Keinohoomanawanui,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Malaki 3, 1927, 5; J. K. Mokumaia, “He Moolelo Hoonanea no Kalelealuaka ame Keinohoomanawanui,” Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Malaki 24, 1927, 5; Malaki 31, 1927, 2.
240
Eia hoʻi, no nā mana hope loa i paʻi ʻia akula ma nā nūpepa, aia nō i Ke Alakai o Hawaiʻi i ka M.H. 1934-1935,8 a ma ka M.H. 1936.9 Ma kēlā mau mana, ʻaʻole nō i kuhi ʻia ka mea kākau, akā, ma ka heluhelu pono ʻana mai, ua hiki nō ke kuhi ʻia. ʻOiai ua like a like nō ka ʻōlelo a kēlā mau mana ʻelua me kā Mokumaia i Ka Nupepa Kuokoa a me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma Fornander, ʻo J.
K. Mokumaia nō paha ka mea hoʻopuka. He paʻi hou wale nō paha ia i nanea hoʻi ai nā mea heluhelu. E ʻike i ka Pākuʻina K no kekahi laʻana i ʻike ʻia ai ka like loa o ka ʻōlelo a kēia mau mana a pau loa.
Ma ka hapa nui loa o kēlā mau mana a pau loa na Mokumaia a me ka mea i loko o kā
Fornander, ua like nō a like. Akā, ma kekahi mau māhele liʻiliʻi, ua ʻokoʻa iki. ʻAʻole paha ʻokoʻa ka moʻolelo, eia naʻe, ua wehewehe nui hou ʻia akula kekahi mau māhele i loko o kā Mokumaia. Ua kuhi iki ʻia kēia mau mea ma lalo nei ma kā Fornander me nā mea ma Ke Alakai o Hawaii, akā ua hoʻonui ʻia e Mokumaia i loko o kāna mana. Penei hoʻi kekahi mau laʻana. Hoʻouna ʻia akula nā koa i kahi a Kalelealuaka mā e noho ana a hāʻawi akula lākou i nā mahiole a me nā ʻahu ʻula, a ma luna o ka mānele nō lāua i halihali ʻia ai a i kahi o Kākuhihewa e noho ana. Ua kamaʻilio nui
ʻo Kākuhihewa no kona hilinaʻi nui iā Keinohoomanawanui, no ka mea, hele pū lāua i ke kaua a
ʻike maka akula ʻo ia i ka ikaika maoli o Keinohoomanawanui. A wehewehe ʻia ko ua aliʻi nui nei hilinaʻi ʻole iā Kalelealuaka no kona lilo mau i ka hiamoe. Wehewehe hou ʻia akula hoʻi no ka huli
ʻana o kekahi mahiʻai i ke koa ikaika loa (ʻo Kalelealuaka nō ia) nāna i luku i ko Pueonui ʻaoʻao.
Eia kekahi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i make ʻo Keinohoomanawanui i loko o kā Mokumaia mana, ua lilo nō ʻo ia i punahele i mua o Kākuhihewa, ua moʻolelo iki ʻia nō hoʻi kona lilo ʻana i kuhina kaua nui.
8 “He Moolelo Kaao Hawaiʻi Kahiko Loa no Kalelealuaka me Keinohoomanawanui; He Kuko ka Hana,” Ke Alakai o Hawaii, Kēkēmapa 27, 1934, 4; Ianuali 1, 1935, 2. 9 J. K., “Kalelealuaka a me Keinohoomanawanui,” Ke Alakai o Hawaii, Kēkēmapa 31, 1936, 3.
241 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
No kēlā mau mana a pau, ua ʻano like ka moʻolelo me kā Kaualilinoe. Eia mai kekahi mau mea nui e ʻokoʻa ai ka moʻolelo. ʻAʻole nō i moʻolelo iki ʻia no ko Kaʻōpele. Hoʻomaka ʻia ka moʻolelo ma ke kuko ʻana o Kalelealuaka mā iā lākou e noho ana i uka o Kākuhihewa ma Oʻahu.
ʻAʻole i kuhi ʻia nā ʻāina a Kalelealuaka mā i noho ai a me kāna mahiʻai kupaianaha ʻana. ʻAʻole i kuhi ʻia ka hana ʻoki poepoe ma mua o kā lākou hānai ʻia ʻana e Kākuhihewa. ʻO Pueonui ke aliʻi a Kākuhihewa e pāonioni ana, ʻaʻole ʻo Kūaliʻi e like me kā Kaualilinoe. I ka moʻolelo na
Kaualilinoe, ʻaʻole hele ʻo Kākuhihewa i ke kaua, akā ma kēia mau mana, hele akula nō ʻo ia a kaua akula ʻo ia me kona poʻe koa i ko Pueonui ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻole ʻo Maliuhaaino i loko o ka moʻolelo, a na kekahi mahiʻai i ʻike maka aku i nā hana luku a Kalelealuaka iā ia e kaua ana me Pueonui, a na ia mahiʻai nō i haʻi aku i ke aliʻi nui ʻo Kākuhihewa i ia hana kupaianaha āna i ʻike maka ai.
No laila, ʻaʻole moʻolelo ʻia ko Kalelealuaka hoʻonalonalo ʻana iā ia iho i mua o ka ilāmuku a ke aliʻi nui me nā lei o ka ʻāina. ʻAʻole i pepehi ʻia a make ʻo Keinohoomanawanui e like me kā
Kaualilinoe, ua ola nō ʻo ia. A ʻaʻole nō i wehewehe ʻia ka moʻolelo no Kākuhihewa ma hope o ke kaua ʻana. Ma kēia mau mana naʻe, ua wehewehe nui ʻia nā kuko a Kalelealuaka mā, a ʻoi aku nō ka lōʻihi o ka moʻolelo ʻana no ia kuko ʻana ma mua o kā Kaualilinoe. Eia kekahi, he kaua ko
Hālawa, Oʻahu ma waena o Kākuhihewa mā me Pueonui mā. ʻO ia kahi kaua i kuhi ʻole ʻia e
Kaualilinoe.
242
PĀKUʻINA H: HE HOʻOHĀLIKELIKE MA WAENA O KĀ KAUALILINOE ME KĀ EMERSON He ʻohina iki nō kēia e hōʻike aku ai ua unuhi ʻia ka mana a Kaualilinoe e Emerson. Akā, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mana holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻohe kānalua no ka like loa o lāua.
Na Kaualilinoe, 1870 Na Emerson, 1885 Ua hanauia o Kaopele, ma Waipio, i Hawaii. Kaopele was born in Waipio, Hawaii. When Aia nae ma kona wa i hanauia mai ai, aole i born he did not breathe and his parents were ikeia he hanu ola kekahi i ikeia iho iloko ona, greatly troubled, but they washed his body aka, ua hoomaemae ia iho la ua keiki nei a clean and having arrayed it in good clothes, maikai, a hoaahu ia iho la i na kapa keiki i they watched anxiously over the body for hoomakaukau ia, waiho iho la. Ua pau elua several days and then concluding it to be dead koi kukui o ke kakali ana no ka puka mai o ka placed it in a small cave in the face of a cliff. hanu, a i ole la hoi, o ka nape ae la hoi ma ka There the body remained from the summer houpo a ma ka manawa la hoi, he ole loa no. month of Ikiki, (Iulai or ʻAukake) to the winter A no keia mea, ua haohao loa ka manao o na month of Ikua, (Kēkēmapa or Ianuali) a makua, nolaila, hooholo iho la laua i ko laua period of six months. manao, e kiola i ua keiki nei. Lawe ae la ka makuakane i ua keiki nei, a waiho aku la ma kekahi poopoo pali, a malaila keia i waihoia ai, mai ka malama o Ikiki a hiki i ka malama o Ikua
Oi noho aku no hoi lakou nei a hala paha he Thus they lived for perhaps thirty days (he mau anahulu, hiki ana ka elele a Kualii, i hele mau anahulu), when a messenger arrived mai e hai. no ke kaua ma Kanalua, i announcing that Kualii was making war at Moanalua, i kekahi la ae. Ia manawa no i Moanalua. The soldiers of Kakuhihewa liuliu koke ae ai ko Kakuhihewa aoao, o na quicky made themselves ready, and among koa a me kahi pu-ka-ua oopa ; a aia pu iloko o them Keinohoomanawanui went out to keia mau poe kaua o Keinohoomanawanui. I battle. The lame marshal started for the scene ka napoo ana aku no o ka la, o ka hele e iho la of battle that night before. no ia o kahi oopa.
243 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
PĀKUʻINA K: HE HOʻOHĀLIKELIKE NO KEKAHI MAU MANA NO KALELEALUAKA He ʻohina nō kēia no kekahi mau laʻana i ʻike ai ka like a me ka ʻokoʻa o nā hope loa no Kalelealuaka i paʻi akula. Ua kikokiko hou ʻia e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia.
ʻOhi ʻia e Hoʻopuka hou ʻia e ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia ka ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia ka Fornander J. K. Mokumaia mea kākau mea kākau Fornander Collection Ka Nupepa Kuokoa, Ke Alakai o Hawaii, Ke Alakai o Hawaii, of Hawaiian 1927 1934-1935 1936 Antiquities and Folk- lore Puke IV, 1916- 1917 O ka aina i noho ai o O ka aina i noho ai o O ka aina i noho ai o O ka aina i noho ai Kalelealuaka a me Kalelealuaka ame Kalele aluaka [pn] a o Kalelealuaka a me Keinohoomanawanui Keinohoomanawanui me keinohoomanawanu , o Lihue e waiho ana , o Lihue e waiho ana Keinohoomanawanui i [pn], o Lihue, e malalo hikina o ka malalo hikina iho o ka , o Lihue ia he aina e waiho ana malalo mauna o Kaala i mauna o Kaala i waiho ana malalo hikina o ka mauna o Oahu. O ke kahua Oahu nei o ke kahua hikina o Mauna Kaala i Oahu. O ke hale nae, o Oahunui. hale o Oahunui. O Kaala o Oahu nei. A kahua hale nae, o O Kakuhihewa ke ‘lii Kakuhihewa ke alii o Kakuhihewa ke alii o Oahu nui. O o Ewa a me na aina e Ewa a me na aina e Ewa a me na aina e Kakuhihewa ke ‘lii o pili ana me ia; o pili ana me ia; o pili ana me ia; o Ewa a me na aina e Pueonui ko Kona nei, Pueonui ko Kona nei, Pueonui ko Kona nei. pili ana me ia ; o oia mai Moanalua a alii nui mai Moanalua Oia mai Moanalua Pueonui ko Kona Makapuu, e noho ana a Makapuu, e noho ahiki i Makapuu. E nei, oia mai laua me ka paonioni a ana laua me ka noho ana laua me ka Moanalua a me ke kaua, kokoke e paonioni a me ke paonioni ame ke kaua Makapuu, e noho pau loa o Ewa ia kaua, kokoke e pau aku a kaua mai a ana laua me ka Pueonui. loa o Ewa ia Pueonui. kokoke e pau loa o paonioni a me ke Ewa ia Pueonui. kaua, kokoke e pau loa o Ewa ia Pueonui.
