6632 EXTENSIONS OF·REMARKS March 13, 1975· On ·page 294, strike all on line 21 through and insert in lieu· thereof the following: under · the Outer Continental Shelf· Lands tlie· 'Semicolon on· line 23; and insert therein ''(3)· appropriations made to the fund, or Act. Moneys covered into the fund under' the following: • · amou.nt~ credited t.o the fund, UJ,lder subsec- this paragraph shall remain in the fund i.u1.til "(2) on any lands within the boundaries of· tion (d)." . . appropriated by the Congress to carry out national forests or national grasslands: Pro Page 1Q3,. beg~ing on line 24, strike out the purposes of this title." · vided.. that the prohibition in this subsection "and e'nforcement and collection of the fee By Mr. REGULA: .•, shall not prevent {A) such mining within as specified in subsection (d)". · (Title IV, section 401{d} :) any of these land-s where the deeds conveying Page 194, strike out line 9 and all that fol · Page 195, line 2, strike the period at the the surface lands ·to the United States re lows down through and including line 2 on end of the sentence and add: "; Provided, served the coal and specificaUy provide for page 195 and insert in lieu thereof the fol Jw1.vever, That any operator of a coal mtning the surface mining thereof, or (B) the sur lowing: operation who is liable under any law' of the face operations and· impacts incident to an "(d) (1) In addition to the amounts de United States for payments to any Federal underground coal mine: Provided further, posited in the fund as specified in para fun~ for the reclamation of coal-miricd That in no event shall such mining opera graphs (1) and (2) of subsection {b) there land may take as a credit against the amount tions be exempt from the requirements of are authorized to be appropriated annuallt· of such·payroent due in any year the amount this Act;". to the fund out of .any money in the Treas of any reclamation fee (either for existing On page 295, line, 12, str.ike the woxk "or"; ury not otherwise appropriated, such mining operations or for abandon.ed tnined on. line 17 change the period to. a semi-colon amounts as are necessary to make the in lands) or severance tax paid to the Sta.tc and insert thereafter the word "or"; and come of the fund not less than $200,000,000 during the year. Such credits ·sl;lall not e~ between lines 17 and 18 insert the following for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, and oeed. the amount payable tq the Un:iteq new paragraph: for each fiscal year thereafter. States in any year. ,'.'(6) within .three hundred feet from the "(2) To the extent that any such sums so " ( 1) The term 'reclaroation fee' inchides outside boundaries of the Federal land.s re a.ppropriated are not sufficient to make the any fee, license, permit; or other charge for ferred to in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this total annual income of the fund ·amount to the purpose of reclaiming, rehab1litat1ng, re~ subsection." $200,000,000 for each of such fiscal · y~ars, ~ vegetating, reforesting, or otherwise repair By Mr. McDADE: provided in paragraph ( 1), an a~ount Suf.:.. ing land .affected by coal mine operations,. , (Section 401 of the committee n.mendment ficient to c'over the remainder thereof .shall "(2) The term 'severanile tax' tnclud~s. a.os. tn the nature of. a substitute is amended be credited to the fund from revenues· due tax, fee, or levy charged for or appli~d ~ as follows: ) · and payable to the United States for deposit the extraction or sever~ce of coal from the Page 193, 1'ltrike out lines 20 through 21 in the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts ground." · · ·
'EXTENSIONS OF REl\tlARKS
TRmUTE TO "SOAP" OWENS Preside~tial campaigns in Iowa, .to name ect qf community endeavor which has a few. resuited both in the preservation· of a HON. DICK CLARK But even to cite all of these activities miique feature of the community and in cannot accuratelY describe the character the creation of a memorial dedicated to OF IOWA and qualities of Soap Owens. But there that community's not~worthy pas~. ·Tn IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES was one incident that comes close. In view of the current interest in Congress Thursday, March 13, 1975 1971, when the protest over the tragic in appropriating Federal money for the involvement in Vietnam had reached a preservation of abandoned railroad sta..:. Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I would pealt all across the country, there was a like take note today of the retirement tions, I feel that Batavi.a/s example . of. to rally of· students at Iowa State Univer local initiative merits the widest possi:. of one of Iowa's outstanding citizens, sity in ·Ames. Many public officials ad ble exposure. . · . . ·: ' Ed.rls H. Owens, of Newton, Iowa dressed the rally that day with speaker· "'Soap," as he is known to thousands of ·L--i 1855 the Chicago, Burlington '& after speaker attempting to convince the Quincy "built a station on Bataviats ¢~ ' Iowans. Rarely has an individual had a audience of newly enfranchised voters greater impact on the economic anfl po side. Over the years this $tatlon. serveq that they were as committed against the as a vital link between Batavia and Chi litical life of a State. Under Soap's lead Vietnam war as were the students. How ership, the United Auto Workers Union cago. A number of ·yea1·s ago_, howe,iei·, ' ever, to the surprise of those young peo the C.B. & Q. discontinued local service in Iowa has grown over the past two ple, the most moving and convincing decades to become one· of the most dy to Batavia. The wood-frame station was· speech was given not by a politician but abandoned. namic organizations in the State. As the· by a labor leader unknown to most of head of I()wa's United Auto Workers, It remained in a state of negiect tmtil Soap has not only advanced the economic them. The sincerity al'ld conviction a neighboring town sought its acquisi against the war conveyed in Soap·Owens' tion. At that point 20 Batavia business well-being of his members at the bar speech was one of the most moving ap gaining table, but also has advanced the men, led by Phil Elfstrom and Art Swan causes of human rights and justice for peals -for reason and human dignity that son, contributed $50 a. piece to gain title all people. I have ever heard. But that was typical to the structure. But the saga still was· In these times of public cynicism and of Soap Owens. not aver. As Jeffrey Schielke noted in the apathy toward government, it is espe Although I know that Soap Owens. January 15_, 1975, ~ssue of the Herald: · · cially important to recognize an indi will continue to pla:y an active part in . Afte1· the building was bought by local vidual who has contributed so much to ci-:-ic and community affairs arid people· hands, it was allowed to remain standing, the cause of increasing public involve will continue to call on his valued ad at its original site along the Burlin-gton vice and counsel, it is important that we track.s at Van Buren and Webster Streets. ment and awareness in political affairs. pay tribute today to his long distin Coining here to help preserve the depot was He always has been willing to lend a guished career on the occasion of his a host of volunteer hands including ap hand to many causes and organizations-, retirement. prentice carpenters and painters, a roofing often without personal recognition for· party made up of prof-essional roofers and the assistance he gives. the Veterans of Foreign Wars Post 1197, and In addition to the many official posi many loeal citizens with an interest. The re tions he has held, Soap f()und time to BATAVIA DEPOT MUSEUM: A COM- sults of toil by this assortment of hands MUNITY EXPERIENCE gave the building a new roof, a new b'right volunteer his time and talents to com exterior color, and general upkeep of l"e munity and public affairs. He has served pairs. on or held positions on a variety of or-· HON. TIM L. HALL When voters of the area appro ed the ganizations and boar.d.s: Advisory 'Board OF :ILLINOIS f-ormation of the park district 1n 1969 the of the Newton Community Chest,. adviser· . IN THE.liOUSE OF REPBJ!:SENTATIVES new taxing body united with the historical to the Newton Community . School Dis society in exploring possible development ·of trict board of directors, co:"ninission-.to Thursday,. March 13, 1975 the . bUilding as a hlstorieal museum -and nominate potential· Iowa suprem-e· court Mr. ·HALL. Mr. Sp.e.aker, I join with co~unity cel,lter. The dreams of this con judges, Democratic ,Committee :for the cep:t went unawakened until 1972 when dis others from the -15th District of Illinois cussion at a park :board meeting -~U~llt Fourth Congressional District of:. Iowa,. in congratulating the citizens of-Batavia about · the formation of a e1ti2Jen's "J>lue executive secrclary of the .Iowa Demo on ·tbe Aprtl 12-13 opening of. the Ba ribbon'' committee to study · p-~sible uses 'ol cratic Party, and chairman of various tavia Depot Museum. Theirs was a proj- the depot. After an extensive study, the ·A-larch· 13; 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ' 6633 committee [composed of Dave Sawitoski, pression should be encouraged among as demagoguery. Were it not more than the W.alter Kauth, Marlene Rotolo, Skip Grevis young people, and I am sure the Senate budget could tolerate; a new agency could kis, Harold Patterson, Paul Johnson, Phil wm agree that this pli.rticular piece of be useful-the commission for the preserva Becker, Charylsue .Ambel, Robert Phelps, work is meritorious. · · tion of the meaning of words. Robert Riley, Phil Talbot, Nancy Allen, Ruth Secretary Schlesinger has suggested Amer Burnham, Dan Holbrook, Sue Waterfield .. I ask that it 'be printed in the Exten ica might be regarded in the world as a per.. and Gerald Ruble] made the recommenda sions of Remarks. fl.dious ally if we stop propping up Indo tion of moving the building downtown There being . no objection, the poem china. The President and the Secretary of where it could be used as a museum and was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, State are now talking about condemning ska·ting facility warming house near the as follows: Cambodia if we fail to continue with aid. pond site. THE STATE CALLED GEORGIA We must not yield, says Mr. Kissinger, to the mood of the moment. But it is not a Mr. Speaker, it was estimated that (By Ronnie Ted Shiflett) mood and it is not of the moment. It is $31,000 would be needed to move the There is a state down in the South, a conclusion by a majority of Americans and . : • station to a more advantageous site and Where weeping willows grow; . their congressmen, that our interventions in renovate it so that it would be safe-and It is the state called Georgia, Indochina have failed and must be cut suitable for ·a museum. A finance ~om The sta;t~ .that I love so. shor~a conviction growing out of years' and mittee, made up . of- Phil Becker, Phil And in North' Georgia, where I was born, years of blunders and false 'promises of lights Cal'lson, Lucile Gustafson, Robert ·Riley, Are many rocky hills; ' · · . at the end of tunnels. ' ~- Jeff.ery Schielke, '.Donna· Da~lessasse, -, And mountain streams flowing cool and We are told, on the one hand, that Cam . . · · clear · : · bodia is on the verge of total defeat; on the Robert Ma..djak, Hanna Graves, :Mary ' Down throtigh the valley fieldS! other, that by hanging on a· bit longer;·the ~n9w, William Lisman, and Phil: Elf- · And in South· Georgia · wllere· the cotton: · C~inmunists may agree to an acceptable ne strom, was organized to receive eontri- . . , 1 growg, ,· · · gotiated peace in that civil war. Few con butions to a depot museum fund. In a Are many woods of pine; · gressmen believe that the latter can be true spirit of community responsibility the And sandy beaches beside the ocean, if the former is true.· FUrnas Foundation, Inc., donated : an Which sparkle all tpe time. ·· . What should have ,been h~tppening all this initial $5,000 and then pledged to match so if I ever leave the south; , time is the identification of. the real reposi• all other· funds collected until the' goal , To wander as some nien do: . . · tory of blame-th,~ ineffective Camb¢ian regime. To now ·name the American Con- . was reached. The ' Shumway. Foundi.·y I'll never forget where I was born; gress as the· profane vessel is to stir into· bot cont!·ibuted $2,000. Other citizens gave To Georgia I'll be true. coals the dying ashes of our terrible domes smaller amounts. . . tic quan·el about Indochina. On October 10, 1973, 2,000 spectators Present Administration tactics are compre watched as the G.epot was moved to a new SEVAREID ·SAYS "WE ·ARE SEEING hensible only in one light, and a rather dim light: that Cambodia has been written off; site-donated by the city of Batavia- THE DEATH RATTLE OF A FAILED that the sight of that place going under, on the west side of the Fox River FOREIGN POLICY" adjacent to the pond at Houston and with Congress nailed as the ex,ecutioner, will make it much easier to get the full b1llion Water Streets. The Batavia Park Board earmarked thi~ year for South Vietnam. Its assumed responsibility for the builQi,ng's HON. -JOE L. EVINS prospects -are better for twisting slowly, slow . recpnstruction .and maintenance. .· . oF TENNEssEE ly', tn ·the wind_._. The actual reconstruction. has been a ··, . IN TB:E HOUSE OF REPftESENTATIVES t:ruly , coopera.tive ·community project. · · · Hundreds of local citizens have join;ed in Thu1·sday, March 13, }975 cleaning,' polishing, repairing, and Paint- Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. .Mr.' Speak~r. A CASE AGAINST GLOOM ing. For it,s 'part the Batavia Hi&t(>rical · the brilliant television c,om~entator Eric . Society has donated its extensive hold- . Sevareid, -on a recent ,Walter. Cronkite · ing~ of books~ letters, memorabilia, anci newscast on Columbia Broadcasting Sys HON. WILLIAM L. SCOTT artifa.cts to the new museum. This col- tern, made some very perceptive and OF VmGINIA · · lection, reflecting as it does Batavia's penetrating ob&ervations ·concerning the IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES history, contains items associated with administration request for more than Thursday, March 13, 1975 such diverse subjects as windmills and $500 million in additional foreign, aid for Lincolnia. ;patricia Verdebar, the depot· South Vietnam and Cambodia. ··. Mr. WILLIAM L. SCOTT. Mr. Presi museum's part-time curator-whose The commentary speaks for itself, and dent, in tWs week's issue of U.S. News salary·is paid·through a local -tax levy- because of the interest of my colleagues & World Report, the March 17 issue, on is already at work preparing special ex- and the American people in this most im· page 84, there is an editorial entitled, hibits. portant matter, I place the Sevareid com- "A Case Against Gloom." This editorial In a recent letter to my office Dr. mentary in the RECORD herewith. discusses some comforting reading about Lucile Gustafson, president of the Mr. Sevareid's observations follow: the country. It refers to a book, "The Batavia Historical Society, pointed out: REMARKS BY ERIC SEVAREm Real America,'' by Ben J. Wattenberg and indicates that Mr. Wattenberg is a The Batavia Depot Museum is not just a There is a theory among some psycholo joint venture of the local Park Board and gists and anthropologists that man requires serious social and economic analyst who the Batavia Historical Society but a com enemies as well as friends in order to feel has supported his views by statistics, munity accomplishment of a people w~o are like a whole man. That seemed to be the case public opinion polls, and market, indus-. proud of their historical past and con With former President Nixon, and he chose try and academic ·surveys. He attempts Sequently of themselves. individuals a-s his enemies. President Ford; in his book to combat the rhetoric of our I heartily agree. w_bose political needs are mo~e pressing than time of failure, guilt, and crisis and to his psychic needs, has chosen an institu-· ~ubstitute for ~t evidence of growth. tion-the Congress from whence he comes. . progress, and success. He refers to the . In advance, be is holding Co,ngress responsi· ·national inco:rne in this · coUntry, after 1.· . ble if the economy continues. to slide down• A SALUTE TO GEORGIA hill. In advance, be is holding Congress re inflation, doubling withm one genera sponsible if the Qambodian· regime collapses tion; to fringe benefits in employment and, some time in the future, the South Viet- advancing from $23.4 billion in 1960 to HON. HERMAN E. TALMADGE namese regime. · $79.7 billion in 1972; to college enroll OF GEORGIA The wisdom of this strategy_in regard to ments growing from 3.5 million in 1960 Il\T THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES . the economy il? dubious, sinc;:e the President's to 8.6 million in 1973, and .to the United persuasive powers with the people are rather Thursday, March 13, 1975 States becoming "the first massive ma weak and the congressional majority against jority middle-class society in history." him is very strong. For depressions or ill Mr. TALMADGE. Mr. President, an Then, Mr. President, he raises a question outstandh1g and patriotic young Geor fated wars, Americans habitually hold chief executives responsible. Both the wisdom and as to what this middle class is doing with gian, Mr. Ronnie Ted Shiflett, of Rome, the candor of this policy in regard to Indo its money and indicates that family has composed a·poem saluting our State. china are dubious. What we are seeing is the spending·· is· for education, for health, · As our Nation approaches the Bicen death rattle of a failed foreign policy. Ad· for recreation, and housing rather than tennial C?elebration, I belleve such ex- ministration rhetoric can fairly be described cosmetics, alcohol, and jewelry. He con- 6634 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March. 13, 1975 eludes by saying that the Americans in tion and housing. Among the slower risers implemented through periodic motor ve the future will continue to complain are cosmetics, alcohol, jewelry. Says Mr. Wat hicle -inspection programs. The Automo about their lot but will go right on tenberg: "The point is that given a vast increase in tive Parts and Accessories Association progressing. discretionary income over the last decade, has estimated that more than half the I believe this is an excellent editorial the broad spending trends have been com cars in this country are operating ineffi The emphasis is placed at the proper monsensical and worthwhile.'' ciently. A recent test in New York City place-on the good things that are hap The hero of this fascinating book: the found that mast of the cars operated by pening in our country and I ask unani American people-"smarter, wiser. calmer, the Bureau of Motor Vehicle Pollution mous consent that the editorial in its shrewder, tougher and more forgiving tha.n themselves were operating inefficiently; entirety be printed in the RECORD. I be their critics of the let and of the right." 62 Mr. Wattenberg, digesting all the data of two-thirds requiring a new air filter, lieve my colleagues and others will find two decades, sketches his hero as resourceful, percent needing new spark plugs, and it to be well worth reading. adaptable, independent-and a chronic com one-third needing new PCV valves. Prop There being no.objection, the editorial plainer. His guess for the future: Americans erly maintained cars can increase both was ordered to be printed in the REcoRD, will continue to complain about their lot mileage, contributing to solution of our as follows: and go right on progressing. energy shortage~ but also produce fewer A CASE AGAINST GLOOM pollutants. (By Howard Flieger) This is not the kind of problem that Want to thaw the chlll of late winter with NATIONAL CAR CARE MONTH requires a new bureaucracy to monitor some comforting reading about this country and enforce the responsibilities of car and its 213 mlllion people? owners to properly maintain their cars. You might try a book bJ' Ben J. Watten HON. JOHN Y. McCOLLISTER We have too much of this already. A pub berg-T.he BeaZ America (published by Dou OF NEBRASKA lic education campaign to promote pub bleday) -which was completed late last year IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lic awareness of the benefits of proper and seems even more timely now. Thursday, March 13, 1975 car maintenance, however, is clearly in In no sense is Mr. Wattenberg a "cock order. I urge my colleagues to a.ccord eyed opt1m1st." Fie ts a serious social and Mr. McCOLLISTER. Mr. Speaker, the economic analyst who has plunged into a sea this resolution speedy approval. of statistics-the U.S. Census, public-opinion proper care and maintenance of the more polls; market, industry and academic surveys than 100 million cars in this country is and such. He comes up laughing at the important_to everyone. Well maintained FARMERS EXPRESS CONCERN doomsayers. To quote his conclusion: cars are safer and do less environmental "The dominant rhetoric of our time is a damage. It is in the best national inter l'hetoric of failure, guilt and crisis. est to encourage car owners to invest in · HON. CARROLL HUBBARD, J . "The evidence of the data 1s the evidence proper maintenance of their automobiles. OF KENTUCKY of progress, growth and success.'' I am introducing today a resolution IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES What's "progress"? Mr. Wattenberg defines asking that the month of May be desig the word as meaning "a condition that is Thursday, March 13, 1975 better by far than what it replaces after ac nated "National Car care Month" in order to increase awareness of the tre Mr. HUBBARD. Mr. Speaker, the legis counting for any side effects." lative as well as the executive branch has For a sampling of his examples: mendous advantages of preventive auto "Real family income, after inflation, has maintenance. Senator CARL CURTIS is in urged our farmers to produce record doubled in a generation." troducing a companion resolution in the crops during the coming year. Fringe benefits-job equities that don't Senate. In urging all Members of the House show up in pay envelopes-advanced from Preventive maintenance, of course, can to please consider giving every benefit 23.4 billion dollars in 1960 to 79.7 billlon in often result 1n lower repair bills in the pc..>sible to our farmers, I want to share 1972, and they're stlll growing. with you two letters from a group of By official definition, a fifth of all Amer long run-.. you can pay me now or you can pay me later" as the television ad farmers in Carlisle County, Ky. The sense icans were living in poverty 1n 1959. Now the of urgency is better expressed by them total is half that. says. But beyond that, properly main Between 1960 and 1970 people on the bot tained cars perform as they are designed through these letters~ than I could ever tom rung gained .6 per cent in their income, to perform, satisfying every mechanical express, to wit: while those on the top rung lost 2.2 J)er requirement for clean air and safe op We would like to take this .opportunity cent. But don't feel sorry for the well-to- do. to inform you of a meetln,g in Carlisle eration. County of concerned farmers. In 1952 there were 202,000 households wlth is incomes of $25,000 or more. Twenty years The mechanical condition of cars The topic of their meeting was grain prices later there were 4.,225,000. not the onlY cause of highway crashes, and their free market system. The farmers Mr. Wattenberg doesn't confine progress of course. But a 1971 study by the Na attending this meeting fel't that 11 the g.ov to material gains. His data show: ti<>nal Safety Council determined that ernment continues to halt their grain sales College enrollment in 1960 was mo1:e tb.an more than half of the fatal car crashes overseas and to monitor all export sales that 3.5 million. By 1973 it had reached 8.6 mn in three sampled States were caused by their market would be lost for all feed grain llon, and 1s estimated to exceed 10 million defective tires and another 11 percent of a.nd soybeans. The fanners fel';; that 1f the by 1980. Furthermore, about 60 per oent of the fatalities were the result of defective government wants them to produce for all today's college students come from fam111es out production that we must hav-e a guar in which the head of the household never brakes. The number of accidents caused antee of open markets .and a fair return on completed one year of college. Among by failing shock absorbers, poor wind their investments. blacks, the 1lgure goes up to 80 per cent. shield wipers or other mechanical mal We are in agreement that ll we produce The number of women in the professions functions ean only be added to these im the amount of bushels of grain that USDA has gone up sharply, and there has been a pressive statistics showing the necessity calls for, we wm have a large surplus and "great Increase'' 1n the percentage of women of improved car maintenance. CertainlY, depressed prices. 1u the total labor force. a large portion of the more than 100,000 A resolution was drawn up and states that Americans now start working later, put if the government does not lift all export persons who have died in traffic crashes controls and guarantees us a free market in fewer hours and retire earlier. within the past 2 years would be alive Mr. W11.ttenberg's analyses are sure to be with no controls, and a cost production price contl·oversial. For one thing, he sideswipes today had the avoidable crashes caused plus a reasonable profit, we will be forced the various "libs"-women's, black's, oon by poorly maintained autol11()biles been to cut back production twenty percent sumer's-because, he suggests, they either prevented. (20%). don't recognize their gains or they deliberate Proper maintenance would have an im The farmers who have signed this letter ly fuzz them to keep causes going. portant and salutary e:ffect in achieving request that you make 1.t known to the Tl'le author's own conclusion is that while our air pollution standards. An estimated Congress their situation and that unless the ha.nd-wrtngers have been deploring the 40 air we have our request. we wm cut ba.cJ(: pro• percent of our pollution is caused duction to meet demand. sad state of America, we have become "the bY cars, and that figure ranges as high first Massive Majority Middle Class society We should like to hear from y~u as soon in history"-something of a marvel. as 90 percent in some of our larger cities.. as possible because it 1s near planting time. Our Federal regulations presently con What is this new middle class doing with Mr. George H. Moyers, Ill'. Wayne Moyers, its hard-earned money? It's not being frit trol the design and production of emis Mr. Leon Thomas, Mr. Perry JyeJ, Mr. tered away, as you might think. Figures in sions control systems, but not their main 0. P. For8ey, Mr. WHaoo Young, Mr. the book show the faster rises in fam.fiy tenance-that will be accomplished onlY Ralph TJ.m..m.ons, :Mr. Barol of Treasur~ and Labor with obligation to c~ declaratQry _judgment in regard to a plan Socia,~ .Security , numb~rs of termln,ate_d ,parl"· ordinate regulations and reporting. qualification. . ticipants with deferred. ve~ted bene.f:lts; ~d coverage of ·an employee benefit plan& If the ms finds a plan qualified, it Is to (2) a notice of - ~ change_in status, of .a · which seek tax ' (lual1fication or Which are certify this fact _to the Department of Labo:r. plan (e.g.: merger, termination. change ill subject to jurisdiction under the Commerce which must .accept this certification as con- names, etc.). and . , Clause. - elusive evidence of initial compliance with (3) a11- annual :return containing such Means by which individuals. not covered · participation, vesting, and funding stan~- financial and other information as the Secre- by a retirement plan may set up their own· ards. tary may prescribe and to be filed within a plan.~? and obta~v preferential tax treatme1;1t. When a plan does not seek IRS qualifi- period prescribed by the Secretary, and New limits on deductib111ty of contrlbu.- cation for tax purposes, the Secretary of La- (4) an actuarial statement of valuation t ion to retirement plans. . bor can through the Federal courts require before 30 days prior to a merger, consolld&- Excise penalties and equitable remedies as compliance with the participation, vesting tlon, or transfer of a plan's assets or liablli- additional methods ·to enforce prohibited and . funding standards of the bill. ties; and transaction rules and the minimum eligi- Plans which are qualified under the tax ( 5) an actuarial report containing a state- bility, vesting and funding requirements of law are to be audited l1Y the I.R.S. Generally, ment of valuation, an actuarial opinion, and the labor and revenue codes. - the· Department of Labor is to limit its in- such other information as the Secretary may Effective dates related to the spe~ific titl~ volvement 'to matters· dealing with indivld- prescribe to be filed in a time and manner and provisions of the Act. ual benefits. prescribed by him (at least once every 3 coVERAGE The Act gives authority to the Secretary years). _ .Excluded from the plenary coverage of the of the Treasury to write regulations on par- The administrator of a plan covered under Act ro·e: ticipation, vesting and funding except that plan termination insurance is to file wlth (1) gqvernmental plans; the Secretary of La~or is directed to prescribe the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (2) certain church plans; regulations in a few select areas. The ~o an annual report which includes a state- (3) non-U.S. plans primarily for aliens; . departments are to coordiriate their actiVJ.:. ment disclosing the occurrence of any tio d ties, and any regulations pres'cribed by one "repo]7table event". . pl~;lue!~r=;;~s-::~e~:ns.l?- an unem- department are to be binding on the other. ''rf:le Secretaries of Labor ~d Treasury and (a) unfunded plans which -provide benefits DISCLOSURE To PARTICIPANTS - . the c'orporatiop are directed to coordinate in excess of th.e Internal Revenue Code lim~ The administrator of a pension or welfare the titiling and content of the various .re- itations on et;>ntl'ibutions and 'Qenefits. .. plan is responsible for providing to partlci- ports required to be filed with each age·ncy. il;xcluded from all but the reporting ~d . pants and beneficiaries: Reports involving fewer than 100. partlci- disclosure requirements are: · (1) a ~'summary plan description" (writ- pants would be simplified. · (6) unfunded plans maintained by ~e ten in a manner calculated to be understood FIDUCIARY RESPONsmiLITT AND TRUST · employer prinunlly to provide deferred com- by the average plan participant~ within 120 REQUIREMENT pensation f~r select management or highly days after the .effective date (or 90 days a!ter All assets of an employee benefit plan are compensated employees. · · ·.: an individual becomes a participant); and · to be held in trust by one or more trustees . Excluded trom the participation, vesting, (2) an undated summary plan descrip- subje,ct to .certain exceptions (~..g., insura~ce . funding a-nd plan termination insurance .re~ tion every 5th year, unless there have been contracts). The Secretary of Labor may ex quirements are: no amendments, in which case every tenth empt welfare plans from this requirement. (7) plans established by labor organiza.- year; and In .addition every plan must be maintained tions (under Sec. 501(c) {6) of the Internal ~3) a summary description of any material pursuant to a written instrument which Revenue Code) which do not provide tor modification of the , plan within 210 days provides for one or more "named F.iduciaries·• employer contributions, a~d . after the end of such plan year; and who jointly and Beverally have authority to (8) pl&.ns·establlshed by ifraternal or other ·(4) a copy ..of the statement t;)f assets, Ua- control and manage the opera.tion. of the organizations ~under See. 501(c) (8), (9); bilities, receipm, disbursements and other pia-~; (18)) which do not provide for employer material necessary to fairly summarize the An individual is .subject to the fiduciary contributions. "annual report" within 210 d&ys after the rules if the individual is a trustee. a "named Specifically excluded from the funding end of each plan year; and fiduciary" a person to whom a "named fidu- standards are; (5) upon written request a.nd within 30 ciary" delegates duties or 1f the indivldua.l- ~9) profit-sharing, stock bonus, and other days, a copy of the plan description, annual Exercises any discretionary authority or individual account plans (except for money report, bargaining agreement, trust instru- control respecting management or disposi.;. purchase plans). -and ment, or other plan documents for which tioti' of·a plan"s assets, or (10) certain qualified lewel premium in- a reasonable charge may be made; and Renders investment advice for a fee or dtvidual insurance contract plans, and (.6) the information in (5) 1n the prin- other compensation, direct or indirect, with (11) plans t}:lat have ,I¥>t after the date cipal office .of the admln1stra.tor and certa.in respect to a.~y moneys or other property .of of enactment provided for empl,oy~r contti- other places; arid such plan, or butions. . . <7> upon written request (but not more Has any discretionary authori~y or discre- Also excluded from coverage under plan · than once every yearr) and within 30 days, a tionary responsibility in the administration termination insurance are: statement of total pension benefits accrued of such plan. (1'2) individual account plans (e.g.: profit- and the time a.nd amount of vesting; and Fiduciaries are required to discharge their sharihg stock- bonus, a.nd money purchase (8) a statement as to a terminated vest~d duties with res_pect to the fund solely in the pension plans) ;and , participant's benefits. and rights w_ithin a inte'rest of the participants and their berie (13) plans that have not after the date of pres?rib~d period after the end of the plan· ficiaries and with the care. l!kill, prudence enactment provided for employer contribu- year in which ·such participant termlnatec!. and dllegence under the circumstances then tions, and · REPORTING prevailing that a prudent man acting in a. ( 14) plans established by professional serv- The. adminiStrator of a pension or welfare. like capacity and familiar with such matter ice employers and which have fewel' than 26 pian is to file with the · Secretary of Labor: would use in the conduct ot an ente1·prise :<>f active participants, and (1) an annual report within 210 days a.fter a Uke character and with Uke a.ims. .,. ' (15) plans established exclusively for ''sub- the end of the plan year which 1s to contain A, fiduciary is specifically required to ell· stantial.owners". an audited financial statement, a certified versify the investments (except in the case ADMINISTRATION AND PROCEDURE actuarial report and other scheduled finan- of employer securities purchased by profit- Jurisdiction regarding registration of plans cial1tems on forms the Secretary may require sharing, stock bonus, or thrift and savings (other than welfare plans) is generally (E.G .•. a balance sheet and income statement, .. plans) so as to minimize the risk of large shared by the Internal Revenue Service party-in-interest transactions. transactions. losses unless under the circumstances it is (through the new Office of Employee Plans exceedlrig 3% of tl1e plan's assets, loans ~n!l prudent not to do so. and Exempt Organizations) with the Depart- leases in default, etc.); and A fiduciary (and a ~'disqualified person" ment of Labor. (2) a plan description within 120 days under the Internal Revenue Code) is spe- The plan which seeks qualification for tax after the later of the plan's adoption or the cifically prohibited from letting the follow benefit purposes first files with the IRS in- effective date of the Act, and an updated 1ng transactions occur in regard to a plan: formation regarding the funding, vesting and summary at least every 5 years; and Dealing with the plan's assets for his own participation standards of the plan and noti- (3) a summary plan description at the account. fies the plan participants o-f such action. time fw·nished to participants; and Acting in any plan transaction on behalt' In the period pl'ior to qualification, upon (4) , a d~scription of modifi,cations and of a party adverse to the interests of the petition by a group of participants, the sec- changes in the plan within 60 days after such plan or participant. retary of Labor may intervene with the IRS change. · · Receiving personal consideration from any in behalf of the participants regarding the The administrat or of a plan other . than party dealing with the plan in connection vesting, funding or participation provisions a welfa1·e plan is to file with tlle Secretary · with a plan transaction. of the proposed- plan, In addition, the em-· of Treasury: Transferring property . to any party-in- player, the. employe.es, the·· Labor Secretary,. (-1) an annual registration statement with• interest. or the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation · 1n a -time prescribed ·by the Secretary and · Permitting . the. ·acquisition of property ma.y. petition ·the· U.S. Tax .COurt to.. obtain a 1s to contain-information on the names and from any party-in-interest. -EXTENSIONS 0F REMARKS Nl-arch -1-3 · 19 7:5· ' . . _ ),!)xt~;tding or rece~vlng c:re~i~ from. a . P.ar~y;:o vide for a "buy-back" permitting recapture Of enactment with premiums .set and col· ~~-interest. . . _ . . . of forfeited vested _benefits (where vesting is lected on a retrpac.tive. basis. The Corpora· Furnishing of goods, services, or :(aclUtiea less than 50%) if the plan provld.es for' such tlop .is to e~plore the possib1lity of providin~ l;>y a _party-in-interest...... forfeiture when the particlpant' withdraws contingent Uabtuty insurance through the . ~cquisitio:p. of employer 5equrities exce~d· his own mandatory contributions. insurance and banking industries. · · · ing the new limitations (generally 10% of Present rules regarding plans which co• Employer Ual:)ility is to be payable over a the assets of the plan). . ordinate with Social Security benefits are period of time specified by the Corporation. A fiduciary may, however, engage in cer• ~hanged. The benefits of a terminated par A lien with the same effect as a tax lien is tain otherwise prohibited transactions; he ticipant are to be calculated without taking Imposed at such time as the employer ne may, e.g., receive benefits from the plan so into account increases in ~ocial Security glects or refuses to ·make payments on long as the benefits are consistent with the benefits after the date he termlnates. demand. terms of the plan, permit loans to partlcf· Another study (to be completed within 2 In the case of a voluntary termination pants if they generally benefit the 'plan; re· years) which could impact on vesting re the "date of termination" agreed to by the ceive reasonable compe'nsation for services quires the Department of . Labor to deter employer and the Corporation is the date o.n rendered, etc. The list of exceptions to o. t~er· mine the feasibility of' issuing regul$-t'~ons to which 1;he plan's be'nefits and assets are val )Vise prohibited transactions can be expande4 insure that employees under Federal procure ued, the employer's liabiitty is established by agreement of the Secretaries. of Labor and . JP,ent . and other contracts be protected (but with the net worth of the employer de Tr_easury when to do so would (1) .be ad~W.