Violence Againest Women

International Journal on Transformations of Media, Journalism & Mass Communication Vol 2, Issue 1 - 2017 NEWS CONTENT ANALYSIS ABOUT VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN PRINT MEDIA: A STUDY OF MAJOR HINDI NEWSPAPERS PUBLISHED IN JAIPUR

DR. RAMESH KUMAR RAWAT *

ABSTRACT

News related “Violence against women” are regularly published, broadcasting and webcasting through various media. Print media are covering rape, human trafficking, mental torcher, fight, death, protest, bickering, kidnapping, murder, suicide, vulgar comments and other women violence news. Through this research we analyzed news “violence against women” from different major newspapers of Jaipur like Dainik Bhaskar, Rajasthan Patrika and Samachar Jagat. Violence against women is a serious problem in the society and print media play a positive role to expose it. These newspapers concentrate on high profile cases rather than low profile. There search shows that Dainik Bhaskar, Rajasthan Patrika and Samachar Jagat newspaper are providing more space and proper placement to high profile celebrities and popular women violence issues. These newspapers also publishing follow-ups of these stories which have mass impact and influence to readers. Research shows the news related common women are marginalized and some of women violence related news were missing in these newspapers. If a news published in a newspaper than same news not published by another newspaper. So this is necessary for all newspapers to publish every general or high profile women issues in proper manner and its help to remove the social evils of women violence from society.

KEYWORD: Violence, Women, Media, Celebrities.

INTRODUCTION

From ancient time women violence is a social evil Ramayan and Mahabharat period women and it’ saffect to everyone. In Ramayan Kal Devi violence issues regularly come in front of us and Sita faced again pariksha in front of public of built a social evil. Media play a positive role and Ayodhhyato prove her character after completion try to remove this evil from society. At the time of 14 th years vanvas . At the time of Mahabharat of independence various great journalist wrote Dropdi faced cheer haran incident during the many articles, special article on women violence. conflict between Kaurav and Pandavs. Both At present women violence not only on work example sshow the existence of women violence place it is also exists in society. is from Ramayan and Mahabhart period. After

*Associate Professor, Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Manipal University, Jaipur. E-mail Id: [email protected]

Media create awareness for remove women RESEARCH METHODOLOGY violence through published news, article, special article, middles, interview and editorial. In this • News Content Analysis about Violence research paper we try to evaluate role of various against Women in Dainik Bhaskar, Rajasthan major newspaper to create awareness for Patrika and Samachar Jagat Newspapers confiscate women violence through news. • News Content Analysis related to women violence News published in Dainik Bhaskar, OBJECTIVE: OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH Rajasthan Patrika and Samachar Jagat ASS UNDER Newspapers for One week from 28 th March, 2016 to 3 rd April, 2016 a. To evaluate women violence news and photographs published by newspaper HYPOTHESIS: AS PER ABOVE b. To evaluate placing of the women’s violence MENTIONED OBJECTIVE HYPOTHESIS AS news and photograph in the newspaper UNDER. c. To find space provide to women violence news and photograph in newspaper 1. Every newspaper publishing women violence news and photographs related from high REVIEW OF LITERATURE profile and celebratory on priority basis with proper placing in good space and normal Many books, articles, Analytical article and news not publishing on priority basis and not special article published by various newspaper with proper placing and not with good space. and magazines on violence against women and role of media but no one specific article published on the same subject. Table 1.Women’s Violence News Story Publish In Dainik Bhaskar Newspaper From 28 th March 2016 To 3 rd April, 2016

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Table 2.Women Violence News Story Publish in Rajasthan Patrika Newspaper From 28th march 2016 to 3rd April, 2016

Table 3.Women Violence News Story Publish in Samachar Jagat Newspaper From 28th March 2016 to 3rd April, 2016

Table 4.Women Violence News Story Publish in Dainik Bhaskar, Rajasthan Patrika and Samachar Jagat Newspaper From 28th march 2016 to 3rd April, 2016, S. Newspaper Total News Total no. of Photo Tot al No. of To Column No. name Publish Published Column News Photograph Publish 1 Dainik 13 3 30 6 Bhaskar 2 Rajasthan 16 5 29 6 patrika 3 Samachaar 11 3 28.5 3 Jagat 40 11 87.5 15