No Kalelealuaka. I ke No Kalelealuaka hoi i No Kalelealuaka. I ke I ke ao, moe oia, o ao, moe oia a kani ka ke ao, moe oia a kani ao, moe oia a kani ka Kalelealuaka hoi, a moa kuakahi o ka ka moa kuakahi, o ka moa kuakahi o ka kani ka moa kuakahi wanaao, hele e pepehi wanaao, hele e pepehi wanaao, hele e pepehi o ka wanaao, hele e i na ’lii koa o i na liikoa o Pueonui. i na ’liikoa o Pueonui. pepehi i na ’lii koa o Pueonui. Mai lalo mai Mailalo mai o Ewa e Mailalo mai o Ewa e Pueonui. Mai lalo o Ewa e hele ai, a loaa holo ai, a loaa na hele ai, a loaa na mai o Ewa e holo ai, na ’lii koa a me ke liikoa ame ke kaua ’liikoa ame ke kaua i a loaa na ’lii koa a kaua i Kapukaki e ana ma Kapukaki e Kapukaki e nana la ia me ke kaua i nana ala ia Halawa. nana la ia Halawa. Halawa. Kapukaki e nana ala ia Halawa.
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PĀKUʻINA L: NĀ MANA O HĀMEʻE I LOKO O KA MOʻOLELO O KALELEALUAKA Helu ʻia ma ke kaʻina pīʻapā Hawaiʻi nā meʻe mai loko mai o ka moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka. He 15 inoa kanaka a akua paha i hōʻike ʻia, a he 50 ʻoi loa aku nō paha ka huina nui o nā meʻe.
Inoa Kanaka Wehewehe Kakaha Nā aliʻi o Hanalei He mau aliʻi ʻōʻō ihe ma Hanalei, Kauaʻi. Kukuʻi akula ka ikaika o ia mau kānaka a puni ʻo Kauaʻi. Hoʻokūkū kekahi o kēia mau aliʻi me Kalelealuaka, a eo ihola. Lilo ia aliʻi i mōhai aliʻi no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i heiau. Ke aliʻi o Wailua ʻO ia ke aliʻi i mokomoko pū me Kalelealuaka, a eo ʻo ia iā ia. Lilo ʻo ia i mōhai aliʻi no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i heiau. Nā ʻĀʻīpuʻupuʻu Nā ʻāʻīpuʻupuʻu o Kākuhihewa. Hoʻolohe lākou iā Kākuhihewa i kāna hōʻike ʻana aku no nā kuko āna i lohe ai. Nā ʻElele a Ke Aloha ʻOle Nā kānaka i kōkua aku i nā mākua o Makalani i ke kiola wale ʻana aku iā Kaʻōpele i loko o ka moana iā ia nō e hiamoe ana. ʻElele a Kūaliʻi Ka ʻelele a Kūaliʻi i hoʻouna ʻia i mua o Kākuhihewa mā e hoʻomaopopo aku ana iā lākou no kahi o lākou e kaua ana. Ka ʻelemakule 1 Ke kamaʻāina i loko o ka pupupu hale nāna i mālama iā Kaʻōpele ma hope o kona ala ʻana aʻe ma luna o ka lele i ka heiau ʻo Kahikihaunaka. ʻO ia kahi kupuna o ka wahine a Kaʻōpele. Ka ʻelemakule 2 Ke kamaʻāina i loko o ka pupupu hale nāna i mālama iā Kaʻōpele ma hope o kona ʻala ʻana aʻe ma luna o ka lele i ka heiau ʻo Kahikihaunaka. ʻO ia kahi kupuna o ka wahine a Kaʻōpele. Nā ʻOʻopa He mau poʻe kaua ma lalo o Kākuhihewa. ʻOlopana Kahi aliʻi o Oʻahi i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka moʻolelo. Wahi a Keinohoʻomanawanui, ʻo ʻOlopana ke kumu i makapaʻa ai ʻo ia.
245 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
Ka Ilāmuku He ilāmuku ʻo ia na ke aliʻi o Hanalei. Nā Hoaaloha Nā kānaka i hōʻoia aku nei ʻo Kaʻōpele nō ke kanaka i waiho ʻia i luna o ka lele. Nā hope a ka Ilāmuku Nā kōkua a ka Ilāmuku na ke aliʻi o Hanalei. Kaʻōpele ʻO ia ka makuakāne o Kalelealuaka. Hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma Waipiʻo, Oʻahu. Hana nui ʻo ia i ka mahiʻai, akā no ʻeono mau malama hiamoe ʻo ia. Nā Kāhuna Nā kāhuna o Kākuhihewa, na lākou i aʻoaʻo aku iā ia no nā kuko a Kalelealuaka mā. Nā Kākāʻōlelo Nā Kākāʻōlelo o Kākuhihewa, na lākou i aʻoaʻo aku iā ia no nā kuko a Kalelealuaka mā. Kākuhihewa Ke aliʻi nui o Oʻahu. Kalelealuaka Ka mea nona kēia moʻolelo, ke keiki a Kaʻōpele lāua ʻo Makalani. He kupaianaha hoʻi kona ikaika. Kalupe/Kaluhe Kahi hoa o Kalelealuaka no Kauaʻi, nāna i hele pū me ia i Oʻahu. Kamaʻāina o Hanalei Ka mea i lohe i ke kaena ʻana a Kalelealuaka no ka ʻoi o kona ikaika ma mua o ke aliʻi o Wailua. No ia hoʻolohe ʻana, ʻo ka hele akula nō ia ona a haʻi akula ʻo ia i ke aliʻi. Kamaʻāina o Wailua Ka mea i lohe i ke kaena ʻana a Kalelealuaka no ka ʻoi o kona ikaika ma mua o ke aliʻi o Wailua. No ia hoʻolohe ʻana, ʻo ka hele akula nō ia ona a haʻi akula ʻo ia i ke aliʻi. Nā Kamalei a Kākuhihewa Nā kaikamāhine a Kākuhihewa, ʻo lākou nō nā wāhine a Kalelealuaka. Kanaka 1 Ka ʻelele i hele mai i Oʻahu nei i ʻimi ai i mōhai no ka heiauʻ o Kahikihaunaka ma Wailua, Kauaʻi. Kanaka 2 ʻO ia ka mea nāna i hā'awi i nā pono lawaiʻa iā Kaʻōpele, ke noi ʻia. Hāʻawi ʻia akula nā iʻa i loaʻa iā ia i kēlā kanaka. Nā Kānaka o ke konohiki Nā kōkua i ke konohiki iā ia e hānai ana iā Kalelealuaka mā
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Nā Kānaka o ʻEwa Nā kānaka o Kākuhihewa, na lākou nō i kūkulu i nā hale lāʻau no Kalelealuaka mā. Keākealani Kekahi kūkini māmā loa a Kākuhihewa, he ʻono puni ʻo Oʻahi nei mai ke kakahiaka a i ke awakea. Keinohoʻomanawanui Kahi hoa makapaʻa o Kalelealuaka no Waiʻanae. Noho ʻo ia me Kalelealuaka mā i Kahalepōʻai. Kuko ʻo ia me Kalelealuaka. Lilo ʻo ia i koa ma ka pūʻali o Kākuhihewa. Nā Kilo Nā kilo a Kākuhihewa, na lākou i aʻoaʻo aku iā ia no nā kuko a Kalelealuaka mā. Nā Koa a Kākuhihewa Nā ʻāuna kānaka o ka pūʻali koa a Kākuhihewa. Ke Konohiki Ke konohiki nāna i hānai iā Kalelealuaka mā iā lākou i hiki mua ai i Waipiʻo. Ke Konohiki o Waialua Ke konohiki i noi ʻia no kekahi mōhai no ka heiau o Kahikihaunaka ma Wailua, Kauaʻi. Kūaliʻi Kekahi aliʻi o Oʻahu, nāna i kipi iā Kākuhihewa. Kūhelemoana Kekahi kukini māmā loa a Kākuhihewa, he ʻono puni ʻo Oʻahi nei mai ke kakahiaka a i ke awakea. Nā Kuhikuhi Puʻuone Nā Kuhikuhi Puʻuone o Kākuhihewa, na lākou i aʻoaʻo aku iā ia no nā kuko a Kalelealuaka mā. Nā Kukini Nā kūkini māmā loa o Kākuhihewa. Ka luna a Kūaliʻi Kahi luna o ka pūʻali koa o Kākuhihewa. Makalani Ka wahine a Kaʻōpele, ka makuahine o Kalelealuaka. Ka makuahine o Makalani ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia kona inoa. ʻO ia ka makuahūnōwai o Kaʻōpele. Ka makuakāne o Makalani ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia kona inoa. ʻO ia ka makuahūnōwai o Kaʻōpele. Maliuhaaino Ka Ilāmuku ʻoʻopa o Kākuhihewa, ka mea nāna i hāʻawi i nā ʻano iā Kalelealuaka. ʻO ka ʻike maka i ke kaua kona kuleana, a haʻi akula ʻo ia i ka hopena o ke kaua iā Kākuhihewa.
247 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
Napuaokamao/Napuaikamao Ke kahuna ʻike a akamai nō hoʻi o Kākuhihewa. Niolopua ʻO ia ke akua pili i ka hiamoe. Pele Ke akua o Waimanu lāua ʻo Waiaalaia. Nā Pūkaua He mau poʻe kaua ma lalo o Kākuhihewa. Ka Pūkaua Nui 1 Kahi pūkaua nui ma lalo o Kākuhihewa. Ka Pūkaua Nui 2 Kahi pūkaua nui ma lalo o Kākuhihewa. Ka Pūkaua Nui 3 Kahi pūkaua nui ma lalo o Kākuhihewa. Waiaalaia Ka makuahine o Kaʻōpele. Waimanu Ka makuakāne o Kaʻōpele.
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PĀKUʻINA M: NĀ PANA ʻĀINA I LOKO O KA MOʻOLELO O KALELEALUAKA Eia ma lalo nei kekahi mau palapala ʻāina aʻu i hoʻomākaukau ai no ka hoʻākāka ʻana i nā pana ʻāina i loko o ka moʻolelo. ʻAʻole naʻe i ʻike ʻia kahi e waiho nei nā ʻāina a pau. Ma hope o nā palapala ʻāina, e ʻike ʻia ana ka papa helu o nā inoa pana ʻāina a pau.
249 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
250
251 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
Pana Aina Wehewehe Kakaha ʻAipō He ʻāina i uka loa ma Kauaʻi, kahi i ʻōlelo ʻia ai ʻo “Pa na lima o ka noe i Alakai, ai humuhumu i ke anu o Aipo, kui keole i Kauaikanana.” Ahamau He kula ma Kahuku, Koʻolauloa, Oʻahu, ʻo ia kahi i kaulana ai ka lei hala a me ka lei pua kō. Alakaʻi He ʻāina i uka loa ma Kauaʻi, kahi i ʻōlelo ʻia ai ʻo “Pa na lima o ka noe i Alakai, ai humuhumu i ke anu o Aipo, kui keole i Kauaikanana.” ʻEwa He moku nui ma Oʻahu, aia ka hapa nui o ka moʻolelo i loko o kēia moku. ʻUkoʻa He loko iʻa ma Waialua, Oʻahu, kahi i kaulana ai ka lei ʻuki. Halemano He ʻāina ma Waialua Uka, i uka hoʻi o Kūkaniloko a me Wahiawā. Hanalei He ʻāina ma Kauaʻi, kahi i noho ai ke aliʻi mōhai a Kalelealuaka. Hanaloa He loko iʻa ma kai o Waipiʻo, ma kahi o Puʻuloa. I laila i hānai ʻia ai ka puhi. Hawaiʻi He mokupuni, kahi i noho ai nā mākua o Kaʻōpele. Hilia He ʻano puana ʻokoʻa paha, he kiko hewa paha no Kilia. ʻO ia kahi i ʻōlelo ʻia, "ke ahu panio lua i ke kai o Hilia" Kaʻena He lae ma Oʻahu, hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai Kauaʻi. Kaʻōʻiʻo He lae ma Koʻolaupoko, ma kai o Kualoa. Kauaʻi He mokupuni, kahi i noho iki ai ʻo Kaʻōpele. No laila mai ka ʻohana o ko Kalelealuaka makuahine. Aia kekahi hapa iki o ka moʻolelo ma laila. Kauaikanana He ʻāina i uka loa ma Kauaʻi, kahi i ʻōlelo ʻia ai ʻo “Pa na lima o ka noe i Alakai, ai humuhumu i ke anu o Aipo, kui keole i Kauaikanana.” Kaʻuiki ʻŌlelo ʻia ka ʻōlelo noʻeau no kēia ʻāina, “Oni e lele Kauiki i ka malie.” ʻAʻole naʻe i ʻike ʻia ʻo Kaʻuiki hea lā kēia. Kahauone He ʻāina i uka o ʻEwa, ma Waipiʻo uka paha, kahi i ulu ai ka ʻawa kaulana loa a Kākuhihewa.