~ against forfeiture of pension rights. termined up to 120 days 'before such date).; istratively feasible, .(2) be in the interest of. The Act requir~s that a -plan pay all bene and the lieri is imposed. The benefits guar- · '!ihe plan, and (3) protect the rights of l>~r· . fits (including deferred ,[ested b~nefits) · in anteed on such date are the vested benefits ticlpants and benefici~rles . · · . .. a joint and survivor form at age 65 ~r. if under the plan up 'to the lesser of $9,000 pe' - A fiduciary Is personally liable to the plan . earlier, the normal retirement ' age . under year: or ;100% of the"liigh 5-year compensa for any breach of fiduciary duty while a dis"" the plan. A pre-retirement survivor option tion. ,. ··; qualified person (who is generally a party-tn.o is also t o be available to participants attain Benefit increases within 5 years of a plan interest) is subject to an excise tax penalty. illg early retirement age. termination are insured 20% for each year Trustees may allocate their responsibilities FUNDIN they were in efi'ect prior to termination. 9 and other fiduciaries may allocate or delegate The Corporation must also provide assist their responsibilities; however, a fiduciary All covered pension plans must make an ance to individuals with respect to evalu.; remains llable for the illegal acts of a co~ nual minimum contributions equal to nor ating the desirabllity of using various "port fiduciary if he knowingly participates in or mal Mst plus 30 year (for single employer ability provisions" (e.g. individual retirement conceals such illegal acts. · · · · ·· plans) or 40 year (for multi-eJP.plpyer plans) accounts) under the Act. Plans are protected against loss by reason amortization of unfunded accrued liabil of· fraud or dishonesty by requiring fidu- ities for all plan benefits. Plans may amortize INDIVIDUAL RETmEMENT ACCOUNTS .. ciaries who handle funds to be bonded. liabilities existing on the effective ·date over An employee whose employer doesn't hav-e PARTICIPATION 40 years. Experience gains and losses are to any qualified pension, profit-sharing, or sh.n be amortized over no more than 15 years ilar plan is entitled to set up his own· plan An employee benefit plan (other than wel- for single employer plans and 20 years for Contributions up to the lesser of 15% of fare plans) is not to require as a condition multi-employer plans. An alternative meth~d compensation or $1,500 may be contributed of participation an age greater than 25 ~r a for meeting the minimum funding standard to an individual retirement account, annu period of service longer than 1 year (3 years_ is provided for certain plans ·using acceler ity, or bond program and .may be excluded for plans which provide for immediate ;100% ated funding methods ' which,l~ad to a high . from tl1-e eJN>loyee's gross ·taxable .income. vesting) whichever is the later. Certain pan- degree of benefit security for'!:tatticipants.-· Earnings on these accounts are to be tax fre.e sion plaris may exclude from 'participation . An enrolled actuary is to be retained · by Distributions from such accounts because of employees who are within 5 years of normal the plan administrator on'tieha;lf of ·the par- retirement after a~ · ·59Yz or disability at retirement age. A "year of service" is defined ticipants to . evaluate . the' plan's funding any age are to be taxed as ordinary i:p.come. as a 12-montn period during which the em•. · status (at·least every 3 years) and to offer his' A 10% excise '!(ax is levied on premature dis- ployee has not less than 1•000 hours of opinion as to whether the require~ figures t_ributions. ·· · employmen"~?. · represent his best estimate of anticipated ex- . The employee. and• the t~qstee (w~1o must .. -:. VESTING-NONFORFEITABLE BENEFITS patience under the plan. . ' . be a bank or other qualified person) must . 'Every employee benefit plan · (other than · The amortization period may be extended guard against the fund engaging in .certain a welfare plan) 1s to meet one of three min- by the Secretary of Labor if certain condi· prohibited transactions. These plans may not imum vesting rules. tions are met. The ms may also grant' a purchase life insurance, but certain endow 1. Ten Year Service Rule-100% vesting waiver of the funding requirements on a ment type contracts to the extent of th~ir after 10 years of service. · · . year by year basis (up to 5 waivers in a 15 non-life insurance elements are permissible · ·2. Graded 15-year Service Rule-25% vest- year period) if certain hardship conditions investments. tng after 5 years of service: then 5% ad- can be 'demonstrated. A failure to meet the CONTRIBUTIONS FOR THE SELF-EMPLOYED ditional vesting for each year of service from minimum funding requirements may result The present contribution limit to self~ year 6 through 10, then 10% additional vest· in an excise - ~ax being levied on the employer. ~mployed (H.R. 10) plans is increased from tng for each year of service from year 11 TERMINATION INSURANCE through year 15, so that an employee is 100% $2,500 to $7,500 (or 15% of earned income vested after 15 years of service. · There is established within the Depart- if less). · · s. Rule of 45-50% vesting after 5 years ment of Labor a Pension Benefit Guaranty J.IMITATIONS ON BENEFITS AN:Q service or, if later, when age plus service Corporation, to co,nsist of the Secretaries of CONTRIBUTIONS et{uals 45, such percentage increased by 10% Labor (Chairxuan), Treasury, and Commerce. Pension, profit-sharing, 403(b) annu.ity, each year until 100 % is reached; additionally The Corporation is to guarantee the · pay self-employed, and all other tax qualif\ed a participant under th~ Rule of 45 :mul'~ be ment of vested benefits (up to $750 a month) plans are now subje()t'. ~0 ' certain overall . . .50% . vested ~:~o+ter l'Q years'of covered ~e~vlc.e~ to participants of plans which terminate. . ·benefit ·and ·contribution restrictions. Geri-·. · such percehtage increasirig_by 10% f9r each - A. : 7.:member . Advisory ~ dnnmitte~. ap erally, a pension ·plan; may not provide bene- additional year of covered service. ·so. ~llat pointed QY. the President, 'is establish~d. · . t\ts greater than , $7S,OOO per annum. Con.: . . an !'lmployee is 50 % vested after .19 y~ars, Annual premiums for the first 2 year,'S .are tributio:1,1s on behalf of. .aJl, individual to a ': and 100% vested after 15 years regardless of to be $1 per :plan participant for single em .profit-sharii1g o~. pther defined contrij:>Utiqn his age. · · ·· · ·· · . ployer plans and 50!} per plan p~rticipant for, -pla_n -is limite~ -to ·thEl: lesser of $25,000 or .. A plan is permit~ed to change it~ vesth}g· multi-employer plalli!. Plaps may elect a sec .. 25% of. compensation. All- plans ·of the.. ~~ rule at any 'time if a provision is made that ond. al1in.ial premium based 'on a percentage ployer. ar.e combined for the purpose of test accrued vested benefits not be' reduced for of unfunded insured benefits and total in ing the limitations. A lower limit equival~nt . participants at the time of change, In addl.- sured benefits, but such premium may not be to 140% of the limit under one plan is ap tion, any participant with at least 5 years of less than 50c per participant for sing~e and plicable when an individual is ·a member of service may elect to remain under the pre• 25c per participant for multi-employer plans. both a defined benefit and defined contribu amendment vesting schedule with respect to· Later, the Corporation may revise the pre- tion plan. The above dollar limitations :are past and future benefit accruals. mium ·rates and create new rates based on to be increased -with the cost of living. A year of service for vesting purposes fs (1) number of participants, or (2) unfunded defined as at least 1,000 hours of ·employ;. insured benefits, or (3) total insured bene ENFORCEMENT ment in a 12-month period. A participant iS fits. Such revisions must be approved by Criminal sanctions may . be imposed o·n · to accrue benefits for each year of participa- Congress. persoris who willfully violate the reporting tion (after the first year) in ·which at least The employer remains liable up to 30% and disclosure provisions of tl1e Act ·or who 1,000 hours have been worked . .A plan is re- of net wm·th for any unfunded insured vested uE;e coercive force to interfere with employee quired to meet one of three benefit accrual. benefits of a terminated plan.· The Corpora rights under the Act. rules except that benefits for past service tion is to establish contingent liability· in Violat.ions of the funding standards and must be at least one-half of the minimum.- surance covering this employer liability. prohibited transaction rules may l'esult in Once accrued benefits become vested, they Conditions: of coverage are to be defined by the imposition of excise tax penalties. A pian cannot be reduced or forfeited· on account- the Corpo1:ation and include · payme4rt of may also be disqualified if it does not mee't ot ·"bad 'boy" .. clauses or· other coriditioris the contingent liability premium 'for five · certf\in other requirements of t...'le Internal: (with limited exceptions). A plan must .pro-. years. Covm•age may oe elected from the date· Revenue Code . . · :· ' March 13, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6639 ·In addition· to the above, the ·Secretary Pie of the 'world and especially to the the letter in the best poosible "ligli.~, ¥cdlos o~ Labor or any participant or be.neficlary people of the Baltic nations our flxm de key (}eclared that "it was simply :a. sin of may bring a civU a.ction to enjoin any ~t sire arid detemiination to allow all peo omission. . · which violates. any provision of Title I and "Secretary Kissinger has' said he simply to recover denied benefits. Dollar assessments ple the choice to determine their own fol'got to mention the letter, and we admit and the removal of fiduciaries are but . two destiny. If the United States permits the now that it should have been mentioned," examples of the types of penalties that may European Security Conference to adopt McCloskey said. result from such civil actions. an official act to justify the Soviet PUT rr ASIDE EFFECTIVE DATES Union's action of forcibly annexing na McCloskey said that it had been Kissinger's Par~icipation and vesting: tions and pe'ople into its domain, we will intention to call the letter to the attention New plans, plan year beginning after en be doing a disservice to the basic princi of Jackson and others...... actment. ples this Nation was founded on and '.'Although Henry said he was going to · Existing plans, plan year beginning after prospered under. More importantly, we show it to Senator Jackson, and that there 12/31/75. will destroy the desires and motivations .. should be a complete disclosure to Congress, Accrual of certain supplementary benefits the Baltic people have in their hopes to some of his associates said it should not be niay be deferred until expiration of contract regain the freedom and independence disclosed," McCloskey said. . but not later than 12/31/80. McCloskey said Kissinger had never had Funding: . . they justly deserve: any . intention other than to disclose the New plans, plan year beginning after en Gromyko letter. actment. "He put it aside and simply forgot to men Existing plans, plan year beginning ·after tion it when he was before the Senate Finance 12/31/75. KlSSENGER MITSLEADS Committee,'.' McCloskey said. "There was no Collectively bargained. plans, at expil'ation ·u.s. CONGRESS intent to deceive the committee." , of contract but not later than 12/31/80. . Jacks~m·s staff points out that the Gromyko Reporting and Disclosures: 1/1/75, but letter directly contradicted assurances that Labor Secretary to issue regulations imme HON. JOHN ·M. ASHBROOK Kissinger had given Jackson on a com 1972 diately. OF OHIO promise on the Soviet-American trade Fiduciary Standards: 1/1/ 75. agreements. . T,ermination.Insurance: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In October, 1972, · more than 70 senators Single employer plans-- Thursday, March 13, 1975 introduced legislation limiting most-favored Benefits to be paid for plans terminated nation status to those .that permitted their after 6/30/74. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, it is citizens the right. and opportunity to emi Employer liability and other provisions, on now plainly evident that Secretary of grate. The legislation was aimed at persuad enactment. · State Henry Kissinger deceived the U.S. ing the Soviet Union to change its policies · Multi-employer plans 1/1/78, but Secretary Congress in his testimony regarding a requiring Soviet Jews to pay up to $30,000 as may" use discretionary authority to pay: bene Soviet-American trade agreement. Kis an education tax to obtain an emigration fits before then. visa. It was pointed out that with Russian Pre-emption of State Laws: 1/1/75. singer's deception took place last fall, salaries averaging $150 a month, emigration Individual Reth·ement Accounts: 1/ 1/ 75. when he mis.led the Congress into believ- of anyone with substantial education was Limitation· on Benefits and Contributions:- . ing there -were assurances from top Soviet . vir~~ally impossible. Plan years beginning 1/1/76. . · leaders when, in fact, he knew there were CHRONOLOGY OF , EVENTS none. · ·.The importance of Kissinger's deceptions In mid-October Kissinger -informed is pointed out by Jackson's staff in. this Senator JAcKsoN that a compromise had chronology of events: . TliE INTRODUCTION. OF been ·worked out .with the Soviet Union . October 18, 1974: In an exchange of letters . LEGISLATION On ·October· 26, however, Kissinger re with Jackson, Kissinger conveyed assurances ceived a letter· from Soviet Foreign Min , based on discussions with Soviet authorrties ister Andrei Gromyko denying any such that harassment of visa applicants would compromise. Kissinger did not bring this cease and that the number of visas would .HON. JAMES J. FLORIO "rise to correspond to the number of appli OF NEW· JERSEY letter forward at the December 3 hearing cants." of the Senate Finance Committee. In As its part of the compromU;;e, Congress - ~~N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fact, Kissinger's testimony led everyone Thursday, March 13, 1975 would adopt an amepdnient to the trade bill to believe that he had received personal to conditionally waive the restriction on Mr. FLORIO. Mr. Speaker, today I assurances on the compromise from top Most-Favored-Nation status. have introduced legislation making it a Soviet leaders. Then, when the Soviet Octob.er 26, 1974: Gromyko handed Kis sense of Congress that the u:s. delega Union refused to go along with the "com singer a letter which denied there was a~y tion to the European Security Confer.:. promise," Kissinger put the blame on agreement with the Soviet Union. This let Congress. ter contradicted the assurances that Kis ence should not agree to the recognition si~ger had given J~c~son and others in his by the European Security Conference of I am d~sgusted by Kissinger's conduct October 18 letter. Kissinger recognized it as the Soviet Union's annexation of Es in this affair. Our Nation cannot afford altering the situation and had conversat~ons tonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and it a Secretary of State who misleads the with his aides on ..the importance of notify shou.id remain the policy of the United u.s: Congress. ing ~~.ckson and others. States not to · . rec)ogn~ze in any way FalloWing is Clark Mollenhoff's column, December 3, 1974: Kissinger testified before th~ · annexation of the Baltic· nations by ~~watch on Washington," which describes the Senate Finance Committee, w·ged pas tlie·Soviet Union. · · · · Kissinger's deception in more detail: sage of the trade blll with the waiver au {From the Knoxville News-Sentinel, Feb. 23, thority included, and did not produce the The history of the Baitic nations striv October 26 letter from Gromyko. ing· for freedom and independence· has ' 1975) Sen: Vance Hartke (D-Ind.) asked: "Are been eloquently state . . . "MISLED 'il'HE CONG~ESS" the vehicle is sold to an ultimate pur off.er this legislation again after the Stevenson chargecl that Kissinger "misled. chaser. Thus, under my bill, a car at 6,000 Easter recess so that the Members who the Congress" into believing there were as feet could inexpensively be made to emit !represent .high altitude areas may have surances from top SOviet leaders when .he no more pollutants than a car at sea the opportunity to cosponsoT this legis~ knew there were non.e. ... Then, instead of de fending the U.S., Secret ary Kissinger blamed level 1ation. Congress and defen ded the Russians," Second, the bill I am introducing today Stevenson said. would direct the Administrator of the SAMUEL WILLIAMS' ILLUSTRIOUS The State Department explanations that Environmental Protection Agency, upon Kissinger simply "forgot" to tell Congress was CAREER incredible to both conservatives and liberals the request of a Governor of any State, in the Senate and. House. to either himself authoriz·e or allow desig If it was a deliberate deception it was diffi nated State agencies to authorize specific HON. ·DON EDWARDS cult to exaggerate its importance, for it in modifications of the auto emission sys OF CALIFORNIA volved the rights of millions of people and tem by manufacturers and dealers where Il~ THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES billions of dollars in trade arrangements. If he determines that such modifications Kissinger had truly "forgotten" to produce are necessary to make emissions systems Thursday, March 13) 1975 such a vital document when testifying, there comply with the requirements of this Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. was something dangerously wrong and hap hazard about his diplomatic system, in the act. In the past, officials of the EPA have Speaker, the Chairman of the Commit view of critics who now include the right, been unsure of what clear-cut authority tee of Bar Examiners for the State Bar left and center. was provided to them in this area under of California, Mr. Samuel Williams, wJll the current law. Last November, the be ending his term of office next month. I EPA ventured ahead and asserted their sincerely believe that he deserves our authority in one aspect of this situation thanks and public recognition for the MORE EFFECT.IVE AUTO EMISSION by ruling that, beginning with the 1977 great public service he has performed in CONTROLS AT HIGH ALTITUDES model, no cars may be sold at high alti this capacity over the past year. tudes that have not demonstrated that Mr. Williams has served the public they meet emission standards at that throughout his career, first as a probation HON. ·PATRICIA SCHRO~DER altitude. My bill would not only under officer in Los Angeles, then as deputy at OF COLO.RADO score tl1is regulation, but would further torney general foi· the State of California, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES clarify the Administrator's authority and later as staff attorney for the Mc with regard to adjustments to be made Cone Commission, which was commis Thursday, M arch 13, 1975 by dealers on existing vehicles. Under sioned by the Governor of California to Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, to regulations which would be prescribed investigate the Los Angeles riots in 1965. day I am introducing legislation which by the Administrator, this bill would al His service includes membership on the would amend the Clean Air Act of 1970 low the manufacturer of any motor ve Board of Police Commissioners for the to provide for more effective auto emis hicle or engine made after model year City of Los Angeles from 1973 to the sion controls at high altitudes. This 1969 to provide to automobile dealers, present, serving as president. of that im amendment would substantially improve upon request, the technical assistance portant body since last year. He is also the air pollution situation in the urban and equipment needed by the dealer to a member of the District Attorney's Ad~ areas of the R'ocky Mountain States. make appropriate altitude adjustments visory Council for the City of Los Angel~s. An unforeseen result of the 1970 act to emission control systems. This retro an active member of the Los Angeles is that auto emissions in Denver, Colo., active measure will allow auto dealers County Bar Association and the Ameri are 50 to 100 pereent greater than they to correct improper adjustments now, can Bar Association, and a fellow of the need be, and at least r.ve or six other and will assist the average car owner American Bar Foundation. He is a mem major urban centers above the 4,500-foot who may not be driving the latest model ber of numerous other professional orga altitude level suffer the same fate. It has car. I feel that these · regulated proce nizations. been shown that vehicles fitted with emis dures insure sufficient safeguards against He has served as a member of the com.:. sion control devices that function effi penalties for ''tampering" with the de mittee of bar examiners since 1971 and ciently at sea level run extremely fuel vices. as chairman since early last year. He has rich at higher altitudes and actually emit A third feature of my bill provides been a member of the administrative up to twice the amount of pollutants that that. if a 1-year suspension of the 1977 disciplinary committee since 1969 and a well-tuned car at sea level emits. Low motor vehicle emission standards-re was chairman of the important regula cost adjustments in the .carburetor and cently announced by EPA-does go into tory division during 1973 and 1974. Since ignition calibrations of a car can easily effect, the Administrator may then grant 1972, he has also been a member of the eliminate excessive, high altitude emis States an additional year to meet am board of managers of the National Con sions. yet such adjustments are pro bient air quality standards. For those ference of Bar Examiners. hibited by the 1970 act. For cities such States where the automobile accounts for All members of the California Bar, as as Denver, Salt Lake City, Alberqueque, a preponderant percentage of air pollu well as the public, owe him a great debt this results in the literal waste of millions tion. it is virtually impossible to meet for helping to insure that the high stand of gallons of gasoline, and the incon the 1977 air standards if the stricter au ards of the Califo:tnia Bar, both profes gruous situation whereby cars with emis tomobile standards do not go into effect sional and ethical, are and will continue sion control devices emit more pollutants until 1978. to be maintained. He is an individual who than they would without the devices. I Finally, my bill would authorize the realizes the special obligations of t..lJ.e find it highly ironic that several States, expenditure of $750,000 for research on legal community toward the public. We including Colorado, are forced by the high altitude emission problems and in the legislature owe him our hearty Federal Government to accept more pol their solution. These funds will provide appreciation. For, without an active and lutants in the air than they would other the Administrator of the EPA with the competent bar, the policies and rules of wise have. It is obviously impossible for research knowledge necessary to promul an ordered society for which we strive high-altitude States to meet Federal am gate meaningful regulations on this might go unrealized. bient air standards if the devices required problem. Samuel Williams has dedicated his life to help meet those standards actually The Clean Air Act of 1970, a sound toward the proper administration of cause twice the pollution, simply because and vital law, has laid the groundwork justice. He has taken it upon himself to they cannot be adjusted to the proper for the actions needed to abate air pol do more than required by any office of setting for the higher altitudes. lution. but has also resulted in some un the court, and has offered his expertise My bill. aimed .at eliminating this need foreseen consequences to high altitude and dedication in a variety of efforts to less pollution and waste of fuel, contains cities. This bill proposes to correct those insure that ·our society of laws-of free several importan.t features: unnecessary disparities. · doms existing within an orderly society The bill would require that all motor Accordingly Mr. Speaker, I am asking can continue. Without individuals such vehicles and engines covered by the 1970 the Commerce and Health Committee as Samuel Williams, a self-regulating bar act c'Omply with emission ·standards · at to . take this matter up at the earliest -could not exist. Without individuals like that altitude, U:P ·to ~.000 · feet·, · at ·which practicable date. rn· addition,. I· -plan ·to him; who are willing to volunteer a great; March 13, 1975 .. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6641 deal of time and who are willing ~o use over, because the HOLC financed its charm of a taxicab race up Miami Beach, o:r their substantial intelligence and ex own operations by issuing federally guar the st1rring cries of a Bahamian bellboy anteed securities, it cost the taxpayers who's just learned how congressmen tip? No pertise in behalf of the public good, the poetry 11ke that in the Mondale world. legal profession would be less equipped to nothing. In fact, when the HOLC ceased Adam Clayton Powell once explained his serve the public. All of us would suffer. functioning, it had accumulated a net own classy resort-hopping as the fultlllment We owe Samuel Williams not only our profit of over $14 million. of his constituents' dreams. They felt good, gratitude, but ow· admiration. Mr. Speaker, the new HOLC, as pro he said, knowing that someone from the vided for in this blll, would do three ghetto had it made. Similarly, the rest of us things: first, it would help persons who should get a vicarious thrill out of a Con are unemployed and whose incomes have gress which began its year late, marked time HOMEOWNER PROTECTION for a fortnight in February and 1s really been significantly reduced, pay their rushing just now to prepare for the March PROPOSED mortgages for a period of up to 18 recess. And such thrills will come regularly, months; second, it would give the HOLC a.s Congress takes 10 days for Memorial Day, HON. HAROLD E. FORD the authority to buy home mortgages in 11 for the Fourth, the entire month of Au danger of foreclosure and refinance them gust and four or five other holidays this year. · OJ' TENNESSEE over a 30-year period at a 6 percent This nation is clearly safer with its legis IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES interest rate; and finally, it would em lators well-rested, with little more to worry Thursday, March 13,. 1975 about than Blue Tuesdays and charter mem power the HOLC to assist certain berships in the "Thank God It's Thursday" Mr. FORD of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, homeowners whose homes have already club. · I have introduced today the Home been foreclosed in regaining them. owners' Loan Act of 1975 which is de Mr. Speaker, the Bureau of Labor Statistics has informed us that the FIFTY -SIXTH ANNIVERSARY OF signed to prevent wholesale mortgage THE AMERICAN LEGION foreclosures if the current economic re present rate of unemployment is 8.2 cession deepens. percent-more than 7 million Americans There are approximately 35 million are out of work. In some industries and HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO owner-occupied one-to-four unit homes sections of the country the unemploy C. JLLJNOIS in this country most of which are mort ment rate exceeds 25 percent. Regret I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gaged. These owner-occupied dwellings tably, there is no end in sight to this represent the single greatest lifetime in deplorable state. I can not stand idly Thursday, March 13, 1975 vestment of many families. Should pres by when the potential for widespread Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, ent economic reverses be exacerbated, devastation is so great. Therefore, I come March 15 marks the 56th anniversary of thousands of low- and middle-income before you today, urging my colleagues the founding of the American Legion. families would suddenly be faced with to give their enthusiastic support to this Delegates from the First American Ex the loss of their considerable investment measure whose only purpose is to be pre peditionary Force founaed the Legion on and their shelter. · pared for darker days. March 15, 1919, in Paris, France. The As a member of the Subcommittee on The people·of this country are bearing Preamble to the Constitution of the Housing of the Committee on Banking, the already heavy burden of today's eco American Legion states: Currency and Housing, I am keenly nomic woes. Let us not add to their dim For God. and country we associate our aware of the needs of both homeowners culties by refusing to anticipate fore selves together for the following purposes: and the housing industry. The situation seeable ills with proven solutions right to uphold and defend the Constitution of at hand. the United States of America; to maintain before us today is one requiring diligence law and order; to foster and perpetuate a one and foresight. We must enact, as soon hundred percent Americanism; to preserve as practicable, standby legislation which the memories and incidents of our associa w111 avert a crisis for homeowners, not COMMENTS FROM THE LOUISVILLE tions in the great wars; to inculcate a sense react to one when it develops. COURIER-JOURNAL AS TO CON of individual obligation to the community, The Homeowners' Loan Act of 1975 GRESSIONAL ACTIVITIES State and Nation; to combat the autocracy of both the classes and the masses: to make is just such a bill. It re-establishes au right the master of mfght; to promote peace thority to set up the Homeowner's Loan HON. CARROLL HUBBARD, JR. and good will on earth; to safeguard and Corporation-HOLe-if the rate of OF KENTUCKY transmit to posterity the principles of jus mortgage foreclosure on owner-occupied IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tice, freedom, and democracy; to consecrate residential homes reaches a disaster and sanctify our comradeship by our devo point. The legislation defines this dis Thursday, March 13, 1975 tion to mutual helpfulness. aster point as the point at which the Mr. HUBBARD. Mr. Speaker, in line The members of the American Legion national mortgage foreclosure rate with proposed House Resolution 239, I have been successful in making their reaches a level of one-half of 1 percent now respectfully ask that we, the Mem noble ideals become a working reality, on all properties. Such a rate of fore bers of Congress, strongly consider the and through these efforts, the American closure would result in approximately advisability of taking the scheduled re- Legion has maintained the high stand 100,000 home foreclosures a year. As of cess in March. . . ards it set for itself 56 years ago in Paris. December 31, 1974, according to the The attitude of many of our Nation's This is indeed a proud accomplishment. quarterly index compiled by the Federal citizens is stated very well by a recent Legionnaires all over the country have Home Loan Bank Board, the foreclosure editorial appearing in the Courier accepted the challenge of sponsoring and rate was about one-quarter of 1 percent. Journal of Louisville, Ky., sent to me by conducting activities featuring commu However, the mortgage delinquency Mr. F. E. Merkel, of Louisville. nity service, youth development. and rate-the number of individuals whose YOUR TAX REBATE Wn.L BE A LlTrLE LATE educational advancement. · mortgage payments were in arrears and THis SESSION Sponsorship of Boy Scout troops, 4-H who were in danger of foreclosure-was lt's all very well for Senator Monda.le to clubs, Boys' State and Boys' Nation are estimated to be approaching 1.5 percent. ask why the senate may have to drop the anti-recession tax bUl and begin a two-week all included in the Legion's program ot In view of this situation and the con holiday on March 21. He's biased. He Isn't youth development. The Legion also con tinuingly downward trend of the econ running for president, teaching a university ducts an annual national high school omy, it is important that safeguards be course back home, running a real estate oratorical contest and the winner re taken. Standby legislation setting up agency or even very adept at clocking the ceives a college scholarship. The purpose the HOLC, should it be necessary, is the progress of stewardesses up a crowded air of the contest 1s to inspire a deeper most desirable approach. liner aisle-the activities that set congress kno".Vledge and understanding of the During the Great Depression, thou men apart from most ordinary beings. It's the grinds in Congress with their nar Constitution of the United States on the sands of fainn1es lost their homes untll row focus on the nation's laws, world peace part of high school students. the Federal Government stepped in, and domestic economy, who've put us where The Legion has long been active In establishing the HOLC. In its 18 years we are. seeking out resources to aid students ID of e:xtstence, 1933 to 1951, it helped over What do the Mondales of this society know advancing their education. An annua.JlJ' 800,00~ s~ve th~ir or the beauty of a Las Vegas desert night, the revised handbook published as a families homes. More- . . pan ot 6642 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ·Ma'rch 13, 1975 . the America-a Legion's education and that more than lGve is needed to main Federal aid will take the place of other scholarship program, containing sources tain a free society. Let America, and an railroad funds in. connection with work of career and scholarship informatlon the free world, guard well their liberty that could otherwise be performed by the for not only children of veterans, but for lest it melt away under the glare of those can·ier. In other words, if a railroad is all youngsters. who would enslave us. financially healthy, and has the dollars Mr. Speaker, in commemorating this to perform the maintenance work, no 56th anniversary of the founding of the Federal assistance for employment of American Legion, mention should be maintenance workers would be available made of the continuing dedication of the EVANS INTRODUCES BILL TO PRO to it. Legion to the adjustment of the veterans VIDE JOBS AND AID RAILROADS The bill also provides for a loan pro to civilian life, restoring his health and gram in tbe amount of $2 billion at 3- usefulness to .society, maintaining his HON. DAVID W. EVANS percent interest to enable the railroads to purchase the necessary materials for dignity, and assuring the welfare of the OP' INDIANA veteran's widow and children. the track upgrading, such as crossties, The American Legion admirably IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rails, and the like. served the veterans of our wars with its Thursday, March 13, 1975 I understand that this amount can be sponsorship of the GI bill of rights and Mr. EVANS of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, allocated from funds currently ear the Korean GI bfll. By thus serving the I am introducing today legislation to marked for transportation purposes, so veteran, the Legion serves America, for both provide needed jobs to our unem that the loan program would not heap our men and women returning to Amer ployed workers and assistance of a spe additional budget deficits over the defi ican communities from military service cificnature to our railroads. cits we already have. face special problems and pressures. In My bill would amend the Emergency I believe my bill is a good idea. I am addition, financial aid to former service Jobs and Unemployment Assistance Act not wedded to all of the specific provi men and women increases their opportu of 1974 to authorize an additional $500 sions in the bill, and would gladly con nities to contribute, in turn, to their million for the purpose of employing for sider modifications in keeping with the communities and to America. · 1 year more tnan 50,000 maintenance of purpose of the bill, which is to get our The dedicated members of the Amer way workers to rehabilitate railroad railroads moving and our workers on ican Legion have not only protected the track and roadbeds through the Nation. jobs. interests of our Nation abroad, but have As otheTs have pointed out before, . Georgia Power must act in accordance ·With trary, they represent the decay of stale. po~it In an effort to convey to my colleagues the Fourteenth Amendment and cannot de· leal and economic ideolqgies, the crumbling just what the effect of our economy and prive any customer of electricity ••• with~ut . of systems which have faUed to provide real soaring inflation is having on our Na due process of law.'' The GPP lawyers further •order' or to satisfy real '4emands.' There is tion's farmers, I am inserting two arti- ' base their clatm on 42 u.s.o. §1983 "which tremendous opportunity for people' 'with cles which I believe portray some of the prohibits anyone •acting under color of state imagination and organizational know-how to law' from depriving •any person of life, lib· fill the resulting vacuum with alternative realities of farm life. Our Nation's erty or property without due process of systems and styles.... farmers were truly the first hit by in law.' " "One of the best places we know of for or- creased costs for production and we can This is another ploy in the effort to bank- ganizing around alternatives is the electric no longer turn away from a problem rupt the utility. The necessity of holding utility industry, a 'natural' monopoly that is which today has reached disastrous full legal hearings before cutting off service closely linked with the energy crisis and proportions. to those who do not pay their bills would with control of southern economic develop The two articles follow: cost the utli.ity hundreds of thousands of ment by .a few northern banks. Everybody dollars in legal fees, plus losses while the hates their loc-al power company, but few [From th~ Milwaukee Journal, Jan. 15 ~ 1975 1 proc .