Annual Report of the Department of Education

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Public Document No. 2

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ANNUAL REPORT

OF ' VHK Department of Education

Year ending November 30, 1934

Issued in Accordance with Section 2 op Chapter 69 OF THE General Laws

Part I

Publication of this DocimENT approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance

1500. 6-'35. Order 4455.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PAYSON SMITH, Commissioner of Education Members of Advisory Board Ex officio The Commissioner of Education, Chairman Term expires 1935. Grace S. Mansfield, 34 Elm Hill Ave., Roxbury 1935. Mrs. Anna M. Power, 15 Ashland Street, Worcester 1936. Henry B. Sawyer, 85 Devonshire Street, Boston 1936. Walter V. McDuffee, 153 Westminster St., Springfield 1937. Lincoln Filene, 426 Washington Street, Boston 1937. Thomas H. Sullivan, Slater Building, Worcester George H. Varney, Business Agent Arthur B. Lord, Supervisor of Office Organization Division of Elementary and Secondary Education and State Teachers Colleges FRANK W. WRIGHT, Director Supervisors Burr F. Jones, Elementary Education Jerome Burtt, Secondary Education Arthur B. Lord, Educational Research and Statistics, Special Schools and Classes Harry E. Gardner, Teacher Placement Carl L. Schrader, Physical Education Alma Porter, Assistant, Physical Education Ida E. Scheie, Assistant, Safety Education Presidents of State Teachers Colleges and the Massachusetts School of Art Zenos E. Scott, Bridgewater Clarence M. Weed, Lowell Charles M. Herlihy, Fitchburg Albert G. Eldridge, North Adams Francis A. Bagnall, Framingham J. Asbury Pitman, Salem Herbert H. Howes, Hyannis Charles Russell, Westfield William B. Aspinwall, Worcester C. Edward Newell, Massachusetts School of Art, Boston Division of Vocational Education ROBERT 0. SMALL, Director Supervisors Subdivision of Supervision RuFUS W. Stimson, Field of Agricultural Schools and Departments Daniel H. Shay, Field of Industrial Schools for Boys and Men Frank L. Allen, Field of Vocational Art Education in Industry and Business Caroline H. Wilson, Assistant, Fields of Industrial Schools, Household Arts Schools and Departments, and Continuation Schools fSr Girls and Women Verna Payson, Assistant, Field of Household Arts Schools and Departments Subdivision of Vocational Teacher-Training M. NORCROSS Stratton, Co-ordinator, Teacher-Training and Supervision, and Fields of Industrial Schools for Boys and Men, and Continuation Schools for Boys Franklin E. Heald, Field of Agricultural Schools and Departments {Resident, Massachusetts State College, Amherst) Winthrop S. Welles, Part-time Assistant, Field of Agricultural Schools and De- partments {Resident, Massachusetts State College, Amherst) Frederick A. Coates, Assistant, Field of Industrial Schools for Boys and Men John I. Lusk, Assistant, Field of Continuation Schools for Boys Edwin K. Ford, Co-ordinator, Vocational Guidance and Placement, Field of General Vocational Schools Anna A. Kloss, Fields of Industrial Schools, Household Arts Schools and Depart- ments, and Continuation Schools for Girls and Women Martha T. Wonson, Assistant, Field of Household Arts Schools and Departments Verna Payson, Assistant, Field of Household Arts Schools and Departments Lou Lombard, Assistant, Field of Household Arts {Resident, Framingham State Teachers College) 2 P.D. 2. Subdivision of Administration Carl E. Herrick, All Fields Rehabilitation Section Herbert A. Dallas, Supervisor Edward D. Callahan, Assistant Supervisor Henry Heim, Assistant Supervisor Katherine MacLarnie, Assistant Supervisor

Division of University Extension JAMES A. MOYER, Director Supervisors John F. Wostrel, Supervisor in Education E. Everett Clark, Adult Alien Education Mary L. Guyton, Adult Alien Education Helen B. Garrity, Assistant, Class Organization Ellen Fitzpatrick, Registrar

Ursula K. Toomey, Field Agent in the Connecticut Valley »

Division of Immigration and Americanization MISS MARY A. BARE, Director Term expires Members of Advisory Board 1935. Thomas Pappas, Belmont 1935. Charles M. Herlihy, Fitchburg 1936. Mrs. Charles H. Danforth, Jamaica Plain 1936. B. Preston Clark, Boston 1937. May R. Shoolman, Brookline 1937. Mrs. Eva Whiting White, Boston Alice W. O'Connor, Supervisor of Social Service James J. McGuinn, District Immigration Agent {New Bedford) Patrick J, Hurley, District Immigration Agent (Fall River) George P. Lovett, District Immigration Agent {Springfield) Joseph A. Donovan, District Immigration Agent {Lawrence) William F. Kelleher, District Immigration Agent {Worcester)

Division of the Blind WILLIAM H. McCarthy, Director Term expires Members of Commission 1935. Mrs. Carl L. Schrader, Belmont 1936. Arthur F. Sullivan, Boston 1937. Mrs. Homer Gage, Worcester 1938. Edward E. Allen, Cambridge 1939. Edward J. Wall, Melrose Florence W. Birchard, Employment Joseph S. Phelps, Census Edith R. Ervin, Employment Mary W. Richardson, Social Work Francis B. Ierardi, Relief Ida E. Ridgeway, Work for Children Helen E. Jowders, Work for Children Fred V. Walsh, Relief Theodore C. Leutz, Census Louise C. Wright, Employment Helen F. O'Leary, Accountant Florence E. Cummings, Manager, Salesroom

Division of Public Libraries EDWARD H. REDSTONE, Director Term expires Board of Commissioners 1938. Edward H. Redstone, Cambridge, Chairman 1936. Anna M, Bancroft, Hopedale, Secretary 1935. Rev. John A. Butler, Cambridge 1937. Mrs. Augustus L. Thorndike, Brewster 1939. HiLLER C. Wellman, Springfield Edith Kathleen Jones, General Secretary and Library Adviser E. Louise Jones, Field Library Adviser P.D. 2. Teachers' Retirement Board CLAYTON L. LENT, Secretary Members of the Board Ex officio PAYSON SMITH, Commissio7ier of Education Term expires 1934. Elizabeth F. Wassum, Springfield 1934. Harry Smalley, Fall River

Massachusetts Nautical School WILLIAM H. DIMICK, Secretary Board of Commissioners Term expires 1935. William E. McKay, Boston, Chairman 1936. Theodore L Storer, Cambridge 1937 Clarence E. Perkins, Winthrop

Massachusetts State College, Amherst HUGH P. BAKER, President Trustees Ex officio His Excellency Joseph B. Ely Ex officio Payson Smith, Commissioner of Education Ex officio Arthur W. Gilbert, Commissioner of Agriculture Ex officio Hugh P. Baker, President of the College Term expires 1935. John Chandler, Sterling Junction 1935. Frederick D. Griggs, Springfield 1936. Nathaniel I. Bowditch, Framingham

1936. Howard S. Russell, Waltham • >> a.^^ 1937. Mrs. Joseph S. Leach, Walpole 1937. James F. Bacon, Boston 1938. Harold L. Frost, Arlington 1938. Mrs. Charles H. Wilson, Pittsfield 1939. David H. Buttrick, Arlington 1939. David J. Malcolm, Charlemont 1940. Davis R. Dewey, Cambridge 1940. John F. Gannon, Pittsfield 1941. Joseph W. Bartlett, Newton 1941. Philip F. Whitmore, Sunderland Officers of the Trustees His Excellency Joseph B. Ely, President Nathaniel I. Bowditch, Framingham, Vice-President Robert D. Hawley, Amherst, Secretary Fred C. Kenney, Amherst, Treasurer

The Bradford Durfee Textile School, Fall River HENRY W. NICHOLS, Principal Trustees Ex officio His Honor Joseph L. Hurley, Mayor Ex officio Payson Smith, Commissioner of Education Ex officio Hector L. Belisle, Superintendent of Schools Term expires 1936. James Sinclair, Fall River, President 1936. John S. Brayton, Fall River, Vice-President 1937. John Goss, Fall River, Clerk and Treasurer 1935. Arthur S. Phillips, Fall River 1935. Edward B. Varney, Fall River 1935. James Tansey, Fall River 1935. Frank E. Arnzen, Fall River 1935. Alexander Harley, Fall River 1936. Frank L. Carpenter, Fall River 4 P.D. 2. 1936. Daniel J. Sullivan, Fall River 1936. Charles N. Bowen, Fall River 1937. Thomas B. Bassett, Fall River 1937. Frederic F. Bergeron, Fall River 1937. James A. Burke, Jr., Fall River

Lowell Textile Institute CHARLES H. FAMES, President Trustees Ex officio His Honor James J. Bruin, Mayor Ex officio Payson Smith, Commissioner of Education Term expires 1936. Royal P. White, Lowell, Chairman 1935. Frederick A. Flather, Lowell, Vice-Chairman 1935. Irving Southworth, Andover 1935. Nellie C. Boutwell, Maiden 1935. Henry A. Bodwell, Andover 1935. Edward M. Abbot, Westford 1936. Tracy A. Adams, North Adams 1936. Edward B. Wentworth, Maiden 1936. Philip S. Marden, Lowell 1936. Charles W. Churchill, Lowell 1937. Vincent M. McCartin, Lowell 1937. John A. Calnin, Lowell 1937. Thomas T. Clark, Billerica 1937. George M. Harrigan, Lowell 1937. Stanley H. Wheelock, Uxbridge New Bedford Textile School JOSEPH H. HANDFORD, Principal Maud L. Clark, Treasurer Trustees Ex officio His Honor Charles S. Ashley, Mayor Ex offiicio Payson Smith, Commissioner of Education Ex officio Allen P. Keith, Superintendent of Schools Term expires 1936. John T. Kirk, New Bedford, President 1935. LiLA A. Neves, New Bedford 1935. Benjamin S. Proud, New Bedford 1935. Fred H. McDevitt, New Bedford 1935. Thomas F. Glennon, New Bedford 1936. Charles M. Holmes, New Bedford 1936. Charles F. Prior, Fairhaven 1936. James O. Thompson, Jr., New Bedford 1936. Earl R. W. Bates, New Bedford 1937. Samuel Ross, New Bedford 1937. John J. Barnes, Fairhaven 1937. Elton S. Wilde, New Bedford 1937. George Walker, New Bedford 1937. John A. Shea, Taunton FORMER MEMBERS OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OR THE ADVISORY BOARD Original Members—1837 James G. Carter Horace Mann Thomas Robbins Emerson Davis Edward A. Newton Jared Sparks Edmund Dwight Robert Rantoul, Jr. Appointed Since George Putnam Russell Tomlinson Francis A. Walker Charles Hudson Erastus 0. Haven Edward C. Carrigan George N. Briggs David H. Mason Horace E. Scudder P.D. 2. William G. Bates John P. Marshall Elmer H. Capen John W. James Emory Washburn Kate Gannett Wells Elisha Bartlett Abner J. Phipps Alice Freeman Palmer Heman Humphrey James Freeman Clarke George I. Aldrich Stephen C. PhiUips William Rice George H. Conley Barnas Sears John D. Philbrick Joel D. Miller Edwin H. Chapin Samuel T. Seelye Franklin Carter Henry B. Hooker George T. Wilde Clinton Q. Richmond Stephen P. Webb Gardiner G. Hubbard CaroHne Hazard Thomas Kinnicutt Alonzo A. Miner Albert E. Winship Joseph W. Ingraham Henrj^ Chapin Thomas B. Fitzpatrick John A. BoUes Constantine C. Esty Frederick P. Fish George B. Emerson Edward B. Gillett Sarah Louise Arnold Charles K. True Phillips Brooks Simeon B. Chase Mark Hopkins Christopher C. Hussey Levi L. Conant Edward Otheman Charles B. Rice Frederick W. Hamilton Isaac Davis Elijah B. Stoddard Paul H. Hanus Alexander H. Vinton Horatio G. Knight Jeremiah E. Burke George S. Boutwell Abby W. May James Chalmers Henry Wheatland Charles Francis Adams, Jr. Margaret Slattery Hosea Ballou Milton B. Whitney Samuel L. Powers Ariel Parish Thomas Wentworth Hig- Michael J. Downey Cornelius C. Felton ginson George H. Wrenn Alonzo H. Quint Admiral P. Stone Arthur H. Lowe William A. Stearns Ella Lyman Cabot

Ex-Officiis.—Governors Edward Everett William Claflin Frederic T. Greenhalge Marcus Morton William B. Washburn Roger Wolcott John Davis William Gaston W. Murray Crane George N. Briggs Alexander H. Rice John L. Bates George S. Boutwell Thomas Talbot William L. Douglas John H. Clifford John D. Long Curtis Guild, Jr. Emory Washburn Benjamin F. Butler Eben S. Draper Henry J. Gardner George D. Robinson Eugene N. Foss Nathaniel P. Banks Oliver Ames David I. Walsh John A. Andrew John Q. A. Brackett Samuel W. McCall Alexander H. Bullock William E. Russell Calvin Coolidge Ex-Officiis.—Lieutenant-Governors George Hull Eliphalet Trask Byron Weston Henry H. ChUds John Z. Goodrich Oliver Ames John Reed John Nesmith William H. Haile Henry W. Cushman Joel Havden Louis A. Frothingham Elisha Huntington WiUiam' Claflin Robert Luce William C. Plunkett Joseph Tucker Edward P. Barry Simon Brown Thomas Talbot Grafton D. Gushing Henry W. Benchley Horatio G. Knight Channing H. Cox Secretaries of the Board 1837-1848. Horace Mann 1877-1893. John W. Dickinson 1849-1855. Barnas Sears 1894-1902. Frank A. Hill 1856-1860. George S. Boutwell 1903-1904. C. B. Tillinghast 1861-1876. Joseph White 1904-1915. George Martin Commissioners of Education 1909-1915. David Snedden 1916- Payson Smith —

P.D. 2.

ANNUAL REPORT REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER

Legislative Proposals, 1935

The Department of Education presents the following recommendations for legislation as set forth in the drafts of biUs submitted to the General Court:

I. Raising the Age Limit for Compulsory School Attendance for Minors from Fourteen to Sixteen Years.—In several ways the laws of Massachusetts relative to compulsory school attendance fall considerably behind the laws of other States with relation to the practices which now prevail as a result of changing conditions within the industries and the operation of national legislation. The Department proposes changes in the present law, as follows: Advance the age at which minors may be legally employed from fourteen to sixteen years of age, and require minors between sixteen and seventeen to be in school or at work properly certificated. Increase the grade educational requirement, except in cases of physical or mental deficiencies, two or more grades to the completion of the eighth grade, or eight years at school (now sixth grade, or seven years in school). Retain for minors leaving school to go to work at sixteen (except high school graduates) one school year of continuation school education and guidance—sixteen to seventeen, one full day's session per week (now two years—fourteen to sixteen, four hours per week). Specifically open the continuation school for full-time attendance in employment preparation classes of minors who are at least fourteen j^ears of age and who have completed the sixth grade (now four hours per week for employed minors and twenty hours per week for those temporarily out of employment—fourteen to sixteen j^ears of age). Require co-operative pupils to be sixteen years of age (now fourteen).

II. Increasing the Required Number of Days of Elementary School from 160 to 180.—Since 1898 the law has required towns to maintain elementary schools either for 8 months, 32 weeks, or 160 days during the school year. The law requires high schools to be in session 180 days during each school year. In general practice, the grade and high schools operate on the same school calendar, and the school year in both schools is equal in length. That the law may conform to present-day educational needs, I recommend that the legal requirement of 160 days of elementary school during the school year be changed to 180 days.

III. Transportation of Physically Handicapped Children.—Massachusetts has been recognized for many years as one of the leading States in offering educational opportunities to handicapped children. There are within the Commonwealth many children who are able to attend school but who are unable to walk to and from school. Often parents are unable to furnish transportation. I recommend that towns be required to furnish transportation for such children when, in the opinion of the school physician, such transportation is necessary.

IV. Printed Material for Use in Connection with Physical Examination to be Furnished Boards of Health.—Section 58 of chapter 71, General Laws, now provides $800 annually to be expended by the Department for printing and distributing material used in connection with the physical examination of school children. At present the Department is authorized to supply such material to school conunittees. In many cities the physical examination of school children is made by boards of health. In view of this fact, I reconamend that $1,200 be provided annually, and that the Department be authorized to distribute printed material used in connection with the physical examination of school children to school committees and to boards of health. P.D. 2. 7 V. Outside Courses for Pupils at the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts School for the Blind.—Section 26 of chapter 69, General Laws, authorizes the Department, with the approval of the Governor, to place bUnd children in the Perkins Institu- tion and Massachusetts School for the Blind for a period of ten years, and provides in the cases of meritorious pupils that the Department, with the approval of the Governor, may continue pupils in the school for longer periods. Occasionally there are meritorious pupils who can carry on courses profitable to them, but not offered at Perkins Institution, in near-by high schools, colleges or universities. In order that such pupils may live at Perkins Institution and have the help of the instructors there while taking courses in other institutions, I recommend that the Department, with the approval of the Governor, be authorized to continue blind students at the Perkins Institution while they are taking courses in outside institutions.

VI. Prohibiting the Directing of Vehicular Traffic by School Boy Patrols.—Section 48A of chapter 71 now gives school committees the right to make expenditures from funds appropriated for school purposes for the purchase of traffic belts to be used by pupils in the directing of traffic. Boys of ten or twelve years of age or even older do not possess judgment sufficiently mature and reliable to direct traffic. To endanger the boys' lives is inconsistent with safety teaching. Too great a responsibility for the safety of his mates is placed upon the patrol boy when he is required to direct traffic. The essential thing to remember is that these patrols are organized to direct school children and not traffic. Leaders should not step into the street. They may hold the lines on the sidewalk until the traffic on the highway permits them to pass safely to the other side. The patrols should not be used to reduce the number of uniformed police officers.

I recommend that the law be changed so as to prohibit pupils from directing vehicular traffic.

VII. An Act relative to authorizing the Department of Education to grant the Master of Education Degree in Teachers Colleges.—There is a real and proper demand on the part of teachers to secure a degree beyond that of the Bachelor of Science in Education, which is now offered in the State Teachers Colleges.

The degree Master of Education is offered to teachers in several Massachusetts colleges, including Boston University, Boston College, Harvard University, Tufts College and Teachers College of the City of Boston. The Department recommends that chapter 73 of the General Laws be so amended that the Department may confer the degree Master of Education in the State Teachers Colleges.

VIII. Extension of Degree granting Power to Lowell Textile Institute.—The De- partment recommends that the Lowell Textile Institute be given the right to grant the degrees of Master of Science in Textile Chemistry and Master of Science in Textile Engineering.

The need of such a privilege is based on two conditions: first, that graduates from the Institute should be given an opportunity for advanced study in the sciences involved in the manufacture of textiles; and second, those graduates from colleges and technical institutions who wish to pursue advanced courses of instruction to prepare them for the textile industry.

The Institute would offer a two-year course to graduates from other colleges holding a Bachelor's degree. These men would spend a great deal of time in the manufacturing laboratories to acquire the technique of textile manufacturing in the fields of cotton, wool, designing and chemistry as covered by their under- graduates.

For graduates of the Institute holding a Bachelor's degree a one-year graduate course in advanced work in textile chemistry, physics and textile engineering would be offered. 8 P.D. 2.

DIVISION OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION AND STATE TEACHERS COLLEGES LOCAL STUDY CLUBS OF SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS

With few exceptions, every superintendent of schools in Massachusetts is now associated with one of nine regional study clubs. The membership of these clubs is, in some instances, comprised wholly of superintendents of schools; in other instances, it includes school committee members and high and elementary school principals. The membership of each club is confined within the Umits of a certain geographical area. It is customary to hold monthly meetings for the study and discussion of problems of school administration and supervision. For the school year 1934-35, the Department asked the cooperation of the various clubs for the study of certain pertinent topics and problems. The assignment of topics agreed upon is given below:

Berkshire County Superintendents' Association Topic: What are the philosophic bases of an educational program fitted to modern needs. Framingham District Superintendents' Club Topic: In what ways may the changing requirements of the schools be brought before the public so as to bring adequate moral and material support. Franklin County Superintendents' Association Topic: Supervision of instruction. Hampden County Superintendents' Association Topic: Can there be devised for general acceptance a plan of teacher employment that will work to the betterment of professional service. In-and-Ahout Boston Group Topic: In what ways can public education be made more effective in relation to citizenship. Merrimack Valley Superintendents' Association Topic: What reorganization of the secondary program of studies is desirable in view of the obvious need for a better knowledge of human relations in our modern age. Old Colony Superintendents' Club Topic: What are the shortages in the professional training of teachers based on the experiences of superintendents with recent graduates, which may be remedied by the lengthened courses in the teachers colleges. South Shore Schoolmen's Association Topic: How ma}^ the schools provide for the better distribution of student effort through the longer school day, provision for home study, and the closer relationship of school life with the general environment of school children. Worcester County Superintendents' Association Topic: What adaptations of our educational programs are needed in the light of present conditions of youth employment as related particularly to the sixteen- to-eighteen-year-old group.

