Toro Energy Limited Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

APRIL 2016

TORO ENERGY LIMITED EXTENSION TO THE WILUNA URANIUM PROJECT FLORA AND VEGETATION CONSOLIDATION AND CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT

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Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Document Status Approved for issue Rev. Author Reviewer Date Name Distributed to Date 0 M. Hay M. Macdonald 15/07/2015 M. Macdonald A. Tandy 24/07/2015 A. Worland 1 M. Macdonald M. Hay 23/10/2015 M. Macdonald 30/10/2015 L. Chandler A. Worland 2 M. Macdonald M. Hay 02/03/2016 S. Grein 02/03/2016 L. Chandler A. Worland 3 M. Hay S. Grein 01/04/2016 S. Grein 01/04/2016 L. Chandler A. Worland 4 M. Hay S. Grein 09/04/2016 S. Grein 09/04/2016 L. Chandler A. Worland 5 M. Hay S. Grein 19/04/2016 S. Grein 19/04/2016 L. Chandler A. Worland 6 M. Hay/S. Grein S. Grein 21/04/2016 S. Grein 21/04/2016 L. Chandler

ecologia Environment (2016). Reproduction of this report in whole or in part by electronic, mechanical or chemical means including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, in any language, is strictly prohibited without the express approval of Toro Energy Limited and ecologia Environment.

Restrictions on Use This report has been prepared specifically for Toro Energy Limited. Neither the report nor its contents may be referred to or quoted in any statement, study, report, application, prospectus, loan, or other agreement document (with the exception of when this document is required to be publicly released as part of a statutory approval process), without the express approval of Toro Energy Limited and ecologia Environment. ecologia Environment 1/244 Lord Street PERTH WA 6000 Phone: +61 (08) 6168 7200 Email: [email protected]

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

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Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW ...... 1

2 LITERATURE REVIEW ...... 3 2.1 PREVIOUS FLORA AND VEGETATION SURVEYS ...... 3 2.2 THREATENED AND PRIORITY ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES ...... 11

3 METHODS ...... 13 3.1 GUIDING PRINCIPLES ...... 13 3.2 DATABASE SEARCHES ...... 13 3.3 CONSOLIDATION OF DATA ...... 14 3.4 VEGETATION UNIT DELINEATION AND MAPPING ...... 16 3.5 VEGETATION CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT ...... 17 3.6 STUDY TEAM ...... 17

4 CONSOLIDATED RESULTS ...... 19 4.1 FLORA ...... 19 4.2 VEGETATION ...... 34

5 DISCUSSION ...... 57 5.1 VEGETATION CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT ...... 57

6 REFERENCES ...... 69

TABLES

Table 2.1 – Summary of flora and vegetation assessments conducted in the area ...... 8 Table 2.2 – Beard vegetation mapped in the study area ...... 9 Table 2.3 – PECs within 50 km of the study area ...... 11 Table 3.1 – Surveys used for the vegetation consolidation ...... 14 Table 3.2 – Study team ...... 17 Table 4.1 – Priority flora recorded during the consolidation ...... 19 Table 4.2 – New, potentially new and atypical flora taxa recorded during the consolidation ...... 21 Table 4.3 – Range extensions recorded during the consolidation ...... 24 Table 4.4 – Introduced flora taxa recorded during the consolidation ...... 32 Table 4.5 – Vegetation units mapped at and in the vicinity of the study area ...... 35 Table 5.1 – Comparing Beard vegetation mapping and vegetation units for regional significance ...... 58 Table 5.2 – Local conservation significance of vegetation units ...... 64

iii

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Table 5.3 – Comparison of significant vegetation from previous flora and vegetation assessments ...67

FIGURES

Figure 1.1 – The Wiluna Uranium Project and the Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project ...... 2 Figure 2.1 – Beard vegetation mapped in the study area ...... 10 Figure 2.2 – PECs recorded within 50 km of the study area ...... 12 Figure 3.1 – Quadrats used for the vegetation consolidation ...... 15 Figure 4.1 – Priority flora recorded during the consolidation ...... 20 Figure 4.2 – New taxa recorded during the consolidation ...... 22 Figure 4.3 – Potentially new taxa recorded during the consolidation ...... 23 Figure 4.4 – Range extensions recorded during the consolidation ...... 31 Figure 4.5 – Introduced flora taxa recorded during the consolidation ...... 33 Figure 4.6 – Vegetation mapping overview map ...... 45 Figure 4.7 – Vegetation mapping: West Creek Borefield ...... 46 Figure 4.8 – Vegetation mapping: Lake Way Deposit ...... 47 Figure 4.9 – Vegetation mapping: Roads ...... 48 Figure 4.10 – Vegetation mapping: Centipede and Millipede Deposits ...... 49 Figure 4.11 – Vegetation mapping: Haul Road ...... 50 Figure 4.12 – Vegetation mapping: Haul Road ...... 51 Figure 4.13 – Vegetation mapping: Haul Road ...... 52 Figure 4.14 – Vegetation mapping: Haul Road ...... 53 Figure 4.15 – Vegetation mapping: Lake Maitland Deposit ...... 54 Figure 4.16 – Vegetation mapping: Lake Maitland Borefield ...... 55

APPENDICES

Appendix A Electronic Appendices...... 71 Appendix B Dendrogram ...... 75

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT OVERVIEW In 2012 and 2013 Toro Energy Limited (Toro) was granted State and Commonwealth approval for implementation of the “Wiluna Uranium Project” which is based on mining Uranium at two locations, the Centipede and Lake Way deposits. Toro has recently acquired two more deposits, Millipede and Lake Maitland, and is seeking environmental approvals for mining of these deposits, as well as for the development of a haul road and a water supply borefield. The two satellite pits, together with the borefield and the haul road are known as the “Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project”. The Wiluna Uranium Project and Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project (study area) are shown in Figure 1.1. The Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project is located on Barwidgee and Lake Way Stations, with the northern end (Millipede deposit) located approximately 25 km south-east of Wiluna and the southern end (Lake Maitland deposit), located approximately 100 km south-east of Wiluna, and an 80 km haul road connecting the two. The Wiluna Uranium Project is located on Lake Way Station, with the northern end (Lake Way deposit) located approximately 10 km south-east of Wiluna and the southern end (Centipede deposit) located directly east of the Millipede deposit, and includes a road connecting the two and the West Creek Borefield, located approximately 6 km south of Wiluna (Figure 1.1). Based on comments received from the Office of the Environmental Protection Authority (OEPA) on the draft Environmental Scoping Document for the extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project, Toro commissioned ecologia Environment (ecologia) to undertake an analysis of the flora taxa and vegetation communities occurring at the study area. This report has also been revised to address responses to public submissions to Toro’s Public Environmental Review for the Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project.

200000 240000 280000 320000 360000

Lake Way Deposit WONGAWOL ROAD

7040000 Centipede (black) & Millipede (red) Deposits

SANDSTONE WILUNA ROAD

GOLDFIELDS HIGHWAY

Haul Road

YEELIRRIE ROAD BARWIDGEE ROAD BARWIDGEE

BARWIDGEE YANDAL ROAD MOUNT FISHER WONGANOO ROAD WONGANOO ROAD

Lake Maitland Deposit 7000000

Legend ALBION DOWNS YEELIRRIE ROAD Wiluna Uranium Project Development Envelope Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Development Envelope Tecticornia dominated communities Lake Maitland Lake Way

0 10 20 Figure: 1.1 Drawn: MY The Wiluna Uranium Project and Project ID: 1625 Date: 19/04/2016 Kilometres Coordinate System the Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 K Projection: Transverse Mercator Absolute Scale - 1:600,000 Datum: GDA 1994 A4 Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 PREVIOUS FLORA AND VEGETATION SURVEYS

2.1.1 Lake Way and Centipede (Outback Ecology 2007) A Level 2 flora and a vegetation assessment was conducted during October 2007 for the Lake Way and Centipede Deposits as part of the Wiluna Uranium Project (Outback Ecology 2007). The survey included 108 quadrats (each 30 x 30 m) and sampled 132 vascular flora taxa with no significant flora recorded (Table 2.1). The introduced *Lysimachia arvensis was recorded (as *Anagallis arvensis) from one location at the Lake Way Deposit. Twenty-two vegetation units were described, including significant vegetation units: Me1 (Melaleuca xerophila mid density low forest) which is generally restricted to a narrow band along the lake edge; and halophytic vegetation which is considered significant due to unique community assemblages. Outback Ecology concluded that the following vegetation units are of conservation significance: • Ha1 (Halosarcia indica subsp. leiostachya and Halosarcia auriculata dense low heath over Eragrostis spp. very sparse grass). Ha1 was recorded at eight quadrats at Centipede Deposit and one quadrat at the Lake Way Deposit. • Ha2 (Halosarcia indica subsp. bidens, Atriplex bunburyana and Frankenia sp1 mid density low heath). Ha2 was recorded at a single quadrat associated with a drainage channel flowing into Lake Way at the Lake Way Deposit. • Ha3 (Halosarcia spp., Frankenia spp. mid density low heath over Eragrostis spp. and Aristida contorta sparse open grass). Ha3 was recorded at six quadrats at the Lake Way Deposit and one quadrat at the Centipede Deposit. • Te1 (Tecticornia tenuis and Halosarcia auriculata mid density low heath over Eragrostis spp. very sparse grass). Te1 was recorded at two quadrats at the Centipede Deposit and two quadrats at the Lake Way Deposit. • Te2 (Tecticornia arbuscula, Maireana amoena and mixed species sparse dwarf scrub over Triodia melvillei sparse hummock grass and Eragrostis spp. sparse grass). Te2 was recorded at three quadrats from a chain of claypans to the east of the Lake Way Deposit. • Fr1 (Frankenia spp. and Muellerolimon salicorniaceum and mixed species low density heath over Aristida contorta sparse grass). Fr1 was recorded at one quadrat at the Lake Way Deposit. • Fr2 (Frankenia spp. and Halosarcia calyptrata mid density low heath over Eragrostis spp. very sparse grass). Fr2 was recorded from one quadrat at Centipede Deposit. • La1 (Lawrencia helmsii and Halosarcia indica subsp. leiostachya very sparse dwarf scrub over Ptilotus obovatus var. obovatus very sparse herbs over Eragrostis spp. very open grass). La1 was recorded at one quadrat associated with a claypan at the Centipede Deposit and two quadrats from claypans at the Lake Way Deposit. • Ly1 (Lycium australe, Cratystylis spinescens and mixed species mid density heath over Eragrostis spp. mid density grass). Ly1 was recorded from one quadrat from a claypan at the Lake Way Deposit.

2.1.2 Lake Maitland (Outback Ecology 2009) A Level 2 flora and a vegetation assessment was conducted during May 2007, November 2007 and May 2009 for the Mega Uranium Lake Maitland project (Outback Ecology 2009). The survey included 91 quadrats (each 30 x 30 m) and sampled 244 vascular flora taxa with one potential Priority 3 flora taxon (Maireana ?prosthecochaeta) and five range extensions (Acacia aneura var. cf. major, Acacia

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment brumalis, Acacia maxwellii, Acacia scleroclada and Sida kingii). The introduced taxon, *Tribulus terrestris was recorded from one location at Lake Maitland. Thirty-one vegetation units were described, including significant vegetation unit KRE (Low woodland of Eucalyptus striaticalyx and Grevillea sarissa subsp. bicolor over low scrub of Lawrencia helmsii, Sclerolaena fimbriolata and Tecticornia aff. undulata.) which is restricted to several areas to the south of Lake Maitland (Table 2.1).

2.1.3 Lake Way, Centipede and West Creek Borefield (Niche 2011)

A Level 2 flora and a vegetation assessment was conducted during April 2010, June 2010 and September/October 2010 for Lake Way, Centipede and West Creek Borefield Deposits as part of the Toro Wiluna Uranium Project (Niche 2011). The survey included 264 (30 x 30 m) quadrats (including resampling of the Lake Way and Centipede quadrats from the Outback Ecology (2007) survey). Niche recorded 428 vascular flora taxa, including six Priority flora taxa (two Priority 1 taxa: Eremophila congesta and Tecticornia sp. Lake Way, and four Priority 3 taxa: Eremophila arachnoides subsp. arachnoides, Stackhousia clementii, Homalocalyx echinulatus and Mirbelia stipitata), twenty-four range extensions (Brachyscome iberidifolia, *Centaurea melitensis, Cratystylis subspinescens, Cynanchum floribundum, Dicrastylis doranii, Disphyma crassifolium subsp. clavellatum, Dysphania truncata, Euphorbia biconvexa, Frankenia interioris, Frankenia sp. cf. glomerata, Gnephosis angianthoides, ?Gompholobium simplicifolium (as ?Otion simplicifolium), Gunniopsis rodwayi, Gunniopsis septifraga, Isoetopsis graminifolia, Maireana amoena, Maireana appressa, Murchisonia volubilis, Nicotiana rotundifolia, Polygala isingii, Ptilotus murrayi, Scaevola tomentosa, Senna manicula and Trachymene ceratocarpa) and four atypical variants (Frankenia ?interioris and Frankenia sp. cf. glomerata, which are also listed above as range extensions, and Scaevola spinescens and Rhagodia drummondii). Four introduced flora species (*Acetosa vesicaria, *Brassica tournefortii, *Centaurea melitensis and *Sonchus oleraceus) were also recorded (Table 2.1).

Thirty-four vegetation units were described, including the following seven potentially significant vegetation units: • BIF (Open low woodland of Acacia aneura var. aneura) occurs in the West Creek Borefield and is considered potentially significant as it is restricted to banded ironstone formation and is suitable habitat for the Priority 1 Eremophila congesta. • Ca1 (Open low woodland of Eucalyptus gypsophila) is considered significant as it provides habitat for the Priority 3 Eremophila arachnoides subsp. arachnoides and as calcrete vegetation of the north-eastern goldfields is considered at risk from grazing, feral animals (goats) or changed fire regimes (Cowan 2001). • Ca2 (Low woodland of Acacia species) is considered significant as it provides habitat for the Priority 3 Eremophila arachnoides subsp. arachnoides and as calcrete vegetation of the north- eastern goldfields is considered at risk from grazing, feral animals (goats) and changed fire regimes (Cowan 2001). • Cr (Woodland of Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. obtusa) is associated with West Creek in the West Creek Borefield. Cr is considered potentially significant as it is restricted to an area of 32 ha associated with West Creek. • Fr1 (Fringing closed low forest of Melaleuca xerophila) occurs along the margin of Lake Way at both the Lake Way and Centipede Deposits. Fr1 is considered at risk from changed fire regimes (Cowan 2001). • Sh complex (includes vegetation units: Sh1: Open low woodland of Acacia species; Sh2: Low woodland of Acacia aneura var. aneura; Sh3: Low forest of Acacia rhodophloia; Sh4: Low woodland of Acacia ayersiana; Sh5: Low open woodland of Acacia aneura var. aneura; and

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Shdl: Low woodland of Acacia aneura var. aneura). Sh complex is associated with sandstone hills and is considered significant as habitat for the Priority 1 Eremophila congesta. • Sl1 (Low heath of Tecticornia species) occurs around the edges of Lake Way and is considered to consist of a potentially unique assemblage of species.