~edings were .underway. . realize the incredible sums of . money that No Joy oN TH~ FARM Analysis would indicate that ultim~t.~1Y the public own~rship of .these companies ..could (By -David M. Skoloda) Marxists and Marxist-Leninist!J of tp.e. Geor- . yield ~or community pr~perit:r E,L~d · eco-. . Mr. and Mrs. James Herison are entering·' gia Power Pro.ject will assert that consu~ers · nomic development. Perhaps it's tlx;ne to ,re- their third. winter of econom~c crisis on their have a ~~constl~utiop.al" right to fx;ee elec- i yi\>'e ,soine of the populiSt slogans a\ld' cha~- .200· acre dairy .farm about 10 miles north tricity in a completely socialist s~ciety~ · 'nei that feeling people have· of p.ot· being west of Kewaunee. p<.nditlon . which socialists usually call · in ·control of anything into: a ·campaign : The outlook for them and thousands- of communispl...... · a~·ound public control of, ut'jlities--::-and the;ll, .other dairy farmers in the state is not bright: . Recently. one.of phe Georgif:\ Pow:e:t: .;project., maybe, the r~llroads, ~nd . tP,~n. • · .'' . .. · , Barring. government intervention, milk t~wyers, David Schlissel, has been quote~ as It will be obvious to even the most naive · .prices are due to ·fall in early 19175 even denying the fact th,at the Project is !'JOClalist. . pet·son that these radica~ manipulat~rs 'have' ,though prices alrea<;iy, are below cost of pro- . I Perhaps ~r. Schlissel has not read tl}e. ~ower been working to fulfill their goals. .It 1s up du~tion. With supply lines choked with Project•s 1974 position paper' C?f a,ny of the t9 an informed public to st~~ them. . , . manu:t;actured products and consumption of literature produced during the past two and Mr. McDONALD of 'aeorgia. .Th.e fol- . .fluid milk dropping, there is little reason for - : ..: half years in w· hich the GPP statemeh' of· optimism for' rapid reco""'rv in the dairy in- · principles... clearly states the socialist' politics' ·lowi·ng statements have been compiled ·dustry that is the basis.... ·of · the Wisconsin and intentions of the group. . from GPP handouts, brochures, and pub- agricultural econop1y. Perhaps he has not read the section of the lie position papers: The Herfsons' problems started two years position paper which says: we are socialists, working toward a time ago, when wet weather hindered their crop " ... We need to be up-front about our when the company will be run and managed production and left them short of feed for politics and beliefs, but non-sectarian in our by its workers and consumers.-Power Poll- their cattle. They sold 22 head in late 1972 approach." . · tics newsletter. and had 72 remaining. And perhaps Mr. Schlissel and his comrades we believe that the long term solution to More recently, they reduced their herd to in the Georgia Power Project would like to the problems now facing us in the produc- 55 adult females to conserve on costly feed. explain the elaborate interlocking associa- tion, distribution and consumption of energy Mrs. Herison took a job last year at an ..ttons and alliances that it has made With the to be socialism-direct worker and consumer Algoma wpod:working comp"n1 to help with Maoists of tlie Stpp t.he Coal Coalition, witfi control.of the energy industries which·domi- family finances .but she was laid off ji:1st 'a's.sorte¢1. con'ununlst fa-Ctions like the .october . , nate our life and society .-Georgia Power before Tiianksgiv.ing.. While she was working, . ~e~gue, with the Nationa~ Lawyers ~ui~(i and I Project, 1973. , ail... the returns ft:<)~n , the farmin,g operation ~he· gray · ~hadowy <;:omplex of the ~s~itute One of the majol' areas .of political struggle were reinvest.ed in th~ . fl,lrm and in.cluding ... for Policy Studies and it~ souther~ satellit~; in the coming years is undoubtedly going three children, the family live.d on her salary, Perhaps it ~s ~ime for being up-front to be the production, distribution and' us~ she said. . . . . ~bout the I~titute for. Southern Studies; ' of energy in this country.. . an~ . the world. "rr's RIQICULous'.' . ~.n~ tpe leadersl;lip y;ole i~ has played 1~ fo~m~ · Socialists mus·t l:legin to mak'e themselves Since she was laid- off her· husband has mg the t.h.eor~tical pl~nning of G~P s~r!lte- a. part of the struggles going on around the t~ken a job haming hay. in ~ddition to the' gles. ,i • question of power and energy. .Sane, intelli- regular farm ~vork . ."He's working awfully The Instit~.te for Southern Studies s~eer- gent policies and action around this issue hard. It's ridiculous what ~e are doing to try tng re~arks about the energy shortage rep- can help make socialism a viable alternative to hang onto our farm," she said. . ~esenting "the decay of stale . Politica~ and in American life in the next few years. Herison, 33, ~nd his wife hav~ been farm- economic ideologies" a.l~o l\'l'e not up-front. · • • · : • · • tng for about 15 years. Their 'ability tp con- Perhaps the arrogant ideologues of th'e "new. The Company and their attorneys began tinue wm depend largely on the willing- order" realize that oJ)en condemnation of ness of their creditor to refinance their the American republic and the free enter- making innuendos a.l>out our socialist pro:- operating expenses in 1975, she said. prise would reveal their true biases and lose gram. · · · To these charges and others (like Howard Richards, president of the Inter them support. radio interviewers) we responded by amrm- mediate Farm Credit Bank, St. Paul, said THE INSTITUTE FOR SOUTHERN STUDIES AND ing our socialist intentions. that he did not foresee unavailability of THE GEORGIA POWER PROJECT • • • • • credit for the "average or better" producer Most of all we need to organize more and but "if the farmer is below average he is in Dropping its pretense to non-p-artisanship more people. We need to be up-front about trouble." with its friends in the Atlanta radical com• our politics and beliefs, but non-sectarian Such are the conditions that face many munity, the ISS placed a. want ad in the in our approach..•. We must be wilHng Wisconsin farmers in 1975. Cash crop farmers Grea~ Speckled Bird on October, 1972, which to work with people of very different back- generally are in better 'position than live read: grounds. and o~entation so that the total stock farmers because of the demand for "Institute for Southern Studies, a radical effort can be more successful. We must learn their crops in·a world s.uddenly short on sup . research organization; needs volunteers to re- pattence and disctpline.-Georgia. Power plies due to crop failure~ and increasing . search military spending and corporate Project position paper, "The Fight Against demand. They are better off, that Is, if they power structures in the South. · · • the Georgia Power Company," 1974. had a crop. Many farmers· lost crops last year In its position paper, "The Fight Against due to drought and early frosts. the Georgia. Power Company," the Power Project admitted that its success was in large RECEIVED LEss part due "to the resources of the Institute The importan<» of Wisconsin's dairy in- for Southern Studies in Atlanta.'' NO JOY ON THE FARM dustry income is shown in a. Wisconsin ISS staffers who have worked in the Power Statistical Reporting Service report . . While Project include Sue Thrasher; Bob Hall, edl~ HON DAVID R OBEY the index of prices ·received by Wiooonsin tor of the ISS journal, SOuthern Exposure: · • • farme!l"S for all products had declined 11% Jim Tramel; Leah Wise and Stephanie oF WISCON~i!IN in November, compared with the Same , Coffin. . IN 'l'HE HOUSE. OF REPRESENTATIV~S month the year befo~, th~ll"~ was no ch~f;lg& · In an editorial in the Summer/Fall issue in the same index for the entire US, it in 1973 of Southern E~posure, ISS stated: Thutsday, Match 13, 1975 showed. "There are some remarkable parallels be.. Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, within the Legislation passed just before Congress tween the Watergate scandals and the energy next couple of weeks the House will be adjourned to raise th~ dairy price supports crisis-the two biggest front-page stories in considering emergency fann legislation to 85% of . parity would help farmers, but recent mo~ths. Both are the politics of fear in an attempt to alleviate somewhat the· even U President Ford signed the bill the in and intimldatlon, • • • creased prices would not meet costs af pro- "But the watergate and energy crisis need problems facing this country in agrl- duction for many fanners. · not be depressing experiences. On the con• cultm·e. Higher dairy prloe. support levels woulcl March 13, 1975 EXTENS10NS OF REMARKS 6645 give dairymen confidence to stay in business out· because my boys were supposed to take of re~cissiori rather than come"before . th~ and also help farm related businesses by · over but there wasn't enough m oney and Committee on Agri~ultu:re and make ·.tb~ spurring investment in such . things as trac· I'm get~ing too old." · tors and buildings, according to ·dairymen. Kozuszek sold his herd of dairy caws at case that it has defects. The reason.that One farm community banker said that auction hi September: He stlll lives on the they chose not to take this approach is farm loan activity this winte:r was. "nil.'; Tliis farmland;· but no longer as a farmer. His sari, that their own experts realize tha-t the is ~he time of year wl;len farmers usually a.re who would have run lt, works in a factory. forestry incentives program is a soundly making plans for equipment purchases or His voice accented by traces of his ances conceived progTam, which merits con.:. other farm improvements. · tral Poland, Kozuszek ta~ks in plain terms: tinuation. Dairy leaders cited government spending Dollars ·and cents. TQ.is_ :Program got otf to a start last on emergency employment programs as justl.. "In 1950, '51 and '52, corn was 85 cents February 1974, gathered a full head fication for increased assistance for dairy a bushel and milk was mooo than $6 a hun :of fanners, too. dredweight. N9w corn is $3.80 a bushel and steam and has exceeded first year ex-: LOSS ~0 IMPORTS millt"is still only a little over $6." pectations. Over 1,400 counties were des Government decisions in the dalry indus When Kozliszek sold his herd, milk for ignated as eligible to participate in FIP. try can make a huge difference in farm in· cheese and other commercial products Two major forest practices were ·offered, come, Charles Farr, dairy economist with brought only $6'.39, though this month the · with Federal cost-share assistance be the· WiscOIIlSin Federation of Co-operatives, price reached $7.50. tween 50 to 75 percent made availaole estimated that $200 million was lost in 1974 "Everything else is too high," he says. to eligible non:jnd'ustrial private forest by Wisconsin dairy farmers as a result of the "Two years ago baling Wire was $9. This landowners holding forest land tl·acts government authorization to import large· year $23. Seven years ago a tractor cost less than 500 acres in size. a.m.ounts of cheese last year. · $9,000. Now the same tractor Is $18,0.00." i~t Biddick, forme,x- chairman of the The Agriculture Department predicts that Present estimates indicate that more State Agriculture Board and a livestock by 1980 half the nation's family-run da.lry than 17,000 landowners were assisted feeder and 5eeU producer from Livingston, farms will vanish, the herds auctioned to with needed forestry measures ·on 325,- said that costs of seed, fertilizer and insecti· large producers. _ 000 acres under FIP in 1974, 139 million cides will be up substantially in 1975. ' · The Kozuszek farm was never a big opera trees were-planted on 198,000 acres ahd Donald Haldeman, Norwalk, president of tion: 50 cows, i90 acres. But uritil recently an. additio~al 127,000 acres.. received· the Wisconsin Farm Bureau Federation, said it was a living. Clarence Kozuszek, 21, wanted needed timber stand improvement there might not be sufficient supplies of fer· to take over. measures. . tllizer. "Yes, I would, if it would have been prof He said that farmers would go all-out on itable," he says. "We weren't coming out This Federal investment of over. $9 production this year and while they wouldn't ahead, you know. We were just paying fo1· million, is estimated to have generated produce a. surpltis there likely would be the bills and that's it." 350,000 to 400,000 man-days of gainful enough production to lower grain prices. Now Clarence earns $3.80 an hour on the and m;eful employment.. the great ma Steve Pavich, president of the Wisconsin night shift at a. factory. jority of which occurred in rural areas. National Farmers Organization, said that "It's a. lot easier," he says. "There you work In addition, many small equipment op farmers would have to organize to help for what you get. On a dairy farm you work erators, agriculture suppliers, and for themselves because the events of 1974 had all day long and all night and you'll have shown tba.t "they cannot depend on anyone nothing to show for it. You don't know estry firms aided and assisted in this else to get the job done." - what's going to happen from day to day. If venture and thus our rural areas have "How much l9nger farme!-"s can continue you can't make a living on the farm you been helped now as they will be in the· to absorb· increasing coSts and decreasing have to do something else." future · with the new forests that are pri~, I ~on't know," he said. The trouble with farming, as the Kozu growing. FEAR DRY YEAR szeks see it, is that farmers won't work to The private business sector in these gether. "They are going to have to organize Gilbert C. Ro~de, Greenwood, president of rural areas provided a great deal of the like everybody else, like union labor. If they heavy equipment services needed to pre the Wisconsin Farmers Union, said that if don't they are going to go broke," says Casi 19.75 was another dry year the effects would mer. pare the land and plant the trees. Pri be.. even worse than 1974, when many farm vate forestry consultants prepared man ers were m,aking it throug:p on a reserve of agement plans and provided contracto1· f~d. services and crews to carry out many· of ·"It seems like the officials who should .be FORESTRY INCENTIVES PROGRAM con.cerned are w far removed from the con IS A GOOD ~ESTMENT the needed forestry timber stand im ditions out here that nothing is being done," provement measures. I submit that this Rol;lqe said. . _ record is outstanding considering the Donald E. Wilkinson, state agriculture HON. JERRY LITTON short period of time that FIP had in 1974 secretary, said he believed that the family OF MISSOURI to be effectively implemented by the farm structure of Wisconsin agriculture lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES States. would help Wisconsin farmers to survive the Thursday, March 13, 1975 Of equal importance is that the thou period of. low prices. sands of small forest owners who have Farmers wHl be watching closely the new Mr. LITTON. Mr. Speaker, I would Congress' attitude toward export coutrels on 200 million acres of land and who want grain. They fear that an increasingly urban like to take this opportunity to express to pa:rticipate in this· program need to oriented Congress will be inclined toward my personal thanks to the members of know that they can count on this uro controls as a. move to appease consumers. the Appropriations Committee in recog gram to help them convert idle and- de Farmers warn that such a move could be nizing the need for the forestry incen teriorated land to a multiple use, . valu disastrous for them and for the nation's bal· tives program and by meeting this vital able forest resource. The real goal of the ance of payments position. need with their unanimous support of program is the contribution it will make The key question in 1975 will be whether substantial funding for FIP in 1975. In by providing an adequate supply of lum the Midwest drought of 1974 was just a. one this regard, I particularly compliment year deviation from a long ·pattern of ber, plywood, and other wood products weather favorable to crop production, or Chairman WHITTEN. As chairman of the for future homeowners in our growing whether it was the beginning of a period of Subcommittee on Agriculture Appropria cities and suburbs. This is not a pro unfavorable growing seasons. Another pro tions, and as a noted conservationist in gram that stops at the edge of the farm-. longed drought or other h·a.nnfu.I woo.ther his own right, Chairman WmTTEN rec er's woodlot. It will help all of our peo could deal a knockout to a hard preS:S6(1 ognized that to do away with this FIP ple in many ways. It will improve water livestock industry ,dependent on plentiful program. by allowing the President's sheds, it will improve wildlife, and it will · supplies of feed grain. proposed rescission to stand, would have assure forest products in good amounts [From the Telegraph.Herald, Oct. 23,. 1974) meant the plowing under of 150,000 tree at reasonable prices. seedlings desperately needed by future I would like to add at this point, that LxFiTIME DREAM DENll!!D: His SoN SHU~s generations of homeowners confronted FARM FOR WORK IN FACTORY on March 6, 1975, the Chief of the For by a depressed housing and construction est Service, when testifying before the NASHVILLE, Dl.-Like his· -father, Casimer industry: · Kozuszek. ~ked all· his··life to leave some Committee on Appropriations, stated thilJ.g tor. his sons; The family dairy farm. This program was signed into law in that this program "was;successfully im But his· sons won't have it: In1lation ·milked · late. l973 and it has received wide sup plemented'in cooperation with the AgJ.·i it dry.· .-.- ---. -~,-- port acl'oss the Nation. I am amazed that cultural Stabilization and Conservation · "The feed is too high and milk wasn't·hlgh · the administra:tion would· seek to kill the Service· and. the State foresters:" eROUgh," 66-yea1·-old Kozuszek says. "I· sold program entirely by the back door device In view· · of these ··accomplishn1ents, ·I' 6646 EXTENSIONS 0~ . RE~ARK$- Ill/arch 13, 191!; would like to urge the funding " • ~ • • • • t :I ' ,· , ,:J . ·'' ,t'. March 13, 1975 EXTENSIONS .Of: REMARKS 6647 RECORD a copy of my bill, the coricorde and TU~loH." Sonic boom already prohibited to provide suitable regulations to protect factsheet, and the coinmentai·y by Pro~ by FAA. the environment ... In any event,' 'even 2o f~sor Johnston: · · or fewer current SSTs landing at and~ taking off from a-small num-ber of· (U.S.) a-irports, H.R. 4~33 "Lock- . ' · Con·· heed or the same airport, can represent a signifi A . . bill to prohibit ~ommer~ial fiights py ·:,. cord~ 707 DC- 8 747 10-11 cant noise impact· in· the epvirons of those supersonic aircraft into or over. the United atrpoJ.;.ts. Th.erefore, .suitable regulations .are States until certain findings are ·made by Takeoff EPNdB ______117.8 113.0 117.0 115.0 ~5 required to protect the public against the the Administrator of the ·Environmental Sideline ______113.1 102.0 103.0 101.9 95 encroachment of such noise." · · Protection Agency and by the Secretary of Approach ______114.9 118.5 117.0 113.6 102 Transportation, and for other 'purposes POSITION PAPER A~en:.ge •• ------· 115. 3 lli.2 112.3 110.'2 97 ·Be it enacted by the Senate and Hou8e (Dr. Harold S. Johnston, professol' of chen1- Of Representatives of the United States of istry; University of California, ·Berkeley, re America in Congress assembled, That it shall . VIBRATION views, "The Effects of Stratosphel'ic Pollutio~ be unlawful to operate a supersonic aircraft, FAA report; pg. ·42, says Alaska Concorde by Aircraft," by A. J. Grobecker, S. c. Cor manufactured in the United States or in a tests show SST produces up to 500% more oniti, R. H. Cannon, Jr., ·December 1974 ..) . foreign nation, for a . conu:rlercial flight at · household (interior) vibration than present A· mere 125 Concorde (or Tupolev) SSTs super!'Jonic or subsonic speeds in the .navi jets, because of. low frequency sound. Takes flying only 4.4 hours. per day wou\d increase gable airspace of the United States untU- conifo:rt in noting level is still b.elow u.s. skin cancer cases in the United States by (1) the Congress, by law, .approves findings Bureau of Mines structural damage thresh 5,000 per year, according to U.S. D~p~rtment by the Administrator ·of the Environmental old. of Transporta-tion's Report of Findings on P:ttitlection Agency that the operation of such FAA, noting Concorde must hold 3% to ·5 ''The Effect of Stratospheric Pollution by Air-, supersonic aircraft ·in the 'navigable 'airspace mile sbaight shot·at runwa,y on landing, esti craft" released January 20, 1975. In the U.S. of .·the United States wm not have detri mates minimum of· 380,000 JFK area resi Congressional debates concerning support !or mental physiological or psychological effects dents .. will be subjected to noise levels rated 500 Boeing .SSTs, James McDonald (1971) on .tl).e environment; and ·•normally unacceptable'• . by HUD regula testified that these aircraft could. increase (.2) the Secretary of Transportation shall tions, thus requiring special approval by U.S . .skin cancer cases by 5,000 to 10,000 per have made affi.rmative findings, and sub Secy's of HUD. · year, and this argument was one feature in the rejection of the Boeing SST. The mitted a written report thereon to the Con ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION u.s. gress, that the operation .of supersonic air· Climatic Iri:tpact Assessment Program accord 011 the average, Concorde exceeds EPA craft in the navigable airspace of the United ing to the recent Report of Findings, con States meets all noise, environmental, and emission standarqs (which U.S. planes must cludes that 500 Concordes would .increase safety standards prescribed under the Federal meet by 1979) by almost 250%. The 4 flights U.S. skin cancer cases by 20,000 pei· year, far Aviation Act of 1958, as amended, with re per days in and out of JFK will by themselves m01·e than expected by McDonald f6r 5t)O spect to the operation of aircraft in the increase total aircraft emission pollution at Boeing SSTs. However, the Department of navigable airspace of the United. States; and JFK by 4.4% daily, the 2 flights per day in Transportation finds large aircraft (such as and out of Dulles will increase emission pol the Boeing SST) flying at 20 km to cata.se . .(3) the Congress is satisfied that the Fed lution there by 8.3%. Prime offenders are eral Aviation Administration shall have 4.5 times more ozone reduction by way. of Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen Oxide nitrogen oxide pollution than an equal num- adopted noise standards for supersonic air (NOx) ... see chart below. FAA admits that ber of Concordes. · · craft equal to the standards for subsonic "worst case" of 50 flights in and out of JFK aii·craft as contained in Federai Aviation In i9?'1 Johnston estimated that 1.8. mega~ daily ·would hike pollution 28 % total, and tons per year · of NOx inserted at 20 kilo Regulation Part S6, prior to making affirma 41% for CO, 15% for NOx. According to fig tive findings on noise as set forth above. meters (the expected pollution from 500 Boe ures in DOT repot:t of January, NOx in par-. ing SSTs as described in 1971) would reduce ticular could seriously affect the ozone layer; · ozone 23 percent as a global average. For. thi.c;. CONCORDE ·FACT SHEET Scientists not on government payroll charge rate of NOx insertion, the · Department .. of GENERAL· INFORMATION that DOT/FAA figures show that large op Transportation Report of Fndings estimates Aircraft jointly manufactured by Britain. erating fleet of present Concorde design a 1~.5 percent o_:Zone reduction as a world and France. Selling price of $62 million e·Mh, would cause thousands of cases . of skin wide· ·average; a 17.5 percent·. ozone reductiQn today's dollars. To date,. 16 authorized, and cancer in U.S. at "best", and at "worst," over the uorthern hemisphere, arid a 35 per coyered by US EPA's "Wj~.iver" on noise stand actually destroy. ·the ozone layer itself. Full cent increase in u.s. skin cancer cases (The arps; 9 sold, 5 to Britain, 4 to France. Speed, reports from the Nation~! Academy, of Sci-. DOT report·did not have the statistics on skin 1300 mph (twice present subsonic fleet). 100 enee are due s.QOn on at~ospheric problems, . cancers. in other parts of the worldi hence·the to '125 passengers·, all first class. NY/London FAA admits that full fleet would have to un emphasis on: c.ases in the U.S.), Within the flight time of 31h hours (Boeing '747, takes 7 dergo serious fuel and engine modification, recognized u~ertaip;ties in these estimj:IJ;es, hr~.) Uses 146,000 lbs. fuel' per 3,000 miles, pgs. 57-8, " ... to ensure the emissions in the the DOT value of 13.5 percent and the 1971 or 2 · to 8 times' the amount per passenger stratosphere would not cause a significant value of 23 percent are to }?e reg~rded as good than subsonic· fleet. disturbance of the environment." FAA says agreement. u.s. FLIGHTS RECOMMENDED BY FAA I present SST fleet must cut emissions up to In the Report of Findings, released on Jan 600% to be acceptable in large numbers. Following EPA's "waiver'; of first 16 Con uary ·20, 1975, the ·Department of Ttansp·or- corde produ.ction run, FAA rooommends"1976 tation emphasized that: .· : . Concorde · 1. .30 Concordes would not cause notice regular' commercial service of 4 flights per 707 DC- 8 747 able "Climatic e:I:Iec1;s", but they did not day to and from JFK, 2 flights per day to arid · openly state that, according to. their own.ng '> from Dulles. If full Conoorde "fleet" becomes 804 202 120 187 ures, these 30 Coucordes would increase u.s. operational, FAA estimates 50 flights daily ' 106 30 48 126 skin cancer cases by 1200 per year.. : · . in ·and out of JFK; 1975· "test .series" of 2()... 2. Ftirther'ha.rmful e:I:Iects ' can be avoided • 30 . flights being requested for ·JFK, perhaps Note: Pounds per takeoff and landing cycle. if NOx emissions are reduced by i980 'by 'a as early as May. factor' ·of 6 and within another decade· ·,: .. 6648 EXTENSIONS OF. REMA·RKS March 1.3,_19'f ·q. ·, NO MORE ·Mn.ITARY AID TO nonetheless, with its request for . $~22 pol"ting ·Continued military actions, .al\d CAMBODIA million in supplemental military aid. In start focusing our attention on the peed support of its request the administration to alleviate the terrible suffering and has resorted to a variety of arguments. bloodshed which has occurred. It does not HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY Recently the Assistant ~ectetary · of State make sense to spend $222 million on am OF NEW YORK for East Asian Affairs argued· that Cam mUnition - which cannot be delivered IN THE HOUSE OFREPRESENTATIVES bodia "cannot be viewed as an isolated where children are starving and the peo Thursday, March 13, 1975 spot of small import." In language rem ple of Cambodia are desperate for peace. iniscent of the old domino theory, the We must not prolong the agony which Mr. DOWNEY. Mr. Speaker, the Assistant Secretary stated that Cambodia $1.75 billion of U.S. funds has aided over Cambodian government of President Lon "must be viewed in the larger context the past .5 years. Nol cannot be saved. The only answer of Indochina which, in turn, affects It is time that we allow the peaceful to the desperate situation in Cambodia Southeast Asia and Asia as a whole, people of Cambodia to rebuild. their na is to seek a cease-fire. which again affects the rest of the tion. Instead of providing more military Five years ago, Cambodia was a peace world." aid, · let -us somehow help them on the ful and prosperous nation. Today its No one outside of the United States road to restoring their shattered home people are starving and the country has ever suggested this to be true. land. stands in ruins. The war has done little Throughout this long ordeal, the ."rest of but ruin Cambodia, slaughter Cambodi the world;" particularly our allies, has ans, and blacken this country's name. been silent. Indeed, our allies probablY. A . NEIGHBORLY . THING Td Db, In 5 years, this war has killed more look forward to the day when the· United than 700,000 people--10 percent of the States will free itself of Indochina and population-and has left nearly 3 ~ mil;.. will one~ again be able to turn its prin lion people homeless. Half a milion refu..; cipal attention to them. The Atlantic al.;. HON. JOHN N. ERLENBORN OF ILLINOIS gees, threatened by starvation and dis lianc-e will only be strengthened by ~he ease, have moved into Phnom Penh-a end of our Indochina involvement. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRES~ATIVES city of 2 million. The capital has been The administration has aLSo argued Thursday, March 13, 1975 kept alive solely by an American airlift. that we have a "commitment" to Cam This airlift, which has been flying in ·Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Speaker, amQn.g bodia. To what commitment does it re the foremost · victims of lnfla.tion have 600 tons of ammunition a day, has been fer? Surely not one made by Congress. expanded to include 545 tons of food for been retired persons whose income have Section 655 (g) of the Foreign Assistance remained static, or nearly so, while liv the city's hungry. The airlift is e~ected Act, which states that atd to Cambodia to cost more than $11 million, excluding 1 ing costs have risen dramatically. A lot 'shall not be construed as a commitment of people have bemoaned their plight. the cost of the ammunition and food. by the United States to cambodia for jts In Dlihois, some people are doing Lon Nol's government is simply not defense," was passed by the Congress something practical to help these seniqr capable of organizing a coherent defense in 1971 and reaffirmed since. It was also citizens-s'omething practical and a little against the insurgents. In recent weeks signed by the President. Moreover, article mo.re than that. the government has lost battle after 20 of the Paris agreements provides that They· have formed the VIP Council of battle. Two weeks ago the Khmer Rouge "the internal affairs of cambodia and Northern Illinois, a not-for-profit· co].·.:. captured the towns of Oudong, once Laos should be settled by the people of poration which ·offers· to every organiza.: Cambodia's royal eapltal, and Peam each of these countries without foreign tion, private, GOmmunity or governm,en Reang, a key town on the Mekong River. influence." Any promises of American tal, and any individual an.' opportunity to Their gains expose the capital to in support have been· mad-e secretly by the help. · creased artillery barrages and endanger administration. . This VIP friendship project started Pochentong Airport, now the city's life To the administration's further charge with D. Ray Wilson, editor and J>Ub~isher line. that .this is .a .case of "foreign" aggres of' 'the'Daily· Jou.rnal in Wheaton; Tit' H~ Gove1~ ninent casuaities have been run sion, I must reply that Prince Sihanouk has enlisted the support· of local mer ning at a rate of 5,000 per month. Each and his Communist allies are indispu chants-who gi'V'e discounts-and the day the Khmer Rouge moves closer to tably Cambodian. To label them as "for support of sponsors of plays, concerts, Phnom Penh. eign" is simply inaccurate. Cambodia is athletic events and the like-who give The noose around Phnom Penh grows now in the midst of a civil war. free admissions. tighter. Last week, rocket attacks struck Finally, the administration has wa:t:ned Besides economic, cultural and recre at Pochentong Airport and other at that if we leave, there Will be a "blOQd ational advantages such as these, the tacks reached the center of the capitol bath.'' But to warn of a new bloodbath is VIP friendship project does something itself. At several points; these attacks no justification for extending the current else. It ·engenders a neighborly attitude forced interruptions in the U.S. airlift. bloodbath. within the community. The retired per The attacks have killed more than 100 It has also been argued that the ad sons are glad to know that somebodY people since the first of the year and ministration's request will supply ·the cares. The donors and promotors are glad wounded hundreds more. Government Cambodians with enough aid to hold out to ·find somebOdy to care about. troops have been unable or unwilling to until monsoons swell the Mekong, swamp The VIP friendship project has n'o attack Khmer Rouge guns. the rebels, and allow supplies to get need for a newsletter to tell people·about The Khmer Rouge has seized almost through. In fact, the Mekong will not its activities and its.plans. Publisher Wil complete control of the Mekong. ~ov crest until September or October and son has promised to devote one page per ernment forces lost seven beachheads military analysts in Phnom Penh now month to tlie· project, a page to tell about ) last week. believe the Communists are so en events of interest to VIP's. ( . In recent weeks the Lon Nol regime trenched that ·they could keep the river Mr. WilSon has been careful not to J has proven itself to be corrupt and in closed right through the rainy season. . make · this simply a newspaper promo \ competent. Cambodian Army officers can Moreover, the problem in Cambodia is tion. Instead, ·he has enlisted organiza: .. be seen relaxing around plush· hotels not ammunition or· equipment-the tions-park districts, mostly-in 23 com while rebels storm the'·countryside. 