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Apache Rocketmq 介绍 链滴 Apache RocketMQ 介绍 作者：boccaro 原文链接：https://ld246.com/article/1588041859812 来源网站：链滴 许可协议：署名-相同方式共享 4.0 国际 (CC BY-SA 4.0) Apache RocketMQ 介绍 概要 Apache RocketMQ是一个分布式消息传递和流媒体平台，具有低延迟，高性能和可靠性，万亿级容 和灵活的可伸缩性。它的一个重要特性是支持非日志类型的可靠消息传送，非常适合运用在金融和电 商务领域。目前他是Apache社区的顶级项目，在全球有超过100家公司在其业务中使用RocketMQ 开源版本。 诞生 RocketMQ起源于阿里巴巴。阿里巴巴最初由于业务需求，需要使用消息中间件。早期使用过Notify ActiveMQ等。但在需求不断膨胀的情况下，ActiveMQ IO模块遇到了瓶颈，几经努力但改善成果不 。这时正值Kafka流行，于是引起了阿里巴巴开发团队的注意，对kafka的无限消息堆积，高效持久化 度等特性非常赞赏。但不幸的是，Kafka不能满足他们的要求，特别是在低延迟和高可靠性方面。在 种情况下，阿里巴巴决定发明一个新的消息传递引擎来处理更广泛的用例集，从传统的发布/订阅方 到大批量实时零损失容忍交易系统。 里程碑 2012年，阿里巴巴开始开发RocketMQ，经历了数次双11核心交易链路检验。 2016年11月11日，RocketMQ又一次在阿里巴巴全球购物节上处理了1.2万亿个并发在线消息传输， 后阿里巴巴将RocketMQ捐献给Apache Incubator。 2017年9月25日 – Apache软件基金会，连同350多个开源项目的全体志愿者、开发人员、管理人员 和孵化项目组织，宣布Apache®RocketMQ™从Apache孵化器毕业成为顶级项目，这表明该项目的 区和产品已根据ASF的精英流程和原则得到了很好的管理。 现今，Apache RocketMQ在社区各方面的努力下，茁壮发展，很多功能都得到了加强。 RocketMQ的技术概览 在我们看来，它最大的创新点在于能够通过精巧的横向、纵向扩展，不断满足与日俱增的海量消息在 吞吐、高可靠、低延迟方面的要求。 目前RocketMQ主要由NameServer、Broker、Producer以及Consumer四部分构成，如下图所示。 原文链接：Apache RocketMQ 介绍 NameServer以轻量级的方式提供服务发现和路由功能，每个NameServer存有全量的路由信息，提 对等的读写服务，支持快速扩缩容。 Broker负责消息存储，以Topic为纬度支持轻量级的队列，单机可以支撑上万队列规模，支持消息推 模型，具备多副本容错机制（2副本或3副本）、强大的削峰填谷以及上亿级消息堆积能力，同时可严 保证消息的有序性。除此之外，Broker还提供了同城异地容灾能力，丰富的Metrics统计以及告警机 。这些都是传统消息系统无法比拟的。 Producer由用户进行分布式部署，消息由Producer通过多种负载均衡模式发送到Broker集群，发送 延时，支持快速失败。 Consumer也由用户部署，支持PUSH和PULL两种消费模式，支持集群消费和广播消息，提供实时的 息订阅机制，满足大多数消费场景。 特点 ● RocketMQ支持异步实时刷盘，同步刷盘，同步复制，异步复制。具有高可靠性。不会因为操作系 的崩溃而导致数据丢失。 ● RocketMQ经过一系列的实践和优化，处理速度从最初的10,000TPS到目前已经超过50,000TPS。 纯比较TPS的话虽然还不如Kafka的百万级别，但在支持事务的消息中间件来说已经是非常优秀了。 ● RocketMQ采用长轮询，消息投递延迟通常在几个毫秒左右。 ● RocketMQ单机最高支持5万个队列，且负载不会发生明显递增。 ● RocketMQ支持消费失败重试，这个特性非常适合运用在充值方面的应用。 ● RocketMQ支持严格的意义上的消息顺序。即时在一台Broker宕机后，消息发送会失败，但是不会 序。 ● RocketMQ支持定时消息 ● RocketMQ支持分布式事务消息 ● RocketMQ支持根据消息标识或内容查询。 ● RocketMQ支持按照时间来回溯消息，精度毫秒，例如从一天之前的某时某分某秒开始重新消费消 原文链接：Apache RocketMQ 介绍 。 其他消息中间件 RabbitMQ是AMQP规范的参考实现，AMQP是一个线路层协议，面面俱到，很系统，也稍显复杂。 前RabbitMQ已经成为OpenStack Iaas平台首选的消息服务，其背后的支持力度不言而喻。 ActiveMQ最初主要的开发者在LogicBlaze，现在主要开发红帽，是JMS规范的参考实现，也是Apach 旗下的老牌消息服务引擎。JMS虽说是一个API级别的协议，但其内部还是定义了一些实现约束，不 缺少多语言支撑。ActiveMQ的生态堪称丰富多彩，在该Apache顶级项目下，拥有不少子项目，包括 HornetMQ演变而来的Artemis，基于Scala号称下一代AMQ的Apollo等。 而Kafka最初被设计用来做日志处理，是一个不折不扣的大数据通道，追求高吞吐，存在丢消息的可 。其背后的研发团队也围绕着Kafka进行了商业包装，目前在一些中小型公司被广泛使用。 下表是一目了然的快速参考，可快速发现RocketMQ及其最受欢迎的替代产品之间的差异。 