1. As per Bar Graph 1 –Table 4 we can see No. Published in all three newspapers. Total of news and news in total column is publish column news is publish 87.5 and total column more than comparative in no. of photograph photograph 15 published in all three and column of photographs in Dainik newspaper. We can see in both Bar graph 1 Bhaskar, Rajasthan Patrika and Samachar and 2 – Table 4 total news and total column Jagat Newspaper. Total news 13 and total no news is more than comparative in no. of of photo 3 published in Dainik Bhaskar, Total photograph and total column of photographs news 16 and total photo publish in Rajasthan in all three newspapers. Patrika, Total news 11 and Total photo 3 3. From Bar Graph –Table 1 We can see Publish in Samachar Jagat newspaper. Total maximum 16 women violence news publish news in column 30 and total photograph in in Rajasthan patrika and Maximum column column 6 is published In Dainik Bhaskar, Tital news 30 published by Dainik Bhaskar news in column 29 and total photograph in newspaper. column 6 published in Rajasthan patrika, 4. From Bar Graph –Table 1 We can see Total news in column 28.5 and Total maximum photograph 5 and published in Photograph in column 3 publish In Samachar Rajasthan patrika and maximum equally Jagat Newspaper. photograph in 6 column published in 2. As per Bar Graph 2 –Table 4 we can see Total Rajasthan patrika and Dainik Bhaskar No. of news 40 and total no. of photo 11 Newspapers.

Bar Graph 1 – Table 4

Bar Graph 2 – Table 4

As per Pai graph 1 Table 4 we can see maximum 40% news publish in number in Rajasthan patrika newspaper and minimum 28% news publish in Samachar Jagat Newspaper.

Pai Graph 1 – Table 4

As per Pai graph 2 Table 4 we can see maximum 46% women violence photo published in number in Rajasthan patrika newspaper and minimum 27% equally photo publish in Dainik Bhaskar and Samachar Jagat Newspaper.

Pai Graph 2 – Table 4

As per Pai graph 3 Table 4 we can see maximum 34% news publish in Column in Dainik Bhaskar newspaper and minimum 33% news in column equally published in Rajasthan patrika and Samachar Jagat Newspaper.

Pai Graph 3 – Table 4

As per Pai graph 4 Table 4 we can see maximum 40% phot publish in column equally in Dainik Bhaskar and Rajasthan patrika newspaper and minimum 20% photo published in Samachar Jagat Newspaper.

Pai Graph 4 – Table 4

As per Pai graph 5 Table 4 we can see maximum 78% no. of news publish in number in all three newspapers and minimum 22% photo in numbers published in all Newspapers.

Pai Graph 5 – Table 4

As per Pai graph 6 Table 4 we can see maximum 85% news in column publish in all three newspapers and minimum 15% photographs in column published in all Newspapers.

Pai Graph 6 – Table 4

Table 5.Type of the News Story Publish In Dainik Bhaskar, Rajasthan Patrika, Samachar Jagat in Numbers

Newspaper Newspaper Rape Misbehave Kidnapping Murder Charge or Murder of Protest Vulgar Video and Blackmailing Fight Bickering Mental Torcher Human Trafficking Dainik Bhaskar 3 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 Rajasthan Patrika 4 0 0 5 2 0 1 0 0 2 Samachar Jagat 3 0 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 10 1 3 9 7 2 3 1 1 1

Bar Graph 1- Table 5

1. As per Bar Graph 1- Table 5 We can see news equally 3 each and Attempt to murder Maximum 4 Rape news published in 2 each. Three Protest news maximum Rajasthan patrika and 5 news related from published by Dainik Bhaskar Newspaper and Attempt to Murder. Dainik Bhaskar and Human Trafficking news maximum two news Samachar Jagat Newspaper published Rape publish by Rajasthan patrika in seven days.

2. As per bar Graph 2- table 5 we can see all on protest, 3 news on kidnaping and fight, 2 three newspapers published maximum 10 on vulgarity and blackmailing and one each news on rape and 9 news on attempt to news on Misbehave, Bickering, Mental murder. These newspapers published 7 news Torcher and Human trafficking.