CURRICULUM REVISION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Curriculum revision for the secondarj^ schools is well under way in the State. A committee of high school principals, working under the auspices of the State Department of Education, has been working on this project for the past two j^ears. A tentative report dealing with the problem of curriculum for the small high schools has recently been issued by a sub-committee, and additional reports are expected in the near future. A report on character education, issued in 1931, is being revised by the committee which wrote the original report. A demand for the first report which was far greater than could be m-et, indicates that this subject is of vital interest to the school men of the state. P.D. 2. 9 For two 3'ears another committee has been working on an outKne in physiology and hygiene for the junior high school grades. A tentative report issued in this field last summer is being given trial in more than a score of school systems, with the thought that the constructive suggestions and criticisms arising from the use of this material in the classroom w^ill be of considerable value in revising the outline for printing. A fourth committee has recently been formed to investigate the matter of motor vehicle safety as it concerns junior and senior high school pupils, from the points of view of both the driver and the pedestrian. A study is being made of present state-wide conditions in this respect and also of the admirable material that is available in this field issued by public and private agencies in Massachusetts and in other states. PROFESSIONAL STUDY GROUPS In order to promote professional study among high school principals of the State, eight regional discussion groups were formed last year to continue in other parts of the state a similar program already begun in Boston and three other centers. These groups meet monthly or bi-monthly for dinner and a discussion period and are so located that every principal in the state is within driving distance of at least one of them. They have aroused great interest and are promoting good feeling and social contacts among the principals as well as providing an opportunity for professional discussion and growth. Such interest has been aroused by this program that several groups of junior high school principals are now being formed in those sections of the state where a sufficient number of such principals are located. CERTIFICATION OF TEACHERS In connection with the certification of teachers in state-aided high schools certain professional requirements were increased, beginning in 1934. The new requirement under Section II, Paragraph 3 (a) of the circular of information of 1933 consists of six year-hours or twelve semester-hours in at least two of the following fields: Problems of secondary education, educational psychology, tests and measurements, vocational guidance, school hygiene, general methods of teaching, methods of teaching particular subjects, practice teaching under supervision, historj^ of education. Under option (c) of the same section, the requirement now consists of four courses of thirtj^ hours each covering two of the above fields in an approved summer school. The special certificate mentioned in Section III of the circular will be discontinued on April 1, 1935. This action has been taken because there are now ample opportunities for preparation in all of the so-called special subjects in our four- year degree courses in private or state teachers colleges. PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO The following tables show the changes in school membership, in the number of teachers employed, and in the number of pupils per teacher for each decade from 1890 to 1930, and for each year from 1930 to 1934. These tables show a steady decrease in the pupil-teacher ratio until the year 1930, when a gradual increase took place. The fact that no further rise took place from 1933 to 1934 may indicate that this increase has been checked, and that a decrease may again be expected. It is interesting to note that elementary school membership has been decreasing for several years, that junior high school membership has reached practicallj^ a stationary level, but that senior high school membership continues to show steady growth. 10 P.D. 2.

I 11 P.D. 2. 12 P.D. 2. SAFETY EDUCATION Safety Education as an integral part of the activities of this Department had its origin approximately a decade ago. In his inaugural addresses of 1921 and 1923 Governor Channing H. Cox urged education of a preventive nature to combat the increasingly grave problem of highway accidents. A quotation from the second of these follows: "In my first inaugural address attention was called to the large number of fatalities and accidents to children caused by motor vehicles, and it was reconamended that every elementary school be asked to set aside a few minutes each week for the purpose of impressing upon children the danger in the use of our streets and highways, and the absolute need of caution in such use. It was recommended that the Com- missioner of Education be given authority and facilities for assembling facts and methods of presentation to be available for the use of school teachers. Again I renew those recommendations. In 1921 there were 193 children killed and 3,433 injured in motor vehicle accidents on our highways, and in the past year 209 have been killed and 4,614 injured. As the result of concerted action on the part of the police, the operators, the public, and the Registrar of Motor Vehicles, there has been a reduction in the number of adult fatalities, but it has not been possible to retard the number of child fataUties. We must have the deepest concern for the sorrow of parents who suffer from these sad occurrences. We must be concerned with the economic loss to the community incident to the death and injury of so large a number of children in whom loving parents have invested years of care and savings. Increased vigor on the part of law-enforcing officers and a widespread educational campaign seem to afford the only remedy." The Commissioner's plea for funds to finance such an undertaking was at first denied. But as a direct outgrowth of these reconamendations and an expression of the conviction of the Department that "thorough training from the earliest years of childhood in principles and practice of safety education is essential" and that "the public schools ought to have an active and important part in this work," an eight-page pamphlet entitled "Suggestions for a Program of Safety Education in the Public Schools of Massachusetts" was issued by the Department of Educa- tion in 1924. It established certain fundamental principles; it designated the place of safety teaching in the curriculum; it provided suggestions regarding objectives, methods, and supplementary material in the elementary grades; and it described the organization of safety councils for junior and senior high schools. The Department was assisted in the preparation of this bulletin by a committee of five pubUc school executives, and distributed twenty thousand copies to the teachers of the Conmionwealth. Before long the Department inaugurated a program of revaluation and revision of its various printed courses of study, for it recognized the mandates of scientific investigation, reorganization and expansion of the school system, a changed social and industrial order, and greater responsibilities and functions placed on the schools. As a part of the general project, twelve thousand copies of "A Course of Study in Safety Education for the Elementary and Junior High School Grades" appeared in 1928. In general it enlarged the main outline of the original bulletin to forty-four pages, but incorporated unprovements in organization, increased the scope of subject-matter, provided more copious suggestions and aids for teachers, and included pertinent statistics, a picture, and a suggestive program of teaching safety through the other subjects of the curriculum. Notable among the new features are a forceful unit for specific use in the rural schools and a section devoted to describing cogently the purpose and functions of the Safety Patrol. A significant contribution to safety education in Massachusetts is the statement of its general objectives quoted below:

I. To give children an understanding of situations involving hazard that their behavior in these situations may be inteUigent. II. To develop habits of conduct which will enable children to meet the situations of daily life without accident. III. To develop habits of conduct which will function in difficult situations and in times of crisis. IV. To develop a generation characterized by habits of carefulness. :

P.D. 2. 13 V. To develop skill in control of bodily movement. VI. To create right attitudes including: A. Respect for law and officers of the law. B. Willingness to assume responsibiUty for the safety of self and others. C. Willingness to cooperate in organized efforts to secure safety. D. Interest in the social significance of safety. VII. To eliminate all preventable accidents. This issue was prepared by the Sub-committee of the Committee on Health and Safety Education composed of members of the Department and Massachusetts educators and doctors under the direction of the Steering Committee on Curricu- lum Revision. The supply of this bulletin was soon exhausted and a slightly revised edition of fifteen thousand copies was published in 1931. The outstanding changes are found in a redistribution of content, grade by grade, and in a closer correlation with other subjects. It was compiled by practically the same committee with the assistance of cooperating safety organizations. Subsequent to a recommendation by the Governor's Committee on Street and Highway Safety in November, 1929, a Supervisor of Safety Education was added to the Department on August 1, 1930, to be available to assist local school authorities in the organization of programs of safety education in the schools. The present incumbent was appointed. To facilitate the use of the course of study and to foster a more rapid spread of the sound, progressive type of safety teaching to supplant the slogany promotional kind, leaflets were issued under the direction of the supervisor with the co-operation of the field workers of the Massachusetts Safety Council and the Massachusetts Automobile Rating and Accident Prevention Bureau. A complete cycle of the various phases of safety education extended over a period of two years. Each issue of about seventeen thousand copies was composed of three leaflets to meet the particular needs of the teachers of the first three grades, grades four, five, and six, and grades seven, eight, and nine. A "news letter" is now sent to the principals of the elementary and junior high schools four or five times a year in which are recorded outstanding achievements in various cities and towns of the Commonwealth, or news of safety activities in other states, aids, guides, and programs for specific aspects of the children. Here also are registered policies, objectives, observations and survey results or vanguard experiments. These letters continue to meet a felt need and to prove an efficacious instrument in disseminating safety education to our school population. In order to ascertain the current practices of teaching safety in the schools of Massachusetts a questionnaire was sent to each superintendent of schools in September, 1932. In spite of the weaknesses and inadequacies of this method of determining the truth in anj' situation, certain findings are significant.

1. Figures indicated that safety teaching was being provided in nearly all of our elementary schools, in 89.6 percent of the schools housing pupils of junior high school age, and in 54 percent of our high schools. 2. Correlation was the method most frequently used with the incidental in second place. 3. Regarding the Safety Patrol System the consensus of opinion recognized: a. That the direction of vehicular traffic and school children on our streets and highways is vested in the police. b. That if patrols are used their work should be restricted to directing their mates in the school yard and on the sidewalks adjacent to the school. Probably the most outstanding feature of the survey was the general misunder- standing of the functions and use of the patrols. During 1933 and 1934 -a testing program in highway safety was conducted in representative urban, suburban, and rural schools in an attempt to discover what important facts were least known and to detect unfavorable attitudes towards safety that they might be corrected for the greater security of all. Findings worthy of note may be listed as follows 14 P.D. 2.

1. The most flagrant failure showed that many children in all sections did not know that the safest place to walk on a street without usable sidewalks is on the left, facing the oncoming traffic. 2. A series of errors indicated that greater stress should be laid on the correct way to cross a street—stop, look left, look right, and if no cars are coming, walk across. This also applies to the retrieving of balls. The marked crossing or intersection is the safest place to cross. 3. More and better teaching should be provided to be certain that pupils interpret the traffic signals correctly. 4. In addition to marked class deficiencies, individual errors make special teaching and training for certain pupils mandatory to ensure a safe school population. 5. Unquestionably in addition to providing knowledge, constant education for improvement of emotionalized attitudes and teaching for certain virtues such as obedience, self-control and courtesy is desirable. Foundations are being laid for a continuous experimental program of controlled laboratory study of such phases of safety education as need investigating or pioneer- ing teaching. Two essential premises have been basic in all such activities to date, namely: (1) In addition to incidental teaching at least one lesson a week in some phase of safety education is necessary to produce a safety-minded school population. (2) The safety of an individual may be enhanced by specific education purposively developing obedience, self-control, and courtesy in situations involving personal safety. No conclusive evidence has as yet been produced, but certain gratifying trends are being carefully watched. In addition to formulating programs, giving demonstration lessons and addresses regarding methods to teachers in service in local groups, at State Conferences and institutes, the Supervisor of Safety Education conducts short-term courses at the State Teachers Colleges. Prospective teachers will thus be equipped to proceed along definite lines of safety education immediately upon entering the teaching field. The most recent development is the organization on October 23, 1934, of a Committee on Safety Education for Secondary Schools, composed of junior and senior high school principals and teachers, under the direction of the Supervisor of Secondary Education with the Supervisor of Safety Education serving in an advisory capacity. It is the plan of this group to produce a course of study or other suggestive material in the hope that its use in these schools may decrease the growing number of serious accidents experienced by young drivers. PHYSICAL EDUCATION The supervisors of Physical Education have in the past year concerned them- selves with and stressed participation of larger numbers in the after-school recreation program. The increase in numbers of participating groups of children, both boys and girls, and the consequent increase in facilities both indoors and outdoors serve as evidence of the public's accepting this as the answer to a great social need. Mindful of accompanying dangers coupled with the development of so popular a movement on so large a scale, every effort was made to obviate and correct errors that are likely in both the boys' and girls' competitive programs. Both the health and social hazards are being guarded against by shortening of schedules, by playing of groups within a school or community rather than permitting extensive night travel for the young people, and by placing the administration of these activities definitely in the hands of school authorities rather than other community individuals or agencies. Careful medical examination and observation is urged for all those engaged in more than the usual school instructional activities. A recent survey reveals the fact that these evils are much more prevalent in smaller towns than in the larger ones and in cities. It shows that seasonal basket- ball schedules in larger towns do not run more than twelve, and many less, whereas in the rural towns they run to twenty and over. In the smaller towns also these games are played at night, whereas in the larger places they are played in the afternoon. New courses of stud}^, one for grades one to three and another for grades four to six, prepared by a group of teachers in the field have been printed and distributed during the year. These courses of study replace material previously issued in P.D. 2. 15 1928, and contain the newer approach to the objectives of physical education as laid down by the leaders of this phase of education. A "news letter" issued quarterly purposes to bring to the teachers in the field professional information and program content not otherwise available. CONFERENCES AND INSTITUTES Superintendents of Schools.—The twentieth annual conference for superintendents of schools was held at the Bridgewater State Teachers College, April 16, 17, and 18. The program included Exercises in Commemoration of the Centennial of the Birth of Charles William Ehot with an address by Henry W. Holmes, Dean, Graduate School of Education, Harvard University. Addresses by Frank W. Ballou, Superintendent of Schools, Washington, D. C, were upon the subjects "Co-operation in Financing Education" and "The Schools in Relation to Changing Social and Economic Conditions". Walter D. Cocking, State Commissioner of Education, Nashville, Tennessee, gave two addresses. The subjects discussed were "A Program of PubUc Relations" and "The Aims of Public Education and the New Deal". Other speakers were Herbert C. Parsons and Payson Smith, Commissioner of Education. One session was given over to group discussions. Elementary School Principals and Supervisors.—The Sixth State Conference for Principals and Supervisors of Elementary Schools was held at the Massachusetts State College, Amherst, April 4-6, 1934. The subjects that received chief emphasis and the speakers were as follows: (1) "Three Types of Supervision", "Education and the General Social Order", and "Social Studies and the Curriculum"—-Dr. Charles H, Judd, Director, School of Education, University of Chicago; (2) "Character Values in Certain School Practices" and "Character Education—A Community Responsibility"—Dr. Mark A. May, Graduate School of Education, Yale University; (3) "Character Education Through Pupil Organization"—Dr. Francis W. Kirkham, Director, National Child Welfare Association, New York. Other features of the program were discussion groups on the following: "Plans and Procedures for Character Training—An Experience Meeting", "Economic Education in Elementary Schools—What and How Much?" and "Pertinent Questions in the Field of Elementary Education". The total registration was 458, including 241 principals, 23 supervisors, and 194 others engaged in various types of educational work. Eighty-seven cities and towns were represented. Junior and Senior High Schools.—The Thirteenth Annual Conference of Prin- cipals of Junior and Senior High Schools was held at the Framingham State Teachers College on April 25-27, 1934. An all-day session on Thursday, April 26, was held by the Massachusetts Association of Deans of Girls. The principal addresses at the conference were as follows: "An Englishman Looks at American Schools", bj^ Noel G. Cottrell, Birmingham, England—Ex- change Teacher, Newton High School. "Is Education a Preferred Industry?", "The Public High School is a Demoncratic Institution", and "Some Curriculum Adjustments", by Dr. William A. Wetzel, Principal, Central High School, Trenton, New Jersey. "Economic Trends and Their Relation to Education", by Dr. Harold R. Bruce, Professor of Political Science, Dartmouth College. "President Eliot as an Educa- tional Reformer", by Dr. William A. Neilson, President, Smith College. "Supervision through Co-operative Development of Learning Units", by Dr. Roy 0. Billett, Graduate School of Education, Harvard University. Addresses were given by President Zenos E. Scott of the Bridgewater State Teachers College, and by President Hugh P. Baker of the Massachusetts State CoUege. Music was furnished before the afternoon programs by pupils from the Framing- ham schools, and during the evening programs by the Principals' Quartet and by pupils from the Arlington High School. Teachers and Supervisors of Physical Education.—The Eighth Annual Conference of Directors and Teachers of Physical Education was held on February 16 and 17, 1934. The program for the 16th, afternoon and evening in the Gardner Auditorium of the State House, contained the following: "The Place of the Director of Physical 16 P.D. 2. Education in the School Faculty" by Stacy B. Southworth, Headmaster, Thayer Academy; "Why The Sport Physician?" by Dr. Joseph D. Burnett, Athletic Field Director, Boston Public High Schools; "The Minor Games in the Present Time Leisure Need" by Professor Ernst Hermann, Sargent School of Physical Education, Boston University; "Fatigue as a Danger Signal" by Dr. Henry D. Chadwick, Commissioner of Public Health; "Character and Health Education" bj^ Dr. Helen I. D. McGillicuddy, Educational Secretary, Massachusetts Society for Social Hygiene; "Teacher-Training Courses in Physical Education at Massachusetts State College" by Professor Harold M. Gore, Massachusetts State College; "The Administration of an Intramural Program in Junior and Senior High Schools" by Carl L. Schrader, Supervisor of Physical Education, State Department of Education. The meeting in the forenoon of the 17th, and held in the gymnasium of the Melrose High School, consisted of demonstration of the following activities: Pinguard, Tenikoit, Paddle Tennis, Folk Dancing, Badminton, Soccer Pass Ball, BowUng, Golf, Basket Tennis, Darts, Fist Ball, Paddle Hand Ball, and Tap Dancing. The registration for the meetings was over five hundred. In addition to the Annual Conference of Teachers in Physical Education else- where referred to, teachers from three counties, namely Bristol, Plymouth and Barnstable, were brought together for the discussion of definite projects in the field of physical education. Teachers' Institutes.—During the past year six institutes were conducted for the special benefit of teachers in the smaller towns of the Commonwealth. The speakers were largely members of the Department staff and of faculties of State Teachers Colleges. Among the subjects discussed were the following: Looking Forward. Growth in Teaching and Supervision. The Rating of Pupils. An Art Influence in Your Classroom. Creative Education. Leisure—An Asset or Liability. Objectives of Science Teaching in Elementary Education. Progress and Problems in Curriculum Building. Language and Literature in the Primary Grades. An Activity Program in the Upper Grades. Training for Citizenship and Ethical Character. Meeting Individual Differences. Geography Gives Life to Literature. Equipping Pupils for Life Needs in Arithmetic. Directed Study in Junior and Senior High Schools. Right Beginnings in EngUsh Composition.

The location of these institutes, the number of teachers in attendance, and the number of towns represented are given below:

Date :

P.D. 2. 17 chusetts Society for Mental Hygiene, and F. Lauriston Bullard, Chief Editorial Writer of the Boston Herald. An exhibit of educational books was held in connection with the conference. Special Class Conference.—Regional conferences were not held this year, but one state-wide conference was held on March 5 in Boston. The main theme of the conference was Personality and its Development. Reports from Boston activities were given by Annie Golden, Annie O'Connor and Fannie B. Prince. John L. Fitzpatrick of Waltham discussed "PersonaUty of Special Class Pupils as Viewed by the Teacher" and Lillian M. Hoff, Director of Teacher Training, Salem State Teachers College, discussed "Teacher Personahty". Dr. Augusta F. Bronner, Director, Judge Baker Guidance Center, Boston, gave an address, "The Development of Personahtj^ in Special Class Pupils"; and Frank W. Wright of the Massachusetts Department of Education gave an address, "A New Education for a New Social Order". Music Supervisors.—The Tenth Annual Conference of Music Supervisors was held on February 9 at the Massachusetts School of Art. Greetings were given by the Commissioner of Education; and addresses on the "Larger Needs and Oppor- tunities for the School Music Supervisor", by Augustus D. Zanzig, Director, Na- tional Recreation School Music Service, New York City; and on "The Rising Tide of Adult Music Study and How It Is Being Met with the Piano", by Miss Margaret Anderton, New York City. Miss Laura Bryant, Supervisor of Music, Ithaca, New York and President of the Eastern Music Supervisors Conference, gave an address, "A Vocal Survey", and also conducted a discussion period on the topic "Develop- ment of the Voice". Art Supervisors and Teachers.—The Eleventh Annual Conference of the Super- visors and Teachers of Art met at the Massachusetts School of Art on January 26. The topic of the day was "The Contribution of Art Education to General Educa- tion". The principal speakers at the morning session were Rajmiond A. Porter, of the Massachusetts School of Art faculty, who spoke on the subject, "Monumental Sculpture of Boston"; C. Edward Newell, who gave an address on "The Art Possi- bihties in a New Project", and Miss Mabel C. Bragg, School of Education, Boston University, an address on "Value of Art Education in General Education". The afternoon sessions were divided into elementary, junior high, and high school sections, in each of which several papers were presented by various supervisors of art in Massachusetts. TEACHERS' REGISTRATION BUREAU During the year 1933-34 the Teachers' Registration Bureau enrolled 2,050 teachers, received notice of 355 vacancies, and placed 191 teachers, with an aggre- gated salary of $195,300 for full-time teachers. The average salary of the positions filled, exclusive of substitute positions, was $1,228.30—an increase of $10 over the average salary of last year. The number of new registrants having no experience was 1,538. These are classified as follows

Positions Desieed Vomen High school Elementary school Grammar and junior high school Commercial