Messaging Product Client SDK Protocol and Specification Ordered Mess ge Scheduled Message Batched Message BroadCast Message Messa e Filter Server Triggered Redelivery Message Storage Message Retroactive essage Priority High Availability and Failover Message Track Configuration anagement and Operation Tools ActiveMQ Java, .NET, C++ etc. Push model, support OpenWire, STOMP, AMQP, M TT, JMS Exclusive Consumer or Exclusive Queues can ensure ordering Supported ot Supported Supported Supported Not Supported Supports very fast p rsistence using JDBC along with a high performance journal，such as levelDB, kahaDB S pported Supported Supported, depending on storage,if using kahadb it requires a ooKeeper server Not Supported The default configuration is low level, user need to optimize the configuration parameters Supported Kafka Java, Scala etc. Pull model, support TCP Ensure ordering of messages w thin a partition Not Supported Supported, with async producer Not Supported upported, you can use Kafka Streams to filter messages Not Supported High perfo mance file storage Supported offset indicate Not Supported Supported, requi es a ZooKeeper server Not Supported Kafka uses key-value pairs format for config ration. These values can be supplied either from a file or programmatically. Supported, u e terminal command to expose core metrics RocketMQ Java, C++, Go Pull model, support TCP, JMS, OpenMessaging Ens re strict ordering of messages,and can scale out gracefully Supported Supported, w th sync mode to avoid message loss Supported Supported, property filter expressi ns based on SQL92 Supported High performance and low latency file storage upported timestamp and offset two indicates Not Supported Supported, Master-Sl ve model, without another kit Supported Work out of box,user only need to pay at ention to a few configurations Supported, rich web and terminal command to expose co e metrics 文献参照 ● RocketMQ与Kafka对比（18项差异） ● 技术选型：RocketMQ or Kafka ● Apache Kafkaに入門した 原文链接：Apache RocketMQ 介绍 ● 解决KafKa数据存储与顺序一致性保证 ● Kafka : Ordering Guarantees ● Apache Kafka 从 0.7 到 1.0：那些年我们踩过的坑 ● Apache Kafkaの概要とアーキテクチャ ● Apache RocketMQ ● 专访RocketMQ联合创始人：项目思路、技术细节和未来规划 ● The Apache Software Foundation Announces Apache® RocketMQ™ as a Top-Level Project ● Apache RocketMQ开发者指南 ● 阿里RocketMQ是怎样孵化成Apache顶级项目的？ 原文链接：Apache RocketMQ 介绍.
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