Bar Graph 2- Table 5

Pai Graph 1 – Table 5

1. As per Pai Graph 1- Table 5 we can see Dainik 2. As per Pai Graph 2 – Table 5 we can see Bhaskar Published 20% news equally on Rape Rajasthan Patrika Newspaper published 29% and Protest, 13 % on Charge of Murder, 7 % news on rape, 36% on Murder or Charge of equally on vulgar Video and Blackmailing, murder, 14% equally on Protest and Human Fight, Bickering, Mental Torcher, Human Trafficking,7 % on Fight and no news publish Trafficking and 6% equally on Misbehave and on rest of the women violence during the Kidnapping. seven days.

Pai Graph 2 – Table 5

Pai Graph 3 – Table 5

3. As per Pai Graph 3 – Table 5 we can see 4. As per Pai Graph 4 – Table 5 we can see Samachar Jagat published maximum 28% maximum 26% news publish by all three news on rape, 18% equally on Kidnaping, newspapers, 24% news on Murder or Charge Murder or charge of murder and on protest, of murder, 18% on protest, 8% equally on 9% equally on Vulgar video and Blackmailing Kidnapping and Fight, 5% on Vulgar Video, and on Fight.Rest of the women violence 3% equally on bickering, Mental Torcher and news not published by Samachar Jagat Human Trafficking and 2% on Misbehave in Newspaper. seven days.

Pai Graph 4 – Table 5

Table 6.Type of the Women Violence News Story Publish In Dainik Bhaskar, Rajasthan Patrika, Samachar Jagat in Column

Newspaper Newspaper Rape Misbehave Kidnaping Murder or Charge Murder of Protest Vulgar Video and Blackmailing Fight Bickering Mental Torcher Human Trafficking Dainik Bhaskar 5 3 1.5 10 5.5 1 1 1 2 1 Rajasthan Patrika 6 0 0 9 8 0 2 0 0 3 Samachar Jagat 8 0 5 6 6 1 2.5 0 0 0 19 3 6.5 25 19.5 2 5.5 1 2 4

1. As per Bar Graph 1 – Table 6 we can see Rape video and Blackmailing news equally publish news is publish in maximum in column by in one column by Dainik Bhaskar and Samachar Jagat newspaper in total 8 column Samachar Jagat newspaper. Women violence and minimum 5 column publish by Dainik fight news publish by all newspapers but Bhaskar newspaper. Misbehave news publish maximum space in 2.5 column given by only by Dainik Bhaskar Newspaper. Samachar Jagat newspaper. Human Kidnapping news publish by Samachar Jagat Trafficking news publish in 3 column by maximum in 5 column and minimum in 1.5 Rajasthan Patrika. column by Dainik Bhaskar. Murder or Charge 2. As per Bar Graph 2 – Table 6 we can see of murder news published by maximum in 10 Maximum media coverage given by the all column by Dainik Bhaskar and Minimum in 6 newspaper to Murder related news and they column by Samachar Jagat Newspaper. published in 25 column, secondly they Women Violence news related from protest published Protest news in 19.5 and rape in 19 published by maximum in 8 column by column. Kidnapping in 6.5, Fight in 5.5, Rajasthan Patrika and Minimum in 5.5 Human trafficking in 3, Mental Torcher in two column by Dainik Bhaskar Newspaper. Vulgar column by all newspapers.

Bar Graph 1 – Table 6

Bar Graph 2 – Table 6

Pai Graph 1 – Table 6

1. As per above mention Pai Graph 1 – Table 6 to Rape news. 10% to misbehave, 7% mental we can see Maximum 32% media coverage in torcher, 5% to kidnapping and 3% equally to column given by Dainik Bhaskar newspaper other women violence news publish in to Murder related news. Secondly 18% media column. coverage in column to Protest news and 16%

Pai Graph 2 – Table 6

2. As per Pai graph 2- Table 6 we can see 29% column to Murder related news, 21% to rape, Media Coverage given by Rajasthan Patrika 11% to Human Trafficking, 7% to fight and to Protest News, 32 % maximum coverage in rest of women violence news not published .