Household arts . Phj^sical education Manual training

Drawing . Music Sewing Kindergarten Special class Miscellaneous

Totals 1913-1930 P.D. 2. 19 Norwich Military Academy (Vermont) Gorham Normal School (Maine) University of Cincinnati (Ohio) St. EHzabeth Hospital School of Nursing Lowell State Teachers College Bristol County Agricultural School Boston College, Junior Division Burdett Business College Colby College (Maine) Thibadeau Business College (Fall River) John B. Stetson University (Florida) Fordham University (New York) St. Joseph's Hospital Training School (Lowell) Under chapter 263, General Laws, the children of World War veterans who lost their Uves during military service or who died as a result of such service prior to July 2, 1921 are eUgible to reimbursement for expenditures for their education in institutions of higher learning to an amount not in excess of S250 per year. Such reimbursement, however, cannot apply for tuition in institutions other than those under pubUc control, such as the Teachers Colleges, State College, and city or county schools. Students in institutions under other than pubUc control may be reimbursed for expenditures for board, room rent, travel, textbooks and supplies necessary or incidental to their pursuit of study in such institutions. Scholarship aid is not available after the student is twenty-two years of age. DIVISION OF IMMIGRATION AND AMERICANIZATION On November 30, 1934, the Division of Immigration and Americanization completed its fifteenth year as successor to the Massachusetts Bureau of Immigra- tion which had functioned as a separate unit from July 1917 to December 1, 1919. On September 29, 1934, Mrs. Nathaniel Thayer, who had been Director of the Division since its incorporation as part of the Department of Education, died after a brief illness. In her death Massachusetts lost one of her foremost leaders in social work. Her success in directing the State work in immigration won for her the respect, and her charm and enthusiasm the affection of all who knew her. For fifteen years Mrs. Thayer made as her daily maxim that precept of the law creating the Division which outhnes its fundamental purpose, "to bring into sympathetic relation the Commonwealth and its residents of foreign origin." Her work for the immigrant was based on the practical hues of his daily needs; it was motivated not on sentimental theories, but on basic principles of broad patriotism and open- minded public service. In her daily contact with her neighbors from foreign lands she learned of their problems, their difficulties, their failures, and their successes in their American environment and with untiring energj^ and keen enthusiasm she enlisted the interest of native Americans and awakened them to their civic duty of mutual understanding. She brought to the work an inheritance of patriotic service and a tradition of meritorious endeavor to which was added unusual admin- istrative ability and a rare personal charm that made others glad to work for her and for her interests. To the members of the advisory board and to the staff Mrs. Thayer was ever a wise counsellor, a constructive leader and a dear friend. Her faithful attendance to the duties of her position and her innate capacity to work with and for others made her years of service a memorable achievement which is a challenge to the future. On November 24, 1934, His Excellency Governor Ely appointed Miss Mary A. Barr, a member of the Advisory Board of the Division since its incorporation into the Department of Education, Director to succeed Mrs. Thayer. Mrs. Charles H. Danforth and Mr. B. Preston Clark were re-appointed to the board for the usual three-year terms in December, 1933. On November 24, 1934, the Governor reappointed Mrs. Eva Whiting White to the board and appointed Mrs. May R. Shoolman to the vacancy caused by the promotion of Miss Barr. In the year ending November 30, 1934, a total of 36,733 applicants sought information, advice, and assistance from the Division. Of this number more than one half, or 19,007, were recorded at the Boston office, an increase of 6,611, or about 53 per cent over the previous year. It is fitting, perhaps, to compare the 20 P.D. 2. amount of work in the current year with that recorded in the first year of the Division. For the year ending November 30, 1920, a total of 17,036 appHcations were recorded, of which number 7,292 were at the Boston office. The work has increased, therefore, about 116 percent in the past fifteen years, with an increase of 160 per cent in the Boston office. In the past year more appHcants called at the Boston office alone than were recorded at all offices in the first year of the work as part of the Department of Education. The Division now maintains five full-time offices at Fall River, Lawrence, New Bedford, Springfield, and Worcester as well as the main office at the State House in Boston. In 1920 there were but two offices, New Bedford and Springfield, in addition to the main office at Boston. The number of persons served by the two branch offices in 1920 was 9,744; in 1934 the five offices served 17,726 or an increase of 82 per cent over 1920. During the past year there were 3,997 applications at Worcester, 3,707 at Fall River, 3,517 at Springfield, 3,481 at Lawrence, and 3,024 at New Bedford. In every branch there is an increase in applications over the preceding year. Worcester, the latest office to be established, shows a gain of 1,490 over 1933; Lawrence, of 1,031; New Bedford, of 970; Fall River, of 791, and Springfield, of 31. In general there has been an increase of work for all offices, both branch and main, for 1934, but there is a great variation in the number of additional applicants and also in the percentages of increase. The total increase of applications in 1934 over 1933 was 10,924 or, roughly, about 42 per cent. The gain in Boston was 6,611 or 53 per cent. The gain in all the branches was 4,313 or 32 per cent. The office which showed the highest percentage of increase, however, was Worcester, with a gain of 59 per cent. New Bedford showed a gain of 47 per cent; Lawrence, 42 per cent; Fall River, 27 per cent. Springfield showed a very sUght increase in applications, but still ranks third among the branch offices in the number of applicants served. It has been rather surprising, as branch offices have been established, to note that the healthy growth of work throughout the state has not diminished the work at the main office. In fact the ratio of increase from 1920 to 1934 is higher for Boston, at 160 per cent, than at the branch offices with a gain of 82 per cent. While this continuing and increasing growth at Boston shows a present need of the work, there are, unfortunately, aspects of the increased work which constitute a present problem of some importance. In the years when Mrs. Thayer worked so wholeheartedly for the establishment of the branches to spread the work throughout the State, the Division was working on a budget which showed a gradual increase to fit the growing needs. Since the estabhshment of the Worcester office, the possibility of increasing expenditures has become more difficult each year. The necessity of maintaining a State-wide service has reduced the amount possible to spend on each branch office to a minimum, and, in the case of the main office at Boston, to a point below the measure of efficiency. In 1920 the Division employed twenty workers. Five worked at the two branch offices; fifteen at the main office. At that time the Boston office assisted 42 per cent of the clients and had 60 per cent of the staff. In 1934 the Division again emploj^'ed twenty workers. The work had increased, in comparison with 1920, about 160 per cent; the staff increased not at all. In 1934, however, the division of workers between main offices and the field has been changed. In 1934 of the twenty on the staff, ten work at Boston, ten at the branches. In 1934, moreover, Boston attended to 52 per cent of the clients, although it had only 50 per cent of the staff. Because the Boston office is the main office, certain extra duties and activities, entirely separate and beyond the important work of assisting clients, are inherent in the responsibility of the head office. Preparation of the budget, bookkeeping, annual reports, booklet publication, compilation of fact material, board meetings and the lilve are time-consuming activities in addition to the service work. Further- more, the fact that Boston is the principal port of the Commonwealth, concentrates the pier work upon the main office. It would be manifestly unfair to measure the success or failure of the work of the Division solely on the basis of the number of applicants who seek the services of the Division. Numbers are not important in measuring the worth of the service given; they are useful only as indicative of needs which must somehow be met. P.D. 2. 21 Every one of the branch offices estabUshed by the Division shows by its report, not only an increase in patronage which indicates a need for future work, but a competent handUng of the program set forth by the Director for their guidance.

DIVISION OF THE BLIND

During the year ending November 30, 1934, the Division of the Blind was in touch with 3,470 blind adults. Services rendered as follows:

Financial aid granted to ...... 1,094

Industrial aid in the fonn of guides, tools or advertising to . . 52 Assistance in the sale of products to ..... 136 Employed by division on staff ...... 14

Employed in workshops . . . . . • . 130

Instruction by home teachers given to . . . . . 694 Visited, given information concerning hospital care or other forms of assistance ...... 463 Social Service:

Assistance provided in form of guides, clothing, shopping trips . 1 ,039

Vacations planned with other agencies . . . . . 153 Financial assistance and gifts distributed by Division from private organizations and friends to more than .... 1,000

On November 30, 1934, there were 4,542 blind persons on the register, classified by ages as follows: To 5 years ...... 22 P.D. 2.

During the past year 232 children have been newly registered. Of these 123 were boys and 109 were girls. These were reported by the following:

Massachusetts Eye & Ear In- Division of Blind agents . 15 firmary .... 70 Relatives 9 Schools ..... 60 Child helping organizations 5 Private phj'sicians and oculists . 35 Health departments 2 Eye clinics (excepting Mass. Eye Perkins Institution 2 & Ear Inf.) 34

These children came from the following distances: Greater Boston ... 66 Within 100 miles of Boston . 45

Within 25 miles of Boston . 68 Over 100 miles from Boston . 13

Within 50 miles of Boston . 40 The following vision was recorded after careful eye examination and with glasses correction whenever glasses were advised:

Totally blind . P.D. 2. 23 Much assistance has been given to 16 others by purchasing materials which have been made into useful articles and sold at the various sales throughout the State. Seven persons have earned various sums singing and demonstrating handwork at public gatherings. Arrangements were made for training with the RehabiUtation Division for two young ladies, also for training in handcraft for 13 young men at the Training School of the Massachusetts Association for Promoting the Interests of the Adult BUnd. During the year several visits were made to factories and other places of employment in search of possible positions. The National Braille Press, Inc., publishers of a weekly and monthly magazine for finger readers, and managed by Mr. lerardi of this Division, has furnished part time employment for seven girls and five men throughout the year. Publicity and Sales There were 25 addresses made before various organizations including church societies, women's clubs, schools and private homes with the view of promoting the interest of the work of this Division, and many meetings with other social agencies throughout the Commonwealth were attended in the interest of the work. In addition to the Salesrooms of Boston and Pittsfield, sales of articles made by the blind men and women were held in the following places : Acton Center, Amherst, Andover, Belmont, Boston (12), BrookUne (3), Buzzard's Bay, Cambridge (2), Centreville, Charlemont, Chatham, Cohasset, Cotuit, Dedham, Dennis, Duxbury, East Milton, Egypt, Falmouth, Framingham, FrankUn, Gloucester, Groton, Harwichport, Haverhill, Hingham, Kennebunkport, Maine, Longmeadow, Maiden, Manchester, Mansfield, Marblehead, Marion, Martha's Vineyard, Milton, Nahant, New Bedford, North Attleborough, Petersham, Pittsfield, Plymouth, Rockland, Sagamore, Scituate, Sharon, Springfield, Swampscott, Walpole, Webster, Wellesley (3), Wenham, Weston and Westfield. Goods valued at $5,718.15 were disposed of at these sales. Workshops The Cambridge shop manufactured 9,746-3/12 dozen brooms, 5,999 dozen mops, and 161 rugs. The sales amount to 9,614 dozen brooms, 6,127-3/12 dozen mops, and 161 rugs. 69 blind men were employed in this shop. In the Woolson House Industries, 14 bhnd women were employed. They recaned 942 chairs for $1,670.66 and produced hand loomed weavings and pewter articles valued at $1,889.46. In the Fall River shop, 12 men were employed. They manufactured 1,453 dozen brooms and recaned 1,007 chairs. In the Lowell shop, 9 men reseated 1,468 chairs. In the Pittsfield shop, 17 men were employed. They manufactured 1,471 dozen brooms and reseated 1,440 chairs. In the Worcester shop, 9 men reseated 3,004 chairs. Home Teaching The home teaching service rendered by our 7 teachers has proved to be very valuable and one of the most important departments in our service. 5,453 lessons were given to 694 pupils and 1,662 calls were made on bUnd persons by the teachers, who travelled 72,238 miles in their work. To the newly blinded person the home teacher is not only a tutor, but renders valuable assistance in helping him to adjust him,self to his new condition. Relief Financial assistance was given to 1,094 adults. The total relief amounted to $175,937.16. It has been found necessary to grant aid to a larger number than ever this year due to the continued economic condition. The amount of aid granted to 977 persons varied from $5-$30 a month, as shown in the following analysis for one month: $5-$9 .... 59 $20-$24 . . .209 $10-$14 . . . .307 $25-$29 ... 66 $15-$19 .... 308 $30 .... 28 24 P.D. 2. Local Cooperation The Massachusetts Association for Promoting the Interests of the Adult Blind, Lions Clubs, Massachusetts Federation of Women's Clubs, local associations in Boston, Cambridge, Lowell, Lynn and Worcester, and reading or sewing circles in Abington, Boston, Brockton, Cambridge, Fall River, Haverhill, Lawrence, Lowell, Lynn, New Bedford, Quincy, Rockland, RosUndale, Salem, Springfield, Taunton and Worcester have continued to render valuable assistance to the division in promoting sales, arranging for hospital treatment, vacations, trips, loans, training faciUties, assistance in securing employment, and promoting the happiness of the older groups through friendly visiting and social gatherings. Doctors, hospitals, school departments, and welfare organizations have been very helpful in cooperating with this Division.

Financial Report Receipts Cambridge Industries for Men J,410 56 Rug shop ..... 1438 40 Mop shop ..... 26,271 62 Broom shop ..... 55,700 54

Woolson House Industries and Salesroom 9,405 73 Local shops 28,777 56 Pittsfield 10,514 52

• 48 Lowell . 4,957 Worcester 5,374 86 Fall River 7,930 70

$120,593 85

Disbursements General administration $41,215 03 71 Administration . . _. 58,992 General Industrial and Educational Aid 2,222 32

Local workshops ),642 33 Pittsfield 523,101 89 82 Lowell . 8,664 Worcester 10,746 24 Fall River 18,129 38

Cambridge Industries 137,895 82 06 Subsid}^ . 135,149 Rug shop 2,673 32 Mop shop 24,643 88 56 Broom shop . 75,429

Woolson House Industries 25,971 11 Woolson House shop $15,445 93 Home work Department 3,212 59 Salesroom 7,312 59

Instruction of Adult BUnd in their homes 15,438 33 Sight Saving Classes for Children 19,760 10 ReUef for needy blind 175,937 16

176,859 88 P.D. 2. 25 REPORT OF THE DIVISION OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES The regular routine of visits and aid to public libraries, schools and state institutions; making out comparative statistics and surveys on library standards, appropriations, budgets, and salaries; the annual institute for village librarians, the work of the lending hbraries, gifts of children's books, exhibits, talks, conferences, and library meetings—all these activities were carried on as usual. The following table will show a condensed record. Summary of Work of the Division

Libraries visited, advised on Ubrary economy, reorganized, etc. . . 122 Small libraries given children's books ...... 54 Addresses made by the staff ...... 31 Meetings and conferences attended ...... 46 Library positions filled ...... 16 Libraries using state certificate reading ...... 175 Lending Libraries: Volumes loaned ...... 19,411 (To 286 public libraries, 51 schools, 19 institutions, 16 CCC camps)

From the general collection . .10,123

From the foreign books collection . 9,288

Activities in Cooperation with Federal Projects In addition, new duties were undertaken by the Division stafT in connection with the Federal departments of CWA, ERA, and CCC camps. These, being new, merit a more detailed account. They are in reaUty the outstanding achievements of the year. CWA and ERA.—Local projects. —A large majority of the libraries in the Com- monwealth have had Federal aid through their local administration boards. Libraries have been painted and cleaned, books repaired, cataloging brought up to date, picture collections cataloged and other work carried on according to local conditions. The small libraries called on the Division to outline their needs and aid them in presenting worthwhile projects to their local administrators. For example: The Topsfield library had put in a request for PWA funds to supple- ment money already accumulating for a library building. The Library needed to be reclassified and recataloged in anticipation of the new building and the trustees asked the Division to present a plan whereby they could have the help of trained library workers through the CWA. As a result, four non-resident trained librarians were assigned to the project with local CWA assistants for the mechanical details. The preliminary work of planning the entire project, as well as of discarding, classifying, teaching book repairing, and installing a new charging system, was done by the Division's field Ubrarians. The Division also supervised the work until the CWA authorized a trained supervisor. Thus by the time the new hbrary was built the books were ready for removal with no expense to the town except for supplies. At Gloucester, acting upon recommendations made some years ago by the Division, the trustees submitted a CWA project for combining the author and title catalogs and making a subject catalog. They too called on the Division for help in planning the work. A non-resident trained supervisor was recommended and put in charge of eleven CWA and ERA local girls. The work was completed in eleven months and is a fine accompUshnaent. Similar projects were planned and executed for Sutton, Harwich, Harwichport, Marshfield, Millville, Spencer, Mid- dleton and Sudbury. In order to carry on the work efficiently the Division in- structed the untrained assistants in cataloging and mending. In Hamilton help was given in rearranging the entire collection after the library had been renovated by ERA funds and also in cataloging both at the main Ubrary and at the branch. At Millville a plan presented to double the capacity of the library was accepted by the ERA and workers allowed for revising the cataloging and for book repairing, the Division supervising the work. ERA.—State projects. —In October projects were presented to the ERA administrator by the Director of the Division to assist trained unemployed librarians through the Division and the State Library. The Division's project was planned to benefit small libraries which had been unable to get help through plans presented locally. Names of unemployed Massachusetts librarians were obtained from the 26 P.D. 2. Division's files of applicants, the library schools, the American Library Associa- tion, and the Special Libraries Association. Notices were sent to all of these librarians and those desiring to apply for this aid filled out and returned to the Division the blanks furnished by the ERA. These blanks were forwarded to the ERA administrator under whom investigations were made. Although several whom the Division had hoped to employ were ruled out, fourteen passed and have been working under the Division since October. Eleven others are working on State Library projects. A very satisfactory piece of work is being accomplished at Randolph, where six librarians are revising the Ubrary catalog. More than haU of the non-fiction and the entire juvenile collection has been classified, cataloged, numbered, cleaned, shellacked and rearranged. If the project is continued all of the non-fiction will be completed. The following libraries have benefited to some extent by this State ERA project: Middleton, Norfolk, Rochester, Assonet, Bellingham, Millville, Wellfleet, Byfield, Agawam, Berkley, Hyannis, Essex and Norfolk Agricultural Schools, and the Metropolitan State Hospital. The work has included classifying, cataloging, book repairing, filing, the making of posters and scrapbooks, the renumbering, cleaning and shellacking of books. In one library a program for Book Week was carried out, including a story hour. In another, historical research has brought together valuable material in a typewritten document of historical events not available in any other form. A trained hospital librarian is building up the librarj' service in the Metropolitan State Hospital. This Ubrary, started by the Occupational Therapy Department under the direction of the Division, has moved into new quarters and under this trained librarian more intensive work with the patients and employees is being carried on. Wherever possible work on these ERA projects has been done in the libraries, but as no money is available for transportation some of it has been replanned and carried on at the State House. CCC camps.—As stated in the Division's Annual Report for 1933, aid in the way of gifts of books from public libraries of the state and loans from the Division was already under way. The appointment early in 1934 of an educational du-ector for each camp under the supervision of a Corps Area Civilian Adviser for Educa- tion for New England with headquarters in Boston gave a great impetus not only to the demand for more recreational books, but for books by which the exceptional men could study up on their own trades or hobbies or learn new ones. Informal conferences held all through the year by the Corps Adviser and his assistant with the staff of the Division led to suggestions of lists for purchase under the Federal government, library publicity to be used in camps and the use of other professional tools, as well as a greatly augmented number of loans from the Division's Lending Library. During the year 340 volumes were lent to 16 CCC camps. Many of the educational advisers have visited the Division office and chosen books directly from the shelves, as well as obtained Usts, suggestions for posters and signs, and other library material. A rapid survey of the books asked for shows that they include such diverse subjects as French, Enghsh grammar, "first aid", electrical engineering, forestry, poultry and bee-keeping, architectural draughting, mechanics of aviation, steam- fitting, plumbing, leatherwork (and all sorts of handicrafts) , radio repairing, staging amateur theatricals, show card writing, lettering, photography, air-conditioning, anatomy, road building. In the Fall of 1934 CCC educational headquarters felt the desirability of some sort of planned reading for the camps, and the Di-\dsion suggested the formation of reading groups in the various camps and prepared for them a dozen "Ten-Book Lists" on various popular subjects. These fists of interestuag books on such topics as Our United States, Red Blooded Men, Digging Up Our Ancestors, Exploration the World Over, Polar Adventure, World War Adventure, China and Thereabouts, NaturaUsts in Action, What's Happening in Russia, Adopted Americans, and Recent American Problems, are now being multigraphed and will be distributed from CCC headquarters. The books will be lent from the Division and from local public hbraries. P.D. 2. 27 The Library Planning Board of Massachusetts

This is another important "extra" in which the Division is greatly concerned. These Hbrary planning boards are a nation-wide movement inaugurated by the American Library Association to consider and outHne in each state the future needs of library service. Following the suggestion of the President of the Association for the general organization of these Boards the President of the Massachusetts Library Club was appointed President and the Library Adviser of the State Division of Public Libraries was made Secretary in this Conxmonwealth. The Board itself is composed

of twenty members : Librarians of eight public libraries ; three librarians representing a State teachers college, a university, and a newspaper; the State Librarian, a hbrary trustee, two supervisors of large library departments; the Deputy Com- missioner of Education, the Director of the State Division of University Extension, the Library Adviser of the State Division of Public Libraries; the presidents of the League of Women Voters and of the Twentieth Century Adult Education Center. In plannuag its objectives the Board purposes to build upon the foundations laid by the Division of Public Libraries and to submit for its consideration all plans proposed, since upon the Division rests the responsibility of increasing the efficiency of operation in the libraries of the State and of extending the usefulness of their service to the public. These are the objectives as outlined: L Improvement of library service through the requirement that those entering it shall qualify according to professional standards for the positions sought. 2. Survey (with recommendations) of possibiUties offered by the regional library plan. 3. Stimulation of lay interest in the opportunities offered and the adequate financial support needed by public libraries. 4. Encouragement of a closer acquaintance on the part of library trustees with the enlarged responsibilities libraries must accept. 5. Further development of school libraries. Plans for accomphshing the objectives are being worked out by five special committees—on Certification, Regional Libraries, Pubhcity, Trustees, and School Libraries. Completed to date are the first draft of a certification plan and a suc- cessful pubhcity campaign. This campaign was started by Governor Ely's procla- mation of "Library Week" October 21 to 27. Approximately 300 articles on the history and work of Ubraries appeared during this week, exhibits were arranged, book contests carried on, a series of radio broadcasts over Station WEEI inaugurated, and talks on the national and State plans given in different parts of the State. This organized publicity has noticeably stimulated pubhc interest in Ubraries. The activities of the Library Planning Board should strengthen the work of the Division through coordination of and cooperation with library clubs and other State organizations interested in educational extension service. TEACHERS' RETIREMENT BOARD In accordance with the provisions of Section 16, Chapter 15 of the General Laws (Ter. Ed.) the election of a member of the Retirement Association to serve on the Retirement Board for the term of three years from December 1, 193-1, was held in November. There were 5,950 ballots returned to the office of the Board, of which 5,815 were for Mr. Harry SmaUey, of Fall River, and he has been reelected for the term of three years. Mr. Smalley has been a member of the Board since 1914.