2.1.4 Tecticornia review (Actis 2012) The Tecticornia specimens collected during the surveys supporting the Lake Way, Centipede and West Creek Borefield flora and vegetation assessment (Niche 2011) were identified by Dr. Kelly Shepherd (Senior Research Scientist at the Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Parks and Wildlife) and reports and data reviewed by Samphire specialist Bindy Datson (Actis 2012). A total of 231 specimens were collected from the salt lakes, including 168 Tecticornia specimens. These specimens represented 21 Tecticornia taxa, including 16 recognised taxa (species, subspecies or phrase name taxa), two of which are Priority flora: • Tecticornia sp. Lake Way (P. Armstrong 05/961) (Priority 1); and • Tecticornia cymbiformis (Priority 3). An additional five unrecognised (potentially new) taxa were also recorded: • Tecticornia sp. aff. laevigata; • Tecticornia sp. aff. pruinosa; • Tecticornia sp. aff. undulata; • Tecticornia sp. halocnemoides beaked seed aggregate; and • Tecticornia sp. nov. Three vegetation units described in Niche (2011) were identified in Actis (2012) as being potentially groundwater dependent: • Fr1 (Fringing Melaleuca xerophila); • Cp2 (Dwarf scrub Cratystylis subspinescens); and • Sl1 (Low Heath D Tecticornia spp.)

2.1.5 Millipede (Niche 2014) A Level 2 flora and a vegetation assessment was conducted in April 2010, June 2010, September/October 2010 and October 2013 for Millipede Deposit as part of the Toro Wiluna Uranium Project (Niche 2014). The survey included 30 quadrats (30 x 30 m) which recorded 185 vascular flora taxa and included two Priority flora taxa (both Priority 3 taxa: Eremophila arachnoides subsp. arachnoides and Stackhousia clementii). No introduced flora species were recorded. Ten vegetation units were described, including two significant vegetation units: Ca1 (Low woodland of Acacia species) which is considered to be of significance due to the presence of the Priority 3 Eremophila arachnoides subsp. arachnoides; and Sl (Low heath of Tecticornia species) which is considered to be of significance due to the presence of potentially new (undescribed) species and the presence of the Priority 3 Stackhousia clementii (Table 2.1).

2.1.6 Millipede to Lake Maitland Haul Road (ecologia 2015c) A Level 2 flora and a vegetation assessment was conducted in June 2014, October 2014, January 2015 and March 2015 of the haul road alignment between the Millipede and Lake Maitland Deposits as part of the Toro Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project (ecologia 2015c). The survey included 130 quadrats (30 x 30 m) which recorded 223 vascular flora taxa and included five Priority flora taxa (three Priority 3 taxa: Cratystylis centralis, Stackhousia clementii and Tecticornia cymbiformis, and

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment two Priority 4 taxa: Eremophila pungens and Frankenia confusa). Three introduced flora species were recorded (*Bidens bipinnata, *Cucumis ?lanatus and *Tribulus terrestris). Twelve vegetation units were described, including two significant Tecticornia vegetation units: S (Tecticornia spp., Frankenia cinerea, Maireana villosa and Atriplex amnicola sparse low shrubland) and V (Tecticornia spp., Cratystylis subspinescens, Maireana amoena and Sclerolaena diacantha sparse mid shrubland, over Eragrostis falcata sparse tussock grassland) which are considered to be of significance due to the presence of potentially new (undescribed) species and restricted distribution (Table 2.1). All Tecticornia specimens from this assessment were provided to Dr. Kelly Shepherd (Senior Research Scientist at the Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Parks and Wildlife) for identification however the identifications had not been completed at the time that ecologia prepared this report and were therefore further discussed in ecologia’s (2015a) Tecticornia assessment (see section 2.1.7).

2.1.7 Assessment of Tecticornia Communities of Lake Way and Lake Maitland (ecologia 2015a) A Tecticornia assessment was conducted at Lake Way and Lake Maitland in November 2014 and January 2015 as part of the Toro Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project (ecologia 2015a). The survey included the identification of 134 specimens from 162 quadrats (3 x 3 m) as well as 77 specimens for the haul road survey (ecologia 2015c). All Tecticornia specimens were provided to Dr. Kelly Shepherd (Senior Research Scientist at the Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Parks and Wildlife) for identification. Thirty-five Tecticornia entities were recorded at or in the vicinity of the study area, which included: Three Priority flora: • Tecticornia sp. Lake Way (P. Armstrong 05/961) (Priority 1); • Tecticornia sp. Sunshine Lake (K.A. Shepherd et al. KS 867) (Priority 1); and • Tecticornia cymbiformis (Priority 3). Seven novel Tecticornia species: • Tecticornia aff. halocnemoides s.l. 'large ovate seed aggregate'; • Tecticornia aff. halocnemoides s.l. 'tuberculate seed'; • Tecticornia sp. aff. Burnerbinmah (inflated fruit); • Tecticornia sp. aff globulifera (small); • Tecticornia sp. aff laevigata (non-rotated fruitlets); • Tecticornia sp. aff pruinosa (inflated bracts); and • Tecticornia sp. aff. undulata (broad articles). Seven potentially novel taxa: • ?Tecticornia sp. aff. globulifera (small); • Tecticornia aff. halocnemoides (unusual epidermis); • Tecticornia sp. aff. laevigata; • Tecticornia sp. aff. pruinosa; • Tecticornia sp. aff. undulata; • Tecticornia sp. halocnemoides beaked seed aggregate; and • Tecticornia sp. Nov. Four range extensions: • Tecticornia halocnemoides subsp. catenulata;

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

• Tecticornia moniliformis; • Tecticornia pterygosperma subsp. pterygosperma; and • Tecticornia tenuis. Nine Tecticornia complexes were described, which are considered to be of significance due to the presence of potentially new (undescribed) species and/or restricted distribution (Table 2.1). • T1: Tecticornia laevigata, T. sp. aff globulifera (small) and T. sp. aff. undulata (broad articles) sparse low shrubland; • T2: Tecticornia peltata, T. sp. aff globulifera (small), T. sp. aff. undulata (broad articles) and T. sp. Sunshine Lake (K.A. Shepherd et al. KS 867) sparse low shrubland; • T3: Tecticornia sp. Dennys Crossing (K.A. Shepherd & J. English KS 552) (+/-T. indica, T. sp. aff. undulata (broad articles), T. sp. aff globulifera (small) and T. sp. Sunshine Lake (K.A. Shepherd et al. KS 867)) sparse low shrubland; • T4: Tecticornia sp. Burnerbinmah (D. Edinger et al. 101) and T. sp. aff globulifera (small) (+/-T. indica subsp. leiostachya and T. aff halocnemoides s.l. 'large ovate seed aggregate') sparse low shrubland; • T5: Melaleuca xerophila tall sparse shrubland, over T. cymbiformis, Dissocarpus paradoxus, and Frankenia laxiflora low shrubland, over Enneapogon caerulescens and Eragrostis dielsii sparse tussock grassland; • T6: Frankenia fecunda (glabrous leaf variant) and T. disarticulata (+/-T. indica subsp. bidens) low sparse shrubland, over Aristida holathera and Eragrostis falcata sparse tussock grassland; • T7: Cratystylis subspinescens, Maireana amoena and Sclerolaena diacantha (+/-T. laevigata and T. indica) sparse mid shrubland, over Eragrostis falcata sparse tussock grassland; • T8: Tecticornia spp. (T. indica subsp. bidens, T. sp. aff pruinosa, T. laevigata, T. sp. aff. undulata, T. peltata and T. sp. halocnemoides (beaked seed aggregate) sparse low shrubland; and • T9: Acacia victoriae and Melaleuca xerophila scattered tall shrubs, over Lycium australe and Cratystylis subspinescens sparse mid shrubland, over Tecticornia spp. (T. indica subsp. bidens, T. sp. aff pruinosa, T. laevigata, T. sp. aff. undulata, T. peltata and T. sp. halocnemoides (beaked seed aggregate) sparse low shrubland.

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Table 2.1 – Summary of flora and vegetation assessments conducted in the area Taxa Quadrats Veg. Significant Reference Report Timing (genera/ Significant flora Significance Introduced flora (size) units vegetation families) Outback Lake Way and Me1 Restricted 108 132 *Lysimachia arvensis Ecology Centipede flora Oct 2007 None reported 22 (30x30 m) (65/32) Halophytic Restricted, (as *Anagallis arvensis) (2007) and vegetation vegetation New species Outback Lake Maitland May 2007 91 244 Maireana ?prosthecochaeta (P3) Ecology flora and Nov 2007 31 KRE Restricted *Tribulus terrestris (30x30 m) (78/36) 5 range extensions (2009) vegetation May 2009 Eremophila congesta (P1) BIF Priority flora Tecticornia sp. Lake Way (P1) Lake Way, Ca1 Priority flora Eremophila arachnoides subsp. *Acetosa vesicaria Centipede and Ca2 Priority flora Niche Apr/Jun 10 264 428 arachnoides (P3) *Brassica tournefortii West Creek 34 Cr Restricted (2011) Sep/Oct 10 (30x30 m) (161/57) Stackhousia clementii (P3) *Centaurea melitensis Borefield flora Fr1 At risk Homalocalyx echinulatus (P3) *Sonchus oleraceus and vegetation Sh complex Priority flora Mirbelia stipitata (P3) Sl1 Unique 24 range extensions and 4 atypical variants Tecticornia sp. Lake Way (P1) Fr1 Potential GDE Actis Tecticornia As for Niche (2011) Tecticornia cymbiformis (P3) - Sl1 Potential GDE - (2012) review 5 potentially undescribed Tecticornia taxa Cp2 Potential GDE Apr/Jun 10 Eremophila arachnoides subsp. Ca1 Priority flora Niche Millipede flora 30 185 Sep/Oct 10 arachnoides (P3) 10 Tecticornia None reported (2014) and vegetation (30x30 m) (100/40) Restricted, Oct 2013 Stackhousia clementii (P3) vegetation Sig. Flora Cratystylis centralis (P3) Millipede to Jun 2014 Stackhousia clementii (P3) S/V *Bidens bipinnata ecologia Lake Maitland Oct 2014 130 223 Tecticornia cymbiformis (P3) 12 (Tecticornia Restricted *Cucumis ?lanatus (2015c) Haul Road flora Jan 2015 (30x30 m) (93/34) Eremophila pungens (P4) communities) *Tribulus terrestris and vegetation Mar 2015 Frankenia confusa (P4) 5 range extensions & 2 atypical variants Tecticornia sp. Lake Way (P1) 162 Lake Way and Tecticornia sp. Sunshine Lake (P1) Restricted, ecologia Nov 2014 (3x3 m) 65 All Tecticornia Lake Maitland Tecticornia cymbiformis (P3) 9 Sig. Flora, None reported (2015a) Jan 2015 along 15 (27/11) communities Tecticornia 7 new Tecticornia taxa, 6 potentially new, 4 Unknown transects range extensions Note: unique = vegetation containing a unique combination of species; new species, sig. flora, Priority Flora & unknown = presence of flora of conservation significance within vegetation unit; GDE = Groundwater Dependent Ecosystem; Restricted = vegetation unit potentially restricted in distribution; At risk = based on Cowen (2001) changes to fire regimes.

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

2.1.8 Beard vegetation mapping The vegetation of Western Australia was originally mapped at the 1:1,000,000 scale by Beard (1976) and was subsequently reinterpreted and updated to reflect the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) standards (Shepherd et al. 2001). Thirteen vegetation associations have been mapped within the study area. These are described in Table 2.2 and shown in Figure 2.1. Of these, unit 125 (Bare areas; salt lakes) and 560 (Mosaic: Shrublands; Acacia ramulosa scrub/succulent steppe; Samphire) were the most widespread. Eight associations are considered restricted in the region, of which association 561: Succulent steppe with low woodland; Mulga over saltbush is the most regionally restricted of those mapped at the study area with 8,966 ha mapped within the Murchison IBRA bioregion (Table 2.2). Table 2.2 – Beard vegetation mapped in the study area % total area Vegetation Area mapped in Area mapped in mapped in the code Vegetation association (Beard 1976) the study area the Murchison Murchison & (% (Shepherd et (ha) (ha) regional al. 2001) distribution) Medium woodland; coolabah <0.1% 11 9,195 (Eucalyptus microtheca) 2.3 (Restricted) 44.1% 18 Low woodland; Mulga (Acacia aneura) 12,435,564 144.9 (Widespread) Sparse low woodland; Mulga, 10.5% 29 2,974,137 discontinuous in scattered groups 94.0 (Widespread) 4.1% 39 Shrublands; Mulga scrub 1,152,458 9.1 (Moderate) 0.2% 40 Shrublands; Acacia scrub, various species 59,230 6.0 (Restricted) Hummock grasslands, shrub steppe; 9.9% 107 Mulga and Eucalyptus kingsmillii over 2,794,374 105.9 (Widespread) hard spinifex 2.5% 125 Bare areas; salt lakes 712,038 1,399.7 (Moderate) Low woodland; Mulga & Acacia 0.2% 182 51,015 ramulosa 3.6 (Restricted) Shrublands; mulga and Acacia <0.1% 188 11,990 sclerosperma scrub 21.6 (Restricted) Succulent steppe with open scrub; 0.7% 204 scattered Mulga & Acacia sclerosperma 186,550 439.9 (Restricted) over saltbush & bluebush Mosaic: Shrublands; Acacia ramulosa 0.3% 560 84,797 scrub / succulent steppe; Samphire 693.6 (Restricted) Succulent steppe with low woodland; <0.1% 561 8,966 mulga over saltbush 38.5 (Restricted) 1.4% 676 Succulent steppe; Samphire 383,163 152.6 (Restricted) Note: Widespread = a large proportion (>9%) of the Murchison is mapped as these units, Moderate = a moderate proportion (1.5-9%) of the Murchison is mapped as these units, Restricted = very small proportion (<1.5%) of the Murchison are mapped as these units.

