6742 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 14, 1975 mining operation has been found in viola­ residential, or public facility (including rec­ affirmatively demonstrates that the proposed tion of the mining and reclamation per­ reational facilities) development is proposed development is proceeding in accordance with formance standards specified in section 502 for the postmining use of the affected land, the terms of the approved schedule and recla­ (a) during not less than two consecutive the regulatory authority may grant a vari­ mation plan." State inspections or upon receipt by the ance to the requirements for regrading, back­ Page 294, line 21, strike out all of lines 21 Secretary of information which would give filling, and spoil placement as set forth in thru 23 and substitute the following: rise to reasonable belief that such standards subsection 415(b) (3) or 415 (d) (2) where- "(2) on any Federal lands within the are being violated by any surface coal min­ "(A) after consultation with the appro­ boundaries of any national forest: Provided, ing operation, the Secretary shall order the pr~ate land use planning agencies, if any, That such prohibition shall not be applicable immediate inspection of such operation by the proposed development is deemed to con­ to surface operations and impacts incident Federal inspectors and the necessary en­ stitute an equal or better economic or pub­ to an underground coal mine: Provided forcement actions, if any, to be implemented lic use of the affected land, as compared further, That the Secretary of Agriculture pursuant to the Federal enforcement pro­ with the premining use; may set aside the prohibition on surface coal visions of this title. When the Federal in­ "(B) the granting of such proposed vari­ mining operations for a specific area or areas spection results from information provided ance is essential to obtaining the equal or if after due consideration of the existing and to the Secretary by any person, the Secre­ better economic or public use; potential multiple resource uses and values tary shall notify such persons when the "(C) the applicant presents specific plans he determines such action to be in the public Federal inspection is proposed to be carried for the proposed postmining land use and interest. Surface coal mining on any such out and such person shall be allowed to ac­ appropriate assurances that such use will areas shall be subject to the provisions ap­ company the inspector during the in.c:pec­ be- pllcable to other Federal lands as contained tion; "(i) compatible with adjacent land uses; in section 523;" " ( 3) for purposes of this section, the term "(11) obtainable aC'cording to data regard­ (Conforming amendment): line 19, page "Federal inspector" means personnel of the ing expected need and market; 296 after "pursuant to the Act," add the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and " ( 111) assured of investment in necessary following: "With respect to National Forest Enforcement and such additional personnel public facilities; System lands, the Secretary shall include in of the United States Geological Survey, Bu­ "(iv) supported -by commitments from permits, leases, and contracts those condi­ reau of Land. Management, or of the Mining public agencies where appropriate; tions and requirements deemed necessary by Enforcement and Safety Administration so "(v) practicable with respect to private the Secretary of Agriculture. The Secretary designated by the Secretary, or such other financial capability for completion of the of Agriculture shall administer the provi­ personnel of the Forest Service, Soil Conser­ proposed development; sions of such permits, leases, or contracts re­ vation Service, or the Agricultural Stabili­ "(vi) planned pursuant to a schedule at­ lating to reclamation and surface use, and zation and Conservation Service as arranged tached to the reclamation plan so as to inte­ is authorized to enforce such provisions." by appropriate agreement with the Secretary grate the mining operation and reclamation Page 305, line 1, strike all of Section 529, on a reimbursable or other basis; with the postmining land use; and consisting of lines 1 through 24, and Unes 1 "(4) provide that the State regulatory "(vii) designed by a registered engineer in through 3 on page 306. agency file with the Secretary and with a des­ conformance with professional standards es­ Page 315, line 17, after line 17, add the fol­ ignated Federal office centrally located in the tablished to assure the stability, drainage, lowing new subsection and reletter accord­ county or area in which the inspected surface and configuration necessary for the intended ingly: coal mine is located copies of inspection re­ use of the site; "(b) In order to provide greater certainty ports made; and "(D) the proposed use would be consistent in implementing and administering this Act, "(5) provide that moneys authorized by with adjacent land uses, and existing State the Secretary is authorized to define, pur­ section 712 shall be available to the Secre­ and local land use plans and programs; suant to -his general rulemaking authority, tary prior to the approval of a. State program "(E) the regulatory authority provides the such other terms used in this Act as may be pursuant to this Act to reimburse the States governing body of the unit of general pur­ susceptible to more than one reasonable in­ for conducting those inspections in which pose government in which the land is located terpretation, provided that such definitions the standards of this Act are enforced and for and any State or Federal agency which the are not inconsistent with specific provisions the administration of this section. regulatory agency, in its discretion, deter­ of the Act." "(g) The provisions of this section shall mines to have an interest in the proposed Page 328, line 15, strike all of Section 714 be applicable to surface coal mining and use, an opportunity of not more than forty­ through line 4, page 335 and add the follow­ reclamation operations on lands on which five days to review and comment on the pro­ ing new section: such operations are regulated by a State posed use; "SEc. 714. Nothing in this Act shall be con­ regulatory authority until a. State program is "(F) a public hearing, if requested after strued as increasing or diminishing any approved in accordance with the provisions of appropriate notice, 1s held in the locality of property rights held by the United States section 503 of this Act or until a Federal pro­ the proposed surface coal mining operation or by any other land owner." gram is promulgated in accordance with the prior to the grant of any permit including (Conforming amendments): Strike Sec­ requirements of section 504 of this Act." a Vlloriance; and tion 102(b), page 174, line 23 through line 2, (Conforming amendment): Title v, page "(G) all other requirements of this Act page 175. 286, Section 521 (a) ( 4) , line 24, strike the will be met. Strike Section 512(b) (8), page 243, lines 7 words "section 502 or" "(3) In granting any variance pursuant to through 9. Page 238, line 7, after the word "designed" this subsection the regulatory authority shall On page 307, line 24, strike the comma, in­ insert the phrase: "to the maximum extent require that- sert a period, and strike the remainder of practicable." "(A) the reclaimed area. is stable; the sentence. (Conforming amendment): Page 254, line "(B) no damage will be done to natural March 14, 1975. 22, after the word "preserving" insert the watercourses; and By Mr. WIRTH: phrase: "to the maximum extent practi­ "(C) all other requirements of this Act Page 294, Line 21, strike the words: cable". will be met. "boundaries of any national forest" and in­ Page 259, line 17, page 259, strike line 17 "(4) The regulatory authority shall pro­ sert the following: "the National Forest Sys­ through page 263, line 2 and substitute the mulgate specific regulations to govern the tem." following: granting of variances in accord with the pro­ H.R. 4296 "(c) (1) Each State program may and each visions of this subsection, and may impose By Mr. KREBS: Federal program shall include procedures such additional requirements as it deems to Page 2, line 2, strike the figure "48 cents" pursuant to which the regulatory authority be necessary. and insert in lieu thereof the figure "45 may permit variances for the purposes set " ( 5) All variances granted under the pro­ cents". forth in this subsection. visions of this subsection shall be reviewed Page 2, line 6, strike the figure "40 cents" "(2) In cases where an industrial, com­ not more than three years from the date of and insert in lieu thereof the figure "38 mercial (including commercial agricultural), issuance of the permit, unless the applicant cents".

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

DAffiY FARM SITUATION guided impression that they can do the uation which exists on dairy farms to­ consumers a favor by opposing the dairy day. portion of the farm bill scheduled for Some urban legislators have remarked HON. DAVID R. OBEY consideration next week. OF WISCONSIN to me that they cannot believe that the I am inserting four articles from the dairy farm situation is as serious as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wall Street Journal, the Wisconsin claimed because they see no decline in Friday, March 14, 1975 Rapids Daily Tribune, the Milwaukee supermarket prices for dairy products. Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, some urban Journal and the Milwaukee Sentinel, That irritates farmers as much as any­ Members of Congress are under the mis- which vividly portray the disastrous sit- one else. March 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6743 Let me suggest that if urban Members reason. The 41-year-old Mr. Musgrave, for did a year ago, while middlemen who process of Congress want to do more than pos­ example, has seen milo prices climb to $6.50 and distribute it to retail shoppers have in­ ture about the growing gap betw-een the a hundred pounds from $4.40 since June and creased their portion by nearly one-fifth. soybean supplement prices reach $7.51 a Last month, the Agriculture Department price farmers receive and the prices hundred pounds from $5.61. That leaves him said Monday, the retail cost of a market housewives pay in the grocery store, they with feed costs for his 132-cow herd of about basket of farm-produced food cost a record will support the dairy section of the farm $4,000 a month, up from about $3,500 in $1,779 on an annual basis. That was up $4 bill and join me in supporting dramatic June. from September and included a farm value and even radical increases in funds for Elsewhere, the situation is much the same. of $734 and a middleman portion of $1,045. the Justice Department and the Federal "I was astounded when my feed costs went The farm share was up $7 from September, Trade Commission to enable those two over $100 a ton last year," says dairyman according to the USDA figures, but middle­ agencies to expand their investigation Charles Anken of Holland Patent, N.Y., "and men trimmed their share $3 mainly because now they're approaching $200 a ton." And Bill of reduced margins for beef, pork, poultry, into and control of monopolistic and Oswalt, a Kalamazoo, Mich., dairyman, says fresh fruits and vegetables. anticonsumer market practices. hay prices have gone to $120 a ton from $45 But department records show the modest The articles follow: in a matter of weeks. Nationally, feed costs, cutback on middleman food price markups [From the Wall Street Journal, Nov. 4, 1974] which normally constitute about half the op­ was only the third this year, meaning that in erating costs of dairying jumped 20 % from seven out of 10 months those increased. U.S. DAIRY FARMERS FIND SELVES SQUEEZED July to August. BETWEEN SOARING COSTS, SAGGING PRICES Compared with October 1973 when there­ But milk prices haven't kept pace. In Mr. tail cost of a market basket was $1,620 on (By Robert L. Simison) Musgrave's case, sluggish milk prices com­ an annual basis, middleman charges for mov­ SULPHUR SPRINGS, TEx.-Ray Musgrave, a bined with a normal seasonal decline in ing food from the farm to consumer shop­ big-boned Texan with hands thrust deep in milk output to leave his September milk ping carts have risen 17.3 per cent while the pockets of his faded dungarees, kicks de­ check at $6,500, down from $8,900 in June. farmers in October got six-tenths of 1 per jectedly at the red bricks of the town square The net price he receives for each hundred cent more as their share. with the toe of his boot and says, "It kind pounds of milk increased to $8.06 from $8 in Put another way, last month's USDA mar­ of makes you want to sit down and cry." that time. ket basket cost consumers $159 more than it As a dairyman in this lush, East Texas The wholesale milk prices paid to farmers did at its annual rate in October, 1973. Of dairy region, Mr. Musgrave would seem to normally dip during the summer as produc­ the increase, middleman charges accounted have good reason. For despite such desperate tion increases seasonally, but this year prices for $156 and farmers got $3. efforts to cut costs as selling off part of his came crashing down an extraordinary 15% Since last January-when farm prices for herd, killing his bull calves and giving away between March and July. Consumer resist­ many commodities were going up-the rela­ heifer calves, he faces the prospect of losing ance to high retail prices was diverting milk tionship between producer and middleman his 318-acre farm outside nearby Mount into such lower-paying uses as the manu­ shares of consumer food spending has been Pleasant from his inability to meet his ex­ facture of cheese, butter and evaporated even more lopsided. penses. milk, where the market was glutted from in­ In January, USDA says, the market basket And he has lots of company among the creased imports of dairy products. Since then, rate was $1,680 a year or $99 less than it was nation's 300,000 dairymen, who say they're continued declines in consumer demand and last month. But then the farm share was being squeezed as never before between production gains sparked by last winter's $777 and the middleman share $903. soaring feed costs and weak wholesale milk high prices have delayed seasonal increases Thus, a simple comparison between the prices. "I expect to see as many dairymen go and kept them smaller than usual. two months shows that while the farm value out of business between now and Christmas The combination of rising feed costs and of market basket food declined $43 from as I've seen in the last two years," says sluggish milk prices has left dairymen January to October the middleman portion Alpheus Ruth, a Fleetwood, Pa., dairyman. struggling to pay their other operating costs. rose $142 a year. Clifford H. Burton, dairy economist at Okla­ "You get only two things for free in farm­ In the case of farmers--using the USDA homa State University says: "In the 21 years ing," figures dairyman Charles Miller of basket figures--their share of what consum­ I have worked with milk producers, they Hackettstown, N.J. "Air and water." Among ers paid for food in October was 5.5 per cent have never, even for a short time, experi­ Mr. Miller's other operating requirements, less than it was last January. And the mid­ enced the financis.l crisis they have faced the cost of fertilizer for his corn has reached dleman portion was up 15.7 per cent. since June 1, 1974." $185 a ton from $75 a year ago. For consumers, the dairymen's woes al­ And Mr. Musgrave, who faces debt pay­ [From the Milwaukee (Wis.) Sentinel, most certainly will mean even higher prices ments of $3,200 a month on loans of $50,000 Nov. 30, 1974] for land, cattle and the sopLi&ticated equip­ because of reduced production, although no FARMERS' COSTS RISE WHILE INCOME DROPS one can safely predict how high retail milk ment of modern dairying, says his costs for raising and baling his own hay have risen to WASHINGTON, D.C.-Farro markets reversed prices will go. And some dairy experts pre­ themselves in the first two weeks in Novem­ dict temporary, local shortages and price dis­ $1.06 a bale from 56 cP-nts a year ago. He ex­ pects to have a personal loss of about $9,000 ber while costs rose, bringing farmers a lower tortions by late summer next year. In the return than the previous month, the US longer term, dairy economists believe cur­ this year, contrasted with personal net in­ come of $14,000 last year. Agriculture Department reported Friday. rent conditions could endanger domestic Ironically, low cattle prices may force Farm markets slid back 1.5% in the month milk capacity for the six to seven years it ending Nov. 15, following a 4 % gain the would take to rebuild herds allowed to dwin­ many dairymen who otherwise would sell out to stay in business. Mr. Musgrave, who previous month, the department said. dle now. trimmed his herd this year, to 132 cows from The report said an index of farm expenses Cyclical hard times are nothing new to 178, says cows that brought $650 a head a was '.lp 1 % in mid-November to a level 17 % the dairy industry. But the current crunch year ago sold for $180 to $200 this year. above a year earlier. With average farm prices comes at a time when the industry appeared Meanwhile, dairymen feel politically sty­ down and costs up for the month, officials to be stabilizing after suffering heavy attri­ mied by the taint of scandal surrounding do­ said farm returns in mid-November dropped tion during a similar price-cost squeeze in nation of funds to public officials by some to 76 % of the "fair earning power" parity the middle and late 1960s. Total U.S. milk dairy groups. "If any official tries to help us standard ~om pared with 78 % in October and production declined steadily from 1965 now," says Mrs. Vera Harrington, who with 89 % a year earlier. through 1969, but production was picking up her husband operates three dairy farms near The department's monthly farm price re­ this year in response to high milk prices last Sulphur Springs, "they'll holler, 'How much port said the November decline was due winter. is he being paid?'" The Agriculture Depart­ mainly to lower prices for beef cattle, soy­ Hard times have returned with alarming ment is considering proposals made at re­ beans, oranges, upland cotton and corn, impact. The Minnesota Agriculture Depart­ cent hearings to adjust the federal milk which retreated from the record it reached ment is calling it a "disaster situation." marketing formula by setting a temporary in October. "I've never seen so many auction bills in 10 minimum for the price of milk for fluid use. Milk and tomato prices increased, and the years," a spokesman says. In Pennsylvania, but only minor relief is expecwd. average of all raw farm product prices re­ dairy spokesmen claim as many as a quar­ All in all, dairymen generally are facing mained five-tenths of 1 % more than a year ter of the state's 16,500 dairymen could be the future with the heaviest gloom in years. earlier, the report showed. forced under by spring. And even in Wiscon­ "The frustrating part of it," says Norman In spite of the November decline at the sin, the nation's biggest dairy state, Agricul­ Alger, a Mantua, Ohio, dairyman, "is that farm level, government officials are predict­ ture Secretary Donald E. Wilkinson says the we can't produce milk at a price people want ing that retail food prices will continue to state could lose 2,000 of its 53,000 dairy to pay for it." rise next year following a 14 or 15% increase herds, well above the average annual loss for this year. the last decade. Average retail food prices rose last month "We've never faced such circumstances as [From the Wisconsin Rapids Dally Tribune. to another new record and data in the farm we're facing now," says Samuel F. Howe, as­ Nov. 26, 1974] price report Friday indicated there may be sociate general manager of the nation's FARMERS GETTING SAME SHARE OF FOOD DOLL