The rate of assessment for the school year beginning July 1, 1934, was fixed at 5 per cent of the annual salary of each member, subject to the provision of the law which requires that the minimum annual assessment shall be S35 and the maxinium annual assessment flOO. Notice has been given by the Board of its intention to continue this rate for the school year beginning July 1, 1935. The Teachers' Retirement Board has estimated that it will be necessary that the State appropriate the following amounts for the fiscal year ending November 30, 1935: 28 P D. 2. Pensions to retired members and to make good any deficit in the annuity fund ...... $1,076,000 00 Reimbursement of cities and towns on account of pensions paid under local systems ...... 260,584 86 Administration expenses ...... 16,765 00 $1,353,349 86

The membership of the Retirement Association, including the members on the retired list, has increased from 7,336 on December 31, 1914, the j^ear the Retire- ment System was established, to 21,684 on December 31, 1934. For the year 1934 there was a net increase of 214 in the active membership. There are now 20,013 active members, of whom 3,953 are teachers who served in Massachusetts prior to July 1, 1914, and voluntarilj^ joined the Association, and 16,060 are teachers who entered the service of this State for the first time since that date and were required to join. The total deposits for the year amounted to $1,871,285.95, an increase of $101,777.23 over the deposits received in 1933. Pa^Tiients amounting to $425,844.42 were made on account of members who left the service of the public schools of Massachusetts. Of this amount, $351,117.90 was contributions and the balance, $74,726.52 was interest. Paynients for the year amounting to $140,435.37 were made to the estates of deceased members. Since the Retirement System was established, $5,551,689.66 has been paid to members who have left the service and $906,836.16 has been paid to the estates of deceased members. The income over disbursements amounted to $2,023,222.10 and the gross assets have increased to $24,298,675.49. The total liabiUties amount to $23,972,586.87, leaving a surplus of $326,088.62. The interest due the Retirement Fund and unpaid on December 31, amounted to $55,786.67 as follows: Par Interest due Value and unpaid Atlantic Citv, N. J $140,000 00 $12,360 00 Detroit, Mich 749,000 00 43,046 67 Toledo, Ohio 8,000 00 380 00

$897,000 00 $55,786 67

Interest at the rate of 4 per cent was credited to the accounts of the members on December 31, 1934. The total interest credited for the year to the members' accounts and the annuity reserve fund amounted to $894,494.27. One hundred seventv-four teachers retired during the year 1934, their annual retiring allowances amounting to $157,944.28. Of this amount, $38,792.08 was annuity derived from the contributions made by these members before retirement and the balance was pension paid from State appropriations. The retirements for the year were as follows: On account of disability before attaining the age of sixty, 9; voluntary retirements, ages sixty to sixty-nine, 114; compulsory retirements at age seventy, 51. The following table gives statistics relating to the 174 members retired in 1934:

Retirements P.D. 2. 29 On December 31, 1934 there were 1,580 retired members living who retired at the age of sixty or over and the average retiring allowance for these members was $762.84. There were also 91 retired members living who were retired on account of disability before age sixty. The average retiring allowance for these members was $390.55. There were, therefore, 1,671 retired members living on December 31, 1934, their retiring allowances amounting to $1,240,036.20 of which $1,014,792.28 is pension paid from State appropriations and $225,243.92 is annuity. There are 1,498 members of the Retirement Association who during 1935 will be eligible to retire at the age of sixty or over, 40 of whom wiU be required to retire at the compulsory age of seventy. MASSACHUSETTS NAUTICAL SCHOOL The Work of the Year There have been no majbr changes in the equipment or the work during the past year. During the winter term the Nantucket M-as berthed as usual at the Na\y Yard, Charlestown, Mass. The berth is a superior one as there is adequate space for drills, classrooms, and storage. Also, privacy is assured. The itinerary of the Schoolship Nantucket on the cruise included the following ports: Provincetown ; Horta, Azores; Dublin, Ireland; Liverpool, England; Antwerp, Belgium; Oporto, Portugal; Gibraltar; Madeira; Fall River; Cataumet; and Boston. The mileage on the cruise was 9,740, about one third of this mileage being made under sail alone. Good weather was for the most part experienced, making ideal conditions for practical work. Mr. Nicolai S. Sivertsen, Senior Watch Officer, resigned on May 4, anticipating reaching the retiring age of seventy in July. Mr. Sivertsen had fifty-six years of sea service, twenty-six years having been spent in the service of the school. He served on sailing vessels of the last century, and on the modern steamers of the present century\ His work as an officer and instructor was highly satisfactory and his resignation was accepted with regret. At the spring graduation exercises, a prize was awarded for the first time by the Society of the War of 1812 to an engineer graduate. This prize is to be awarded at each graduation, and we heartily appreciate this interest of the Society in the work of the Nautical School. The economic depression has not to any serious extent affected the work of the graduates. Practically 100 per cent of the graduates of the past year have been placed on board American ships. Very recently wide-spread attention has been called to the good work of one of the graduates, Ivan Freeman, of East Orleans, who was graduated in 1917. He was Acting First Officer on board the Mono Castle when that ship caught fire off the New Jersey coast resulting in the loss of many hves. The Board of Inquiry exonerated Mr. Freeman from any blame in connection with the tragedy. His work throughout was creditable and eUcited commendation. He was among the last to leave the burning ship. Removal op Office On February 24 the office of the Commissioners was moved from 14 Beacon Street to the State Office Building, known as the Department of Public Works Building, 100 Nashua Street, Boston. BRADFORD DURFEE TEXTILE SCHOOL

The enrolment in the daj'^ classes for the school year 1933-1934 was 148. In the evening classes 2,075 applications were received and 1,201 were enrolled, no student having had his name placed upon the register until he had been in attendance at least three evenings. The school graduated at the close of the last school year 50 from the day classes and 350 from the evening classes. Of the evening graduates 35 were of diploma grade and 315 were granted certificates. The special morning classes that were started during the last school year for the benefit of those employed afternoons and evenings have been of considerable benefit to those working in the textile mills of Fall River and vicinity and who are not able to attend the evening classes owing to their hours of employment. These 30 P.D. 2. classes are being continued and will be a part of the program of the school during such time as the mills maintain the present operating schedules. During the past year the school has given considerable attention to developing the different courses offered in order to meet the requirements of many new trends in the industry. The Bradford Durfee Textile School offers instruction primarily in the cotton manufacturing branch of the textile industry and this branch, like many others, has seen rapid changes take place during recent years. Such changes bring new demands upon the educational institution whose object is to train men for the industry. Not only do these new trends bring demands upon the educational content of the different courses offered, but also demands upon those machinery facihties of the school which are used, in co-operation with the industry, in working out new processes and new methods. Manufacturing practices that were accepted in the past are being questioned and tested more than ever today, and the textile school is in a favorable position to co-operate with industry in this work. The increased number of calls being made upon the facilities of the testing laboratory of this school is evidence that the school can be of material assistance when trying new methods or testing old ones. The supremacy of Massachusetts in the textile industry has been seriously challenged in recent years, largely through conditions not under the control of the industry. With the removal of these conditions, through the adoption of a textile code of fair competition, the success of the industry, in any particular section of the country, will depend more than ever upon the skill of the operative and the ability of management. To the promotion of both of these objectives, the textile school, through the instruction offered in both the day and evening classes, is in a position to render very material assistance.

LOWELL TEXTILE INSTITUTE The increase, although small, that has occurred during the past two years in the day classes and the larger increase in the evening class give evidence of the return of confidence in the textile industry and the recognized need of technical training. This year the day registration is 188 and the evening, on November 30, 1934, was 1,237. While the Chemistry and Textile Coloring course in the day school claims the largest percentage of students, the interest in the Textile Engineering course, particularly Sales Option section, is growing and it is the behef that this branch of the work will assume great importance. The report of the survey made by Frederick M. Feiker of all textUe educational institutions in this country was issued during the past year by The TextUe Founda- tion, Washington, D. C. Under the title "The Training of Men for the Textile Industry" Mr. Feiker sets forth much that has been accomphshed and makes valuable recommendations that should cause the present system of textile education to be even more effective in preparing youth for the many branches of the textUe industry. It is particularly gratifying to find that many of the courses and methods of instruction at the Institute as well as the purposes and objects to be attained agree with many statements of the report. The need of broadly trained men for the textUe industry has been maintained by the trustees and faculty of this Institute for many years. The addition of an increasing number of correlated subjects to those which are highly technical and the need of research work in aU fields of textUe activity has taxed the aUotted tinae of the regular four-year courses leading to the bachelor degree. The desire on the part of certain qualified graduates to continue their work further into certain fields has been frequently expressed. Mr. Feiker sets forth in his report the advisabihty of organizing courses that will prepare college men having a Bachelor of Arts degree for certain positions in the industry. To meet both of these problems it is deemed advisable to offer an advanced year for graduates from the Institute and two years to coUege graduates holding Bachelor degrees. Upon the completion of this advanced work a Master of Science degree in either TextUe Engineering or TextUe Chemistry should be conferred. To carry out this purpose a bUl has been presented to the Legislature asking for this additional right. Because of the larger classes in both the day and evening classes in the Chemistry Department and P.D. 2. 31 because of the crowded condition in the limited space, the additional three stories to the present Colonial Avenue Building become more and more imperative. The work in the present space is limited and the students are handicapped. NEW BEDFORD TEXTILE SCHOOL Day courses continued along the same general lines as in former years. The Chemistry, Dyeing and Finishing Departments had more than a capacity enrolment, a number having been unable to enroll, and several others were persuaded to enroll in other courses. In the evening classes a new course for women and entitled "Textile Preparation for Women" proved quite popular and promises further developments. The Weaving Department continues to be the most largely attended of our evening classes and requires all the facilities of the school to give them necessary attention. Looms required for weaving fancy cloths still form the basis of the advanced instruction in this department. This applies to jacquards, lenos, and box looms, both regular and automatic. General Cotton Manufacturing Course.—Our General Cotton Manufacturing Course is specializing on long draft, rayon and mixtures of rayon and cotton, in addition to their regular curricula, and this follows the trend of our local cotton industries. Fancy ply yarns is also another feature in this course. Chemistry Department.—The Chemistry Department, although overtaxed by numbers, is giving special attention to qualitative analysis. Other than this the regular course is being followed. Designing Department.—Dobby and jacquard work is being featured in our Designing Department, with sucfcessful results. Color and color matching, due to the increased use of rayon yarns, has also been given special attention. Mechanical Department.—This department is getting good results, and has followed the poUcy of previous years by designing and building machine equipment. A countershaft with a forward and reverse drive was completed for our model bench screw cutting lathe. Knitting Department.—The knitting department is doing considerable work in textile testing, in analysis of cotton, rayon and other fibres, and in microscopic tests.

Statistics of Attendance and Graduation, 1933-34 Day students registered, 132; day students attending, 118; evening students registered, 1,757; evening students attending, 1,344. Graduated 1934—'day students, 41, evening students, 135.

Classification of Students by Courses Day students.—General cotton manufacturing course, 32; chemistry, dj^eing and finishing course, 52; designing course, 5; knitting course, 2; mechanical course, 21; junior cotton manufacturing course, 3; secretarial course (women), 3. Evening students.—^Carding and spinning department, 149; weaving and warp preparation department, 684; designing department, 95; knitting department, 30; mechanical department, 301; chemistry, dyeing and finishing department, 85. DIVISION OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION Rural RehabiHtation now has the spot-light. Responding to inquiries from the United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, the following authoritative opinions have been expressed by the persons below named, with reference to the back-to-the-land— situation in Massachusetts: Subsistence or Welfare Gardening. ". . . We are increasing our supplies of vegetable gardening bulletins in order to meet the growing demands of those going back to gardening for the purpose of piecing out their incomes. "The attendance at our extension meetings in vegetable gardening has been growing and a keener interest has been displayed for information that would be helpful in making vegetable gardening more remunerative by giving additional products for use in the home."—W. A. Munson, Director of M. S. C. Extension Service. Part-time Farming.—Findings in the summary of a survey of the possibilities in. 32 P.D. 2. Massachusetts adjacent to six selected industrial centers, taken in November, 1932, and forwarded to Washington February, 1933, by the Massachusetts Department- of Agriculture: The average part-time farm size is about two acres. The costs of such farming are relatively low, averaging $60.61. Relatively little cash can be gained. "Little produce can be sold, and what is sold must be to neighbors or on roadside stands." Rewards include lower costs of living, the average estiinated amounts being $203. 12 per family. Other rewards are: Improved health; better housing; better balanced diet; conditions better for bringing up children; and greater economic stabilitJ^ "Deprived of a job, the city worker will accept almost anj^ wage and labor conditions rather than starve. The part-time farmer has an added sense of security and is much less dependent upon the seasonal and cyclical vicissitudes of industry than the employed city worker. "Granted that any wholesale, unguided back-to-the-land movement is the poorest solution of our present unemployment problem. It is the finding of this survey that ... in Massachusetts ... a guided, back-to-the-land movement is practicable and advisable."—A. W. Gilbert, Commissioner, Massachusetts Department of Agriculture. Full-Time Farming.—"We have not noticed a marked shrinkage in farm values.

". . . there are fewer farms for sale .... In other words, a number of farm owners who had their farms for sale have withdrawn them. We have had increased inquiry on the part of real estate agents wanting farms to Hst for sale. W^e likewise continue to have a substantial number of mail inquiries, coming largely from people in the towns and cities, who have had farm experience or who want to get into the country .... "The number of foreclosures is not increasing to any appreciable extent .... "We find no indication of any speculation in farm lands .... "Credit for farms is exceedingly scarce,—practically non-existent in most dis- tricts .... We find that farmers are getting onto a cash basis and are borrow- ing very little .... There is a distinct tendency for farmers to live at home and there has been for the past two or three years. ". . . farmers have gone further toward adjusting their business than most other lines of industry .... I think farmers are in better shape financially than many other classes of people."—President E. H. Thomson, Federal Farm Land Bank, Springfield, Massachusetts. Warning to Back-to-the-Landers.—In his note transmitting a copy of his letter to Washington, in which his foregoing statements were made for such use as this, Mr. Thomson added this significant warning: "I am stUl of the opinion that those back-to-the-landers having neither experience nor funds are apt to have a very hard road ahead of them." Full-Time Farming, as of April 27, 1934.—"We find farmers looking forward to considerabl}^ improved conditions. There is a marked increase in the demand for good farms of medium size and price. Farm prices are more encouraging throughout the entire district for the general average. "Farmers are taking advantage of Government agencies, which include not only long-term first and second mortgages but also short-term loans through the production credit associations, for securing money to do business at a low rate of interest. This has made available considerable cash for business in general throughout the entire district. The financial condition of farmers will probably be better this coming y&ax than it has been for a long time."—President E. H. Thomson, Federal Farm Land Bank, Springfield, Massachusetts. Hubbardston.—Employment of a vocational agricultural instructor by the Hubbardston School Committee, for the purpose of helping the Federal Emergency Relief Administration Rural Rehabilitation Authorities to carry on a sound program in its agricultural education aspects, has been approved. This man conducted a preliminary survey two weeks in November, and began his teaching duties December 1, 1934. Federal income under our George-Ellzey Act has been allocated to Hubbardston to cover this instructor's salar3\ —

P.D. 2. 33 The foregoing summaries are believed to be accurate and conservative. They indicate abundant warrant for the vocational agricultural education program now in progress in Massachusetts. "Earning and Learning" have continued to be our watchwords. The earnings of our vocational agricultural pupils, while still in school, have now advanced to the arresting total, for the period since our first reliable project and other supervised practice accounting began, of more than three and a half million dollars ($3,961,092.28 at the end of the project year, October 15, 1934). We claim that we have contrived, consistently, to have participation in applied agriculture and horticulture at the moment of study, or at the first seasonable opportunity, more than three and a half milUon dollars worth of it. Scholarship is not neglected. Ambitious pupils, talented for such work, have gone on to agricultural colleges, to the extent of about seven per cent of all vocational agricultural graduates. A single Vocational Agricultural Department counts three of its recent graduates as now holding degrees of Ph. D, in fields allied to agriculture from Harvard. In composition we reported first prize of $125 won last year by Alfred J. CipoUa, a member of the Senior Class at Essex County Agricultural School, in the Swift & Company Essay Contest. At this writing word has been received from Chicago that the first prize has been won again, this year by S. Ted Ciaburri, a senior at Bristol County Agricultural School. In public speaking, last year a Reading Agricultural Department pupil, Albert W. Richardson, placed first in local, district, and State contests open to all vocational pupils; and placed first in the Regional Future Farmers of America Contest at Springfield, and National Future Farmers of America Contest at Kansas City. This gave Massachusetts two national pubhc speaking championships out of the three contests since it had begun to try for such honors. A Worcester Agricultural Department sophomore placed sixth this year, and will be ehgible to try again next year. Judging contests continue to play important educational and sporting parts in our program. Judging dairy cattle, our Massachusetts team placed first in September at the Regional Contest held at Eastern States Exposition in Spring- field, with first and second highest ranking individuals; and placed fourth in judging poultry, with individuals ranking fifth and ninth. A new contest in judging ornamental plants appears to have become well established. Milk judging is gaining in interest and importance. Achievements of our pupils, in thrift, scholarship, writing, speaking, and judging, have continued to enhance the standing of our vocational agricultural education service in the eyes of pupils and teachers, parents and the public. Honorary Certificate for Outstanding Graduate.—A survey of graduates suggested for consideration by directors of schools and departments was made, and another was selected and recommended for recognition by the State Department of Agri- culture. The recommendation met with favorable action, and was followed by the awarding of an attractive certificate, at the banquet held in connection with the Sixteenth Union Agricultural Meeting in Worcester, January 4, 1934, for "Credit- able Accomplishments in Dairying". The young farmer so recognized was Mr, Edward Dwyer who graduated in 1921 from the Weymouth Branch of Norfolk County Agricultural School. This annual award is a high honor, and year by year adds to the prestige of our work. Teamwork.—Our success in helping to contrive effective teamwork programs among Smith-Hughes and Smith-Lever workers encourages us to work on and hope on. The need of such teamwork is perennial. Its price is perpetual patience and persistence.

Pre-Employment Teacher-Training and Training Teachers in Service Pre-Employment Teacher-Training.—The demand for new teachers has continued to be so slight that the cumulative effects noted last year have been accentuated. This has again been reflected in the greatly reduced enrolment in pre-employment teacher-training classes. It has also furnished the opportunity for greater emphasis upon professional improvement courses with more experienced teachers. The usual summer school courses were not offered in 1933 due to the fact that 34 P.D. 2. no new teachers had been appointed subject to teacher-training conditions, and no prospective vacancies warranted the encouragement of candidates who are without training. At the end of the school year 1933-1934, there were several mature candidates looking for such training, and a class was organized for them. Three graduate students have secured apprenticeships in substitute teaching positions, thus completing their teacher-training. One junior has secured four weeks of experience under supervision, partly meeting the apprenticeship requirement. The limitations which have developed through the adoption of the semester plan have been reviewed in conference and a new plan adopted. Training Teachers in Service.—As the teachers coming on the list this year had some previous training for our service, and since there is need of special scrutiny of travel expense, the usual procedure has been modified. An attempt has been made to arrange one visit at each school early in the fall term to forestall as many difficulties as possible. Another visit near the end of the year checks the results, but other visits are gauged by the respective needs for help of the several teachers. Somewhat fewer visits per teacher and more help bj' correspondence has been the rule, but in normal times the service is a more efficient use of time and funds. Whenever possible the helps prepared for one teacher are made available for others and, if with adaptation they might serve a large number, they are edited for the mimeographed staff letter. In normal times, this letter should be issued about once a month. It is one of the most economical means of helping teachers. Professional Improvement.—The required "professional improvement" has been met and reported satisfactorily in a greater degree than ever before. All teachers are expected to submit annual reports in September and those who have not previously completed a five-j^ear series of projects must submit acceptable projects in advance. About half of our teachers hold the five-year certificate. The supervisor of teacher-training has conducted a graduate course known as Education 183, in "Advanced Problems in Vocational Education in Agriculture" which was primarily for professional improvement for mature teachers. This course has been conducted at two centers in addition to individuals reporting at Amherst. At the Essex County School eighteen men were enrolled, and at Boston, eight persons. The class meetings have been at intervals of two to four weeks, depending on the itinerary of the supervisor. The regular school classes have furnished a laboratory for individual research in the intervals between meetings. College credit is earned by those who desire it. For teachers with some experience, this proves to be a most effective type of professional improvement. The twenty-third annual summer conference for aU agricultural teachers and directors occurred at the Massachusetts State College, Amherst, July 23 to 26, 1934. The sessions included general programs, sectional meetings, and business meeting. On the general programs were Director R. 0. Small, Mr. James Pearson, of the Federal Service, President Hugh P. Baker, and others of Massachusetts State College. TRADE AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION Boys and Men Day Schools The day vocational schools continue to show an increase over the previous school year in enrolment and in the number who were graduated. There were 1,116 graduates from the day and part-time co-operative schools for the school year 1932-1933; an increase of 17.4 per cent over the year 1931-1932. A new trade school consisting of a department of jewelry making has been organized in Attleboro, and eleven new schools, each with a general vocational department, have also been organized during the year. The city of Springfield is continuing its industrial survey. Though most of the field work has been done, the compihng of the statistics and study of the findings has not yet been completed. Based upon information already gained, new short unit courses have been added to the trade school which are functioning in helping individuals into profitable and congenial emploj^ment. Due to the operation of the National Recovery Administration and the effect of the depression thousands of boys and girls who, under previous employment :

P.D. 2. 35 conditions would have left school at 14-15 years of age to go to work and would have been enrolled in the continuation schools, have not left school. There is no employment for them. Generally speaking, this group of children neither enjoys the traditional type of school studies nor succeeds in them. They need to be given special treatment by setting up a curriculum organization which will not only interest them but in which they may have a measure of success. The school organization which they need is largely of the manual type with closely related studies. Such a school program will help these children to secure employment when they are old enough to leave school and will help them to be worthy citizens. To meet the changed conditions there has been organized in both the established trade and continuation schools a type of vocational training to prepare boys and girls for profitable employrnent of the kind which is known to exist in the community. The plan of organization contemplates the probability of a shorter period of training than the regular trade school requires and an achievement probably below that required for the skilled trades. These new schools and departments (general vocational) have been organized in Attleboro, Brockton, Chicopee, Everett, Holyoke, Lawrence, Leominster, Lynn, New Bedford, Newton, North Adams, Northbridge, Pittsfield, Salem, Southbridge, Springfield, Taunton, and Webster. They are designated as General Vocational Departments. A reorganization of the Pittsfield Vocational School has eliminated carpentry as a State-aided trade course. The Worcester Boys' Trade School did not run its usual summer school this year, due to the need for economy. The Waltham Trade School re-established its summer school for a period of four weeks. Though the record of placement of graduates of 1932-1933 left much to be desired, there was a decided improvement over the previous year. With an increase in the number of graduates of 17.4 per cent, the number placed in occupations for which training was given showed an increase of 66 per cent over the figures of the previous year. While figures have not yet been compiled for the school j^ear 1933-1934, it is known that in some schools and in certain trades nearly all the graduates were placed in the occupations for which they were trained.

Part-time Co-operative and Apprenticeship Schools The combined effect of the depression and the National Recovery Administra- tion has been to make it exceedingly difficult to carry on part-time co-operative work, since employers prefer to take young workers on full time if they take them at all; and most industries have undertaken to retain or re-employ their older employees. The Beverly Co-operative Trade School has only recently taken in new boys; the Cole Trade School in Southbridge has taken in quite a number of new boys in its machine course since the first of the present year; and the Boston Co-operative Schools have a few boys below the fifth year in co-operative employment. The part-time apprenticeship school for sheet metal apprentices in Metropolitan Boston carried on again last year in the South Boston High School. Two teachers were employed, though, due to poor employment conditions in the industry, the attendance was smaller than last year. A new department of factory maintenance was organized in the Cole Trade School. This department will train boys who will serve as millwrights and repair men for the entire plant of the American Optical Company or any other concern. No additional teacher is required, the boys in this department being routed through training in the following activities Mechanical Division—Machine shop practice, machine woodworking, sheet metal work, welding, piping, erecting, bench work, millwrighting, carpentry, drafting. Electrical Division—Battery work, motor and generator work, telephony, house- wiring and household appliances, electrical and neon signs, machine service. Evening Schools The evening industrial schools were operated in the same cities as last year excepting Quincy and Waltham. In addition, Cambridge, Chicopee, and Everett re-established their evening industrial schools and Beverly re-established those courses discontinued the previous year. As is always the case when employment 36 P.D. 2. is scarce the evening schools are not as well attended as in other years. The per- sistencj^ of attendance was satisfactory, however. Beginning with the opening of the evening schools in October, 1934, there was a decided increase in enrolment over the previous year which should mean that conditions of employment are much improved. One new course was established; eighteen courses were re-established; and four courses were discontinued for lack of sufficient enrolment or for econom3\ The new course established was mathematics for machinists in Springfield. The courses re-established were: Motors, generators, and switchboard at Beverly; automobile repair, architectural drawing, carpentry, cabinet making, electrical wiring, radio, machine shop, machine drawing, hand composition, hnotype, press- work, and welding at Cambridge; cloth design in Lawrence; mathematics and drawing for carpenters, electric machines, and sheet metal drafting in New Bedford; and machine shop work in Newton. The courses discontinued were: Printing at Beverly; graining at Boston; automobile repair at Lawrence; and bricklaying at Worcester. The schools discontinued were those in Quincy and Waltham. Due to the financial situation few new buildings or changes have been undertaken. New Bedford Vocational School built a new welding shop and took over a very fine automobile repair shop which had been vacated by the City Street Department. This makes the plant of this school one of the finest in the State. Weymouth Vocational School has built a fine garage 60 feet by 80 feet which has been in use since September 1. Somervalle has completed plans for a fine new building to house both the continuation and vocational schools. .