'The things that American money can buy munities in DuPage County. Retired per wealthy of Phnom Penh qontfnue to giye but -lack of manpower. Some units are·as sons may get information at any of these lavish dinper paTties while in t;h~ poorer much as 5{) perGent under s~ep.gth. Y~t, places; ·and they may get·VIP member quart~rs of the city parents and children at the same time; th~ govern.plerit has ship c-ardS wh~ch " entitle theypto · ben~flts ,. beg for food. The Govemment.has shown refused to call up ihous.ands.. 9f cfraf~-fl.g~ Mr; . Sp~aker .. ·we are· getting ~9' ~ be s~ favoritism In the distribution of rice, students w}J.o _have been sitting O\.lt the ofg_'- as_ a; ' nation that. we. tend·'. ~o' . f~rget while prices of food in the marketplace war. . how '•w "be''neighborly-:, how· to' extend a have risen 250 percent: ' ·: · · · · · We have come to the point where we helping hand and a smile ''tO older peop~e The F'ord adniinistr~t~on pe~si~t$. must cease b_eing concerned ab.out sup- ~ho · have contri't?uted so mu,ch' .: ~ ·. tije March 13, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6649 world we live in. The VIP Council of the crannies of her loved State f01• years phere nations. The debates over these pro Northern Dlinois is a voluntary effort to to come. posals-which were often tinged with racist revive these virtues. rhetoric--followed massive immigration from Mexico during the bloody revolution of IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZA 1910-17. THE HONORABLE ELIZABETH KEE TION SERVICE FANNING FIRES No laws were passed setting numerical quotas on Western Hemisphere immigration until the 1960s, but in fact the gates slowly began to close in the 1920s. There were more HON. HARLEY 0. STAGGERS HON. HERMAN BADILLO bureaucratic procedures and requirements OF WEST VmGINIA OF NEW YORK to be met by immigrants, and in 1924 the TN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES U.S. Border Patrol was established. Thursday, March 13, 1975 While most Chicanos may not be familiar Thursday, March 13, 1975 with the history of Mexican immigration to Mr. STAGGERS. Mr. Speaker, on oc Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, the fol this country, most do know the story of their casions like this, when we contemplate lo'*ing article by Frank del Olmo ap own fttmilles. These family histories are what with sadness the passing of a comrade peared in the Los Angeles Times on Feb pose such au emotional dilemma for Mexi ruary 23, 1975. The renewed interest in can-Americans whenever we must face up to whose whole life has been a blessing to the issues posed by illegal immigration from. humanity, there come to mind some ran "illegal immigration" again coincides Mexico and the rest of Latin America in the dom words from Wordsworth: with the hysteria of an economic depres present day. How divine a thing a woman may be sion. There are growing fears of a new But we also have a very pragmatic reason made. witch hunt in the Spanish-speaking to be wary of many of the suggested "solu community. The Immigration and Nat The reason firm, the temperate will. tions" to lllegal immigration these days. Endurance, foresight. strength and skill, uralization Service is fanning the hys Most Chicanos know that when measures A perfect woman, nobly planned, teria that is developing by publicizing have been taken in the past against un their fantastically inflated figures of il wanted immigrants. Mexican-Americans have To warn, to comfort, and command. been affected by the turmoil and even caught A light to guide, a rod legal immigration. Attorney General Sil up in it. To check the erring, and reprove. berman and INS Commissioner, Leonard The first major crackdown on Mexican im Thou dost preserve the stars from wrong; F. Chapman testified on February 4, 1975, migration occurred in the 1930s. Federal and And the most ancient heavens, through before the House Subcommittee on Im local officials in many parts of the Southwest Thee, are fresh and strong. migration, Citizenship, and International decided that one way to deal with the unem Law that they believed there were be ployment and rising welfare costs caused by The Kee dynasty, man, wife, and son, tween 4 and 12 million illegal immigrants the Depression was to "repatriate" thousands presided over the destinies of the great in the United States and 80 percent-3.2 of Mexican-American families. coal empire of West Virginia for four to 8.6 million-of them were of Mexican While some Mexicans were simply rounded decades. In that period they freed the descent. According to the Bw·eau of Cen up and forcibly deported during these years, men who go down into the bowels of the many others left volun~arlly, hoping to find Earth to bring vital energy to the service sus the 1970 census showed 4.5 ·million their old homeland more hospitable than of industry from bondage to absentee Mexican Americans in the United States. their adopted one. In the majority of cases, capitalists and their allies, the railroads. This figure was later revised because of immigrants. were coerced into leaving or In that period the occupation of mining a drastic undercount of 38.8 percent and "encouraged" to do so. coal emerged from a sort of medieval the 1973 figure for Mexican Americans A common method of encouraging repa subservience a highly t·espected and has been revised to 6.3 million. If the triation was to threaten an end to relief to INS :figures are accurate the entire assistance unless a family agreed to leave. well-paid calling. Today the .20th cen Another was for an agency, like Los Angeles tury lives among the lofty peaks and Southwest population of Mexican Ameri County, to pay train fare to the border for the winding gorges which have been cans must be illegal aliens. Obviously the whole trainloads of Mexican-American carved out of the rich deposits of energy INS :figures are inaccurate and the Mex families. laid down in the Paleozoic era some mil ican American population in the United Like refugees, Los Repatriados usually took lion years in the past. It is an accom States has reason to fear fresh turmoil with them only a few important belongings. plishment due, in great measure, to the from the INS. The article follows: They also took with them many children who Kees. WHY CITIZEN CHICANOS FEAR TURMOIL were United States citizens. (By Frank del Olmo) Estimates of the number of Mexican Of the three who were elected year Americans repatriated at that time range after year to the post of Congressman For more than 50 years-from 1905 or 1907 from 90,000 to 200,000. Estimates for Cali from that district, it would be no dis when she left her native Mexico, ·until 1962 fornia vary from 50,000 to 75,000, with half paragement of the others to suggest that when she died-my grandmother lived in of them from the Los Angeles area. this country as an illegal allen. the wife and mother was the guiding All but one of her many children were The movement of immigration was re light. She was a woman quite worthy of born in this country, and every one of them versed again in World War II. While the sons the strong words of the poet. She was went on to become substantial citizens. But and daughters of earlier Mexican immigrants well aware of the importance of coal in Do:tia Josefi.na herself simply never got around served in the armed forces and worked in sustaining the economic progress of to becoming _a citizen or, to the best of my defense plants, thousands of Mexican brace knowledge, even registering as a resident ros were recruited by the U.S. government modem American civilization. And she to fill manpower needs on the farms and rail was determined that those whose lives alien. I think she always lived with the lingering hope that she would someday re roads of the Southwest. were spent among the fortunate areas turn to Mexico, like many other immigrants But with the braceros came thousands where coal may be found should share in of her generation. more illegal aliens, men encouraged by their its cultural benefits. Her native intelli She did not enter the United States me compatriots' stories of high wages and ready gence was armed with requisite training gally. For when my grandmother and her employment in this country. In the first in the arts and mores of a good life, and first husband crossed the border, somewhere doze~ years of the bracero agreement, illegal she worked ceaselessly to make sure that in Arizona, this nation stm had a virtual alien arrests in the United States rose in her friends and neighbors on a district open dooi' for immigrants from Latin Amer credibly, from 40,000 in the 1940-44 period scale should participate in the rewards ica. Historically, there had always been free to 3.4 million by 1950-1954. More than 98% interchange back and forth across the 2,000 of the illegal aliens in the latter period came of honorable and worthwhile toil. miles of border between the United States :from Mexico. I am honored to have been an asso and Mexico. The climax in this wave of lllegal immi ciate of Mrs. Kee for a number of years, Immigration was unobstructed, and actu gration wa.s Operation·wetback in 1954, the and to have benefited from the aura of · ally encouraged, as long as the young indus most massive and highly organized effort in her presence on the legislative scene. She tries of the sparsely settled Southwest ~.s. history to deport lllegal Immigrants.. A has been a blessing to West Virginia. We agriculture, mining and the railroads special mobile force" of 300 immigration honor her, and cherish her memory in needed a plentiful supply of cheap labor. officers carried out the operation With the It was only in the 1920s, after passage of assistance of local law enforcement agenoie!$. our hearts. To her grieving son and other the first immigration laws which set quotas Their efforts were concentrated in Southern members of her family we offer our re on immigration from Europe, that the flrst California and Texas, but also reached cities spectful condolences and ow· assurance efforts were made to limit immigration from like Chicago, St. Louis and Kansas City. that her light will shine brightly in all Mexico and the rest of the Western Remis- About 1,700 aliens a day were deported at 6650 EXTE SIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1975 its peak, and by the end of 1954 more than ting for the delegates to get the most The City's stake ln full employment ls 1 million aliens had been expelled, the most out of the seminar. S"Ll bstantial: ever in a single year. I look forward to participating in the There would be no shortfall in City govern Operation Wetback left the Mexican ment revenues, State and Federal aid would American community, smaller and more fifth Annual Louisiana Youth Seminar be easier to get, labor negotiations would be quiescent than it is today, alienated and and witnessing the remarkable accom more fruitful for our working people, the fearful. Many Chicano activists of today plishments of the student participants. welfare case load would go down, and the who were older than I was then-tell me I highly commend this program to any economy of the private sector in the City they can still recall the sense of unease felt one interested in leadership training and would grow by leaps and bounds. in many Mexican-American barrios in those personal development at its best, along It 's difficult to quantify these various bene days. with the University of Southwestern fits. But we can say that because of New York The m assive deportation drive was pre City's high unemployment rate, a rate which ceded by the same kind of negative publicity Louisiana for its sponsorship of this is higher than the national rate, the City's and public debate about illegal immigration worthy event. I also extend my best economy is suffering a loss of some $3 billion we are seeing and hearing now. There were wishes to the Louisiana Youth Seminar in workers' wages alone. reports of aliens contributing to high crime organization for many more years of The unemployment statistics in New York rates, welfare costs and unemployment in success. City at the present time are quite shocking. a time of post-Korean War recession. Consider these: The historical parallels to the present day The City's unemployment rate jumped in are obvious. Many Chicanos are wondering December from 7.4 % to 8.5 %, with a jobless aloud if a new repatriation drive or Opera THE NEED FOR A COMMITMENT TO tot al of 270,000. tion Wetback will soon be upon us. I hope FULL EMPLOYMENT All indications are that the unemploy not, for With the changes that have occurred ment rate kept rising in January, perhaps as in the Chicano community over the last much as another percentage point, with the decade, any such campaign would probably HON. CHARLES B. RANG.EL total number of people out of work exceeding be met with stiff resistance, both polit ical OF NEW YORK 300,000. and perhaps physical. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This is borne out by the fact that 110,000 This is not to say Chicanos would try, or init ial claims were filed in New York City should try, to obstruct legislation like the Thursday, March 13, 1975 for u n employment benefits in the four-week Rodino bill or other proposals designed to period from December 30th through January bring illegal immigration and its attendant Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the mayor 25th. problems under control. We should be very of New York City recently made some In the week from January 26th through critical of any such legislation, however, de comments on the economy and how the February 1st, preliminary figures show that manding that it be carefully written and ap high rate of unemployment is prolong 26,000 more initial claims were filed for un plied humanely and judiciously. ing this crisis. Mayor Beame very astutely employment benefits, an increase of 49% pointed out that with unemployment in over the claims filed in the same week a year our urban areas hovering over the 8.2 ago. The time for mere discussion is long 1975 FIFTH ANNIVERSARY LOUISI percent national average, immediate ac passed. For some months now, other city ANA YOUTH SEMINAR tion is needed to turn this intolerable mayors and I have been urging immediate trend around. In his remarks before a action to solve this problem of unemploy conference on the urban crisis, Mayor ment, which is a Federal responsibility and HON~ JOHN B. BREAUX Beame stated that the initiative must not a local one. OF LOUISIANA originate from Washington. We are being squeezed by a national reces IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Many of us in Congress recognize the sion whose cause was largely a Federal fail ure to act in time, whose repercussions are Thursday, March 13, 1975 fact that Federal legislation must be en acted that would help to ease the burden beyond our local control, and whose solutions Mr. BREAUX. Mr. Speaker, over the must come from Washington. upon many Americans during these times As far back as August and September, even past several years, I have been pleased of economic uncertainty. The Congres when the President was limiting his recep to be present and speak before the sional Black Caucus has supported the tivity to ideas on how to stop inflation, my Louisiana high school delegates as full-employment concept as a viable position was that Federal action was needed sembled to participate in the annual means of turning the economy around. not only to check inflation, but also to check Louisiana Youth Seminars, a statewide H.R. 50, known as the full-employment the recessionary trends-including unem program which promotes training in bill, was introduced by the gentleman ployment-which were already quite obvious leadership, programing, and inter in our big cities. from California (Mr. HAWKINS). This The Federal tight money policy was bad, personal communication techniques. bill would provide a job to every Ameri because it was further crippling a construc This year marks the seminar's fifth can who wants to work. The full-em tion industry which was even then suffer anniversary and I am happy to join with ployment bill must be adopted quickly ing a 20 % unemployment rate. many others in congratulating those who in order that we can get people off the It further added to the burden of hard keep making this event one of the most unemployment rolls and back to being pressed local governments by driving up the outstanding youth leadership programs cost of borrowing for capital projects. lead gainfully employed. ing to their postponement and further in of its kind. At this time I would like to submit the tensifying the problems of the construction The Louisiana Youth Seminar was text of Mayor Beame's remarks for my industry. founded 5 -years ago in an attempt to colleagues' review. His statement incor The housing policy of not providing Fed offer Louisiana high school students a porates the ideas which the Congres eral subsidies for housing for more than two general forum for education in leader sional Black Caucus has been articulat years increased our slums and housing aban ship skills. The weeklong seminars have ing in this regard and illustrates once donments. been extremely successful in developing It was a foolish policy which further de• again the need for swift congressional pressed the construction industry and ag these abilities in students by providing action. gravated living conditions for millions o:t a spirited, thought-provoking, and stim The statement follows: our citizens. ulating experience. The hundreds of I am pleased to be here at this very impor The Federal spending policy of cutting past delegates who have attended the tant conference on our nation's unemploy back assistance to urban centers was bad, seminars attest to the fact that this pro ment problems. Both Hunter College and because the provision of essential services gram represents one of the few common Queens College are to be commended for in a time of national inflation of prices and grounds for discussing pertinent events sponsoring these discussions. a national recession of revenues was becom and activities, for practicing productive It is a privilege to extend the warm wel ing too much of a burden for local com come of the City of New York to all the dis munities. and practical techniques of organizing, tinguished leaders o! government and the In other words, Federal tight money, hous and for gaining a clear knowledge of the academic world who are here today. We are ing and spending policies would not only not workings of the American political meeting on a most important topic-full stop inflation, but it would actually ac system. employment. celerate recessionary trends. This year's seminar will be held at the Full employment, in the technical sense of These policies also simply transfer Fed University of Southwestern Louisiana in the phrase, is a consummation of our econ eral responsibilities to local governments and Lafayette, La. USL's past record of being omy devoutly to be wished, but almost impose additional burdens on local taxpayers. never realized. I have proposed a program which calls an excellent educational instituti{)n In terms of reality, we're talking about for an easier money policy, quick implemen which continually strives to bring to unemployment on a massive scale. And, aU tation of the new Federal Housing Act, im Louisiana students the finest in educa the indications are that it will get somewhat mediate changes in the present revenue tional experiences makes a perfect set- worse before it starts to get better again. sharing formulas to eliminate discriminat• March 13, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6651 lng features of those formulas, and the Fed· which she was both the teacher and leader. An na Rita Dever Kilbane, born in Cleve eral government's assumption o! the financ She has served as secretary of the Gaelic land, is the first American-born "Mother of ing of all local welfare and medical assist League and is act ive in the Pioneer's Dra the Year" named by the societies. But her ance programs. matic Group. parents, James and Bridget Dever, hailed from I believe it's necessary for the Federal gov Mary has loved and studied Irish music Achill Sound, County Mayo, Ireland, and ernment to establish policies which wUl and customs since early childhood, dancing soon she was immersed in the culture of h elp the nation reach full employment. with the Gaelic League Society Dancers, their native land. Maybe full employment will not solve all along with her sister, Norine, and her By no accident, Anna Dever married a man our urban problems. But, without full em brothers, Frank and Tom. She comes by this from Achill Sound, and appropriately, she ployment, t h ere's little chance of solving naturally, as her parents, Tom and Nora met him at an Irish picnic in March at the m an y of them. Hastings, came from County Mayo, Ireland. old Euclid Beach. James Kilbane, a plumber, I know this conference will deal wit h these Her father was one of the founders of the came to Cleveland in 1938. problems, and I look forward to the light this West Side Irish-American Club and co-foun Mrs. Kilbane, the youngest "Mother of the con ference will shed on our present econom· der of its Fife and Drum Corps and its Bag Year" ever chosen during the 12-year history ic condition. pipe Band. He marched With the Club on St. of the award, started marching With the ladies Thank you. Patrick's Day for thirty years. drlll team of the west side club when she Joe McCluskey, Mary's husband, a native was 14. She is the current secretary of it s of County Antrim, Northern Ireland, is a Ladies Auxiliary of which she was once FOUR CLEVELANDERS HONORED BY former member of the Club's Fife and Drum president. WEST SIDE IRISH-AMERICAN Corps, and is active in the Gaelic Athletic Her daughters were the first two leaders CLuB Association. Today, they are proud to watch of the club's majorette unit. And son James, their children march down the avenue. One a St. Edward High School graduate and Lake daughter, Mary, is a member of the Pom-Pom wood cadet policeman, started in the club's HON. JAMES V. STANTON Unit; and the other, Christine, is a member fife and drum corps at age six, and is now OF OHIO of the Majorettes. Sons, Tommy and Kevin, a member of its drum section. are still too young to participate, but are The festivities for Mrs. Kilbane, secretary IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES anxiously looking forward to it. to the graduate studies dean at St. John's Thursday, March 13, 1975 Mary McCluskey, we salute you on being College wm begin March 14 and continue chosen as the first West Side Irish-American into the wee hours of St. Patrick's Day. Pa Mr. STANTON. Mr. Speaker, it is a Club's Woman of the Year. May the road rise rades, dances, and dinners are on the agenda pleasure for me to call the attention of up to meet you and m ay the wind be always for a family that loves Irish music and danc this House to four Greater Clevelanders at your back . ing and has entertained famous Gaelic sing who are now being honored by the West ers Liam Clancy and Tommy Makem on their Side Irish-American Club. MAN OF THE YEAR, 1975- stops in Cleveland. Receiving the high honor of Irish MICHAEL RODDY Nancy, working on her master's degree in Mother of the Year is Mrs. Anna Rita Michael Roddy's affiliation with the West nursing in Denver is expected home for the Side Irish-American Club goes back to 1949, celebration. And she will return to a house Kilbane, wife of Mr. James Kilbane, and painted green both inside and out filled with mother of three. the same year he came to Cleveland from his native home in Boyle, County Roscommon, Irish plaques and hymns, all part of the Queen of the club this year is Mary Ireland. As a club member, he has always Kilbane's "green mania." Ellen Togher, a John Marshall High been a willing worker, whether it was at the School senior. Being honored as Woman annual picnic, dances, or other club func of the Year is Mary McCluskey, mother tions. of four, and active member of the club. Since 1967, Mike has been the Club's Ser NEED FOR COOPERATION TO Man of the Year for 1975 is Michael geant-at-Arms and a member of the Execu ACHIEVE COMPREHENSIVE EN Roddy, who recently retired after 25 tive Board. He is also a delegate-at-large to ERGY PROGRAM years with the East Ohio Gas Co., and the Greater Cleveland Feis Society, a member who, also, has been long active in civic of the Gaelic Society, and a strong supporter and social organizations. of the Gaelic Athletic Association. HON. JAMES ABDNOR Mike has recently retired, after twenty OF SOUTH DAKOTA Four young ladies compose the Queen's five years With the East Ohio Gas Company. Court, and they are Carine Ginley, Mary He now can be found at home with his genial IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES McCafferty, Micki Miller, and Veronica wife, Pauline, who halls from Belfast, North Thursday, March 13, 1975 Togher. ern Ireland. They live in Lakewood, along As a tribute to these fine individuals, with their son, Michael, Jr., who graduated Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, in there I would now like to insert into the REc in 1973 from Biscayne College in Miami ferral to the Ways and Means Committee Beach, Florida, With a BA degree. This sum of the 90-day oil tariff delay bill, H.R. ORD the announcements made by the club mer, the Roddys are planning a trip to Ire at the time of their selection. A newspa 1767, and the President's veto message, land to view the places of their childhood I believe our action helps to keep open per article on Mrs. Kilbane also follows. and to renew old friendships. QUEEN, 1975 MARY ELLEN TOGHER the channels of communication and co We are proud to salute you, Michael Roddy, operation between the Congress and the The pretty 17-year-old daughter of John as the West Side Irish-American Club's 1975 and Julia Togber has been an active member Man of the Year. administration in trying to achieve a of the West Side Irish-American Club's Drill much needed and effective comprehen As Team since 1971. She is a former member of LAKEWOOD'S ANNA RITA KILBANE, "IRISH sive energy program. we in the Con the Club's Majorettes and also of St. Patrick's MOTHER OF THE YEAR," HAS GREEN MANIA, gress are all painfully aware, we have ~ School Drill Team (West Park). Mary Ellen FLYING FEET delayed far too long in implementing a is also a long-time dancing student in the Sure 'n begorra. Irish eyes in Lakewood coherent energy policy. With the current Betty Scott's School of Irish Dancing for prices of OPEC oil and with their intent which she bas won many awards. have a lot to smile about now. As a senior at John Marshall High School, Mrs. James J. Kilbane, 1237 Chase Ave., to keep prices high, the United States she is a member of the National Honor So has been named the 1975 "Irish Mother of cannot afford to continue to export its ciety, a member of the lawyerettes, and is the Year" by 'ljlle 11 organizations which make monetary reserves. also a teacher's aide. After graduation Mary up the United Irish Societies of Greater In 1970 the United States spent ap Ellen plans to attend college. However, at Cleveland. She will be feted March 17 during proximately $2.7 billion for foreign oil. present, she still lives at home with her par Cleveland's gala St. Patrick's Day Parade. It's a fitting tribue to a woman who says Last year we spent over $24 billion. It is ents, brothers, Billy and John, and sisters, estimated we will spend approximately Veronica and Bernadette. she has a "green mania" and goes all out for her Irish heritage. "If you've ever done Irish $28 billion next year. Therefore, although It is with much pride and joy that we dancing, you'd keep it going," said Mrs. Kil there is currently a reported surplus of bestow on Mary Ellen Togher the title of the bane, a friendly woman With a round, smil oil on the world markets, the principle 1975 Queen of the West Side Irish-American ing face. Club. of supply and demand is not bringing Mrs. Kilbane, 51, has done a lot of dancing down world prices. Since the U'nited Queen's Court-Corine Ginley, Mary Mc in the four decades she has been a member Cafferty, Micki Miller and Veronica Togher. of the West Side Irish-American Club. And States imports over 35 percent of its pe she has transmitted her love to daughters troleum, it is vitally necessary that the WOMAN OF THE YEAR, 1975- Nancy, 27, 'Maurita, 22 and son James, 19 all United States conserve its usage of pe MARY MCCLUSKEY active in Irish affairs. troluem products. It is also incumbent Mary is a long-time member of the West "She really deserves it," said Maurita, a upon us to develop alternate sources of Side Irish-American Club, marching with the nurse at Lakewood Hospital. "She has done a energy for future use for there is not an Club's drill team for sixteen years, eight o! lot of work for the club." endless supply of petroleum in the world. C}.CKI----420--Parts ~~~2 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, ·19.75· Another reason for my support of this program, and in the interests of com in, ~pton . _His n~igh~or, it se~ms •. h~~ ~e.~n referral to· the Ways and Mean.S Qommit promise, I supported the referral of H'.R. oii ·National Guard duty here at the time of tee is the fact that the administration 1767 to the· ways and Means Committee the · Cedar ' county "Cow war." "You d.on't as the surest and perhaps only· method want tO go down there, where there's hard . has attempted to keep its pledge to meet heads on every Carner!" Mull~r, _by' all ap assurances given to myself and other by which any solution will be achieved: pearances, has s:urvived. He suggested a tree rural Congressmen. The President's pl~nting project would be 1n order. Would statement that farmers and ranchers you believe 1776 of them? could be refunded for the increase in the GRASSROOTS BICENTENNIAL Layb:ig down her busy knitting needles, cost of off--the-road use of gas and fuel Polly Kemp chatted with animation about relative to his program is a necessity to' the observance in the schools. Although our farmers and ranchers who cannot HON. MICHAEL T. BLOUIN there has not been much participation in the.. OF IOWA past in essay c~mtests in Tipton, sometill:\eS pass along these price increases. Al there are contests sponsored by other groups though I disagree with the President's IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and students should be aware of them. Some plan to phase out this provision and al Thursday, March 13, 1975 courses were suggested, but as everyone. though details have not been completed, Mr. BLOUIN. Mr. Speaker, I know that· knows who has tried it, scheduling of cour~es it is necessary that the principle of this is a. very tricky problem. Fred Schwengel tol~ provision not become lost in possible con there is a great deal of discussion about her of historical music records available froru the American Bicentennial which we will the Capitol Historical society; he is currently frontations between Congress and the officially mark next year in this country. president of this organization . .Supposing administration. There are many, many proposals for va you were a housewife of Revolutionary da.ya I also received assurances that some rious ways in which we might celebrate and had to decide if you should sell your thing would be done to reduce the effect this historic event-some grand designs, produce to the British for "good money" or of higher fuel bills on those who live in master plans, and expensive construc the Colonials for less worthy tender? What relatively colder climates as compared to tion projects. Many of these plans are to do? This subject, as well as eleven .others, those whose climatic conditions demand has .been put together and is available, from fitting, indeed, ·but it is even more en t he National Geographic Society. substantially less fuel for heat. Although couraging to me to discover that the John McKirihan, Tipton high school hu no formula was made, the President spirit of the Bicentennial is very much manities teacher reminded us ,how fortunate promised to tilt the effects of hjs proposal alive at the grassroots level as well. I dis we are to be close to some of the larger cities toward gasoline and away from fuel oil. cover this fact time and time again as I of Iowa and colleges and universities. A few Even though only three other States use return to the Second District of Iowa or years ago Tipton high school held a . sym as much or more gasoline per capita as posium which drew on outside speakers and have contact with people from the dis_. performing groups. We might try this again , South Dakota, it still would be easier trict. Many of these local plans have ~ for us to reduce our unnecessary drivfug he said, "ustng children from the cou nt y simplicity and dignity which captures schools as participants, and not .just spect a than to reduce the necessary heating of the spirit of this ·Nation's founding far tors. It could refiect music, art and religion our ~omes. ' better than the massive construction of the past 200 years." Essential driving, which accounts for projects planned and executed by well When discussion began on the Mormon much of South Dakota traveling, is still intentioned but somewhat distant bu micro-filming project, it was pointed out by a problem and the administration has not reaucrats. I offer, as an example, this Don Stout that Cedar was a forethinking as yet made any proposals: However, as summary of Bicentennial plans being county. The records of the courthouse have Chairman ULLMAN's plan does provide already been filmed and stored in a safe'· made by the people of Cedar County in place. Family histories, either in manuscrip)i for a basic allotment for essential travel, Iowa. The article originally appeared. in or chart form, as well as vital statistics· on I am sure this will be one of the many the March 6, 1975, edition of the Tipton, the family page of the Bible, may be ·filmed. points discussed in compromise plans Iowa, Conservative and Advertiser and I There will be no invasion of privacy. All rec between Congress and the· President. I believe my colleagues will find it a.s in ords would be filmed at a given time and re will continue to bring to the attention teresting as I did. turned to the custodian at once. Joyce of the President and the Ways and Means The article follows: Hamiel found there are not many mortuary Coitunittee rural America's needs in these records available before 1910. MANY GROUPS CONTINUE PLANS FOR BI Several of the ladies who work in ·Floral esSential areas. In connection with this, CENTENNIAL YEAR IN COUNTY hall at· fair time were pleased to hear the I recently hosted a meeting for Members (By ~s. Dorothy J. Stout) fioors may be repaired, making it easier to of Congress and their staffs concerning "To start with, it's hard to know where walk on and clean them. It was not until the effects of energy proposals on agri to begin," said Bill Penningrowth, Chair construction was progressing that they de.; culture and rural America. Farmland man of the Cedar County Bi-Centennial cided to fioor the bulldlng wi;th yellow pine Industries, the National Council ·of committee. He was referring to the tremen at a. cost of $250. Other offers of help have Fanner Cooperatives, the Assistant Sec dous task of contacting key people from the come from the Tipton City council ili the retary of the Federal Energy Adminis organizations of our county. In spite of this, way of equipment and the Tipton shop class tration, who is the agriculture liaison for about 35 enthusiastic citizens gathered at which Principal Ron Salmonson said might the courthouse Feb. 23 to discuss a game provide some labor. FEA, and the staff director of the Demo plan for '76. The octagonal dimension of Floral hall js cratic Task Force on Energy and the They represented the following groups and what makes it unusual. John Witmer told us Economy, expressed their views on the cities: Cedar County Historical society, West there . are a couple of octagonals ~ the M 1ts effects of various ·· energy proposals on Branch Chamber of Commerce, West Branch catine area.. rural America. I am hopeful we can con Study club, 19th Century club, Child Con Wherever there is a chance of federal tinue to conduct meetings of this nature se:rvation League, DAR, Tipton Woman's funding, competition is keen. Our applica~ in order to resolve problems before they club. Tipton Federated ch~b. Trinity Lu t ion of Floral hall to the National Register theran Ladies and Am-Vets of Lowden. of Historic· Sites may not be approved. It will . become insurmountable obstacles. Also the Lowden Historical society and be several months before decisions will be The President has agreed, at the re Commercial club, Cedar County Extel:).Sion m.ade. quest of the majority leaders of both the service, Tipton Fire department, Cedar So popular .has been the 1974 Review of Senate and House, to delay $2 of the $3 County Fair Board, Tipton Chamber of Com the Cedar County Historical society which import fee for 60 days while Congress merce, Garden club, Aeolian club, Tipton featured Rochester wildfiowers, that the So and the President work on compromise schools and the towns of burant and Low:.. ciety is con.::;idering a second printing. Mem proposals. The President has also agreed den. They will carry the message back to bers of this group, assisted by the Lowden those who stayed home. Historical society, are busy with their. own to postpone until May 1, 1975, his plans . · Did you realize July 4th falls on Sunday bi-centennial project, the cataloguing of all to decontrol old oil. I do not agree with next year? The Rev. Kehrli saw this as a the county cemeteries. Bill Hartz reports ex all facet~ of the President's p1;ogram, or chance for an ecumenical service of worship. tensive work has · already been done with the program announced by Mr. Wright Dr. Doering said the Tipton Chamber of much yet to be accomplished. of the Democratic Task Force on Energy Commerce will co-operate in every way With Although the Rochester cemetery is visited and the Economy, or that ·proposed by a . celebration to refiect the anniversary. He by many out of state folks, Mayor Wenndt, Chairman ULLMAN of the Ways and also remind us that Monday, July 5, would Lowden, felt some people in this area might also be a holiday, a long week-end. not know the location. The cemet~ry ,is ap Means Committee. However, containeq ,We are always trying to get youth involved, proximately ~ mile east of river brid~e . A in these proposals is a possible solution and ~en Mvller, county extension director, saw mill located on south side of black top to our energy problems. Therefore, in spoke to this need. He prefaced it by a story: road (Old No. 1) ·marks the start of the view of the need· for ~Gtion on an energy_ of the time h~ was planning to come to work gravel road that leads to the site. . I ·. ! i. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS .l 6653 .Enihusia.Sm for this presen:-atio~ h~ beer)., people, I place excerpts from the report eralism vs. cons~rvatism ln for~ign pollcy • • • enormous. To see an area, wl).ich is. in par_t,_ by Liberty Lobby in the R.ECORD herewith. or Semltlsm vs. a.ntl-Semitism, ca.thollcism w~at our forefathers saw, to gaze on Wild The excerpts follow: vs; Protestantif!m or communism vs. social flowers such as the abundant shooting St!l!r~. ism in foreign policy. to go back in time as we view Us wlld beauty; NEUTRALITY-THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WAR The crux of the foreign policy matter is this has great appeal. Unfort~nately, even AND PEACE NATIONALISM vs. INTERNATIONALISM.' though they die when transplanted, many During its first 138 years, the u.s. was The question is, which best serves the Na people still attempt to dig up pUu;tts. To ":is involved in .only 'three wars against foreign tion's interests? Will the U.S. be better off courage this, access will be restricted, excep~ countries-all minor in scope and all for by getting involved in the affairs of other for funerals. Next to plant hunters; the lawn reasons of national interest. In just the next nations . . . or maintaining a "hands off" m'ower is the enemy of the prairie grass and 67 years, U.S. troops have been embroiled policy? flowers, it destroys nature which cannot in fo·ur major conflicts (three in the last 35 PRESEN'I' POLICY cope with the onslaught of man. . years alone), all because of a change in for Dr. David Lyon· and Dr. Paul A. Christian-. Since people are so brainwaf!hed by . inter~ eign policy. That policy is based on the prem nationalist propaganda, they have come to seh -of Cornell college will help with infor ise that .the U.S., as the world's richest, most mation for the overlay which wiil tell visi believe that America has to take one side or powerful nation, must accept the role of the other in any quarrel between foreign tors "when every blooming thing is." Dr. peacemaker and planet caretaker. This policy Lyon has agreed to check at close intervals groups! Other areas of involvement find of intervention is about to drag the U.S. into Americans. working 1;hrough various federal for this data. ' · · another area of confiict--the Mideast. The Cedar county supervisors, the ,County and private agen~ies · to "help" othet: coun George Washington, in his Fare·well Ad tries with theti- problems. The attitude of Conservation board, and the Rochester dress, cautioned against the dangers of in township trustees are all cooperating in this. "aid" is· being thoroughly ingrained into Willingness to help fund these two proJ-. volvement in forei&n squabbles. D~ring . his American thinking. It is no longer a ques ects has already been expressed. Contribu own administration, he had subscribed to a tion of whether aid should be given, buf; tions on an individual and organizational policy of non-intervention . ,. ! which policy how much. With this foreign aid philosophy ba.Sis will be gratefully accepted. , succeeding Presidents followed for ~ . ~ntury prevailing, an internationalist foreign p<;>licy . · Penningroth ·' wlU pre~nt ·the ·, cemetery and a quarter. LIBERTY. LOBBY's ~rst pub is seldom seriously questioned. . . project to the State Bi-Centennial commit lication, which is still available, Is the text of · The· prime area involving foreign policy tee in Des Moines March 27. The fact, that that famous address. LIBERTY LOBBY has now Is the Mideast. For years, due to alien to our knowledge no other prairie site has unwaveringly advocated his policy of non Zionist infiuence, America has unwavet·ingly applied, may be helpful. March 3, he, and intervention. supported Israel, to the dismay of the Arab other inte-rested parties, attended a meeting Then, early in the 1900's, President Wood countries. The 1973 Israel-Arab confiict in Wat.,rloo which will give help to people row Wilson, upon urging by the international brought on the oil embargo, and for the who are formulating their bi:.centehnial bankers, and contrary to traditional U.S. first time American citizens began to ques plans. policy and inte1·ests, took sides in a European tion this U.S. policy. As you read the papers, you wlll note peo conflict and began sending arms and sup Under the present policy, another Mideast ple eve1~here are getting into the "Act of plies. In a few short years, American youth outbreak is certain to precipitate another '76." The Iowa Local Historical Museum as were sailing overseas to fight a war "to make oil embargo; will likely draw American troop&. sociation will hold a workshop April 3 at the world safe for democracy." into the conflict; plus inviting U.S.-U.S.S.R. which time, Mrs. Fry, state heritage chair In 1919 Congress voted against U.S. par confrontation. On the home front, Executive person of the Bi-centennial committee wlll ticipation in the League of Nations. This took' Orders will certainly be implemented, plac speak. the U.S. out of a direct role in settling dis ing American property and 11 ves in the hands Histoo.·ically speaking, we always end up at agr_eements between foreign countries, and of a small favored clique. The U.S. can only West Branch. There the Hoover Foundation once a.gain America was on the sensible lose a Mideast war. is planning t9 hold guided t()urs in th,~' course of neutrality. . . A SANE FO~EIGI•( POLlC~ '.'sunimer of '76'! for the comple~. A van of When Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935, Con In t.he last four. warl'l involving the U.S. .Bi-Centennial exhibits will tour the county. gress passed· and President Franklin Roose which resulted from our aggressive inter Still needed for the comm~ttee is a finance velt signed an effective Neutrality Act. Its ventionist policie~hundred~ o.f thousands chairman and a souvenir chairman. heart and strength is stated th'us: of lives were needles:;;ly lost, . hundreds of Don Stout accounted the events of the "Upon the outbreak or during the progress billions of dollars squandered and the Na 1876 celebration. Only one event marre·d 'f;he of war between, or among, two of more for tion's natural resources severely drained. Our festivities. A cannon was prematurely fired; _eign states, the President shall proc~aim · eco:n<;>my ~as been raped and today teeters on in~m·ing two men. A.t the announcement,. a such fact, and it shall thereafter be unlawful the brink of total collapse. man from West Branch questioned: "I won to export arms, ammunition, or implements When will Americans realize ·that.it is sim der who will fire the cannon this time?" .· of war from any place in the United States, ply impossible to continue the role of W'Orld The next mooting will be early due to re or po.ssessions of tlie United States, to any caret~ker and adequa~ely sa.tisfy the needs ligious observances. It will be held at 2 p.m. port of such belligerent states, or to any neu of U.S. citizens? It is foolhardly to think March 16 in the courthouse. Full participa tral port for transshipment to, or for the use tion is requested. that any country--even the U.S.-has suf of, a belligerent country." ficient human and natural resources to put Remember this: Millions of Americans life This Act was amended in 1937, but in es span, did not, or wlll not, include the thrill out the many fires that fiare up worldwide, sence the provisions ensuring neutrality re supply t~e everyday needs of "welfare" coun-: of a nation's centennial year. Let's make it mained in effect. · count!!! tries and still have enough left to satisfy .FIRST WEAKENING domestic demands• The first deviation .from strict adherence Profound problems have resulted from the \ to neutrality occurred when the Act was in,~nationalist foreign policy of the past • U.S. ROLE AS WORLD CARETAKER amended in 1939, permitting trade with bel 58 years. Tod~y. the only sane oourse is fu {, AND PEACEMAKER QUESriONED . ligerents on a cash-and-carry basis. This sev return to a nationalist course-doing what erely weakened the Neutrality Act. Arms and is "good for America" . a policy of Amer- supplies began fiowing to the countries on ica first! · HO~. JOE L. EVI.NS one side of the confiict and thus the U.S. was OF TENNESSEE drawn closer to total involvement. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES After a bitter debate, Congress, in Novem CROWDING OUT ber 1941, narrowly voted to ·repeal Bees. 2, 3 Thursday, March 13, 1975 and 6 of the Act, prohibiting material sales Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, to foreign belligerents, American ships in HON. BILL FRENZEL foreign waters and arming American m:er OF MINNESOTA the current issue of Liberty Lowdown, a chant ships. The remaining sections of the confidential report published by the Neutrality Act are ineffectual, relegating the ~N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Liberty Lobby, points to changes in U.S. Act to a worthless status. Thursday, March 13, 1975 foreign policy and the involvement" of THE BASIC ISSUE this Nation in four major conflicts in the Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, once past 67 years. In the realm of foreign policy, there are no again the Wall Street Journal has served, guidelines in a fore"ign crisis--no rational up an editorial-full of timely observa This report takes the position that policy to dictate U.S. action. The interna:.. neutrality has its virtues and· that the tiohalists who aim to bring the u.s. into tions. IQ. .tpday•s . issue, the editorial en role of "planet caretaker" opens the door ' their one-world plan intentionally strive t<:t titled ''Crowding Out" contains some of,, to involvement in conflicts between other befuddle Americans. These internationaliZts the most thotightful comments that I pour out a stream of confiicting advice, 'fo na~ons. .' , haw read re~entiy on the sub3eet of def... . menting misunderstanding. ·' A.t'tentiofi is ic1ts -and. their· first c~usin, Federai bor.:., Bem~use of the interest in .this matter · dl'awn away fro:i:n the basic issue-:wnat is by my colleagues and ·'the · American . rowin,g. The pie9e.is. ti.m~ly a~.d deservin~ . GOod for America. It is not a mattei; ·of ltb- of our attEmtion: The editorial follows: 6654 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1975 CROWDING OUT If the Fed pursues reasonably moderate covery does get under way ln earnest. At Understanding the economy in 1975, un money growth, the deficits will still make that point, the investment needs of busi fortunately for those of us with enough on interest rates rise, though not so astronomi ness and housing w111 go up, not down. If our minds already, requires an understand cally. The normal operations of the market the government is by t:-J.en still running $70 ing of an esoteric. economic debate over would balance the equation through higher b1llion deficits, this will call for an even something called "crowding out." interest rates, discouraging borrowing and more impossible-looking increase on the sav Treasury Secretary Slmon sounded the encouraging savings and foreign 1nfl.ows. But ings side of the ledger. At that point, high fi rst guns in this debl,lote by warning that with a $35 billion gap to close, this implies deficits wlll again threaten to abort the re financial markets cannot finance both the interest rates that still might be high enough covery. This destruction of capital forma- huge federal deficit and the needs of private to cause severe problems. tion, excessive monetization Of debt and borrowers. Some economists have described A drop in business investment below $205 aborting of real growth is essentially what his fear as "hysterical." In a letter to The billion implies a much deeper economic de has already happened in Great Britain. New York Times, six prestigious liberal econ cline than so far predicted. Even the pessi Yet Congress goes its happy way, adding . omists said the problem would be handled mistic predictions of the Council of Econom to expenditures, increasing tax cuts, charting through an "accounting identity." But in ic Advisers looked for a small incl"ease, not tax bllls that discourage saving instead of recent weeks, independent analyses have been decrease, in private investment. encourage it, secure in the knowledge that conducted by Norman B. Ture, a Washing Alternatively, the 80 b1llion in personal there is a recession on, and in that case Dr. ton-based consulting economist, and Allan savings is based on a savings rate of 7.9% Keynes always assured them that budget H. Meltzer of Carnegie-Mellon University. of a disposable income of $1,049 billion. Over deficits are a free lunch. Didn't he? Each reports that, until he got the numbers the last 25 years, the savings rate has ranged down, he could not believe things ru·e as from 4.9% to 8.2%. To generate an extra. $35 bad as they are. billion it would have to leap to an implausi The crux of the matter is that when the ble 11%. federal government borrows to cover its defi Finally, the interest rates necessary to MANDATORY PENALTIES FOR GUN cits, it competes with private borrowers who force savings up and investment down by MISUSE NEEDED need funds to invest in plant construction such an amount might themselves be high and ho-qsing. Both government and private enough to prevent a recovei"y. The effect on needs must be met from the savings pool, the housing sector, in particular, is entirely HON. PAUL FINDLEY Which consists of business savings (profits predictable. OF ILLINOIS plus depreciation and other "capital con The long and short of the analysis is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sumption allowances"). personal savings and that somewhere between a. federal deficit of inflows of foreign funds. Allowing for spe $50 blllion and a federal deficit of $80 bil Thursday, March 13, 1975 cial factors and statistical error, the two lion the string snaps. To maintain the "ac totals wm always be the same; this is the counting identity," you are all but forced to Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, more "accounting identity." assume the economy wm unwind in one than 13,000 murders were committed in The problem is that 1f you plug some rea way or another. You can make the same the United States by guns in 1972. the sonable 1975 projections into this equation, kind of analysis not through the National latest year for which FBI data is avail 1t is very hard to get the totals to come out Income Accounts as above, but through a able. equal. This suggests that as the heavy gov different "flow of funds" methodology. Salo In order to attack the root of the ernment borrowings come on stream in the mon Brothers did this earlier in the year, problem without penalizing the law second half, the economy may well be in for coming to this conclusion: abiding citizen, I am introducing today some type of severe shock now orily dimly "The consequences ot a U.S. budget deficit foreseen. A typical projection, with calendar substantially greater than the nearly $50 a bill which would impose stiff manda year 1974 as a base, would look something b1111on estimated by us fo-r calendar 1975 tory penalties on those who use a gun to like this: should be clearly recognized. Such a deficit commit a crime. I would make the ille [Billion dollars] could be reasonably financed only 1f the eco gal use of firearms a Federal crime. · nomic contraction this year is much greater My bill would require a separate man 1974: Invest. + Deficit Eq. Bus. Sav. + Per. Sav. For. Inv. 208.9 5.9 Eq. 136.5 than we expect. Otherwise the budget deficit datory 1- to 10-year jail sentence for + + + would either lead to a vicious struggle for 76.7 + 3.6. anyone convicted of using a gun to com 'Fotal 214.8 Eq .. total 216.8. f1.mds between private borrowers and the mit a crime, and prohibit the coUrts from government, or the Federal Reserve would 1975: 205 + 70 Eq. 150 + 80 + 10. making the sentence rup concurrently Total 275. Eq. 240. have to supply funds without regard to its with . any sentence for other· offenses. · Eq. means equals. long-range responsib111ties. In any event, a larger than expected deficit would threaten I have also asked the Consumer Prod First, a word about the estimates. Private uct Safety Commission to deny a peti investment may fall off more rapidly, but so economic recovery, despite the best inten may corporate profits. Personal savings may tions of government, by crowding out me tion which would ban the public sale of be higher if the savings rate rises but wm be dium to lower rated borrowers, many of handgun ·ammunition to the ptiblte. A lower 1f personal income falls. The net inflow whom are already in peril, and mortgage bor few weeks ago, I urged the Commis.s'iori of foreign funds may increase, but the above rowers as well, thus aborting recovery in to extend the time for public cominent estimate already provides a tripling in a housing activity." on the petition. . · · · year'S time. The estimate of a $35 bUlion Last week Walter W. Heller, a valued mem It is clear that the prohibition of gap is essentially a conservative one, and the ber of our Board of Contributors, cited the. Salomon Brothers analysis as reason not to handguns and ammunition would do question is, how wm this gap be closed? much harm and probably little good. The Part of the gap-and in a sense the whole worry about crowding out. But by now the debate is over how much-w111 be filled by Salomon Brothers analysts are well aware way to discourage the illegal use of hand the Federal Reserve System's purchases ·of the deficit for calendar :975 will be far above guns is to create stiff penalties for their ' federal debt by in effect printing up new $50 billion. The St. Louis Fed puts the cal misuse-such as those in my bill. The _ money. Over the course of a normal year, the endar year deficit at $62 blllion merely on Commission should deny the petition on Fed will buy federal securities, thus injecting the basis of administration proposals, which ammunition simply because it is unrea reserves into the banking system and making included (on a fiscal year basis), $16 blllion sonable and unworkable, and Congress the money supply grow. It's easy enough to in expenditure reductions and a tax cut of only $16 billion. shoUld enact this bill. calculate roughly the relationship between The bill follows: the Fed's purchases and money growth. At a But suppose for a minute that Mr. Heller is 6% growth in the narrowly defined money right about 1975 and that the gap is fl.lled A blll to make use of a firearm to commit supply, the Fed would buy about $7 billion by a. happy combination of events. Suppose a felony a Federal crime where such use in new federal debt. If the Fed closes the gap money growth is moderate, and the Fed violates State law, and for other purposes by. buying the whole $35 billion, the money takes up some debt. Falling inflation mea~ Be it enacted by the Senate ana House of supply would grow by about 30% over a lower interest rates, and suppose this effect Representatives oj the United States of A mer:. year's time. · is powerful enough tha.t non-destructive ica in Congress assembled, That subsection Before we go one sentence further, let rates can balance the supply and demand (c) of section 924 of title 18, United States everyone understand that money growth any for funds. There stlll remain two problen;lS. COde, is amended to read as follows: thing like the latter figure will not only re One is s:mply that private borrowers wlll ." (c) Wh96ver- kindle inflation, but will make interest rates still be crowq.ed out, that private investment .. ( 1) uses a firearm to commit any felony go up, not down. As soon as lenders and bor wlll decline. In other words, because of the wliich may be prosecuted in a court Qf ti?-e rowers see that kind of money growth com huge deficits, we have a lower rate of cap United States, or ing, they will start to crank higher inflation ital formation and thus slower economic ... (2) carries a firearm unlawfully during estimates into their calculations. Mr: Ture growth in future years. Assuming. that the the commission of any felony which may be expects the Fed to monetize the bulk of the deficits cannot be reduced, this is the small- prosecuted in a court of the United States. or deficit, for example, and talks in terms of a est price we can possibly pay. . : "(3) uses a firearm to commit any felony, prime rate l:>f 20 % by the end of ·1976. ·The ~-ha.lptoblem is 1976, or wheneyer . r~- 0~ catrles a fii~arm. unlawfully_ duri:n~ the LV1arch _13, 1975 ~ l : 4 ' EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6655 commission of any felony, which use or-carry tional agencies for students who -reside ·purpose, especially as it relates to cate- , lug fol' said purpose is unlawful according to with a parent employed on Federal prop gory B students. Because of legislative the law of the State in which it occurp, shall, erty. Children of taxpaying Federal amendments resulting in greater eligibil in addition to the punishment provided for the com.m.is:sion of such felony, be sentenced workers should be treated the same as ity, it has become a costly pork barrel. to a term of imprisonment for not less than the children of non-Federal workers. The 1975 appropriation provides $636.- one year nor more than ten yea1·s. In the case Federal workers pay taxes on the same 016,000 to fund this program and the en of his second or subsequent conviction under basis as non-Federal workers. titlements for 1975 are estimated at this subsection, such person shall be sen In addition to being unfair and dis $1,053,100,000, including $268,000,000 tenced to a term of imprisonment for not criminatory, it is inequitable to reimburse for low-rent housing pupils. Of the $636,- less than two nor more than twenty-five school districts on the basis of the num 016,000 appropriated for 1975, it is esti years and, notwithstanding any other pro vision of law, the court shall not suspend ber of children of taxpaying Federal mated $355,000,000 will be paid for cate the sentence in the case of a second or sub workers enrolled. Why should taxpayers gory B students. Of the $574,416,000 ap sequent conviction of such person or give in areas without Federal workers be propriated for this program in 1974, him a probationary sentence, nor shall the forced to subsidize part of th~ cost of $314,000.000 went to subsidize category B term of imprisonment imposed under this public education in areas with taxpaying students. subsection run concurrently with any term Federal workers? Is it equitable for the Our last five Presidents, representing of imprisonment imposed for the commission Federal Government to pay large sums both the Democrat and Republican par· of such felony.". of money to wealthy school districts who ties, have been strongly opposed to sec SEc. 2. Section 924 of t itle 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end often can reduce their property tax rates tion 3(b) of Public Law 81-874. thereof the following new subsection: at the expense of other school districts Since its inception in 1950, this has "(e) Whoever acquires any firearm'in vio-' equally deserving and some even desper been a highly popular program of fund la.tion of any law of the United States, a ately in need of the funds simply on the ing with those school administrators State, or a political subdivision thereof, shall basis of whether or not they have among whose school districts and Members of be imprisoned not less than one year nor their taxpayers Federal employees? Congress whose congressional districts more than ten years. Notwithstanding any Let me be more specific on this point. receive the financial benefits of the pro other provision of law, the court shall not in suspend the sentence of a person convicted In 1974, Montgomery County, Md., which gram. In 1974, school districts about under this subsection or give such person ranks third in per capita income na 410 congressional districts received funds a probationary sentence, nor shall the term tionally and second in median family in from this source. This wide' participa of imprisonment imposed under this subsec come, received $6,148,000 for category B tion of congressional districts in the tion run concurrently with any term im children-students of taxpaying· Federal fruits of the program may be a factor · posed with respect to the illegal acquisition employees-and $84,818 for category A in its massive _growth and continuation, of such firearm." children--students of nontaxpaying but the program must be justified on its Federal employees. It is estimated that merits. Montgomery County, Md., will receive The large number of congressional dis $7,043,848 for category B children and tricts receiving school funding from this INTRODUCTION OF A BILL $96,750 for category A children in 1975. program can be misleading. The funds Fairfax County, Va., which is fourth in are by no means uniformly distributed HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD median income nationally, received $12,- and most congressional districts get very oF MICHIGAN 679,382 for category B children and small amounts. Of the total payments of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESE. NTATIVES $l,215,886 for category A children in $574,416,000 in 1974, 10 percent of the 1974. The estimated amount ·Fairfax estimated 410 congressional districts Thursday, Ma1·ch ·13, 1975 County, Va., will receive for categocy B receiving payments received $255,751,000. Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker. Pub- children in 1975 is $13,543,284 and for Or, 10 percent of the congressional dis lie Law 81-874 authorizes Federal finan- category A children the estimate is tricts receiving furids from this source 'cial assistance for the maintenance and · $1,449,149. Arlington County, Va., which received 44.5 percent. Consequently, the operation of local school districts in ·has the No. 1 rating nationally ·in per taxpayers of some congressional districts which enrollments are. affected by Fed_. capita income, was given $1,937,164 for on the receiving end of this program are eral activities. Section 3 (c) of this law category B children in 1974 and $208,179 contributing more than they get and are authorizes appropriations for payments for category A ·children. The estimated subsidizing districts more a:ftluent with to eligible local school districts which amount Arlington County, Va., will re· Federal employees. · provide public education to children who ceive in 1975 is $1,978,747 for category B I realize the adverse effect instant cut live on Federal property with a parent children and $195,604 for category A off of all payments for category B might employed on Federal property (section children. have on some schools, especially those 3(a) children); and to children who These three counties are suburbs of receiving large· amounts. To alleviate this, either live on Federal property or reside Washington, D.C., and are among the my bill provides for the phasing out of with a parent employed on Federal prop- wealthiest counties in the United States. payments. This will give school districts erty-section 3(b) children. Most of the Federal employees living and sufficient time to find alternate sources The bill I am introducing today re- paying taxes in these counties commute of replacement revenue. lates only to section 3(b) of this law, to their jobs in the District of Columbia. More and more Americans are becom ' category B, as it is commonly called. The I do not accept either the "tax loss" ing concerned about the spending habits 1purpose of my bill is to phase out pay- theory or the "service burden" justifica of their Federal Government. The pha.s ments to school districts based upon the tion for category B Federal payments. ing out of payments on the basis of 3 (b) number of students of taxpaying Fed· The service burden of providing educa of-Public Law 81-874, as my bill provides, eral employees working on Federal prop- tion for children of Federal workers is will be an excellent example of respon erty. It seems to me inappropriate and no greater than for . children of non sibility in Federal Government spending. irresponsible .for the Congress to con- Federal workers. In fact, Federal em · The bill follows: tinue to make -payments for this cate- ployees represent a total financial asset H .R. 4835 g·ory of students. Neither logic nor the to the school district rather than a Iia A bill to amend the Act of September 30, economy justifies it. , bility, even in those instances where .the 1950 (Public Law 874,, Eigh,ty-first Con At a time when Federal appropriations Federal property upon which they work gress) to provide for the phasing out of for elementary and secondary .edtlcation is in the school district and .exempt from · certain entitlements of local .educational are generally insufficient fully ·serve taxation. The. presence of Federal prop agencies based upon the number of chil- to . dren of persons who reside or work on all· educational needs, it is essential that erty has offsetting assets. Federal acti Federal property we establish funding priorities in: public vity in an area generally stimulates other Be it enacted by the Senate and House education. Clearly, there should be pro- economic activity, increases the average of Representatives of the United States of grams that have higher priority justifica- · income of the people in the area, and .America in Congress assembled, That (a) tion than payments under section 3(b) creates demand for additional nongov- section 3 (b) of the Act of September 30, of Public Law 81-874. ernmental services. 1950 (Public Law 874, Eighty-first Oon gress (hereinafter in this Act referred to It is unfair and discriminatory to pro- This program of impact aid to school as the "Act") is amended by adding at the vide financial assistance for local educa- districts has gone far beyond its intended end thereof the following new paragraph: 6656 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 13, 1975_ "(2) (A) In making determinations under However, Fortnightly and TelePromp liability theories, systems in noncontigu paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Com Ter do not directly address the unusual missioner shall- ous areas may stand on a different foot " (1) for the fiscal year ending June SO, situation that exists in areas beyond the ing than systems located within the 1976, reduce by 25 percent the number o1 boundary of the 48 contiguous States. boundary of the 48 contiguous States. chUdren counted with respect to any local The distance in the cases of, for example, Unless and until legislation such as s. educational agency; Guam and Alaska, requires some tele 1361 is passed, the proposed legislation "(11) for the tlsca.l year ending September vision programs to be taped o:ff the air will insure that cable systems in noncon 30, 1977, reduce by 50 percent the number ot within the 48 contiguous States and tiguous areas are not treated differently such children counted; and then physically transported over long under our copyright laws from those lo "(Ui) for the fiscal year ending September distances to the cable system. Cable sys so, 1978, reduce by 75 pe1·cent the number of cated elsewhere. It is contemplated that such chUdren counted. tems in these distant areas provide the the proposed legislation would be super "(B) No determination may be made by exact service as do their counterparts seded by any legislation enacted provid the Commissioner under this subsection, for within the 48 contiguous States, except ing for compulsory licenses and copyright the purpose of computing the amount to that the means of obtaining all or some payments for cable systems including which a local educational agency is entitled of the programs is different. These dis those in noncontiguous areas that tape under this section, for any fiscal year begin· tant cable systems have been subject to television programs. ning after the close of September 30, 1978.". lawsuits by copyright holders who claim (b) Section 3 (b) of the Act 1s amended The proposed legislation is similar to ( 1) by inserting " ( 1) " immediately before a distinction between the service pro other remedial legislP.tion passed by the "For the purpose"; vided by cable systems that receive sig Congress to resolve inequities resulting (2) by redesignating paragraph (1) nals off the air or by microwave and from court decisions which specifically through paragraph (3), as subparagraph (A) those that tape programs. applied to one party and not others con through subparagraph (C), respectively; It appears that the lawsuits brought ducting business under similar circum (3) by striking out "(A) " the first place thus far have been settled by the various stances, for example, Public Law 87-331. it appears therein and inserting in lieu there· parties involved; but the need for clari That law was passed to pennit the pool of "(i) "; fying legislation still exists. The simple (4) by striking out "(B)" the first place ing of funds received from a television it appears therein and inserting in lieu there reason is that existing agreements or network by the National Football League. of "(11) "; and settlements: Such pooling had been barred by a court (5) by striking out "July 1" each place it First. Have not removed the fear of decision determining the arrangement to appears therein and inserting in lieu thereof lawsuits and have thus intimidated some be violative of the antitrust laws, a deci "October 1". systems from requesting pennission from sion which did not run against the Amer SEc. 2. (a) Section 3(d) (1) (B) (ili) of the the Federal Communications Commis ican Football League. Legislation was Act 1s amended by striking out "clause (3) sion to provide additional programs to passed in order that the situation with of subsection (b) " and inserting in lleu their subscribers; thereof "subsection (b) (1) (C)". respect to pooling would be the same for (b) Section S(d) (1) (B) (tv) of the Act is Second. Bind only the particular the two leagues. amended by striking out "clauses ( 1) and parties to the settlements; The proposed legislation is not in (2) (A) of subsection (b)" and inserting in Third. Do not cover all the television tended to confer any greater rights in lieu thereof "subsection (b) (1) (A) and sub programs transmitted by the cable sys the systems affected than those enjoyed section (b) (1) (B) (i) ". tems in question; by systems in the 48 contiguous States. (c) Section 3(d) (1) (B) (v) of the Act Js Fourth. Do not eliminate the need for Thus, systems taping programs in the amended by striking out "clause (2) (B) of a multitude of separate negotiations with subsection (b) " and inserting in Ueu thereof noncontiguous areas would be subject to "subsection (b) (1) (B) (11)". copyright holders, many of whom are un any applicable Federal Communications (d) Section S(d) (2) (C) (i) of the Act is known to the systems; Commission rules or regulations, includ amended by striklng out •• (b) (3)" and in Fifth. Do not eliminate the potential ing requirements for certificates of com serting in lieu thereof " (b) ( 1) (C) ". for cumulative demands for payment, re pliance and any other regulatory pro (e) Section 3 (e) of the Act is amended by sulting in excessive fees that would un visions the Commission may apply. for striking out "subsection (b) (2) (A)" and dermine the economic viability of the example, as to the number and classifica inserting in lieu thereof "subsection (b) (1) systems-this problem is particularly tion of stations carried and the protec (B) (i) ". acute in light of the unequal bargaining tion that must be afforded local stations. position of the systems compared to that H.R.