220000 240000 260000 280000 300000 320000

11 29 107 204 140 188

18 560

7040000 561 125

1271

204 560 204

107 18 7020000

39 18

29 107

107

7000000 676

Legend

Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area 182 Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area

0 10 20 Figure: 2.1 Drawn: MH Project ID: 1625 Date: 09/04/2016 Kilometres Beard vegetation mapped in the study area Coordinate System Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Absolute Scale - 1:440,000 K Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4 Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

2.2 THREATENED AND PRIORITY ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES No Commonwealth or State listed TECs were recorded as occurring within 50 km of the study area (Table 2.3, Figure 2.2). Five PECs were recorded within the study area, however they are underground invertebrate assemblages and are not pertinent to the flora and vegetation. The closest PECs that are relevant to the flora and vegetation are the Wiluna West vegetation complexes (Banded Ironstone Formation), approximately 20 km west and the Violet Range vegetation complexes (Banded Ironstone Formation), approximately 40 km south of the study area. Table 2.3 – PECs within 50 km of the study area Community Category Within study area Albion Downs calcrete groundwater assemblage type on Carey Priority 1 No palaeodrainage on Albion Downs Station Barwidgee calcrete groundwater assemblage type on Carey palaeodrainage Priority 1 Yes on Barwidgee Station Hinkler Well calcrete groundwater assemblage type on Carey Priority 1 Yes palaeodrainage on Lake Way Station Lake Violet south and Lake Violet calcrete groundwater assemblage types Priority 1 Yes on Carey palaeodrainage on Millbillillie Station Lake Way South calcrete groundwater assemblage type on Carey Priority 1 No palaeodrainage on Lake Way Station Millbillillie Bubble Well groundwater calcrete assemblage type on Carey Priority 1 No palaeodrainage on Millbillillie Station Uramurdah Lake calcrete groundwater assemblage type on Carey Priority 1 Yes palaeodrainage on Millbillillie Station Violet Range (Perseverance Greenstone Belt) vegetation complexes Priority 1 No (banded ironstone formation) Wiluna BF calcrete groundwater assemblage type on Carey palaeodrainage Priority 1 Yes on Millbillillie Station Wiluna West vegetation complexes (banded ironstone formation) Priority 1 No Yeelirrie calcrete groundwater assemblage type on Carey palaeodrainage Priority 1 No on Yeelirrie Station

160000 200000 240000 280000 320000 7080000

GOLDFIELDS HIGHWAY

GRANITE PEAK LAKE VIOLET ROAD

WILUNA NORTH ROAD

Legend WONGAWOL ROAD Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area PEC Albion Downs calcrete groundwater

assemblage type on Carey palaeodrainage BARWIDGEE ROAD

7040000 on Albion Downs Station Barwidgee calcrete groundwater assemblage type on Carey palaeodrainage on Barwidgee Station Hinkler Well calcrete groundwater assemblage type on Carey palaeodrainage on Lake Way Station Lake Violet south and Lake Violet calcrete groundwater assemblage types on Carey YEELIRRIE ROAD palaeodrainage on Millbillillie Station MOUNT FISHER WONGANOO ROAD Lake Way South calcrete groundwater WONGANOO ROAD assemblage type on Carey palaeodrainage on Lake Way Station Millbillillie Bubble Well groundwater

7000000 calcrete assemblage type on Carey palaeodrainage on Millbillillie Station

GIDGEE ROAD Uramurdah Lake calcrete groundwater assemblage type on Carey palaeodrainage on Millbillillie Station SANDSTONE WILUNA ROAD Violet Range (Perseverance Greenstone BARWIDGEE YANDAL ROAD Belt) vegetation complexes (banded ironstone formation) Wiluna BF calcrete groundwater assemblage type on Carey palaeodrainage on Millbillillie Station Wiluna West vegetation complexes (banded ironstone formation) Yeelirrie calcrete groundwater assemblage

6960000 type on Carey palaeodrainage on Yeelirrie Station

0 10 20 Figure: 2.2 Drawn: MH Project ID: 1625 Date: 20/10/2015 Kilometres PECs recorded within 50 km of the study area Coordinate System Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 K Projection: Transverse Mercator Absolute Scale - 1:750,000 Datum: GDA 1994 A4 Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

3 METHODS

3.1 GUIDING PRINCIPLES This flora and vegetation consolidation assessment was undertaken to supplement previous surveys that are undergoing an Environmental Impact Assessment process in WA and is required to address the following government legislation: • EPAs Position Statement No. 3: Terrestrial Biological Surveys as an Element of Biodiversity Protection (EPA 2002); and • Guidance Statement No. 51: Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia (EPA 2004). Specifically, this report will provide: • A review of background information used for the flora and vegetation conservation assessment (including literature and database searches); • Maps and details of any significant flora identified in the literature review; • An inventory of vegetation types occurring at the study area, incorporating recent published and unpublished records; and • A map and detailed description of vegetation types (to NVIS Level V: Association) occurring in the study area and an assessment of which vegetation units represent Threatened or Priority Ecological Communities.

3.2 DATABASE SEARCHES Using the shapefile of the haul road of the Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project area a search of the DPaW Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities Database (Search reference 25-0514EC) with a 50 km buffer was undertaken in September 2014, to locate TECs and PECs previously recorded in the vicinity of the study area.

Nationally Listed Threatened Ecological Communities Ecological communities are naturally occurring biological assemblages associated with a particular type of habitat (DEC 2010). At a national level, flora and Threatened Ecological Communities (TECs) are protected under the Commonwealth EPBC Act. A search of the EPBC protected matters search tool was undertaken to locate matters of national environmental significance.

State Listed Threatened Ecological Communities DPaW also maintains a list of state listed TECs which are further categorised into three subcategories, much like those of the EPBC Act. Within the Western Australian classification, an ecological community will be listed as Vulnerable "when it has been adequately surveyed and is not Critically Endangered or Endangered but is facing a high risk of total destruction or significant modification in the medium to long-term future”. A search of the DPaW state listed TEC Database for the study area was conducted.

State Listed Priority Ecological Communities DPaW maintains a list of Priority Ecological Communities (PEC). PECs include potential TECs that do not meet survey criteria, or that are not adequately defined. A search of the DPaW Priority Ecological Communities Database for the study area was conducted.

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

3.3 CONSOLIDATION OF DATA A number of finer scale surveys have been conducted for the Wiluna Uranium Project and the Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project (see Section 2.1). Data from the flora and vegetation surveys listed below was used to conduct the flora and vegetation consolidation: • Outback Ecology (2007): Lake Way and Centipede baseline vegetation and flora survey; • Outback Ecology (2009): Lake Maitland: baseline vegetation and flora surveys; • Niche (2011): Assessment of the flora and vegetation of: Lake Way, Centipede and West Creek Borefield; • Niche (2014): Assessment of the flora and vegetation of: Millipede; • ecologia (2015c): Millipede to Lake Maitland Haul Road Level 2 flora and vegetation assessment; and • ecologia (2015a): Assessment of Tecticornia associated with Lake Way and Lake Maitland. There have been 10 separate phases of assessments conducted at or in the vicinity of the study area which were included in the statistical analysis for the vegetation consolidation (Table 3.1). Five- hundred and six quadrats (all 30 x 30 m) were surveyed at and in the vicinity of the study area during these assessments and these are mapped in Figure 3.1.

Table 3.1 – Surveys used for the vegetation consolidation Report Survey Phases Reference Lake Way and Centipede baseline vegetation and flora survey 1: October 2007 Outback Ecology (2007) 1: May 2007 Lake Maitland: baseline vegetation and flora surveys Outback Ecology (2009) 2: October 2009 Assessment of the flora and vegetation of: Lake Way, 1: April-June 2010 Niche (2011) Centipede and West Creek Borefield 2: Sept-Oct 2010 Assessment of the flora and vegetation of: Millipede 1: October 2013 Niche (2014) 1: June 2014 Millipede to Lake Maitland Haul Road Level 2 Flora and 2: October 2014 ecologia (2015c) vegetation assessment 3: January 2015 4: March 2015

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0 10 20 Figure: 3.1 Drawn: MH Project ID: 1625 Date: 09/04/2016 Kilometres Quadrats used for the vegetation consolidation Coordinate System Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Absolute Scale - 1:440,000 K Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4

)" Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

3.4 VEGETATION UNIT DELINEATION AND MAPPING Vegetation units are delineated based on shared characteristics such as the vegetation structure, dominant species and species composition. A combination of aerial photography, clustering patterns observed from hierarchical cluster analysis and ground truthing was used to interpret the vegetation patterns and allow for the vegetation mapping. Vegetation units are described based on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) methodology (ESCAVI 2003) and are described to association level (level V) where the dominant growth form, height and crown cover for three species are described for three strata (upper, middle and ground). Vegetation mapping was conducted for a 50,780.8 ha area which included the study area and areas surrounding it.

3.4.1 Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis provides an objective means of defining vegetation units and provides insight into the hierarchical relationship between communities based on the degree of similarity in species composition and abundance. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the site by species matrix from the quadrats completed during all the surveys listed in Table 3.1. The site by species matrix was treated in the following manner: • Data was transformed to presence/absence, rather than cover weighted to reduce observer bias; • Taxa were removed from the data or in some cases grouped together if they could not be confidently identified to species level and there was a possibility of confusion with other similar taxa; • All Tecticornia species were consolidated into one ‘Tecticornia sp.’ entity as they were either not provided in the data or identifications were inconsistent between projects; • Annual taxa were removed; and • Subspecies and varieties of the same species were combined. An association matrix was calculated from the site by species data using the Bray-Curtis coefficient in PATN v3.11. This was then used to perform a hierarchical cluster analysis using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean. The clustering patterns from the resultant dendrogram were used to delineate vegetation units which were then described on the basis of the most prevalent species within the unit as a whole. The site by species matrix used for the analysis is provided electronically in Appendix A and the dendrogram in Appendix B. A combination of aerial photography, clustering patterns observed from the dendrogram, and ground truthing was used to interpret the vegetation patterns, which was subsequently used to inform vegetation mapping.

3.4.2 Tecticornia Vegetation Community Mapping During the statistical analysis all Tecticornia species were combined due to the lack of taxonomic clarification of the genera and high variation of terminology between projects. This resulted in four very broad Tecticornia communities being delineated (S, T, U and V) which were combined for this assessment into one Tecticornia dominated vegetation unit – TECT. Further refinement of the Tecticornia dominated vegetation at the study area was conducted by ecologia (2015a).

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

3.5 VEGETATION CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT Vegetation communities were assessed for National, State, regional and local significance. National significance refers to those features of the environment which are recognised under legislation as being of importance to the Australian community; in particular TECs listed under the EPBC Act are regarded as nationally significant. State significance refers to those features of the environment that are recognised under State legislation as being of importance to the Western Australian community, in particular communities listed as TECs or PECs under the WC Act are of state significance. Regional significance addresses the representation of species and habitats at a biogeographic regional level. Vegetation communities that are restricted to the Murchison bioregion and whose distributions are limited or unknown are considered regionally significant. Regional significance of vegetation was assessed using Beard vegetation mapping at the study area and in the Murchison to determine potential regional distribution. As the Beard mapping was conducted at a large scale it does not always accurately represent the mapped communities at the study area, especially the minor details including drainage channels, creeklines and hill slopes. If a vegetation unit mapped at the project area can be attributed to a Beard vegetation unit, it can be used to loosely determine the potential extent of this community in the region. Local significance is when a species or vegetation unit is confined to a specialised habitat type that is not locally common and potentially restricted to the local area and whose disturbance or removal may lead to local extinction. A local vegetation conservation assessment will be conducted based on regional distribution, presence of significant flora, vegetation condition, average species richness as well as whether or not it is part of a known significant community (i.e. TEC, PEC etc.).

3.6 STUDY TEAM This vegetation consolidation conducted by ecologia was planned, coordinated, executed and reported by those summarised below in Table 3.2. Table 3.2 – Study team Project staff Name Qualification Role Project role Matthew Macdonald PhD (Botany) Principal Ecologist Reporting, project management Melissa Hay B.Sc. (Hons) Senior Botanist Reporting

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

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Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

4 CONSOLIDATED RESULTS

4.1 FLORA

4.1.1 Priority flora Twelve Priority flora taxa were identified from the flora and vegetation assessments included in this consolidation. They are listed in Table 4.1, mapped on Figure 4.1 and coordinates are provided electronically in Appendix A. Table 4.1 – Priority flora recorded during the consolidation Taxon Reference Location and population description Priority 1 Recorded extensively throughout the West Creek Borefield and Eremophila congesta Niche (2011) one location west of the Millipede Deposit. Niche (2011) Tecticornia sp. Lake Way (P. Recorded from previously known location approximately 10 km Actis (2012) Armstrong 05/961) to the south of the Centipede/Millipede Deposits at Lake Way. ecologia (2015c) Tecticornia sp. Sunshine Lake ecologia (2015c) Recorded commonly at both Lake Maitland and Lake Way. (K.A. Shepherd et al. KS 867) Priority 3 Cratystylis centralis ecologia (2015c) Two locations to the west of the Lake Maitland Deposit. Three large populations were described. One population at Niche (2011) Eremophila arachnoides subsp. Centipede Deposit (5,440 individuals) one population north of arachnoides^ Lake Way Deposit (9,211 individuals) and one population Niche (2014) approximately 100 km north of Wiluna (18,000 individuals). Recorded from the West Creek Borefield. No abundance details Homalocalyx echinulatus^ Niche (2011) or locations available. One record in the south-east of Lake Maitland. A targeted search by ecologia (November 2014 and January 2015) of Outback Ecology Maireana ?prosthecochaeta approximately 23 km in and around the location of the original (2007) record, and areas of similar habitat (ecologia 2015b) suggests that this was an identification error and unlikely to occur here. Collected from adjacent to Gunbarrel Highway during the Mirbelia stipitata^ Niche (2011) regional survey. Not recorded in the study area. Two populations were reported, one at the West Creek Niche (2011) Borefield (114 individuals) and one west of the Centipede Deposit/Millipede Deposit (500-1,000 individuals). Stackhousia clementii One population of between 500 and 1,000 individuals in a Niche (2014) minor tributary in the south of the Millipede Deposit. One location with 5 individuals recorded in a minor tributary in ecologia (2015c) the south of the Millipede Deposit. Recorded at one quadrat at Lake Maitland. No coordinates Actis (2012) available, so has not been included. Tecticornia cymbiformis ecologia (2015c) Significant population (5,480 individuals) at Lake Maitland, including fringing the main lake bed and a small salt pan to the ecologia (2015a) west of Lake Maitland (intercepting the Haul Road alignment). Priority 4 A significant population of over 2,000 individuals was recorded Eremophila pungens ecologia (2015c) from the Millipede to Lake Maitland haul road. Frankenia confusa ecologia (2015c) Scattered individuals on edge of Lake Way and Lake Maitland. ^ = no coordinates available