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Kahalepōʻai ʻO ia kahi a Kalelealuaka mā i noho ai i uka o Waipiʻo, Oʻahu Kahapaʻakai He kahua kaua ma Nuʻuanu, Oʻahu, kahi i kaua ai ʻo Kākuhihewa me Kūaliʻi. Kahikihaunaka He heiau ma Wailua, Kauaʻi, kahi i waiho ʻia ai ke kino hiamoe o Kaʻōpele ma luna o ka lele. Kahuku He ʻāina ma Koʻolauloa, kahi i hui ai ʻo Maliuhaʻaino a me Kalelealuaka, kahi i kaulana ai ka lei hala a me ka pua kō. Kalauao He ʻāina i uka, kahi i hoʻonoho ʻia ai ke poʻo make o Keinohoʻomanawanui. Kalanipuʻu He lae ma kahi o Niumali, Kauaʻi. I laila i lawaiʻa ai ʻo Kaʻōpele. Kanalua/Kaualua He kahua kaua ma Moanalua, Oʻahu, kahi i kaua ai ʻo Kākuhihewa me Kūaliʻi. Kānepūniu He ʻāina ma kahi o Māʻili, Oʻahu. Kaniukūlou He kahawai ma kahi o Lelepua, Oʻahu. Kapapakōlea ʻO ia kahi ma Moanalua i hiki aku ai ʻo Kaʻōpele i kāna haʻalele ʻana iā Kula, Maui. Keahumoe ʻO ia kahi ma Līhuʻe, Oʻahu i hiki aku ai ʻo Kaʻōpele i kāna haʻalele ʻana iā Kapapakōlea Keakuaʻōlelo He kula ma uka o ʻEwa, Oʻahu, ma kahi paha o Waialua Uka. Keālia He kula ma Waialua, Oʻahi, kahi i kaulana ai ka lei hinahina. Kekuapoai He ʻāina ma uka o ʻEwa, Oʻahu, ma kahi paha o Waialua Uka. Kilia He ʻano puana ʻokoʻa paha, he kiko hewa paha no Hilia. ʻO ia kahi i ʻōlelo ʻia, “moe ka-o-o a ka la i ke kula, hauwalaau i ke kai o Kilia.” Kou He awa ma Kona. I kēia mau lā, ʻo ia ʻo Honolulu Harbor. Koʻiahi He ʻāina Waiʻanae, kaulana i ka maile lau liʻi. Koʻolauloa He moku ma Oʻahu Koʻolina He ʻāina aliʻi ma ʻEwa, Oʻahu, kahi i noho ai ʻo Kākuhihewa. Kona He moku ma Oʻahu.
253 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
Kuaikua He kiʻo wai i uka o Halemano, kahi i ʻauʻau ai ʻo Kalelealuaka a hana i ka ʻoki poepoe. Kualoa He ʻāina ma Koʻolaupoko. Kula Kahi i noho iki ai ʻo Kaʻōpele ma Maui. Kulaokahuʻa ʻO ia kahi e kaua hou ai ʻo Kūaliʻi me Kākuhihewa. Aia ʻo Thomas Square ma Kulaokahuʻa i kēia mau lā. Lauhulu He ʻāina ma Waialua, ma kahi o ʻUkoʻa. Lahuimalo Kahi i hiki aku ai ʻo Kaʻōpele i kāna haʻalele ʻana iā Keahumoe Lelepua He ʻāina i uka pono o ʻEwa ma Waipiʻo, Oʻahu. ʻO ia kahi i pae ai ka pua a Kalelealuaka. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, “uwa ae la ka pihe a na kanaka, me ka huaolelo e puka ana ma ko lakou mau waha, “Ka pua lele hoi– e! Ka pua lele hoi–e!!” a pela aku. A nolaila hoi i kapaia ai kekahi aina malaila, a hiki mai i keia la, oia o Lelepua.” Līhuʻe He ʻāina i uka loa o ʻEwa a me Waiʻanae, ma kahi o Wahiawā. I kēia mau lā, ʻo ia kahi e waiho ala ʻo Schofield. Lualualei He kiʻo wai ma Waiʻanae, Oʻahu Māeaea He kahakai kahi i pae aku ai ke kino hiamoe o Kaʻōpele. Māʻili He ʻāina ma Oʻahu, kahi i hui ai ʻo Kalelealuaka mā me Keinohoʻomanawanui. Mauʻumae ʻO ia kahi ma Waiʻalae i noho ai ʻo Kākuhihewa i kona wā ʻelemakule. I laila ʻo ia i hala ai. Maui He mokupuni, kahi i noho iki ai ʻo Kaʻōpele. Moanalua He ahupuaʻa. Ma laila kekahi mau kaua ma waena o Kākuhihewa me Kūaliʻi. Nahawele/Puʻunahawele He kula ma uka o ʻEwa, Oʻahu, ma kahi paha o Waialua Uka. Napehā He ʻāina i uka kahi e piʻi ana ʻo Maliuhaaino, kahi i hui ai ʻo ia me Kalelealuaka.
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Niumalu He ahupuaʻa ma Kauaʻi, kahi i noho ai ka ʻohana o ko Kalelealuaka makuahine. Nuʻuanu He ahupuaʻa ma Kona. Oʻahu He mokupuni, kahi i noho iki ai ʻo Kaʻōpele. ʻO Kākuhihewa a me Kūaliʻi kekahi mau aliʻi nui ma laila. Aia ka hapa nui o ka moʻolelo ma Oʻahu. Palihāuliuli He ʻāina ma Koʻolau, kahi i noho ai ʻo Kūaliʻi ma hope o kāna eo ʻana iā Kākuhihewa. Pūowaina He ʻāina ma Kona, Oʻahu, kahi i waiho ʻia ai ʻo Maliuhaʻaino e Kalelealuaka i hiki iā ia ke nānā i ke kahua kaua ma Kulaokahua. Puʻukuʻua He kualono pali ma ʻEwa Uka. Puʻuloa He ʻāina ma kai o ʻEwa. I kēia mau lā, kapa ʻia ʻo Pearl Harbor. Pōhākea He ʻāina i uka o Waiʻanae, kahi ala i hele ai mai Waiʻanae a i uka ʻEwa. Waialua He moku ma Oʻahu. Waiʻalae ʻO ia kahi i noho ai ʻo Kākuhihewa i kona wā ʻelemakule. Waiʻanae He ʻāina ma Oʻahu, hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai Kauaʻi. ʻO ia kahi i hiki mua ai ʻo Kalelealuaka mā mai Kauaʻi mai. Waikele He ʻāina i uka o Waipahu, ʻo ia kahi i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ʻo Maliuhaʻaino e Kalelealuaka ma hope o kekahi kaua. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, “Ia hookuuia ana iho nae, e nakele aku ana na opea o ua wahi oopa nei, nolaila, uwa iho la ka pihe a haalele wale, a nolaila i kapaia ai ka inoa o ia aina maluna ae o Waipahu, a oia hoi o Waikele.” Wailua He ʻāina a kahawai paha ma Kauaʻi, kahi o ka heiau ʻo Kahikihaunaka. Wailuku He kahawai. ʻAʻole naʻe i hōʻike ʻia kahi o ia kahawai. Malia paha, he wailuku ko Oʻahu, no ka mea, ʻo ia kahi i pā ai ke kukui i ka maka o Keinohoʻomanawanui a makapaʻa ihola. Waimānalo ʻO ia kahi i noho ai ʻo Napuaikamao/Napuaokamao, i uka o Koʻolina, Oʻahu.
255 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
Waipahu He ʻāina ma ʻEwa, kahi i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ʻo Maliuhaʻaino e Kalelealuaka ma hope o kekahi kaua. Waipiʻo, Hawaiʻi He awāwa kahi i hānau ʻia ai ʻo Kaʻōpele. Waipiʻo, Oʻahu He ʻāina i uka pono o ʻEwa, Oʻahu Waolani He ʻāina i uka o Kapālama a me Nuʻuanu, kahi i hoʻonoho ʻia ai ka ʻoʻopa e Kalelealuaka Walio He kahakai ma kahi o Wailua, Kauaʻi
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PĀKUʻINA N: WELA KA HOKU, KA MALAMA Eia nō ma lalo iho nei ke oli a Lohiʻau, kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai ka pela ʻana no Kaʻōpele. Ua kaha lalo ʻia ka lālani mele.
Wela ka hoku, ka malama – na Lohiau i oli Kapihenui, M. “He Moolelo No Hiiakaikapoliopele.” Ka Hoku O Ka Pakipika. Iulai 03, 1962.
Wela ka hoku, ka malama Wela Makalii kae ole ia Kaulua Kai ehu ka moku, papapa ka aina Haahaa ka lani, kai koo ka Mauna Ha ka moana, popoi Kilauea He halelo o Papalauahi O mai Pele i ona kino He kikili ka ua mai ka lani Nei ke olai ka honua Ha ka Ikuwa, ka Pohakoeleele Ku mai Puna kiekie ka lani Haahaa kaulu o Kaopua Pua ehu maila uka i Keahialaka Pau i ke ahi wai welawela a ka lua Wela i ke ahi au a ka wahine Pakui i ka uahi lehua Ikiiki i ka uahi kanaka Hanu ea ole i ke poi a ka wai I waimaka, eia ka waiwai Ka mohai la he kanaka Ko kanaka hoi e
257 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
PĀKUʻINA P: NĀ LAʻANA ʻO KA MEMEʻA HUNEKUHI-LA NŌ IA Eia nō ma lalo iho nei nā laʻana a pau loa i loaʻa iaʻu i kaʻu heluhelu nui ʻana i ka moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka. Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi helu ma waena o nā kahaapo i helu ʻia ai nā laʻana. He 77 mau manawa a Kaualilinoe i hoʻohana ai i kēia ʻano pilina ʻōlelo.
ʻAtikala Laʻana ʻApelila 09, 1870 I ko laua nei hoea ana aku ma kahi ahui mamua pono mai o ko laua Ka Nupepa Kuokoa hale, (1) o ka ike mai la no ia o ka makuahine, uwe ae la oia me ka leo ʻAoʻao 1, Helu I nui e like me ka mea mau o Hawaii nei.