Pre-Employment Teacher-Training and Training Teachers in Service Since vocational teachers in Massachusetts are taken directly from industry, professional preparation is subordinated to thorough trade experience. The pre- employment teacher-training consists of an intensive, brief course conducted usually in the evening in appropriate centers. Continued professional growth is assured by the professional improvement requirement. Pre-Em-ployment Teacher-Training.—Carefully selected men, representing trades in which there is a need for teachers or the future prospect of such a need, are enrolled annually in a teacher-training course. This course is one hundred and twenty hours in length, and includes principles of vocational education, trade analysis, methods of teaching, and supervised practice. Usually such classes are conducted in each of several cities so located as to offer a State-wide opportunity. Last year, owing to curtailment of the need for teachers, only one class, in Boston, was opened. Of fifty-eight candidates who applied for admission to it, twenty-five were enrolled and graduated. They represented the following trades: Automobile P.D. 2. 37 Boston Continuation School (one), Massachusetts School of Art (one), Worcester Boys' Trade School (three), and Springfield Trade School (two). A summer conference for vocational directors and teachers was conducted at Fitchburg State Teachers College, July 2 to 7, 1934. The one-week conference was attended by 239 teachers and directors. Two sections of this conference, Methods of Teaching Radio Work and Auto Body and Fender Work, with an enrolment of 22 men, continued through a second week. Eight men attended four weeks in the new Advanced Cabinetmaking Course. A special four-week teacher- training course for General Vocational and Continuation teachers was conducted with an enrolment of 27. In addition to the formal professional improvement, service is rendered to individual teachers by visits of the supervisors, usually including helpful, individual conferences. A total of 564 such visits was recorded during the school year 1933- 1934. A conference of fire department officials and drill masters was held at Worcester, April 23 to 27, 1934, to develop further plans and methods for the conduct of the zone fire fighting schools throughout the State. Twenty-three men, designated by their respective departments, completed the full week's conference. Zone Schools for Training Firemen.—To the ten zone schools for training firemen organized under the direction of the Vocational Division, in co-operation with the Massachusetts Fire Prevention Committee and the Fire Chiefs' Club last year, three new zone schools were added: At Truro, Attleboro, and Fitchburg. The supervisor of teacher-training was assigned the responsibility for this program by the Director of the Division; the assistant supervisors also took an active part. A manual on Methods of Teaching including analyses of drill evolutions and fire fighting practice was prepared for use of fire school instructors. The organization of the firemen training schools was extended to include a second or advanced unit. A total of 1,034 certificates has now been issued to men from 193 cities and towns. Watchmen's Course.—A special course for night watchmen was established in co-operation with the Boston Chamber of Commerce. 578 watchmen, designated by their employers, attended the four afternoon sessions held in Gardner Audi- torium, State House, October 8, 15, 22 and 29. Directors' Conferences.—Continuing the all-day conferences of trade school directors and selected department heads which began last year, further conferences were held for one specific department, as follows: At Worcester Boys' Trade School, March 9, 1934, Printing; at Boston Trade School, May 11, 1934, Cabinet Making. Citizens' Conservation Corps Camps.—The Director and Supervisors have co- operated with the Educational Directors of the Citizens' Conservation Corps Camps and have participated in conferences to assist in developing a program. Several tradesmen who have completed the Teacher-Training Course have volunteered their services and given much time to the Citizens' Conservation Corps Camps as instructors. TRADE, INDUSTRIAL, AND HOMEMAKING EDUCATION Girls and Women

A new Trade School for Girls has been organized in Springfield. This school consists of departments in foods and catering, in dressmaking and power-stitching, and general vocational education. A new vocational arts _ household school has been successfully established in the high school at Attleboro and one in the high school at East Bridgewater. The State Department of Education has continued to co-operate with the State Department of PubUc Health in conducting a third series of lessons in Home Hygiene for a group of convalescing patients at the Lakeville Sanatorium in Middleborough. Continued consideration is being given to the development of management problems and consumer information in the Household Arts and Girls' Continuation Schools. The millinery unit has been re-established in the practical art program in Lynn. A practical art program, including units in dressmaking, has been established in Dighton. 38 P.D. 2. The practical art program in Lowell was re-established, with units of work in dressmaking, this being made possible by use of George-Ellzey Funds. Plans have been made to use the George-Ellzey Funds to estabUsh, restore, and extend worthwhile homemaking programs, to finance the salaries of qualified unemployed teachers, and to give an opportunity to experiment further with apprentice teaching. General vocational departments for girls have been organized in connection with boys' vocational schools at Attleboro, Brockton, Chicopee, Everett, Holyoke, Lawrence, Leominster, Lynn, New Bedford, Newton, North Adams, Northbridge, Pittsfield, Salem, and Taunton. Pre-Employment Teacher-Training and Training Teachers in Service. Pre-Employment Teacher-Training.—In June, 1934, teachers qualified for teaching in vocational and continuation schools were graduated from the four-year vocational household arts course at State Teachers College, Framingham. During the year 1933-1934, vocational household arts students had apprentice teaching for nine weeks at New Bedford and Smith's (Northampton) Household Arts Schools, and at the Springfield Commercial High and Junior High Schools. Stu- dents also had eighteen days of supervised trade experience in Boston at the Brittany Coffee Shop, Girls' Trade School, Women's City Club, and the Women's Educational and Industrial Union. A teacher-training course of eighty hours was conducted in Boston by an assistant supervisor for candidates, otherwise qualified to teach clothing, foods, home decoration, and home hygiene in adult classes. At the 1934 Fitchburg State Teachers College Summer School, the usual teacher- training courses of varying lengths were conducted by supervisors for candidates, otherwise quaHfied for teaching in trade, continuation or household arts schools, or in practical art classes for women. These courses dealt with the principles, philosophy, and current problems of vocational education; also with methods of teaching, including practice teaching, in the respective types of schools. Training Teachers in Service.—During the school year 1933-1934, the women supervisors made 341 visits to continuation and vocational schools for girls and women, 731 visits to individual teachers, and rendered special service to innumerable teachers both in connection with school visits and in office conferences. These supervisory visits and contacts are made for the purpose of assisting local authorities in the maintaining and promoting of satisfactory standards of work. By special assignment, the supervisors assisted in the organization and conduct of regional conferences for the training of workers in the Federal Emergency ReUef project in education, co-operated in the supervision of the homemaking and pre- school phases of this work and prepared suggestive material for distribution to these workers. The low-cost menus prepared by this division, based on the foods lists of the Department of PubUc Health, have continued to be of service to homemakers, home economists, social workers and others. Teachers have continued with satisfactory professional improvement programs of study and research, chosen with reference to their special needs in their school work. Courses in dress design, with practice in sketching, were conducted for clothing teachers in adult classes by an art trained teacher and an assistant supervisor at Boston and Worcester, respectively. The sixth issue of the "News Letter for Practical Art Classes for Women" was prepared (in March, 1934) for distribution to all practical art supervisors and teachers. The principal emphasis was upon "Practical Art Teachers Help in Emergency Programs", "Low Cost Menus and Food Prejudices", and "What Others Are Doing". At Fitchburg State Teachers College Summer School, 1934, professional improvement conferences were held from July 2 to 20 for one, two, or three weeks for supervisors and teachers of household arts, continuation and trade schools for girls, and practical art classes for women. All conference members considered activities, problems and methods of teaching in their respective tj^pe of school. In the forum of the second week, the main theme was "LTnderstanding Adolescents as a Means to Better Citizenship Training". This was followed by an informal discussion of problems which teachers have P.D. 2. 39 encountered in dealing with young people. During the third week, a clothes clinic presented fashion trends and economies in dress, planning and selecting the ward- robe, evaluating ready-to-wear garments, and the restyhng of old garments. As in former sessions, each teacher selected from the following program that which would help her most in her school work: Vocational guidance, methods of teaching citizenship and related and academic subjects; special order cooking, methods of teaching foods with the planning and preparation of meals at different income levels; nutrition with special reference to economy measures and methods of teaching various ages and abilities; principles and practices in teaching home hygiene and care of the sick; improved methods and techniques in clothing, advanced dressmaking methods and construction with special emphasis on woolen coats, suits and matching fabric hats; principles of dress design and methods of teaching related art; finishing and refinishing of new or old furniture and consumer information with preparation of illustrative material. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health again co-operated in the work of the summer session. The National Headquarters of the American Red Cross co-operated as formerly with this division and the State Department of Public Health in making possible a special one-week conference for teachers of home hygiene in vocational and other schools and for other nurses throughout the State in the methods of teaching home hygiene and care of the sick. The assistant to the National Director of Public Health Nursing of the American Red Cross and a nutritionist from the Massa- chusetts Department of Public Health were the instructors. At Fitchburg State Teachers College Summer School, 195 teachers in continuation and different types of vocational schools attended the professional improvement conference and teacher-training courses for varying lengths of time.

ART IN INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS The part-time art courses in industry and business carried on co-operatively between the Division of Vocational Education and the Massachusetts School of Art, have been continued under the direction of the supervisor, with one additional assistant in one course. The supervisor again co-operated with the Industrial and Civic Art Committee of the Boston Chamber of Commerce in directing and carrying on a series of manufacturers' meetings. Mr. John E. Alcott, supervisor, resigned in September to accept a position in industry. Mr. Frank L. Allen was appointed to succeed him. Three issues of the Art News Letter have been published during the year and distributed to Massachusetts business organizations. Two classes of apprentices were held during the year, co-operatively as follows: 40 P.D. 2. CONTINUATION SCHOOLS For the continuation schools the school year 1933-1934 was one of complete readjustment. A few of the new problems and conditions arising in the continuation schools incident to the operation of the National Recovery Administration Codes are stated below: Minors who lost jobs during the summer made up a large proportion of continuation school pupils. They were in attendance twenty hours rather than for the four hours of attendance required when they were regularly employed. The program had to be modified to meet this fact. Boys' work took on the character of employment preparation training rather than employment extension training. Some minors, who under the National Recovery Administration provisions may be employed three and one-half hours per day in certain employments, requested that they might attend the continuation school rather than the regular school. This occurred only in the larger centers. Where possible and proper, they have been served in the continuation school. Continuation school organizations have also been used to serve, on a non-State- aided basis, both boys and girls who want to work just as soon as they can get a job. This situation has been a significant factor in the development of General Vocational Departments. This program has kept on the list of continuation schools all schools in operation the previous year except those in Adams, Holyoke, and Marlborough, which were temporarily suspended. The regular course (120 hours) in the pedagogy of the continuation school was conducted by the Department at the State Teachers College, Fitchburg, during the month of July. A professional improvement conference was also conducted for directors and teachers in these schools. All continuation schools and teachers were visited by State supervisors during the year. There were 5,175 different minors enrolled, who received instruction as continuation school pupils. The net maintenance reimbursement to municipalities for the year amounted to $88,873.75. The tuition reimbursement amounted to 11,676.96. A comparative statem.ent regarding enrolment and courses offered in these schools, as compiled November. 1921 and 1934, follows. P.D. 2. 41 I

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44 P.D. 2. REHABILITATION SECTION Legislation

No new legislation which directly affected the work of the Rehabilitation Section was enacted during the 1934 session of the Legislature.

Administration and Procedure

The Rehabilitation Section's primary object is to train the physically handicapped person of employable age for the particular job that, in light of his interests, ability, past experiences, and handicap, he is best able to fill efficiently. Any physical disability which constitutes a vocational handicap yet does not render the person unable to meet the demands of industry—such as daily travel and regular hours makes an applicant ehgible for the services of the Rehabilitation Section. Under the Department of Education this service is designed to assist workers injured by industrial accidents and, in addition, helps those persons who have received perm.a- nent disabilities in public accidents or who by disease or congenital defects are in need of special vocational plans and training. In order to make the work effective, it has been necessary to place it on a case basis since each prospective trainee presents a special set of circumstances, abilities and background. Public and private relief or health agencies, employers, teachers, and insurance carriers, are urged to refer their clients to the Rehabihtation Section for advice and service. The service is free and available to all physically handicapped persons in the State. It is held that any phase of the training opportunities extended to the physically handicapped in Massachusetts shall be considered not as a charity but rather as an extension of the public school system to fit the needs of a special group. An effort is made to initiate all training programs in such a way that there is reasonable assurance of actual employment in the chosen field and the trainee is early advised how to establish leads toward such employment. Massachusetts, in establishing the Rehabilitation service for physically handicapped adults, accepted the National Vocational Rehabilitation Act, and thus has as its partner the Federal Government. In this partnership, under policies developed by the Federal Board for Vocational Education, the Federal Government exercises the following functions: "(1) Making substantial financial contributions to the support of work, (2) promoting the serAdce generally, and (3) providing assistance in the development of standards of efficiency in the administration of the program." The financial contributions consist in the matching of each dollar expended by the State for Vocational Rehabilitation by a dollar of Federal money. At present the administration of the Federal Act is under the Office of Education in the De- partment of the Interior. A detailed statement of the policies and varied services of the Rehabilitation Section is to be found in a bulletin of the Massachusetts Department of Education entitled "Vocational Rehabilitation for Persons Disabled in Industry or Otherv\dse."

Co-operation The Rehabilitation Section seeks the co-operation of all agencies, whether public or private, who deal with the physically handicapped. As it is noted above, schools, hospitals, insurance companies, labor unions, and welfare organizations, as well as private individuals may freely contact the department in behalf of handicapped persons in whom they are interested. In this connection, the Re- habilitation Section especially welcomes an opportunity to co-operate in a plan that some other agency has worked out in detail but which cannot be accomplished without the funds or supervision of the State Rehabihtation Section during the preUminary or training period. A close relationship exists between the Rehabilitation Section and the Depart- ment of Industrial Accidents, for those cases in which there appears to be need of readjustment into a new type of employment by reason of the serious disability incurred at the time of the accident are automatically referred to the Rehabilitation Section in order that it may offer its services to the employees and employers involved. During the current year, a well-formulated plan has been made to Unk the P.D. 2. 45 Rehabilitation services with those of the Public Employment Offices. Physically handicapped persons who may be considered sufficiently well trained for positions they are competent to hold and whose first need is therefore employment are referred to an assigned worker at the Public Emplojnnent Office who endeavors to establish a contact for them directly with industry. The Public Employment Office in its turn refers to the Rehabilitation Section such physically handicapped persons applying to them who appear to be in need of further training in order to quahfy for and hold employment under present conditions. This close co-operation is as yet new, but its advantages are at once apparent.

Maintenance

Since it is apparent that certain programs of Rehabilitation will involve special expense in the matter of living costs, legislative procedure has made it possible for the Rehabilitation Section to recommend trainees for maintenance during the period of training. By the regulations of Chapter 74, Section 22B, G.L. (Ter. Ed.), approved by the Governor and Council in 1923, all applications for such maintenance must be made directly to the Rehabilitation Section, which then asks the co-operation of the Department of Public Welfare in reporting the financial circumstances of the applicants. In the year ending November 30, 1934, eight applications for maintenance were filed with the Rehabilitation Section and of this number after investigation six satisfactory training programs were made possible and carried through with maintenance.

Federal Relief Administration In September, 1933, the Federal Administration authorized the State Admin- istrators to use their relief funds to assign well-qualified workers (who were them- selves unemployed) to help in getting physically handicapped, unemployed adults into employment. Further funds were allocated to the Rehabilitation Section in order that such special expenses as were involved in setting up work opportunities and training programs for this group of unemployed might be met to their fullest benefit. Under this authorization, the Rehabilitation Section received services of three additional workers and a special clerk for seven months. These workers canvassed various branches of industry in behalf of unemployed disabled individuals and rendered valuable service in setting up employment training opportunities as well as in actual placements. During their tenure of office 1,945 contacts were made by them in behalf of 273 unemployed and needy physically handicapped persons.

Statistics During the period August, 1921, to November 30, 1934, the Rehabilitation Section has offered its services to 8,159 .persons in the Commonwealth. Of that number 3,434 were registered; 1,446 persons were returned to suitable employment and cases of 1 ,398 were closed for various other reasons. Classification of registrants is set out in the table on page 47. From December 1, 1933, to November 30, 1934, 146 persons were entered in training by the Rehabilitation Section. Public institutions used in 43.8 per cent of the cases were the principal means of training. Private institutions were used in 15.17 per cent. Since the correspondence courses were almost wholly those given by the Massachusetts Division of University Extension, the number trained through them may be added to that trained in public institutions, showing that public educational facilities were used in 54.1 per cent of the total number of training- cases. During the State fiscal year December 1, 1933, to November 30, 1934, a study was made of 184 cases in which employment while the trainee was pursuing a course of rehabilitation was a feature. The average weekly earnings of this group at the time of reference to the Rehabilitation Section was $1.15. After placement, the average weekly earnings of this group increased to 116.23. The increased earnings amount to 115.08 weekly and represent an annual payi-oU of $144,285.44. Many of these placements were at the minimum scale paid in the various occupations 46 P.D. 2. and these earnings represent much less than the ultimate earning power when complete rehabilitation is accomplished. The occupations for which training was given include the following: Accountant Linotype operator Agriculturist Lip reading Automobile Mechanical accountant Body worker and welder Metal products assembler General mechanic Motion picture operator Ignition man Musical instrument assembler Bookbinder Newspaper reporter Bookkeeper Novelty manufacturer Bookkeeper and typist Optometrist Building maintenance man Photo engraver and commercial Caterer designer Clerk Plumber Commercial artist Poultry keeper Cost accountant Power machine stitcher Costume designer Press feeder Dietitian Print cloth inspector Domestic service Printer Draftsman Radio operator Architectural Refrigerator service man Mechanical Sheet metal worker Tracer Shipper Floriculturist Shoe repairer Garment alteration worker Show card writer General office worker Sign painter Hairdresser Stenographer Hand compositor Stock record and inventory clerk Heat treating process man Telephone operator Household appliance repairman Theatre manager Industrial foreman Typist Jewelry repairman Watch and clock repairer Laboratory technician Watch repairer Lathe operator Woodworker P.D. 2. 47

Statistical Presentation of Registrants 48 P.D. 2. ineligible or not susceptible for its services and for whom no program has been planned. The statistics show a great preponderance of men over M'omen for reasons that will at once be clear, for young men are employed in the dangerous trades and therefore are more liable to maiming accidents. Moreover, physically handicapped girls frequently are protected by their families and fit into the normal duties of the home. Young men, on the other hand, often have financial obligations that it is impossible for them not to make rigorous efforts to meet. The relative youth- fulness of the registrants (more than 60 per cent being under thirty years of age) shows how rightly the Rehabilitation work may be considered an extension of the public school system and how valuable it is in establishing training opportunities for physically handicapped young men and women in skilled trades that will enable them to have lifetimes of independence. In regard to training agencies, it will be noted how extensively public school agencies co-operate in special programs for rehabilitation trainees. This is in accordance with Massachusetts Rehabilitation policies. Employment training—which is training under working conditions on the job itself—is in second place and it is worthy of note that these employment- training programs furnish many of the most satisfactory instances of permanent skilled employment for the trainees. Accident and disease are about equally responsible for the handicaps of the registrants, but by far the greatest disability represented in point of number is that involving hand or arm. This no doubt means that persons with this type of disabiUty meet with little assistance from the public or from employers, and it is evident that training programs for this group must be worked out with particular care and must be of some duration in order to be of help to the individuals so handicapped. To the layman, the number of closed cases that are not rehabilitated may appear large. It should be remembered that prior to the closure many of this group have received some service from the Department which may later stand them in good stead and that the nature of work with the physically handicapped renders it liable to changes of plan. A case closed as "Rehabilitated" means that permanent employment has been secured for the trainee. Illustrative Cases

There is no more satisfactory way to show how the Rehabihtation Section is able to help the physically handicapped than to present brief outlines of services rendered to individuals during the current year. These cases are selected to illustrate different types of assistance and training that are available under Re- habilitation supervision.