160000 200000 240000 280000 320000 360000

Inset A: Lake Way Deposit Inset B: Millipede (red) & Centipede (black) #*Deposits#* #* Inset C: Lake Maitland Deposit #*#*#*#*

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") Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

4.1.2 New, potentially new and atypical flora taxa The new, potentially new and atypical taxa identified from the flora and vegetation assessments included in this consolidation are listed in Table 4.2. The new and potentially new taxa are mapped on Figure 4.2 and Figure 4.3 respectively, and coordinates are provided electronically in Appendix A. Table 4.2 – New, potentially new and atypical flora taxa recorded during the consolidation Taxa Location and population description New taxa (ecologia 2015a) Lake Way: Common on the edge of the main salt lake and minor tributary to the Tecticornia aff. halocnemoides s.l. south of Millipede/Centipede. 'large ovate seed aggregate' Lake Maitland: Common on the main lake bed and trail of small salt pans that run to the south. Tecticornia aff. halocnemoides s.l. Lake Maitland: Common on the main lake bed and trail of small salt pans that run 'tuberculate seed' to the south. Tecticornia sp. aff. Burnerbinmah Lake Way: Recorded scattered along the minor tributary in the south of Millipede. (inflated fruit) Lake Way: Very common on the edge of the main lake bed and minor tributaries. Tecticornia sp. aff. globulifera Lake Maitland: Very common on the main lake bed and on the trail of small salt (small) pans to the south. Lake Way: Common on the main lake bed and minor tributaries. Tecticornia sp. aff. laevigata (non- Lake Maitland: Common on the main lake bed and the small salt pan trail that rotated fruitlets) runs south. Tecticornia sp. aff. pruinosa Lake Maitland: Scattered on the main lake bed. (inflated bracts) Lake Way: Common on the main lake bed and minor tributaries. Tecticornia sp. aff. undulata (broad Lake Maitland: Very common on the main lake bed and on the trail of small salt articles) pans to the south. Potentially new taxa (ecologia 2015a & Niche 2011) ?Tecticornia sp. aff. globulifera Lake Way: Scattered on the main lake bed. (small) Lake Maitland: Scattered on the trail of small salt pans that run to the south. Tecticornia aff. halocnemoides Lake Maitland: Scattered at one location in the trail of small salt pans that run to (unusual epidermis) the south. Lake Way: Common on the main lake bed of the Centipede and Millipede Tecticornia sp. aff. laevigata Deposits and on the main tributary that runs north from the Lake Way Deposit. Lake Way: Very common on the main lake bed of the Centipede/Millipede and Tecticornia sp. aff. pruinosa Lake Way Deposits. Also recorded on the minor tributaries of both areas. Lake Way: Very common on the main lake bed of the Centipede/Millipede and Tecticornia sp. aff. undulata Lake Way Deposits. Also recorded on the minor tributaries of the Lake Way Deposit. Tecticornia sp. halocnemoides Lake Way: Common on the main lake bed and the minor tributary running north beaked seed aggregate from the Lake Way Deposit. Tecticornia sp. Nov. One location in a regional quadrat. Located 8 km east of the Centipede Deposit. Atypical Taxa (ecologia 2015a & Niche 2011) Frankenia ?interioris^ Recorded in the Centipede and Lake Way study area. Frankenia sp. aff. fecunda (glabrous Recorded south of the Millipede/Centipede Deposits. lead variant) Frankenia sp. cf. glomerata^ Recorded at the West Creek Borefield area. Rhagodia drummondii^ Scattered in the Lake Way Deposit and regionally near Lake King. Common across the Centipede and Lake Way Deposits and the West Creek Scaevola spinescens^ Borefield. Surreya ?diandra One location in the south-western section of the Millipede Deposit. ^ = no coordinates available

160000 200000 240000 280000 320000 360000

Inset A: Lake Way Deposit Inset B: Millipede (red) & Centipede (black) Deposits Inset C: Lake Maitland Deposit

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4.1.3 Range extensions The range extensions identified from the flora and vegetation assessments included in this consolidation are listed in Table 4.3 and locations are mapped on Figure 4.4. Coordinates are provided electronically in Appendix A. Table 4.3 – Range extensions recorded during the consolidation Flora taxon (reference) Comment Distribution This taxon was recorded from two locations north of Lake Acacia aneura var. cf major Maitland. Without a reference specimen, the identity of Not recorded from WA this species is difficult to establish given the recent (Outback Ecology 2009) taxonomic changes within the Acacia aneura complex.

Without a reference specimen, the identity of these Acacia brumalis specimens is difficult to establish.

(Outback Ecology 2009) Recorded at the southern end of the Lake Maitland Deposit.

Acacia heteroneura var. Recorded from one location on a sandplain on the haul jutsonii road. Nearest record approximately 150 km west of the

study area. (ecologia 2015c)

Without a reference specimen, the identity of this species Acacia maxwellii is difficult to establish.

(Outback Ecology 2009) Recorded at the southern end of the Lake Maitland Deposit.

Without a reference specimen, the identity of this species Acacia scleroclada is difficult to establish.

(Outback Ecology 2009) Recorded to the south-east of the Lake Maitland Deposit.

Brachyscome iberidifolia^ This record is not considered to represent the limit of the range of this species, given that there are collections from (Niche 2011) further into the arid zone than the project location.

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Flora taxon (reference) Comment Distribution

Recognition of a range extension for an introduced species *Centaurea melitensis^ may have management implications, but is not relevant to impact assessments. Recorded from the West Creek (Niche 2011) Borefield, but specific location information is not available for this record.

Cratystylis subspinescens^ No information available. (Niche 2011)

Cynanchum floribundum Recorded scattered in two locations at the West Creek

Borefield. (Niche 2011)

Dicrastylis doranii^ No information available. (Niche 2011)

Disphyma crassifolium subsp. clavellatum^ No information available.

(Niche 2011)

Dysphania plantaginella Two locations recorded just outside the haul road near (Niche 2011) Lake Maitland. (ecologia 2015c)

Dysphania truncata^ Possible misidentification. Without a reference specimen, Not recorded from WA the identity of this species is difficult to establish. (Niche 2011)

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Flora taxon (reference) Comment Distribution

Euphorbia biconvexa^ No information available. (Niche 2011)

Frankenia interioris^ No information available. (Niche 2011)

Gnephosis angianthoides^ No information available. (Niche 2011)

?Gompholobium simplicifolium^ No information available.

(Niche 2011)

Gunniopsis rodwayi^ No information available. (Niche 2011)

Gunniopsis septifraga^ No information available. (Niche 2011)

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Flora taxon (reference) Comment Distribution

Isoetopsis graminifolia^ No information available. (Niche 2011)

Maireana amoena^ No information available. (Niche 2011)

Maireana appressa^ No information available. (Niche 2011)

Maireana lobiflora Scattered individuals to the south-east of Lake Maitland. (ecologia 2015c)

Maireana luehmannii Recorded towards the southern end of the Millipede

Deposit and just outside the haul road near Lake Maitland. (ecologia 2015c)

One large population (approximately 1,000 plants on a Mollugo cerviana floodplain between salt pans, west of lake Maitland.

Nearest previous record is approximately 300 km west of (ecologia 2015c) Lake Maitland.

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Flora taxon (reference) Comment Distribution

Murchisonia volubilis^ No information available. (Niche 2011)

Nicotiana rotundifolia^ No information available. (Niche 2011)

Widespread across the study area, but uncommonly Paspalidium gracile recorded from drainage lines, floodplains and salt pans.

Nearest previous record is approximately 150 km south- (ecologia 2015c) west of study area.

Polygala isingii^ No information available. (Niche 2011)

Pterocaulon sphacelatum Uncommon along a minor draining line on the haul road, south of the Millipede Deposit. Nearest previous record is (ecologia 2015c) approximately 150 north-east of study area.

Ptilotus murrayi^ No information available. (Niche 2011)

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Flora taxon (reference) Comment Distribution

Scaevola tomentosa Common within the Millipede and Centipede Deposits. (Niche 2011)

Sclerolaena clelandii Scattered at one location in the south of the Lake Maitland

Deposit. (ecologia 2015a)

Senna manicula Scattered in the south-eastern section of the Lake Maitland

Deposit. (Niche 2011)

Sida kingii One location to the east of the Lake Maitland Deposit. (Outback Ecology 2009)

Sporobolus caroli One location in the southern end of the Millipede Deposit. (ecologia 2015c)

Tecticornia halocnemoides subsp. catenulata Recorded at 11 locations at the Centipede and Lake Way Deposits. (Niche 2011)

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Flora taxon (reference) Comment Distribution

Tecticornia moniliformis Recorded commonly at the Centipede and Lake Way

Deposits on the main lake bed and minor tributaries. (Niche 2011)

Tecticornia pterygosperma subsp. pterygosperma Recorded at one location at Lake Maitland, on a small salt pan to the south of the main lake bed. (ecologia 2015 a, c)

Tecticornia tenuis Recorded at three locations from Lake Way on the

floodplain to the south of Millipede. (ecologia 2015 a, c)

Thyridolepis xerophila Scattered along draining lines at the northern end of the haul road. Nearest previous record is approximately (ecologia 2015c) 200 km north-east of the study area.

Trachymene ceratocarpa One location within the Centipede Deposit. (Niche 2011)

Triodia plurinervata Recorded at one location to the east of Lake Maitland and

north of the haul road. (ecologia 2015c)

^ = no coordinates available. Note: Images used with the permission of the Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Parks and Wildlife (https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/help/copyright). Accessed on Friday, 23 October 2015.

160000 200000 240000 280000 320000 #* 360000 Inset A: Lake Way Deposit Inset B: Millipede (red) & Centipede (black) Deposits Inset C: Lake Maitland Deposit #* #* !( #*#* ")#* #* ")#* !( ")#* ")#* !( ")#* ")#* #* #* !( ")#* ") !(!( !( !(!( 7080000 !( ") !( ")#* !( !( #* ")#* !( #* #* #* #* !( Legend #* ")#*#* Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area #*!( Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area #* Range extensions !( ")!( #* Acacia aneura var. cf major #* Inset A #* Acacia brumalis #* #* Acacia heteroneura var. jutsonii ")

7040000 ") Acacia maxwellii ") Acacia scleroclada #* Cynanchum floribundum Inset B ")#*#* #* Dysphania plantaginella !(!(")#*!(!(")#*")#*!(")#* #* #*#*")#*!(")!( Maireana lobiflora #* !( #* Maireana luehmannii #* ")#* Mollugo cerviana ")#* !( #* Paspalidium gracile ")#* !( !( ")#* ")#*#* !( Pterocaulon sphacelatum !( ")#* ") !( !(!( ")#*!( !( !( !( Scaevola tomentosa !( !( #*#* !( !( #*#* Sclerolaena clelandii #* !( Senna manicula #* !( Sida kingii Inset C ") Tecticornia halocnemoides subsp. catenulata #*#*!( #* #* 7000000 #* Tecticornia moniliformis #*#*#* #* Tecticornia pterygosperma subsp. pterygosperma #* Tecticornia tenuis #*#*")#*#*!( !( Thyridolepis xerophila #* ")!( !( Trachymene ceratocarpa !( Triodia plurinervata 0 10 20 Figure: 4.4 Drawn: MH Project ID: 1625 Date: 29/03/2015 Kilometres Range extensions recorded during the consolidation Coordinate System Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Absolute Scale - 1:750,000 K Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4 Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

4.1.4 Introduced flora The introduced flora taxa identified from the flora and vegetation assessments included in this consolidation are listed in Table 4.4 and locations shown in Figure 4.5. Coordinates are provided electronically in Appendix A. Table 4.4 – Introduced flora taxa recorded during the consolidation Taxon Reference Comment Recorded at the Centipede and Millipede Deposits and the West *Acetosa vesicaria Niche (2011) Creek borefield. Four locations totalling approximately 90 individuals. Recorded along the haul road in large numbers along drainage lines. *Bidens bipinnata ecologia (2015c) Four records representing an estimated 1,301 individuals. *Brassica Niche (2011) No information available. tournefortii^ Recorded from three locations, two at Centipede Deposit and one at *Carpobrotus sp. Outback Ecology (2007) Lake Way Deposit. *Centaurea Recorded from one location in the West Creek Borefield. No specific Niche (2011) melitensis^ location data is available. *Citrullus ?lanatus ecologia (2015c) Scattered at one location in a drainage line along the haul road. *Lysimachia arvensis Outback Ecology (2007) Recorded from one location at the Lake Way Deposit. *Sonchus oleraceus Niche (2011) Recorded from one location at the Centipede Deposit. Outback Ecology (2009) Recorded along the eastern edge of the lake Maitland Deposit and *Tribulus terrestris ecologia (2015c) along the haul road to the west of Lake Maitland. ^ = no coordinates available.

160000 200000 240000 280000 320000 360000

Inset A: Lake Way Deposit Inset B: Millipede (red) & Centipede (black) Deposits Inset C: Lake Maitland Deposit

#* #* #* #* #* #* #* 7080000 #*

Inset A #* #* #*#* 7040000

Inset B #* #*#*#*

#* Legend #* #* #* Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area ")#*#* #* Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area Introduced flora #* Inset C #* *Acetosa vesicaria

7000000 #* *Bidens bipinnata #* #* *Carpobrotus sp. #* ") *Citrullus ?lanatus #* *Lysimachia arvensis #* *Sonchus oleraceus #* *Tribulus terrestris 0 10 20 Figure: 4.5 Drawn: MH Project ID: 1625 Date: 29/03/2015 Kilometres Introduced flora recorded during the consolidation Coordinate System Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Absolute Scale - 1:750,000 K Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4 Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

4.2 VEGETATION A total of 28 vegetation units (including a single, combined Tecticornia-dominated unit) have been consolidated and mapped at and in the vicinity of the study area. These vegetation units as well as the bare salt lake bed (with no vegetation cover) were mapped across a total area of 50,780.8 ha. These are described in Table 4.5, an overview map is shown in Figure 4.6 and more detailed vegetation mapping is presented in Figure 4.7 to Figure 4.16. The dendrogram showing the delineated vegetation communities used in this report is presented in Appendix B.