Pai Graph 3 – Table 6

3. As per Pai Graph 3 - Table 6 we can see 28% Protest news in Column, 9% to Fight and 3% maximum media coverage given by Samachar to vulgar related news and rest of the women Jagat newspaper to rape news, 21% equally violence news not published. media coverage to Murder related and

Pai Graph 4 – Table 6

3. As per above mentioned Pai Graph – Table 6 and rape news and they published 29% to we can see all newspaper gave priority to HI Murder related news and 22% equally to profile murder related news, Protest News Protest and Rape news. Table 7.Women Violence News Story Publish In Dainik Bhaskar, Rajasthan Patrika, Samachar Jagat as per Page wise in Column Newspaper Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 13 17 Dainik Bhaskar 15.5 0 1 7.5 0 4 2 0 0 0 Rajasthan 7 0 0 9 4 2 0 1 3 3 Patrika Samachar Jagat 12 8.5 0 0 0 1.5 6.5 0 0 0 Total 34.5 8.5 1 16.5 4 7.5 8.5 1 3 3

1. As per above mention Table 7 and Bar Graph Samachar Jagat on page no 3. On rest of the 1 – Table 7 we can see Maximum news In page they published as per their policy or column published on page no. 1 by Dainik may be space availability or nature of news. Bhaskar and Samachar Jagat newspaper with 2. Finaly As per Bar Graph 2 –Table 7 we can 15.5 and 12 columns. Rajasthan Patrika see maximum news in column on women Published on page no. 5 with 9 columns. violence published on Page one and secondly Secondly Dainik bhaskar published on page on Page five. They also publish these news on five, Rajasthan Patrika on page no. one and page 3,7 and 8.

Bar Graph 1 – Table 7

Pai Graph 1 – Table 7

1. As per Pai Graph 1 – Table 7 we can see 52% 30% on page 3, 23% on Page 8, 5% on page 7 women violence news published on page 1, in Samachar jagat newspaper. 25% on page five, 13% on page 7, 7% on 3. Finally as per Pai graph 4 – Table 7 we can page 8 and 3% on Page 4 in Dainik Bhaskar see Maximum 39% women violence news newspaper. published on page 1, 10% on Page 3, 1% on 1. As per Pai Graph 2 – Table 7 we can see 24% Page 4, 19% on Page 5, 5% on page 6, 9% on women violence news published on page 1, page 7, 10% on page 8, 1% on page 9, 3% 31% on page five, 14% on Page6, 7% on page equally on page 13 1nd 17 published in 7, 10% equally on page 13 and 17 and 4% on column by Dainik Bhaskar, Rajasthan Patrika Page 9 in Rajasthan Patrika Newspaper. and Samachar Jagat Newspaper. 2. As per Pai Graph 3 – Table 7 we can see 42% women violence news published on page 1,

Pai Graph 2 – Table 7

Pai Graph 3 – Table 7

Pai Graph 4 – Table 7

Table 8.Women Violence News Story Publish In Dainik Bhaskar, Rajasthan Patrika, Samachar Jagat as per Page wise in Number Newspaper Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 13 17 Dainik Bhaskar 4 0 1 5 0 2 1 0 0 0 Rajasthan 3 0 0 5 3 1 0 1 2 1 Patrika Samachar Jagat 4 4 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 Total 11 4 1 10 3 4 3 1 1 1

Bar Graph 1 – Table 8

Bar Graph 2 – Table 8

1. As per Bar Graph 1 and 2- Table 8 we can see 2. As per Pai Graph 1- Table 8 we can see maximum women violence news published Maximum 27% news published on page no. on page no. 1 and Page No. 5 in Rajasthan 1, 10% on page 3, 2% on page 4, 25% on page Patrika, Dainik Bhaskar newspapers and 5, 7% on page 6, 10% on page 7, 8% on 8, 3% overall also. On page no. 3 and page no. 7 equally on page 9 and 17 and 5% on page 13. and on other pages they publish women violence news less comparatively.