Public Institutional Training Conversing with an employment manager of a large plant, the Rehabilitation agent learned of a handicapped young woman, 18 years of age, who was frequently seeking work at the mill. The employment manager would have been glad to find work for her but dared not risk employing her on account of the fact that she had vision in only one eye. She was eager to help in the support of a large family of brothers and sisters who were still in school, but on account of her handicap without some special training there was little likelihood of her finding a job in the town. After an interview with the girl, the Rehabilitation agent suggested that she learn about the preparation of foods. He persuaded her to register at the Vocational School in a near-by city for a number of months, agreeing that the Rehabilitation Section would pay her daily transportation and planning the program to include the serving of foods and some elementary dietetics. During the spring term she was placed in a part-time job at a small tea-shop where she gained valuable experience in trjdng out many of the things she was being taught at the school. At the end of the school year, through the intensive efforts of the Rehabilitation Section, she entered fuU-time employment in the restaurant of a large department store with the understanding that she should be in line for special promotion as she gained knowledge of catering details and as openings occurred. She entered employment at the wage of $13.00 a week and is giving alert and satisfactory service in a field where her handicap is not a liability and where she will increase in skill and value by continuing on the job. (Case No. 2676). P.D. 2. 49 Private Institutional Training A violent and sudden accident at a tannery so wrenched the right arm of a man of 30 years of age that an immediate amputation at the shoulder was necessary. The courage of facing Ufe again after such a shock and loss cannot be over-rated. This man who had always held a job of some responsibility in the factory was exceptionally courageous. Three months after the accident he had begun to readjust himself and was eager to get back to work. Conferences between the employer and the Rehabilitation agent revealed that the firm hoped soon to install a new system of cost accounting and would be glad to have the injured employee (who was a high school graduate) initiate and maintain it under super\'ision if he could be given the ground-work quickly enough. To this plan, since he was still on compensation, the insurance company consented. Clearly it was necessary for him to have as intensive and flexible a course as possible to give him sufficient knowledge of fundamentals for him to grasp the plan of the certified public accountant who was to supervise the new books at the plant. Accordingly, as there was a definite job objective, the man was registered by the Rehabilitation Section at a private commercial school where for a time he was given personal instruction by a tutor before and after each class lecture. In three months, using his left hand, he had developed excellent penmanship, had revised his high school commercial training, and had advanced in the cost accounting sufficiently so that it was possible for him to spend part of each day at the plant organizing the new office arrangements. His knowledge of the factory and the terms used in the business was from the first an asset and in a few more weeks he transferred to the evening classes at the school (where he still continues) and began full time employment at the tannery office in charge of the bookkeeping. He now earns $30.00 a week. (Case No. 3353). Employment Training Thrown out of employment by business conditions after four years of inspection work in a factory, a totally deaf girl, 23 years of age, who for nearly eighteen months had kept up a continual search for work applied to the Rehabilitation office for assistance in finding a job. Through the efforts of the Rehabilitation worker, a leading dye house in the city was persuaded to try her out as a presser. It was suggested that the first few weeks of employment should be in the nature of a training period and that an effort should be made to direct her in fancy pressing with such additional mending and needle work as would serve to make her especially useful to the firm. Fortunately she did well during this introductory period and later entered regular employment with the cleansers at $14.00 a week as a fancy presser. (Case No. 2954). A young man, 22 years of age, of little schooling but with considerable industrial experience of an unskilled nature, badly mutilated his left hand in a non-compen- satory accident with a circular saw at his own home. When the representative of the Rehabilitation Section first saw him, his hand was not sufficiently healed for him to be ready for employment, but he was advised to lay the groundwork for a possible training program by contacting some of his former employers and letting the Rehabilitation Section know if he met with any encouragement. He was told that he might cite the interest of the Department of Education who would follow up any leads he could make. Subsequently a letter was received from one of his former employers asking an agent to call and discuss an employment training program for the young man who had approached them in regard to learning the trade of arc welding. After the employer and a representative of the Rehabilitation Section had worked out a program, he entered training in June with the Rehabilitation Section paying the single expense of transportation. His good attitude and ability brought him two increases in pay within six months. In December with the second rise in wages the Rehabilitation Section was able to consider that he was in regular employment, discontinued paying transportation, and "rehabilitated" him after employment training at a wage of $14.00 a week. (Case No. 2785). Combination Service A young man, 20 years of age, wore a heavily built-up shoe as a result of osteo- myeletis in childhood. This handicap did not cause him enormous discomfort or 50 P.D. 2. inconvenience, but it effectively prevented employers from considering him for work. His home conditions were unsettled and not very happy. He had spent his boyhood in hospitals and public institutions, and at the time of his referral to the Rehabihtation Section by another State Department he was faced with the prospect of going into the City Farm. Some years before, as a school boy, he had been told that he had native ability in dealing with a motor; this "lead", about which he had never been able to do anything, he earnestly desired to follow in order that he might earn his Uving. With the full story of his situation, the Re- habilitation agent approached a group of men interested in the welfare of boys and young men and asked their help in planning a training program in auto repair that should lead to the young man becoming self-supporting. One of them was persuaded to take the boy into his service garage for an employment program, designed to teach him all the essentials of auto repair, with the understanding that he should be placed on productive work as soon as possible. Until he was in some measure productive, his hving expenses were borne by the Rehabilitation Section under the maintenance policy described above. A second member of the men's club found him a clean, reasonably-priced place to live and kept a friendly interest in him during the whole period of training which lasted eight months. At the end of that time he was, in the opinion of the employer who had found him a willing trainee, ready for a regular first job in the garage. The young man therefore rather proudly took over his board and for the first time stood on his own feet as an apprentice at $12.00 a week with a vista of several promotions ahead. Through the co-operation of the local group of men, the Rehabilitation Section was able to help this physically handicapped boy in time to influence his whole working Ufe. (Case No. 3004). After a considerable period without work a destitute young man, 25 years of age, with a wife and a two-year-old son, obtained employment in a large plant doing expert mechanical work for which some years of experience had admirably fitted him. As a youngster he had lost his left leg above the.knee, and the artificial limb which he had worn for many years was now in poor condition. It became apparent that he would lose the precious job, which he had worked so hard to find, if he was not able to obtain a new leg. His foreman at the plant informed him that he must secure a new limb. Since he had been out of work so long, he had only $20.00 toward its purchase, and came to the Rehabilitation Section for help and advice. The Rehabilitation Section is able to assist in buying an artificial limb only when the appliance is a direct aid in obtaining or holding employment. It will in those circumstances accept one-half the cost from interested persons or from a social agency and can then match this sum from funds under its control. Following the call of the young man at the office, the Rehabilitation worker visited his place of employment and learned how satisfactory the work of the yoimg man was apart from the difficulties he was experiencing from the worn-out leg. He therefore suggested to the employer that the young man be loaned one-half the cost of an artificial limb in order to facilitate its inmiediate purchase and ensure his continuance on the job. Later the agent conferred with one of the directors of the firm who granted the advance of money and arranged that it should be deposited with the Rehabilitation Section. As a consequence, the young man is still at work and adequately equipped to meet all demands of the job at a wage of $24.00 a week, from which he has refunded the money loaned by the employer. (Case No. 2909).

Placement A young man, 26 years of age, who had served for six years as clerk and manager in a retail branch store of a large chain system was obliged to give up his work after a severe attack of rheumatic heart disease. He had been a good worker, but, since he could not return to the job he had been doing, the firm made no effort to re-employ him for two fuU years Since he was a married man with a small son, he had been obliged to secure financial help from relatives. His doctor, knowing his situation, inquired whether the Rehabilitation Section could not help a man thus handicapped. An interview with the man determined that he was eUgible for rehabilitation because of his inability to return to his previous employment. The interview further disclosed that the man had an education equivalent to three P.D. 2. 51 years of college grade. The Rehabilitation Section, armed with this information, interviewed the president of the concern for whom the young man had worked prior to his illness and asked for co-operation in returning him to suitable employment. The doctor who had originally referred the case furnished a statement to the effect that the man could safely attempt clerical or bookkeeping work. After learning that the Rehabilitation Section could provide special accountancy training if necessary, the employer took the matter into consideration, later notifying the department to have the applicant report for the clerical work. The employer asked the Rehabilitation Section to ascertain whether the young man needed the additional training in order to be satisfactory in the new work, but it developed that he was able to meet all demands of the job. Further, it is now the plan of his immediate supervisor that he be taught the buying of materials sold in the branch stores. The young man is therefore placed through the efforts of the Rehabilitation Section in sedentary work and is supporting his wife and child at a present salary of $20.00 a week. (Case No. 3048).

Correspondence Training A young man, 22 years of age, began to suffer a continued arthritis, principally in his hips. After a five years period of invalidism, during which walking became increasingly difficult as the hips grew ankylosed, he faced the fact that he was to be permanently handicapped. After a preliminary \dsit from a Rehabilitation agent, when his situation was fully discussed, he was able through friends to obtain the interest of a leading architect who signified to the Rehabilitation Section his willingness to employ the young man on tracing and other small jobs at such time as he had received some instruction in drafting. Since the young man was intel- ligent, appeared to have a flair for the type of work in which he was interested, and was moreover able to confer with his father who had done some building, the Rehabilitation Section agreed to furnish him with certain correspondence courses offered by the Massachusetts Division of University Extension. He has successively completed two parts of Architectural Drafting, Architectural Details, Structural Drafting, Elements of Structure, and Drawings for a Frame House. Although at times almost homebound, he has on occasion had opportunity to apply his knowledge in a practical way. He has now gained sufficient confidence to attempt attendance at classes in general building estimating at an evening vocational school. Recently he earned $150 in assisting on the plans for a small house; more recently still, the Relief Administration has moved to use him on a project in his own town. Given consideration and experience, this badly handicapped young man will be able to contribute very largely to his own support through the correspondence courses afforded him by the Rehabilitation Section. (Case No. 2904).

Rehabilitations During the year ending November 30, 1934, complete rehabilitation was effected in 149 cases. :

52 P.D. 2.

DIVISION OF UNIVERSITY EXTENSION

At the close of the fiscal year the records of the Division of University Extension showed that a grand total of 531,268 students had enrolled in courses since the division was established in 1916. The enrolments for the year numbered 29,754, of which 2,632 were in correspondence courses, 27,080 in classes, and 42 in courses given by radio. These figures are slightly smaller than those of the preceding year, the decrease in total enrolment being just about one per cent. To carry on its activities during the fiscal year, the division expended $152,832.22. It returned $132,817.93 to the State Treasury in charges collected for courses and for other educational services. It furnished without charge correspondence instruction to inmates of certain County, State, and Federal institutions, and educational films to State Teachers Colleges. By giving credit to the division for these "free" services, which represent a monetary value of $967, the total returns to the Commonwealth become $133,784.93. Based on these total returns, the net cost of maintaining the division was $19,047.29, and the cost per student was 64 cents. The following table gives the facts on costs and enrolments since the division enrolled its first student in 1916.

Total Cost per Yeari Returns Expenditures Enrolments Student 2

1916 $7,634 18 S50,671 95 3,397 $12 64 1917 8,895 82 74,996 75 3,708 17 82 1918 11,757 06 89,532 39 6,959 11 15 1919 21,880 39 111,911 45 14,393 6 20 1920 36.053 72 153,822 61 28,100 4 19 1921 41,359 58 191,432 91 28,447 5 27 1922 51,536 43 187,477 98 32,478 4 18 1923 63,278 50 183,004 11 32,388 3 69 1924 79.054 84 157,980 92 35,201 2 24 1925 97,460 64 161,503 62 34,800 1 84 1926 112,558 64 168,125 88 34,643 1 80 1927 134,325 85 171,282 15 37,802 1928 152,560 63 171,122 41 36,559 51 1929 160,722 71 174,821 49 36,352 38 1930 160,617 41 174,820 39 36,811 39 1931 170,266 26 182,964 53 37,373 33H 1932 149,295 04 180,220 81 30,970 1 00 1933 141,556 68 158,401 28 30,135 56 1934 133,784 93 152,832 22 29,754 64

1 This refers to fiscal which roughly approximates the calendar year. 2 Cost per student is calculated by subtracting total returns from expenditures and dividing remainder by enrolment.

During each of the years from 1916 to 1931 there had been with one exception a decrease in the cost per student. The cost increased suddenly in 1932 for the reason that receipts fell off sharply at the same time that salary schedules remained unaltered. In 1933 there were salary reductions throughout the service so that the cost per student was reduced nearly 50 per cent below that of the preceding year. A slight increase in cost per student occurred in the last fiscal year for two reasons (1) the salary reductions of the full-time employees had been partially restored for half of the fiscal year, and (2) the total appropriation for the division was too small to permit the organization of a sufficient number of classes to occupy profitably the entire staff.

A New Trend in Adult Education Eight years ago, in its Twelfth Annual Report, this division reported a drift toward cultural subjects on the part of university extension students. It noted an increasing demand for studies that appeared to yield a larger spiritual and intel- lectual return than the narrower and more practical occupational courses that had been in the ascendancy a few years before. People were turning to studies which foster living rather than a living. That drift has become steadily more marked and at the same time more exten- P.D. 2. 53 sive. Courses of a recreational as well as of a cultural and educational character are being sought by adults who insist on devoting their growing leisure to worthwhile activities and refuse to waste it on meaningless and futile pursuits. The change in demand from utilitarian to avocational courses is rather well illustrated by the experience of the division in its Commercial Art classes. For many years these classes were attended by young business men and women who wanted instruction in drawing, sketching, lettering, and design, to develop technique in illustrating and to apply their acquired skills to advertising and business. Recently it was noted that an increasing number of students were taking the instruction, not for its possible occupational transfer, but simply for the enjoyment of the activity itself. While continuing to offer Commercial Art for business people, the division added a course in Sketching and Painting for Recreation which immediately proved popular. At the request of an enthusiastic group of students in this year's course a series of lessons in landscape sketching and painting were given out-of-doors in the late spring. In keeping with its tradition of responding promptly to any change in the educational needs of adults, the di\'ision published during the past year two special bulletins under the title of "Recreation by University Extension" which called attention to the recreational as well as the cultural and educational value of certain courses in its winter and fall schedules. Among the courses described in these bulletins were: Art of enjoying music; choral singing; ensemble playing; sketching and painting for recreation; architectural sketching for the amateur; fashion drawing; etching; pottery; tapestry weaving; woodcut engraving and linoleum block printing; arts and crafts for the home; practical photography; reading for recreation; story telling; drama, opera, and pageant production; play production; dramatic workshop; dramatics for recreation; voice culture; nature and science as a recreation. The type of course listed here implies active participation on the part of the student. He is a doer in contrast to being a listener, as in the usual lecture-type course. For example, the pottery course provides an opportunity to make an article of one's own choosing; play production entails the construction of scenery, planning costumes, and taking part in the public performance of a play; choral singing serves the human need for expression through music for there is actually much more personal satisfaction in a possibly mediocre performance in which one participates than there is in listening to a perfect performance by others. "The enrichment of adult life" is the objective of this new type of educational activity now in demand. Under an objective so broad and inclusive many and various worth while acti\dties for adults may be sponsored in the future. It is worthy of note here that an interesting experiment in this field has been conducted for two successive years in Concord with the assistance of volunteer teachers. A large variety of courses were offered including such subjects as interior decorating, cooking by electricity, cabinet making, elementary bookkeeping, handicraft, reading in Concord history, problems of democracy, sketching, Spanish, the Greek drama and its influence on the modern drama, writing for pleasure and profit, home landscaping, and rug making. Hundreds of adults were interested in and accepted the instruction which was provided.

Classes of Special Interest "Adventures in Ci-vilization" was one of the outstanding courses of the year. It consisted of a series of lectures dealing with significant changes taking place in the world about us as reflected in literature, communication. South American affairs, journalism, international understanding, and economic planning. Each lecture in the course was given by a man especially fitted by his training and experience to discuss the particular topic allotted to him, as may be seen from the following list of the lecturers: Norman Hapgood, former United States Minister to Denmark; Will Irwin, Journalist and Author; Edward Tomlinson, Special News Correspondent on South American Affairs; J. 0. Perrine, Associate Editor, Bell System Technical Journal; F. Lauriston BuUard, Chief Editorial Writer, The Boston Herald; Manley 0. Hudson, Bemis Professor of International Law, Harvard Law

School ; Harlow S. Person, Managing Director, The Taylor Society; William Trufant Foster, Director, Pollak Foundation for Economic Research. A particularly attractive feature of each meeting was the question period conducted under the leadership 54 P.D. 2. of Daniel Bloomfield, Manager, Retail Trade Board, Boston Chamber of Com- merce, which gave class members an opportunity to offer pertinent questions for discussion by the lecturer. The enrolment in the course was 191. Two programs of courses were offered by the Division in co-operation with the Boston Chapter of the National Institute of Credit and the Boston Credit Men's Association. The instruction, intended for men and women engaged in credit work, included general business courses as well as thorough training in credit principles and practices. One program of study led to a junior certificate and the other to a senior certificate granted by the National Institute of Credit. The courses required for a junior certificate were: Credits and Collections, Analysis of Financial Statements, Principles of Economics, and Business English. Those for a senior certificate were: Business Law, Merchandising, Public Speaking, and Advanced Credits and Collections. A co-operative program of this kind has the advantage of being planned with the advice of those who are in direct touch with the prospective students and know the type of training they need. Preparation for various civil service examinations embraces a group of courses that serves a decided need. Civil Service examinations are required not only for employment in public service, but also for licenses to practice certain trades, businesses, and professions. A large percentage of those who fail such examinations or receive low ratings do so not from lack of real ability but from lack of preparation, particularly of the type that would help them in giving on paper a fair account of their knowledge. During the year preparatory courses were given by the division in many centers of the State in anticipation of civil service examinations for city and state positions of motor vehicle inspector, ambulance driver, forestry foreman, social worker, and clerk, and for licenses of electricians, journeyman plumbers, and life insurance agents.

New and Revised Courses Each year brings a new list of courses offered for the first time. Some of these courses are in entirely new fields; others treat subject matter rather closely related to but not identical with that offered in previous courses. Among the new classes were: Adventures in civilization; American literature as the expression of American ideas; architectural sketching for amateurs; architecture for the small home; art in industry; cartooning; coal merchandising; commercial fashion drawing; commercial refrigeration; creative writing for the radio; discovery through writing; domestic heating with solid fuels; dramatics for recreation; elementary Russian; English for salesmanship; English history to 1763; ensemble playing; ethics; fine

arts and civilization ; frame making ; handicrafts for recreation ; highway and bridge estimating; household refrigeration; introduction to art of inventing; investigation of real estate titles; judging and selecting textbooks; leisure reading in the elementary grades; linoleum block printing; methods in art education; methods of teaching modern languages in secondary schools; motor boat and marine engines; nature study for recreation; new schools for old; old Sandwich glass; pottery; rural education; savings bank life insurance; school art crafts; scientific crime detection methods; seminar on thermodynamics in chemical engineering; solfeggio; standards in speech and style in literature; structural design; supervision of instruction in adult alien education; survey of physical science; tapestry weaving; today's problems in government; tree surgery and insect control; westward expansion of the United States. Courses in Commercial Art, Aircraft Engines, and Oil Burners were added to the correspondence offering and the course in Gasoline Automobiles was revised.

Visual Instruction Service From its library of visual materials, maintained as a service chiefly for educational institutions, the division furnished motion picture films and stereopticon slides for 743 showings in 97 cities and towns of the State during the past year. The number of showings exceeded by 254 those of the preceding year. The low rental rates of 16 millimeter films, particularly on contract bookings, has made possible a more widespread use of visual materials by school departments. This reduction in cost of visual materials is reflected in the amount of receipts collected by the division for this service. The receipts for the past year were $1,997.45, :

P.D. 2. 55 which is $267.89 under last year's receipts, despite the large increase in the number of showings. The following table gives the figures on the number of showings and the receipts from rentals for the past four years

iscal Year : :

56 P.D. 2. STATISTICS FINANCIAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Dec. 1, 1933, to Nov. 30, 1934 Expenditures

Balances Item and Appropriation Expenditure Balance Transfers

Administration Commissioner's salary .... Personal services Incidentals $1,257 67 Travel Division of Elementary and Secondary Education and State Teachers Col- leges:

School registers and blanks . Sight and hearing tests in public schools 37 05 School superintendents in small towns Education of deaf and blind pupils 1,410 90 High school tuition .... 3,223 23

Transportation of high school pupils . Aid to pupils in state teachers colleges

Teachers' institutes and conferences . Higher education, children of World War Veterans 103 16 General School Fund (Part I)

General School Fund (Part II) . State Teachers Colleges: Bridgewater: Maintenance 3,696 86 Boarding hall 1,398 39 Fitchburg: Maintenance 176 45 Boarding hall 18 Practical Arts Building Framingham: Maintenance Boarding hall Repairs to Crocker Hall Enlargement of kitchen, etc. Hyannis: Maintenance Boarding hall Lowell Maintenance North Adams: Maintenance Boarding hall Salem: Maintenance Westfield: Maintenance Boarding hall Worcester: Maintenance School of Art: Maintenance Division of University Extension: Personal services Expenses English Speaking Classes for Adults: Personal services .... Expenses Reimbursement of cities and towns Division of Vocational Education: Independent industrial schools

Teachers for vocational schools . Vocational rehabilitation Aid to certain persons .... Division of Immigration and American- ization: Personal ser\'ices Expenses Division of Public Libraries: Personal services Aid to public libraries .... Division of the Blind: General administration Maintenance of industries P.D. 2. :

58 P.D. 2. Sale of material at teacher-training summer school classes Reimbursement from vocational rehabilitation trainees Division of the Blind Maintenance of industries ..... Maintenance of local shops ..... Woolson House industries ..... Teachers' Retirement Board:

Witness fee . Massachusetts Nautical School: Students fees ...... Forfeited graduation fees ..... Refund on retirement deductions .... Expenses of schoolship (grant from Federal Government) State Textile Schools: Bradford Durfee, Fall River: Maintenance ...... Grant from City of Fall River .... Lowell Textile Institute: Maintenance ...... New Bedford: Maintenance Grant from City of New Bedford

Total P.D. 2. 59 60 P.D. 2.

II. Statistics of Superintendenct Unions, Year ending June 30, 1934

[Note.- -The number indicates the superintendency union in which the town is found in the table that follows.]