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Table 4.5 – Vegetation units mapped at and in the vicinity of the study area Mapped extent, average species Code Vegetation unit description Associated species Photograph richness, landform and quadrats

Acacia aneura/aptaneura Acacia burkittii Extent: 3,070.2 ha Acacia tetragonophylla sparse tall shrubland, Acacia pteraneura/macraneura Average species richness: 8.8 ± 3.4 AA over Senna artemisioides and Ptilotus obovatus Eremophila longifolia Landform: Plain sparse low shrubland. Hakea francisiana Number of quadrats: 24 Rhagodia eremaea Scaevola spinescens

Acacia aneura/aptaneura Extent: 1,512.1 ha Acacia burkittii Acacia tetragonophylla, Acacia victoriae and Average species richness: 5.8 ± 1.9 Eremophila arachnoides subsp. AB Ptilotus obovatus sparse low shrubland. Landform: Plain arachnoides Number of quadrats: 5 Grevillea nematophylla Senna artemisioides

Acacia aneura/aptaneura Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. obtusa sparse Acacia victoriae low woodland, over Acacia aptaneura and Extent: 3,009.2 ha Eragrostis eriopoda Acacia tetragonophylla sparse tall shrubland, Average species richness: 10.5 ± 3.5 Grevillea nematophylla AC over Eremophila longifolia, Senna Landform: Plain Hakea francisiana/minyma artemisioides and Scaevola spinescens sparse Number of quadrats: 15 Ptilotus obovatus mid shrubland. Rhagodia eremaea Santalum lanceolatum

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Mapped extent, average species Code Vegetation unit description Associated species Photograph richness, landform and quadrats Acacia pteraneura/macraneura Atriplex amnicola Acacia aneura/aptaneura sparse low Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa woodland, over Acacia tetragonophylla ( +/- Enteropogon ramosus Melaleuca hamata) sparse tall shrubland, over Extent: 92.3 ha Eremophila galeata Senna artemisioides, Scaevola spinescens and Average species richness: 14.5 ± 3.1 Exocarpos aphyllus BA Rhagodia drummondii sparse mid shrubland, Landform: Plain Maireana triptera over Ptilotus obovatus, Maireana villosa, Number of quadrats: 13 Melaleuca xerophila Sclerolaena diacantha and Cratystylis Pittosporum phylliraeoides subspinescens sparse low shrubland. Sclerolaena densiflora Solanum lasiophyllum Solanum nummularium Acacia nyssophylla Eremophea spinosa Eremophila forrestii Casuarina pauper open low woodland, over Eriochiton sclerolaenoides Eremophila pantonii, Eremophila longifolia and Extent: 1,376.4 ha Hakea preissii Eremophila latrobei sparse mid shrubland, over Average species richness: 15.7 ± 2.3 BB Sclerolaena diacantha Scaevola spinescens, Exocarpos aphyllus, Landform: Plain Sclerolaena obliquicuspis Rhagodia drummondii and Ptilotus obovatus Number of quadrats: 7 Senna artemisioides sparse low shrubland. Sida sp. dark green fruits (S. van Leeuwen 2260) Solanum lasiophyllum

Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Eremophila forrestii Scaevola spinescens, Eremophila malacoides, Extent: 70.2 ha Eremophila glandulifera Rhagodia drummondii, Maireana villosa and Average species richness: 11.3 ± 2.3 Eremophila longifolia BC Eremophila glabra sparse low shrubland, over Landform: Plain Exocarpos aphyllus Enteropogon ramosus sparse tussock Number of quadrats: 3 Grevillea extorris grassland. Sclerolaena diacantha Triodia basedowii

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Mapped extent, average species Code Vegetation unit description Associated species Photograph richness, landform and quadrats

Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Enteropogon ramosus Eremophila forrestii Acacia aneura/aptaneura sparse low Extent: 180.3 ha Eremophila longifolia woodland, over Maireana pyramidata, Average species richness: 10.7 ± 3.8 BD Maireana georgei Maireana triptera and Atriplex bunburyana Landform: Plain Rhagodia drummondii open low shrubland. Number of quadrats: 6 Sclerolaena cuneata Sida fibulifera Solanum lasiophyllum

Solanum lasiophyllum Acacia tetragonophylla Acacia aneura/aptaneura sparse low Indigofera monophylla woodland, over Acacia burkittii open tall Extent: 34.6 ha Scaevola spinescens shrubland, over Eremophila galeata, Average species richness: 16 ± 4.5 Eragrostis eriopoda Eremophila compacta, Senna sp. Meekatharra CA Landform: Undulating plain and Eremophila oldfieldii (E. Bailey 1-26), Senna artemisioides and Sida rocky hillslope Ptilotus obovatus ectogama sparse mid shrubland, over Number of quadrats: 6 Maireana thesioides Monachather paradoxus open tussock Hibiscus burtonii grassland. Senna glaucifolia Eremophila pantonii

Abutilon otocarpum Acacia craspedocarpa Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi Acacia aneura/aptaneura open low woodland, Cyperus betchei subsp. commiscens over Acacia burkittii and Acacia Extent: 6.6 ha Digitaria brownii tetragonophylla sparse tall shrubland, over Average species richness: 27.5 ± 2.1 Eremophila clarkei CB Senna artemisioides x artemisioides, Senna Landform: Drainage line Eremophila compacta glaucifolia and Eremophila galeata open mid Number of quadrats: 2 Indigofera monophylla shrubland, over Aristida contorta open tussock Paspalidium gracile grassland. Pluchea dentex Sclerolaena diacantha Themeda triandra

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Mapped extent, average species Code Vegetation unit description Associated species Photograph richness, landform and quadrats

Acacia aneura/aptaneura Acacia burkittii/quadrimarginea Acacia pteraneura/macraneura isolated low Acacia craspedocarpa trees, over Eremophila galeata, Senna Extent: 122.2 ha Acacia tetragonophylla artemisioides and Sida ectogama sparse mid Average species richness: 13.5 ± 4.1 CC Eremophila latrobei shrubland, over Eragrostis eriopoda and Landform: Plain Maireana thesioides Monachather paradoxus open tussock Number of quadrats: 13 Psydrax rigidula grassland. Ptilotus obovatus Solanum lasiophyllum

Acacia ayersiana/caesaneura Acacia aneura/aptaneura, Acacia Acacia tetragonophylla pteraneura/macraneura and Acacia Duperreya commixta craspedocarpa low woodland, over Eremophila Eremophila latrobei gilesii, Eremophila galeata and Senna Extent: 25.4 ha Eremophila margarethae artemisioides sparse mid shrubland, over Sida Average species richness: 19.1 ± 3.6 Maireana thesioides CD sp. verrucose glands (F.H. Mollemans 2423), Landform: Plain, floodplain, Psydrax rigidula Solanum lasiophyllum and Abutilon drainage lines Psydrax suaveolens cryptopetalum sparse low shrubland, over Number of quadrats: 8 Rhyncharrhena linearis Digitaria brownii, Eragrostis eriopoda and Santalum spicatum Monachather paradoxus sparse tussock Sida ectogama grassland. Spartothamnella teucriiflora Acacia craspedocarpa Acacia aneura/aptaneura and Acacia Acacia rhodophloia ayersiana/caesaneura open low woodland (+/- Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi Acacia tetragonophylla and Acacia Extent: 9,335.4 ha Eremophila congesta pruinocarpa), over Eremophila forrestii, Average species richness: 9.3 ± 2.7 Psydrax rigidula D Eremophila latrobei and Eremophila Landform: Plain, floodplain, Psydrax suaveolens foliosissima sparse mid shrubland, over drainage lines Ptilotus schwartzii Eragrostis eriopoda sparse tussock grassland Number of quadrats: 41 Rhagodia drummondii and Triodia melvillei sparse hummock Rhagodia eremaea grassland. Senna glaucifolia Spartothamnella teucriiflora

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Mapped extent, average species Code Vegetation unit description Associated species Photograph richness, landform and quadrats

Acacia burkittii Acacia aneura/ aptaneura/ ayersiana/ Acacia ligulata caesaneura (+/-Eucalyptus gypsophila) sparse Acacia oswaldii low woodland, over Acacia nyssophylla, Extent: 960.6 ha Casuarina pauper Eremophila arachnoides subsp. arachnoides Average species richness: 6.5 ± 3.4 Dodonaea viscosa E and Acacia victoriae sparse mid to tall Landform: Plain Eremophila latrobei shrubland, over Ptilotus obovatus, Sclerolaena Number of quadrats: 17 Maireana pyramidata obliquicuspis and Rhagodia eremaea sparse Scaevola spinescens low shrubland, over Eragrostis eriopoda sparse Senna artemisioides tussock grassland. Solanum lasiophyllum

Acacia burkittii Acacia nyssophylla Atriplex amnicola +/-Acacia victoriae and/or Melaleuca interioris Extent: 137.4 ha Eragrostis eriopoda sparse tall shrubland, over Eremophila glabra, Average species richness: 6 ± 2.3 Eremophila arachnoides subsp. F Scaevola spinescens, Rhagodia eremaea and Landform: Plain arachnoides Lycium australe sparse low shrubland. Number of quadrats: 12 Maireana pyramidata Muellerolimon salicorniaceum Sclerolaena fimbriolata Sclerolaena obliquicuspis

Acacia incurvaneura low woodland (+/-Acacia Extent: 95.0 ha craspedocarpa and Acacia ramulosa var. Average species richness: 6 ± 2.3 Acacia pruinocarpa G linophylla), over Eremophila maculata and Landform: Plain Eremophila latrobei Scaevola spinescens mid shrubland over Number of quadrats: 12 Triodia melvillei open hummock grassland.

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Mapped extent, average species Code Vegetation unit description Associated species Photograph richness, landform and quadrats

Acacia victoriae +/-Eucalyptus striaticalyx and Acacia Acacia xanthocarpa aneura/aptaneura sparse low woodland, over Extent: 6.2 ha Amyema maidenii Eremophila glabra and Senna artemisioides Average species richness: 5.8 ± 1.9 H Atriplex bunburyana sparse mid shrubland, over Dissocarpus Landform: Plain Maireana villosa paradoxus, Eremophila oppositifolia and Number of quadrats: 4 Rhyncharrhena linearis Sclerolaena bicornis sparse low shrubland. Santalum spicatum

Acacia ayersiana/caesaneura Atriplex amnicola Cratystylis subspinescens Eragrostis eriopoda +/-Acacia aneura/aptaneura isolated low Extent: 1,144.9 ha Exocarpos aphyllus trees, over Lycium australe, Rhagodia Average species richness: 5.7 ± 2.9 I Frankenia setosa drummondii, Frankenia pauciflora sens. lat. Landform: Plain, floodplain Maireana amoena and Lawrencia squamata open low shrubland. Number of quadrats: 4 Scaevola spinescens Sclerolaena cornishiana Sclerolaena parviflora Triodia basedowii

Acacia tetragonophylla +/-Casuarina pauper sparse low woodland, Extent: 697.6 ha Eragrostis eriopoda over Atriplex bunburyana, Lycium australe, Average species richness: 9.7 ± 2.5 Hakea preissii J Lawrencia squamata and Ptilotus obovatus Landform: Plain, floodplain, near Rhagodia eremaea sparse low to mid shrubland, over Eragrostis salt lakes Sclerolaena cornishiana setifolia sparse tussock grassland. Number of quadrats: 15 Senna artemisioides Solanum lasiophyllum

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Mapped extent, average species Code Vegetation unit description Associated species Photograph richness, landform and quadrats

Eremophea spinosa Casuarina obesa open low woodland, over Extent: 19.7 ha Eremophila falcata Acacia nyssophylla sparse tall shrubland, over Average species richness: 5.3 ± 0.6 K Ptilotus obovatus No photograph available Lycium australe and Sclerolaena fimbriolata Landform: Plain Senna artemisioides sparse low shrubland. Number of quadrats: 3 Senna glutinosa

Dicrastylis exsuccosa +/-Acacia aneura/aptaneura and Hakea lorea Dicrastylis flexuosa subsp. lorea isolated low trees, over Alyogyne Eremophila forrestii Extent: 5,827.5 ha pinoniana, Androcalva loxophylla, Solanum Eremophila longifolia Average species richness: 8 ± 3.6 L coactiliferum and Leptosema chambersii sparse Eremophila platythamnos Landform: Sandy plain low shrubland, over Triodia basedowii open Eucalyptus eremicola subsp. peeneri Number of quadrats: 27 hummock grassland and Eragrostis eriopoda Melaleuca eleuterostachya sparse tussock grassland. Monachather paradoxus Ptilotus obovatus

Acacia minyura Acacia pruinocarpa Acacia aneura/aptaneura (+/-Acacia Acacia pteraneura/macraneura ayersiana/caesaneura) open low woodland, Acacia tetragonophylla over Eremophila forrestii, Eremophila Extent: 6,370.4 ha Eremophila gilesii spectabilis subsp. brevis open mid shrubland, Average species richness: 12.8 ± 3.5 Eremophila latrobei M over Triodia basedowii open hummock Landform: Plain, sandy plain Maireana villosa grassland and Eragrostis eriopoda and Number of quadrats: 37 Psydrax rigidula Monachather paradoxus sparse tussock Psydrax suaveolens grassland. Ptilotus obovatus Sida fibulifera Sida sp. dark green fruits

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Mapped extent, average species Code Vegetation unit description Associated species Photograph richness, landform and quadrats Acacia tetragonophylla Cratystylis subspinescens Acacia ayersiana/caesaneura open low Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa woodland (+/-Acacia aneura/aptaneura and Enteropogon ramosus Extent: 2,088.1 ha Eucalyptus eremicola subsp. peeneri) open low Eremophila forrestii Average species richness: 14.7 ± 5.2 N woodland, over +/-Melaleuca interioris sparse Grevillea sarissa Landform: Plain, sandy plain tall shrubland, over Triodia basedowii open Ptilotus obovatus Number of quadrats: 46 hummock grassland and Eragrostis eriopoda Rhagodia drummondii sparse tussock grassland. Scaevola spinescens Senna artemisioides Solanum lasiophyllum