ORGANIZED CHAOS to let them go. I couldn't service every­ to require that all future pay increases And around the yellow and brown walled thing." for Member of Congress be submitted to room (normally a children's recreation area), Twice a week now, usually around 3 a.m., an open vote by the entire membership other members of the Union Settlement Anderson and a couple of friends scoot out of their beds and climb into an old, pale of the House of Representatives. Other Food Buying Club, 237 E. 104th St., one of Members have offered similar proposals. several closely-tied food cooperatives in the blue pickup and drive to the Hunts Point city, were at work-uncrating, weighing and Market in The Bronx, where they purchase But no action has been taken by the bagging fresh tomatoes, onions, potatoes, let­ goods for federation members. committee to which these are assigned. tuce, green peppers, apples, oranges and "People make out their orders and we pick I am sure the public did not realize other fresh goodies. It was a Thursday, the up the money beforehand," says Anderson. what was happening in 1967 when Con­ club's delivery day. "I try to look around for a good buy at the gress enacted the present back-door pay "It's organized chaos," one man said, as market. I don't just shop one place. increase system, a procedure under which he struggled to pry open a crate of oranges, In an average week, Anderson will purchase more than $2000 in groceries (the average the President recommends salary in­ "but it's worth it. We're saving a lot of crease for judges, high-level executives, money." weekly order is around $6)-hundreds of According to Dan Flavin, coordinator of pounds of fruit, vegetables and dairy prod­ and Members of Congress, and the raises the club (they prefer the term to coopera­ ucts. By buying in bulk, Anderson says, his go into effect automatically unless vetoed tive), members (mostly low-income) save as clients save substantially. by the House or Senate. This means much as $4 out of every $10. 25 PERCENT UNEMPLOYED Members of Congress can avoid voting on "We bu~· at the current wholesale price "I'd say that what we bring back, for what their own pay increases. and we give the immediate wholesale price we spend, represents about $1000 in savings. What a cynical procedure. to the members," the bearded, energetic Fla­ Anderson backed this up by pointing to a Personally, I think this is the wrong vin said. "All the work-packaging the prod­ recent Federation weekly price list: five time for a pay increase; most of our con­ ucts, handling the money-is done by our pounds of potatoes for 26c; five pounds of stituents are suffering real hardship from members, which include about 125 families plantans, 16c; Spanish onions, 13c a head now. bananas, 15c a pound. the Nation's economic problems. Mem­ "As you probably know," Flavin added, But despite these reasonable prices, coop­ bers of Congress should set an example "the quality of food in East Harlem isn't that eratives in the Federation are haVing their of restraint and holding down unneces­ great, neither are the prices. Even the sale problems. sary spending. The last thing we should items in the stores around here are lousy. "Stealing used to be pretty bad around do is raise our own pay. Our members are making a great savings on here," said Dan Flavin. "We'd usually lose But it is not just the money that con­ their pocketbooks and their health." about $30 or $40 in produce a week." [Flavin cerns me. VISITORS FROM THE BRONX added that most of the stealing was done by There is an issue of principle involved In the last three years, food cooperatives club members.] that is more important than cost­ harve sprouted up all over the city. No one "When you have a tremendous amount of unemployment in an area, and there's more whether Congress will be forthright knows exactly how many there are, but the to city's Consumer Affairs Dept. has identified than 25 per cent unemployment in East Har­ enough require a vote on Mempers' pay 47 (most other studies estimate between lem, then you're going to have stealing. We increases instead of waiting for an op­ 40 and 50). had to develop this bag tagging system in portunity to let an increase go into effect "Our list is in no way complete," cau­ order to curb the stealing." without a vote. I think it is time-indeed, tioned Kenneth Winlkoff, a spokesman for According to Father John Dougherty, the long past time-to reestablish proce­ Consumer Affairs. "It's really hard to take third figure instrumental in organizing the dures which require Members to vote on measure of these things because they're all Federation, a recent survey he had taken among the cooperative members at his salary issues and put an end to back-door done independently." raises. The same principle should apply Despite their independent beginnings, church, St. Stephen of Hungary, 414 E. 82d neighborhood cooperatives, like the one at St., uncovered complaints about food qual­ to those allowances, such as the station­ Union Settlement, often give one another ity. ery account, which are really a form of a hand. "In the long run the food is good, but salary to Members. These should be in­ REAL ECONOMIC POWER sometimes the bananas and other fruits are creased only after a vote by the full overripe," Father Dougherty said. "With a small operation like they've got, House. He also expressed concern that not enough I can not see why we should fear such 30, 35 families, it doesn't really pay," Flavin members of his parish (mostly middle in­ said later. "But working with us, they'll have come) had become interested in the opera­ a procedure. If and when the time comes real economic power." tion and made it worthwhile. that Members' salaries or allowances Flavin, who organized his first food coop­ "I got involved in this," Father Dougherty should be raised, I will not hesitate to erative while doing missionary work in Peru says, "because I felt it would be a good way vote to do so. And I am confident the several years ago, believes strongly in co­ to spread communication in the parish. We people of my district will support such a operatives working together. Two years ago, have only 30 families that place weekly or­ together with a black actor and a white decision if it is justified. ders, and not many of them are from the But they will not support continuation priest, he organized 11 city cooperatives into parish. Something like this necessitates peo­ a federation. ple becoming close to one another, working of the present back-door method of in­ The East Harlem Food Buying Federation, side by side, and I guess some people just creasing pay and allowances. Nor do I. as it's called, involves 600 families in 11 don't want to get involved." That is why I have joined in sponsoring clubs. Three of those clubs are in East Har­ "It's a matter of people helping themselves legislation to require a vote by all Mem­ lem, one in The Bronx and the others are and their neighbors at the same time," added bers of the House. spread throughout the Upper West Side. Jim Anderson. "I'm not completely satis­ I hope this bill will soon be enacted. Most active in the federation's develop­ fied with the support we're getting either. ment was Jim Anderson, a former juvenile We hope that cooperative thinking can help delinquent, dock worker, Golden Gloves to change the prevalent community values. THE GEORGIA POWER PROJECT: boxer and actor. A native of Harlem, the 48- Instead of people bickering about how much year-old Anderson left the U. S. several years A STRATEGY FOR SOCIALISM­ more money their neighbor is making, they PART ill ago to tour Europe and South America with should be going out trying to find out who the controversial Living Theater, a politi­ their neighbors are, to help one another. cally-oriented group of New York actors. "That's what this is about, it's all for the HON. LARRY McDONALD "While I was down there," Anderson re­ community." called, "I noticed there was quite a bit of OF GEORGIA difference between the prices for produce IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES there, compared to here. CONGRESSIONAL PAY REFORM "A friend had taken me to see how a co­ Friday, March 14, 1975 operative worked before I left New York Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. and I had been very impressed. After I had HON. WILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG Speaker, the Georgia Power Project is seen the Southern prices I knew that when OF COLORADO one of many radical U.S. groups calling I got back to New York I was going to or­ ganize a cooperative, just like the one I'd .IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for socialism-total Government con­ trol-as a "pie-in-the-sky" panacea for seen." Friday, March 14, 1975 He did. In fact, he eventually organized the energy shortage. more than 20. Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, sev­ In their hatred for the free enterprise "Some died," Anderson said. "I just had eral months ago I introduced legislation system. the Marxists oppase Government CXXI--427-Part 6 6746 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 14, 1975 deregulation which would give private ator McGovern; UAW president Walter Reu­ "There is a need for a totally new energy industry the incentive to develop new ther; and Paul Ylvisaker, a former Ford structure. There is a need for a • • • Na­ Foundation official. tional Energy Council-a Council of People's sources and new resources of energy. The CCC organized the February, 1974, Cit­ Power; a council that will own and operate For the enlightenment of my col­ izens Energy Conference, described by the all energy related businesses from the oil, leagues, I am providing brief character­ liberal Washington Post as "the first time coal and gas fields to the refineries, to their izations of some of the organizations the radic-libs have had a chance to talk to distribution, including all power plants and either whose members are actively in­ each other since the national light changed nuclear plants. • • • In the process of volved in the GPP activities or who have and the sky darkened for Nixon." campaigning for it we can expose the crimi­ worked with the GPP at the GPP's 1973 Among the better known radical and li­ nal nature of monopoly capital. • • • Atlanta conference on the energy crisis beral groups attending the conference as " * • • But only by taking over the en­ of the 1974 citizens energy conference spon sors were Americans for Democratic Ac­ ergy complex from start to finish can there tion (ADA), American Federation of State, be a rational plan for the use and produc­ and whose positions give direct or par­ County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), tion of energy, • * *. allel support to GPP policies. Amalgamated Meatcutters and Butcher "* • * This campaign must involve the Among these are: Workmen's Union; Clergy and Laity Con­ hundreds of millions who are victims of the AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTms UNION cern ed; Common Cause; the Council onEco­ energy crisis. Because of the scope of this The American Civil Liberties Union nomic Priorities; Georgia Power Project; the problem, it can be a key link that will move (ACLU) was developed in 1920 by several Grey Panthers; Institute for Policy Studies millions into the struggle against monopoly." groups of militant radical pacifists who were (IPS); Medical Committee for Human Rights A mere two months after these guidelines active in opposition to U.S. participation in (MOHR); Movement for EconOinic Justice; were given to America's disloyal opposition, World War I. With national headquarters in National Council of Churches; National the Citizens Energy Conference was con­ New York, ACLU now has over 46 state and Lawyers Guild (NLG); National Student As­ vened in Washington, D.C. At the meeting of city affiliates, more than 130,000 members sociation (NSA); Oil, Chemical and Atomic the "radical/liberals," many speakers, work­ and annual income exceeding $1.2 million. Workers (OCAW); United Farm Workers shop leaders and newly emerged, self-styled The ACLU was characterized by Commu­ Union; United Mineworkers of America citizens groups parroted Hall's demands. It nist Party general secretary Earl Browder in (UNWA); War Tax Resistance; Women's In­ may reasonably be presumed that once again 1939 as a "transmission belt" for communist ternational League for Peace and Freedom the CPUSA was demonstrating its skill in programs and positions, rather than as a (WILPF) and the Communist Party's youth employing subterfuge and deceit to fur­ directly controlled Party front. Although for group, the Young Workers Liberation ther its revolutionary goals. a time the ACLU prohibited admitted Com­ League. munist Party members from serving as ACLU Additional delegations attended represent­ THE HIGHLANDER CENTER officials and expelled the two members of ing the Communist Party, U .S.A., which gave For the past 43 years, the Highlander Cen­ the Communist Party National (central) the conference considerable publicity in the ter has served as a research and education Committee which sat on its board, ACLU Daily World; the Trotskyist communist So­ center for radicals. Founded and still led by made no attempt to expel non -leadership cialist Workers Party front, the U.S. Com­ Myles Horton, 70, the Center is now located communists or to find hidden communists mittee for Justice to Latin American Politi­ in Knoxville, Tennessee. among its members and leaders. cal Prisoners (USLA); the Workers World During the 1950's, the Highlander Center, ACLU has numerous active members who Party; New American Movement; the Na­ then the Highlander Folk School, was char­ also hold membership or executive positions tional Tenants Organization (NTO); the acterized in testimony before a U.S. Senate in identified Communist Party fronts such Sierra Club; Environmental Action Founda­ Sub-Committee as "a school operated at as the National Lawyers Guild, the National tion; the Media Access Project; Urban Lea­ Monteagle, Tennessee, ostensibly as an inde­ Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, etc. gue, and many more. pendent labor school but actually working in One such example is seen in the activities close cooperation with the Communist of Reber Boult who after resigning as direc­ COMMUNIST PARTY, U.S.A. Party." tor of the Georgia ACLU, went to the Far Members of the Communist Party, U.S.A. In 1963, in hearings before the Joint Legis­ East to head one of the National Lawyers (CPUSA) including Barry Cohen, secretary lative Committee on Un-American Activities Guild's Southeast Asia Military Law Project of the CPUSA National Commission; its of the State of Louisiana, the Highlander offices. Military authorities changed the NLG youth organization, the Young Workers Lib­ Center was further identified as being deeply project with creating dissension and disloyal­ eration League (YWLL); CPUSA dominated involved with the Communist Party, U.S.A. ty among U.S. servicemen. Boult is the and influenced unions including the United At the GPP's Atlanta Conference on the estranged husband of NLG and Power Project Electrical Workers (UE) and the Amalga­ Energy Crisis, panelist Jim Branscombe of activist Ginny Boult. mated Meatcutters; and controlled organiza­ the Highlander Center discussed the "peo­ Boult's successor as director of the Georgia tions such as the National Lawyers Guild and ple's" use of violence and sabotage against ACLU is Gene Guerrero, also a GPP activist. the People's Coalition for Peace and Justice coal companies at some length and provided Gene and Nancy Guerrero were members o:f (PCPJ) took active roles in the February, some specific examples of its use as a method the board of directors of the Southern Con­ 1974, Citizens Energy Conference with mem­ of "resistance." An experienced public ference Educational Fund (SCEF) in 1969. bers of the Georgia Power Project. speaker, Branscombe avoided direct advocacy SCEF was the successor of the Southern Con­ As set forth in other sections of this re­ of violence at that time. ference for Human Welfare, cited by the port, the members of the GPP have records House Committee on Un-American Activities of affiliation with various CPUSA controlled as a Communist-front organization "which organizations including the Southern Con­ seeks to attract southern liberals on the basis ference Educational Fund and the NLG. OUR MILITARY DEFENSE BUDGET of its seeming interest in the problems of The 1947 House Committee on Un-Ameri­ the South." can Activities characterization of the CPUSA rem.ains accurate: HON. JAMES G. MARTIN CENTER FOR COMMUNITY CHANGE "[The CPUSA is] an organization operat­ OF NORTH CAROLINA The Center for Community Change was ing under centralized discipline subordinated founded in 1968 "to focus national atten­ to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion on issues related to poverty" and to • • • whose basic aim, whether open or con­ Friday, March 14, 1975 "press for government programs and prac­ cealed, is the abolition of our present eco­ tices responsive to the needs of the poor." nomic system and democratic form of gov­ Mr. MARTIN. Mr. Speaker, the entire The recipient of a $3.5 million grant from ernment and the establishment of a Soviet country should be concerned about our the Ford Foundation, CCC was formed by dictatorship in its place. • • • An organiza­ military defense budget. Some like to the merger of three ultra-liberal, activist tion resorting to deception, evasion, illegal focus on its si22e, others focus on whether organizations: the Citizens Crusade Against methods, violence, and civil war, methods it is adequate. I submit for the RECORD Poverty, a project started by the United Auto implicit in its revolutionary purpose." the following editorial from the Char­ Workers; the Social Development Program In a lengthy report to the CPUSA Na­ lotte, N.C. Observer: then headed by Jack Conway, a former presi­ tional Councll 1n December, 1973, Gus Hall, dent of Americans for Democratic Action and CPUSA general secretary, charged the major [From the Charlotte (N.C.) Observer, Feb. AFL-CIO official who later became a lead­ energy companies with a "conspiracy of ex­ 21, 1975] ing figure of the Rockefeller dominated Com­ tortion" with "energy the hostage." He said: OUR Mn.ITARY BUDGET AND BRITAIN's mon Cause group; and the Citizens Advocate "The crime of extortion is serious. There­ Britain is not exactly a bantamweight Center created by NLG activities Edgar and fore, the solutions must fit the scope of the when it comes to military strength. Its Jean Camper Cahn, the founders of OEO crime. This is a moment to initiate a cam­ worldwide military outposts have shrunk Legal Services. · paign to nationalize the whole energy sector 1n number and size in recent years, but it CCC's founding directors included Jack of the economy. The nation cannot afford remains a great military power. Conway; Judian Bond, a onetime sponsor of to have its life and death resources in the And so it is interesting to consider this the SDS Radical Education Project; Frank hands of irresponsible, cold-blooded gang­ comparison: Mankiewlcz, former press secre'OO.ry to Robert sters without a social conscience. Public Defense Secretary Schlesinger has pro­ Kennedy and campaign manager for Sen- utilities must belong to the public. posed a new defense budget of $92.8 billion March 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6747 through the Defense Department and $1.8 elevators or corridors. The regulations defeating his purpose, and his sense of duty­ billion for the Energy Research and Develop­ also forbid such photos from being requi­ together with his conviction that one must ment Agency for nuclear materials for wea­ sitioned or purchased with public funds. constantly strive to improve one's mind­ pons and for reactor fuel. kept him alert and striving to the end. As That would mean an increase of $8 billion This move by the Postal Service is he once put it himself, "the rule of joy and over the current year. symptomatic of the general effort in cer­ the rule of duty seem to me all one." And that increase is very close to the sum tain quarters to make the o:f:Iice of the In his speech last week, Freund said that that Britain annually devotes to its entire President of the United States one of no Holmes had "a creative playfulness of spirit" miU tary budget. importance, and I find it deeply troubling that manifested itself in his writing and talk, "and it provided justification for his skepti­ Mr. Speaker, although I realize the that this trend has appeared in a Fed­ eral agency. There are some who would cal mind to champion the utmost freedom commentary was somewhat "tongue-in­ of expression in our constitutional order. cheek," I was moved to reply as follows: have us believe that Americans no longer "Within the chambers of the court he respect the highest o:f:Iice in the land, and EorroR, carried off his labors with a jauntiness of The Charlotte Observer, that the President of the United States spirit that disguised the meticulous care Charlotte, N.C. is not an individual of paramount im­ of his note-taking on the bench and his an­ DEAR Sm: The Observer editorial of Febru­ portance in our lives. alysis of the issues." ary 21st compares the military budgets of We must speak out against these When Holmes developed pneumonia, his Great Britain and the United States. You efforts to downgrade the Presidency and doctor put him under an oxygen tent. To observed that the $8 billion increase proposed try to cheer the patient, and recalling the make its occupant a "nonperson." The enormous impact the Civil War had on him, for our defense budget is almost the total vast majority of Americans still strongly that they spend on defense. In the light of Rowe said: "Every soldier to his tent." your earlier editorials, that seems to imply support our constitutional system and The old justice pulled his right hand from that we should copy them. the o:f:Iice of President of the United beneath the cover and thumbed his nose at Let me add a couple of observations. First, States, and believe that public recogni­ the upstart law clerk. Great Britain is spending roughly the same tion of him in public buildings is proper. Once when Corcoran, who also had been a percentage of her Gross National Product as The President's fiscal 1976 budget clerk to Holmes, was talking to him, the we are. In recent years British milita.ry ex­ Justice said "there were two guys on the requests a payment to the Postal Service court in your memory, boy, who knew what penditures have risen faster than inflation. of $1.49 billion. Ignoring his efforts on OUrs have not. they were doing." While we should commend them for being their behalf, Postal Service o:t:Iicials wish "You, of course," Corcoran commented. willing to carry their share of the burden to "economize" by refusing to purchase "Of course," Holmes replied. When Cor­ for our mutual defense, we must not shirk or display any pictures of the President. coran couldn't guess the other, Holmes said: our share by deep cuts at this time. While I commend the USPS for its efforts "It was White (Chief Justice Edward Adjusted to allow for the declining pur­ at economy, I respectfully suggest that Douglass White of Louisiana) . Because White chasing power of the dollar, the $92.8 billion the cost of the new dining table in the had been in the war on one side and I had request for our Department of Defense is less been in the war on the other side, it was our Postmaster General's suite would alone business to see that there was never a civil than was requested for last year and less cover the purchase of enough pictures of than was approved in any year since the war in the United States again. Korean War. the President for every post o:f:Iice in the "Now, one of the ways to prevent that is With the current make-up of the Congress, Nation. I further suggest that so long as when you handle the hot social issues you it can be predicted that the Defense request the Postal Service is a part of the Fed­ never dramatize them. You handle them in will be cut again to less than a 5% increase eral Government and subsidized with such a way that you decide the particular over last year, while social spending will taxpayer doBars, it should pay due re­ case before you on as.narrow ground as pos­ continue to grow at a 14% rate. Meanwhile, sible. You make no big talk about how this spect to the leader of our Nation by great right is being protected. SOviet mil1tary manpower and spending are public display of his picture. growing faster in nearly all categories. In "White and I had a technique. He wrote the last three years they produced six times opinions so long no one could understand, as many tanks, seven times the artillery, except the result; I wrote opinions so short more than three times the ships, and almost no one could understand, except the result. twice as many planes. We edged ahead in THE GREATEST JUDGE But we edged the law along. No more Dred helicopters. Furthermore, their military man­ Scott decisions." power has grown to just over 4 million while Both Rowe and Corcoran, in attempting ours has declined to just over 2 million, with HON. RICHARD BOLLING to explain the Holmes mind and its great Russia holding the same 2: 1 edge in Europe. OF MISSOURI strength, agreed that the four years of battle had a profound effect on him. "He fought al­ Reducing our forces has not tempted them IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to reduce theirs. most every day for four years, and most of It would please me to continue a dialogue Friday, March 14, 1975 his classmates were killed," Rowe said. "I of published opinions with you regarding the think the Civil War was the making of him. Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, the fol­ And then his prodigious scholarship." decisions that are coming on our military lowing article about a wise man appeared budget. We both want an adequate defense. Holmes once said "there is nothing so What is adequate can best be judged on the in the Washington Post of Wednesday, salutary as commanding men under fire," basis of what the Soviet Union is up to, not March 12, 1975: Corcoran recalled. "You never are sure you on what our valiant ally Great Britain can THE G&:.lATEST JUDGE are right," the justice went on. "But you have to act." do. (By Carroll Kilpatrick) Sincerely, "The war made him understand that in Forty years ago this month, two young the world of action you have to make deci­ JAMES G. MARTIN, Washington lawyers sat in a house on Eye Member of Congress. sions on insufficient information, but you Street and watched an old man, whose life make them hard," Corcoran said. "With all spanned almost hal! the lifetime of this his grace, all his challenge-and he was a republic and who was three times wounded man of great humor-he had the old Puritan in the Civil War, die of pneumonia. ethic and sense of duty." POSTAL SERVICE SLAP AT "We think we are the beginning of the uni­ Corcoran was present on the famous occa­ PRESIDENT verse," the old man once commented to sion in 1933 when the new President, Frank­ Thomas G. Corcoran, one of the young men lin D. Roosevelt, called on Holmes at the with him at the end. "But we are less than house on Eye Street. When the President HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG 200 years old in a civiUzation that goes back asked him why he was reading a difficult OF FLORIDA at least 6000 years." book he saw on the table, the justice re­ "lia was the greatest judge, greater than IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES plied: "To improve my mind, Mr. President." Joh~ Marshall," James H. Rowe, the other When the President left, Corcoran asked Friday, March 14, 1975 young lawyer and now Corcoran's partner, Holmes what he thought, and the justice said the other day. They were reminiscing Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, replied: "Son, he's an exact copy of his about Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., who died Cousin Theodore. Remember, Theodore said I rise to draw my colleagues' attention on March 6, 1935, two days before his 94th to me when I wouldn't decide the Northern to a move by the U.S. Postal Service to birthday. Securities' case the way he wanted it that he downgrade the Presidency of the United Las·.; week at the Har'VIard Law School, there could carve a justice with more backbone out States. was a memorial for Holmes, and Prof. Paul A. Freund said that Holmes' "skepticism was of a banana. A UPI wire report of March 4 states saved from aridity by a strong Puritan sense "He's like Theodore-a second class intel­ that postal regulations have been of duty, and from cynicism by a romantic lect but a first class temperament, and what changed to prohibit pictures of incum­ faith in striving." this country needs now is the Roosevelt tem­ bent or former Presidents from display In other words, Holmes' Puritan conscience perament." in post office lobbies or in areas such as kept his pessimism about mankind from In addition to sitting on the Massachusetts 6748 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 14, 1975 Supreme Court for 20 years and the Supreme I think that the need for gasoline and nard Baruch wrote a memorandum for Court here for 29 years and writing hundreds other oil products should be decreased in President Truman outlining the causes of decisions, Holmes wrote countless letters several different ways, some of them could and effects of the economic instability as well as books and a few speeches. They save huge amounts a day and others a small­ contain some of the wisest words in the Eng­ er amount but taken altogether they could our Nation was experiencing. My father lish language: "Life is action, the use of one's make a savings of more than a million barrels former Congressman Hamilton Fish, in powers. And to use them to their height is a day. a letter to the editor of the Wall Street our joy and duty, so it is the one end that The things I am about to suggest as a Journal on December 20, 1974, cited this justifies itself ... Life is a roar of bargain start are only a theory as everything that memorandum and its relevance to our and battle; but in the very heart of it there has been mentioned so far except rationing own situation today. I am inserting the rises a mystic spiritual tone that gives mean­ or allocation but I believe it will work. full text of this letter to the editor which ing to the whole, and transmutes the dull de­ Other than the gasoline consumed by food I believe my colleagues will find of inter­ tails into romance." Or "the minute a phrase stamp recipients as I have already mentioned becomes current it becomes an apology for and I still believe there is some way to con­ est: not thinking accurately to the end of the serve some of that gasoline, I think the gov­ RECALLING THE PAST sentence." ernment should use some of the jobs they Editor, The Wall Street Journal: Most famous of all: "The life of the law are creating to establish at least one person Bernard Baruch held many important non­ has not been logic; it has been experience." in every town of any size that is any distance political positions in the federal government A few days before Holmes died, he began from the nearest unemployment office to and rendered outstanding service in all of looking for a commonplace book he had kept handle the bi-weekly claims that have to be them. Perhaps his greatest service was his about his family and in which he listed all filed. I do not know if every State is like clear-cut vision of the danger of inflation. the books he had read, with notes on many Kentucky but the people here have to drive He wrote a memorandum for President of them. He thought it was too personal and sixty miles every two weeks to refile their Truman on February 13, 1946 which is even that it should be destroyed. Corcoran hid claim. This could be eliminated, saving people more needed now. He said, "If inflation is the book, then pretended to help Holmes money, trouble and conserve approximately not controlled, the dollar will buy less; not look for it. two million gallons of gasoline a day if every alone day by day, but hour by hour and "When he died, the first thing I did was State is like Kentucky, besides giving out a minute by minute. This prophecy has proved take that book," Corcoran said. "The next few more useful jobs. I believe a lot of the accurate enough. Since the end of the war, day I sent it to the Harvard Law Library, jobs could be of the oil and energy saving consistently inflationary policies have pyra­ mided the national debt to astronomical pro­ where it is to thls day. If you did nothing type. portions, slashed the value of the dollar dis­ else for the next 10 years but read the books Another thing I would like to suggest is that as the government has some control located the economy, increased the b~rden listed in it you couldn't begin to go through of taxes, eroded savings, injured most of them all." over the school system that they have each school in the United States to reduce their those people least able to afford it, the pen­ "Dean Acheson said that Holmes and Gen. sioners, savers and white collar workers. In­ George Marshall were the greatest men he ball schedules by ten per cent. As every school has a lot of extra games they play flation has unbalanced the budgets not only ever knew," Rowe said. "I can't think of any­ of individuals and governments, but of hos­ one who came near him intellectually." that do not count in their league or con­ ference play, they could drop one or two of pitals, schools, colleges, and institutions of In a Memorial Day address in 1884, Holmes, every kind . ... Some believe that they could the son of a poet, grew eloquent: "Our dead them without much effect on them, no effect on the economy and I would guess a saving keep inflation under control or that they brothers still live for us, and bid us think of could escape the consequences. This is one life, not death--of life to which in their of another million gallons of gas a day unless it is taken higher than the high school level. of the supreme fallacies of our time. Once youth they lent the passion and glory of inflation gets under way, no one can escape spring. As I listen, the great chorus of life Even at the college level I don't think it would harm the schools or the economy. the harmful effects . . . I tried to impress and joy begins again, and amid the awful this on President Truman." orchestra of seen and unseen powers and As I said this is only a savings in theory but I think the people will save most of this Bernard Baruch was not only a successful destinies of good and evil our trumpets sound financier, philanthropist, counsellor to four once more a note of daring, hope and will." as what they consider the need is taken away. I believe that with the knowledge of Presidents for 40 years, but he was one of the how this country is run that you can take most outspoken, best informed and sagacious these suggestions and find several more ways leaders regarding the dangers and evils of ENERGY CRISIS AND NATIONWIDE inflation. UNE:MPLOYMENT to do away with the need to use oil prod­ ucts without affecting the economy in an I was a member of Congress in 1933 when adverse way. President Franklin D. Roosevelt took over I have never known of any battle or any the presidency and initiated shortly after­ HON. TIM LEE CARTER team game being won without the right wards the vast spending program of tax, spend and elect, that lasted for eight years OF KENTUCKY kind of leadership, one that will suffer along until our entrance into World War II. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with the rest and not put any extra burdens on one particular person or segment of the The origin of our inflation began in peace­ Friday, March 14, 1975 country. If the leadership will not say "do time, continued under Truman and to a as I say, not as I do" then I think the people lesser degree under Eisenhower but increased Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, I would under Kennedy, and escalated under John­ like to share with my colleagues an in­ will regain some of their trust in their gov­ ernment and then anything can be ac­ son. Of the 40 years of inflationary policies teresting letter I have received from Mr. complished. most of them were under Democratic ad­ ministrations. Elmer E. Poland, of Tompkinsville, Ky., I think that everyone has jumped in with which is particularly relevant to our de­ both feet to try and settle the oil problem Democrats and Republicans today in Con­ liberations here in Congress on the en­ in a short time without much thought to gress would be well advised to quote the wise the economy or the people. It has taken sev­ and sound lines written by Bernard Baruch ergy crisis and the rise in unemploymept; on inflation, almost 30 years ago under the nationwide. eral years to create this problem and I think Truman administration. This shows that in­ Abraham Lincoln once said: that if the Congress and the President will flation was a serious problem then and had The people are always much nearer the take their time and use my suggestions or its origin under F.D.R.'s New Deal adminis­ truth than politicians suppose. something similar to them they can reach tration. a solution without many ill effects and will HAMILTON FISH. I believe that Mr. Poland's remarks be acceptable to nearly everyone. I also think NEW YORK, December 20, 1974. about the right kind of leadership needed there should be an energy impact report today especially bear out the wisdom of before any new program is begun. Lincoln's maxim: Respectfully yours, ELMER E. POLAND. BRIGHT FUTURE FOR THE DOMES­ REMARKS BY ELMER E. POLAND TIC STEEL INDUSTRY DEAR Sm: I believe that almost everyone has already cut their gasoline consumption to BERNARD BARUCH ON INFLATION what they consider their basic needs, some HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS of it may be used for pleasure but everyone OF PENNSYLVANIA needs a certain amount of this. I think there HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are only two sure ways to save a certain OF NEW YORK amount of oil and that is rationing or allo­ Friday, March 14, 1975 cation but I had rather see something else IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. tried first. The damage to the country that Friday, March 14, 1975 Mr. GAYDOS. Speaker, amidst all either of these might cause could be hard the pessimistic reports concerning the to correct and either of these could be put Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, in 1946, when plight of the economy, an article in the in effect in a matter of days in case of an­ our country was again waging a fight McKeesport Daily News of March 12, Gther embargo. against inflation, the Honorable Ber- 1975, indicates a need for a substantial March 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6749 increase in domestic steel-producing for $300 million in additional aid during and I am sure the offices of many of us, capacity. a time of economic crisis, is intolerable. continues to be bombarded with mail In a way, it is most unfortunate, par­ After 50,000 lives have been sacrificed from constituents who cannot under­ ticularly in view of the current very seri­ and $150 billion spent, one would think stand how Congress can be considering ous balance-of-payments deficit, that that the United States would have a recess at the end of March when many this need for expansion is dramatized by learned that it cannot support an un­ of the Nation's problems remain un­ a steel trade deficit of almost $500 mil­ popular government. Obviously, this is solved. lion for January 1975. According to the not the case. I would offer an excerpt from the American Iron and Steel Institute-- The American Association of Univer­ Tribune-Cow·ier, a Benton, Ky., news­ Imports in January were the highest ever ity Professors joins me in opposing this paper sent to me by Gene Schnell of for any January by a wide margin. They were request for additional aid. I would like Benton, to wit: 420,000 tons higher than the previous record to share with my colleagues this state­ We have four hundred thirty five repre­ for the month-1,381,000 tons set in 1973. ment by its general secretary, Joseph sentatives and one hundred senators on our The 1,801,000 tons imported in January 1975 Duffey: payroll in Washington, supposedly serving were also nearly one mlllion tons higher than AMERICAN AsSOCIATION OF you and me. the steel impovt total for January 1974. In­ UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS, It has been estimated by researchers that dustry experts concede that domestic steel­ Washington, D.O., January 10, 1975. each of all 535 costs you and me about $600,- producing capacity lags well behind the an­ 000 per year including salary, high paid staffs, ticipated demands of a prime economy and STATEMENT ISSUED BY JOSEPH DUFFEY allowable expenses, free trips all over the that only present economic hard times have Reports that the President is seriously world, holidays and who-knows-what-else. prevented a. critical shortage. considering requesting from Congress sup­ Any fool, including myself, can multiply plemental foreign aid funds for South Viet­ $600,000 by 535 and quickly determine that Accordingly, revival of both the auto­ nam and Cambodia are extremely discour­ our b1ll for Washington hanky-panky-ing mobile and housing industries could well aging. We believe that the Preside...1t should comes to $321,000,000 (that's $321 million) mean even more foreign imports unless not make such a request and that if he per year. our domestic industry expands its ca­ does, Congress should overwhelmingly re­ In addition to that: Congress enjoyed an pacity. ject it. The recent history of the national 11-day Lincoln's birthday vacat ion. Soon Expansion of our domestic steel pro­ controversy over aid to Southeast Asia there'll be a 17-day Easter celebration and ducing capacity will generate new jobs should guide both the President and Con­ following that a 13-day layoff for Memorial gress in determining how the American peo­ Day. for American workers, reduce our de­ ple view the situation in Indochina. Amer­ A 10-day respite for the Fourth of July so's pendence on foreign sources. and con• ica's interests are not served by further in­ they can rest up for the annual 34-day tribute to a reduction in our balance-of­ tervention, whether it be with money or per­ summer vacation in August and September. payments deficit. All three of these are sonnel. The signing of the cease-fire and the There's a 10-day recess in October and in indispensable to the revival of the Amer­ withdrawal of American troops brought to November (Thanksgiving) and they really ican economy. The challenge to the an end the divisive internal strife in Ameri­ give us a break by taking just one day for American steel industry is abundantly ca. over this issue. It would be terribly un­ Veterans Day. clear. Their response can only be "full fortunate if this highly emotional issue were After that they return to Washington's revived at a time when Americans are con­ merriment and gaiety while they make plans speed ahead on plant expansion." fronted with a grave economic crisis at home. for Christmas and New Year's revelry before The article from the McKeesport Daily Placed in the context of current national they hurry back to Washington to prepare News follows: priorities, the suggestion of appropriating speeches for Lincoln's birthday in the coming STEEL TRADE DEFICIT HIGH addi tiona! funds for Indochina would be a. election year ! WASHINGTON.-The United States had a. direct affront to the American people who steel trade deficit of almost $500 million in believe that more pressing current issues the first month of 1975-the result of record require resolution. The Administration's be­ SOVIET REVISIONISM-BIGGEST January steel imports-reports the American lated recognition of the gravity of the reces­ INTERNATIONAL EXPLOITER Iron and Steel Institute. sion and its impact upon lower- and middle­ According to government data, 1,801,000 income groups should lead the Administra­ tons of foreign steel entered this country tion to conclude that an additional $300 HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI during the month. The value of January steel mlllion could be spent more profitably on OF ILLINOIS imports exceeded the value of U.S. exports of human resources at home rather than on steel by $495,326,000. war materials shipped to Indochina. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In the four-month period from the begin­ American people have been exceptionally Friday, March 14, 1975 ning of October to the end .of January, 7,736,- tolerant of previous errors of judgment on 000 tons of foreign steel arrived in the U.S. Southeast Asia, but their tolerance of con­ Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, in the This is equivalent to more than 23,200,000 tinued misguided policy and ill-spent funds event that the Members have not had tons on an annual basis. will surely wear out in a period of grave eco­ the opportunity to see the following press The total trade deficit in steel mill products nomic crisis. release, I would like to insert into the during this period exceeded $1.8 billion, run­ In the list of federal spending priorities, RECORD this statement issued by the ning at an annual rate of about $5.5 billion, it may be significant to point out that an People's Republic of China Mission to according to AISI. Imports in January were additional $300 million applied to the federal the highest ever for any January by a wide program for postsecondary education would the United Nations which discusses the margin. They were 420,000 tons imported in permit over 600,000 students enrolled in post­ subject of Soviet revisionism. January 1975 and also nearly one million secondary education institutions to partici­ It is quite interesting to find the Peo­ tons higher than the steel import total for pate in the College Work-Study program ple's Republic U.N. Mission deliberately January 1974. authorized by Congress and over 400,000 stu­ raising the issue of Soviet colonialism. As this year began, foreign specialty steels dents to receive Basic Educational Oppor­ While their motives are certainly not continued to arrive in this country at a tunity Grants. For most of these students, pure, they properly point out the Soviet record rate. Stainless imports, for example, the grants and work-study payments permit imperialism control over Eastern Euro­ were nearly double those for January 1974, them to go to college and to receive training pean governments: while imports of tool steel were up 6 percent. in specialized programs necessary to both our society and economy. This investment in SOVIET REVISIONISM-BIGGEST INTERNATIONAL human resources would be significantly more EXPLOITER THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF productive at the present time than $300 mil­ PEKING, February 13, 1975 (Hsinhua) .­ UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS SPEAKS lion worth of war materials shipped to Indo­ The People's Daily carried a signed article OUT AGAINST ADDITIONAL AID china for further destruction of that ravaged yesterday entitled "Soviet Revisionism Is TO SOUTH VIETNAM area. One of the Biggest International Exploiters of Today". Excerpts from the article read: Flaunting the "socialism" signboard, the VIEWS FROM DOWN HOME Soviet revisionist social imperialists have HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL created the myth in recent years that they OF NEW YORK are the "natural ally" of the Third World IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. CARROLL HUBBARD, JR. and styled themselves as the saviour of the OP KENTUCKY oppressed people and nations. However, Friday, March 14, 1975 innumerable facts prove that they not only IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, once again enslave and plunder the Third World coun­ the Congress is being asked to give aid Friday, March 14, 1975 tries and people but also bully and exploit a number of the Second World nations. They to the corrupt Thieu regime in South Mr. HUBBARD. Mr. Speaker, I do not have become one of the biggest international Vietnam. President Ford's latest request want to belabor a subject but my office, exploiters of today. 6750 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 14, 1975 Under the rule of the Soviet revisionist Eastern European countries and carried This individual, Miss Jule Andre, is renegade clique, capitalism has been fully out undisguised neocolonialist exploitation. a Publications Specialist at the Depart­ restored in the Soviet Union. Acts of the .Through "assistance," loans and direct in­ ment of the Interior. Many Members of Soviet revisionist ruling clique are likewise vestments, Soviet revisionist social-imperial­ Congress and their staffs who have re­ governed by the law of imperialism. Soviet ism exports huge a..znounts of capital to revisionist social-imperialism is frantically "CMEA" members. From 1954 to early 1974, quested information and maps from the pushin g new colonialism and great power capital exported by Soviet revisionism to Interior Department may have had the hegemonism in the broad Third World. the "CMEA" members in the form of eco­ pleasure of speaking by telephone with Under the pretext of "selfless aid" and nomic "assistance" exceeded 10,000 million this capable, knowledgable, and warm­ "mutually beneficial economic cooperation", U.S. dollars. It boasted of participation in the hearted woman. Few are probably aware the Soviet revisionists export capital in a big construction of over 1,300 big enterprises of the incredible fact that the U.S. Geo­ scale, control the economic lifeline of the and other projects. By controlling heavy in­ logical Survey, Members of Congress, Third World countries, dump on them out­ dustry production and monopolizing the sup­ dated machines and equipment, and plunder ply of important raw materials for indus­ and the public have benefited from her their raw materials so as to reap superprofits. try of some "CMEA" members, the Soviet dedication and hard work for over 57 According to incomplete statistics, from 1954 revisionists have pushed aside their com­ years. to 1972, they exported over 13,000 million U.S. petitors and cornered the market for their Mr. Speaker, I bring this tribute to the dollars of capital to the Third World and industrial products. From 1955 to 1973, the attention of my colleagues, because Miss squeezed themselves into about 1,000 indus­ Soviet Union exported to Bulgaria, Hungary, Andre is a truly unique and wonderful trial enterprises and other units. Through the German Democra.tic Republic, Czecho­ slovakia and Poland finished industrial prod­ person who deserves recognition. Indeed, capital export, they have gained control over she represents the very best of the work­ key industrial departments in a number of ucts to the value of over 35,000 million U.S. developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin dollars (among which the value of machinery ing men and women of the U.S. Civil America and sold them goods of sluggish and equipment exceeded 15,000 million dol­ Service whose devoted service to the pub­ sales. From 1955 to 1973 they sold over 16,000 lars), and made nearly 84,000 million dollars lic often goes unnoticed and unappreci­ million U.S. dollars of industrial products to of high profits. In foreign trade, they ex­ ated: ploited these countries ruthlessly by manip­ the Third World at high prices and reaped FIFTY-SEVEN YEARS WITH THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL ulating prices, controlling exports and im­ thousands of millions of dollars of super­ SURVEY profit. Through capital export, the Soviet ports and selling dear and buying cheap through so-called "long-term trade agree­ Miss Jule Andre, who will celebrate her revisionists have looted more than 19,000 ments." It is estimated that from 1955 to 78th birthday in October, last week cele­ million dollars of primary products from the 1973, the losses suffered by the above-men­ brated her 57th year of employment with Third World. tioned five countries in unequal exchange the U.S. Geological Survey. Another form of neo-colonialist plunder by amounted to 19,000 million dollars. The Miss Andre, a special assistant for publi­ the Soviet revisionists is to set up and invest G .D.R., the number one trade partner of the cations, began her career as a legal typist in in many "joint-stock enterprises" and Soviet Union, suffered the heaviest losses of a D.C. law firm, at a salary of $9.00 per week. "united companies" in the Third World 6,400 million dollars. They wantonly pil­ In 1918, she took a Civil Service test and the countries; these are imitations of U.S. "trans­ laged these countries of their rare metals law firm offered her $12.00 a week to stay; national companies". Enterprises jointly run and important strategic raw materials. · however, she chose to start work"as a Voucher by the Soviet revisionists and the developing Through various forms of economic, scientific Clerk in the Map Distribution Division of countries have been set up in many key eco­ and technical "cooperation," they drive scien­ Geological Survey beginning at $17.31 a nomic departments including exploring and tists of some "CMEA" members to serve them week. She rapidly developed the expertise mining industry, processing industry, trade and force these countries to spend huge sums which enabled the Survey to be highly re­ and transport. Through these enterprises the of money to develop Soviet economy and sponsive to mounting requests for Survey Soviet revisionists have reaped colossal profits technology. maps, bulletins, reports, and other products and plundered these countries of cheap The Soviet revisionists have all along that provide information about the Nation's labour power and resources while finding glared hostilely at West Europe, trying their resources and the environment. She later markets for Soviet-made industrial products. utmost to infiltrate into and gain control became Chief of the Division of Distribution. Unequal exchange is another major mean s over it. In an attempt to conquer them one At the time she started to work at Interior, with which the Soviet revisionists exploit the by one, they try to sow discord between President Woodrow Wilson was in office and countries and people of the Third World. West Europe and the United States and Secretary Franklin K. Lane headed the De­ They make fabulous profits by making use of among "Common Market" countries by cur­ partment. Serving as secretary to the Direc­ international market prices based on unequal rying favour with some countries or luring tor of Geological Survey, during part of the exchange, and also exploit the Third World them with benefit. Under the signboard of term of George Otis Smith, and in 1967 re­ people through such means as providing "as­ "all-Europe economic cooperation," they ceiving the Department's highest honor, the sistance" and "cooperation", pressing for pay­ broaden their trade with West Europe so as "Distinguished Service Award," are two of ment of debts, selling industrial products at to realize expansion there. Taking the ad­ the important highlights of her career. high monopolistic prices and buying food­ vantage of the West European countries' Miss Andre also served as a special assist­ stuff, agricultural and mineral raw materials thirst for oil and other raw materials in re­ ant to the Director's staff, providing out­ at low prices. According to incomplete data, cent years, the Soviet revisionists resold oil standing services to the public, universities, in the 17 years beginning 1955, the Soviet to them at high prices so as to extort prof­ industry, scientific societies, and officials of revisionists exploited the Third World to the its from them. Federal, State, and local governments. sum of 11,300 million U.S. dollars through The economic plunder and exploitation "Hardly a week goes by," said Dr. McKelvey, unequal exchange. carried out by the Soviet revisionists every­ the Survey's Director, "that I do not receive The Soviet revisionists are shameless inter­ where have completely unmasked the "mu­ a letter from someone expressing apprecia­ national speculators. Taking advantage of tual benefit" trade and "cooperation" ad­ tion for Jule's efficiency and her interest in the oil shortage in the west not long ago, vertized by the Soviet revisionists and re­ satisfying his request for help on a publica­ they bought on from Arab countries at low vealed their true features as social-im­ tion problem. Most people try to say thanks prices and resold it at high prices. In addi­ perialists. It has enabled more and more for good help, but when busy people take tion, they extort money and make high countries and people to see the hideous fea­ time to write a letter about it, you know profits through arms deals. tures of the Soviet revisionists as the big­ they have been impressed with unusually Lenin had pointed out that "the charac­ gest international exploiter of today. good work-and that's the only kind she teristic feature of imperialism is precisely does!" that it strives to annex not only agrarian The Survey moved to Reston this year, territories, but even most highly industrial­ FIFTY-SEVEN YEARS WITH THE U.S. and Miss Andre bid a fond farewell to her office in the GSA Building in which she ized regions." The European region of the GEOLOGICAL SURVEY worked for more than half a century. She Second World is a key strategic area con­ remained on the job as a Publications tended for by Soviet revisionism and the HON. PHILIP E. RUPPE Specialist in the Main Interior Building. One United States, an important objective the of her most responsible duties is filling re­ Soviet revisionists try their utmost to con­ OF MICHIGAN quests for information and maps from the trol and invade. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Members of Congress. The Soviet-controlled "Council for Mutual Friday, March 14, 1975 A native of Washington, D.C., Miss Andre Economic Assistance" is a Soviet revisionist makes her home in Arlington, Virginia. tool for pushing neocolonialism. In this so­ Mr. RUPPE. Mr. Speaker, I am insert­ When asked if she had any hobbies, she called "big family," the Soviet revisionists, replied, "My work is my hobby-! just love making use of their economic monopoly ing in the RECORD today a tribute to a position, have imposed on its members "in­ very special person, based on an article it!" Upon being questioned about her views ternational division of labour" and "eco­ which recently appeared in the Interior on Women's Lib, she advised that she was nomic integration," exercised direct control Department Recreation Association too busy to have any serious thoughts on over the economic lifeline of a number of newsletter. that subject. March 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6751 INTEGRATING ENERGY POLICY text, entropy says that the energy of the figure in the Harvard Economics Dept. during WITH SOUND ECONOMIC POLICY universe is always running down. Once you the 1930s and 1940s--and an associate of consume energy, it cannot be used again­ Georgescu's--used certain biological analo­ it is not recyclable. Thus, as ecologists have gies to spearhead a theory of the life cycle of HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. been arguing for years, man must learn to companies and industries. value his terrestrial resources mor~ highly, "Georgescu is a remarkable man," says his OF CALIFORNIA because what he squanders now is gone for­ friend and fellow economist Paul Samuelson, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ever. And the faster he uses what he has, the a Nobel prize winner who shares with Geor­ Friday, March 14, 1975 more waste he creates that has to be cleaned gescu credit for certain refinements in the up. That, in turn, takes energy, and entropy, theory of production. "Like vintage bur­ Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. and so on. gundy, he's appreciated by economic connoi· Speaker, as we continue to discuss ele­ If policymakers understood this vicious seurs all over the world. Coming from Gear· ments of a national energy policy, and spiral, says Georgescu, their plans for the gescu, a riposte is deadly." try to figure out why our economic policy future would look a lot di.fferent. A sample of And Georgescu's book is indeed a sharp is not working, I believe we should take his thinking: thrust at the jugular of classical econoinlcs. On Project Independence: "The trouble Underst andably, it has been parried with some time to consider the views of those with that program is that in the end it skepticism-and some outright ridicule­ who predicted the current crisis. One of doesn't matter. It means we will tap our own from experts as distinguished as his support­ those thinkers is Nicholas Georgescu­ resources earlier and speed up the day when ers. One skeptic: Mancur Olson, of the Uni­ Roegen, a distinguished economist who we will be totally dependent on the rest of versity of Maryland, whose field of expertise for years has been telling us that classical the world." is energy econoinlcs. "Other constraints, like economics needs to integrate biology to On labor-saving devices: "We should cure population, may hit before entropy limita­ be relevant to today's problems. ourselves of the 'circumdrome' of the shav­ tions do," Olson says. University of Colorado Frankly, I think Dr. Georgescu-Roegen ing machine, which is to shave oneself faster economist Kenneth Boulding, himself a critic so as to have time to work on a machine of his profession, says that the foundation of is on the right track, and his theories that shaves faster." a new economics should be the evolution of deserve more attention than they have On the Inllitary-industrial complex: "Pro­ knowledge, not entropy. Nevertheless, in a received to date. duction of all instruments of war-not just review of Georgescu's book, Boulding wrote I include an article from the March 24 war itself-should be prohibited. This will that if the right 500 people read it, "science issue of Business Week, on this subject release tremendous productive forces for in­ and econoinlcs perhaps would never be the for the RECORD: ternational aid without lowering the stand­ same again." ATTACK GEORGESCU: A PROPHET OF ENERGY ECONOMICS ard of living in the developed countries." Webster's Third International Dictionary: Georgescu's thinking rings with such Uto­ Not all Georgescu's critics have been so "Entropy: The ultimate state reached in the pian ideals, but he also sounds a more down­ gracious. The sharpest attacks have come degradation of the matter and energy of the to-earth tocsin: Theoreticians must begin from John Andelin, a physicist and aide to universe." now to incorporate these concepts into their Representative Mike McCormack (D-Wash.), New Republic, July 28, 1947: "Entropy is theories, otherwise the world will burn itself chairman of the House subcommittee on en­ the general trend of the universe toward out before it has a chance to correct the ergy. "Entropy and economics just are not death and disorder." problems once it finally starts witnessing the related," blasts Andelin. "Georgescu's book Entropy used to be an almost philosophic symptoms. "If you think in terms of extended is rife with mysticism and big words. The concept that momentarily ba.filed freshman priods of time," he says, "these things do time scales he uses are just not long enough. science studen ts before sUpping into their matter. We must not ignore what happens to I'd be stunned if within the next 100 years storehouse of trivia. But suddenly, with an our grandchildren or our great-grandchil­ tha.t book has any influence on anything. energy crisis helping to degrade a number of dren if we have any concern for the human Others in government echo Andelin's com­ the Western world's once-thriving economies, species." plaint that Georgescu's book is of little use entropy is taking on new meaning to experts His thoughts are laid out in detail in his to the pragmatist. John Hill, assistant direc­ in search of solutions. And interestingly book, The Entropy Law and the Economic tor for econoinlcs, science, and energy at the enough, the man who is inspiring this new Process; first published in 1972 by Harvard Office of Management & Budget--and a can­ look at entropy and its significance to energy Press and now out in paperback. In it he didate for the post of deputy director of the policy is not a scientist, nor really an energy takes the reader across a thickly patterned Federal Energy Administration-says he re­ expert, but a gadfly economist from Vander­ tapestry of physics, biology, economic his­ gards the book as removed from relevance bilt University, named Nicholas Georgescu­ tory, and thermodynainlcs to make his case in the policymaking process. "I certainly have Roegen. for a new field of "bioeconomics," a discipline a lot of problems with economists," he con­ Georgescu, long a respected critic of the that takes fuller account of ma.n's use of cedes. "But the kind of integration job that analytical methods of his profession, has been energy in economic activities. Georgescu implies simply boggles the mind." telling his colleagues that their much-touted THE GREEN REVOLUTION But most of Georgescu's colleagues think econometric models are based on a theory of he is at least onto something. Harvard Nobel­ He points out, for example, tha.t the new ist Kenneth Arrow, who is trying to apply physics that physicists themselves outgrew high-yield varieties of crops, which earned 100 years ago: Newtonian mechanics. He the entropy analogy to information processes, Norman Borlaug the Nobel prize, are also says that borrowing from other disciplines says man's production-consumption activities "anti-econoinlcal." For the same amount of are not subject to the laws of mechanics, is common enough in econoinlcs. "It all de­ food, he says, these superstrains require a pends on how well you do it," says Arrow. which hold that everything is reversible, but much greater amount of energy, because they to the laws of thermodynainlcs, which hold "Economics deals with the production and need more fertilizer and greater mechaniza­ transformation of goods from one form to that energy, once used, is lost. And Georgescu tion. Georgescu is not suggesting a sudden and his supporters claim his ideas are just another, and that is a physical and chemical halt to the so-called green revolution. But process that has direct application to en­ what the nation's policymakers need as they he does say tha.t, long-range, mankind will begin to shape plans to cope with the energy have to lower the population to a level that tropy." squeeze. can be fed only by organic agriculture, a n d NEW INTEREST "Economists are fond of saying that we farming will have to become less rather than Economist Milton Sarell of the Electric cannot