Index of Towns 51 Alford 51 Egremont 20 Mendon 34 Amherst 57 Enfield 58 Merrimac 59 Ashburnham 39 Erving 7 Middlefield 29 Ashby 72 Essex 65 Middleton 33 Ashfield 27 Fairhaven 12 Millbury 3 Ashland 63 Florida 48 MiUis 45 Auburn 62 Franklin 64 Millville 37 Avon 52 Freetown 63 Monroe 60 Ayer 24 Gay Head 8 Monson 5 Barre 25 Georgetown 40 Monterey 7 Becket 23 Gill 36 Montgomery 68 Bedford 33 Goshen 49 Mount Washington 57 Belchertown 24 Gosnold 43 New Ashford 20 Bellingham 11 Grafton 16 New Braintree 52 Berkley 22 Granby 58 Newbury 6 Berlin 55 Granville 49 New Marlborough 23 Bernardston 44 Greenwich 44 New Salem 66 Billerica 25 Groveland 48 Norfolk 64 Blackstone 35 Hadley 6 Northborough 36 Blandford 42 Halifax 10 North Brookfield 72 Bolton 46 Hamilton 23 Northfield 14 Bourne 17 Hampden 69 North Reading 60 Boxborough 43 Hancock 61 Norton 25 Boxford 18 Hanover 18 Norwell 73 Boylston 18 Hanson 24 Oak Bluffs 15 Brewster 5 Hardwick 32 Oakham 8 Brimfield 71 Harvard 21 Orleans 10 Brookfield 21 Harwich 40 Otis 13 Buckland 35 Hatfield 12 Oxford 66 Burlington 28 Hawley 32 Paxton 71 Carlisle 28 Heath 34 Pelham 47 Carver 41 Hinsdale 42 Pembroke 28 Charlemont 37 Holbrook 70 Pepperell 31 Charlton 32 Holden 41 Peru 21 Chatham 31 Holland 5 Petersham 43 Cheshire 26 Holliston 2 Phillipston 7 Chester 20 Hopedale 33 Plainfield 50 Chesterfield 3 Hopkinton 61 Plainville 24 Chilmark 2 Hubbardston 42 Plympton 63 Clarksburg 36 Huntington 44 Prescott 13 Colrain 42 Eangston 9 Princeton 54 Conway 47 Lakeville 19 Provincetown 33 Cummington 43 Lanesborough 37 Randolph 44 Dana 40 Lee 67 Raynham 54 Deerfield 39 Leverett 69 Reading 15 Dennis 68 Lexington 53 Rehoboth 52 Dighton 23 Leyden 51 Richmond 38 Douglas 71 Littleton 47 Rochester 30 Dover 29 Lunenburg 28 Rowe 56 Dudley 46 Lynnfield 25 Rowley 70 Dunstable 72 Manchester 2 Royalston 21 Eastham 1 Marshfield 36 Russell 4 Easthampton 14 Mashpee 32 Rutland 10 East Brookfield 27 Mattapoisett 58 SaUsbury 17 East Longmeadow 48 Medfield 55 Sandisfield 24 Edgartown 26 Medway 14 Sandwich P.D. 2. 61 Statistics of Superintendency Unions—Continued 63 Savoy 65 Tewksbury 73 West Boylston 1 Scituate 24 Tisbury 67 West Bridgewater 53 Seekonk 55 Tolland 16 West Brookfield 49 Sheffield 46 Topsfield 4 Westhampton 13 Shelburne 29 Townsend 9 Westminster 26 Sherborn 19 Truro 58 West Newbury 60 Shirley 70 Tyngsborough 51 West Stockbridge 39 Shutesbury 40 T3Tingham 24 West Tisbury 4 Southampton 11 Upton 48 Westwood 6 Southborough 38 Uxbridge 54 Whately 22 South Hadley 8 Wales 17 Wilbraham 55 Southwick 16 Warren 50 Williamsburg 9 Sterling 23 Warwick 65 Wilmington 71 Stow 41 Washington 59 Winchendon 31 Sturbridge 30 Wayland 41 Windsor 30 Sudbury 56 Webster 50 Worthington 54 Sunderland 19 Wellfleet 62 Wrentham

45 Sutton - 39 Wendell 15 Yarmouth 2 Templeton 46 Wenham

Number Each town's State Aid of prin- Number SHARE OF super- for 1933-34 State cipals of intendent's— on account triennial and full school of em- UNION valuation, time buUd- ployment April 20, teachers, ings, of school 1932 Jan. 1, Jan. 1, Full Traveling super- 1934 1933 salary expenses intendent

Marshfield . 1888 $7,775,307 12 Scituate 1888 13,767,515

Hubbardston 1889 875,244

Phillipston . 1889 376,753

Royalston . 1889 885,565

Templeton . 1889 3,503,242

Ashland 1889 3,101,563

Hopkinton . 1889 3,304,040

Easthampton 1889 9,928,629 Southampton 1889 907,615 Westhampton 1889 415,930

Barre . 1890 3,441,814

Hardwick . 1890 3,039,034

Petersham . 1890 1,664,272

Berlin . 1890 1,068,999 Northborough 1890 2,191,674 Southborough 1890 3,947,821

Becket 1890 903,658 Chester 1890 1,527,932 Middlefield 1890 327,250

Brimfield 1890 1,199,812 Monson 1890 3,735,224

Wales . 1893 390,317

Princeton . 1890 1,366,148 Sterling 1890 1,906,351 Westminster 1890 1,407,376

Brookfield . 1891 1,436,325 E. Brookfield 1921 1,154,685 N. Brookfield 1891 2,690,618

Grafton 1891 4,538,272 Upton 1891 1,459,672

Millbury 1891 6,436,651 Oxford 1891 3,376,618 62 P.D. 2. P.D. 2. 63 64 P.D. 2. P.D. 2. 65 66 P.D. 2. III. Towns of Less than 500 Families and State Aid for High School Education therein, School Year ending June 30, iPJ4—-Continued P.D. 2. 67 III. Towns of Less than 500 Families and State Aid for High School Education therein, School Year ending June 30, /Pi4—Concluded . :

68 P.D. 2. Transportation expenditures

Reimbursed in full . 1031

Reimbursed three-fourths . 4 Reimbursed one-half 2 Not reimbursed

Total 147

1 Twenty-three of these towns received reimbursement in full for both tuition and transportation expenditures.

List of State-aided High Schools Ashby, Ashfield, Bernardston, Bolton, Brimfield, Brookfield, Charlemont, Charlton, Chester, Cummington, East Brookfield, Essex, Huntington, Mendon, Millis, New Marlborough, New Salem, Northfield, Norwell, Plainville, Princeton, Rutland, Sheffield, Sterling, Stow, West Brookfield, Westminster, West Newbury, Williamsburg—29

IV. Certification of Teachers for State-aided High Schools Teachers in State-aided high schools (of which there were 29 in the year 1933-34) are required by section 12, chapter 71 of the General Laws, to hold certificates issued by the Department of Education. Teachers in other high schools and teachers in elementary schools are not required to hold State certificates. Appli- cants are usually issued certificates on credentials without examination. Two classes of certificates are now granted, namely, term and special. A general certificate was granted prior to July 1, 1912. The requirements for these certificates are stated in a circular of information which may be obtained from the Department of Education. The total number of high school teachers' certificates granted up to December 1, 1934, was as follows: General, 587; Prehminary, 1,183; Special, 933; Term, 1,727; Life, 6. Total 4,436.

V. County Training Schools

The following table gives a list of the county training schools in the State for the commitment of habitual truants, absentees, and school offenders: County Training School Location Superintendent Essex .... Lawrence .... James R. Tetler Hampden . . . Springfield .... Chris Berninger Middlesexi . . . North Chelmsford . . .J. Earl Wotton Worcester . . . Oakdale .... Alton W. Pierce The counties of Barnstable, Berkshire, Bristol^, Dukes, Franklin, Hampshire, Nantucket, Norfolk2, and Plymouth^ are exempted by law from maintaining training schools of their own, but the county commissioners of each of these counties are required to assign an established training school as a place of commitment for habitual truants, absentees, and school offenders. The places designated by several commissioners are as follows: Berkshire County, Springfield; Dukes, Franklin, and Hampshire Counties, North Chelmsford.

Nwnber of Pupils Attending, Admitted, and Discharged; also Teachers Employed

County Training School P.D. 2. 69 VI. Statistics of Schools in State Institutions for the Year ending Nov. 30, 1934 —

70 P.D. 2. STATE-AIDED VOCATIONAL EDUCATION Table No. 1. Roster of State-aided vocational and part-time schools School Year ending August 31, 1934 ONE HUNDEED SIXTY-SEVEN (aLL) SCHOOLS IN OPERATION DURING THE YEAR (or now) IN 75 CITIES AND TOWNS LISTED CHRONOLOGICALLY BY TYPES OF SCHOOLS, WITH DATES OF ESTABLISHMENT AND NAMES OF DIRECTORS

Group I. Forty day industrial schools (boys) Smith's Agricultural (Northampton), Oct., 1908; Herbert N. Loomis. New Bedford Vocational, Nov., 1909; William R. Mackintosh. Newton Trade, Feb., 1909; James Forbes. Worcester Boys' Trade, Feb., 1910; Walter B. Dennen. Somerville Vocational School for Boys, Sept., 1910; Harry L. Jones. Lowell Vocational, Sept., 1911; Thomas F. Fisher. Springfield Trade, Sept., 1911; George A. Burridge. Westfield Trade, Sept., 1911; Chester C. Derby. Boston Trade, Feb., 1912; Edward M. McDonough. Quincy Trade, Sept., 1912; Albert H. Cochrane. Holyoke Vocational, Sept., 1914; Matthew S. Herbert. Dhnan Industrial (Fall River), May, 1916; Frederick H. Rundall. Independent Industrial Shoemaking School of the City of Lynn, Aug., 1918; Michael J. Tracey. Chicopee Trade, Sept., 1921; John J. SulUvan. Weymouth Vocational, Feb., 1924; Francis E. Whipple, Jr. Vineyard Haven Carpentry School (Tisbury), Sept., 1925; Henry A. Ritter. Beverly Trade, Nov., 1926; Edgar A. Winters. Haverhill Trade, Nov., 1926; Chester P. Spofford. Everett Trade, Sept., 1927; James T. Gearon. Waltham Trade, Sept., 1928; Harold L. Pride. Brighton Industrial, Feb., 1929; Percy A. Brigham. Charlestown Industrial, Feb., 1929; Maurice J. Moriarty. Dorchester Industrial, Feb., 1929; Arlon 0. Bacon. East Boston Industrial, Feb., 1929; Walter H. Naylor. Hyde Park Industrial, Feb., 1929; Martin L. Olson. South Boston Industrial, Jan., 1929; Thomas A. Roche. Memorial High (Roxbury) Industrial, Sept., 1929; Patrick J. Smith. Medford Vocational, Nov., 1930; Melvin V. Weldon. Cole Trade, Day (Southbridge), Mar., 1932; Clark H. Morrell. Brockton Vocational (General), Mar., 1934; Kenrick M. Baker. North Adams Vocational (General), Mar., 1934; Justin W. Barrett. Northbridge Vocational (General), Mar., 1934; James S. Mullaney. Webster Vocational (General), Mar., 1934; Stephen L. Sadler. Pittsfield Vocational (General), April, 1934; John F. Moran. Attleboro Vocational (General), Sept., 1934; Milton C. Dutton. Lawrence Vocational (General), Sept., 1934; Francis X. Hogan. Leominster Vocational (General), Sept., 1934; Rodney F. Poland. Lynn Vocational (General), Sept., 1934; Ralph W. Babb. Salem Vocational (General), Sept., 1934; Agnes V. Cragen. Taunton Vocational (General), Sept., 1934; Frank L. Caton.

Group II. Three day industrial schools (girls) Trade School for Girls, (Boston), Sept., 1909; Esther L. McNelHs. David Hale Fanning Trade School for Girls (Worcester), Sept., 1911; Grace A. Gilkey. Springfield Trade School for Girls, Jan., 1934; George A. Burridge.

Group III. Twelve evening industrial schools (men) Cambridge Evening Industrial, Sept., 1907; Martin F. O'Connor. New Bedford Evening Vocational, Nov., 1907; William R. Mackintosh. Lawrence, Mar., 1908; Francis X. Hogan. Boston Trade School, Evening Classes, Oct., 1908; Richard V. Barry. P.D. 2. 71 Chicopee Evening Trade, Oct., 1908; John H. Sullivan. Newton Evening Vocational, Feb., 1909; James Forbes. Worcester Boys' Evening Trade, Feb., 1910; Walter B. Dennen. Everett, Oct., 1911; Henry A. Bonin. Springfield Evening Trade, Feb., 1916; George A. Burridge. Beverly, Nov., 1916; Edgar A. Winters. Lynn Evening Industrial Shoemaking, Jan., 1927; Michael J. Tracey. Medford Evening Vocational, Nov., 1930; Melvin V. Weldon.

Group IV. Evening industrial schools (women) Not conducted 1933-1934.

Group V. Twenty-eight day homemaking schools New Bedford Household Arts, Nov., 1907; William R. Mackintosh. Smith's Household Arts (Northampton), Oct., 1908; Herbert N. Loomis. Lowell Vocational, Sept., 1911; Thomas F. Fisher. Essex County School of Homemaking (Hathorne), Sept., 1914; Fred A. Smith, Fall River Household Arts, Nov., 1919; Hector L. Belisle. Boston Household Arts, Feb., 1920; Mabel E. Bowker. Somerville Household Arts, Nov., 1920; Mary H. Brown. Everett Household Arts, Mar., 1921; Frederick A. Ashley.

Scituate Household Arts, Sept., 1921 ; Harold C. Wingate. Hadley Household Arts, Apr., 1922; James P. Reed. Pittsfield Household Arts, Sept., 1922; Helen S. Gerrett. Weymouth Household Arts, Feb., 1924; Frederick W. Hilton. Westport Household Arts, Mar., 1924; Norman L. Gifford. Haverhill Household Arts, Sept., 1924; Albert L. Barbour. Falmouth Household Arts, Apr., 1925; Blynn E. Davis. Belchertown Household Arts, Mar., 1925; Herman C. Knight. Amesbury Household Arts, Sept., 1925; Fred C. English. Shelburne Household Arts, Sept., 1928; George A. J. Froberger. Bourne Household Arts, Sept., 1928; James F. Peebles. Holyoke Household Arts, Sept., 1928; Howard Conant. Deerfield Household Arts, Sept., 1930; Marvin E. Janes. Worcester Household Arts, Jan., 1931; Grace A. Gilkey. Provincetown Household Arts, Nov., 1931; Charles A. Mitchell. Southbridge Household Arts, Sept., 1932; Channing H. Greene. Townsend Household Arts, Oct., 1932; Hamilton R. Bailey. Barnstable Household Arts, Sept., 1933; Ralph R. Barr. Webster Household Arts, Nov., 1933; Cyril C. Smith. Attleboro Household Arts, Sept., 1934; Lewis A. Fales.

Group VI. Txoenty-tioo evening practical art schools New Bedford, Nov., 1907; William R. Mackintosh. Lawrence, Mar., 1908; Francis X. Hogan. Newton, Feb., 1909; James Forbes. Worcester (Independent Board), Sept., 1911; Grace A. Gilkey. Lowell, Sept., 1911; Thomas F. Fisher. Everett, Oct., 1911; Henry A. Bonin. Holyoke, Oct., 1911; William R. Peck. Somerville, Oct., 1911; Mary H. Brown. Boston, Oct., 1912; Joseph F. Gould. Methuen, Oct., 1912; Lewis H. Conant. Leominster, Feb., 1916; William H. Perry. Essex County (Hathorne), July, 1918; Fred A. Smith Beverly, Sept., 1919; Gertrude F. A. Lyons. Brookhne, Jan., 1920; Pansy E. Gerhardt. Lynn, Feb., 1920; Ervin W. Engler. Chicopee, Nov., 1921; John J. Desmond, Jr. Medford, Oct., 1922; Katherine A. Baker. Brockton, Nov., 1926; Kenrick M. Baker. :

72 P.O. 2. Somerset, Sept., 1928; H. Freeman Bates. Rockport, Apr., 1929; William E. Cottle. Townsend, Nov., 1932; Hamilton R. Bailey. Dighton, Nov., 1934; Norman D. Bailey.

Group VII. Forty-three part-time {co-operative and compulsory continuation) schools Co-operative schools: Beverly Co-operative Trade, Aug., 1909; Edgar A. Winters. Boston Charlestown, Sept., 1919; Maurice J. Moriarty. Hyde Park, Sept., 1919; Martin L. Olson. Dorchester, Sept., 1920; Arlon 0. Bacon. Brighton, Sept., 1922; Percy Brigham. East Boston, June, 1925; Walter H. Naylor. South Boston, Jan., 1929; Thomas A. Roche. Memorial High (Roxbury), Sept., 1929; Patrick J. Smith, Quincy, April, 1930; Albert H. Cochrane. Cole Trade, Southbridge, Sept., 1919; Clark H. Morrell. Compulsory continuation schools: Boston, Sept., 1914; Paul V. Donovan. Attleboro, Sept., 1920; Milton P. Dutton. Beverly, Sept., 1920; Alice P. Williams. Brockton, Sept., 1920; Kenrick M. Baker. Cambridge, Sept., 1920; James Dugan. Chelsea, Sept., 1920; Robert W. O'Brien. Chicopee, Sept., 1920; John H. SuUivan. Everett, Sept., 1920; James T. Gearon. FaU River, Sept., 1920; Charles E. Reed. Fitchburg, Sept., 1920; Watson Otis. Haverhill, Sept., 1920; William W. Dunbar. Lawrence, Sept., 1920; Francis X. Hogan. Leominster, Sept., 1920; Rodney F. Poland. Lowell, Sept., 1920; Thomas A. Ginty. Lynn, Sept., 1920; Ralph W. Babb. New Bedford, Sept., 1920; Edward T. N. Sadler. North Adams, Sept., 1920; Justin W. Barrett. Northbridge, Sept., 1920; James S. Mullaney. Pittsfield, Sept., 1920; John F. Moran. Quincy, Sept., 1920; Dana B. Clark. Salem, Sept., 1920; Agnes V. Cragen. SomerviUe, Sept., 1920; Everett W. Ireland, - Southbridge, Sept., 1920; Clark H. Morrell. Sprmgfield, Sept., 1920; George A. Burridge. Taunton, Sept., 1920; Frank L. Caton. Waltham, Sept., 1920; WiUiam H. Slayton. Watertown, Sept., 1920; Franklin P. Keatmg. Webster, Sept., 1920; Stephen L. Sadler. Worcester, Sept., 1920; Thomas F. Power. Gloucester, Sept., 1921; Ernest W. FeUows. Milford, Sept., 1921; Ahnorin 0. Caswell. Andover, Sept., 1923; Carl M. Gahan. Newton Voluntary Continuation School for Girls, Sept., 1927; Jessica F. Meserve.

Group VIIc. Apprenticeship schools (classes) South Boston, Nov., 1932; Thomas A. Roche.

Group Vlld. Vocational art schools (classes) Massachusetts School of Art, Nov., 1927; Frank L. Allen. P.D. 2. 73 Group VIII. Four agricultural schools Smith's (Northampton), Oct., 1908; Herbert N. Loomis. Bristol County, Sept., 1913; George H. Gilbert. Essex County, Oct., 1913; Fred A. Smith. Norfolk County, Oct., 1916; Charles W. Kemp. Weymouth Branch, Oct., 1916; Hilmer S. Nelson, Instructor.

Group IX. Fourteen vocational agricultural departments with names of instructors {dayY Hadley, Jan., 1912; Paul W. Brown. Ashfield, Aug., 1913; Lewis H. Black. Reading, May, 1915; Herman T. Wheeler. Worcester, May, 1917; John E. Gifford. Boston (Jamaica Plain), Nov., 1918; Thomas P. Dooley. New Salem, Sept., 1919; R. Arthur Lundgren. Shelburne, March, 1920; John G. Glavin. West Springfield, Apr., 1920; Herbert F. Bartlett. Falmouth, Sept., 1920; Lewis B. Robinson. Hatfield, Aug., 1921; Edward J. Burke. Westport, Aug., 1925; Karl H. Erickson. Agawam, Aug., 1929; Louis H. Moseley. Dartmouth, Sept., 1929; Charles F. Oliver. Westfield, Oct., 1931; J. LoweU WiUiams,

Group X. One vocational agricultural department ivith name of instructor {eveningY Essex County, Dec, 1926; J. Stanley Bennett.

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80 P.D. 2. Table No. 5. Earnings of vocational agricultural pupils from projects and other supervised work during the periods covered by their school attendance

A. School year ending August 31, 1934 —

P.D. 2. 81 Table No. 6. Vital statistics by types of schools and departments School year ending August 31, 1934 Group I. Day industrial schools (boys) —

82 P.D. 2. Table No. 6. Vital statistics by types of schools and departments- -Continued Group III. Evening industrial schools (men) —

P.D. 2. 83 Table No. 6. Vital statistics by types of schools and departments- -Continued

Group VI. Evening practical art schools (classes)

1 —

84 P.D. 2. Table No. 6. Vital statistics by types of schools and departments—Continued

1 P.D. 2. 85 //. Cases

Current Totals to month date

Prospects Total prospects 87 8,159 Type of handicap: Industrial 37 4,616 Otherwise 50 3,543

Registrations Total registrations 41 3.434 Source of reference:

Industrial Accident Board . 5 548

Other public departments . 16 1,135 Hospitals .... 3 397 Social agencies . 247

Insurance companies . 1 133 U. S. Compensation Commission 1 31 Self applications 15 893 Employers 50

III. Actions taken in Registrations P.D. 2. VI. Summary —

P.D. 2. 87 Table No. 7. Use of Federal Funds—Continued George-Reed (Vocational) A-2. Distribution to cities and towns {Federal fiscal year ending June 30, 19S4)

Salaries of teachers, Salaries of teachers, supervisors, and supervisors, and Name of City, Town, or Countt in which Schools directors of directors of ARE Located to which Payment la to be Made agricultural home economics subjects subjects

Agawam . $34 28 Amesbury $50 07 Ashfield 31 64 BelchertowB 44 Beverly Boston 162 15 Bourne Bristol County 392 86

Brockton . Brookline

Chicopee . Dartmouth

Deerfield . Essex County 793 62 Everett Fall River Falmouth 35 60 Hadley 35 60

Hanover . 29 00

Hatfield . 38 23

Haverhill .

Holyoke .

Lawrence . Leominster Lowell Lynn

Medford .

Methuen . New Bedford New Salem 38 23 Newton Norfolk County 586 66 Northampton 54 05

Pittsfield . Provincetown

Reading . 36 91

Rockport .

Scituate . Shelburne 75 14

Somerset . Somerville Southbridge West Springfield 27 69

Westport . 29 00 Weymouth Worcester

$2,565 45 Grand total: $6,493.12 88 P.D. 2. Table No. 7.— Use of Federal Funds—Concluded Fess-Kenton (Rehabilitation), Federal Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1934 —

P.D. 2. 89 Table No. 8. Statistics of teacher-training—Continued Group II. Trade and industry (men)

1 Boston I

Boston II . —

90 P.D. 2. Table No. 8. Statistics of teacher-training—Continued Group III, Day household arts and industrial (women) i

1 Fitchburg I P.D. 2. 91 Table No. 8 — Statistics of teacher-training—Continued Group V. Continuation {women)

1 Fitchburg I 92 P.D. 2.

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P.D.2. 93 Table No. 9. Number of different minors 14 to 16 years of age, who, within the calendar year, Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1934, were employed while schools were in session, as per returns Group I. Cities (Cities in bold-faced type are those conducting continuation schools) —

94 P.D. 2. Table No. 9. Number of different minors 14 to 16 years of age, etc.—Con. Group II. Towns of 5,000 population or over—Concluded

50 51 52 53 54 —

P.D. 2. 95 Table No. 9. Number of different minors 14 to 16 years oj age, etc.—Con, Group III. Towns of less than 5,000 population and maintaining high schools

TOWNS—Con. 96 p.D. 2.