Acacia aneura/aptaneura Acacia ligulata Acacia oswaldii Eremophila forrestii Acacia ayersiana/caesaneura ( +/-Eucalyptus Extent: 4,807.7 ha Eremophila glabra eremicola subsp. peeneri) open low woodland, Average species richness: 9 ± 3 Eremophila longifolia O over Triodia melvillei open hummock Landform: Plain, sandy plain Grevillea sarissa grassland. Number of quadrats: 55 Maireana pyramidata Ptilotus obovatus Rhagodia eremaea Scaevola spinescens Senna artemisioides Callitris columellaris Dodonaea viscosa Eragrostis eriopoda Eremophila miniata +/-Acacia ayersiana/caesaneura sparse low Extent: 1,234.4 ha Eucalyptus eremicola subsp. peeneri woodland, over Acacia ligulata and Acacia Average species richness: 11.6 ± 3.4 Grevillea sarissa P jamesiana sparse mid shrubland, over Landform: Plain, sandy plain Monachather paradoxus Halgania cyanea sparse low shrubs, over Number of quadrats: 27 Ptilotus obovatus Triodia basedowii open hummock grassland. Scaevola spinescens Scaevola tomentosa Senna artemisioides Solanum lasiophyllum

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Mapped extent, average species Code Vegetation unit description Associated species Photograph richness, landform and quadrats

Acacia jennerae Acacia ligulata Acacia prainii Extent: 315.1 ha Eragrostis eriopoda Callitris columellaris sparse tall shrubland, over Average species richness: 5.4 ± 1.5 Eucalyptus eremicola subsp. peeneri Q Triodia melvillii open hummock grassland. Landform: Plain, sandy plain Grevillea juncifolia Number of quadrats: 7 Grevillea sarissa Halgania cyanea Scaevola tomentosa Solanum lasiophyllum

Acacia ayersiana/caesaneura Amyema microphylla Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Eremophea spinosa Melaleuca xerophila open tall shrubland, over Extent: 404.0 ha Ptilotus obovatus Muellerolimon salicorniaceum sparse low Average species richness: 5.4 ± 1.5 Rhagodia drummondii R shrubland, over Eragrostis eriopoda sparse Landform: Plain, sandy plain Rhagodia eremaea tussock grassland. Number of quadrats: 7 Scaevola spinescens Sclerolaena bicornis Sclerolaena obliquicuspis Senna artemisioides Solanum lasiophyllum Acacia oswaldii Atriplex amnicola Atriplex nana Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Extent: 172.9 ha Eragrostis falcata Eucalyptus striaticalyx sparse low woodland, Average species richness: 5.6 ± 3.2 Eragrostis lanipes W over Grevillea sarissa sparse tall shrubland, Landform: Floodplain, salt pan, Eragrostis setifolia over Lawrencia helmsii sparse low shrubland. tributary Eremophila latrobei Number of quadrats: 8 Eremophila margarethae Frankenia pauciflora sens. lat. Maireana pentatropis Sclerolaena fimbriolata

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Mapped extent, average species Code Vegetation unit description Associated species Photograph richness, landform and quadrats Atriplex bunburyana Disphyma crassifolium Eremophila glabra Extent: 4,184.6 ha Frankenia spp. TECT Average species richness: n/a Maireana luehmannii (S, T, Tecticornia spp. sparse low mixed shrubland. Landform: Salt lake, salt pan, low Muellerolimon salicorniaceum U, V) depressions Panicum effusum Number of quadrats: 68 Sclerolaena deserticola Sclerolaena fimbriolata Solanum lasiophyllum Zygophyllum aurantiacum

210000 240000 270000 300000

Figure 4.8 7050000

Figure 4.7

Figure 4.10

Figure 4.9 7020000

Figure 4.16

Legend Figure 4.11 Wiluna Uranium Bare J Project Study Area CA K Figure 4.12 Extension to the CB L Wiluna Uranium Figure 4.13 Project Study Area CC M Vegetation CD N AA D O Figure 4.14 AB E P AC F Q BA G R 6990000 BB H TECT Figure 4.15 BC I W BD

0 7.5 15 Figure: 4.6 Drawn: MH Project ID: 1625 Date: 29/03/2015 Kilometres Vegetation mapping overview map Coordinate System Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Absolute Scale - 1:450,000 K Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4 210000 215000 220000 225000 230000 M

G 7055000

O D AA AA L E D

AA O AC I

7050000 R

I BA O E

O AA AA AB TECT E D AB E H R R

7045000 O AA AB E TECT F O D E O TECTF O Bare

Legend Bare Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area 7040000 Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area

0 1.5 3 Figure: 4.7 Drawn: MH Project ID: 1625 Date: 29/03/2015 Kilometres Vegetation mapping - West Creek Borefield Coordinate System Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Absolute Scale - 1:100,000 K Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4 230000 235000 240000

I AC AC Bare O AC

AA AB Q O

AB J O E AB H D AB R E

7045000 R AC F F BA AB N TECT BA O TECT

F F R E R O TECT F TECT TECT O Bare

TECT

Bare

Legend

7040000 Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area

0 0.9 1.8 Figure: 4.8 Drawn: MH Project ID: 1625 Date: 29/03/2015 Kilometres Vegetation mapping - Lake Way Deposit Coordinate System Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Absolute Scale - 1:55,000 K Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4 224000 228000 232000 F D E TECT O O Bare D

Bare 7040000

D 7036000

O 7032000

TECT O TECT TECT O

OR 7028000 Legend R OR Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area

Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area

0 1 2 Figure: 4.9 Drawn: MH Project ID: 1625 Date: 31/03/2016

Kilometres Vegetation mapping - Roads Coordinate System Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator K Datum: GDA 1994 A4 Absolute Scale - 1:63,000 230000 235000 240000 245000

TECT O R

Bare

TECT TECT Bare R O TECT TECT BDTECT R 7030000 O TECT AA O TECT P TECT TECT TECT R I TECT N R Q P E O TECT TECT N R R AA R AA P R Q AA R N O TECT R TECT QTECT AA R TECT O O N TECT N O O TECT O N TECT O NN TECTN O TECT O N

NTECT 7025000

Legend TECT Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area M

Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area BA 0 1 2 Figure: 4.10 Drawn: MH Project ID: 1625 Date: 29/03/2015 Kilometres Vegetation mapping - Centipede and Millipede Deposits Coordinate System Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Absolute Scale - 1:62,500 K Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4 240000 244000 248000 TECT N TECT N TECTN

NTECT

7024000 TECT

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M 7012000

D CC Legend

Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community 0 1 2 Figure: 4.11 Drawn: MH Project ID: 1625 Date: 31/03/2016

Kilometres Vegetation mapping - Haul Road Coordinate System Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Projection: Transverse Mercator K Datum: GDA 1994 A4 Absolute Scale - 1:63,000 250000 255000 260000 265000 7015000

CA D CC CA CC CB CA CC M CC M 7010000

Legend Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area 7005000 Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community 0 1 2 Figure: 4.12 Drawn: MH Project ID: 1625 Date: 29/03/2015 Kilometres Vegetation mapping - Haul Road Coordinate System Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Absolute Scale - 1:63,000 K Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4 265000 270000 275000 280000 7010000

P 7005000

Legend Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community 0 1 2 Figure: 4.13 Drawn: MH Project ID: 1625 Date: 29/03/2015 Kilometres Vegetation mapping - Haul Road Coordinate System Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Absolute Scale - 1:63,000 K Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4 285000 290000 295000

7005000 CD

TECT

M 7000000

TECT TECT N Legend TECT N Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AEX, Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and the GIS User Community 0 1 2 Figure: 4.14 Drawn: MH Project ID: 1625 Date: 29/03/2015 Kilometres Vegetation mapping - Haul Road Coordinate System Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Absolute Scale - 1:63,000 K Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4 300000 305000 310000

M M L L L M N N BA N AA N TECT TECT AA AA BB N TECT BB N BD I J J N BD TECT TECT J I BD N BD J N BD L L TECT BC BB L BC L TECT P L J 6995000

K I J N BD TECT P P N I TECT

P P P W N P

TECT P TECT W P F TECT 6990000 Legend Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area W W Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area

0 1 2 Figure: 4.15 Drawn: MH Project ID: 1625 Date: 29/03/2015 Kilometres Vegetation mapping - Lake Maitland Deposit Coordinate System Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Absolute Scale - 1:64,000 K Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: GDA 1994 A4 305000 310000 315000 320000 7010000

M L

M M 7005000

N L

N N G L G

L L

7000000 N N N AA AA N N AA N BB BB I J J N BD TECT TECT J I BD BD J BD N L L TECT BC L BC BB TECT L Legend L

6995000 J Wiluna Uranium Project StudyI Area P W JSource:N Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA,N USGS, AEX, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, swisstopo, and P Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Study Area P BD K the GIS User Community 0 1 2 Figure: 4.16 Drawn: MH Project ID: 1625 Date: 31/03/2016 Vegetation mapping Kilometres Coordinate System Name: GDA 1994 MGA Zone 51 Lake Maitland Borefield Projection: Transverse Mercator K Datum: GDA 1994 A4 Absolute Scale - 1:80,000 Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

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Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

5 DISCUSSION

5.1 VEGETATION CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT

5.1.1 Vegetation of National Significance No TECs, or vegetation units likely to be classfied TECs, were located within the project areas and therefore no vegetation units of National significance were recorded.

5.1.2 Vegetation of State Significance No State listed TECs, or vegetation units likely to be TECs were recorded at the project areas. Eleven PECs were recorded as occurring within 50 km of the study area, of which five occur within: • Barwidgee calcrete groundwater assemblage type on Carey palaeodrainage on Barwidgee Station; • Hinkler Well calcrete groundwater assemblage type on Carey palaeodrainage on Lake Way Station; • Lake Violet south and lake Violet calcrete groundwater assemblage types on Carey palaeodrainage on Millbillillie Station; and • Uramurdah Lake calcrete groundwater assemblage type on Carey palaeodrainage on Millbillillie Station; and • Wiluna BF calcrete groundwater assemblage type on Carey palaeodrainage on Millbillillie Station. The five PECs that occur at the study area are underground invertebrate assemblages and are not pertinent to the flora and vegetation. The closest PECs that are relevant to flora and vegetation are the Wiluna West vegetation complexes on BIF, 35 km west and the Violet Range vegetation complexes on BIF, 40 km south. There is no BIF habitat at the study area and no vegetation units at the study area that resemble these PECs. Therefore no vegetation units of State significance occur at the study area.

5.1.3 Vegetation of Regional Significance An assessment of the significance of the vegetation within the project areas at a regional level is constrained by the lack of mapping across the region at a scale comparable to the mapping during the current assessment. The only source of vegetation mapping available across the Murchison is that conducted by Beard (1976) and digitised by Shepherd et al. (2001), at a scale of 1:1,000,000. As it is completed at such a large scale it does not accurately represent the mapped communities at the study area, especially the minor details including drainage channels, creeklines and low hill slopes. If a vegetation unit mapped at the study area can be attributed to a Beard vegetation unit, it can be used to loosely determine the potential regional distribution of this community in the region. The thirteen Beard vegetation units mapped at the study area have been compared to the vegetation units that have been consolidated for the current assessment in Table 5.1. Using the total mapped area of each Beard unit in the Murchison region, eight units have restricted distributions. They are: 11, 40, 182, 188, 204, 560, 561 and 676. These units are generally associated with salt lakes or saline depressions and often have a Chenopodiaceae understory.

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Table 5.1 – Comparing Beard mapping and vegetation units for regional significance Percentage of the total area mapped Unit Mapped extent, average species Potential regional Vegetation unit description Corresponding Beard unit in the Murchison* code richness, landform and quadrats distribution (& regional distribution) 204: Succulent steppe with open scrub; scattered Mulga & Acacia Extent: 3,070.2 ha 0.9% (Restricted) Low: also recorded sclerosperma over saltbush & Acacia tetragonophylla sparse tall shrubland, over Senna Average species richness: 8.8 ± 3.4 at the borefields in AA bluebush artemisioides and Ptilotus obovatus sparse low shrubland. Landform: Plain other widespread 560: Mosaic: Shrublands; Bowgada Number of quadrats: 24 0.4% (Restricted) units scrub / succulent steppe; Samphire 676: Succulent steppe; Samphire 1.8% (Restricted) Extent: 1,512.1 ha Acacia tetragonophylla, Acacia victoriae and Ptilotus Average species richness: 5.8 ± 1.9 188: Shrublands; Mulga and Acacia AB <0.1% (Restricted) High obovatus sparse low shrubland. Landform: Plain sclerosperma scrub Number of quadrats: 5 Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. obtusa sparse low Extent: 3,009.2 ha woodland, over Acacia aptaneura and Acacia Average species richness: 10.5 ± 11: Medium woodland; coolabah AC tetragonophylla sparse tall shrubland, over Eremophila 3.5 <0.1% (Restricted) High (Eucalyptus microtheca) longifolia, Senna artemisioides and Scaevola spinescens Landform: Plain sparse mid shrubland. Number of quadrats: 15 Acacia aneura/aptaneura sparse low woodland, over Extent: 92.3 ha Acacia tetragonophylla ( +/-Melaleuca hamata) sparse tall Average species richness: 14.5 ± shrubland, over Senna artemisioides, Scaevola spinescens BA 3.1 676: Succulent steppe; Samphire 1.8% (Restricted) High and Rhagodia drummondii sparse mid shrubland, over Landform: Plain Ptilotus obovatus, Maireana villosa, Sclerolaena diacantha Number of quadrats: 13 and Cratystylis subspinescens sparse low shrubland. Casuarina pauper open low woodland, over Eremophila Extent: 1,376.4 ha pantonii, Eremophila longifolia and Eremophila latrobei Average species richness: 15.7 ± BB sparse mid shrubland, over Scaevola spinescens, Exocarpos 2.3 676: Succulent steppe; Samphire 1.8% (Restricted) High aphyllus, Rhagodia drummondii and Ptilotus obovatus Landform: Plain sparse low shrubland. Number of quadrats: 7 Extent: 70.2 ha Scaevola spinescens, Eremophila malacoides, Rhagodia Average species richness: 11.3 ± drummondii, Maireana villosa and Eremophila glabra 29: Sparse low woodland; Mulga, BC 2.3 14.3% (Widespread) Low sparse low shrubland, over Enteropogon ramosus sparse discontinuous in scattered groups Landform: Plain tussock grassland. Number of quadrats: 3

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Percentage of the total area mapped Unit Mapped extent, average species Potential regional Vegetation unit description Corresponding Beard unit in the Murchison* code richness, landform and quadrats distribution (& regional distribution) Extent: 180.3 ha Acacia aneura/aptaneura sparse low woodland, over Average species richness: 10.7 ± BD Maireana pyramidata, Maireana triptera and Atriplex 3.8 676: Succulent steppe; Samphire 1.8% (Restricted) High bunburyana open low shrubland. Landform: Plain Number of quadrats: 6 Acacia aneura/aptaneura sparse low woodland, over Extent: 34.6 ha Acacia burkittii open tall shrubland, over Eremophila Average species richness: 16 ± 4.5 Moderate: galeata, Eremophila compacta, Senna sp. Meekatharra (E. CA Landform: Undulating plain and 39: Shrublands; Mulga scrub 5.5% (Moderate) restricted to hill Bailey 1-26), Senna artemisioides and Sida ectogama rocky hillslope slopes sparse mid shrubland, over Monachather paradoxus open Number of quadrats: 6 tussock grassland. Acacia aneura/aptaneura open low woodland, over Acacia Extent: 6.6 ha burkittii and Acacia tetragonophylla sparse tall shrubland, Average species richness: 27.5 ± Moderate: CB over Senna artemisioides x artemisioides, Senna glaucifolia 2.1 39: Shrublands; Mulga scrub 5.5% (Moderate) restricted to and Eremophila galeata open mid shrubland, over Aristida Landform: Drainage line drainage lines contorta open tussock grassland. Number of quadrats: 2 Extent: 122.2 ha Acacia pteraneura/macraneura isolated low trees, over Average species richness: 13.5 ± Eremophila galeata, Senna artemisioides and Sida CC 4.1 39: Shrublands; Mulga scrub 5.5% (Moderate) Low ectogama sparse mid shrubland, over Eragrostis eriopoda Landform: Plain and Monachather paradoxus open tussock grassland. Number of quadrats: 13 Acacia aneura/aptaneura, Acacia pteraneura/macraneura 18: Low woodland; Mulga (Acacia and Acacia craspedocarpa low woodland, over Eremophila Extent: 25.4 ha 59.9% (Widespread) aneura) gilesii, Eremophila galeata and Senna artemisioides sparse Average species richness: 19.1 ± mid shrubland, over Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. 3.6 CD Low Mollemans 2423), Solanum lasiophyllum and Abutilon Landform: Plain, floodplain, 29: Sparse low woodland; Mulga, cryptopetalum sparse low shrubland, over Digitaria drainage lines 14.3% (Widespread) discontinuous in scattered groups brownii, Eragrostis eriopoda and Monachather paradoxus Number of quadrats: 8 sparse tussock grassland.