get something for nothing," says more capital-intensive. "Results such as these Power Research Institute, the new research Georgescu in his animated Rumanian accent. would have come to light long ago if my col­ and development arm of the electric utll1ty "But in entropy terms, the cost of any bi­ leagues had not clung as tenaciously as they industry, points out that econoinlsts in all ological or economic enterprise is always far have to their mechanistic dogma," muses the fields are beginning to take greater and great­ harsher than that--any such activity actu­ 69-year-old economist. er interest in the engineering sciences. "A ally results in a deficit." Adds Stanford Re­ Only time will tell, of course, whether lot of us are trying to learn more about search Institute cyberneticist John J. Ford: Georgescu's rigorous application of entropy thermodynamics," he says. "And by the same "What Georgescu is talking about is a whole to economics will emerge as the next encom­ token, I 'm finding more and more physicists new context for viewing the world. Energy passing theory that his colleagues have been who are taking up economics." policy people know that resources are ex­ searching for. But his reputation in eco­ As for charges that Georgescu's innova­ haustible, of course. But if you look around, nomics is already rock-solid, and this has tions have little value to the real world, Mad­ is there anything you see in human be­ helped air his abstruse theories. Carl H. Mad­ den of the Chamber of Commerce argues that havior that leads you to realize that people den, chief econoinlst at the U.S. Chamber of such statements are too sweeping. "Who's to know this? We still act as though all proc­ Commerce, for example. has made a careful say that you cannot make those analogies?" esses are reversible." study of Georgescu's ideas and has become a he asks. "It's like a mathematician saying CONSERVATION convert. "What the man has done," says Mad­ to Von Neuman [a pioneer in the binary The ramifications of entropy have never den, "has been to demand the introduction logic used in computers]: 'You can't use a been easy to get across to the layman, and of biology into classical economic theory with base of two in your numbering system.' " applying entropy to economics complicates a precision of thought that goes beyond even Madden also dismisses charges that Georg­ the concept even more. But in its widest con- Schumpeter." Joseph Schumpeter, a towering escu's ideas are a threat to business. "The 6752 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 14, 1975 old form of wealth that has been courted by elements and guarantees for their viabil­ a letter from Dr. Arthur Schlesinger, who the industrial age," he says, "has blocked ity. One bill to do this has been intro­ advised me that the quotations are prop­ the kind Georgescu proposes-a type of duced, and I have joined in sponsorship erly attributed to a Pennsylvania clergy­ wealth wherein there is no tyranny of quan­ tity. You can't tell me there is no industrial and support of its provisions. It will pro­ man named William J. H. Boetcker, who profit in an economics of quality." vide financial assistance to small busi­ wrote them in 1916, over half a century Georgescu, meanwhile, remains largely nesses displaced by Federal and federally after Lincoln's death. Dr. Schlesinger aloof from the debate tbat is beginning to assisted programs. As a Member of the has cited other sources to reinforce his swirl around him. He stresses that he is not House Committee on Small Business, I case, and in order to set the record suggesting that economists drop their con­ am delighted to say that the legislation straight, I ask that this be printed in the centional tools of analysis. "But 1f they un­ has been referred to that committee CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. Certainly the derstood the implications of entropy," he and early hearings and action may be words actually uttered or written by asserts, "they would take into account the channels by which energy could move more possible. Abraham Lincoln are sufficiently memo­ efficiently." The bill authorizes the payment of rable without quotations from other grants or loans of up to $4,000 to enable sources, no matter what their intent. displaced small businesses to lease or SMALL BUSINESS RELOCATION rent a suitable space for business for a ASSISTANCE period not to exceed 4 years, or payments of up to $4,000 with equal matching of H.R. 4481 WILL WORSEN INFLATION amounts over $2,000 to make a down payment of some kind on purchase of HON. LEO C. ZEFERETTI another suitable place of business. These HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM OF NEW YORK amendments to the Uniform Relocation OF CALIFORr-TIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Assistance and Real Property Acquisition IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, March 13, 1975 Policies Act of 1970 extends to small Friday, March 14, 1975 Mr. ZEFERETTI. Mr. Speaker, even in businesses benefits now available under Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, when the best of economic times, the average that act to residential tenants displaced the House passed H.R. 4481 , the Emer­ small business has a difficult time. In the by Federal or federally assisted projects. gency Employment Appropriations Act, 15th Congressional District, there are This legislation follows the recom­ it took an irresponsible step that can still many such small enterprises, often mendations of an Inter-Agency Task only make our economic mess worse. I run by families, who have few resources Force for Relocation Business Assistance do not quarrel with the stated intent of backing them up in case of emergencies appointed last year by Abe Beame, mayor this bill-to create jobs, stimulate the or setbacks of one kind or another. Huge of New York City, which has devoted sig­ economy and eventually produce more enterprises, backed by chain manage­ nificant efforts to this problem. Various revenue to balance a bloated Federal ment and profits, can sustain virtually New York City, State, and Federal budget. The problem is that this bill will any damage and stay in business. Small, agency representatives served on that produce none of these salutary goals, but independent operators, such as still pro­ task force. rather will worsen inflation, further de­ liferate in Bro'oklyn, live in dread of the Such an undertaking makes unique press the construction business, reduce unexpected. sense. Every time a major project wipes the amount of capital available to busi­ One of the most devastating blows to out small businesses which cannot start nesses, and create an intolerable amount any small business is property condem­ up again, our tax base is eroded and our of deficit in the Treasury. nation as a result of Federal action or tax revenues accordingly drop still lower. It is plainly false to believe that this programs. In thousands of now familiar In New York City, this is a very ad­ bill will cure unemployment. In the first instances, a Federal program or even vanced and serious problem. place, if the wildest dreams of its spon­ just a federally assisted undertaking will The special hardships besetting indi­ sors come true, only 1 percent of those suddenly loom 'over an established neigh­ viduals and businesses forced to relocate now jobless will be employed. Secondly. borhood. Suddenly, Government officials due to condemnation of their property as we are not giving anyone meaningful, appear in the area, visit the small busi­ the result of Federal action have been full-time jobs. Take a look at the kind nessmen and women in the immediate recognized only partially under existing of jobs created-improving picnic law. We are now in a period of quasi­ vicinit~ - . and what they say spells the grounds, patching up fish hatcheries, re­ doom of their long-established way of depression. Hundreds of thousands of pairing duck nests, constructing out­ life. Many of these neighborhoods have people are losing their jobs every week. houses--do these represent long-term been viable entities for generations, sur­ It is senseless to allow Federal programs, solutions to unemployment? Third, pub­ viving and enj'Oying the strength lent which can only grow in size and effect, to lic service jobs are ridiculously expen­ them by small enterprise. To the neigh­ continue to contribute to job destruction, sive: the price tag for these 900,000 jobs borhood, a major project is at least a tax base erosion, and revenue lowering. is over $6 billion. Fourth, up to 65 per­ shock. To the "Ma and Pa" store, it can H.R. 2961 is an intelligent, reasonable cent of all municipal public service jobs be a commercial death sentence. approach to aiding small businesses to are recalls-that is, local employees who How do you close down decades of liv­ help themselves. The relatively modest are terminated and then put back on the ing and doing business with hundreds of amounts of aid allowed under the bill Federal payroll in these leaf-raking jobs. people Y'OU have come to know and re­ can make the difference for many be­ I can share with my colleagues a recent spect? What do you tell them? Where tween a successful relocation and an­ example of this from my own district. will you go? How will you move? Will other small business out of business; for At the China Lake Naval Weapons Cen­ the business survive the move, even if good. ter a reduction in force program seeks to you manage to make it successfully? terminate 36 employees at the same time What happens to the people who depend LINCOLN QUOTATIONS? that a local public service program is on these stores for essential goods, serv­ creating 28 jobs with Federal funds. This ices, and even S'ociallife? Too often these is a lunatic way to solve unemployment! human elements in the equation do not HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST The bill is literally a Christmas tree enter into the calculations of the local OF VIRGINIA filled with programs for which no need and Federal planners. Too often, busi- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has been established. For instance, we are nesses have been snuffed out for good, asked to spend $443 million to purchase even in the name of progress and despite Friday, March 14, 1975 120,000 motor vehicles for the Federal the best of intentions. And only in recent Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, on Governinent. This doubles the number years have these pe'ople and their unique February 25 , I inserted in the RECORD of cars that the General Services Ad­ problems commanded any significant at­ what I believed to be a series of quota­ ministration now has. Does anyone sin­ tention. However, now their voices are at tions from Lincoln that were authentic. cerely believe we need all these cars? I last being heard, and some impact is be­ These were sent to me by a constituent get scores of letters from my constitu­ ing made on Federal plans. who provided them from the Emancipa­ ents complaining about the already ex­ One way to guarantee their survival is tor, published by the Lincoln National orbitant numbers of Government-owned to write into Federal law some protective Life Insurance Co. This week I received cars and trucks, using up gallons and N[arch 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6753 gallons of gasoline. At a time when we 000 provided only half the funds that Because of possible future shortages of Sun Oil was putting into this extensive uranium, the commission and its predeces­ are encouraging conservation of fuel and sor agency, the Atomic Energy Commission, adding import taxes that drive up gaso­ exploration. have proposed the gradual adoption of line prices, Congress turns around and Sun Oil Co. is working night and day plutonium as a fuel for the present genera­ doubles the size of its motor car fleet, to find more oil and gas reserves. It is tion of reactors and a new kind of reactor proving once again that Government beyond comprehension why Congress is still under development called the liquid never applies any of its controls on itself. trying to handicap the oil industry. Con­ metal fast breeder reactor. There are less glaring, but still impor­ gress spends and spends on boondoggles. • DANGER OF SEIZURE tant other flaws in this bill. It extends Then, we put heavy taxes on the oil in­ But a small group of experts, including the minimum wage down to teenagers. dustry when oil companies are going all Dr. Theodore Taylor, a former A.E.C. scientist, What this means is that thousands of out to meet our Nation's energy crisis. have argued that the planned conversion to jobs will be lost to youths since many What we should be doing is providing plutonium as the basic fuel of the atomic who would hire young people to mow additional incentives for the oil industry. age is highly dangerous because persons with Sun is investing more than twice their little or no training could fashion homemade lawns. rake leaves, or work around the weapons if they were successful in seizing house simply cannot afford to pay the earnings in building up our country's small amounts of plutonium. minimum wage for this. I also want to energy reserves. We are all proud 1974 Last fall, a 20-year-old undergraduate stu­ point out that although this bill is la­ was a profitable year for Sun Oil, because dent at Massachusetts Institute of Technol­ beled an emergency measure, many of they put all their profits and in addition ogy was asked to test Dr. Taylor's thesis: the jobs it pretends to create will not be more than doubled this amount in ex­ without talking to any experts and using brought on line for many months to ploration investment. only publicly available reference works he come. Massive VA construction, Corps Sun Oil Co. is a pacesetter and Con­ was to design a nuclear bomb in his spare of Engineer projects and reclamation ef­ gress should encourage them to maintain time. this leadership. The assignment was given by John Angier, forts have a leadtime of months. a Boston-based producer of a television doc­ But the real damage done by this bill umentary on the dangers of plutonium that is its enormous impact on inflation. We CONTROLLING PLUTONIUM-II is scheduled to be broadcast on public tele­ are adding $6 billion to the Nation's vision stations across the country on March 9. deficit, a deficit that is approaching $80 The program, one of the respected series billion a year ·in 1976. Where is this HON. LES ASPIN of scientific programs called Nova, will be money to come from? Surely not from viewed by Senate staff members this Friday taxes, since the Congress just slashed OF WISCONSIN at a special screening arranged by the Sen­ those. We are going to have to borrow it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ate Government Operations Committee. in the private money market. In doing Friday, March 14, 1975 A "FAIR CHANCE" that, we are going to drive interest rates Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, today I am A few weeks after Mr. Angier gave the back up again, and we are going to drain student his assignment, a nuclear scientist reintroducing, with 29 cosponsors, legis­ on the staff of the Swedish Minister of De­ off even more funds available to private lation to control the threat of plutonium fense and several of his colleagues reviewed industry for capital formation. Last year diversion and illicit bOidb making. This the resulting Yplan and concluded there was 62 percent of all available capital went bill would forbid the Nuclear Regula­ a "fair chance" it could produce an explosion to finance the Government's debt-next tory Commission to proceed with its ranging from 100,000 to 2 million pounds of year it may rise to 80 percent. Anyone plans to license the commercial reproc­ T.N.T. who sincerely wants to know why there "I have come to feel that designing and essing and reuse as fuel of plutonium building a bomb-assuming you had the are no new business enterprises, why from spent reactor fuel pending a study there are so few housing starts, why pri­ plutonium-would not be much harder than of the associated dangers and costs by building a motorcycle," the slender bearded vate industry is not hiring, need only the Office of Technology Assessment and student said during a recent interview. look at where the money to finance these a congressional decision whether to pro­ The dangers of plutonium, a waste product programs is going-right to Washington. ceed with this extremely hazardous of nuclear reactors, have forced the govern­ By adding to our massive deficit, this technology. ment to adopt scores of tough new regula­ bill is only going to worsen the condition Legislation identical in effect is today tions aimed at greatly tightening the control of private business. So we are then going over its production and transportation. De­ to be asked for another emergency jobs being introduced in the Senate. spite the stringency of these controls, how­ bill and so on down the pike until every­ The extent of the risk involved was ever, some scientists maintain that Govern­ emphasized recently when the "Nova'' ment and privately owned factories already one will work for the Government and series of the Public Broadcasting System are unable to account for thousands of this country's economy will be in ruins. discovered that an undergraduate with pounds of what are known as "special nu­ We have simply got to stop this idiocy an engineering background but no spe­ clear materials." of curing results instead of causes. We cial training could design a very plausible The Atomic Energy Commission, now di­ must return to a balanced budget. We vided into two agencies, the Nuclear Regula­ must encourage capital formation by pri­ nuclear weapon in 5 weeks. tory Commission and the Energy Research vate industry which will create perma­ Following are the texts of a news and Development Administration, insists nent, meaningful jobs. That is the pro­ article by David Burnham of the New that such reports are exagge:rated. gram we need-not fanciful bills that York Times, including an account of But the Government for more than two the "Nova" broadcast, and an editorial months has declined to answer a series of pretend to solve the problem by making detailed questions from The New York Times things worse. from the Boston Globe: [From the New York Times, Feb. 27, 1975] concerning exactly how much plutonium cannot be accounted for. Noting that the Bn.L ASKS CURB ON PLUTONIUM USE To questions have been referred to the National PREVENT Bun.DING OF HOMEMADE BOMB Security Council, the Government also has SUN OIL CO. REINVESTS IT ALL (By David Burnham) not answered inquiries by Senator Abra­ WASHINGTON, Feb. 26.