ʻApelila 09, 1870 Mahope iho, hai mai la ua keiki nei i na makua, i ka i ana mai, "O keia Ka Nupepa Kuokoa mea kupanaha a olua e ike nei ia'u, he puni na'u ka hiamoe. Ina wau e ʻAoʻao 1, Helu I hoomaka ana e moe, (2) o ko'u hele koke aku la no ia me Poliahu ma i ke ao lele.
ʻApelila 09, 1870 Kanu keia i na mea kanu a ulu, a kokoke hoi e oo na mea ai, a e komo Ka Nupepa Kuokoa mai na hua i ka waha, hiki ana ka puni a ua kamaeu nei a kakou, a (3) o ʻAoʻao 1, Helu I ka lilo aku la no ia i ka hiamoe, waiho iho la na mea kanu, pau i ka ai ia e kamaaina.
ʻApelila 09, 1870 Oi moe hoi keia, a i puoho ae ka hana, aohe mea kanu i koe, nolaila, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa haalele iho la keia ia Kula, lele mai keia a noho i Kapapakolea ma ʻAoʻao 1, Helu I Moanalua, Oahu, mahiai no keia a kokoke e komo mai na hua i oo i ka waha, hiki ana no ua puni palaualelo nei ana o ka hiamoe, a (4) o ka hiamoe aku la no ia; a i ala ae no ka hana, ua pau no keia mau mea kanu i ka hoopuhiia.
ʻApelila 09, 1870 Haalele no keia ia wahi, a lele aku la a noho ma ke kula o Keahumoe, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ma Lihue, mahiai hou no keia, a hiki no hoi ua puni nei ana, (5) o ka ʻAoʻao 1, Helu I hiamoe aku la no ia. Oi moe nae hoi keia a ala mai, e ulu ana no ke ko, ua moe a ala mai, ua hele–a palaku ka maia, ua ahuwale hoi ka uwala aohe lepo. Haalele no keia ia wahi, hele aku a noho iuka o Lahuimalo, a noho no keia mahiai, a kokoke no hoi e o-o, hele aku la keia e auau i kahawai, (6) o ka moe aku la noia [pn] i loko o ka wai, a na ka wai i lawe aku kona hiamoe, a pae ana i ke one o Maeaea.
ʻApelila 16, 1870 Na laua la hoi ka hua kena e komo, (7) o ko ia nei komo aku la no ia a Ka Nupepa Kuokoa noho ma kahi i kuhikuhi ia mai ai iaia nei. ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II ʻApelila 16, 1870 A heahea la hoi, (8) o ka hale iho la no ia noho iho, a ao ae ia ea, kii aku Ka Nupepa Kuokoa maua i ka moopuna a maua i wahine nau ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II ʻApelila 16, 1870 Aohe no hoi a ia nei hoole aku, a oiai ua holo iho la no ia mea i ko ia nei Ka Nupepa Kuokoa manao, a (9) o ka moe iho la no ia ilaila. ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II
258
ʻApelila 16, 1870 Na laua la ka hua kena, haule aku la keia iluna o ka nua moena, uhi iho Ka Nupepa Kuokoa la ke kuina kapa, a (10) o ke kulu aku la no ia o ke oe, o Aiea ke awa pae, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II ke lilo la i ka lealea a ka hiamoe.
ʻApelila 16, 1870 (11) O ke ku ae la no ia o kekahi elemakule, a hele ana, a au aku la i ka Ka Nupepa Kuokoa wai halau o Wailua, ke kaukihi wale la ke one o Walio, a hiki ana hoi i ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II Niumalu, aia malaila kahi i noho ai o ka moopuna a laua.
ʻApelila 16, 1870 A holo like ae la ia manao ia lakou a pau, a (12) o ke ku ae la no ia o ua Ka Nupepa Kuokoa elele nei hoi ana. ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II ʻApelila 16, 1870 (13) O ke ala mai la no ia o Kaopele, a noho ana iluna, a holoi i na maka Ka Nupepa Kuokoa i ka wai. ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II ʻApelila 16, 1870 A makaukau mai la no hoi kahi umeke a me kahi ipukai i kekahi Ka Nupepa Kuokoa elemakule; (14) o ka paina iho la no ia o lakou a maona, a (15) o ka puka ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II aku la no ia o lakou nei hele ana; (16) ko lakou nei hele aku la no hoi ia, a kau ae la ka la iluna o Waialeale, hiki ana lakou nei i kauhale.
ʻApelila 16, 1870 (17) O kau hoao ae la no ia, a noho a kane a wahine iho la. Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II ʻApelila 16, 1870 Oi moe aku no hoi laua nei–a a waena konu o ka po, (18) o ke ala ae la Ka Nupepa Kuokoa no hoi ia o ua Kaopele nei, a hele aku la, a hala mai kauhale, (19) o ka pii ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II aku la no ia a kupono i kekahi kula palahalaha e waiho la maluna ae o Niumalu, (20) o ka hoomaka aku la no ia o ua Kaopele nei e mahiai; (21) o ka hele no hoi ia a malamalama, pau ia kula i ke mahiai ia eia nei
ʻApelila 16, 1870 I aku ke kane, “E paa mai hoi ka lima o ka mahiai, e ake no e hana, a Ka Nupepa Kuokoa noho wale ae hoi auanei loaa, aia no ka loaa a huli ke alo o ka lima i ka ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II lepo, (22) o ka waiwai iho la no ia o ka hale a me ka makamaka; o ia hoi e he kama na na’lii, o hiamoe–a kahiku ka la ala ae e ku ana na laulau.”
ʻApelila 16, 1870 A hala ia la a po, hoomoemoe no keia a moe ka wahine, (23) o koia [pn] Ka Nupepa Kuokoa nei ala ae la no ia a hele ana, a komo ana i kekahi hale okoa aku, e ala ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II mai ana no kanaka o loko, a nonoi aku la no keia, “Na’u hoi kekahi aeo a oukou, me ona kihola [pn] (makau) mai no.” ʻApelila 16, 1870 A lako ia mau mea a pau loa, (24) o ko ia nei hele aku la no ia a hiki i Ka Nupepa Kuokoa kahakai, ma ka lae o Kalanipuu, (25) o ko ia nei huli iho la no ia i maunu ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II a loaa, a (26) o ka hoomaka aku la no ia e lawaia. ʻApelila 16, 1870 I loa no a haule aku ka makau iloko o ke kai, (27) o ka apo mai la no ia o Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ka i-a, pa no a make ana iaia nei ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II ʻApelila 23, 1870 A lako ke kaula ka-e-e, (kekahi mea ulu o ka nahelehele, e like la me ka Ka Nupepa Kuokoa hoi a me ke kowali) a makaukau hoi na mea a pau, (28) o ka laweia aku la
259 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
ʻAoʻao 1, Helu III no ia maluna o ka waa, a alikealike o ka moana mawaena o Kauai a me Oahu, a laila i hoopaaia’i na wawae o ua Kaopele nei i ke kaula ka-e-e i hoopaa pu ia hoi me ka pohaku, a kiolaia aku la hoi iloko o ka opu lipolipo o ka moana.
ʻApelila 23, 1870 Ia manawa koke no, (29) o ka holo no ia o ua kanaka nei a hai ana i ke’lii Ka Nupepa Kuokoa no keia mau olelo a laua i kamailio ai me ke keiki. ʻAoʻao 1, Helu III
ʻApelila 30, 1870 (30) Ko ia nei ku ae la no ia hele ana, a ku ana imua o ke’lii. Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu IV ʻApelila 30, 1870 Oi noho aku no hoi keia me na makua, a kukui ia mai ana ka ikaika o Ka Nupepa Kuokoa kekahi kanaka, no Hanalei, aole no keia i hai aku i na makua i kona ʻAoʻao 1, Helu IIV manao, aka, (31) o ke ku ae la no ia hele ana, a hiki ana i Hanalei.
ʻApelila 30, 1870 (32) O ka hoi mai la ia o ua kanaka nei a olelo mai la ia Kalelealuaka, “I Ka Nupepa Kuokoa kauoha mai nei ke’lii ia oe, e hele olua e pahu i ka niu.” ʻAoʻao 1, Helu IV
ʻApelila 30, 1870 (33) O ka uwa ae la no ia o ka pihe a haalele wale, me ka huaolelo e puka Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ana ma ka waha o kela a me keia kanaka, “Ke keiki ikaika–e!” ʻAoʻao 1, Helu IV
ʻApelila 30, 1870 (34) O ka hele aku la no ia o ka makuakane, a hana no hoi i ka waa a Ka Nupepa Kuokoa makaukau, a hapai aku la a hiki i kahakai. ʻAoʻao 1, Helu IV Mei 07, 1870 Haawi like iho la lakou i ka mea mau he aloha, a (35) o ko laua kau ae la Ka Nupepa Kuokoa no ia, a hookahi no mapuna hoe, alikelike o ka moana, a i ka lua no o ka ʻAoʻao 4, Helu V mapuna hoe, owe ana ka waa i ka iliili o Waianae, a pae ana laua nei a kau ana iuka.
Mei 07, 1870 (36) O ka ae aku la no ia o laua nei. Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 4, Helu V Mei 07, 1870 (37) O ke paina nui iho la no ia a maona, a pii aku la lakou nei a kau Ka Nupepa Kuokoa iluna o Pohakea, a nana aku la lakou nei i ka waiho ae a Keahumoe, e ʻAoʻao 4, Helu V ulu ana no ka maia, ua hele a pala luhi ehu i ka ua noe, o ke ko hoi keia, ua hele a hilala Puna i ka hilinai a ke ahi, o ka uwala hoi, ua hele a pakapaka ka ili i ka waiho wale iho no aohe lepo, a pela no hoi ke kalo, ua hele a ili lua, a pela no na mea kanu e ae he nui wale e ulu ana malaila.
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Mei 07, 1870 (38) O ka unuhi ae la no ia o ua Kalelealuaka nei i kana pua mai loko ae Ka Nupepa Kuokoa o ka wahi, a kea iho la. ʻAoʻao 4, Helu V Mei 07, 1870 (39) O ke ne mai la no ia o ua wahi pua nei, a lele mai la no a paa ia laua Ka Nupepa Kuokoa nei, a o ua poe wahine la hoi, ku ae lakou a holo aku la no ka makau, a ʻAoʻao 4, Helu V haalele iho la i na oha ma ka auwai.
Mei 07, 1870 Na ia la ka huaolelo hoi, (40) o ko laua la pii mai la no ia i ka pali a kau Ka Nupepa Kuokoa iluna, a hai aku la i keia mau mea a pau i ko laua hoa. ʻAoʻao 4, Helu V Mei 07, 1870 (41) O ka ae mai la no ia o kanaka i na olelo o ko lakou wahi i noho aku Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ai. ʻAoʻao 4, Helu V Mei 07, 1870 Ke mama nei hoi kekahi poe i ka awa a wali, a hoka no hoi a pau, kihee Ka Nupepa Kuokoa iloko o na apu, a (42) o ka inu ae la no ia o kela a me keia mea, a oki mai ʻAoʻao 4, Helu V la ka ona o ka awa.
Mei 07, 1870 (43) O ka pulehu mai la no ia o Keinohoomanawanui i ke kukui a moa. Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 4, Helu V Mei 07, 1870 I ua Keinohoomanawanui nei nae hoi e pulehu kukui ana, (44) o ke pahu Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ae la no ia o kekahi hua kukui, oia pololei no hoi a pa ana i kekahi maka ʻAoʻao 4, Helu V o ua Keinohoomanawanui nei, a (45) o ke poha no ia o kekahi onohi, a makapaa ana ia maka, a noho akula lakou me ka eha o kekahi o lakou, a ola ae la, pii like mai la no hoi ka nunui o na kino o lakou.