- of the networks and other copyright A bill for the amendment of the copyl"ight INTRODUCTION OF NONCONTIGU holders; law, title 17 of the United States Code OUS AREA CABLE TELEVISION Sixth. Do not require all copyright Be it enaetea by the Senate ana House STATION LEGISLATION holders to give consent or to negotiate. of Representatives of the Un~tecl. States None of these problems is now faced by of America in Congress assembled., That Title systems located in the 48 contiguous 17 of the United States Code, entitled HON. ANTONIO BORJA WON PAT States. "Copyrights", is hereby amended by adding OF GUAM The systems in noncontiguous areas new section 101 (f) to read as follows: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (f) For all the purposes of the provisions recognized the principle of reasonable of this Title dealing with infringements of Thursday, March 13, 1975 copyright payments and supported the copyright, including criminal prosecution passage of S. 1361 in the Senate. S. 1361 pursuant to section 104 of this Title, a per Mr. WON PAT. Mr. Speaker, the pro subjected cable television, for the first son shall not infringe or have infringed the posed legislation will clarify the question time, to payment of specified copyright copyright in any work protected under the of copyright liability of cable television fees under a compulsory license. The copyright laws of the United States who, .systems located in any State, territory, compulsory license would be the equiv ( 1) for the purpose of transmission on a trust territory, or possession not within alent of copyright consent without the noncontiguous area cable television system, the boundary of the 48 contiguous States. has made or shall cause to be made, or has necessity of obtaining consent for each transmitted or shall cause to be transmitted. This legislation is needed unless and un program from each copyright holder. In til copyright legislation dealing with all a videotape of a television program or pro other words, copyright holders, by virtue grams broadcast by one or more television cable television systems is enacted. of having authorized television stations stations licensed by the Federal Communi Ordinarily, a cable television system to broadcast their material, would be cations Commission; and when after the en takes broadcast television signals out of deemed to have also consented to cable actment of this subsection: the air, or receives them via microwave carriage. (i) the videotape is transmitted no more and moves them along its lines to sub s. 1361 included the so-called Stevens than one time, without deletion of any ma scribers. The Supreme Court has held amendment which provided for compul terial including commercials, on any such that cable systems taking signals off the sory licenses and copyright payments by system; and air or receiving them via microwave do (11) an owner or officer of such facWty systems in most noncontiguous areas. If erases or destroys, or cause~ the erasure or not violate the present copyright law. s. 1361 had been enacted into law, the destruction of such videotape; and Fortnightly v. United Artists Television, proposed legislation would be unneces (111) subject to the provisions of subpara Inc., 392 U.S. 390 <1968) ; and Tele sary. Because of the uncertainty as to graph (2) of this subsection, on or before PrompTer Corp 1. Columbia Broadcast the applicabillty of Fortnightly and Tele the end of each calendar quarter, an owner ing System, 415 u.s. 394 (1974>. Pl'OmpTer or other untested copyright or officer of such system executes an affidaVit ~arch 13, ).975 EXTENSIO~S OF REMARKS 66571 attesting to the erasure or destruction of all era veterans has always been higher than efforts of the Federal Government be made such vitieotapes made or used during the that for nonveterans. to alleviate and to eventually eliminate this preceding quarter; and The reason for this is uncertain. Per unacceptable inequa.lity, there should be (iv) said owner or officer places or causes haps, a disproportionate number of vet created in the Department of Labor an office said affidavit, or the affidavit received pur of Assistant Secretary for Veterans Employ suant to Section 101 (f) (2) (11) of this Title, erans are from minority groups, un ment. to be placed in a file, open to public Inspec skilled, disabled, or otherwise handi SEC. 2. Section 2 of the Act of Aprill7, 1946 tion, at such system's main office in the com capped in their job hunting. But~ what is (29 U.S.C. 553), is amended- munity where the transmission is made or certain, even if the cause is not, is that (!) by striking out "five offices" and in in the nearest community where such sys by the end of 1974 the unemployment serting in lieu thereof "six offices"; and tem maintains an office. rate for veterans in the 20 to 24 age (2) by inserting immediately before the (2) Nothing herein shall prevent any such group was 15.6 percent, compared to 10.4 period at the end of such section the follow system, pursuant to written contract, from ing: ", and one shall be an Assistant Sec transferring the videotapes to another such percent for nonveterans in that same age group. In January of 1975, that figure retary of Labor for Veterans Employment". system provided that: SEc. 3. Such Assistant Secretary shall be (i) said written contract is placed in the soared to 19.7 percent versus 11.6 per- compensated at the rate provided for Level file, open to public inspection, required here . cent for nonveterans aged 20 to 24. under; and IV of the Executive Schedule under section The unemployment situation is . even 5315 of title 5, United States Code. ;1 (ii) the last such facUlty transmitting the more critical for disabled veterans. Are programs shall comply wlth the provisions port recently completed for the Man of Section 101 (f ) (1) (ti) -(iv) of this Title, and shall power Administration of the U.S. Depart (iii) provide a copy of the affidavit re ment of Labor concluded that disabled BICENTENNIAL FEVER SPREADS quired hereunder to each such system mak veterans under 30 had a disproportion ACROSS UNITED STATES ing a pre-vious transmission of the same vid ately high rate of unemployment, with eotape. the highest rate of unemployment to be (3) As used in this subsection, the follow found among young, nonwhite and sin HON. M. CALDWELL BUTLER ing terms and their variant forms mean the OF VIRGINIA folloWing: gle disabled veterans with less than 12th (i) a "transmission" is the distribution grade educations. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by a noncontiguous area cable television To alleviate this situation, the Labor Thursday, March 13, 1975 system of a videotape to its subscribers and Department report calls for "persistent is the equivalent of the carriage of broad and skilled job development and job Mr. BUTLER. Mr. Speaker, as a mem cast signals for all the purposes of the ru1es placement efforts • * • on behalf of dis ber of the American Revolution Bicen and regulations of the Federal Communica abled veterans," while commenting that tennial Administration Policy Board, I tions Commission. even with Government assistance efforts would like to share the following article (ii) a "noncontiguous axea cable televi with my colleagues. The article is en sion system" is a facility located in any state, unemployment will remain at a high rate territory, trust territory, or possession not among disabled Vietnam-era veterans. titled "Bicentennial Fever Spreads A~ross within the boundary of the forty-eight con Statistically demonstrated trends United States" which appeared in the tiguous continental s't.ates, that receives sig among severely disabled veterans under Washington Post on February 16, 1975, nals transmitted or makes or obtains video 30 are: first# very high unemployment; by Margot Hornblower. The article gives tapes of programs broadcast by one or more second, employment in jobs at low end of a good example of the types of projects television broadcast stations licensed by the pay scale, or paid a lesser wage for equal that are happening in the United States Federal Communications Commission and work done by nonhandicapped persons; and the different groups that are par delivers such signals or programs by wires, ticipating in the Bicentennial: cables, or other communications channels to and third, many "have become so dis subscribing members of the public who pay couraged by lack of work or work oppor BICENTENNIAL FEVER SPREADS ACROSS for such service. tunities that they have dropped out of UNITED STATES (iii) A "videotape" is the reproduction of the job market entirely., (By Margot Hornblower) the images and sounds of a program or pro Since Public Law 93-508 provided, In Sitka, Alaska, population 3,370, a small grams, including commercials, broadcast by among other things, that the Secretary museum is putting together an exhibit on a television statiGn licensed by the Federal of Labor shall establish "definitive per the life of Tlingit Indians in 1776 with a Communications Commission, regardless of formance standards" to determine if the grant from the National Endowment for the the nature of the material objects, such as provisions of laws to assist veterans are Arts. tapes or motion pictures, in which the re In Tallahassee, Fla.,, the state Bicentennial production is embodied. being met, it is only appropriate that commission h .as designed a trail linking and there be an office within the Department ma.rking 100 historic Florida sites from st. to administer that oversight responsi Augustine to the Kennedy Space Center. bility, with the added stature of an as In Alexandria, Va., a decrepit Greek .revival JOBS FOR VETERANS sistant secretaryship to demonstrate building has been restored to house a Bi the importance that this Congress at centennial center and an exhibit on the taches to this critical unemployment settling of Northern Virginia by tobacco HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN situation. farmers. OJ' NEW YORK This bill has the support of the Amer Across the United States, in big cities and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES small towns, people are writing books. ican Legion and the DAV, and I urge the mounting exhibits, restoring houses, re Thursday, March 13, 1975 support by all of my colleagues. I insert enacting battles, organizing conferences, Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, I rise today the full text of the bill at this point in planting trees, setting up child care centers the RECORD: and planning festivals and fireworks, all 1n to introduce a b1U that would create H.R. 4905 honor of the nation's 200th anniversary in within the Department of Labor, an As A bill to establish an office of Assistant Sec 1976. sistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans retary of Labor for Veterans Employment With the Bicentennial year only 10 months Employment. away, the ferment of activity is swinging into Be it enacted by the Senate and House of As you know, Mr. Speaker, the entire fu11 gear. The critics are still around-those Nation at this time is highly concerned Representatives of the Vnited States of who say we're doing too much or too little with the continuous rise in unemploy America in Congress assembled~ That the is being done, that there 1s nothing to cele Congress hereby finds and declares- brate or that the celebrating is the wrong ment. The national unemployment rate (!) that while unemployment has threat for January of 1975 was 8.2 percent, the way. ened the health and welfare of millions of The odds are against them in what is highest point recorded over the entire Americans in recent months, it has caused shaping up to be an enormous, spontaneous, post-World Warn: period. And if that 1s particu1arly widespread and egregious hard democratic, colorful and confusing explo not ominous enough, the latest projec ships among America's young Vietnam era sion of Bicentennial energy. tions from the Secretary of Treasury veterans, reaching a level of 19.7 percent for There are .Bicentennial coordinators and himself is a startling 9 percent by the end veterans 20 to 24 years of age; projects in almost every agency of the U.S. of the year. (2) that the difference between the em government. There are Bicentennial commis ployment rates of -v.etera.ns and nonvetera.ns sions with .orga.nlzed programs in the 50 As alarming as that sounds, it is a fact appears to be widening, despite various -edu that many veterans are su1fering an even states and the District of Columbia; ln Puerto cational and emploJDlent efforts by Federal Rico, Gua.m and American Samoa; 1n about greater rate of unemployment. The un and State governments; and employment rate ant'Ong young Vietnam- 2,400 cities, towns and counties across the (3) that in. order to insure that the best United States; on 10 Indian reservations .and j 66~ . EXT.ENSIQNS. OF REMARKS · March .13, .'1.9.75·( in 22 foreign co~ntries from Australia to How do we m~ke - our cities more livable? Fo~;n~~ti on grant .o.f $500,00.0, -is pub)ishing . Israel. How can we bes~. protect and tmhance our . 25 ;vo~1,1mes of ~tters of t~e Delegates to Thousands of corporations, unions, volun env.ironment? How can we assure the right~ . Cong:res_!3,, ~ 774-1789. • .. .. . · teer organizations, foundations, schools and of all our citizens? What should be the na Stat,e , .and local activities are even more unive.rsities, religious groups and ethnic ture of our economiQ system and the role nu.merpu~ and varied than · u.s .. projects. groups are sponsoring Bicentennial projects. of gpvernment? . . 4~ e,xpected, such centers of. colonia~ ac If one were to add up the money spent by Jeremy Rifkin, head of t~e nonprofit tivity _as Boston, . Phila~elphia and :N,ew York; federal, local and foreign governments, by People's Bicentennial Commission, also calls are mounting prodigious celebratJons. corporations and by nonprofit organizations, for a new revolution based on social reform. But, as Warner remarked after a visit t o the total price tag for the Bicentennial would The comparison with. Rockefeller ends there. open im agricultural. museum in Stu.t tgart, be in the hundreds of millions of dollars. The basis of Rifkin's revolution would be to Ark.,, ~nd a mining museum in Cent.ennial, A huge last-minute effort to pull together "destroy the power.of the Rockefellers, Mel Wyq. '~ The absence of histo~ic linkage to the all the disparate elements of the Bicenten Ions and Duponts." American Revolution has proved no qeter nial will be staged at the Washington Hilton He calls for "a rededicat ion to the demo ren t to the participation. of mos.t com- next week. More than 1,000 federal', state and· cratic principles of the Declaration of Inde munities." . looal officials, corporate executives and reli pendence, the Constitution and· the Bill of Louisiana, Texas and Michigan rank sec gious and educational group members have Rights·." He declares t his would involve on d , t hird and fourth after Massachusetts in been invited to report on their programs in breaking up the monopoly of large corpora-: the n umber of communities with Bicenten a national conference to an.swer the ques tions and redistributing the country's n ial commissions a~d .prograp15·. . t ion, "What is the Bicentennial?" wealth. · · · There are local endeavors of local signifi Since planning first began for the com Rifkin, a young man with a flair for pub cance: Greensburg, La., is restorfng an oict memoration about 10 years ago, the rhetoric licity, has received extensive press c.overage jail ~or a m~seum; ~h~ Bicentennial steering associated with the Bicen tennial has been for his group. PBC claims affiliates in 25 committee of Moody, Tex., is ..planning , .a expansive. states. It has an "annual budget of $200,000 genealogical study of Moody fll:milies; Ma Only two months ago, President Ford de raised from foundations, individual con-.. comb Township, Mich., ha$ a plan to p'aint clared in a speech: "I see the Bicentennial tributions and government grants. · The its mailboxes red, white an~ blue, . · . of 1976 as a rebirth as well as a b~rthday-a group publishes a regular newspaper, educa And there are extravagan? ant Secretary for Legislation with the ::'UZZY PICTURE Congressional leaders in education must Department of Health, Education, and Top educators in the executive branch are meet regularly with their executive branch Welfare, in a recent issue of The Chris perceived as not possessing sufficient clout. counterparts. The White House must stop tian Science Monitor, has done a great Instead of coequJ.l branches of government considering such meetings as "traffic with the favor for those of us concerned with the (executive and legislative) negotiating to enemy." Congress must be more compas gether· about what needs to be done, asso sionate and helpful in trying to understand Nation's Federal education programs. ciation officials and congressmen me.ke "mu the problems of the executive agencies whose He has put into sharp perspective sic" together while the executive branch job it is to carry out congressional mandates. some of the real and vexing problems seems to hear a different tune-or no music Similarly, the executive must heed both tl1e which have most concerned those of us at all. letter and the intent of the law. who care deeply about the Federal role There is no clear perception of what the OPERATIONAL STYLE in education, and it seems to me that federal role in education should be. The pic Hence, accommodation and honest nego we should pay close attention to the sug ture appears equally fuzzy to educators, leg tiation must replace confrontation and re gestions Dr. Halperin makes. islators, and members of the executive crimination as the operational style of our I would commend the article to my branch. For example: Should federal re principal educational leaders. Then, and only sources be used to promote equity, capital then, can there come about a creditable fed· colleagues in both House and Senate who building, innovations, or diversity? Should eral role in education. serve on the education subcommittees; the focus be on one particular segment of to those in the executive branch with the population or on all in equal amounts? whom we seek to reach accord on mat The consequences of this triple break down-of clear national purpose, of funda ters of legislative difference; and to those NATIONAL MEDICAL INJURY COM 1n educational interest groups who are mental trust, and of parity among the concerned with making the legislative branches of government-result in frustra PENSATION INSURANCE process work more effectively. tion, petulance, arrogance, waste, demoraH zation, none of which is good for educational I should also like to point out and ap affah·s in this great nation. HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN plaud Dr. Halperin's excellent leader OF MAR.YLANI) STUDIES MANDATED ship in helping bring together our edu IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cation leaders and key Government of What happens because of this? Congress legislates new authorizations that Thursday, March 13, 1975 ficials through the educational staff vastly exceed appropriations-a frustration seminru-s and in other ways, as well: for all concerned. Often the promises are fol Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, a crisis TOP EDUCATION NEED: RESTORED CONFI lowed by no action. in health care of such magnitude that DENCE-RELATIONS HAVE BECOME STRAINED Congressional appropriations committees the Federal Government must respond BETWEEN POLITICIANS, EDUCATORS regularly reorder the priorities written into has been created by recent increases in (By Samuel Halperin) law by authorizing committees. Dozens of the cost of medical malpractice insur WASHINGTON.-The United States' first special studies are mandated by Congress, ance. The cry for such a response is being priority in educational affairs is the restora but staff and funds seldom are provided :!or carrying out the studies. heard from citizens in my own State of 'iion of public confidence in our educational Maryland and across the Nation. In processes-in their integrity and e1Hcacy. Further, Congress demands that the exec And we can expect little p1·ogress in over utive branch be diligent in the monitoring of Maryland, a dispute between the State coming our national educational deficit untn programs in the .field and then (often with Insurance O>mmissioner and the St. Paul a credible federal role in education has been the encouragement of educational interests) Fire and Marine Insurance Co. resulted restored. cuts executive branch staff and travel fUnds in the announcement by the insurance It was only a few short yea1·s ago that the to such a low level that failure is inevitable. company that it was withdrawing from situation was entirely different. Then, edu Congressional leaders regularly call for ac the medical malpractice insurance field cational spokesmen could come before polit countability and cost-effectiveness, while si in the State of Maryland. About 90 ~ultaneously slashing funds for evaluation ical decislonmakers and proclaim: "Give us percent of the physicians in the State the tools [legislation and financial backing) and fundamental research about teaching and we will do the job." and learning. are covered by this company. To date. Then politicians confidently woUld assure When the executive branch fails to perform the insurance commissioner and the educators that they believed In them; that up to congressional expectations, often the State Medical Society has succeeded only they were the "keystone in the arch of free result is prescriptive and even punitive leg in extending coverage until April of this dom." islation. Timing, too, is a problem. Before year. The crisis of these burdensome in LOUD COMPLAINTS the education community can understand, surance rates and the effect it may have But today, the dialogue between politicians much less implement. guidelines and regu lations, they are changed and new guidelines on patient care shows nb sign of abating. and educators ranges from nonexistent to Today, I am introducing a bill to estab acrimonious. are given. Personnel p1·oblems are equally debilitat lish a Federal system of compensation Education today is not a significant na for injuries received in Ule course of tional priority. And elected officials feel free ing. Top education bureaucrats, despairing of to condemn many of the best efforts of edu prog~·ess, come and go, seldom lasting the medical treatment. The .crisis could be cators as "disasters" and the administrators length of a single congressional session. New abated in that under my bill any perspn themselves as "dolts." For their part, the executive appointees, with bursts of ardor to who received such an injury would auto educators complain long and loud that "straighten out the mess," reorganize their matically be compensated for the unrea agencies~ which had just been reorganized in there is a disastrous fall-out in political as sonable delay entailed by having to prove wen as popular support for schooling. this annual or semi-annual ritual. Even funding cycles are not in harmony. that his doctor had been negligent or in . At the national decisionmaking level rela volve himself in the difficult task of tionships between the executive and legisla The vagaries of appropriations seldom mesh tive branches are sorely strained. The same with the funding patterns of state or local bringing a malpractice suit. This ap can be said of the relationships between educational agencies. This causes a loss o! proach to medical injures is a clearly de educational interests and the government as rational planning and almost guarantees sirable alternative to the existing tort well as among the various educational asso wasteful end-of-the-year, oif-the-top-of-the system of malpractice law from the eiations themselves. Periodic ruptures are the head spending. standpoint o:f doctors and patients alike-. rule, not the exception. What can be done to restore public con fidence in those who m.ake the vital decisions However, until recently, Federal in TRUST EVAPORATED affecting our nation's educational institu volvement regarding medical malpractice Only the presence of a handful of able tions? has been limited to factfinding and the and well-motivated leaders in the Congress NO "QUICKIE" ANSWERS convening of those involved in the and in national educational associations To be sure, there are no "quickie" answers. medical malpractice pr.oblem to help keeps alive any semblance of mutual interest What Is needed .first is a realization on all them deal with the immediate problem and common destiny. sides that the present situation is intolerable. of tht availability of medical malpractice At the risk of overstating the case. let me That all parties have contributed to the insu. ·ance. The problem which became cite some examples of this painful and da breakdown and should participate in the bilitating state of affairs among those who healing. And that finger-pointing and accu apparent in the early seventies and should be the leaders not the destroyers of sations are counterproductive. reached .crisis levels by the end of 1974 educational progress: Mutual concessions and mutual labors did, indeed, bring the Department of Fundamental trust largely has evaporated. must prevail. Health, Education. and Welfare into the Incumbents describe their counterparts In However, improved institutional mecha picture. Secr3ta1·y Weinberger. noting other agencies, education associations, and nisms can emerge only when effective that a number of carriers of medical branches of government as devious or even dialogue has been restored. When a sense of malpractice insurance were threatening dishonest. common destiny has been reestablished. to pull out of certain states, urged that 6664 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Mat·ch 13, 1975 Insurance.companies ''take n,o pr~cipitous First. When the House considered this 75-131-entitled '·'Effectiveness of the Fi action which would deny .coverage to legislation in the 93d Congress it agreed nancial Disclosm·e System for Employ physicians." However, more needs to be to my amendment which prohibited all ees· of the U.S. Geological Survey," the done. Many have come to realize the surface coal mining in area$ of the na Geological Survey has uniformly inter need for the scope of the legislation I am tional park, the national wildlife refuge, preted the above statute to mean that-- offe1 ·ng today. and the wilderness systems; and prohib No USGS employee may owu an interest, in Specifically, my bill, the National Med ited surface coal mining in the national oil or mlniug enterprises. ical Injury Compensation Insurance Act forest and wild and scenic river systems, Despite this, the GAO found, page 5: of 1975, would establish a no-fault sys except where such mining exists on the A supervisory mining engineer has owned tem of compensation similar to work date of enactment, and except where the stock since 1968 in seven mining companies man's compensation. It would cover in deeds conveying the lands to the United (four operating in the United States and jury sustained dming the delivery of States reserved the coal and permitted three in foreign oountries). health care. Under the bill, the Secre such mining, with the added proviso that A supervisory petroleum engineer in New tary of Health, Education, and Welfare such mining would be subject to the reg Mexi~ has owned oil and gas interes ~s in would enter into contracts with health ulatory requirements of the bill. New Mexico and Texas since 1971. care providers, both professionals and in The conferees rewrote this section to An administrative geologist owned stock f!titutions, who choose to participate in 12 oomoa.ntes with oil or mining interests. permit the continuance of existing min A supervisory petroleum engineer, empow the program. The providers would pay ing operations in the national parks, ered t o stl pend oil company operations on an annual premium to a Medical In wildlife refuge, and wilderness system, leased lands if operations were ru:Yt properly .jury Compensation Fund and would and to permit ali. mining based on "valid conducte~. has owned sto.ck in Mobil Oil in turn receive no-fault coverage tor ·existing rights." That clause effectively Company, Standard Oil O'f California, and their patients as well as Federal medical negates the prohibition. Standard on of New Jersey since 1971. malpractice insUl·ance for themselves. The conferees also opened up the na In essence, the· GAO found that the For the duration of the provider's par tional grasslands to all surface mining. Interior Department is not effectively ticipati'on in the program, any· of his Mr. Speaker, H.R. 25 contains the con enforcing the 1879 law or the President's patients who sustaJned an injury as a: ference approach. It permits surface coal 1965 Executive Order 11222 on financial result of the provider's health services mining in wilderness, wildlife, and rec disclosure by Gover:runent employees, in would be entitled to file a claim with 'a reation areas and in the national gras s ~ part because the law and order have no Medical Injury Compensation In~urance lands. teeth. Incidentally, Congress has applied Adminintration in HEW. If his injury Indeed, I may vote a~ainst the bill if the 1879 law to the Bureau of Land Man were deemed treatment-induced, he. this provision is not changed on the agement (43 U.S.C. 31) and adopted a would be compensated for medical ex House floor. similar law (30 U.S.C. 6) for the Bureau penses, injury-related income loss, and I intend to uffer an amendment to of Mines. pain or inconvenience. The program close this loophole and bring the section I plan to offer an amendment which would, however, be a secondary insur back to the version adopted by the House will prohibit employees administering ance program; that is, any benefits the in the 93d Congress. I hope the commit this bill from having a financial interest patient received from the compensation tee will accept my amendment, so that I in coal mining operations, with one plans like health insurance, sick leave and my colleagues can support the bill. limited exception. It would let an em plan, or workman's compensation would Second. I will also offer an amend ployee hold up to a total of 100 shares of be deducted from the benefits due under ment to preclude surface coal mini~g stock in companies having interests, this program. Determinations would be within 300 feet of the outside boundaries direct or indirect, in coal mining opera-. made by the Secretary-who would be of these Federal areas. tions if such companies• stock is listed empowered to subpena any relevant wit The bill now provides such protection on a securities exchange registered with ness or materials. If appealed . by the. to dwellings-incidentally I understand the SecUl·ities and Exchange Commis patient, determinations would be reached" the term "owner" in section 522(e) (5) sion. The amendment would require through an administrative hearip~ or, of the bill to include lessees and tenants, that the Director of the new office of thereafter, by judicial review in the Fed-.. as well as the fee owner-public build Surface Mining Reclamation and En eral courts, If he chose to do so, the ings, public parks, roads, and so forth, forcement enforce this requirement and · · patient could still seek redress t:Qrough but not these Federal areas. Thus, the file an annual report to Congress on such medical injury compensation benefits. bill would permit surface coal mining enforcement. My amendment would also However, the initiation of one process right up to the boundary of a national provide a penalty for knowing violations either the no-fault or the malpractice' park or wilderness area, even in cases of this prohibition. process-would disqualify the claimant where it purports to prohibit mining If the Congress in 1879 believed such a from seeking recovery through the other. v:ithin such areas. This is not adequate prohibition essential then, imagine what Participating providers who were sued protection for these Federal areas. it would believe today in the light of re would be covered by Federal malpractice Third. I will offer a technical amend cent scandals. Insurance for damages awarded the ment to insure that the new Office of I want to prevent futw·e scandals. plaintiff. Surface Mining Reclamation and En Federal employees administering this Mr. Speaker, similar legislation has forcement will have its forms and ques law could hold stocks, etcetera, in many been offered in the Senate by Senators tionnaires approved by the General Ac corporations, but not those with coal INOUYE and KENNEDY. Together, we hope counting Office, rather than the Office of mining interests. I think this is appropri this type of legislative approach on a Management and Budget. The GAO is ate. Federal level can help meet .the crisis now doing this for a number of regula Fifth. I plan to offer an amendment of patient care and exorbitant cost of tory agencies pursuant to provisions we placing some, but. not all, of the respon medical malpractice insurance which af adopted in the 1973 Alaska-pipeline leg sibilities ·of this bill in the Environmental fect..c; physician ·and patient alike. islation. Protection Agency. For example, my FoUl'th. I will offer an amendment amendment would let Interior admin concerning the holding of any financial ister titles n and III of the bill, .as well DINGELL AMENDMENTS TO Ii.R. 25 interests in coal mines by employees ad- as those provisions relating to Indian ministering this Act. · lands. It would place the new Office in In 1879, Congress enacted 43 U.S.C. EPA and give the new Director the re HON. JOHN D. DINGELL 31, which states: sponsibility· for regulating surface min OF . MICHIGAN The Director and members of the Geologi- ing, but make it clear that the penalty IN THE HOUSE. OF REPRESENTATIVES ' cal Survey [of the Interior Department] provisions of the title V shall be admin shall have no personal or priv.ate interests in istered by the head of EPA. Some sec Thursday, Ma1·ch 13, 1975 : th~ lands or mineral w~th of the region tions of the bill, such as the citizen suit Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, 'H.R. 25, under survey, and shall execute no surveys provisions, would apply to EPA, Interior, as reported by the House Interior and or examinations for private parties 01' oorpo· and the new Office. Insular Affairs Committee is in many re rations. I have requested that my amendments spects a good bill. However, it has flaws According to a March 3, 1975, report be printed in the REcORD. I urge your which the House must correct. · by the Comptroller General-FPCD- support. ' March 13, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6665 WHY DEFICITS ARE DESTROYING of Carnegie-Mellon University. Each reports the last 25 years, the savings·ra.te has ranged JOBS, NOT CREATING THEM that, until he got the numbers down, he from 4.9% to 8.2%. To genera.t& an extra. could not believe things are as bad as they $35· billion it would have to leap to an im are. plausible 11%. HON. JAC{{ F. KEMP The crux of the matter is that when the Finally, the interest rates necessary to federal government borrows to cover its defi fo~ce savings up and investment down by OF NEW YORK cits, it competes with private borrowers who such an amount might themselves be high IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES need funds to invest in plant construction· enough to prevent a recovery. The effect on Thursday, March 13, 1975 and housing. Both government and private the housing sector, in particular, is entirely needs must be met from the savings pool, predictable. Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, the House of which consists of business savings (profits The long and short of the analysis 1s that Representatives voted yesterday to fund plus depreciation and other "capital con somewhere between a federal deficit of $50 a massive $5.9 billion public service jobs sumption allowances"), personal savings and billion and a federal deficit CJ! $80 billion program. inflows of foreign fUnds. Allowing for special the string snaps. To maintain the "account I opposed that bill. I did so because, factors and statistical error, the two totals ing Identity," you are all but forced to as will always be the same; this is the "ac sume the economy will unwind in one way among other reasons, of my firm belief counting identity." or another. You oan make the same kind of that out of control borrowing by the The problem is that if you plug some rea analysis not through "the National Income Federal Government to finance these sonable 1975 projections into this equation, Accounts as above, but through a difi'erent deficit nonbudgeted programs-will it is very hard to get the totals to come out "flow of funds" methodology. Sa.lomon "crowd out" or preempt the private credit equal. This suggests that as the heavy gov Brothers did this earlier in the ye·ar, com- a~d capital so necessary to housing mar ernment borrowings come on stream in the ing to this conclusion: kets and construction in general second half, the economy may well be in "The consequences of a U.S. budget deficit for some type of severe shock now only d.lmly substantially greater than the nearly $50 When Government borrows from the foreseen. A typical projection, with calendar billion estimated by us for calendar 1975 capital markets, it crowds out the mort year 1974 as a base, would look something should be clearly recognized. Such a deficit g~e money. Capital is diverted away like this: could be reasonably financed only if the from mortgages for home, commercial, BILLION DOLLARS e.conomlc contraction this· year is much and industrial construction. The result 1974: Invest.