-Giting plutonium ham A. Ribicoff about how much plutonium as a potential source of homemade nuclear is missing. Senator Ribicoff, a Democrat of HON. JAMES M. COLLINS bombs, a Wisconsin Representative has in­ Connecticut, is chairman of the Government OF TEXAS troduced legislation that would prohibit the Operations Committee, which is responsible IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES commercial use of the material pending a for the legislation reorganizing the A.E.C. major new scientific assessment of its risk. into two agencies. Friday, March 14, 1975 "We could do the terrorists and criminals The student who designed the bomb for Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, of this world no greater favor than to make the documentary, comes from the Boston Sun Oil Co. exemplifies business leader­ this element [plutonium] an article of com­ area. He went to a public high school, is ma­ merce transported across the country in joring in chemistry, does not plan on doing ship with its exploration policy. I just quantities measured in tons," Representa­ graduate studies, gets "some good marks and reviewed Sun's 1974 statement and found tive Les Aspin, Democrat of Wisconsin, said bad ones" and insists upon remaining they invested over twice as much for in a statement as he introduced a bill that anonymous. drilling last year as they earned. Sun would prohibit the nuclear regulatory com­ "I don't want to be identified because I'm Oil spent $834,149,000 for capital ex­ mission from licensing the widespread use of frankly worried that some nut might get the penditures and intangible development plutonium as a reactor fuel until expressly idea of kidnapping me-not that I really costs. Their total income of $377,727,- authorized by Congress. have any special knowledge," he said. 6754 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 14, 1975. During an interview in Boston last week, be safely packed in a box and trundled away fessional groups before which NSA mem­ the student estimated that, starting from in a wheelbarrow. bers make appearances. scratch and with the assistance of three or But 10 pounds of plutonium can poison a four persons, he could build the device in city or blow up a good piece of it without I feel that this is an excellent time for a couple of months. resort to especially elaborate equipment. It all those concerned to pay tribute to a "To be absolutely sure it would go off and is obvious, therefore, that every precaution most deserving group of people-their not taking any risks during the fabrication, possible must be taken to keep this mate­ secretaries. I hope that all my colleagues I guess it might take a year," he added. rial out of the hands of those who might will join with me next month in observ­ He said that all the bomb parts except4the want to use it against us for blackmail or ance of "Secretaries Week" and in show­ plutonium could be obtained from available other sinister purposes. And yet the Atomic ing them we acknowledge their impor­ commercial suppliers and that "if you had Energy Commission is paving the way so tance in the smooth running of our Na­ $30,000 you could do it very easily; if you had that plutonium can be recycled from reactor tion's business. $10,000, you would be skimping but you fuel in commercial plants and then fed to could do it." reactors again. The weapon described in the student's re­ Economically, it would make sense to use port, which he believes he could improve, re­ reactor wastes in this fashion. However, the quired 222 hours to design. He said it would more plutonium there is around and the MOUNTING OPPOSITION TO be about the size of a large desk and would more frequently it is transported from one AGRICULTURE BILL weigh between 550 and 1,000 pounds. The place to another, the greater likelihood that weight and dimensions mean that it could some of it will be hijacked. For this reason easily fit in a small pickup van. The student Rep. Les Aspin (D-Wis.) has introduced legis­ said it would require "more than 10 pounds lation which would prohibit commercial HON. PETER A. PEYSER but less than 20 pounds of plutonium." processing of plutonium until the Office of OF NEW YORK To test the student's plan, the producer Technology Assessment has reported to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the documentary, Mr. Angier, called on Congress on the problem. Dr. John Prawitz, a nuclear physicist who A number of proposals for making the Friday, March 14, 1975 is the assistant for disarmament of the production of plutonium safer are now un­ Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, the con­ Swedish Minister of Defense. der consideration. One involves limiting troversy over H.R. 4296, the "emer­ After consulting with a number of col­ production to "nuclear parks" in which the gency" agriculture bill, continues to leagues, Dr. Prawitz said in a filmed inter­ recycling process is confined to one area or view, "I think it is a very interesting report. building so that there ls no chance of losing mount. I enclose statements of opposi­ It is a shocking report." it on the road. Another concerns the meth­ tion from The New York Times and the Noting there was a fair chance it would ods of accounting for materials. National Consumers Congress for the not explode, Dr. Prawitz added, "There is Nuclear plants now consider a one-half benefit of my colleagues. also a fair chance that it will go off but percent accounting error acceptable. That [From the New York Times, Ma.r. 13, 1975] then the yield, the explosive yield, would sounds like a reasonable margin until, as FARM FOLLIES probably be rather low, less than a kiloton Rep. Aspin has pointed out, you remember and probably less than .1 kilotons." that one-half of one percent of a ton of For more than four decades, the Federal A kiloton is equal to one thousand tons plutonium is enough to make one bomb and Government by one procedure or another or 2 million pounds of TNT. hundreds of tons of it would be produced has guaranteed a minimum price for many The nuclear bomb that exploded over in one year. of the basic farm products. But unless tax­ Hiroshima just 30 years ago during World It would do little harm to wait until the payers and consumers were willing to as­ War II weighed 9,000 pounds and had a OTA review is made and new safety methods sume astronomical financial burdens, this yield equal to 20,000 tons of TNT. As pointed devised and installed. On the other hand, to guarantee could not legitimately be con­ out in the TV documentary, however, the plunge ahead now without proper precau­ strued as an all-purpose insurance policy 1947 destruction of Texas City, Tex., was the tions would be a blatant invitation to for farmers against any economic losses. Yet result of the explosion of a shipload of trouble. now that farm prices are coming down from ammonium nitrate equal to about one thou­ the stratospheric levels of a year ago, farm­ sand tons of TNT. ers are naturally bringing all their political A spokesman for the nuclear Regulatory influence to bear in an effort to push them Commission, to whom the student's report SECRETARIES WEEK up again by legislative action. was sent, said the commission would not The House Agriculture Committee has re­ comment on the design itself. ported a bill that would raise guaranteed Government prices for wheat and corn by "NOT AN EASY JOB" HON. LESTER L. WOLFF approximately 50 per cent--from $2.05 to "Obviously plutonium is a material that OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES $3.10 a bushel for wheat and from $1.38 to we don't want to fall into the hands of the $2.25 a bushel for corn. Cotton prices would wrong people," he said. "That's why we have Friday, March 14, 1975 also be raised substantially. The actual mar­ all the protective systems in place; that's ket prices for these major commodities are why the systems are constantly being ex­ Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I would like now at or above the proposed higher levels. panded. But in our view it would not be an to alert my colleagues to the fact that If market prices fall below these so-called easy job to design or fabricate an explosive the last week of next month will honor "target" prices, however, the Government device." those who play an intricate role in our would be required to make up the difference The assurances, however, appeared to be day-to-day lives. These people are the with direct payments to farmers. contradicted by the design by the student The bill would also increase the price sup­ and a never announced experiment by the secretaries of business, industry, govern­ ment, education, and the professions. port for milk products to 85 per cent of par­ Atomic Energy Commission when two young ity from 80 per cent. According to Agricul­ inexperienced physicists named David Dob­ This year, the week of April 20 ture Department Economists, such an in­ son and Robert Selden were asked to design through 26 will be designated as crease would raise the price of milk by a nuclear weapon. "Secretaries Week," with April 23 being eight cents a gallon, of cheese by ten cents Though a spokesman for the Energy re­ "Secretaries Day." This occasion has a pound, and of butter by twenty cents a search and development Administration said been celebrated annually since its incep­ pound. the results of the study were classified, Sen­ tion in 1952. With the cost of living continuing to rise ator Ribicoff once stated in Senate debate despite the worsening recession, increases of that the estimated yield of the bomb de­ As it has become custom, all secre­ taries participate in the observance of this magnitude in staple foods would be a signed by the two young men, just out of shocking blow to millions of moderate-in­ graduate school, was within 10 per cent of this week. Through their participation, come families. At the same time, by encour­ what they had projected it would be. all secretaries reaffirm their professional aging a jump in production, the change in standards and responsibility to their the guaranteed price level runs the risk of (From The Boston Evening Globe, Feb. 25, profession. putting the Government back into the futUe, 1975] During this week, in keeping with the uneconomic game of storing surplus butter. RECYCLING TROUBLE ideals of the National Secretaries Asso­ This bill, pushed by one of the strongest It is paradoxical that because plutonium, ciation, chapters of NSA sponsor special lobbies in Congress, has strong support in the stuff used in nuclear weapons, is com­ educational activities such as workshops, both parties. But, as Representative Peyser, paratively safe to handle, it is the most Republican of Westchester, has pointed out, dangerous of nuclear materials. While the seminars, and educational forums which urban Congressmen will find it exceedingly waste material that comes out of a reactor are available to all secretaries. These difficult to explain their support for such a that burns uranium is so "hot" that it must educational activities are not only for steep increase to their own constituents. be manipulated by remote controls and the benefit of NSA members, but also for Secretary of Agriculture Butz has warned buried deep in the ground, plutonium can the benefit of civic, educational, and pro- that if the bill passes in its present form, he Ma?"ch 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6755 will strongly recommend a Presidential veto. DAmY Lithuanian heritage. Few peoples have The wholly unacceptable cost of this meas­ We find the proposed increase in the sup­ so long and so consistently demonstrated ure in direct payments by the Treasury and port price of milk to 85 % of parity with their uncompromising dedication to the in higher prices paid by consumers would quarterly adjustments to be economically ideals of human liberty. All Americans certainly justify such a veto. unsound. Commercial stocks of manufac­ rightly join in saluting the people of tured dairy products are at an all-time high Lithuania on this occasion. POSITION OF THE NATIONAL CONSUMERS (up 21 % over last year). Government pur­ CONGRESS ON THE EMERGENCY FARM ACT, chases of dairy products, to maintain the H.R. 4296 January rise in the support price, are four times greater than they were last year. In The National Consumers Congress is short, the market is glutted, and an artificial CONGRESSWOMAN YVONNE BRATH­ strongly opposed to H.R. 4296 because of its price increase will only make the situation WAITE BURKE: A TIMES WOMAN inflationary impact. Increasing the target worse. OF THE YEAR prices to the proposed level for wheat and Raising the support price will adversely corn could perpetuate artificially high farm affect dairy farmers in the long run by de­ and retail prices. In the case of cotton and creasing the demand for their product. The HON. CHARLES H. WILSON milk there are more than adequate supplies 16 % rise in retail prices in 1974 resulted in OF CALIFORNIA on hand; the proposed legislation would gen­ a 6.5 % drop in per capita consumption of erate significantly higher prices resulting in milk and 2 % drop in consumption of dairy IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES decreased consumption and decreased farm products. The USDA estimates that con­ Friday, March 14, 1975 income, coupled with enormous surpluses for sumptiOn of milk and milk products wlll de­ which the taxpayer must bear the burden crease by one billion pounds if this bill is Mr. CHARLES H. WTI..SON of Califor­ through increased government purchases. passed. nia. Mr. Speaker, on Monday, March 10, The National Consumers Congress has pre­ The rationale that dairy farmer's costs have the Los Angeles Times honored 10 wom­ pared the following analytical evaluation of risen dramatically is also questiona.ble. The en of the year. Among those who were the Emergency Farm Act (H.R. 4296) for USDA's January price support increase was singled out for outstanding achievement members of Congress and consumers. based largely on feed costs which peaked in in various fields was my esteemed col­ WHEAT AND CORN October and November but which have since league, Congresswoman YvoNNE BRATH­ There has been genuine concern that this dropped 30 %. On the retail level, this action would re­ WAITE BURKE. The first black woman bill will encourage government intervention from California ever elected to the at the target price level. Since such interven­ sult in an increase of 8¢ per gallon for milk, tion would result in high retail prices, the 10¢ per pound for cheese, and 20¢ per pound House of Representatives, Mrs. BuRKE low and middle income consumer would bear for butter. This would mean a cost of $953 has proved herself an extremely able leg­ a disproportionate burden for the cost of million to consumers for three main dairy islator who is an effective advocate for food oroduction. products, which does not take into account all the people and a fine example for We-strongly recommend government in­ an additional $162 million that would be women in particular. tervention at the loan level since this would spent in direct government purchases. For A native Angeleno, Congresswoman provide · for the appropriate farm subsidy consumers, the total cost of this legislation BuRKE distinguished herself as a lawyer through the progressive tax structure. would be 1.15 billion dollars. There has been considerable talk about the and a member of the California State The proposed target and loan prices for Assembly before coming to national at­ wheat @ $3.10 and $2.50 respectively, and decline last year in the federally announced the target and loan prices for corn @ $2.25 price for milk to be paid farmers. However, tention because of her forceful and intel­ and $1.87 respectively are too high. Since it the Congress should know that as the federal ligent performance as cochairman of the is essential to bring these prices in line with price declined, premium prices over the fed­ 1972 Democratic National Convention. supply and demand and the cost of produc­ eral price demanded by giant dairy co-ops She has continued to gain the admira­ tion we st rongly urge that the 1976 escalator (over-order premiums) increased in such a tion of her colleagues and her constitu­ clause be placed i n to effect for the 1975 crop. way that the actual pay price to f-armers and ents because of her abiding commitment This would prevent the establishment of a cost of milk to consumers remained constant. Furthermore, an increase in the support to the cause of human rights. new basis for grain price supports. This year's "Woman of the Year If this clause is allowed to operate the price to 80% of parity with quarterly adjust­ target and loan prices for wheat would be ments, is also unacceptable since it would Awards" ceremony was highlighted bY $2.50 and $2.05 respectively and for corn result in unacceptably high retail prices and Mrs. BuRKE's keynote speech. In her ad­ $1.68 and $1.38 respectively. surplus. dress to the 500 distinguished women Furthermore, the one year duration of gathering at the Times Mirror Building, this bill is being used to camouflage the real she eloquently cited the many past ac­ pitfall that increased target and loan r ates LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE complishments of women and spoke of in 1975 will serve as an inflationary base for the changing role of women in the fu­ follow-up legislation next year. ture. So that my colleagues may also be COTTON HON. EDWARD G. BIESTER, JR. inspired by Congresswoman BURKE's The proposal for cotton target prices OF PENNSYLVANIA speech which has the theme-that women should be deleted from the bill since the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are our "largest reservoir of unused target price is substantially higher than the Thursday, March 13, 1975 capacity," I should like to insert her re­ current market price. Thus, if enacted, cotton marks in the RECORD: farmers would be encouraged to plant only Mr. BIESTER. On February 16, 1975, for government consumption. Americans of Lithuanian origin and de­ ADDRESS BY CONGRESSWOMAN YVONNE B. Enough cotton-6 million bales-is now in BURKE reserve to supply all domestic needs for 1975, scent commemorated the 57th anniver­ Mr. Otis Chandler, Mrs. Dorothy Chandler, and another million bales likely will be added sary of Lithuanian independence. As Members of the Los Angeles Times, and dis­ to this supply this year at current prices. Americans approach the 200th anniver­ tinguished guests, "The full and complete Many Western growers are in fact opposed to sary of our own hard-won independence, development of the world and the cause of this bill because of the excess supplies it it is appropriate to recall the people of peace require the maximum participation of would create. Lithuania, and to commend their det er­ women as well as men in all fields." Furthermore, declining demand has been mined dedication to freedom. This statement, from the Preamble of the widened by the 35% reduction in U.S. cotton Mr. Speaker, I wish to join with many United Nations Declaration of the Elimina­ consumption between January 1974 and tion of Discrimination Against Women in January 1975. Confirmation of this diminish­ other distinguished Members of this 1967, established a goal and an ideal that ing demand is highlighted by the decision body in extending my very best wishes have gathered force. This year, 1975, is pro­ of cotton farmers to reduce this year's plant­ to the people of Lithuania and to all claimed by the United Nations as Interna­ ing by some 9.5 million acres, or 32%. Americans of Lithuanian descent. tional Women's Year. Throughout the world H.R. 4296 is expected to add $45 million to The people of Lithuania have strug­ a conscious effort is underway to bring retail cotton costs. (This figure is based upon gled long and hard-in the face of over­ women into a full participating role in social, a 9¢ per pound increase paid for raw cotton whelming obstacles-to maintain their economic and political leadership. multiplied by the 4,988 million pounds of sense of cultural integrity and inde­ The acceptance of women in new fields is current production) a recent phenomenon. Today the media ac­ Finally, an increase in loan supports and pendence. Americans at large have much knowledges women as the "big story", and target prices would undoubtedly weaken the to learn from the proud people of politics is no exception. already enda.ngered competitive status of Lithuania and from those Americans For example, when the national TV net­ U.S cotton in world markets. who cherish and preserve their rich works aired their usual election night ex- 6756 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Ma,rch 14, 1975

travaganzas last November, for the first time reveals a much different type of women that lis'hed by the 1973 act to prepare the pre­ NBC and CBS had special commentators Americans admire the most; Golda Meir, Rose liminary reorganization plan. assigned to report exclusively throughout the Kennedy, Shirley Chisholm, Indira Gandhi, evening on the way women were faring at and Pat Nixon. These women earned the ad­ The plan wil undergo further exten­ the polls. Leslie Stahl reported for CBS and miration of Americans because of their own sive regional public hearings prior to the Barbara Walters for NBC. accomplishments. (Some may claim that Pat issuance of a final system plan this The Los Angeles Times, however, was a bit Nixon is an exception, but since she won this summer to be subject to congressional ahead of NBC, CBS, and others. In 1950 Dor­ Times award in 1953 I don't think the sub­ action. othy Chandler recognized the importance ject is open to debate.) I believe the Washington Post editorial and significance of the contributions of wom­ The Gallup Poll also made an interesting of March 3, 1975, which discusses the en; and she initiated the Women of the Year finding on a national survey in 1970: 84% Awards. Today's ceremony marks a quarter of the electorate said they would vote for new regional plan and the U .S.R.A. rec­ century of this recognition. a qualified woman for Congress. ommendations, merits extensive review There are difficult and taxing problems In the U.S. Congress today, 18 Congress­ by our colleagues and the public. I would facing us at this moment. The industrial women hold elected places beside 417 male urge each local and State official to give advances of the world community are rap­ Representatives. All represent varying view the preliminary system plan careful idly devouring the supply of natural re­ points and all are quite different, from study as it may affect rail service in his sources. Items that we have long taken for Barbara Jordan to Bella Abzug---or from Pat or her area. granted, have suddenly become critically Schroeder, a 32 year old lawyer, to Millicent The article follows: scarce. Fenwick, a former Vogue editor and author But in the first confusion of awakening of the Vogue Book of Etiquett who at 64 THE RA~ROAD PLAN AND THE COUNTRY to an unsure future of limitation and scar­ is a freshman Member. , The proposals made public last week for city, we have overlooked a plentiful resource: And more will be coming to Congress as restructuring the railroads of the Northeast human talent. women win their way into local and state should force this country to face a series It is a tragic irony that we despair over offices, become visible as effective public of hard questions it has avoided in the past. deprivations about to be suffered, while sev­ leaders, and move into Federal elected ranks. These concern not only railroads but the re­ en-one-half-million able and creative Amer­ At this unique point in history the aspira­ lationship of government to private indus­ icans sit idle, their collective energy languish­ tions of women are in march step with the try; not only transportation but the system ing. needs of the Nation. We offer new leader­ of hiding the costs of social policies in prices We must come to realize that we are in ship in an uninspired time, a new supply rather than paying for them out of taxes; another difficult period in our history when of energy in the void of scarcity, and the not only the planning of a railroad network economic realignments and iru>titutional power of our collective spirit in a time of but the changing of the economic struc­ changes must be undertaken. apathy. ture of a major part of the nation. The ques­ With ingenuity and toil, coupled with the The aspirations of women will not go un­ tions and problems raised by the railroad American Spirit, we will draw upon the requited! They are best expressed in a popu­ crisis are so hard, and their prospective an­ abundant energy in our populace to advance lar song by Francis Dana Gage, sung at swers so far-reaching, that the last thing the the well-being of all our citizens. women's suffrage meetings one hundred country needs now is for politicians to brush And women will be called upon as never years ago. The song is called "One Hundred aside as impractical-or to embrace as in­ before. As a group they possess the largest Years Hence", and it appropriately expresses evitable-the proposals made last week. reservoir of unused capacity, for they have the aspirations of women for the 1970's: These problems arise partly because of the been unemployed and under-employed more economic condition in which the country than the rest. "One hundred years hence, what a change now finds itself and partly because of the This is not because women have less edu­ will be made, critical condition of the railroads. The Amer­ cation or aptitude. In fact, the record shows In Politics, morals, religion and trade, ican economy cannot continue to operate just the opposite. Women 18 years of age and In statesmen who wrangle or ride on the as it does now without a viable railroad net­ over in the labor force have slightly more fence, work in the Northeast. Nor can it afford to schooling than the general population. These things will be altered a hundred continue the aimless course of public policy This is a paradoxical time. Women offer years hence. that has contributed to the bankruptcy of the most because society has advanced them "Then woman, man's partner, man's equal this vast railroad network. The "easy" solu­ the least. shall stand tions-pouring in billions in federal tax dol­ At times of great stress societies have fre­ While beauty and harmony govern the land. lars to preserve the status quo or national­ quently set aside their previous prejudices To think for oneself will be no offense izing the existing system with all its faults­ and looked for leadership in uncommon The world will be thinking a hundred years will be far more expensive in the long run. places; Golda Meir and Indira Gandhi both hence. And they will be misleading to the public were called to lead their countries in hours which should be presented with the hard of crisis; and Franklin Roosevelt chose "Instead of speech-making to satisfy wrong, questions now. Francis Perkins in 1933 to be the first wom­ All will join the gloo chorus to sing Free­ One part of the U.S. Railway Association's an cabinet member: Secretary of Labor-the dom's song preliminary plan demonstrates the scope of focal point of New Deal reform. And if the millennium is not a pretense those questions. That is its proposal to cut Last week Carla Anderson Hills became We'll all be good brothers a hundred years the rail network in the Northeast by almost Secretary of Housing and Urban Develop­ hence." 