Mei 07, 1870 (46) O ke kii ia aku la no ia o ua poe kahuna nei, a akoakoa nui mai la Ka Nupepa Kuokoa imua o ke alo o ke’lii. ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VI Mei 14, 1870 Eia hoi, i ko Keinohoomanawanui ala ana ae i ke kakahiaka, a puka aku Ka Nupepa Kuokoa la oia iwaho, aia hoi, ike iho la oia i ka pahoa a ke’lii e ku ana mawaho o ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VI ka pa, (47) o kona lele ino aku la no ia a pahu ana maloko, a pane ana i kona mau hoa, “ E ! Auhea olua ?”
Mei 21, 1870 (48) O ka hoomaka aku la no ia o lakou nei e iho–ke iho la lakou nei, ke Ka Nupepa Kuokoa lele la hoi o Kalelealuaka i Kuaikua, aia ia wahi i ka uka o Halemano. ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VII Mei 21, 1870 A pau ae la na mea a pau, (49) o ko Kalelealuaka lele aku la no ia, a ku Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ana ma hope o Kaluhe, me ko lakou ike ole mai iaia nei. ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VII Mei 21, 1870 (50) O ka lalau aku la no ia o ua aiwaiwa nei i kahi oopa a paa ma kahi Ka Nupepa Kuokoa lima, a o kona mau hoa no hoi ma kekahi lima, aia no ka hookuuia ana i ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VII kai o Puuloa.
261 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
Mei 21, 1870 A no ke kahea ole mai o ko laua hoa maka uwahi popolo a pulehu kukui Ka Nupepa Kuokoa inamona no hoi, nolaila, kaha aku la no laua nei hele, a komo ana i ko ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VII laua hale i hoomakaukauia. Ia laua nei no hoi a noho iho, (51) o ka hoka koke mai la no ia o Kakuhihewa i ka awa a pau, a kikikoele, a ku ana i ka apu, a lawe mai la no a hoohainu ia Kalelealuaka.
Mei 21, 1870 A i ka wa hoi i oki mai ai ka ona o ka awa, (52) o ka miki mai la no ia o Ka Nupepa Kuokoa kahi oopa, a kaikai aku la ia Kalelealuaka, a hoomoe iho la mawaena o ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VII na kamalei [pn] a Kakuhihewa, a o ka hoomaka ana no ia o ko laua lilo ana i mau wahine hoao nana a mau aku.
Mei 21, 1870 I ka napoo ana aku no o ka la, (53) o ka hele e iho la no ia o kahi oopa. Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VII Mei 21, 1870 I loa no ia laua la a hala aku, (54) ko ia nei oili ae la no ia lele ana, a hiki Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ma Waianae, papahi ka lei puaniu i ke poo, kau mai la hoi na owili lei ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VII maile lau liilii aala nahenahe o Koiahi i ka a-i.
Mei 21, 1870 (55) O ka hao ae la no ia o ua eu nei i kahi oopa, a hoonoho ia iho la ma Ka Nupepa Kuokoa kahi ahua pali mauka ae o Kaualua [pn], me ka i aku, “Ia nei oe la e ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VII noho ai, a nana ae oe ia’u ; ina hoi au e hele–a i make mai i kela aoao, a o ke ala no keia la hoi ; a ina no hoi e nana ae–a ua lanakila au, o ke ala no keia hoi nos.”
Mei 21, 1870 (56) O ke ku ae la no ia o ua kamaeu nei lele ana, a (57) o ka he e [pn: Ka Nupepa Kuokoa hele] no ia a ma kela aoao mai, (58) o ka luku mai la no ia i ka poe waha ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VII a mai iaia nei, a pau ia, huli hou aku la keia luku i kela aoao
Mei 21, 1870 (59) Ko ia nei luku mai la no ia i na koa o Kualii, a loaa aku la kekahi pu Ka Nupepa Kuokoa kaua o Kualii, a pa a make no iaia nei, a lawe ae la keia i ka ahuula a me ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VII ka mahiole, a momoku ae la keia i ka pepeiao akau a me kahi lima iki akau, a pea ae la no keia heo ana.
Mei 28, 1870 I ke ahiahi nae a ao ae kaua, (60) o ka hele e iho la no ia o kahi pukaua Ka Nupepa Kuokoa oopa a ua o Kakuhihewa. ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VIII Mei 28, 1870 Pane ae ua wahi oopa ne [pn], Ae, e hapai oe ia’u, a o Waialua no hoi Ka Nupepa Kuokoa kou aina. Na ia la ka hua ae, (61) o ko ia nei hului ae la no hoi ia, a ʻAoʻao 1, Helu hoonoho ia iho la iluna o Puowaina. VIII Mei 28, 1870 I kela la kaua mua ea, he ehu ia kanaka, aka he opiopio loa nae; a i keia Ka Nupepa Kuokoa la hoi, he oho lupalupa uliuli, aka, o na hiohiona nae, ua like no ia me ko ʻAoʻao 1, Helu ke kanaka mua, a loaa ae nei no au i Napeha, kahi no hoi o’u i loaai ai i VIII ke kanaka mua, a hapai no hoi keia kanaka ia’u a hoonoho iluna o Puowaina ; (62) o kuu nana no ia a hiki kela i ke kahua kaua, (63) o ka
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uhae hele aku la no ia i na koa o Kualii, a hiki no i ke alo o ka pukaua, i mea mai paha la e pahu i ka ihe, pa e ka ihe i ke pai a ua kanaka la, lele ana i kahi e, a (64) o ka loaa aku la no ia o na wawae o ua pukaua la, a hahaeia aku me he aha la la.
Mei 28, 1870 A no ia la no hoi ka hoi, (65) o ko’u hoi iho la no ia, i ka naue no ka a o Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ke ao no ia.” ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VIII Mei 28, 1870 Ae, e hapai oe ia’u, a o Koolau no hoi kou aina. (66) O ka hao ae la no ia Ka Nupepa Kuokoa o ua Kalelealuaka nei lele ana, a hoonoho ia iho la ua wahi oopa nei ʻAoʻao 1, Helu iluna o Puowaina e like me mamua. VIII
Iune 04, 1870 (65) Ko ia nei noke aku la no ia i ka luku, a loaa aku la ka pukaua nui o Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Kualii, a pa no make iaia nei, a lilo mai la iaia nei ka ahuula, ka mahiole, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu IX ka manamana lima a me ka pepeiao, (67) o ka lele aku la no ia a loaa ua wahi oopa nei, hao mai la no keia hookahi ka lele pu ana, a hiki ma Waipahu, hookuuia iho la ua wahi oopa nei.
Iune 04, 1870 (68) O ko Kaleleauaka lele aku la no ia a hiki i ka hale, huna aku la i na Ka Nupepa Kuokoa mea ana i lawe mai ai e like me ko na la mua, a haule iho la no keia ʻAoʻao 4, Helu IX hiamoe.
Iune 04, 1870 Pane mai la no hoi ua mau wahine nei, “I–e, kuhi no anei oe e ke kane–e Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ua aina maua i ka hana ana la, he pono noho iho la no ka maua me ka ʻAoʻao 4, Helu IX hana ole, e like me ko maua ano alii–aia no a makaukau mai i na kanaka, (69) o ka hele wale aku la no a paina iho la.”
Iune 04, 1870 A hala aku la elele la, (70) o ka hoonoho koke iho la no ia o ua Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Maliuhaaino i na poe kaua ; o ka hele no hoi ia a hiki i ke ahiahi, (71) o ʻAoʻao 4, Helu IX ka naue e iho la no ia o ua wahi oopa nei.
Iune 04, 1870 (72) O ka puka aku la no ia o lakou nei, hele no hoi na wahine a komo Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ana i ko laua hale, a komo no hoi keia i ko ia nei hale, e noho mai ana no ʻAoʻao 4, Helu IX hoi o Kaluhe.
Iune 04, 1870 (73) O ka oili aku la no ia o ua wahi kamaeu nei lele ana, a haule i Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Kapakakolea, pa ana ke kua o kahi oopa i ke pai. ʻAoʻao 4, Helu IX Iune 04, 1870 (74) O ko ia nei hapai ae la no ia i ua wahi oopa nei, a hoonohoia iho la Ka Nupepa Kuokoa iluna o Waolani, a haule iho la no keia luku i ka poe i waha-a ma ka puka ʻAoʻao 4, Helu IX iho o kona hale.
Iune 04, 1870 I ka ike ana hoi o Kualii ua make kona pukaua nui, a o ka paku no hoi ia Ka Nupepa Kuokoa o kona aina, nolaila, holo aku la o Kualii, me kona manao e pakele, aka,
263 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
ʻAoʻao 4, Helu IX alualu ia aku la oia e Kalelealuaka a hiki ma ka nuku o Nuuanu, (75) o ka paa aku la no ia mahope o Kualii.
Iune 04, 1870 O keia no hoi na kahiko o na pukaua a Kualii. I kahi e no lakou e hele Ka Nupepa Kuokoa aku nei, ike e mai la no na wahi oopa la, (76) o ka oni honua iho la no ia ʻAoʻao 4, Helu IX ilalo e kaa ai i ka lepo, me ka i aku ia Kakuhihewa, “O ka ahuula a me ka mahiole i ko kaikamahine hiapo la ea, no ka pukaua ia a Kualii i ka la mua, a i ka lua o ka la, oia kai ka muli mai, a i ke kolu o ka la kaua, oia kai kahi kanaka mahope iho, a o ka ahu no hoi i ko hunona, oia no ka ahu i kela la aku nei.
Iune 04, 1870 (77) O ka wehe koke ae la no ia o ua kamaeu nei a kakou i ka lima hema, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa a ike ia mai la e ka lehulehu a pau e nonoho mai ana e nana i keia mea ʻAoʻao 4, Helu IX kupanaha.
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PĀKUʻINA W: NĀ LAʻANA MANAʻO HAWAIʻI NO KA HAʻI MANAWA Eia nō ma lalo iho nei nā laʻana a pau loa i loaʻa iaʻu i kaʻu heluhelu nui ʻana i ka moʻolelo no Kalelealuaka. Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi helu ma waena o nā kahaapo i helu ʻia ai nā laʻana. He 29 mau laʻana pili i ka haʻi manawa i ka noʻonoʻo Hawaiʻi.