+ Deficit Eq. Bus. Sav. +Per. greater than we expect. Otherwise the budget to m· depressed construction and rising un Sav. + For~ Inv./208.9 + 5.9 Eq. 136.5 + deficit would either lead a vicious struggle employment. That unemployment starts 76.7 + 3.6. Total 214.8. Eq. total 216.8. for funds between private borrowers and the first · among those actually engaged on 1975: 205 + 70 Eq. 150 + 80 + 10. Total government, or the Federal Reserve would the sites, then works its way backward 275. Eq. 240. . have to supply funds without regard to itS through the manufacturers of materials Eq. means equals. long-range responsibilities. In any event, a First, a word about the estimates. Private larger than expected deficit would threaten used in construction-~rom electrical investment may fall ofi' more rapidly. but so economic recovery, despite the best inten wire to nails. · may corporate profits. Personal savings may tions of government, by crowding out me- Senator WILLIAM PROXMIRE of Wiscon be higher if the savings rate rises but will dium to lower rated borrowers, many of sin, the chail'man of the Senate Commit b~ .. lower if personal income falls. The net whom are already in peril, an~ mortgage tee on Banking, Housing and Urban Af inflow of foreign funds may increase, but borrowers as well, thus aborting recovery in fairS~ pointed out last August 22 the ef the above estimate already provides a trip housing activity." fect of this "crowding out" phenomenon. ling in a year's time. The estimate of a $35 Last week Walter W. Heller, a valued mem For every $10 billion taken in Federal billion gap 1s essentially a. conservative one, ber of our Board of Contributors, cited the and the question is, how wm this gap be Salomon Brothers analysis as reason not to borrowing, approximately 500,000 new closed? worry about crowding out. But by now the housing starts cannot begln for lack ·of Part of the gap-and in a sense the whole Salomon Brothers analysts are well a ware ~ortgage funds. That results in the di debate 1s over how much-will be filled by the deficit for calendar 1975 will be far above rect loss of over 1 million jobs and the the Federal Reserve. System's purchases of $50 billlon. The St. Louis Fed puts the calen indirect loss of over 2 million more. federal debt by in efi'ect printing up new dar year deficit at $62 billion merely on the By comparing those· statistics to the money. Over the course of' a normal year, basis of administration proposals, which in the Fed will buy federal securities, thus in cluded (on a fiscal year basis), $16 'billion bill considered yesterday-spending in· expencUture reductions and a tax ·cut of nearly $6 billion for public service jobs jecting reserves into the banking system and making the money supply grow. It's easy only'$16 billion. we can see how much that $6 billion enough to calculate roughly the relationship But .suppose for a minute that Mr. Heller drain from the capital markets will hurt between the Fed's purchases and money is right about 1975 and that the gap is filled employment. It will prevent about 300- growth. At a 6% growth in the narrowly by a happy combination of events. Suppose 00'0 Job starts from· getting off the defined money supply, the Fed would buy money growth is moderate. and the Fed ground this Spling, ·resulting in direct about $7 billion in new federal debt. If the takes up some debt. Falling inflation means unemployment c,>f about '600,000 and in Fed closes the gap by buying the whole $35 lower interest rates, and suppose this effect billion, the money supply would grow by is powerful enough that non-destructive rates direct unemployment of an additional can balance the supply and demand for 1.2 million~1.8 million altogether. . about 30% over a. year's time. Before we go one sentence further, let funds. There still remain two probrems: I~ simply does not make sense to jeop everyone understand that money growth any One 1s simply that private borrowers will ardize, then destroy, 1.8 million tax-gen thing like the latter figure will not only still be crowded out, that private investment erating productive jobs to create-at even rekindle inflation, but will make interest will decline. In other words, because .of ,the the best; most optimistic estimate- rates go up, not down. As soon as lenders huge deficits, we have a lower rate of capital 900,000 tax-consuming, essentially un- and bon·owers see that kind of money growth formation and thus slower economic growth productive jobs. · coming, they will start to crank higher in in future years. Assuming that the deficits flation estimates into their calculations. Mr. cannot be reduced, thfs is the smallest price . This crowding out effect was the sub we can possibly pay. Ject of an informative editorial in the Ture e~ects the Fed to monetize the bulk of the. deficit, for example, and talks in terms The final problem is 1976, or whenever W3:ll Street Journal of today. That edi recovery does get underway in earnest. At tonal reads as follows: · of a prime rate of 20% by the end of 1975. If the Fed pursues 1·easonably moderate that point, the investment needs of business CROWDING OUT money growth, the deficits will still make in and housing will go up, not down. If the Understanding the eco:p.omy ill. 1975, un terest rates rise, though not so astronomi government is by then still running $70 bll· fortunately for those of us with enough on cally. The normal operations of the m-arket lion deficits, this wm call for an even more our minds already, reqUires an understand would balance the equation through higher impossible-looking increase on the savings ing of an esoteric economic debate over interest rates, discouraging borrowing and side of the ledger. At that potnt, high deficits something called "crowding out." encouraging savings and foreign infiows. But will again' threaten to abort the recovecy. Treasury Secretary Simon sounded the first with a $35 billion gap to close, this implies This destruction of capital formation, exces guns in this debate by warning that financial interest rates that still ~lght be high sive monetization of debt and aborting of :markets cannot finance. both the .huge fed enpugh to ca':lse severe problems. real growth is essentially what has already happened in Great B1·itain. e~-a.~ deficit and the needs ofprivate borrow.. A drop in business investment below $205 ers. Some economists ~ave described his :rear l;>Hlion implies a JillUCh deeper economic de Yet Congress goes its happy way, adding as "hysterical." In a letter to The New York cl~ne than. so far predic~f! .. Even the pessi to expe~dlture!'f, increasing tax cuts. charting Times, six prestigious libet:al eeonomists said mistic predictions of the Council of Eco tax bills that discourage saving instead of the problem would be handled through. an n_bmic AdviserS looked for a. small increase encourage it, secure in the knowledge that "accounting identity." But in recent· weeks, not decrease, til private investment. . ~ the1·e is a recession on, and in that case Dr. independent analyses have been ·conducted Alt e1·natlve1y, the $80 blll1on in personal Keynes ~lways assured them tha.t bud.get by Norman B . . Ture~ · a. Washingtonr-based savings iS 'based on a savings rate of '7.9% ~eficits are a free lunch. Didn't he? . consulting economist, and Allan H. ·Meltzer of a disposable income of $1,049 billion. Over I commend this editorial to the atten- ·6666 EXTENSIONS OF· JiEMARK.s -·· Marc-h· 13~ 1975 tion of aU my colleagues, ·especially thoSe , disappointment over CongJ;'essJnan · John ently p~vides on the average more than who thought they we're actUally creating Brademas not fe~ling well enough to. be your 220,000 nutritious meals per day, five days a jobs when they voted for the public 'serv speaker. Congressman Brademas 1s the sen week in local community centers and 1n ice jobs bill yesterday. lor citizen's best friend 1n the House of. Rep homes for shut-ins. Federal spending does not create jobs. resentatives. Of course, while I am not the But, as good as the record is, you and I expert Mr. Brademas is, I am very proud to have a great deal more to do if we are to It erodes the base upon which construc serve on the Education Subcommittee he ensure that our Nation's senior citizens tive and productive jobs can b'e created. chairs. . realize the rich promise of their "golden ·I again want to quote Senator PROX· I want to commend Bob Ahrens who has years" and live out their lives in dignity. , MIRE: been doing a magnificent job as director of Just consider. some of these figures: One of the most persistent myths held the mayor's office for senior citizens. I was One quarter of the 21 million Americans by almost everyone in and out of the Con most impressed with the testimony Bob gave aged 65 and over are living in poverty. gress is that 1f we cut the mammoth in our subcommittee last month on the exten Another 5 million cannot afford the Bu"~ creases 1n Federal spending, then automati sion of the Older Americans Act. rea.u of Labor statistics "Intermediate Fam cally and without question unemployment I am confident those of you participating ily Budget" which is an inadequate $5,200 will increase. in this conference will come away with some annually for two people. . This myth-and it is just that, a myth; new tools and some new insights which will Nursing home facilities which serve over 1 lt is not true-has probably been as respon assist you in your professional development million senior citize;ns ~re often exorbitantly sible as anything else for the skyrocketmg as specialists and administrators in the· field expensive and many are of deplorable condi .growth of government over the past few of aging. tions. years. The idea has been that every· time · I am also very pleased to have the opportu Medicare covers only 42 % of the hospital · the Federal Government spends anot~er' . l~ nity to meet and talk with people who deal ization cos1_;6 of Americans aged 65 and over ~ or 20 thousand dollars it creates another job. on a daily basis with the problems of aging. Property 'taxes have increased 39% in the, The fact that that is not true should be We share a. common concern-a desire to 1~ four years ravaging. the budgets of el apparent to anyone who can add. In the past lift the level of life for more than 21 mil derly homeowners living on fixed incomes• 6 years the Federal budget has exploded· from· . lion of our fellow Americans who are 65 Not all of the prol;>le~ facing older Am~r~ $184 btllion to more than $805 billion. That • years and older. · · · · · ca.ns are a. result of benign neglect. For it dis colossal increase in spending should have re The topic I have been asked to speak on . tresses me deeply to report the plight of mil-, sulted in a corresponding. expansion in· jobs tonight is "Renewing the Older Americans lions of senior c~ti~e;ns acro~s the country. is and a reduction in unemployment.·Did it? · Act," which is most appropriate since Chair currently being compounded by the mis It is true the work force incre~ed and em man Bra.demas and my colleagues on the guided economic policies of the Ford ad.-, ployment in the econo.my grew. But far lf¥38 Education Subcommittee are in the process ministration. Indeed, this is the other major than it should have. Unemployment grew of doing just that. force to which I referred at the beginning of much more in proportion than jobs did. In Before I get to the specifics of the Older my remarks which may significantly influ-. deed after a break-neck expansion of Gov Americans Act, I would like to share with ence the extension of the Older Americans ernment spending we find unemployment you my view of the major forces at work Act.. which was 3.4 percent 5 years ago, now at 5.3 which will do much to shape the renewal I filoll,l certain you are all aware of the i~ percent. . of the Older Americans Act, as well as other credible burden that this administration is I predict that if we reduce the rate of in measures affecting the lives of elderly asking our Nation's elderly to bear. · crease in Federal spending, and do it in the Americans. · As our Nation endures its worst economic right areas-being sensitive to the employ I believe it is fair to say that during the crisis in 35 years, the administration is pro ment consequences of our action-that un last few years Congress has developed con posing to throw an even heavier burden on employment will not worsen as a result of siderable legislative momentum concerning the shoulders of the most vulnerable mem•. the slower rate of growth in Federal spend social service programs for the elderly. Tb,e bers of our. society wbo already pay a. signifi~ ing. · . . 92nd and 93rd Congresses wi,ll probably be · cant_pr ice both ili econom~c and in human 'Here is w~y: This year the Government. recorded as two of the gre~test Congresses terms. . · will run a $10 billion deficit. It will borrow for the Nation's senior eitizens. · The econointc proposals embodied in the, $10 billion and in doing so put more pressure Let me briefly cite some of the achieve President's 1976 budget not only spell hard· on high interest rates to stay high or go ments. Take retirement income as an ex sllip· for older Ainericans but for all of us as higher. ample. We all know inflation hits harciest well. The budget errs gravely in giving far If we cut spending by $10 billion ·a.rut bal at the elderly poor living on a fixed i:p.come. too much weight to the danger of further in-. ance the budget, the Federal' Govel,'nme~t It litera:Uy takes food from their mouths. fiation and not nearly enough weight to the.-: will not borrow that additional sum, and t-n·.. In the past 5 years, Congress has approved consequences. of four more years of intoler terest rates will begin to move down. · social security benefit increases totalling ably high levels of unemployment. Will that provide more jobs? Yes indeed. 68.5% with the most recent increase of 11% It is truly ironic . that President Ford is for 1974. And let me remind you, two years presiding over the deepest recession since. ago Congress wrote into the Social Security the Great Depression and he is now offering Act provisions to automatically increase a budget designed. to g~ve us th~ slowest pos,-, CONGRESSMAN TIM L. HALL AD:. sible recovery. As the well-known columnist., DRESSES SENIOR CITIZEN CON benefits as the cost of living increased. · Also in the list of accomplishments ~f the Joseph Kraft, noted, "it is a case of planned FERENCE past Congresses is the passage of the supple stagnation." mental security income program. With the What other conclusion could be reached 1 creation of SSI, millions of elderly, blind and from an economic proposal which projects ,:_ HON. MORGAN F. MURPHY . diSabled Americans became eligible for unemployment remaining above 6% until OF n.LINOIS increased payments. 1979 and an inflation rate for 1975 even high'~' IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATlVES Congress has also made some significant er than 1974? Allow me to briefly discuss, some of the administration's proposals which Thursday, March 13, 1975 improvements in the pension fund area.. To day, there are some 24,000 private pension could h~ve a particularly devastating impact Mr. MURPHY of illinois. Mr. Speaker, plans with assets_between $130 billion and on the lives of our Nation's elderly. our colleague from Illinois, TIM L. HAi.L, $150 billio;n covering almost half of the First, the President announced last No recently addressed a senior citizen con Nation's industrial workforce. vember he was proposing to "save" $6~0 mil ference sponsored by the Administration And yet in the year immediately preceding lion as part of his fight against inflation by the passage of the pension reform bill, over in~reasing the gost 9f food s'ta.inps, indeed, on Aging of the Department of Health, this proposal. alone, 1f it had been adopted, Education, and Welfare and the Mayor's 19,000 workers lost all or part of their vested would have meant disaster to millions of Office for Senior Citizens in Chicago. ,or guaranteed benefits due to the termina older Americans who depend heavily on food Congressman HALL serves on the Select ·tion of insufficiently funded plans. The Pen stamps. . ·sion Reform Act·wm, I believe, mean as mueh Imagine for a moment the impact of tliis Education Subcommittee ·which recently to the American worker as the passage of leg- completed hearings on the extension of program on the elderly p'oor. An elderly cou islation to provide workmen's compensation. ple with, say, $270.00 in adjusted gross in,_ .. the Older Americans Act. His February I think we must also note the benefits come can n,ow pay _$64 and receive food 23 speech to the 500 conference partici many senior citizens have ·received from the stamps worth $8~a. bonus of $20; under the pant& discussed what the Federal Gov expansion of the original Older Americans Ford plan, th~y would be required to put \lP ernment has done to assist our senior cit Act, as well as the creation of several new $81 to receive that same $84 worth ,Qt. izens as well as what remains to be· done.· prograffis. Indeed, since i971, appropriations stamps-a bonus of only $3. I want to share his remarks with our 'col for the Older Americans Act have grown It is dllficult to find words to express. the by more than $213 miilion. astonishment and disappointment my col~ . leatfUes. rhe speech follow~: As most of you know, it was durtng this le~gues a.~~ I felt when we learned of this: . ADDRESS OF CONGRESSMAN H ALL same period Congress cl'eatefl.·the successful plan to gut one of the most successful sociaJ. , l .very much appreciate the opportunit y of nutrition programs as part o;f_ t;I.w 1972 service 'programs Cop.gress .has ever author.. , being with you-tonight. I know yo'lir sense of aniendments. Tli~ m;ttritio'n program pres- i z~fl ~ I .. ~m g~ad to report, however·, Congr,e.ss ~ . . .,. • I • !' • -' l , , ~~ . ,Q I ., •' ' !' ·Mf.tr<;h 1 {J, /- ~ 7~ :- 666.7- has recently blocked .this proposal with a level is held at the same $203 million level fin,e_ addl.'ess made recently ~efore the legislative· injunction that •received. an over proposed for 1975. . ·, American Association of Electric Com whelming veto-proof margin in ·bOtll · the· · In vieW of Mr. Ford's tragically misguided House and the Senate. ' ·· ·. economic proposals and the equally tragic panies by my colleague on the Joint Com The administration has alSo attacked the· economic plight of millions of senior clti· mittee on Atomic Energy, the· distin.:. social security benefits received by more than :z:ehs, Congress must move quickly and deci guished Senator from Califor.nia, JoHN.V. 30 million Americans, many of' whom-are ob.:. sively on many fronts to protect the welfare TuNNEY. . . viously senior citizens. · · of· :our· nation's senior citizens. The Senator's remarks, which depict It 1s ironic, indeed, that while Congress In addition to the efforts I have already his gencal thoughts and observations 'on had the foresight to build an automatic cost mentioned, ·'[ am pleased to report that the nuclear energy, follow: of living escalator into the Social Security Subcommittee on Select Education, which REMARKS OF SENATOR JOHN V. TUNNEY Act as protection from the ravages of infla has jurisdiction over older Americans legis tion, President Ford is now asking us to re lation, has already started the renewal proc I am very pleased to be with you this morn duce the expected 8.7% cost of living increase ess for the Older Americans Act. Starting on ing. As a two-month veteran of the Joint in fiscal year 1975 to 5% in the face of tre January 29th, the subcommittee held 4 days Committee on Atomic Energy, I must admit mendous price increases. In cold economic of· hearings on the renewal of the older that my purpose in being here 1s more to terms, the President's proposal to rescind Americans comprehensive amendments of gain knowledge and insight from you than the automatic escalator would: 1973. to impart it. , · Increase the 'average monthly benefit for a Indeed, I feel that with the valuable in When discussing energy, I feel it is im retired couple from $310 to only $325, instead sights the subcommittee gained from these possible to be myopic by narroWing the dis of $337. hearings, we will shortly be in a position m.tssion down to the consideration of only Increase the average monthly benefit for to introduce a bill to extend the older one form of energy, whether it be nuclear an unmarried elderly person from $186 to Americans legislation. Among the issues that or petroleum. In order to asseso our situa only $195, instead of $202. we will be seriously considering in the re tion adequately and the options available, we The President's recently announced energy newal legislation are: must examine the broad spectrum of energy conservation plans also contain a ·potential 1. Increasing the support for State and sources as well as the projected rate of energy setbook for many senior citizens. If his pro community grants. ' demand. posal to place a $3 per barrel tax on imported 2. Increasing · the supp<,>rt for aglllg_ re -By the year 2000, it is estimated that the oil· and decontrol all domestically produced search, training, and multi-disciplinary cen United States will be consuming about 187 petroleum is adopted, millions of older Amer ters of gerontology. qua~illion Btu's of energy annually. In icans wlll be forced to absorb significant in 3. Revitalizing title V of the Older Ameri- · order to give you a sense of perspective on creases in the .cost of essential fuels--or do cans Act, the multipurpose senior centers. this figure, it is necessary to bear in mind without. 4. Transferring the older Americans volun that we will be cgnsuming around 80 quad Consider the plight of many elderly people teer programs administered by the Action rillion Btu's this year. In other words, just who· depend heavlly on their cars to take Agency back to the Administration on Aging. to .maintain our energy growth patterns, by them to hospitals, markets, and shopping ·5. Increasing support for the older worker the year 2000 we will need over twice as much areas. employment prograiilS. energy as we are using today. Similarly, the cost of home heating fuels 6. Changing the allotment formula used While our energy demands continue. to would go up dramatically. A person using a in the allocation of funds to States. grow, our energy supplies are rapidly dissipat modest 500 gallons a year can expect to pay 7. Allowing cities of a certain size to auto ing. The National Academy of Sciences, in about $55 more a year to stay warm. Although matically become area agencies. f~J.ct, has recently reported that we may have these increases may not seem significant to 8. Easing the limitation on the amount of only a 25 to 30 year supply of oil and gas. some of us, for many older persons, the com Federal funds that can be used to cover the The only conventional energy sources which bination of slilall social security· increases costs of local administration. are not as gravely threatened are coal and and increased costs for almost everything Clearly, we have much to do, and we need uranium. spell nothing short of dis~ter. · help--.,.your help--and the help of your friends Needless to say, the United States must I hasten to add, however, that the adminis and associates, as well as the help of mil not only reduce its rnte of energy consump tration's energy proposal received a serious lions of, older Americans whom we serve. tion, but it must also search for new ways setback when the House voted earlier this I urge you to ·write your friends across in which to utilize them. . . month and the Senate this past week voted to the country encouraging them to support our To this end, we must p.ush ahead with the suspend for 90 days the ·proposed tariff on im cause. Further, you should write your Con development and commercialization of solar ported crude oil. 'Clearly, Congress will not gressman urging prompt and effective action and geothermal energy. accept solutions to our energ~ problems which on the .. extensioJl. o~ the older Americans we .. mu.st innrease our research into the demand an intolerable and inequitable hu legislation. . · . liquefootion · and gasification of coal to fill man price. Let me close then with some words of a the void created by the disappearance of oil ·Finally, just last month we witnessed an distinguished citizen of Illinois, the late and gas. other attack ·on social security programs for Adlai E. Stevenson: We must upgrade our efforts to prove ~he the·elderly; Under the powers granted to him What a man knows at fifty that he did technological feasibility of clean fusion power by the · congressional budget and· Impound not know at twenty is, for the most part, in and to bring it on line as quickly as possible. ment Control Act of 1974, the President has communicable. The knowledge that he has With optimum funding, I am hopeful t}:iat proposed a $79 million slash in funds for acquired With age is not the knowledge of we will be able to realize these objectives by older Americans programs. Imagine for a formulas o~ forms or words, but of people, the end of this century. · moment the disastrous impact of this pro- places, act10n--a knowledge not gained by Until that time, however, it will become posal: . words but by touch, sight, sound, victories, increasingly necessary -to depend upon coal A 33% cut from the $150 million·congress failures, sleeplessness, devotion, love,--the and nuclear fission for our energy demands. approved for 'the title VII nutrition program experience and emotions of this earth and In California particularly, however, a heavy for the elderly. one:s self and a little reverence for the things reliance on coal may not be possible becatt.')e A $9 mlllion reduction of the· original $105 you cannot see. . . . · of the severe pollution problems we face. mlllion Congress approved for the State and The kind of wisdom, the kind of under Today the United States has 53 operating community grants programs under title lli standing, the kind of reverence which charac nuclear_power plants. These plants provide of the Older Americans Act. terizes th,e olqer people of our society is around 7% of our electrical en(ilrgy needs. A request not. to spend the entire $8 mil much too precious in this great and wealthy As oil , and gas prices continue to rise and lion allocated for training under title IV. land of ours to be either wasted--or per- coal is diverted to non-electric uses, our re A request to rescind the entire $12 inillion haps, worse-, ignor~d. ' liance on nuclear energy promises to become that Congress approved for older workers So' we have much · to .do, you a:p.d I, to even more economical than it is today. :Sy employment programs. help make real for all our nation's older the year 2000 it is projected that we will citizens the rich promise, of American life. have over. lOOO nuclear powerplants, provid- Fortunately, the same law which gives ing over 50%· of our energy needs. _ . . the ·President the power to request these I look forward to working closely with spending cutbacks also provides that unless you in that effort. While I am fully aware of the fact that both bodies of Congress .agree to the request commercial nuclear reactors have been, op in 45 days the money must be made avail erating in this country for over 20 years able for obligation. And I say here tonight, OBSERVATIONS ON NUCLEAR without a major accident, I am also awat·e ladies and gentlemen, that such an uncon ENERGY of the growing public concern about nuclear scionable proposal will not receive the sup safety. The recent shut-down of 23 boiling port of Congress. water reactors because of a crack in one of I am sur·e that it comes as no surprise HON. JOHN E. MOSS the energy core cooling system pipes only in when I tell you that President Ford's 1976 OF CALIFORNIA tensifies the. public anxiety. The public is budget request for older Americans act pro concerned about th.e fact that nuclear po:wer IN THE ~OUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES , plants are shut down for about a thtrd of ~ra;ms . mirrors the drastically reduced levels of' spending he proposed with hfs budget cuts· Thursday, March 13, 1915 their operating life due' to routine · mainte nance, malfunctions and abnormal occur for 1975 program expenditures: ·· · Mr. ~O~S: ~~:Speaker, I commend rences. They are concerned about the fact The 1976 Older Americans ·Act s;oenditig to the attention of the House the very that the emergency core cooling system has ClCKI----421--PartS 6668 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS lJ!laTch 13, 1975 only been tested by computer and has failed its inception ten years ago. With almost fif there also comes a strong view of the those tests. It :Is not enough· for the utilities teen years to go before projected commer subordination of all aspects of life to to point to their 20-year accident free rec cialization of the breeder, I can't help but ord. Even if our chances for nuclear accident shudder at the thought o! how much it politics and ideology. are only one in a. thousand reactor years, could end up costing. And when it finally One incident that President Bowen ex that means that by the year 2000 we coUld is completed, will the utilities be able to plains seems to say much of the poverty face the possibility of a reactor accident once afford it? Just to build the projected number of Red China. In reading the account, a year. If nuclear energy is going to expand of conventional light water reactors by the we should remember that the commune to meet our growing demands-and I believe year 2000 could cost the utilities more than they visited was probably one of the it should-it will only be able to do so i! $782 billion. showcase ones, and therefore the pea the public perceives that it is sa,fe. To this Aside from the question as to whether the sants there would have more possessions end, both the utilities and the Federal gov utilities can afford the breeder and the re ernment must increase their vigilance on processing facilities and waste disposal facili and food than peasants at other safety. The Federal government must also in ties that go along with it, a bigger question communes. We also should remember crease its research and development of meth may be--can society afford the breeder? I that more than 80 percent of mainland ods and facilities to test and upgrade nu don't have to tell any of you here that the China's population live in rural areas on clear plant safety systems. breeder would produce more d eadly plu communes. An excerpt from the article As we are an aware, the nuclear industry tonium than it could use. The problems of follows: has recently canceled more than h alf of its sabotage and theft would be greatly exacer At a commune outside Canton, Bowen was planned nuclear powerplants. T wo reasons bated as the excess plutonium makes its way invited into the home of an ordinary peas have been cited for this action: The lack of from the breeder to a reprocessing plant and ant, which housed him, his wife, and his capital funds and the uncertainties sur then to either a storage facility where it three sons, who were unman"ied and be rounding the disposal of nuclear wastes. would have to be kept from human contact tween the ages of 25 and 29. "We sat in a Both of these problems must be confronted for over half a million years or to another b ?..re room on wha,t were essentially wooden by Congress. The commerce committee has nuclear power plant for use as fuel. saw-horses," Bowen recounted. "The man legislation currently before it which woUld On the matter of the breeder, I am in S9.id he would like to comment about his provide bonding to guarantee financial solv clined to agree with Phillip Handler, Presi material possessions, to show how much bet ency to utilities. The committee plans to act dent of the National Academy of Sciences, ter off he was than in the old days. He told on this legislation, as well as other such pro when he says, "Before such a program is us the family had. a sewing machine, two bi posals, before summer. In addition, legisla implemented, it must be examined in the cycles, three chests (in which clothes are tion to provide an investment tax credit for most intimate detail and the public must kept), and three wristwatches. Later, he utilities has been proposed. be satisfied that the risk to future genera asl{ed us to have tes. with him, and we were Another problem which increases the fi tions is of an acceptable order; that the all served cups of hot water. At first we were nancial hardship for the utilities involves latter is the case is not self-eYident at this not entirely sure what we were &upposed to the amount o! time and redtape required to time." do, but our interpreter, observing our hesita obtain an operating license. At present, it The breeder, of course, is only one program tion, said 'please have some hot water.' After takes as long as 10 years for a nuclear that is before the Joint Committee. Other wards, it was explained to us that people plant to get off the drawing board and into issues that will be confronted this year in sometimes cannot afford tea, and then ·hav commercial operation. I understand that for clude the Price-Anderson Act and plutonium ing tea' is having hot water.'' one utillty, the price of constructing addi recycle, both of which I intend to look at tional nuclear plant capacity increased from very closely. .At this point I include in the RECORD $500 mlllion to $2 billion in less than 5 As I mentioned earlier, I have been on the text of the article entitled "Presi years. None of this was due to a change in the committee for just two months and as dent Bowen in China: A visitor's im plant design or materials u sed. During the such I can use all of the help and expertise pression of the People's Republic" from 5-year period, inflation regulatory delays I can get. Today, I have tried to give you an the January 28, 1975, issue of the Prince and materials availability had quadrupled idea of my initial thoughts with regard to the cost of the plant. While I do not be nuclear energy. I not only welcome, but ac ton Alumni Weekly: lieve we should reduce public input into t he tively solicit your thoughts, not only on the PRESIDENT BOWEN IN CHINA licensing procedure, I do think that we breeder, Price-Anderson, safety, waste man After a three-week visit to the People's should cru·efully examine the possibility of agement, and the question of safeguards Republic of China last November, Princeton reducing redundant steps which have noth against theft and sabotage, but on other President William G. Bowen came away feel ing to do with public participation or safety aspect,., of nuclear energy as well. ing that "Chinese universities are, in many requirements, but which could reduce the respects, depressing to one who believes in time and, therefore, the n1.oney involved in the values for which Western universities getting plants on line. stand." As a member of a delegation of 13 The storage of high-level nuclear wastes American university presidents and edu continues to be a problem which we have MAINLAND CHINA: IDEOLOGY IN cators-the first such group to represent the not been able to solve. ERDA has proposed COMMAND broad spectrum of U.S. higher edue;ation the construction of a retrievable surface rather than a specific field-he toured the en storage facility which would contain these tire coast from north of North Korea. to Hong highly radioactive wastes for up to 100 years, HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK Kong. The trip was sponsored jointly by but no permanent system for disposal has OF OHIO the National Committee on U.S.