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Percentage of the total area mapped Unit Mapped extent, average species Potential regional Vegetation unit description Corresponding Beard unit in the Murchison* code richness, landform and quadrats distribution (& regional distribution) Acacia aneura/aptaneura and Acacia ayersiana/caesaneura open low woodland (+/-Acacia Extent: 9,335.4 ha tetragonophylla and Acacia pruinocarpa), over Eremophila Average species richness: 9.3 ± 2.7 18: Low woodland; Mulga (Acacia D forrestii, Eremophila latrobei and Eremophila foliosissima Landform: Plain, floodplain, 59.9% (Widespread) Low aneura) sparse mid shrubland, over Eragrostis eriopoda sparse drainage lines tussock grassland and Triodia melvillei sparse hummock Number of quadrats: 41 grassland. Acacia aneura/aptaneura/ayersiana/caesaneura (+/- Eucalyptus gypsophila) sparse low woodland, over Acacia Extent: 960.6 ha nyssophylla, Eremophila arachnoides subsp. arachnoides Average species richness: 6.5 ± 3.4 560: Mosaic: Shrublands; Bowgada E and Acacia victoriae sparse mid to tall shrubland, over 0.4% (Restricted) High Landform: Plain scrub / succulent steppe; Samphire Ptilotus obovatus, Sclerolaena obliquicuspis and Rhagodia Number of quadrats: 17 eremaea sparse low shrubland, over Eragrostis eriopoda sparse tussock grassland. +/-Acacia victoriae and/or Melaleuca interioris sparse tall Extent: 137.4 ha 204: Succulent steppe with open shrubland, over Eremophila glabra, Scaevola spinescens, Average species richness: 6 ± 2.3 scrub; scattered Mulga & Acacia F 0.7% (Restricted) High Rhagodia eremaea and Lycium australe sparse low Landform: Plain sclerosperma over saltbush & shrubland. Number of quadrats: 12 bluebush Acacia incurvaneura low woodland (+/-Acacia Extent: 95.0 ha 107: Hummock grasslands, shrub craspedocarpa and Acacia ramulosa var. linophylla), over Average species richness: 6 ± 2.3 G steppe; Mulga and Eucalyptus 13.5% (Widespread) Low Eremophila maculata and Scaevola spinescens mid Landform: Plain kingsmillii over hard spinifex shrubland over Triodia melvillei open hummock grassland. Number of quadrats: 12 +/-Eucalyptus striaticalyx and Acacia aneura/aptaneura Extent: 6.2 ha 204: Succulent steppe with open sparse low woodland, over Eremophila glabra and Senna Average species richness: 5.8 ± 1.9 scrub; scattered Mulga & Acacia H artemisioides sparse mid shrubland, over Dissocarpus 0.7% (Restricted) High Landform: Plain sclerosperma over saltbush & paradoxus, Eremophila oppositifolia and Sclerolaena Number of quadrats: 4 bluebush bicornis sparse low shrubland. +/-Acacia aneura/aptaneura isolated low trees, over Extent: 1,144.9 ha Moderate: Lycium australe, Rhagodia drummondii, Frankenia Average species richness: 5.7 ± 2.9 potentially I 676: Succulent steppe; Samphire 1.8% (Restricted) pauciflora sens. lat. and Lawrencia squamata open low Landform: Plain, floodplain restricted to near shrubland. Number of quadrats: 4 salt lakes

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Percentage of the total area mapped Unit Mapped extent, average species Potential regional Vegetation unit description Corresponding Beard unit in the Murchison* code richness, landform and quadrats distribution (& regional distribution) Extent: 697.6 ha +/-Casuarina pauper sparse low woodland, over Atriplex Moderate: Average species richness: 9.7 ± 2.5 bunburyana, Lycium australe, Lawrencia squamata and potentially J Landform: Plain, floodplain, near 676: Succulent steppe; Samphire 1.8% (Restricted) Ptilotus obovatus sparse low to mid shrubland, over restricted to near salt lakes Eragrostis setifolia sparse tussock grassland. salt lakes Number of quadrats: 15 Extent: 19.7 ha Moderate: Casuarina obesa open low woodland, over Acacia Average species richness: 5.3 ± 0.6 potentially K nyssophylla sparse tall shrubland, over Lycium australe 676: Succulent steppe; Samphire 1.8% (Restricted) Landform: Plain restricted to near and Sclerolaena fimbriolata sparse low shrubland. Number of quadrats: 3 salt lakes +/-Acacia aneura/aptaneura and Hakea lorea subsp. lorea 29: Sparse low woodland; Mulga, 14.3% (Widespread) isolated low trees, over Alyogyne pinoniana, Androcalva Extent: 5,827.5 ha discontinuous in scattered groups loxophylla, Solanum coactiliferum and Leptosema Average species richness: 8 ± 3.6 L Low chambersii sparse low shrubland, over Triodia basedowii Landform: Sandy plain 107: Hummock grasslands, shrub Eucalyptus open hummock grassland and Eragrostis eriopoda sparse Number of quadrats: 27 steppe; Mulga and 13.5% (Widespread) kingsmillii tussock grassland. over hard spinifex 18: Low woodland; Mulga (Acacia Acacia aneura/aptaneura (+/-Acacia 59.9% (Widespread) Extent: 6,370.4 ha aneura) ayersiana/caesaneura) open low woodland, over Average species richness: 12.8 ± 29: Sparse low woodland; Mulga, Eremophila forrestii, Eremophila spectabilis subsp. brevis 14.3% (Widespread) M 3.5 discontinuous in scattered groups Low open mid shrubland, over Triodia basedowii open Landform: Plain, sandy plain 107: Hummock grasslands, shrub hummock grassland and Eragrostis eriopoda and Number of quadrats: 37 steppe; Mulga and Eucalyptus 13.5% (Widespread) Monachather paradoxus sparse tussock grassland. kingsmillii over hard spinifex 29: Sparse low woodland; Mulga, 14.3% (Widespread) discontinuous in scattered groups Acacia ayersiana/caesaneura open low woodland (+/- Extent: 2,088.1 ha 204: Succulent steppe with open Acacia aneura/aptaneura and Eucalyptus eremicola subsp. Average species richness: 14.7 ± scrub; scattered Mulga & Acacia peeneri) open low woodland, over +/-Melaleuca interioris 0.9% (Restricted) N 5.2 sclerosperma over saltbush & Low sparse tall shrubland, over Triodia basedowii open Landform: Plain, sandy plain bluebush hummock grassland and Eragrostis eriopoda sparse Number of quadrats: 46 560: Mosaic: Shrublands; Bowgada tussock grassland. 0.4% (Restricted) scrub / succulent steppe; Samphire 676: Succulent steppe; Samphire 1.8% (Restricted)

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Percentage of the total area mapped Unit Mapped extent, average species Potential regional Vegetation unit description Corresponding Beard unit in the Murchison* code richness, landform and quadrats distribution (& regional distribution) Extent: 4,807.7 ha Low: also recorded Acacia ayersiana/caesaneura (+/-Eucalyptus eremicola Average species richness: 9 ± 3 560: Mosaic: Shrublands; Bowgada at the borefields in O subsp. peeneri) open low woodland, over Triodia melvillei 0.4% (Restricted) Landform: Plain, sandy plain scrub / succulent steppe; Samphire other widespread open hummock grassland. Number of quadrats: 55 units +/-Acacia ayersiana/caesaneura (+/-Eucalyptus eremicola Extent: 1,234.4 ha subsp. peeneri and Eucalyptus kingsmillii) sparse low Average species richness: 11.6 ± 107: Hummock grasslands, shrub P woodland, over Acacia ligulata and Acacia jamesiana 3.4 steppe; Mulga and Eucalyptus 13.5% (Widespread) Low sparse mid shrubland, over Halgania cyanea sparse low Landform: Plain, sandy plain kingsmillii over hard spinifex shrubs, over Triodia basedowii open hummock grassland Number of quadrats: 27 Extent: 315.1 ha 107: Hummock grasslands, shrub Callitris columellaris sparse tall shrubland, over Triodia Average species richness: 5.4 ± 1.5 Q steppe; Mulga and Eucalyptus 13.5% (Widespread) Low melvillii open hummock grassland. Landform: Plain, sandy plain kingsmillii over hard spinifex Number of quadrats: 7 Extent: 404.0 ha Melaleuca xerophila open tall shrubland, over High: restricted to Average species richness: 5.4 ± 1.5 R Muellerolimon salicorniaceum sparse low shrubland, over 125: Bare areas; salt lakes 3.4% (Moderate) the edges of salt Landform: Plain, sandy plain Eragrostis eriopoda sparse tussock grassland. lakes Number of quadrats: 7 Extent: 172.9 ha Moderate: Eucalyptus striaticalyx sparse low woodland, over Grevillea Average species richness: 5.6 ± 3.2 restricted to edges W sarissa sparse tall shrubland, over Lawrencia helmsii Landform: Floodplain, salt pan, 125: Bare areas; salt lakes 3.4% (Moderate) of salt lakes on sparse low shrubland. tributary calcrete Number of quadrats: 8 Extent: 4,184.6 ha 125: Bare areas; salt lakes 3.4% (Moderate) Average species richness: n/a High: restricted to TECT Tecticornia spp. sparse low mixed shrubland. Landform: Salt lake, salt pan, low salt pans. Locally depressions 676: Succulent steppe; Samphire 1.8% (Restricted) common. Number of quadrats: 68 * Based on sum of all Beard vegetation units mapped for the Murchison.

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

5.1.4 Vegetation of Local Significance The local conservation significance of the 28 vegetation units recorded during the consolidation is assessed in Table 5.2. Of these, two are considered to have a high local significance (R and TECT), twelve have a moderate local significance and 14 have a low local significance. Vegetation units with a high local significance that are equivalent to vegetation considered to be of potential significance in previous flora and vegetation assessments (Table 5.3) are discussed below: Vegetation consolidation assessment:

R: Melaleuca xerophila open tall shrubland, over Muellerolimon salicorniaceum sparse low shrubland, over Eragrostis eriopoda sparse tussock grassland is associated with Beard unit 125, a restricted unit mapped as only 3.4% of the Murchison. This unit is also restricted to areas fringing salt lakes, which is even more restricted and is therefore given high local significance. Equivalent vegetation was also considered to be potentially significant in previous flora and vegetation assessments (Outback Ecology 2007, Niche 2011 and Actis 2012, Table 5.3). TECT: Tecticornia spp. sparse low shrubland is associated with Beard vegetation units 676 and 125, both restricted units mapped as occurring across 1.8% and 3.4%, respectively of the Murchison. It is recorded on saline depressions, a very restricted landform and is also is habitat for Priority flora including Frankenia confusa, Stackhousia clementii and Tecticornia cymbiformis and is therefore given high local significance. This unit also includes vegetation considered to be of potential significance in previous flora and vegetation assessments (Outback Ecology 2007, Niche 2011, Actis 2012 and Niche 2014, Table 5.3). Corresponding to other assessments vegetation of significance: AC: Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. obtusa sparse low woodland, over Acacia aptaneura and Acacia tetragonophylla sparse tall shrubland, over Eremophila longifolia, Senna artemisioides and Scaevola spinescens sparse mid shrubland, includes the Cr vegetation unit considered to be of potential significance in a previous flora and vegetation assessment (Niche 2011, Table 5.3). D: Acacia aneura/aptaneura/ayersiana/caesaneura open low woodland (+/-Acacia tetragonophylla and Acacia pruinocarpa), over Eremophila forrestii, Eremophila latrobei, Eremophila foliosissima sparse mid shrubland, over Eragrostis eriopoda sparse tussock grassland and Triodia melvillei sparse hummock grassland, includes the BIF and Sh complex vegetation units considered to be of potential significance in a previous flora and vegetation assessment (Niche 2011, Table 5.3). E: Acacia aneura/aptaneura/ayersiana/caesaneura (+/-Eucalyptus gypsophila) sparse low woodland, over Acacia nyssophylla, Eremophila arachnoides subsp. arachnoides and Acacia victoriae sparse mid to tall shrubland, over Ptilotus obovatus, Sclerolaena obliquicuspis and Rhagodia eremaea sparse low shrubland, over Eragrostis eriopoda sparse tussock grassland, includes the Ca1 vegetation unit considered to be of potential significance in previous flora and vegetation assessments (Niche 2011 and Niche 2014, Table 5.3). W: Eucalyptus striaticalyx sparse low woodland, over Grevillea sarissa sparse tall shrubland, over Lawrencia helmsii sparse low shrubland, is equivalent to the vegetation unit KRE considered to be of potential significance in a previous flora and vegetation assessment (Outback Ecology 2009, Table 5.3).