ʻAtikala Laʻana ʻApelila 09, 1870 Ua pau elua koi kukui Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu I ʻApelila 09, 1870 Lawe ae la ka makuakane i ua keiki nei, a waiho aku la ma kekahi Ka Nupepa Kuokoa poopoo pali, a malaila keia i waihoia ai, mai ka malama o Ikiki a hiki i ka ʻAoʻao 1, Helu I malama o Ikua, kui iho la ka hekili, olapa mai la ka uwila, nei hoi ke olai, naueue ae la ka honua, hiolo iho la na pali paa, ua iho la ka ua koko, ʻApelila 16, 1870 Kau ae la ka la iluna o Waialeale Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II ʻApelila 16, 1870 a hiki i ka wa a na eheu o ka po i uhi mai ai Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II ʻApelila 16, 1870 Waena konu o ka po Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II ʻApelila 16, 1870 o hiamoe–a kahiku ka la ala ae e ku ana na laulau Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II ʻApelila 16, 1870 ke hoomaka mai la hoi ka pualena ana o ke ao, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II ʻApelila 16, 1870 wehe mai la no hoi ka pawa o ke ao Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu II ʻApelila 23, 1870 mai ia la a po, a mai ka po a ao, mai ia la a hiki i ka uhi ana iho o na Ka Nupepa Kuokoa koloka o ka po ʻAoʻao 1, Helu III ʻApelila 23, 1870 Poaha Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu III ʻApelila 23, 1870 he eha a elima paha la i hala ae o ka malama o Ikiiki, a hiki i ka po o Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Kalokupau [pn: kaloakupau], o ka malama o Ikuwa, ua like me elima ʻAoʻao 1, Helu III malama a me na la he iwakalua a oi kona moe ana iloko o ka opu o ka moana Mei 07, 1870 Oia moe ko lakou nei–a, a hikilele ana i ka leo o na manu leo lea o ua Ka Nupepa Kuokoa nahele waokele la, a i ala ae ka hana, ua kahiku ka la iluna ʻAoʻao 4, Helu V
265 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
Mei 07, 1870 I loa i kului po a ao ae Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VI Mei 21, 1870 oiai o ka po wale aku no koe, no ka mea, ke kokoke aku la ka la i Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Puukuua, he wahi kualono pali ia. ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VII Mei 21, 1870 I ka napoo ana aku no o ka la Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VII Mei 21, 1870 mai ia po hoi a ao ae, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VII Mei 21, 1870 po a iwaena konu o ke aumoe Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VII Mei 21, 1870 wehe ana kaiao. Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VII Mei 28, 1870 I ke ahiahi nae a ao Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VIII Mei 28, 1870 A mai ia po hoi a malamalama Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VIII Mei 28, 1870 ua kupono loa ka la i ka lolo Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VIII Mei 28, 1870 mai ia po hoi a ohi ka pawa o ke ao, uina ana ka hoe mawaho. Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VIII Mei 28, 1870 i ka naue no ka a o ke ao no ia Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VIII Mei 28, 1870 o ka hele no hoi a kau ka la i ka ili o ke kai Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VIII Mei 28, 1870 mai ia po no hoi a wanaao Ka Nupepa Kuokoa
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ʻAoʻao 1, Helu VIII Iune 04, 1870 a o ka po wale ae no koe, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 4, Helu IX Iune 04, 1870 Ua hele no hoi a kau ka la i ka ili kai Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 4, Helu IX Iune 04, 1870 A mai ia po no hoi a hiki i ke ao ana Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 4, Helu IX Iune 04, 1870 A mai ia po hoi a ao, a i ka mehana ana ae o ka la, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ʻAoʻao 4, Helu IX
267 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
PĀKUʻINA A1: NĀ MELE MAI KA MOʻOLELO O KAMAAKAMAHIʻAI MAI Eia nō hoʻi nā mele a me nā oli i ʻike ʻia i loko o ka moʻolelo o Kamaakamahiʻai. Hōʻike ʻia nō hoʻi ka mea hoʻopuka, ʻo ia hoʻi ma mea oli, a hōʻike ʻia nō hoʻi ke ʻano o ke oli ʻana. He 59 mau mele i huki ʻia maila mai ka moʻolelo mai.
# ʻAtikala Mele/Oli Mea Hoʻopuka, ʻAno
1 Iulai 04, 1870 Ua olioli kai o Haehae, i ke ani a Kalawakua o Kū Ka Nupepa Kuokoa na pali ʻAoʻao 1, Helu III 2 Iulai 09, 1870 A make naʻu na Kamaakamahiai, Kamaakamahiai, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Na ke keiki a Ku, he pahapaha ʻAoʻao 4, Helu IV Moopuna o Manouli, E Pu–ki–e lolea ka auwae. E Ku–e hoomakea ke kanaka !
3 ʻAukake 06, 1870 Kuu hoa pili i ka ua lani polua, me he po la ke ʻAʻole i oli ʻia i Ka Nupepa Kuokoa aumoe o Koolau loko o ka ʻAoʻao 4, Helu VI moʻolelo, akā ua kuhi ʻia e Kaualilinoe e hōʻike mai i ke ʻano o ke kanikau ʻana o Kānaka i ka wā kahiko.
4 ʻAukake 06, 1870 haehae ka manu ke ale mai nei ka wai Kamaakamahiʻai, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa he pahapaha ʻAoʻao 4, Helu VI 5 ʻAukake 13, 1870 A make na’u na Kukaoo, Kamaakamahiʻai, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Na Kamaakamahiai, he pahapaha ʻAoʻao 4, Helu VII I kapa ia iho ai kuu inoa o Kukaakapia E Olopana e lolea ka auwae, E Kukaiulani–e, hoomake ia kanaka.
6 Kepakemapa 24, Aloha wale na lehua i ka nahele, Kuaʻaʻohe 1870 Ua heihehia mai la e ka manu. Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Umu iho la ke oka i ka hapapa, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu X Ke lohi wale iho la no ka malihini, Ua hoka i ka lilo o ka pua, Apo hewa i ka lau o ka akolea, I ka hao-hia o ka nani me ka maikai, E lohe mua la paha wau he 'kua, Nawai no la hoi e hele ka uka,
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O nei nahele kaili aloha–a, E kuu haku–e hoi mai kaua–e.
7 ʻOkakopa 01, 1870 Mapumapu aloha ka leo o ke Koolau, Kāmehaʻikana Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ka leo hea o ka Malualua, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu XI Aloha iho nei maua me ka Ahihi, Pili aloha me ka makani hoihoi ipo e, e hoi, O hoi no a i na kahi, hai aku na’u no keia, Na’u na ka poloka o ka ninalo.
9 ʻOkakopa 01, 1870 O oe ka ia e na lehua i Alakai, Kahelekūlani Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ke puhene ia mai la e ka manu, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu XI He nui hoi na kaua Puananaiea, He punahele na Kalawelawemalia, I lahui no i ka uka o Kawaineki, Ke i mai la ia’u ke anu o Hauailiki, Owau kona hoa pili o Kukalakamanu, O ke kaha i Papaiohuli-la, huli.
10 ʻOkakopa 08, 1870 Hoaloha wale ka la i Heeia i ka malie, Kahelekūlani Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ka halialia o ka maka o ke Kaunoa, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu XII Aloha o’u makua i Kanehoa, Ka hoa o ka po kulolia i ke anu, Ua okioki-a e ka ua ke ko’a o Heeia, Kaawale o Kapapa i ke kai la–e, aloha.
11 ʻOkakopa 08, 1870 Ke uwe mai la ka ohia kumakua i ke anu, Kahelekūlani Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Helelei na wai-maka a ka ua Apuakea. ʻAoʻao 4, Helu XII Ke holoi la i ke oho o ka mahiki, Ua hanupa wale i ke aloha i ka ehu-kai, I ka uaina mai la kaawale ka malanai, Kaawale ka pili aloha me ka makua, He makua he keiki na ka ua holio, I hoopumehana i ka poli o ka mauu–e. Aloha kaua–e.
12 ʻOkakopa 15, 1870 Aia la o kuu kane pua-i-a i ka moana, Kahelekūlani Ka Nupepa Kuokoa I hooipo aloha me kaulana a ka la, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu Ua paa i ka noe ohu o na mauna, XIII Ua lia ka po lia ke ao ia ia, Oia o kuu hoa ipo lau makani, I hoa’loha i ka moe o ka po ke [pn] moe, I moe iho ka hia a hikilele ae i ke aumoe, Apo hewa i ka lau aala o ke kiele, Lea ai na apa a maua me Kulukuina, He hoa kaana ia no’u i ke kehau, O ka uka anu o Maunaloa ke noho–la,
269 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
Oia, o kuu hoa ia o Waikumalani–e.
13 ʻOkakopa 15, 1870 Aole kena o na lehua i Panaewa, Kahelekūlani Ka Nupepa Kuokoa O ka noe lehua maka aala o ka naenae, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu O ka ihu wai anuhea i ka waokele, XIII Ua nohea wale i ka ua a ka awaawa, Aia la i ka piko mauna o Healani, He Ana [pn] poi ka hale e moe mai la, Ua moe aloha i ke anu a ke kehau, He alapahi kena he hoopunipuni, He uluku i ka lohe ana aku nei, Makahehi ka manao a hele mai la, I manao mai la i kane ia i wahine au–e, U–aole o’u makemake moe ia ia.
14 ʻOkakopa 15, 1870 Aloha wale ka pua o ke kookoolau, Waikumailani & Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ke oho maewa o ke kaunoa i ka ua, Kahelekūlani ʻAoʻao 4, Helu Ua pepe wale i ka hau kakahiaka, XIII Me he kapa kalena la i ka malie, Ka pu-a-pu-a i ke Kula o Alele, Ke kino maikai o ka ua Apuakea, Lamalama no i ka pali o Waikulu, O kuu ipo ia o ka Malanai, He hoa no’u i ke kai o Mololani, Aia la i ke kaha o Malaeakuii–e. Akahi no ka ke kuli ia oe. He nui okoa hoi ka leo i hea aku nei, E kuu aloha–e.
15 ʻOkakopa 15, 1870 Ike wale oe i na lehua i ka wekiu, Waikumailani Ka Nupepa Kuokoa I ka lihilihi pua o ke Kamaakahala, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu I ku i ka pali o Hilaniwai, XIII Aloha ke hoa kaana o ka po anu, Pumehana aku i ka umauma o ke hoa, Aohe ia he hoa, he makemake, He kamaaina no ia aina, Ike wale oe i ka ua welau loloa i na pali, He mau hoa ia no kuu lei ahihi, Ina no la i ka uka i Nuuanu–e. Oia, o kuu hoa ia o Kahelekulani–e.
16 ʻOkakopa 15, 1870 O kuu lehua kena i malamalama iki, Kahelekūlani Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Na’u no i kui i ka uka o Kawaikiai, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu He lei, he kahiko no ka ua Paupili, XIII E pili aku ana maua i ke koekoe, A alo aku maua i ka ua me ka makaai, He hoa luana no ke ala ke hele,
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E pili ai maua me ka makemake, Oia owau hui maua, Loaa ka hoa noho o keia pali, Laukanaka ka noho ana o keia uka–la, E–maloko mai hoi–e.
17 Nowemapa 5, Mamina wale a’u pua i Alakai, Kahelekūlani 1870 Ke kui-a mai la e ka makani halaoli, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ke ako-a la na lehua makanoe i ka wai, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu Ahu kumukumu iho la i Kauaikanana, XIV Apo hewa ana au i ka lau o ka amau, Ua lilo ke ala, lilo pu me ke onaona, Loaa ka hana a loko o ke aloha, O ka li-a wale no i ka po a me ke ao, O ke kau-nui aku he ake ka hoi mai, Aohe hoi ua lilo ia Kilioe, Aia la i ka pali o Kalalau-e, Eia no paha ka lalau a leoleo-a, I ka pili no ka a hele no oe, O oe owau haele kaua, Momomoe aku i ke ala ke hele–e, Auwe kuu kane–e.
18 Nowemapa 5, Ua lilo ka naele la i Mahiki, Kahelekūlani 1870 Ua kepakepaia e ka puukolea, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ke hehi-a ku ia mai la e ka malihini, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu Lea ka apa a ka huakai hele ua malie, XIV Ke ako la i ka lau hai wale o ka maile, Puhene aku la i ka lau akolea, Kui pu aku la me na lehua apuakea, Ke kaunu la paha me ka puukolu–e Auwe kuu kane–e.