Pai Graph 1 – Table 8

Pai Graph 2 – Table 8

Pai Graph 3 – Table 8

Pai Graph 4 – Table 8

3. As per Pai Graph 2- Table 8 we can see on page no. 5 , 6% equally on page no. 7,9 maximum news publish in dainik bhaskar and 17 and 13% on page no. 13 in Rajasthan 31% and 38 % on Page no 1 and page no.5, patrika newspaper. 15% on page no. 7 and 8% equally on page 5. As per Pai Graph 4 and table 8 we can see No. 4 and page no 8 in Dainik Bhaskar Maximum women violence news 37% and Newspaper. 36% published on page no. 1 and 3, 9% on 4. As per Pai Graph 3 and Table 8 we can see 19 Page no. 7 and 18% on page no. 8. In % equally news on women violence Samachar Jagat newspaper. published on Page no.1 and 6, Maximum 31% Table 9.Women Violence Photographs Publish In Dainik Bhaskar, Rajasthan Patrika, Samachaar Jagat as per Page wise in Number Newspaper Page 1 Page 7 Page 13 Dainik Bhaskar 3 0 0 Rajasthan Patrika 3 1 1 Samachar Jagat 3 0 0

Bar Graph 1 – Table 9

As per bar Graph 1 and Table 9 we can see Dainik on page no. 7 and 13 and from Bar Graph 2 Table Bhaskar, Rajasthan Patrika and Samachar Jagat 9 we can see Maximum 9 photographs published newspaper equally 3 photographs published on on page no. 1. page no. 1, Rajasthan Patrika 1 Photo Published

Bar Graph 2 – Table 9

Pai Graph 1 – Table 9

1. As per pai Graph 1 Table 9 we can see Dainik Bhaskar and Samachar Jagat maximum 82% photo publish on page 1 by all newspapers . three newspaper and 9% equaly on page 7 3. As per Pai Graph 3- Table 9 we can see 60% and Page 13. photograph published on page no.1 and 20% 2. As per Pai Graph 2 and 4 – Table 9 we can see equally published on page no 7 and 13 by 100% photograph publish on page 1 by Rajasthan patrika newspapers.

Pai Graph 2 – Table 9

Pai Graph 3 – Table 9

Pai Graph 4 – Table 9

Table 10.Total photograph and total news Published By Dainik Bhaskar, Rajasthan patrika, Samachar Jagat newspaper S. No. Newspaper Total News Total photo 1 Dainik Bhaskar 13 3 2 Rajasthan Patrika 16 5 3 Samachar Jagat 11 3 40 11

Bar Graph 1 – Table 10

As per Bar Graph 1 Table 10 we can see As per bar Graph 2 and Table 10 we can see all Maximum news and photograph 16 and 5 in newspaper published 40 news and 11 numbers published by Rajasthan Patrika, 13 and 3 photograph and we can see in pai graph 1 –Table by Dainik Bhaskar, 11 and 3 by Samachar Jagat 10 78% news and 22% photograph published by newspaper on women violence. all three newspapers.

Bar Graph 2 – Table 10

Pai Graph 1 – Table 10

Pai Graph 2 – Table 10

Pai Graph 3 – Table 10

Pai Graph 4 – Table 10 As per Pai Graph 2, 3 and 4 and Table 10 we can news in column rather than Photographs in see Dainik Bhaskar newspaper published 81% and number and columns. 19% news and photographs, Rajasthan Patrika 7. As per research Maximum photographs Published 76% and 24% news and Photographs published by Rajasthan Patrika Newspaper. and Samachar Jagat published 79 % and 21% 8. All newspaper publish Maximum Rape and news and photograph in percentage on women attempt to high profile murder news in violence. numbers, column and in percentage on priority basis. All newspapers also published FINDINGS all type of women violence news. As per above mentioned Table 1 to 10 and its Bar 9. All newspapers published high profile case and Pai Graph findings as under. news and mass impact able news on front page. 1. In most of the women violence news age of victim and age of criminal not mentioned. 10. All newspaper published maximum news related from women violence on front page 2. In most of the news background detail about the victim is available but full detail about the and on page no.5. criminals is not mentioned. 11. All newspapers published maximum news on Murder or charge of murder, rape and 3. In all women violence cases we found most of the age group of the victim is between 15 Protest with provide maximum space in to 45 and in rape case minimum 9 month to column but they provide space on front page 40 years. to high profile cases. 12. Maximum women violence news is show that 4. In these newspaper many news are same but every newspaper write to it in different style. news not publishes through the process of on One newspaper put more fact in a particular the spot reporting. It shows these news news and another newspaper published it publish through or collect maximum with less facts and cover only 5W and 1H. information from the police station. 13. As per research we found newspaper not 5. Research shows the reason of the rape in most of the cases was love relationship and published photographs with maximum news. marriage issues. In these kind of cases victim They published photo in case high profile or file issue in police if she did not get marriage celebrities women violence cases. from her lover. RECOMMENDATIONS 6. As per above mentioned graph we can see clearly all newspaper published maximum no. 1. All newspaper should give proper space and of news with column and maximum % on more focus onnormal/general and other type