-China Rela been found. I am extremely concerned about IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions and the Chinese government to pro this matter, as I am sure you are, and I Thursday, March 13, 1975 mote educational exchange between the two believe that ERDA must increase its efforts countries. to find long-term solutions to the waste Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, now Discussing his impressions of the People's storage problem rather than focusing only that the first flush of excitement is over Republic with students and faculty one eve on short-term options. in openings that were made to Red ning last month in McCosh 10, Bowen said Another matter which has not been suffi that "ideological pressures have been and ciently addressed yet is the question of nu China, a number of visitors are return are intense--and the universities have prob clear theft and sabotage. While at present ing from that land with insights that ably felt them more strongly than any other we have only 53 nuclear power plants operat mainland China may not be quite the sector of the society. Apparently, the deci ing, this figure wlll grow to more than 1,000 grand accomplishment that some have sion has been made to sacrifice a fair amotmt by the year 2000. The spent fuels from these described. Lord and Mrs. Michael Lind of ordinary education, particularly at the plants will have to be transported over long say, both of whom have taught Chinese advanced levels, in exchange for an effort to distances to reprocessing plants and through affairs, have pointed out that the Com deal with what were thought to be elitist the other stages of the fuel cycle. munist regime is a totalist one. It is a tendencies that were developing prior to the These spent fuels will contain significant Cultural Revolution. Many members of our amounts of plutonium and U233, both of regime that puts ideology into every as group felt that the universities were the least which are weapons grade materials which pect of life. It is a regime that is attempt healthy, the most troubled, institutions in could be fashioned into a bomb. It is im ing to destroy traditional Chinese values the society; and that was a discouraging perative that the Congress and the agencies including the importance of the family. conclusion for us to reach.'' responsible take every step to insure that the Another visitor, William Bowen, presi The delegation saw virtually every kind chances for theft or sabotage are reduced dent of Princeton University, has re of educational organization to be found in to zero. corded some of his thoughts on his trip to Mainland China. It visited six major uni One of the nuclear programs that I have mainland China in an article in the versities, two factory-run universities, a mid the most questions about is the liquid metal dle school (roughly equivalent to a combined fast breeder reactor. Princeton Alumni Weekly. He details a junior and senior high school) , three ele The price tag for commercialization of the system of higher education that is "the mentary or nursery schools, and a "children's breeder is now estimated at $10.6 billion least healthy, the most troubled" insti palace." It was taken to a May 7 Cadre which is m ore than a five-fold increase since tution in society. From his comments School outside Peking, one of the places of- March 13, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6669 flcials are sent for what the Chinese them· again, I was told that nobody worked on Bowen pointed out. By comparison, the U.S. selves describe as "ideological remolding." things like quantitative economics, linear has about 37 million in elementary school, 18 The group visited a school for the training programming, or input-output analysis. You million in high school (those numbers would of acrobats in Shenyang, the Institute of have to wonder what the effects on the have to be adjusted to about 29 million and Physics and the Academy of Science in Pe future will be. 26 million to fit the Chinese primary-middle king, and a major observatory in Nanking. "I have been told that other visitors have divisions), an( more than 8 million in the Also on the itinerary were factories, com had the same difficulty in talking to eco universities. China's college enrollment is munes, hospitals, talks with government of· nomic planners. One line of speculation is roughly equivalent to that of Ohio or Michi ficials, banquets, artistic performances, as that the planning work now going on is ele· gan. Bowen remarked, "These figures sa.y well as the by-now familiar tourist attrac mentary, very decentralized, and that it and they are consistent with many other tions. would be awkward or even embarrassing for sorts of impressions-that university educa What was not on the schedule-and thus the Chinese really to be pushed hard on tion is seen to be much less important in something of a coup for the delegation-was what was being done. So they may be re China than it is here. This is true, I believe, an hour-and-a-half-long interview with luctant to have their level of sophistica· both for some very good 1·easons related to Vice Premier Teng Hslao-p'lng, a man who tion in this area probed by people who differences in levels of real income r:nd stages was publicly humiliated during the Cultural themselves have at least some knowledge of of economic development, and for son1e rea Revolution but is now considered most likely the subject. But this is merely speculation." sons which mar not be so good." to be the successor to Premier Chou En-lai. Bowen encountered a similar evasiveness In talking with university people in China, The Americans stressed at the outset the when he inquired about salary differentials Bowen was repeatedly told that "we are still importance they attached to longer viSI1ts for between ordinary workers and those who in an experimental sta.ge." He found that the scholars. Bowen recalled, "He replied that had received technical training at a factory universities almost all of which were closed some people in and out of China were saying run ·.IniverFity in Shanghai. "You could just during the' Cultura,l Revolution, have built relations between China and the U.S. had feel the tension in the room rise," he said. back up to nearly half the enrollment they cooled since the Shanghai communique, that "The answer I got was that people did not go had before 1966. Since few professors were he felt it was not so, and that our presence to the universities in order to earn more actually fired, despite the heavy criticism there was meant to say it was not so. He money. I said that I had not suggested that many received from the Red Guard, current then said there was the problem of Taiwan, they do, but I was interested as a point of student-faculty ratios average 2-3:1. Faculty which will affect relations at the govern· fact in what the salary relationships were be members devote much of their tjme to re mental level, but that he could see no rea fore and after. I was then told that the working the curriculum, rewriting textbooks, son it should stand in the way of further policy is not to have salary differentials based and trying to bring course content in line progress in academic exchanges. on whether one did manual work or mental with present political views, particularly the "We asked him about economic policy, the work. I said I understood that, but I was still campaign against Confucius and Lin Piao. context in which education must operate interested in what the actual salary levels "There is a lot of team teaching," Bowen in China, and where the country is heading. were. we went on in this vein for about 15 said, "partly as a result of the tremendous He chose instead to talk at some length mint.tes, and that was it." Later, he was told concern that the old ideology not b2 allowed about the long-term evolution of economic that "there are differentiaL~. but they are not to seep back in." policy in China, emphasizing the priority very large." The new ideology is strongly opposed to given to agriculture as a means not only of Pursuinp; the question of wage differentials basic research as we would define it. Al feeding people but of raising the capital further, Bowen learned that the Chinese though Chinese professors are called upon needed for light industry, and with light make enormous use of what people in in to do what they refer to as research, we industry in turn used to raise the capital dustrial relations call "red circle rates." As would regard it as applied work. A math· for heavy industry. He talked about steel he explained, "This is a rate that a person ematician in Shanghai, for instance, told pl'Oduction and the differences between the once earned on a particular job, and then Bowen that he was extremely involved in ab U.S. and China in that area and what rough when salary structures are changed, and the stract mathematics before the Cultural Rev targets fo1• China must t.e, and he then tried job no longer calls for as high a pay as it olution but he had come to see that it was to reconcile the emphasis on self-reliance, used to-a red circle is put around the orig not what he should be doing; he had just fin· so important in China now, with the desire inal rate and the person continues to receive ished computing the train schedule between to take knowledge from other countries." it. In the universities, for instance, salaries Shanghai and Nanking. The head of the When the conversation turned to inter seem to range from about 50 yuan [$25] architecture department in Nanking, one of national affairs, Bowen recounted, "Teng per month for new teachers to something in the few academicians Bowen met who had Hsiao-p'ing began by saying that the world the order of 330 yuan [$165] per month for studied in the U.S., said much of his time was troubled and not as tranquil as it might professors-an enormous differential. The went to designing buildings and doing other be, that there was plainly the threat of title 'professor' isn't given any longer since practical tasks for the city. In Canton, Bowen war, that the main diffi.culty was with the the Cultural Revolution, but the people who met a biologist engaged in research related two superpowers-the U.S. and the USSR had the title before still retain it and are paid to insect control. but that obviously one was much more at their old levels. Even the one example Bowen found of threatening and dangerous than the other "In the communes, by point of contrast, what we might call fundamental research with clear reference to the Soviet Union. there is an el~>,borate system of workpoints, had obvious practical ramlflcations. At Then there was a good deal of discussion which are af;Signed as a function of the tech Chungshan (formerly Sun Yat-sen Univer about the problems which the Soviet Union nical skill and physical labor required. to do sity), a neurophysiological group headed by seemed to pose for the world and for the U.S., a job, and also one's attitude," he said. The a 1961 graduate of New York University was and about the importance o~ the U.S. being communes, too, are franker about the value investigating the process by which acupunc aware of the ambition of the Soviet Union of economic incentives. At one commune, ture anesthesia works. "Research was being and of protecting ourselves from what was Bowen asked 1f the land tax varied with the done linking the circulatory systems of two described to us as a very serious threat. value of the farm's output rather than sim rats, acupuncturing one rat and then ob .. As for atomic weapons, said the Chi ply with the number of acres (there is no serving the effect on the second rat, to test nese had a few atom bombs but they were income tax in China). "I was told emphati the proposition that various hormonal activi nothing I If they were to try to engage in a cally that It does not, and that if such a tax ties are started by the acupuncture which race with the Soviet Union as far as atomic were allowed to vary with output, it would can then travel through the circulatory sys weapons are concerned, he noted, 'we would discourage production, which would not be tem," Bowen reported. all need to prepare to meet our God.' In good." He discovered that the emphasis on appli stead, he said, they dig tunnels and grow In general, Bowen found the Chinese econ cations is equally strong in the humanistic millet and keep the rifles ready. We then omy to be extremely decentralized, with each fields: "There is now a greatly increased in discussed detente and arms limitations, province largely responsible for its own terest in ancient Chinese literature which is about which he was very pessimistic." needs, particularly with regard to food and being used in the campaign to criticize Con Throughout his China trip, Bowen tried clothing. Accordingly, he said, "They mlni· fucius. The work of the legalists of his time to talk to people actively involved in eco mize the extent to which it is necessary to is studied and annotated in enormous de nomic planning. As an economist and an worry about transfers of resources from one tail-all to make a political point. This work educator, he explained to PAW, "I felt it area to another. That results in some ineq· is just as 'applied' to a particular social pur would be helpful to view the educational uities, I suspect, and it no doubt results in pose as that dealing with insect control." system within the larger context of man some inefficiencies, but there is also much to Since the Cultural Revolution, no one is power and economic planning. Generally our be said for decentralization as one way of allowed to go directly from middle school to hosts were very accommodating, anxious to trying to cope with the planning problem. the university. Everyone must first spend at let us do what we wanted, but in this re They do seem to be meeting their nutrition least two years working in a factory, com spect we were not successful. Nor were we and clothi.ng needs quite well." mune, or the like. "The concern," Bowen said, able to find anyone teaching economic plan· China today has about 130 million stu· "is to prevent new elites from arising and, ning In any of the universities we visited. It dents in primary schools (ages 7-12), 34 mil therefore, in educat ion to discourage the was very strange. Obviously, economic plan lion in middle schools (ages 12-17), and 400,- children of cadres, high party people, and ning is being done--steel, for example, is 000 in universities (usually a three-year pro mllitary officers from filling up the univer being moved from the northeast to other gram). "That 1s a dramatically different edu sities and simply replicating themselves." To areas of the country-yet over and over cational pyramid from anything we know," that end, preference in college admissions is 6670 .EX'l'.ENSIONS OF REMARKS .: :JJ!lat·ch 13, 1975 . given to the children of workers and peas merit, I- believe, in en~our!\ging people in bicycles,· three chests (in which clothes are ants. the universities to be more familiar with kept), and three wristwatches. Later, he . Each university assigns quotas to the vari the world and the society .around them. we asked us to have tea with him, and we were ' ous communes, factories, and districts haven't always done that as well as we all served cups of hot water, At first we around the country. "Individuals are then might. . were not entirely sure what we were sup nominated to fill these positions," Bowen "The so-called 'educational revolution' posed to do, but our interpreter, observing said, "on the basis of assessments at the local going on in China now is two revolutions; our hesitation, said 'please have smne hot levels of how good their work has been, how one, it is a revolution directed at what many water.' Afterwards, it was explained to us correct their political orientation is, and of us would agree are genedl· problems in that people sometimes cannot afford tea, and how suitable university experience seems to education-rote learning, the need to teach then 'having tea' is having hot water." be for them. The administrators are very people to analyze rather than just parrot Perhaps the most extroordinru·y experi reluctant to admit that academic ability en back what they have learned. In this regard, ence Bowen had during his trip occurred ters lnto the selection process, but I think the Chinese have moved toward open book on his last day in China. As he later related here the ideology and reality conflict. We examinations and term papers, things we the episode to a meeting of the Executive were not told this in so many words, but have been doing. We could agree very readily Committ.ee of Princeton's Alumni Council, it what seems to happen is that more people that this part of the 'educational revolution' happened while the group was going to visit are nominated than can be accommodated; made a lot of sense. But it is also in good a commune about 40 miles outside Canton: then representatives from the university go part a tremendous effort to reimpose a polit "We were traveling in a caravan of eight down and confer at the distl'ict level, and at ical orthodoxy, and I feel very differently cars, two of us to a vehicle, plus drivers and that stage some kind of judgment about the very negatively-about that." interpreters. I should point out that there individual's capability to do the work is The contrast between China's unive1·sities, are no private automobiles in China-the made. on the one hand, and the middle and pri importance of this fact will become evident · "The question I kept asking various uni mary schools, on· the other, was quite strik later on. I was in car number two with Har versity people was how under this system of ing. "The elementary schools seemed to be old Enarson, the 'president of Ohio State. admission one can attract the few Einsteins thriving enterprises," Bowen said. "People "Suddenly, as we ·were driving along this of this world. I have no reason to believe that were much more confident about what they country road, a woman of about 25, with a . t:re Chinese system does not produce people . were doing." The course material, however, brightly colored handkerchief ,in her hand, who are effective in the work place, who get was as strongly political· as ·that offered at dashed right in front of ·ol,ll' car. She came along well with other people, who have the universities. For example, instruction in within a hair of ·being killed, for our car leadership ability-and of course that is im ·English, which is the major foreign language skidded to a stop no more than six inches portant in any society. But I am not at all taught there, uses translations of the writ away from her. She then raced up to my su1·e what is happening to the Einsteins. ·I ings of Chairman Mao rather than the writ side of the car-the windows were down be . kept saying that they might find someone ings of English-speaking people. cause of the heat--and tried to hand me an who is very bright but who may be a mis The lower schools feature an enormous envelope. She kept shouting, ''Chairman erable worker, and who may have no interest amount of performing, singing, and dancing. · Mao, Chairman Mao' in very clear English. · tn Confucius-what is going to happen to "It is obviously enjoyed greatly; it is an Like a flash, the interpreter grabbed the en that person? I was told over and over again opportunity to put on brightly colored cos velope from her and put it in the glove that no such people exist!" tumes, and it is done very professionally and compartment of the car. By that time, car Unlike the Soviet Union, the focus of Chi with great poise," Bowen observed. "Whether number three had stopped, and its inter nese education is not on building up science one wants to call that creativity is another preter came over and took the woman, not and engineering, but on training political question. There is a trmnendous 'sameness' roughly, but firmly, moving her away and leaders to continue the revolution. "They about what one sees. Several of our group telling our driver to go on. are very determined not to follow the Soviet noted that exactly the same dances were "Before the envelope disappeared into the model," Bowen noted. "They feel the Rus being done at the nursery school level and glove compartment, I had glimpsed Chairman sians went off the track in overemp:q.as~i~g at the adult level." Mao's name plainly written on it in English, science and technology. They want to' be free In all of the arts, a heavy emphasis· is along with a lot of Chinese characters. I of the domination of a .technocratic elite." · given to the glories of the People's Liberation waited to see what our interpreter would say At the moment, there is no gt·aduate edu Army. Bowen, who was taken to 15ee the to us about this, and the answer was nothing, · cation in China. While Bowen was told that • newest movie, Shining Red Star, remarked not one word. Harold Enarson and I looked plans exist for its resumption in due course, that he could detect in it "no nuance or at each other in the back seat and, through no one could provide any details. The head subtlety at all." The main obstacle to cre hand signals and the like, conferred about · of the Institute o:( Physics, ,Bowen recalled, ativity in China, he felt, is "the great pres- · what we should do. ·We ·decided not to push ·~made a point of saying that new blood and sure to portray everything and everyone as at this point, but tq inquire later. When we new ideas are important and that the staff is entirely good or bad, when in fact most got to the commune, I sort of hung back and agln.g. This is a serious problem for the human beings are some mixture of the two watched the car very carefully· to see what future." which is reflected in most great works of would happen to tlie letter. Our interpreter Bowen also found that the t•ole of stu art and literature." took it out of the glove compartment and dents in running and reforming the univer Eventually, Bowen specula;ted, the C:J:l.inese carried it over to the· chief interpreter :from sities has decreased in recent years: "In may become bored with the kind of en Peking, who quickly put it in his pocket. several cases, we were told that whereas stu tertainments that seem to enthrall them When we asked him later what was happen dents had at one time been members of the now. "The enormous progress that has been ing, all we were told was that the woman revolutionary committee [the governing made does not alter the fact that life there simply wanted the letter delivered to the 'body], and perhaps one still was, there is drab," he said. "So anything out of the commune. I replied, 'But I heard her say were no students on the standing commi't ordinary-anything that is not drab-is Chairman Mao's name, very distinctly.' He tee, because they were too busy, had too likely to be exciting by contrast." Living then said he had been in car three and had many other things to do, and sometimes standards, of course, are much higher in the not heard what she said, but his understand didn't know enough-all the same ·reasons cities than in the countryside (and China ing was that she wanted only to communi- · we give in this country. Still, I am sure stu has eliminated the problem of urban mi cate with the commune. dents do participate actively, certainly at the gration that plagues many developing na "One can only speculate about an experi departmental level, in discussions of what tions by assigning large numbers of people ence like that. It seemed to a number of us they are learning, and they feel complet~ly . to live in rural areas). The main depart more likely that the woman had some kind free to criticize their professors, especially if ment store in Shanghai, which Bo-yven visited of a problem, real or imagined, and she they are not sufficiently revolutionary. Stu offered a wide range of consumer goods, in thought that. if she could only g~t the mes den.ts exert great pressure on the faculty cluding sewing machines, bicycles, radios, sage to Chairman M;ao, everything would be to ~dhere to the correct line. and television sets-but these items repre all right. Surely, th,ese powerful visitors, "As to student life, the next Princeton sent major purchases for most Chinese. A whoever they were, being driven around in unclergraduate who complains that the dor bicycle, for ex~mple, costs about 150 yuan all these cars, could get in touch with mitories are too crowded wm have some [$75], or nearly four times the monthly wage Chairman Mao. We would have understood new data with which to contend! The nor of a typical single worker. and accepted that kind ' of an explanation. mal arrangement seems to be six to, eight At a commune outside Canton, :aowen Whatever the case, none of our guides· was s tudents per room, all. double-decker beds." ·was invited· into the home of an ordinary 1 Willing to explain the matter to us. Perhaps Asked what the U.S. might learri ·fro:in peasant, which housed him, his wife, and no one wanted to do anything that someone Chinese education, Bowen replied: "There his three sons, who were unmarried and else might conclude ,was a wrong decision. is an enormous emphasis now on combining between the ages of 25 and 29. "We sat in a theory and practice. One hears constantly bare room on what were essentially wooden Yet there does seein to be a general teudency that they used to trai~ too many' ;people saw-horses/' Bowen recounted. "The man .for people in China ~ seek to avoid in~U who knew only what could be learned from said he would like to comment about his vidual acceptance of re'sponslbility for mak books, had no contact with society, etc. I material possessions, to show how much bet ing that kind of a judgment in a situation suspect that that was true there, as in this ter off he has than in the old days. He told no one could have foreseen. It's a little chill country, with at least some people. There is us the family had a sewing machine, two ing, but that's the feeling you get." March 19, '1975 . EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6671 WHAT IS GOING ON?·· Dealers clalm longer station hours won.,t Grover, with his sideltick, Bob HUgEmdort, increase volume significantly, with consump used to travel all over the nation broadcast tion at a lower level now. ing the NCAA Basketball Championships on . HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN The American Petroleum Institute has said radio whether KU or K-State played or not. OF FLORIDA gasoline stocks are 10 percent higher than We've always suspected the reason was not so they were last year, hitting 244 million bar much because Grover thought the fo~ks '.in: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rels--the highest since April 1971. Great Bend needed to hear the NCAA finals Thursday, March 13. 1975 Some dealers also have accused oil com as it was that he wanted to see the game~ panies of keeping prices high at franchise Grover's interest tn the Kansas broad Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker,l year ago, stations and selling surplus gasoline to in casters association lead to his election in 1964 south Florida residents were lined up for dependent stations, which then undercut to the Board of the National Association of blocks outside of gasoline stations, wait m l:J, jor-brand stations. Broadcasters. He became Chairman of the ing sometimes for hours for their turn "It 1s pretty obvious that the major brands Board in 1967. Who would dream that a radio at the pumps. are not able to sell through artificially high broadcaster from a small town of Great prices," said Jack Houston, executive direc Today, there is a :flood of gasoline in Bend, Kansas, would rise to the Chairman tor of the Georgia Association of Gasoline of the Board of the major trade association south Florida, as the following article Retailers. "It appears the suppliers are mar of the broadcast industry-which speaks :f_or from the Miami Herald pf March 9, 1975 keting out the back door." radio and television stations large and . details. Robert Jacobs, an o:tncial with the Indiana. small-as well as for all the major networks? Last year during the gasoline shortage, Illinois Gasoline Dealers Association, said Grover Cobb did just that. . I spoke of the need for a full investiga big oil companies are "publicly endorsing He was lured away from Great Bend in tion of the oil companies. Clearly, an in President Ford's appeals to sell less gas but 1969 by an offer from the Gannett Company vestigation is still needed to explain how privately thP.y're putting the muscle on of Rochester, New York, to manage their dealers, telling them to lower pump prices or broadcast properties. But soon the NAB we have gone so rapidly from a shortage face the possib111ty of being cut off from of gasoline to a flood. beckoned again. ~he call of service to the supplies in the future:• broadcast industry was one Grover could not We have got to find out wh~t is going resist. Off he went to Washington in 197.1 on. where be became Senior Executive Vice Presi SUDDENLY A GLUT OF GASOL~E dent of the National Association of Broad A flooded gasoline market, prompting price A TRIBUTE TO GROVER COBB casters. He was .the broadcasting industry'~ wars at service stations in some pa.rt.s o! the chief spokesman on Capitol Hill as an advo. country, is the result of major oil companies'· cate of free broadcasting. An efficient org~ forcing large supplies on dealers, spokesmen HON. LARRY WINN, JR. nizer, he was persuasive and effective. If he for station operators in south Florida and OF KANSAS had been a lawyer, he surely would have be~n els~where in the nation have charged. lN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES another Perry Mason for he was an excellent Reta.U gasoline-station operators in other. debater. If he had been a preacher, he might parts of the country said in a. UPI survey Thursday, March 13~ 197p well have been a. B111y Graham for he. had that. despite publicly proclaiming a need for the abillty to hold an audience with his conservation, oil companies are pressuring. Mr. WINN. Mr: Speaker, last week the speeches. them to sell more gasoline by staying open State of Kansas and the broadcp.sting The name Grover Cobb probably doesn't a~ unprofitable hours. industry lost a good friend. Grover Cobb, mean much to most WIBW listeners and south Florida station operators are being the senior executive vice president of the viewers. But to the men and women at the forced into the same situation, "Maybe more National Association of Broadcasters, management level of the broadcast indust~y. so,''.according to Wllliam Schemer, a director was more than just an advocate and the name is gospel. Grover had a history of of. the Allied Gasoli:Qe Retailers Association. heart attacks. But you cou14n't hold him Schemer said Satm.-day that local stations spokesman for his industry. He was a. devoted family man and sports fan, as down. In true western Kansas style, he died . "~re being pushed to sell more gasoline to a with his boots on in Washington Friday public that has cut back on its. driving, and well. Liked by everyone he knew, Grover morning. He was 53. Grover suffered a heart to· stay open longer hours to do it." will be missed. attack while attending a meeting with the _ '"J,'hey have more gasoline in this area now A~ this time, I would like to insert in Chairman of the Federal Communications 'th~n they know what to do :with," Schemer· the RECORD an editorial by Mr. Thad Commission discussing deregulation of radio -a4ded. "So they're starting small gasoline Sandstrom, vice president of WIBW ra broadcasting: Ironically, one of thqse at the wars that cut a dealer's profit while at the meeting was: Dick Painter, a broadcastElr sa~~ time incr:easing the prices they (oil . dio station in Topeka, Kans. I feel he has companies) charge him." expressed so well the feelings of the many from Mankato, Minnesota, who used to wo~~ for Grover at Great Bend. He was at Grov~_r's -:o people who knew Grover. ~c~emf said that dealers seeking to double side when the end began. They'll bury Grover sal~~ vohune by ~utting pump prices won't The editorial follows: Cobb at Great Bend. Some of the bigge!!lt succeed because "the volume isn't there WffiW EDITORIAL anymore--people have stqpped. unnecessary names in broadcast management from across driving, to save money for. other things." When I arrived for my first radio job as America wlll be there. The industry is going In Dade County, scattered price wars can an announcer at KSAL 1n Salina in 1943, to miss him. Free Broadcasting in America ~ be ~mind, Schemer said, With regular gasoline the name Grover Cobb was a legend. Grover better today because of the things Grover down to 45.9 cents a gallon. He added, how- had started as an announcer at KSAL in Cobb stood fo~ and did. ever, that most dealers are "hanging in there 1939 whUe a student at Kansas Wesleyan. at 49 and 52 cents a gallon to eke out a He went off to fight in the war, but the folks profit.'' stm talked about Grover Cobb. Later while Charles Powers, ~ Vero Beach dea~er, sa.td I managed KSEK at Pittsburg, Grover was MUHAMMAD ALI PLEDGES AID TO sales at his station are 80 good that he is General Manager of KVGB at Great Bend. SAHEL ' "pumping half again as much gas as at this In 1951, Grover Cobb took the lead in time last year, due to motoring tourists." calling together a group of Kansas radio Dealers elsewhere in the coun~ry claim that broadcasters to talk about the need to form HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL oil companies a.re continuing to make. high a state broadcasters association. The rally- OF NEW YORK profits while 1ndividu~l dealers are being ing cry-broadcasts of KU and K-State foot- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES forced to sell at cost or below cost to unload ball and basketball games. There was no Thursday, March 13, 1975 gasoline surpluses. economically practical way in 1961 to beam "There's a surplus. Period,'' said John a broadcast from Lawrence or Manhattan Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, drought Lichtblau, an ' independent petroleum to the outreaches of Kansas at Pittsbprg, and famine continue to cause tens of consultant. · Great Bend, Garden City and Colby. Every-:- thousands of deaths in the Sahel region Llchtblau said oil refineries are producing body nodded in agreement when someone of Africa. The United States and other at 80-85 percent of capacity, compared to said we needed to make Ben Ludy, General the normal95 percent. Manager of wmw, the first president of industrialized nations have failed and T_he UPI survey showed a wide variation the Kansas Association of Radio Broadcasters. continue to fail to meet their moral re of pump prices across the nation, with reg- But everybody knew 1n ·his heart that the sponsibility by providing adequate hu ular gasoline selling from 47 cents a gallon first president should have been Grover Cobb. manitarian relief to the 8 million people to 57 _c~nts. Regular p.tt a_ "fr~k low'' of He served as president later-putting the who face starvation in the Sahel. Pleas 41.9 cents per gallon tn Minnesota Ia~t .week. got>d of the -association ahead of personal for help fall on deaf ears. The surplus ls being blamed ori two· other goals. ' Muhammad Ali, the heavyweight' box• factors: reduced consumption by· the moi9r',.; . Grover loved life. lie loved the broadcasting . ing ch.amp· lo· n of the world. , . announce· d ing publlc and President Ford's annoimced ' . bus1li~ss. He . loved . ~ansas. He loved his .. intention to 1mpose ·a $3'.:.a~l1ari·er duty· ori '' famil:Y--:-his Wffe, Fan,_and .seven ·chil CONGRESS WARNED TO GUARD Vietnam a.nd a more defensive congressional In any case, if there is an aid commitment AGAINST ''A FOREIGN POLICY OF posture on all other foreign policy issues. to South Vietnam, it is like so many of the SNOW JOBS" That, 1n a nutshell, is the administration conu:nitments made in recent times. It 1s a strategy for the current crisis in Southeast commitment made without adequate refer Asia. It is a strategy that should not survive ence to the Congress-certainly not to the HON. JOE L. EVINS even casual analysis of the military situation changed character of the Congress. 1n Cambodia a.nd the diplomatic and political The requirement now is that the Congress OF TENNESSEE conditions in South Vietnam. square its present existence with whatever IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In Cambodia the picture is clear. The re commitment has been made to Vietnam. gime of President Lon Nol is 1n trouble That is not an open-and-shut case. Thursday, March 13, 1975 because the capital, Phnom Penh, has been In South Vietnam, unlike Cambodia, there Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, cut oft' from supplies by land and sea. It cannot be saved unless the Mekong River is a strong nationalist resistance. Millions of the Washington Post's Sunday edition supply route is reopened. Buddhists, Catholics, refugees and ordinary carried an article by Joseph Kraft en Secretary James Schlesinger and other workers and peasants abhor the North Viet titled "The Administration's 'Cambodian senior Defense .Department officials agree namese Communists. Thanks to their efforts, Gambit'", which discusses in some de that it is up to the Cambodians, not the the Communists have been held off for years. tail the matter of administration re Congress, to reopen the supply route. "Mike But the resistance effort is declining. The quests for more than $500 million in fur Mansfield can't lead the supply column," one reason is that most of the nationalist forces of these officials said. "Neither can Carl Al have been pushed into opposition by Presi ther assistance to South Vietnam and dent Nguyen Van Thieu. His regime has Cambodia. bert. There's just nothing the Congress can do about opening the supply route to Phnom shown itself to be' corrupt, arbitrary and in Mr. Kraft in his column raises the Penh." effective. If there is a mutual commitment question of what commitments were Given the clear responsibility o! the Cam to maintain resistance, President Thieu and made by Secretary of State Henry Kis bodians, why would anybody even venture his entourage have long since defaulted on it singer to the South Vietnamese that do to pin the blame on the Congress? The an by the sheer incompetence of their govern not appear in the Paris Treaty of 1973, swer emerges in the question Dr. Kissinger ment. which. stipulates on its face that the asked himself at his Tuesday news confer So if the Congress is asked to fulfill a bar United States can provide aid to South ence. "What," he mused, "will be the conse gain it did not make, it can reasonably in quences if Vietnam and Cambodia did fall?" sist on a counterpart. It can demand that Vietnam-an option, and not a commit "I believe," he answered, "that if Vietnam President Thieu live up to the terms of the ment, obviously. falls as a result of an American decision to Paris agreement and form a tripartite regime This matter of commitments made by cut off its aid, this will have over a period of With dissident nationalists and the local Secretary Kissinger and the adminis time the most serious consequences." In South Vietnamese left-Wlngers. That is the tration around the world is causing much other words, the problem is not saving Cam only kind of regime which Will not wither concern in the Congress and in the minds bodia, it is keeping up aid to Vietnam. In away after the fashion of the Lon Nol gov deed., the American ambassador to Saigon, ernment. In fact, Without such a broad-based of the American people--Congress should Graham Martin, has been arguing inside the government in Saigon, there is no point Jn indeed be advised of any secret commit State Department that the administration more American ald. ments that may have been made. As col should let Cambodia go, the better to main What all this means is that there is no umnist Kraft observes: tain commitments to South Vietnam. reason for the Congress to go on the defen The Congress has to remain on guard But what are these commitments? Presi sive now. There are hard questions to be against a foreign policy of snow jobs. dent Ford in his press conference Wednes asked, serious doubts to be resolved. Until day, and in other statements, has repeatedly the country is told how Cambodia 1s going Because of the interest of my col cited "the obligation" incurred under the to be saved, what commitments have been leagues and the American people in this Paris treaty of 1973. But the Paris terms stip made in Saigon and to whom, there is no most important subject, I place the col ulate the United States has an option to need for the Congress to yield to the Presi umn by Mr. Kraft in the RECORD here resupply Saigon-not a commitment. dent and his ministers. with. The column follows: Perhaps President Nixon and Dr. Kissinger No doubt there 1s a serious question as THE ADMINISTRATION'S 'CAMBODIAN GAMBIT' did make some kind of commitment in order to how far the Congress should go in trying to get Saigon to the Paris bargaining table in to fine-tune foreign policy. But as long as (By Joseph Kraft) 1972. But if so, we should all know about it. the President is prepared to con the country, Let Cambodia go with a bang, not a whim Indeed, Congress should make it a first order as in the Cambodian gambit, the Congress per. Blame the "catastrophe" on the Con of business to find out if there are any secret has to remain on guard against a foreign pol gress. Then get a blank check for aid to south commitments. icy or snow jobs.