19 Nowemapa 5, Aloha wale kuu kane waikoloa i ke kula, Kahelekūlani 1870 Ke haupeepee mai la me kanaenae, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa I walea i ka aala o ke kupukupu, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu I ka mapumapu ala o ka manu nene, XIV Hoohihi aku la paha i ka nani o ke kula, Ke lualai la me ka makani kehau, Ke i ae la paha ia nana kona hoa, I hoa paha oe i waihoa aku e a’u, Eia au a hiki aku me Kauulau, Puehu ka hulu o Malamanui–e, Auhea oe ? Hoi mai kaua–e.
20 Nowemapa 5, Aia la o ka noe aloha i Alakai, Kahelekūlani 1870 O kuu hoa kui pua lei i ka nahele,
271 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Hoa ako i na lehua makanoe i ka wai, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu I haku no a paa i ka ua kapa-ahoa, XIV I manao i lei no Maunahina, Hina ka ohia Ku-makua i ka makani, Lilo noho me ka la i Lehua, Koe ka lia ka manao aloha ia ia, O ia la lokoino ia’u i kona hoa e, Eia la, aloha kaua–e.
21 Nowemapa 5, O oe ia e ka maka o ke kaunoa, Waikumailani 1870 I kau no a hiki iluna o ka laau, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Hoomanao mai la au i na la mamua, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu I ke kau a ka pono e waiho ana, XIV Ua koia au e ka hewa a hewa au, Owau o kuu manao ua hewa pu, Kamauli nae e ola ia Ku, O Ku i ke kala o Lono i ka umeke, E ka la e uweke i kuu hewa nei, E holoi i ka ino i pau ka hewa, Kiola kumupaa pau ka aumakua, E kuu wahine e ! aloha kaua e.
22 Nowemapa 5, Eia au la e kuu mea aloha, Waikumailani 1870 Kuu hoa kaana o na po anu, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Hoa lualai o ka po lailai, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu Kuu wahine mai ka makani anu he kehau, XIV Aohe anu he mehana wale no i ka manao, Kuu hoa o ka i-a aumeume pu me ke ahi, I ka waha i ke ahi hoi ke kau wahi, Kuu hoa o ka ai lauoho loloa o ka uka, Ola ai kaua ke noho la, Eia ala–e, kii mai oe ia’u–a.
23 Nowemapa 5, Aloha wale oe e ka noe o ka uka, Waikumailani 1870 E ka ohu kolo i ka maka o ka laau, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa E lawea la e ka ua kakahiaka, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu Aloha kuu hoa o ka aina malihini, XIV Aina makamaka ole a’u i noho ai, O oe hoi o ka wahine ka makamaka, Ke kamaaina hoi o ia kuahiwi, Kuu hoa haku lei lehua o Hilaniwai, Hoa hoomanawainui o ke anu me ke koekoe, Pumehana aku i ka poli o ka maua, Oia nahele anu ke noho kaua–ea, E kuu hoa–e, kii mai oe ia’u.
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24 Nowemapa 5, Aloha no oe e ka Malualuakele, Kahelekūlani 1870 E ka makani anu o kuu aina, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa He aina he hoa aloha no ka pali, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu He kane hoi he ipo no ka ua lipoa, XIV He hoa oe he imi apa i kuu kino, O kuu kino o kuu aloha luhi ia oe, O oe iki hoopanipani ia’u la–ea, Eia la–e, aloha no–e.
25 Nowemapa 5, Aloha olua e o’u makua i Kahiki, Kahelekūlani 1870 Okalakeenuiakane ka aina, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa He aina he kai he moana lipolipo, ʻAoʻao 4, Helu He ewe hoi no’u mau kupuna, XIV Aloha hoi ka uka anu o Maunaloa, Oia uka a’u i noho ai a aloha, Me kuu kahu hanai i ka nahele, Hele mai au noho me kuu hoa, He hoa hoi auanei he makua, He makamaka he kamaaina no keia wahi, He hoa pupuu-anu hoi no ka po–e, Kuu poino, ka ike ole o oukou–e.
26 Nowemapa 12, Ua lai-e ! ua lai ke kaha o Koolau, Keakaokū 1870 I ke kaomi a ka makani kehau, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Moe malie ka ale i ka moana, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu XV Ua kapu Mokapu i ka malua, Ua kapu Nuuanu he Kolowalu, Aheahe ka leo o ke Kahuli, Ioio ka leo o ka hekili, E Kahele, e Kahele, E Kahelekulani-e, Eia au la o Keaka, O ka leo kapu o na lani, Keiki leo hano i ke kaha o Koolau nei la, Owau-ia.
27 Nowemapa 12, Ua lai-e ! ua lai ke kaha o Koolau, Keakaokū (oli ʻia 1870 I ke kaomi a ka makani kehau, ʻelua manawa) Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Moe malie ka ale i ka moana, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu XV Ua kapu Mokapu i ka malua, Ua kapu Nuuanu he Kolowalu, Aheahe ka leo o ke Kahuli, Ioio ka leo o ka hekili, E Kahele, e Kahele, E Kahelekulani-e, Eia au la o Keaka,
273 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
O ka leo kapu o na lani, Keiki leo hano i ke kaha o Koolau nei la, Owau-ia.
28 Nowemapa 12, Aloha wale ka leo ua makani, Kahelekūlani 1870 Ka leo heahea o ka ua Apuakea, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa E hea ana i ke ao makani kualau, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu XV Mapumapu aloha i ka lawelawe malie, Hoa’loha ke kino ka maka o ka ohia, Ka ulupewa makani halaoli, Ke heahea mai la i ke kaha lauhoe, I ka lauhoelauhoe a ka manu–e, O oe ia–e, a o oe no–e.
29 Nowemapa 12, Eia au a hiki aku e ka malie, Kahelekūlani 1870 E ka onohi ula i ka maka o ka la, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ka liko pua hoi o ka lama kopii, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu XV I ku no a pua i ka nahelehele, O ke ano o ka laalaau ka’u i ike, O ka leo o ka manu ai pua-noni, E kikiko’u ana i ke kaha o kaupea la, O oe owau pili kaua–e, e pili–no.
30 Nowemapa 12, Auhea wale ana oe e ke aweawe lehua, Kahelekūlani 1870 E ke kihi lau aala o ke kiele, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ka maka upolu o ka lehua i ka ua, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu XV Nonohe wale i ke kehau kakahiaka, Ke hoopuluia mai la e ka naulu, Pulu aku la paha a'u pua i ka uka, I ka lawe kaiele ia e ka manu–e, Eia wau la–e.
31 Nowemapa 12, O oe ia e Kahele, Keakaoku 1870 E ka wohi kapu o Haena, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ke kuhi aenei no wau, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu XV He mea e la mawaho, Eia no ka o oe–e, Owau hoi.
32 Nowemapa 12, Anoano ka la a ke aloha i hiki mai ai, Kahelekūlani, he 1870 Ka nihina mai a ka moe io’u nei, mele inoa no Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Wehe mai ana i ka poli me he ipo la, Keakaokū ʻAoʻao 1, Helu XV Ko ana ka hanu ala o ka Mokihana, Ka hanu wai-anuhea i ke koekoe, Aala kupukupu ka uka o Malamanui, Hiolani ke ono o ka mauu i ka makani, He kino u-i aa [pn] o ka malualuakele,
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He kino he a-a no ka laau–e a–e, Hoolau ana ke aloha i ke kino, Koi ana ia’u e hele maua, E pii no au a kau ilona, I noho alii no no’u ke aloha–e.
33 Nowemapa 12, Hoolailai ana ke ao makani, Keakaokū 1870 Ke ao opua i Mahele ana, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ke lualai la me Kaiolohia, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu XV Eia au la ua kupanaha, Ua lawe aku ka po i ko’u leo, Ua koe ke kunou me ka awihi, He aloha ka leo ke pane aku–e, Owau hoi.
34 Nowemapa 26, Maikai wale ke oho o ke kukui i ka ua, Kahelekūlani 1870 Hakamaka no i ka luna o Hakeau, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Aohe wahi nani ole o la laau, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu Ua kupu no a ohaoha i ka nahele, XVI Ke moe aku i ka poli o Kawaikini, Pakika pahee i ka limu o Manuakepa, Ko ka mapu hanu ala o ka lehua, Aala anuanu me he lei koeula la, Me pukoa lipoa la i ku moana, I lawea mai e ke ahe makani, Ka pu-ia pu a hiki i ke aloha, Makemake aku la au i ke kino o ia laau, Ke kino ilipahee o ka lapa kopii-e, E pii ana no au a ka piko mauna, Noho ai moku no au i ke aloha–e.
35 Nowemapa 26, Aia la i ke kihi o Kamalama, Kahelekūlani 1870 Iluna i ka pane poo o Kawaiopua, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa He lani he alii no Kulaipo, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu Ua kahiko wale no i ka nani a maikni, XVI Ke ike aku oe i ka oiwi o ke aloha, Me he moa holoholo la i ke kula-e, Oia o ke hoa ia o Hanailani–e.
36 Nowemapa 26, Makau wale au ia oe la e ka moo, Ke kahu hānau o 1870 Ke alai ke kiai o kuu haku, Hanailani Ka Nupepa Kuokoa He haku he alii na’u oi’la, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu O kuu kino nae he kino make, XVI He mau iwi waiho mahope o ka haku. E hele no au e moe imua, A make au ia oe pono–e.
275 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
37 Nowemapa 26, Ua makau paha ka lehua i ka ua, Kahelekūlani 1870 Ke hopo la i ka loa o ka nahelehele, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Kuihe ka huakai pii mauna, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu I ke alai a ka ua hewa ka malihini, XVI Ke kuemi la i ka ino o ka uka, Ke i ae la e kaikai i ke kino o ka laau, I ke kino hoomakau o ka wahine, I moe hookupua i ke kula la, E moe ana i ka olu a ka makani, I ke aheahe a ka makani Malanai, Papuhea i ka ili o ke Kupua, Ka wahine noho pali o Iolekaa, E Kamehaikana–e, E ku e hoi e hookanaka ka pono, I hiki ka malihini a nobo i ka hale–e, Hoi mai–e.
38 Nowemapa 26, O oe ia e na lehua iluna o Waialeale, Kahelekūlani 1870 I aina e ka manu a pohe ka pua. Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Maikai ka ili o ke kalukalu la i Kewa, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu Aloha wale ia mauu hai wale i ka wai, XVI O ka wai o ke kai noho no i Wailua, Alua kaua la e ke aloha–e. Aloha ana au ia oe i ke aka makani, I ka lau wale no o ka lihilihi, He lihi ko’u aia ia oe, O hele nae a hiki i Haleolono, A looa ka pono ka pili mailaila mai, Hoi mai oe pili kaua–e, Aloha no–e.
39 Nowemapa 26, Ke kulou mai la ka pua la i ka nahele, Kahelekūlani 1870 Ua puia paha i ka ino o ke kuahiwi, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ua ohila ka noe i ka nani o ka uka, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu Kaukoo mai a hiki maanei, XVI O ke aha iho la ka mea o ke kulou ana, Hele mai no a pili ae kaua, I noho kaua a kupa me ke aloha–e, He mai hoi-e.