of women violence cases news story. So 11. Newspaper should publish and focused on police, Judiciary, Government will work prevent women violence through women properly and take action with immediate safety awareness news. effect on such kind of simple cases also. It CONCLUSION will be helpful to remove social evils from society and create awareness public also. As per research on “News Content Analysis about 2. All these newspaper should publish violence against Women in Print Media: A Study photograph of offended/criminals on priority of Major Hindi Newspapers Published in Jaipur” basis comparative victims person. we can see all newspaper focus on high profile 3. All newspaper need to publish missing news case, rape case but not on normal cases. They are on next day. They should develop network or giving proper placing and space only to high more trend to reporters for collect all news profile news. As per research Dainik Bhaskar, on same day and also trend to sub editors for Rajasthan Patrika and Samachar Jagat newspaper publish maximum news with proper editing. publish women violence news in maximum 4. All newspaper should give instructions to numbers but publish less photographs. All reporters for mentioned full detail about the newspaper need to improve their reporting style, criminal than it will be helpful for the police more focus on “on the spot reporting”, provide to caught/identified criminals. more content and facts in news with proper 5. Print media should create awareness among editing. Newspaper or print media houses need the public for take care of girls/women, to develop network for stop missing news. They about their self-defense and its training also. should publish and focused on prevent women It will be helpful for save girl and women violence through women safety awareness news. from the violence. REFERENCES 6. This is necessary for all newspaper to publish news with desire detail and facts, so reader [1]. http://epaper.bhaskar.com/Jaipur/14/29 can understand in depth of the women 032016/0/1/. Accessed on: Mar 29, 2016. violence and aware about the crime and [2]. http://epaper.bhaskar.com/Jaipur/14/29 criminals activities. It will be helpful for them 032016/0/1/. Accessed on: Mar 29, 2016. to keep safe and take precaution for safety of [3]. http://epaper.bhaskar.com/Jaipur/14/30 the women in house and outside of the 032016/0/1/. Accessed on: Mar 30, 2016. house. [4]. http://epaper.bhaskar.com/Jaipur/14/30 7. Most of the rape case related from girls 032016/0/1/. Accessed on: Mar 30, 2016. student. So this is necessary for the school [5]. http://epaper.bhaskar.com/Jaipur/14/31 management, college management to create 032016/0/1/. Accessed on: Mar 31, 2016. awareness among the students about the [6]. http://epaper.bhaskar.com/Jaipur/14/31 women violence and give them safety tips. 032016/0/1/. Accessed on: Mar 31, 2016. 8. Need to published more photographs related [7]. http://epaper.bhaskar.com/Jaipur/14/01 from women violence or criminals. 042016/0/1/. Accessed on: Apr 1, 2016. 9. All newspaper should provide women [8]. http://epaper.bhaskar.com/Jaipur/14/01 violence news with more detail. 042016/0/1/. Accessed on: Apr 1, 2016. 10. If all media publish small to small news [9]. http://epaper.bhaskar.com/Jaipur/14/01 related from women violence with proper 042016/0/1/. Accessed on: Apr 1, 2016. space and placing than it will be help to [10]. http://epaper.bhaskar.com/Jaipur/14/02 create awareness among the public for 042016/0/1/. Accessed on: Apr 2, 2016. women violence.

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