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Table 5.2 – Local conservation significance of vegetation units Landform & Mean Total potential local Regional Assigned local Unit Vegetation description species Priority species area (ha) distribution of significance^ significance richness landform Acacia tetragonophylla sparse tall shrubland, over Senna artemisioides and Plain: AA Low 8.8 Low Ptilotus obovatus sparse low shrubland. 3,070.2 widespread Acacia tetragonophylla, Acacia victoriae and Ptilotus obovatus sparse low Plain: Eremophila arachnoides AB High 5.8 Moderate shrubland. 1,512.1 widespread subsp. arachnoides (P3) Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. obtusa sparse low woodland, over Acacia Plain: AC aptaneura and Acacia tetragonophylla sparse tall shrubland, over Eremophila High 10.5 Stackhousia clementii (P3) Moderate 3,009.2 widespread longifolia, Senna artemisioides and Scaevola spinescens sparse mid shrubland. Acacia aneura/aptaneura sparse low woodland, over Acacia tetragonophylla (+/- Plain near salt Melaleuca hamata) sparse tall shrubland, over Senna artemisioides, Scaevola lakes: BA spinescens and Rhagodia drummondii sparse mid shrubland, over Ptilotus High 14.5 Tecticornia cymbiformis (P3) Moderate 92.3 moderately obovatus, Maireana villosa, Sclerolaena diacantha and Cratystylis subspinescens widespread sparse low shrubland. Casuarina pauper open low woodland, over Eremophila pantonii, Eremophila Floodplain: longifolia and Eremophila latrobei sparse mid shrubland, over Scaevola BB moderately 15.7 Cratystylis centralis (P3) Moderate spinescens, Exocarpos aphyllus, Rhagodia drummondii and Ptilotus obovatus 1,376.4 High widespread sparse low shrubland. Scaevola spinescens, Eremophila malacoides, Rhagodia drummondii, Maireana Plain: BC villosa and Eremophila glabra sparse low shrubland, over Enteropogon ramosus 11.3 - Low 70.2 widespread Low sparse tussock grassland. Acacia aneura/aptaneura sparse low woodland, over Maireana pyramidata, Plain: BD 10.7 - Moderate Maireana triptera and Atriplex bunburyana open low shrubland. 180.3 widespread High Acacia aneura/aptaneura sparse low woodland, over Acacia burkittii open tall Undulating shrubland, over Eremophila galeata, Eremophila compacta, Senna sp. plain, rocky CA 16 - Moderate Meekatharra (E. Bailey 1-26), Senna artemisioides and Sida ectogama sparse mid 34.6 hillslope: Moderate shrubland, over Monachather paradoxus open tussock grassland. restricted Acacia aneura/aptaneura open low woodland, over Acacia burkittii and Acacia tetragonophylla sparse tall shrubland, over Senna artemisioides x artemisioides, Drainage line: CB 27.5 - Moderate Senna glaucifolia and Eremophila galeata open mid shrubland, over Aristida 6.6 restricted Moderate contorta open tussock grassland. Acacia pteraneura/macraneura isolated low trees, over Eremophila galeata, Plain: CC Senna artemisioides and Sida ectogama sparse mid shrubland, over Eragrostis 13.5 - Low 122.2 widespread Low eriopoda and Monachather paradoxus open tussock grassland.

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Landform & Mean Total potential local Regional Assigned local Unit Vegetation description species Priority species area (ha) distribution of significance^ significance richness landform Acacia aneura/aptaneura, Acacia pteraneura/macraneura and Acacia craspedocarpa low woodland, over Eremophila gilesii, Eremophila galeata and Plain, floodplain, Senna artemisioides sparse mid shrubland, over Sida sp. verrucose glands (F.H. CD drainage line: 19.1 - Low Mollemans 2423), Solanum lasiophyllum and Abutilon cryptopetalum sparse low 25.4 Low widespread shrubland, over Digitaria brownii, Eragrostis eriopoda and Monachather paradoxus sparse tussock grassland. Acacia aneura/aptaneura/ayersiana/caesaneura open low woodland (+/-Acacia tetragonophylla and Acacia pruinocarpa), over Eremophila forrestii, Eremophila Plain: D latrobei and Eremophila foliosissima sparse mid shrubland, over Eragrostis 9.3 Eremophila pungens (P4) Low 9,335.4 widespread Low eriopoda sparse tussock grassland and Triodia melvillei sparse hummock grassland. Acacia aneura/aptaneura/ayersiana/caesaneura (+/-Eucalyptus gypsophila) sparse low woodland, over Acacia nyssophylla, Eremophila arachnoides subsp. Plain: Eremophila arachnoides E arachnoides and Acacia victoriae sparse mid to tall shrubland, over Ptilotus 6.5 Low 960.6 widespread High subsp. arachnoides (P3) obovatus, Sclerolaena obliquicuspis and Rhagodia eremaea sparse low shrubland, over Eragrostis eriopoda sparse tussock grassland. +/-Acacia victoriae and/or Melaleuca interioris sparse tall shrubland, over Plain: F Eremophila glabra, Scaevola spinescens, Rhagodia eremaea and Lycium australe 2.3 - Moderate 137.4 widespread High sparse low shrubland. Acacia incurvaneura low woodland (+/-Acacia craspedocarpa and Acacia Plain: G ramulosa var. linophylla), over Eremophila maculata and Scaevola spinescens 6 - Low 95.0 widespread Low mid shrubland over Triodia melvillei open hummock grassland. +/-Eucalyptus striaticalyx and Acacia aneura/aptaneura sparse low woodland, over Eremophila glabra and Senna artemisioides sparse mid shrubland, over Plain: H 6.2 - Moderate Dissocarpus paradoxus, Eremophila oppositifolia and Sclerolaena bicornis sparse 6.2 widespread High low shrubland. +/-Acacia aneura/aptaneura isolated low trees, over Lycium australe, Rhagodia Plain and I drummondii, Frankenia pauciflora sens. lat. and Lawrencia squamata open low 1,144.9 floodplain: Moderate 5.7 - Low shrubland. widespread Plain and +/-Casuarina pauper sparse low woodland, over Atriplex bunburyana, Lycium floodplain: Eremophila arachnoides J australe, Lawrencia squamata and Ptilotus obovatus sparse low to mid 9.7 Moderate 697.6 moderately Moderate subsp. arachnoides (P3) shrubland, over Eragrostis setifolia sparse tussock grassland. widespread

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Landform & Mean Total potential local Regional Assigned local Unit Vegetation description species Priority species area (ha) distribution of significance^ significance richness landform Plain and Casuarina obesa open low woodland, over Acacia nyssophylla sparse tall floodplain: K shrubland, over Lycium australe and Sclerolaena fimbriolata sparse low 19.7 - Moderate 19.7 moderately Moderate shrubland. widespread +/-Acacia aneura/aptaneura and Hakea lorea subsp. lorea isolated low trees, over Alyogyne pinoniana, Androcalva loxophylla, Solanum coactiliferum and Sandy plain: L 8 - Low Leptosema chambersii sparse low shrubland, over Triodia basedowii open 5,827.5 widespread Low hummock grassland and Eragrostis eriopoda sparse tussock grassland. Acacia aneura/aptaneura (+/-Acacia ayersiana/ caesaneura) open low woodland, over Eremophila forrestii, Eremophila spectabilis subsp. brevis open Sandy plain: M 12.8 Eremophila pungens (P4) Low mid shrubland, over Triodia basedowii open hummock grassland and Eragrostis 6,370.4 widespread Low eriopoda and Monachather paradoxus sparse tussock grassland. Acacia ayersiana/caesaneura open low woodland (+/-Acacia aneura/aptaneura and Eucalyptus eremicola subsp. peeneri) open low woodland, over +/-Melaleuca Sandy plain: Eremophila arachnoides N 14.7 Low interioris sparse tall shrubland, over Triodia basedowii open hummock grassland 2,088.1 widespread Low subsp. arachnoides (P3) and Eragrostis eriopoda sparse tussock grassland. Eremophila arachnoides Acacia ayersiana/caesaneura (+/-Eucalyptus eremicola subsp. peeneri) open low Sandy plain: O 9 subsp. arachnoides (P3) Low woodland, over Triodia melvillei open hummock grassland. 4,807.7 widespread Low Eremophila pungens (P4) +/-Acacia ayersiana/caesaneura (+/-Eucalyptus eremicola subsp. peeneri and Eucalyptus kingsmillii) sparse low woodland, over Acacia ligulata and Acacia Sandy plain: P 11.6 - Low jamesiana sparse mid shrubland, over Halgania cyanea sparse low shrubs, over 1,234.4 widespread Low Triodia basedowii open hummock grassland. Callitris columellaris sparse tall shrubland, over Triodia melvillii open hummock Sandy plain: Q 5.4 - Low grassland. 315.1 widespread Low Melaleuca xerophila open tall shrubland, over Muellerolimon salicorniaceum Fringing salt R 5.4 - High sparse low shrubland, over Eragrostis eriopoda sparse tussock grassland. 404.0 lakes: restricted High Eucalyptus striaticalyx sparse low woodland, over Grevillea sarissa sparse tall Fringing salt W 5.6 - Moderate shrubland, over Lawrencia helmsii sparse low shrubland. 172.9 lakes: restricted Moderate Frankenia confusa (P4) Salt pan: TECT Tecticornia spp. sparse low mixed shrubland. n/a Stackhousia clementii (P3) High 4,184.6 restricted High Tecticornia cymbiformis (P3) ^ Based on Table 5.1.

Toro Energy Limited - Extension to the Wiluna Uranium Project Flora and Vegetation Consolidation and Conservation Assessment

Table 5.3 – Comparison of significant vegetation from previous flora and vegetation assessments ecologia (2015c) Outback Ecology Outback Ecology (2007)Outback Niche (2011) Actis (2012) Niche (2014) (2009) Unit Vegetation description Ecology (2007) Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. obtusa sparse low woodland, over Acacia AC aptaneura and Acacia tetragonophylla sparse tall shrubland, over Eremophila - - Cr - - longifolia, Senna artemisioides and Scaevola spinescens sparse mid shrubland. Acacia aneura/aptaneura/ayersiana/caesaneura open low woodland (+/- Acacia tetragonophylla and Acacia pruinocarpa), over Eremophila forrestii, BIF/ D Eremophila latrobei and Eremophila foliosissima sparse mid shrubland, over - - - - Sh complex Eragrostis eriopoda sparse tussock grassland and Triodia melvillei sparse hummock grassland. Acacia aneura/aptaneura/ayersiana/caesaneura (+/-Eucalyptus gypsophila) sparse low woodland, over Acacia nyssophylla, Eremophila arachnoides subsp. E arachnoides and Acacia victoriae sparse mid to tall shrubland, over Ptilotus - - Ca1 - Ca1 obovatus, Sclerolaena obliquicuspis and Rhagodia eremaea sparse low shrubland, over Eragrostis eriopoda sparse tussock grassland. Melaleuca xerophila open tall shrubland, over Muellerolimon salicorniaceum R Me1 - Fr1 Fr1 - sparse low shrubland, over Eragrostis eriopoda sparse tussock grassland. Eucalyptus striaticalyx sparse low woodland, over Grevillea sarissa sparse tall W - KRE - - - shrubland, over Lawrencia helmsii sparse low shrubland. Halophytic TECT Tecticornia spp. sparse low mixed shrubland. - Sl1 Sl1, Cp2 Sl vegetation

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6 REFERENCES Actis. 2012. Tecticornia review: Wiluna uranium project. Unpublished report for Toro Energy Limited. Beard, J. S. 1976. Vegetation survey of Western Australia - Murchison 1:1 000 000 vegetation series. University of Western Australia Press, Perth. Cowan, M. 2001. Murchison 1 (MUR 1 - East Murchison subregion). 466-479. DEC. 2010. Definitions, categories and criteria for Threatened and Priority Ecological Communities. Department of Environment and Conservation. Government of Western Australia. ecologia. 2015a. Assessment of Tecticornia associated with Lake Way and Lake Maitland. Report by ecologia Environment for Toro Energy Limited. ecologia. 2015b. Maireana prosthecochaeta targeted flora survey. Unpublished report by ecologia Evnironment for Toro Energy Limited. ecologia. 2015c. Millipede to Lake Maitland Haul Road Level 2 flora and vegetation assessment. Report by ecologia Environment for Toro Energy Limited. EPA. 2002. Terrestrial Biological Surveys as an Element of Biodiversity Protection. Position Statement No. 3. Environmental Protection Authority, Western Australia. EPA. 2004. Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors. Guidance Statement 51: Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia. Environmental Protection Authority, Western Australia. ESCAVI. 2003. Australian Vegetation Attribute Manual: National Vegetation Information System (NVIS). Executive Steering Committee for Australian Vegetation Information System (ESCAVI), Australian Government Department of Environment and Heritage, Canberra. Niche Environmental Services. 2011. Assessment of the Flora and Vegetation at the Toro Energy Wiluna Uranium Project: Lake Way, Centripede and West Creek Borefield, unpublished report by Niche Environmental Services for Toro Energy Ltd. Niche Environmental Services. 2014. Assessment of the Flora and Vegetation at the Toro Energy Wiluna Uranium Project: Millipede Project Area, unpublished report by Niche Environmental Services for Toro Energy Ltd. Outback Ecological Services. 2007. Lake Way and Centipede Baseline Vegetation and Flora Survey, Unpublished report for Toro Energy Ltd. Outback Ecology. 2009. Lake Maitland Baseline Vegetation and Flora Surveys - May and November 2007 and May 2009. Unpublished report for Mega Uranium Ltd. Shepherd, D. P., Beeston, G. R., and Hopkins, A. J. M. 2001. Native vegetation in Western Australia: Extent, type and status. Technical Report 249. Department of Agriculture, South Perth, Western Australia.

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APPENDIX A ELECTRONIC APPENDICES

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Provided Electronically:

A.1: Regional site by species matrix A.2 Significant flora location data

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APPENDIX B DENDROGRAM

Vegetation Unit AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AA AB AB AB AB AB AC AC AC AC AC AC AC AC AC AC AC AC AC AC AC BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BB BB BB BB BB BB BB BC BC BC B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E F F F F F F F F F F F F G G G H H H H I I I I I I I I I I I I J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J K K K L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P Q Q Q Q Q Q Q R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S T T T T T T T T T T T U U U U U U U U U U U V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V W W W W W W W W