40 Kēkēmapa 10, E Kukao-o–e Kaaeamoku 1870 Kaohiakumakua i ka nahele, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa I moe i ka wai o Iao a lelo ka io, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu E hea au e lohe oe XVII O ka lono ka pono a hele mai I koalaala kakahiaka i ka onohi kanaka.
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41 Kēkēmapa 10, Ina he pepeiao ko olua, e hoolohe mai, i keia la Kaaeamoku, 1870 olua e ike ai i ke keiki kui hala o Puna, kai olelo i he pahapaha Ka Nupepa Kuokoa ka mahiki, eia ka laau nana e kaka aku i na iwi o ʻAoʻao 1, Helu olua XVII
42 Kēkēmapa 10, Aloha wale kuu hoa laumakani, Kahelekūlani 1870 He makua no ka wao ke noho ia, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Noho aloha kaua i ka poli o ka ahihi, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu Hoohihi ka manao koi ana ia loko, XVII Me he mea la e i ae ana e hele au, E hoi aku a ka poli o ka makua, Kuu makua i ka hale wai o ka uka, Ola kaua i ka i-a laulele wale aku no, I ka ai eli i ka honua ke ola, Ola ai kaua ke noho la, E noho oe a manao mai, Maliu iki mai oe iaʻu–e, Aloha no–e.
43 Kēkēmapa 10, Waienuhea [pn] wale hoi oe la e ke aloha, Kahelekūlani 1870 Kanihina mai hoi a ka moe a loaa au, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ke kono nei i kuu waimaka e hanini, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu E aneane ana no wau e uwe, XVII He uwe aloha i ka makani keahu, I ke aheahe a ka leo o ke kai, Me he mea e i mai ana la ia’u ka leo, Eia au o ka noe a hiki aku, Hiki ke aloha ke hoa lau makani, Ka mea nana e hoala ko’u po–e, Ala ka po noho-u i ko hiki mai, A hiki mai no oe pono au–e, Aloha no–e.
44 Kēkēmapa 10, Aloha wale ka leo o ke Kahuli leo lea, Kāmehaʻikana 1870 Aia la ke hone mai la i ka pili o ke ao, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa E uwe ana i ke aka [pn] lawe a ka manu, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu He uwe aloha i ka pili makua o ka uka, XVII Ke hea mai la iaʻu ka leo o ka Iiwi, E uwalo mai ana iaʻu e hele aku, Eia au a hiki aku e ka lehua i ka uka, Owau ooe [pn] ka ke aloha e kono nei, Huhuhui a kaua i ke kai o Keauau–e, E au ka malihini o pulu i ka ua, E lawe kahi kapa e huna ma ke kua, O ike auanei i ka ua la makau,
277 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
Hopuhopualulu ka huakai hele, Hahaki hewa i ka pua o ka lehua, Hapuku i ka lau me ka pua, Puia ka huakai hele e ka ino–e, Ua ino au–e.
45 Kēkēmapa 10, Eia au la e Koolau wahine, Kāmehaʻikana 1870 E ka makani lawe aala i ka wao, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Puia pu ai ka nahele i ke onaona, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu Noho-u no kai o Kaohao, XVII Ke kuhi la no kai o Mokolea, Aole aia la ma ke kaha o Malaeakuli--e, He kuli anei ko olua he lohe ole, A lohe aku anei huna iho--e.
46 Kēkēmapa 10, Aohe i makau Mahiki i ka ua, Kahelekūlani 1870 Aole i hopo i ka ino o ka puukolea, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa I loa no i ka ua awa i ka ihe mai, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu He malie wale no kai o Waipio, XVII E akahele nae ka helena a ka malihini, E nihi no o Hina i ka puukolea, O ka hele no ka pono a noho malie, Aohe hoi ke kolohe i ke one o Wahinekapu--e, Ua kapu.
47 Kēkēmapa 24, Ua lai–e, ua lai ke kaha o Koolau, Keakaokū me 1870 I ke kaomi a ka makani kehau, kāna puʻa Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Moe malie ka ale i ka moana, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu Ua kapu Mokapu i ka Houlua, XVIII Ua kapu Nuuanu he kolowalu, Aheahe ka leo o ke Kahuli. Ioio ka leo o ka hekili, E Kamehai, e Kamehai, E Kamehaikana–e, Eia au la o Keaka, O ka leo kapu o na lani, Keiki leo hano i ke kaha o Koolau nei la, Owau i–a.
48 Kēkēmapa 24, He akua wale hoi ka hiki la e Haumea, Keakaokū me 1870 Nanau wale ka ike ole ana mai, kāna puʻa Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ke kuhi mai paha ia’u la he aumakua, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu I manao ai oe a me ka luau e ike ai, XVIII E ike hookanaka no kaua, He kulia, he manao no ko’u ia oe, A hiki mai la pono au, I hoa, i kokoolua no keia wahi anu,
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O ka lohe kou a hele mai–e.
49 Kēkēmapa 24, Ua lai–e, ua lai ke kaha o Koolau, Keakaokū me 1870 I ke kaomi a ka makani kehau, kāna puʻa Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Moe malie ka ale i ka moana, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu Ua kapu Mokapu i ka Hoolua, XVIII Ua kapu Nuuahu he kolowalu, Aheahe ka leo o ke kahuli, Ioio ka leo o ka hekili, E Keoho–e, E Keoho, E Keoholaumaewa–e, Ua moe anei o–e?
50 Kēkēmapa 24, Makai ke ala ma Kaelepulu, Keakaokū me 1870 Ma ka lae kahakai o Kaohao, kāna puʻa Ka Nupepa Kuokoa He loa ke kula o Alelele ke hele, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu He koke-koke wale no ke one o Oneawa, XVIII Kaha iki mai i Kaluapuhi, Loaa na hale i Kalauawa, Eia au la o Keaka, O ka leo kapu o na lani, Keiki leo hano i ke kaha o Koolau nei la, A owau i–a.
51 Kēkēmapa 31, Ua hanau Kahiki a Maheha, Kahelekūlani 1870 Ua hemo ka ua ka la maka enaena, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ike mai la no ke kini o ka lewa, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu I ka hanau ana o ke’lii, XIX He’lii he wohi kapu na Kapunohuula, Ke hoike nei ka ua me ka makani, E hai ana i ka makani Koolauwahine, A aia ka lani la ua hemo mai la, E ike ka aina ka moku o Kane, Ua lono Ulukaa he’lii kapu, He pulapula na ka po i hanau mai la, Ua lohe na moku o Kahiki, Ala ka ua me ka makani, Ala mai na eu o ke kai, Ala hoi na pae aina o Maulani–e, Aia la ua hemo mai nei–e.
52 Kēkēmapa 31, O ka uiui ka hoi ku i ka nahele, Kahelekūlani 1870 O ka ninau ka ka ua apuakea, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Owai la ka inoa o Kaulanamauna, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu E ui loa ae ka pono ia Malio, XIX I haina mai au e ka Oo, E ka manu ai pua ohai o Kekaha,
279 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
I ai hoonuu i ka wai o ka ilima. Ua ana ke kupa i ka wai a ka Naulu, Ke hai mai nei ka po ia’u, O Olopana kukahi o ka moku, O ka inoa ia o Kalanikauiluna–la, A o ka inoa ia o Olopana–e.
53 Kēkēmapa 31, Aloha wale ka la o Hoohila, Kahelekūlani 1870 Ka la maka enaena la i ke kula, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ke kahiko iho la i ke oho o ke pili, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu Pili ke oho lau maewa i ka nahele XIX Ua kaukai aku ka huakai hele o Koolau, O ka hiki mai o ka makua, A hiki mai oe hele au, Owau no o oe hele kaua, Nonoho–a kaua i ka uka anu. I kela nahele anu la i ke kehau, He auhau na ka po i kuu kino, He ono honua na ka a-i, I lia ai ka po a ai i ka oopu, I na ko ku pali hoi o Makana, I na kalo a ka po i kanu iluna–e, Auhea o–e, hele mai ho–i.
54 Kēkēmapa 31, Nani ke oho o ke kupukupu o Kanehoa, Kahelekūlani 1870 Lupea no i ka hau o Kalena, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Aala ka hanu o ka mauu nene, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu I ka hoope ia e ka ua kakahiaka, XIX Ala na maka o ka palai o ka uka, Ala no lia i ke anu a ka Waikoloa, Kuku pono na lihilihi o ka lehua i ka ua, Pehu ke kowali ua honi i ka wai, Aloha mai la au ia Malamanui, I ke kula o Pulee i Kanoenoe, O oukou ka’u e uwe ae nei, I ka hele o maua me kuu aloha, Koe iho oukou i kauhale, I kulana hale hoi o kakou, Aloha no–e.
55 Ianuali 14, 1871 Aloha wale ka liko pua o ke kalukalu, Kahelekūlani Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ke oho lau aala o ka awapuhi, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu XX Ua pe wale i ka nua kapa o ke Koolau, I na kuina paiula a ka Eelekoa, I kukua e ka makani Halaoli, I na nao hoopai a ke onaona,
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Paa na kuina a ka ua kualau, Aahu a’u pua hala i Kekele, A’u pua hanu aala i ke kehau, I noho a aloha i ka ua Apuakea, He kupa no laua no ke Koolau, He Kamaaina no Kulaipo–e, Poina wale hoi au ia oe e ke aloha, I na hana hoi a ka manao e lia ne–i, Aloha no–e.
56 Ianuali 14, 1871 Luuluu ka nahele i ka nee a ka ua, Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ua kaumaha i ka hookina a ka noe, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu XX Hele a pilihua ka uka i ka awapuhi, I pilihua i ka hana a ka ua awaawa, Halalilali ke anu i na kuahiwi, E ake aku ana e ike i na pua ala, E kaukai aku no nae a ike i ke kaunoa, Ia’u mau pua i ka wekiu–e, Me he kiu la ke alona [pn] e makai nei, Ke noho paa a ka mamano i ke kanaka, Loaa naue ole i ka makani–e, Aloha no–e.
57 Ianuali 21, 1871 Aloha wale kuu kama la i Kahiki, Kahelekūlani Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ke noho mai la i paia paa o ka lani, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu E noho ana i ka moku lewa i ke kai, XXI I walea i na maia ku kanaloa i ka wao, Ke alualu la i na wahine noho makalae, I ka ahai i ka wai a ka naulu, Ke aumeume la ka malihini Ua puni i ka hana a ke kamaaina, I ka epa ia e ke kupa oia wahi—e, Aloha ino no—e.
58 Ianuali 21, 1871 Ua piha kui loko i ka olioli, Keakaokū Ka Nupepa Kuokoa I ka ikena aku nei he la koa, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu He la ikaika no kuu kama alii XXI No kuu haku o keia mau la, E pua o ana ko kino la e ka lani, E lilo ana ka ihe i waiauau, I puu pale hoi no kuu kamalei, I lei aloha ka ihe me ka pololu, I hoa kaana hoi no ka la koa No ka la ikaika la e kuu alii, Eia ka la la puni ka aina—e.
59 Ianuali 21, 1871 Nani wale no hoi ke koa la e Olopana, Keakaokū
281 NĀ PĀKUʻINA
Ka Nupepa Kuokoa Ka la hoi a ka ikaika i hai mai ai, ʻAoʻao 1, Helu He koa ua haina mai e ko kupuna, XXI Ua ike ka poe o ka po ia oe, O oe o lakou puni ko aina. Lea no ka apa i kou makua la e kuu keiki, He pa no no ka aina i ka la kahi, Lea ka hiamoe a ka elemakule, Kuu ka luhi la e, kuu haku—e.
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