Table No. 9.—Number of different minors 14 to 16 years of age, etc.—Con. —

P.D. 2. 97 Table No. 9. Number of different minors 14 to 16 years of age, etc. —Con. Group IV. Toum.s of less than 5,000 population and not maintaining high schools—Continued

TOWNS—Con. 256 Cheshire 257 Freetown 258 Nahant .... 259 Marion .... 260 Lynnfield —

P.D. 2. Table No. 9. Number of different minors 14 to 16 years of age, etc. —Con. Group IV. Towns of less than 6,000 population and not maintaining high schools—Coucluded

TOWNS—Con. 326 Phillipston 357

.327 Wendell . 353

328 Heath . 331 329 Monterey 321

330 Hawley . 313

331 Boxborough 312

332 Florida . 307 333 Savoy 307 334 Plainfield 306 335 Rowe 298

336 West Tisbury 270

337 Leyden . 261 338 Chilmark 252

339 Goshen . 248 340 Tyringham 246

341 Greenwich 238 342 Shutesbury 222 343 Washington 222

344 Monroe . 218

345 Alford . 200

346 Middlefield 197 347 Gay Head 161 348 Montgomery 141

349 Holland . 137

350 ToUand . 134

351 Gosnold . 120 352 Peru 108 353 New Ashford 75 354 Mount Washington 60

355 Prescott . 48

Totals—Group IV 137,311 4,941 3,985 193 152 170 322

15,977 2,149 5,694 7,843 State Totals . 4,249,614 152,730 126,872

UNIVERSITY EXTENSION

I. Suminanj of total enrolment of students throughout the Commonwealth according to type of instruction,—correspondence and class (Period covered, Jan. 19, 1916, when first student enrolled, to Nov. 30, 1934) Total correspondence enrolment 73,503 Total class enrolment 457,765

Total 531,268

11, Cities and toions in which extension classes were held from Dec. 1, 1933, to Nov. 30, 1934, subjects taught and number of students enrolled Amherst: Ethics; historj^ of education; introductory psychology; mental hygiene; principles and methods of teaching; psychology of guidance. Total enrolment, 124. Barnstable: Economic geography; design and color; modern novelists; old Sandwich glass; short story and modern drama. Total enrolment, 95. Boston: Advanced English literature; advanced French; advanced harmony; advanced secretarial English; advanced solfeggio; adventures in civiUzation; appreciation of music apprecia- American history to 1865; applied psychology; ;_ tion of opera; appreciation of sjonphonies; art appreciation; art of enjoying music; Itahan; beginners Latin business art- arts of the past and modernism; beginners ;_ English; business law; certified pubHc accounting; child development in pubHc schools;' choral singing; classroom problems and procedures; college algebra; commercial' fashion drawing; conversational French, advanced, elementary, and intermediate; current affairs; current events; demonstration blackboard drawing; development of personahty through speech; diesel engines; drama and opera production; drama, opera, and pageant production; dramatics for recreation; drama of today and yesterday; dramatic workshop; elementary French; elementary harmony; elementary solfeggio; ensemble playing; Esperanto; frame making; ;

P.D. 2. 99 French diction; French lectures; fundamentals of advertising; good taste in dress; history in the making; home landscaping; interior home decoration; intermediate French; investments for women; investigation of real estate titles; latter day poets; law for women; life insurance fundamentals; linoleum block printing; literature—backgrounds of ideas; methods of teaching arithmetic; methods of teaching oral English; methods of teaching music to primary school children; modern English and American literature; modern literature and recent writings;

modern home fashions and accessories ; modern trends in mental hygiene ; narration and discussion of themes in music; new schools for old; new theatre; newspaper writing course for women; organic chemistry; paintings and painters; parliamentary procedure; personal money management; philosophy made simple; piano playing; play production pottery practical advertisement writing practical French practi- ; ; ; ; cal general chemistry; practical psychology in everydaj' life pre] aring news material ; for publication; preparation for electricians examination; preparation for social workers examination; pre-school music; problems and procedures in adult alien education; problems in philosophy; psychology applied to business, personal, and social problems; psychology of self-development; psychology of social adjustment; public school music methods; public speaking; real estate law; recent books; recreational French; salesmanship; savings bank life insurance; school art crafts; science in a changing world; singing for recreation; sketching and painting for recreation; significant trends in contemporary psycholog>^; social problems; social ps5'chology; speech training; story telling; supervision of instruction in adult alien education; tapestry weaving; theory and practice of public speaking; travelers French; travelers Italian; use of the singing voice; visual aids in teaching; vocabulary building; voice culture; voice training for singing; what every woman operator should know about an automobile. Courses broadcast by radio: Art in America; piano playing. Total enrolment, 10,452. Bridgewater: General principles of mental hygiene. Total enrolment, 4. Brockton: Business law; child development in the public schools; oil burners. Total enrolment, 88. Cambridge: Activities in the primary grades; adjustments of normal youth; advanced algebra; advanced fiction technique; advanced German; advanced Gregg shorthand; advanced income tax problems; advanced radio theory; advanced Swedish; advanced welding engineering and design; air conditioning; alternating current machinery; American history since 1865; anal5^tic geometry; analj^sis of financial statements; art in industry; art of the middle ages; art of salesmanship; architectural sketching for amateurs; aspects of the novel; astronomy; automobile repairing; auditing; aviation; blueprint reading; bookkeeping; business and professional speaking; business law; cartooning; certified public accounting; Celtic literature; children's literature; coal merchandising; college algebra; commercial art; commercial correspondence; commercial fashion drawing; commercial radio operating; commercial refrigeration; correction of speech disorders; correct use of

English ; credits and collections ; development of personality through speech ; diesel engines; dietetics; domestic heating Avith solid fuels; early American decorative arts; editing manuscript copy; elementary accounting; elementary German; elementary Gregg shorthand; elementary Russian; elementary Spanish; elementary surveying; elementary Swedish; estimating building costs, advanced; estimating for building trades; etching; everyday laws we all should know; fingerprinting; fitness for success; foreman training; general principles of mental h^'giene; greatest French novels; heating and ventilating; highwaj^ and bridge estimating; household refrigeration; income tax procedure; industrial appHcations of vacuum tubes; industrial chemistry; industrial electricity^; interior home decoration; international affairs; interpretation of accounts; introduction to art of inventing; investments; Irish poetry; Italian; journalism; judging and selecting textbooks; junior and senior high school education; juvenile story writing; leisure reading in the ele-

mentary grades ; life saving methods ; Lowell Institute preparatory course ; mechanical drawing and machine drafting; methods of teaching mentally retarded children;

methods of estimating and unit costs ; modern architecture ; modern building con-

struction and maintenance; motor boat and marine engines ; motor vehicle examiners

course ; nature and science as a recreation ; nature and science as a whole ; navigation office management; oil burners; parliamentary procedure; penal institution adminis- 100 P.D. 2. tration and routine; phj'sics; poetry and verse writing; practical air conditioning; practical and technical photography practical calculus practical combustion practi- ; ; ; cal thermodynamics preparation for ambulance drivers examination preparation for ; ; electricians examination; preparation for forestry foreman examination; preparation for journej^man plumbers examination; principles of accounting; principles of economics; principles of human geography; principles of sociology; problems of fiction writing; psychology for executives; psj^chology of personality; psychology of self development; psychology of success; public speaking; radio repairs; reading in the primary grades; reading for recreation; real estate law; real estate practice; recent economic, social, and political changes in Europe; refrigeration; reinforced concrete construction; Russian drama; salesmanship; scientific crime detection methods; selected pages of modern French Hterature; selected topics in economics by discussion method; seminar on thermodynamics in chemical engineering; short story writing; speed stenography; standards in speech and style in literature; starting, lighting, and ignition for repair m.en; steam turbines; structural design; structures and rigging; television; textile analysis and microscopy; time study methods; traffic m.anagement; trigonometry; tree surgery and insect control; vacuum tubes for radio receiving sets; voice culture; welding engineering; what every woman operator should know about an automobile. Total enrolment, 11,990. Chelsea: Adjustments of normal youth. Total enrolment, 41. Fall River: International affairs; methods of teaching modern languages in secondarj' schools ; oil burners parallels and contrasts in literature preparation for ; ; electricians examination; vocabulary building. Total enrolment, 233. Fitchburg: Advanced course in teaching arithmetic; advanced English expression; advanced English literature; advanced regional study of the western hemisphere; advanced study of language arts in the elementary grades; advanced study in reading activities in the elementary grades; American history since the Civil War; analytic geometry; art of play production; biology; educational measure-

history of civihzation ; industrial chemistry ; international affairs ; latter day ments ; poets; principles and problems in sociologj^; principles of economics; psychologj^ of adolescence ; regional stud}^ of the eastern hemisphere ; survey of physical science. Total enrolment, 502. Gloucester: Character education; economic and social backgrounds. Total enrolment, 95. Great Harrington: Health of the school child. Total enrolment, 16. Greenfield: Junior and senior high school education; public speaking. Total enrolment, 47.

Haverhill : Foreman training. Total enrolment, 64. Lawrence: Business law; elementar^^ accounting; Europe in 1934; oil burners; tests and measurements; vocabularj'^ building. Total enrolment, 208. Lowell: Business law; child development in the pubUc schools; discovery through writing; elementary accounting; Europe in 1934; motor vehicle examiners course; oil burners; principles of accounting; singing for recreation; vocabulary building. Total enrolment, 352. Lynn: Business law; psycholog^^ of self-development; school art crafts; singing for recreation. Total enrolment, 219. Maiden: Methods in art education. Total enrolment, 19. Melrose: Contemporary literature. Total enrolment, 37. New Bedford: Child development in the public schools, civil service English;

personality ; household refrigeration ; oil burners parallels and contrasts in cultural ; literature; psychology of social adjustment; public speaking; vocabulary building. Total enrolment, 319. North Adams: American literature as the expression of American ideas; appreciation of music; educational measurements ; international relations; rural education- survey of modern literature. Total enrolment, 106. North Andover: Classroom methods. Total enrolment, 15. Peabody: Business law. Total enrolment, 11. Pittsfield: Contemporary literature; creative writing; poetry and drama. Total enrolment, 54. Ouincy: Personal and social aspects of mental hygiene; welding engineering. Total enrolment, 113. P.D. 2. 101 Salem: Art; business law; child development in the public schools; modern history. Total enrolment, 122. Sharon: Today's problems in government. Total enrolment, 22. Shelburne Falls: Trends in psycholog5\ Total enrolment, 59. Somerville: American poetry. Total enrohuent, 56. Springfield: American history; architecture for the small home; astronomy; biolog}^; business correspondence; choral singing; commercial art; contemporary literature; conversational French; creative writing for the radio; economic and social reconstruction; elementary accounting; elementary Gregg shorthand; elementary Swedish; foods and nutrition; handicrafts for recreation; history of civihzation; interior home decoration; nature study for recreation; office management and secretarial problems; physical education; piano playing; practical photography; preparation for electricians examination; present day techniques in the classroom; principles of economics; problems and procedures in adult alien education; psychology of common sense; psychology of self-release; public speaking; singing for recreation; speed stenography; tests and measurements; vocabulary building. Total enrolment, 939. Waltham: Enghsh for salesmanship; salesmanship. Total enrohnent, 49. Worcester: Advanced English expression; advanced English literature; air conditioning; business law; creative writing; diesel engines; economics; elementary accounting; English history to 1763; fine arts and civilization; fingerprinting; history of art; household refrigeration; nature and science as a recreation; music theory and methods; oil burners; problems and procedures in adult alien education; psychology of adolescence; piano playing; tests and measurements; tree surgery and insect control; western expansion of the United States. Total enrolment, 444. Totals: 31 cities and towns; 565 classes; total enrolment, 26,895.

III. Number of students who have re-enrolled in correspondence courses since the establishment of the Division

Total (men and women), 22,169

IV. Summary of Adult Alien education since its establishment under the provisions of chapter 39, sections 9 and 10, General Laws

1. Enrolment of adult immigrants in English and citizenship classes for school years ending August 31:

1918-19 1 . 25,123 25,101 24,846 23,460 23,698 21,170 12,345 10,589 : :

102 P.D. 2.

Full-time directors and supervisors ...... 19 Part-time directors and supervisors ...... 44

Total . 63

4. Amount of reimbursement distributed by the State for the school year ending Aug. 31, 1934 ...... $54,455 90

V. Expenditures, July 1, 1933, to June 30, 1934 Salaries Administration Director ...... $5,750 00 Clerks, stenographers, etc. ... Instruction

Supervisors . . . . . Full-time instructors ...... Full-time clerks, stenographers, etc...... Part-time instructors ...... Part-time clerical and stenographic service .... General Expenses Books, periodicals, and clippings

Express . Films and accessories Furniture

Material for courses . Postage

Printing . Rent Stationery and office supplies

Sundries . Telephone and telegraph Textbooks Travel ... Typewriters, other machines and accessories

Total ...... Receipts deposited with treasurer INDEX

A Adult alien education. See Americanization. Adult, blind, appropriation and expenditures for 56, 57 Agricultural education. See Vocational Education, State-aided. Ameiicanization: Adult alien education 55 Statistics of, summary of 101 Division of Immigration and, activities of 19-21 Financial statement 56 Art in industry and business 39 Art Supervisors and Teachers, Eleventh Annual Conference of, held at the Massachusetts School of Art, Boston 17

B Blind and deaf children, education of (table) 18 Financial statement 56-58 Blind, Division of the: Activities of 21-24 Financial statements 24, 56-58 Board of Education: Former members of, list of 4 Former secretaries of, list of 5 Bradford Durfee Textile School, The (Fall River): Activities of 29,30 Financial statement 57 c Certification of superintendents of schools, number of certificates issued 18 Of teachers for State-aided high schools 68 Commissioner of Education, report of 6-55 Blind, Division of the 21-24

Elementary and Secondary Education and State Teachers Colleges, Division of . . 8-19 Immigration and Ameiicanization, Division of 19-21 Legislative proposals, 1935 6, 7 Massachusetts Nautical School 29 Public Libraries, Division of 25-27 Teachers Retirement Board 27-29 Textile schools 29-31 University Extension, Division of 52-55 Vocational Education, State-aided, Division of 31-51 Conferences and institutes 15-17 Continuation schools. See Vocational Education, State-aided. Correspondence courses. See University Extension, Division of. County training schools, location, supeiinlendents; also statistics 68 D Deaf and blind children, education of (table) 18 Financial statement 56-58 Depaitment of Education: Advisory Board of, members of 1 Board of Education: Commissioners of, list of 5 Former members of, list of 4 Former secretaries of, list of 5 Divisions and schools of, with names of members of staff 1-4 Financial statement, Dec. 1, 1933, to Nov. 30, 1934 66-58

Elementary and Secondary Education and State Teachers Colleges, Division of . . . . 8-19 Blind and deaf children, education of (table) 18 Financial statement 56-58 Certification of superintendents of schools, number of certificates issued .... 18 Children of World War Veterans, Scholarships awarded to 18, 19 Financial statement 56 Conferences and institutes 15-17 Deaf and blind children, education of (table) 18 Financial statement 56-58 Teachers Registration Bureau, activities of 17, 18 Elementary School Principals and Supervisors, Sixth State Conference of, held at Massachu- setts State College 15 Employment of minors, 14-16 yeais of age, statistics on 93-98 English-speaking classes for adults, financial statement 56 Extension courses. See University Extension, Division of 104 P.D. 2. F

Financial statement, Department of Education, December 1, 1933, to November 30, 1934 56-58 Firemen, zone schools for training 37 Funds: Albert H. Munsell Massachusetts School of Art Fund, financial statement .... 58 Bridgewater State Teachers College Playground Fund, financial statement .... 58 Elizabeth Case Stevens Fund, financial statment 58 Elizabeth P. Sohier Library Fund, financial statement 58 Frank S. Stevens Fund, financial statement 58 General School Fund, financial statement 56 General School Fund Distribution: On November 20, 1934 (Part I) 69 On March 10, 1934 (Part II) 69 George-EUzey Fund, Vocational Education, United States Grant, financial statement 58 George-Reed Fund, Vocational Education, United States Grant, financial statement, 58 Gustavus A. Hinckley Free Scholarship Trust Fund, financial statement .... 58 Jean Le Brun Fund, financial statement 58 Marguerite Guilfoyle Massachusetts School of Art Fund, financial statement 58 Maiion Louise Miller Fund, financial statement 58 Mary A. Case Fund, financial statement 58 Massachusetts School Fund, income of, distribution of. See General School Fund, Part II, above. Mercy A. Bailey, Massachusetts School of Art Fund, financial statement .... 58 Rebecca R. Joslm Scholarship Trust Fund, financial statement 58 Robert Charles Billings Framingham State Teachers College Fund, financial statement 58

Robert Charles Billings Massachusetts School of Art Fund, financial statement . 58 State Teachers College Bridge water Trust Fund, financial statement 58 Todd State Teachers College Fund, financial statement 58 Vocational Education Trust Fund—United States Grant (Smith-Hughes), financial statement 58 Vocational Rehabilitation Trust Fund, financial statement 58 Vocational Rehabilitation Trust Fund—United States Grant (Fess-Kenyon), financial statement 58

General School Fund. See Funds H Higher education of children of deceased World War veterans, financial statement High schools: Certification of teachers for State-aided Curriculum revision in ... . Professional Study Groups Pupil-Teacher Ratio in State aid for education in State grant, list of towns receiving, in 1934

Table showing number of years in course, number of pupils, etc. . Transportation reimbursement for 1933-34 (table) Financial statement Tuition reimbursement for 1933-34 (table)

Financial statement .

I Immigration and Americanization, Division of: Activities of Financial statement Industrial Schools, State, number of pupils, teachers, etc., in (table)

Junior and Senior High Schools, Thirteenth Annual Conference of Principals of, held at Framing- ham State Teachers College L Lancaster, State Industrial School for Girls at, number of pupils, teachers, etc. (table) Legislative proposals, 1935 Libraries, Public, Division of. See Public Libraries, Division of. Lowell Textile Institute: Activities of Financial statement Lyman School for Boys at Westborough, number of pupils, teachers, etc. (table)

M , Massachusetts Nautical School: Activities of Financial statement Massachusetts School Fund. See Funds

Massachusetts School of Art, courses offered at .

Mentally retarded, teachers of, conferences for . . Minors, employment of, 14 to 16 years of age, statistics on Music Supervisors, Tenth Annual Conference of :

P.D. 2. 105 N Nautical School, Masaachusetta. See Massachusetts Nautical School New Bedford Textile School: Activitieg of ...... 31 Financial statement 57.58 Normal Schools, State. See State Teachers Colleges

Physical education 14, 15 Eighth Annual Conference of Directors and Teachers of 15, 16 Public Libraries, Division of: Activities of 25-27 Financial statement 56

s Safety education School Funds. See Funds Secondary education. See High Schools Shirley, Industrial School for Boys at, number of pupils, teachers, etc. (table) .... 69 Special Class Teachers, conferences for 17 State Aid: General School Fund. See Funds High Schools. See High Schools, State aid for education in Massachusetts School Fund. See Funds State Teachers College.'?, pupils in, financial statement 56,57 Superintendency unions (table) 60-65 Vocational education. See Vocational Education, State-aided World War veterans, higher education of children of deceased, financial statement 56 State Teachers Colleges Instructors, Seventeenth Annual Conference of, held at Bridgewater State Teachers College 16 State Teachers Colleges: Aid to pupils in, financial statement 56 Appropriations, expenditures, receipts, etc. 56,57 Funds. See Funds Statistics as to number of teachers, admissions, enrolment, etc., for school year ending June 30, 1934 59 Statistics: (See also Part II, Annual Report, for Tabulation of School Returns) State Teachers Colleges 59 University Extension 98-102

Vocational Education, State-aided . 70-98 Superintendency unions, financial statement 56 Statistics of 60-65 Superinlendents of schools: Certification of 18 Local Study Clubs of 8 Twentieth Annual Conference of, held at Bridgewater State Teachers College 15

T Teachers, certification of, for State-aided high schools 68 Teachers' Institutes 16 Teachers' Institutes and Conferences, Financial Statement 56 Teachers' Registration Bureau, activities of 17, 18 Teachers' Retirement Board 27-29

Financial statement . 57 Textile Schools: Bradford Durfee Textile School, The (Fall Rivei), activities of 29,30 Financial statements 57, 58 Lowell Textile Institute, activities of 30, 31 New Bedford Textile School, activities of 31 Todd State Teachers College Fund, financial statement 58 Transpoitation of high school pupils: State reimbursement of expenditures for, financial statement ...... 56 Table showing reimbureement for 1933-34 65-68 Tuition of high school pupils Stat"; reimbursement of expenditures for, financial statement 56

Table showing i eimbursement for 1933-34 65-68

University Extension, Division of . . 52-55 Adult alien education 55 A new trend in adult education 52. 53 Classes of special interest 53, 54 Financial statements 56, 57, 102 New and revised courses 54 Statistics: Adult alien education since ita establishment, summary of (Table IV) .... 101 Students, number of: In correspondence courses and m classes, summary of total enrolment (Table I) 98 In extension classes, with subjects taught (Table II) 98-101

Who have re-enrolled in courses since establishment of Division (Table III) . 101 Visual instruction service 54. 55 106 P.D. 2. V Vocational Education, State-aided, Division of 31-51 Agricultural education 31-34 Earnings of pupils in (table) 80 Teacher-training, statistics on 88,91,92 Vital statistics on 84 Art in industry and business 39 Continuation schools 40-43 Courses in, data concerning (table) 41-42 Teacher-training, statistics on 90-92 Vital statistics 86 Fess-Kenyon Fund (Rehabilitation), use of 88

Financial statement . . 56-58 Firemen, zone schools for training of 37 Table showing location, number enrolled, and towns and cities represented 89 Fitchburg State Teachers College, summer conferences and courses for professional improvement and teacher-training for teachers held at 37-40 George-Reed Fund (Vocational), use of 87 Household arts, Teacher-training, statistics on 90-92 Vital statistics on 82 Minors, 14 to 16 years of age, employment of, statistics on 93-98 National Industrial Recovery Act, effect of, on Continuation Schools 40 Practical art. Teacher-training, statistics on 90-92 Vital statistics on 83 Rehabilitation Section 44-51 Administration and procedure 44 Fess-Kenyon Fund, use of 88 Illustrative cases 48-51 Statistical presentation of registrants (table) 47 Statistics 84-86 Smith-Hughes Fund (Vocational) use of 86 Statistics: Earnings of vocational agricultural pupils (Table V) 80 Employment of minors 14 to 16 years of age (Table IX) 93-98 Federal funds, use of (Table VII) 86-88 84-86 Rehabilitation .• Roster of State-aided vocational and part-time schools (Table I) 70-73 Summarized financial statement, all types of schools (Table III) 74-79 Teacher-training (Table VIII) 88-92

Vital statistics by types of schools and departments (Table VI) . . . . 81-84 Trade and industrial education —boys and men 34-37

Zone schools for training firemen . 37 Trade, industrial, and homemaking education—girls and women 37-39 Training of teacheis; For agricultural schools and departments 33, 34 For household arts schools and departments 38, 39 For trade and industrial schools 36, 37 Vocational Education Trust Fund—U. S. Grant, financial statement 58 Vocational Rehabilitation Trust Fund, financial statement 58 Vocational Rehabilitation Trust Fund—U. S. Grant, financial statement 58 Watchmen's Course 37 Statistics on 89 w

Westborough, Lyman School for Boys at, number of pupils at, teachers, etc. (table) . . 69 World War veterans, higher education of children of deceased, financial statement ... 56