30 per cent through the elimination of ment, the third woman cabinet member ... freight service over 6200 miles of track. On In the coming days more women will be much of this track, freight operations have called upon to lead. been uneconomical for years. They have been In state legislatures across the country RAILROAD HOMEWORK FOR continued because someone-government or women made modest gains in 1974, increasing THE NATION industry--decided the social costs of elimi­ their representation from five to eight per­ nating those operations were too high. The cent. Several states deserve special mention: result is that these operations are being (and in New Hampshire there are 104 women leg­ HON. JOHN D. DINGELL have been) subsidized by the railroads, and islators out of 424. In Arizona there are 18 OF MICHIGAN the subsidy has been paid for either through women out of 90, and in Colorado 16 out of higher than necessary freight rates on other 100. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES segments of track or out of the profits o.f Women a.lso made gains in 1947 in getting Friday, March 14, 1975 the railroads. This system of subsidization elected statewide offices. Connecticut now did not cause much grief as long as the rail­ has a woman governor, New York has a Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, the rail­ roads were profitable; the railroads com­ woman Lt. Governor and California and Min­ roads of the Nation must remain a viable plained but no one listened. But when gen­ nesota have women Secretaries of State. All part of the U.S. economy. The Congress eral railroad profitability dropped, these in­ told, 45 women hold statewide offices out of acted in 1973 to begin reorganization of herently unprofitable lines made bankruptcy a total of 582. certain rails with the enactment of the inevitable. I think we are starting to make significant Regional Rail Reorganization Act. The In economic terms, the obvious thing to do progress. Consider this encouraging sign: in now is what the Railway Association pro­ 1965 the Gallup Poll found the women most Act's provisions were specifically geared poses: drop those lines (perhaps drop even admired by Americans to be Mrs. John F. to a~ist the public, the Government, and more than it proposes) and put the new Kennedy, Mrs. Lyndon B. Johnson, Queen the Industry to face the problem of pend­ railroad system on a firm financial base. But Elizabeth, and Mrs. Dwight D. Eisenhower. ing failure of rail service in the Midwest what happens then to those companies, in­ Three of the four obviously won their place and Northeast regions. dividuals and communities that lose rail on the list by virtue of their marriages to fa­ A preliminary system plan for the re­ freight service? Some, perhaps most, can mous men. The fourth was there by birth organization of those regional rail lines shift successfully to other modes of trans­ right. portation. But there will be those which can­ has been presented by the U.S. Railway not, and that means some factories will close, But nine years later the 1974 Gallup Poll Association, a Government agency estab- some jobs Will be lost, and some communities March 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6757 be made substantially poorer. There are two to work with arts and crafts, to play right hand man at the Boys' Club where he ways of looking at this problem. One is to games and to share quiet m{)ments of serves as program director. consider it solely in terms of the present­ "Dad keeps me on the ball," Eddie admits, in which those companies and individuals companionship and learning. I would "but he's got so much work of his own he are entitled to some kind of help. The other like to take this opportunity to honor lets me do it my way." is to acknowledge its relation to the past­ all the men and women that make this Generali wears many hats but the one he a past in which the railroads, and the users organization a reality and offer my best is proudest of is the one he wears at the of railroads, have been providing that "help" wishes for a successful National Boys Boys' Club summer camp in Middlebury. or subsidy all along. The tendency now will Club Week and up-coming year. I am in­ "I really enjoy seeing the kids having so be to look only at the present situation and serting an article which appeared in The much fun in the fresh air and sunshine," to devise remedies for it. But that is too Sunday Republican Magazine in Water­ Mario said. narrow a perspective, for it attacks only the Supervisor of the entire Boys' Club build­ results of a disease, not its underlying causes. bury, Conn., on January 19, 1975 that ing, Mario is in charge of planning with the By dwelling on the problem of uneconomic notes the contribution that Mr. Mario aid of the Board of Directors. He not only railroad lines, we do not intend to suggest Generali has made to the boys at the assists the board with the budget, but Is tha.t they are the sole, or even the principal, East End Recreation Center. Mr. Gen­ involved in fund-raising and financing. Gen­ reason for the decline of the railroads. Gov­ erali has been involved in Boys Club erali reports monthly to the board. He is ernmenrt-imposed rate structures, govern­ work since 1931 and many of the boys responsible for staff selection, with the ap­ ment-financed highways and waterways, in­ and families of Waterbury owe him their proval of the personnel committee. efficient management, resistance to innova­ thanks for the tremendous job that he Out of the Boys' Club office, Mario is in­ tion and excessive labor costs, among other has done. volved fraternally and socially. Certified by things, have also played a part. Our point the Boys' Club of America as a professional is simply that in the area of service on light­ The article follows: worker, he serves as vice-president of the ly used lines, as in other areas, a combination MARIO GENER.ALI-THE BoYs' CLUB "BIG Olympian Club; ls a member of the steering of government policies and private decisions DADDY" committee of New England Boys' Club Group, have produced an economic structure with a (By Don DeCesare) and a member of Favale Generali Italian­ huge amount 0'! excess costs built in. Neatly attired in a plaid sports jacket, American veterans. This, unfortunately, is also true in in­ yellow dress shirt, colorful striped tie and dustries other than railroading. Part of the shoes sparkling from a fresh shine, the man current problem in the airline industry has strode along like an athlete who had just the same origins, as do problems in other retired. PANAMA TREATY Industries which are required as a matter of Mario Generali was on his way back to his public policy to provide services or products office at the Boys' Club, East Main St. to particular places or people at less than The father of seven, Generali is "big cost. These, too, will come back to haunt the HON. PHILIP M. CRANE daddy" not only to his two sons and five OF ILLINOIS country someday unless public officials begin daughters, but he's also the "foster father" to look seriously a.t costs as well as beneli,;s. to hundreds of kids at the active East End IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is the size, of course, of the new railroad Recreation Center. Friday, March 14, 1975 . reorganization proposals that may begin to Generali has endeared himself to throngs drive this lesson home. The Railway Associa­ of young people since he started in Boys' Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, one of the tion is talking about $9.3 billion in federal Club work in 1931 when the old club wa,s most disturbing developments on the for­ tax funds over the next 15 years to rehabil­ on Cottage Place in downtown Waterbury. eign affairs front in the last year has itate the sharply reduced railroad network Born in Providence, R.I., the son of Peter been the news that the United States and and clear the Penn Central's Washington to and Mary Generali, Mario was one of six the Republic of Panama are in the proc­ New York track for passenger service. Not in­ Generali children-five boys and a sister. ess of negotiating a treaty that would cluded in that figure are the costs of either Mario's father, moving to Waterbury, found helping the communities and individuals dis­ work in the building trades. Mario attended surrender, to Panama, U.S. sovereignty rupted by the plan or of maintaining the ex­ Russell and Maloney Schools and later at­ over the Canal Zone. For the last 60 isting rail network Frankly, we suspect the tended Leavenworth High. years, the Panama Canal has been a vital proposal will cost more than $9.3 billion but "I enjoyed school and sports," Mario re­ link in the military and economic lifeline that prospect must be weighted against the members, "but I loved to go to the Boys' of the United States. Moreover, in con­ alterna.tives and against what governments Club mostly because there were no play­ trast to its Suez counterpart, the Pana­ have been spending on other kinds of trans­ grounds where we lived." portation which compete with the railroads. ma Canal has remained open not just to A solid athlete, Mario swam and played U.S. ships but the ships of many na­ The Railway Association says governments basketball at the club and the experience to spend about twice that much on highways helped make him a regular center on the tions. Credit for that must go to efficient each year and has spent at least half th8it Leavenworth quintet. He graduated in 1942. U.S. manageent and operation of the much improving in-land waterways (which "I'll never forget my high school experi­ Canal and to the fact that the Canal has now carry 16 per cent of the nation's freight) ences but it was my time in the Boys' Club not been permitted to become an inter­ since World War IT. that was most enjoyable," he said. In those national political football. There is too much at stake ln this reor­ days Mario sold penny candy and member­ Contrary to what many people would ganization plan for it to be taken with any­ ship cards. While still in high school he was have us believe, the Panamanians have thing less than utmost seriousness. The named membership secretary by Boys' Club quality of life and the costs of everyday liv­ officials. no claim, legal or otherwise, over the ing in the Northeast for years to come will be "In those days Bill Johnson was the execu­ Canal or the Canal Zone. Our sovereign determined, in part, by what comes out of tive director of the club," Mario recalled. rights "in perpetuity" are clearly spelled this plan. So will the relationship between "Little did I know then that I would succeed out in the Hay-Bunau-Varilla and the industry and government in fields other than Mr. Johnson," he said. Thompson-Urrutia Treaties, our money railroading. While there are many specific of Generali became a full-time staff member and know-how were responsible for the the plan which need close scrutiny, the most in 1943 but shortly thereafter was drafted Canal being built, and the annual pay­ important aspect is the opportunity it pro­ into the U.S. Army Air Corps. He served in vides--indeed, imposes--for serious thought, ment we make to Panama is not "rent" Wichita Falls, Texas, Kessler Air Force Base on the Canal Zone as so many people be­ about where public policy is taking us and in Mississippi and Chanute Air Force Base whether that is where we want to go. in llllnois. lieve, but is an annuity payment. More­ "I was a trained mechanic then," Mario over, in buying the rights to the Canal said, "and I worked mostly on P-80 fighter Zone from the Panamanians, the French, planes." the Colombians and all individual land­ A TRIBUTE TO MARIO GENERAL·! Discharged in 1944, Mario returned to the owners we have paid out more money­ Boys' Club. over $166 million-than we have for all "It's hard to explain the feelings I experi­ other U.S. territorial extensions put to­ encet:l when I returned to the Boys' Club," gether. In addition, since 1903, we have HON. RONALD A. SARASIN Mario said. Mario married the former Marie OF CONNECTICUT Calo in 1947. poured almost $7 billion into construc­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The GenE>ra.lls have seven children-five tion, operation, and defense of the Canal Friday, March 14, 1975 daughters and two sons. Zone. "They're all great kids," Generali testifies. Not surprisingly, the benefits to Pan­ Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, boys clubs "All a.re good students a.nd they're handy amanians have been considerable: 30 per­ throughout the Nation provide our young around the house, too." Edmund, 23, a grad­ cent of their foreign exchange earnings men with the opportunity to enjoy life: uate of Sa.cred Heart High School and Uni­ and 13 percent of their total GNP may To play basketball and baseball, to swim, versity of Connecticut is now his father's be directly or indirectly attributed to the 6758 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 14, 1975 existence of the canal. About one-third for ratification of a treaty. The resolution ex­ people kill each other; we see these places of Panama's population lives near the ceeded by three names the 34 votes neces­ on the news every night. Daily, we read sary to block any treaty. Further, some of Canal Zone, many work in the zone, and the signatories are among the most powerful the news accounts of violence in Ireland they would be the biggest losers if the members of the Senate. and we see photographs of children Canal Zone were to be closed as a result A similar resolution offered in the House carrying guns and elders carrying chil­ of either a national or international pow­ recently by Reps. Lenore Sullivan, D-Mo., and dren to their graves. er struggle. Dan Flood, D-Pa., was accompanied by 111 But the continuing strife and tragic If U.S. sovereignty were surrendered, signatures. violence in Northern Ireland is different, is either a likely possibility? Unfortu­ Normally, the House has no voice in for we have it in our power to take a treaties with foreign nations, but the House significant step toward ending it. The nately, the answer, based on the histori­ must approve any transfer of property ac­ cal record, is clearly yes. Not only has the quired with taxpayers' money, as was the Irish civil war has been going in for present ruler of Panama, Gen. Omar Tor­ case with the Panama Canal and all its in­ many years and has its roots deep in the rijos, indicated his interest in having stallations. In the House, a bare majority is centuries. The Irish people are tired of closer ties with Cuban Communist dicta­ sufficient to defeat such a transfer. bloodshed, tired oi death. tor Fidel Castro, but one cannot even be The Thurmond-McClellan resolution de­ The British soldiers stationed in North­ sure how long he will be around. clared that the government should maintain ern Ireland masquerade under the title As my colleague Congressman WILLIAM and protect its sovereign rights and juris­ of "peacekeeping forces." But rather than diction over the canal and the zone and DICKINSON has pointed out, there have should "in no way cede, dilute, negotiate or keep the peace, their presence has ex­ been 13 changes of government in Pan­ transfer any of the sovereign rights, powers, acerbated the tense situation. They have ama since World War II and 5 of them authority, jurisdiction or property" there. become an antagonist in the struggle. were of a violent nature. In fact, Torrijos If the signatures on both resolutions are Their very presence incites resentment himself came to power as a result of a counted in terms of reaction to the treaty and anger which leads, in this volatile coup d'etat staged just a few weeks after now being worked out by the administration situation, to inevitable violence. an elected President took office. with Panamanian negotiators, ratification Mr. Speaker, let us not shrug our shoul­ appears doomed from the outset. Furthermore, the Soviet Union has Ambassador-at-Large Ellsworth Bunker and ders, saying this is none of our concern, been actively working to expand its mili­ Panama Foreign Minister Juan Tack have because these British soldiers are trained tary inftnence in the Caribbean area. Not been at work for more than a year on terms with our assistance for their duty in only does it have a satellite in Castro's of the new treaty. Indications are they can Northern Ireland. They fire our bullets CUba, but it has been using that satel­ produce a treaty acceptable to President Ford from our guns. Our Nation has provided lite to make possible air and sea ventures and Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger, the weaponry they need to continue the into an area vital to American security. as well as to the Panamanian strongman, suppression of the minority in Northern At least a dozen deployments of Soviet Brig. Gen. Omar Torrijos, within the next Ireland, and this unpleasant fact is high­ few months. Congressional approval is re­ vessels have visited Cuba and environs quired before a treaty would go into effect. ly objectionable to many of our citizens. in recent years, a submarine base has Asst. Secretary of State for Inter-Ameri­ This resolution calls upon our Nation been built at Cienfuegon and Soviet re­ can Affairs William D. Rogers recently testi­ to end this aid by embargoing the ex­ connaissance aircraft have operated out fied before the Senate Foreign Relations portation of all weapons and ammuni­ of Havana. Nothing would please the So­ Committee that the United States is pre­ tion to Great Britain which are related viets more than the prospect of the canal pared to shed the nonessential activities it to the suppression of the minority in coming under the control of a regime conducts in Panama. Northern Ireland. It also calls on our Na­ He said the American stance is to recognize with which they could hope to do busi­ Panama's full sovereignty over all its terri­ tion to Great Britain which are related ness. tory, including the 10-mile-wide Canal Zone, seek, as a high priority, the unification Mr. Speaker, there are many of us in while the United States would retain effec­ of Ireland, making certain that all the Congress who feel that retention of sov­ tive control over operation of the canal and people of Ireland have an equal oppor­ ereignty over the Panama Canal is a mat­ its defense for a reasonably protracted period. tunity to express their will and resolve ter of vital importance to the United Rogers said the negotiators still must ad­ this crucial question democratically. States. This is not somebody else's canal dress the major problems of duration of the Our N8Jtion cannot, as a practical mat­ new treaty and the question of an American or territory we are discussing, this is our option to expand the canal. ter, be a first party to a settlement in canal and our property, bought, built, The existence of 37 signatures to the Thur­ Northern Ireland. But we are a first and operated with our money in accord­ mond-McClellan resolution in the Senate party to the continuation of bloodshed. ance with treaties that make our right to came as a surprise because traditionally the Let us do everything in our power to ownership very clear. To surrender our House has been the hotbed of resistance to end this violence and bitterness, before sovereignty in my opinion would be an any concessions to Panama. While the treaty yet another generation of Irish children alienation of our own territory and a cannot be pronounced dead on the basis of grows up in a world of terror and blood­ the resolution, the administration is put on matter of great concern to all Americans. notice that it will have to launch an inten­ shed. Fortunately, Congress is not unaware sive lobbying campaign to get even a narrow I respectfully invite my colleagues to of the dangers involved in surrendering margin of approval when the time comes for join in supporting this resolution, and I the Canal Zone to Panama. Resolutions ratification. include the full text of this resolution in concerning the matter have been intro­ The canal issue is one of explosive na­ the RECORD, as follows: duced into both the House and Senate, tionalistic potential in Panama. It led to riot­ H.J. REs. 324 and, for the edification of those who may ing and shooting between U.S. Army units Joint resolution calling for peace in Northern not have followed their progress, I would and Panamanian citizens in 1964. Officials concede that the two congressional resolu­ Ireland and the establishment of a United like to introduce into the RECORD a recent tions might hamstring the Bunker-Tack Ireland Washington Star article by Jeremiah negotiations or even push Panama into Resolved by the Senate and House oj O'Leary that sums up the situation well. breaking off the talks. Representatives of the United States of [From the Washington Star, Mar. 5, 1975] America in Congress assembled, Whereas the continuing strife in North­ PANAMA TREATY HITS SNAG ern Ireland is a cause of deep concern to (By Jeremiah O'Leary) Americans of all faiths and political per­ The administration's plan for a new treaty PEACE FOR NORTHERN ffiELAND suasions; and with Panama that would concede sovereignty Whereas the nation of Ireland has been over the Canal Zone and grant other major partitioned against the wishes of the ma­ concessions to the Isthmian republic has HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN jority of the Irish people; and suffered a severe and possibly fatal setback OF NEW YORK Whereas the Governments of the United in the Senate. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Kingdom and of Northern Ireland have failed The roadblock in the path of a new treaty to end the bloodshed and have failed to arose when Sens. Strom Thurmond, R-S.C., Friday, March 14, 1975 establish measures to meet the legitimate and John McClellan, D-Ark., submitted a Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, today I am grievances of the minority in Northern Ire­ resolution to the Senate accompanied by the land; and signatures of 37 cosponsors calling on the introducing a resolution calling for peace Whereas our Nation's relationship with the federal government not to transfer any of its in Northern Ireland and for the estab­ Government of the United Kingdom of Great rights over the waterway and the Canal Zone lishment of a United Ireland. Britain has been supportive; and to Panama. For all too many of our citizens, North­ Whereas reports have indicated th·at the Under Senate rules, 67 votes are required ern Ireland is just another place where United Kingdom of Great Britain has been March 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6759 purchasing military supplies a nd equipment I take this Award-not for myself-but in It is not because we have stopped trying. from the United States for use in Northern behalf of the organization I have the honor It is becau.se the policies of the Administra­ Ireland, and to head, the AFL-CIO-in behalf, really of tion that has been in power in Washington Whereas after hundreds of years of bitter the American labor movement which, I be­ since January, 1969 have thrown this nation confrontation, hopes for a lasting peace in lieve, perhaps immodestly, is the most effec­ into an economic crisis worse than anything Northern Ireland remain dim: Now, there­ tive human rights movement in this country. we have known since the Great Depression fore, be it You know-in the final analysis-human of the 1930s. Resolved, That the House of Represen ta­ rights rest on human dignity-on a common Unemployment is feeding on unemploy­ tives and the Senate of the United States of recognition of the worth of the human per­ ment. 8.2 percent of our workforce is job­ America in Congress assembled, urge the sonality. less-according to the official figures, which President of the United States to direct the If we lose that sense of self-worth-of very much understate the problem. representative of the United States to the dignity, we become careless of the rights of But, while the otncial overall rate is 8.2 United Nations to call upon that body tore­ others and we fail to claim our own rights percent, it was 13.4 percent for blacks in mid­ quest full respect for the civil rights of all as well. Before we know it, we have passively January. It was 14.3 for the unskilled and the people of Northern Ireland, the termina­ acquiesced in our own enslavement. 13.1 for the semi-skilled. It was 20.8 for teen­ tion of all political, social, economic and re­ It is not surprising, therefore, that totali­ agers and 41.1 for black teenagers. ligious discrimination, the settlement of the tarian governments mu.st rob their citizens Now, I submit--contrary to what Arthur question of the unification of Ireland and of dignity. Burns may think-that these are not just that the people of Northern Ireland have a The business of dictatorship is to dictate-­ statistics. This is a human tragedy. Millions . free opportunity to express their will for to control all the way-including the thought of disadvantaged Americans who began to union and that this be attained by an elec­ processes of its victims. In carrying on its make real progress in the 1960s are now be­ tion of the people of all Ireland, north and business, it destroys the dignity of all those ing thrust back to where they were ten or south, under the auspices of a United Na­ under its control by telling them that they fifteen yea.rs ago. tions Commission for Ireland, to be desig­ are not whole human beings in themselves­ I believe that we are sitting on social nated by the General Assembly pursuant to that they are fulfilled as persons only through dynamite. A.s the recession deepens--and all articles 11 and 35 of the charter, which shall service to the State-or only through sub­ signs point in that direction-racial and so­ establish the terms and conditions of such servience to an ideology or doctrine. Their cial tensions are bound to rise, posing a eleotion. own humanity is not sufficient--they need threat to the real accomplishments of orga'" Further it be resolved, by the Hou.se of Big Brother-be he named Adolph, Josef or nizations like the National Conference of Representatives and the Senate assembled Leonid. Christians and Jews and so many others that that the United States of America shall dis­ But dictatorship is not the only enemy have labored so hard to eradicate bigotry and continue all military aid and training pro­ of human dignity. Poverty, hunger, disease, prejudice from the land. grams with the United Kingdom of Great unemployment--these are also things that I did not come here to present the AFL­ Britain which are related to the suppression demean the human personality. These are CIO's program to deal with the economic of the minortty in Northern Ireland and also the things that make people feel less crisis-although I do want you to be aware which are not directly related to North than whole. that we have one. We think it is a better one Atlantic Treaty Organization commit­ That is why a man who is out of work­ than the President has offered---e.nd, cer­ ments and that the United States of a man who can not properly feed or clothe tainly, it is more comprehensive than what America shall embargo the exportation of all or shelter his famlly does not feel like a the Democrats have offered. weapons and ammunition to the United whole man-and the same goes for women The point I want to make is that all us who Kingdom of Great Britain which are related who bear like responsibilities. are deeply concerned about human rights and to the suppression of the minority in North­ And, I believe, the labor movement has human relations must turn our attention to ern Ireland and which are nrot exclusively done more than any other single force in the economy-because if it continues to go reserved for North Atlantic Treaty Organi­ American life to enhance the economic se­ downhill-it can become the breeding ground zation usage. curity of the great mass of America's work­ of ugly social impulses and emotions-among ing people. I also believe it has done more them the ancient curse of anti-Semitism. than any other segment of our society to I am not an alarmist but I do read his­ build the broad base of dignity that sup­ tory-and we know from history, that anti­ NATIONAL BROTHERHOOD AWARD ports the human rights we often take for Semitism seems to intensify in times of granted. severe economic and social stress. In this sense, the labor movement is a Today, we have an additional danger. Not HON. JOSHUA EILBERG human rights movement--no less than the only does our deteriorating domestic economy OF PENNSYLVANIA National Conference of Christians and Jews provide an all-too-rich soil for scapegoating and demagoguery but, we are faced--on the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES or the NAACP. And yet, much of what we do in the field international scene-with powerful waves of Friday, March 14, 1975 of human rights does not carry a human anti-Semitism emanating from the Middle East. Mr. EIT.,BERG. Mr. Speaker, AFL-CIO rights label. It is a natural by-product of our day-to-day role in the world of work. And, make no mistake about it--the Arab President George Meany, in accepting For example, we do not recruit to the ranks fanatics are not just anti-Israel or anti-Zion­ the National Brotherhood Award for the of organized labor on the basis of race, creed, ist. They are anti-Jewish. They are plain, year 1974, at the Washington, D.C. din­ sex or ethnic background. We do not have old-fashioned anti-Semites in the spirit of ner of the National Conference of Chris­ quotas in the labor movement. Adolph Hitler. tians and Jews, presented a particularly We don't ask a man where he comes from But, the most outrageous thing is that the cogent and timely statement to the Amer­ or what his political views are before he venom with which they have poisoned their joins a union. All we want to know is-does own societies they now seek to inject into our ican Nation on the subject of human society. rights. he work here and what kind of work does he do and-if he works for a living, we feel he I think President Ford is to be commended I would like to share with my col­ belongs in the union. for speaking out so clearly against the Arab blacklist. The idea that any foreign investors leagues and with the American people And, despite all of the anti-union propa­ the AFL-CIO and Mr. Meany's insight would discriminate against Americans who ganda that has been beamed into the black are Jewish or who do business with Israel is on this subject at a time when many community, the latest studies show that a monstrous abomination. believe the position of the United States black workers are more prone to join a union But, what is worse is the fact that there both at home and abroad may have be­ than are white workers. are American Governmental agencies that co­ come incoherent, vague or ambiguous. And, no wonder-the earnings of unionized operate in this despicable pract ice. Following is the text of President black workers are, on the average, substan­ Imagine! The Army Corps of Engineers ad­ tially higher than among their non-union mits that it goes along with the demands Meany's award acceptance address: counterparts. SPEECH BY GEORGE MEANY of the Arab States that no Jews be sent into I contend that when you substantially their countries. I am delighted to be here and, of course, raise a man's earnings--especially if he is a And, then we learn that our Department of deeply honored to receive the annual Broth­ poor man-you don't just put more meat on Agriculture-you know Earl Butz' Depart­ erhood Award of the National Conference of his table-you help him hold his head a little ment of Agriculture-you know Earl Butz­ Christians and Jews. higher. holds a 6.5 percent interest In the Intra In­ I'm particularly honored to be introduced And that is what the labor movement and presented here tonight by the Vice Presi­ is in the bu.siness of doing-helping people ve5tment Company of Beirut, Lebanon-a dent of the United States, who I have known hold their heads a little higher. Helping company that boycotts banks th.at give eco­ for many, many years. I have been reading people become more human in the highest nomic assistance to the Israelis. about him lately. I see where he is trying sense-and therefore more conscious of their I think we have to go farther than the to bring the United States Senate into the human rights. President's statement. I think we have to let 20th Century. And I would say, if he was But, these days-we must admit-our job the whole world know that in the United scarred a little bit in the attempt, not to is getting more difficult each day-and you States of America, that in our country, hu­ worry about it. They are very honorable scars. all know the reason. man rights still take priority over the dollar. 6760 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 14, 1975 I think we should tell the Arabs that any growth and expansion of democratic societies most important single factor in winning the would-be investors from any country who throughout the world. It used to be thought passage of that 1965 Voting Rights Act. subscribes to the blacklist are henceforth that this commitment was not just a matter So, when you hear people talking about barred from doing business in the United of sentimental idealism but was based on a "powerful big labor"-yes, we have power­ States. recognition that totalitarianism-whether of but we like to think that we use our "labor There is some business we don't need. the left or the right-posed an ever-present power" on behalf of human rights. Throughout the world today there is great threat to our own way of life. And, we say-flat out: What we want for confusion about what the United States of One doesn't hear much of this kind of talk ourselves as American workers, we want for America stands for--or whether we stand for any more. It is buried under mountains of all the people of this world-the entire anything at all. propaganda about detente and peaceful co­ human family. In the American Congress, a very strange existence. And, in this climate, talk about All peoples-not just Americans-should discussion is taking place. It has to do with democracy and human rights becomes an have the rights that were won in Selma, whether we should give South Vietnam the embarrassment. It makes people feel uncom­ Alabama-ten years ago-the rights we are remaining $300 million of the $1 billion origi­ fortable. It makes them feel awkward. still fighting to protect and expand. nally authorized for military assistance. In Frankly, I think that this is a terrible All people should have these rights-and, other words, should we keep our commit­ thing. We have come to a sorry pass in the if saying that is interfering in the internal ment. According to many experts, the sur­ history of this great experiment in demo­ affairs of other countries then I would take vival of the country may be at stake. cratic self-government whose 200th anniver­ my stand with Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, who Many voices are raised against further aid. sary we shall soon celebrate. said: The Thieu regime is too repressive, they say. There is no doubt in my mind but that " ... All Internal Affairs have ceased to It is also too corrupt. It is intolerant to press this world-wide confusion about the credi­ exist on our crowded Earth! The salvation of crit icism. It manhandles demonstrators. It bility, the commitment and the cardinal pur­ mankind lies only in making everything the even sometimes arrests union leaders and poses of the United States in world affairs to­ concern of all." Buddhists. Its elections are not nearly as day is a major factor contributing to the fi­ In this spirit of brotherhood, I thank you democratic as ours. nancial and political instability that has again for your annual award, which I am I can understand these criticisms-al­ shaken so much of the Western world and pro:ud to accept on behalf of the ~CIO. though I don't agree with the conclusions threatens to alter the international balance some people come to. But, what I can't un­ of power with frightful consequences. derstand is how the same people who want to But, while the immediate future looks cut off aid to South Vietnam because its gov­ glum, in the long run, I am not a pessimist. THE FUTURE OF U.S. FOREIGN ernment is too repressive-turn around and Increasingly, thoughtful Americans are be­ ASSISTANCE argue for 6 percent U.S. credits for the So­ ginning to realize that the pendulum has viet Union-where there are No demonstra­ swung too far in the direction of wistful tions, No unions, No elections--and the m ost delusion. degrading form of corrupt ion-the complete A new realism is bound to set in-and with HON. EDWARD G. RIESTER, JR. monopoly of all power-political, economic it-a new set of policies. The greatest OF PENNSYLVANIA and military-by a single ruling clique over enemies of genuine detente will prove to be­ the lives of every single person within the not the so-called Cold Warriors like George IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Soviet Union. Meany, but the inab111ty of the Soviet Friday, March 14, 1975 Incidentally, on the issue of governmental Union-given the system by which it is gov­ corrupt ion in high places, we here in the erned~to renounce its fundamental ambi­ Mr. BIESTER. Mr. Speaker, yesterday, United States should guard against any feel­ tions and values. by a mere 11 votes the House passed a ing of excessive self-righ teousness. Those ambitions and values may be tem­ foreign assistance appropriations bill We should give some t hought and con­ porarily accommodated by some of our busi­ which substantially reduced funding for templat ion to our own recent experience witb nessmen who are at home wherever there is several very important and very prag­ corrupt ion at t he very h ighest level. a buck to be made-whether in Texas or matic aspects of our Nation's develop­ If the st upid Watergate break-in had not Siberia-but we, in the labor movement, can accidentally come to light-how far would not make that cozy accommodation. ment assistance. While I am relieved the Fascist mentality that prevailed in the We can not survive as a trade union move­ that we have finally passed an appro­ White House have carried us down the road ment except where there is democracy. Hu­ priations bill, I believe that the drastic to repression of individual human rights­ man rights are the very life blood of our reductions in such areas as food and to harassment and control of the press-to movement. nutrition, international organizations, the manhandling of demonstrators and all Take away the freedom to speak, the free­ and international population planning the rest of those evils of dictatorial regimes dom to associate, the freedom to assemble, and health were a serious mistake. which we so readily deplore? the freedom to criticize the government, if How much of a step would it have been you please, the freedom to strike--take these Today's New York Times contains an from the promulgation of an enemies list to away and you can perhaps still run a cor­ editorial which expresses one important the complete monopoly of power over the poration but you can't run an institution reaction to yesterday's action. Among social, economic and polit ical life of our such as a trade union dedicated to the wel­ other things, the editorial effectively nation? fare of the ordinary citizen who works for points out that the United States is being The air has been filled recently with talk wages-No Way! Come to think of it, when left out of several very important inter­ of detente. That's a lovely word. I couldn't and where workers lose these freedoms, some­ national development schemes, carried find it in the American dictionary, but, it's how all the other segments of society are out under the auspices of the Interna­ in the French dictionary. Detente not only likewise adversely affected. with the Soviet Union and China but with This is why-no matter what Administra­ tional Monetary Fund and the World the East European puppet regimes. Trade tion is in power, or who the Secretary of Bank. with these countries from the United States State may be--the Trade Union movement I believe that for the United States to is aid to them. Yet, which of these govern­ has~and must have--a continuing and con­ fail to play an active and constructive ments comes anywhere near being as demo­ sistent commitment to human rights and role in world development is to do long­ crat!(: as South Vietnam? democratic values. range injury to our national well-being. So, as you look at our policies in Southeast Ten years ago on the 7th of this month, Our relations with the less developed Asia-where the first bitter fruits of a false an event took place in Selma, Alabama, detente can be tasted-'8.nd as you look at which will not soon be forgotten. states of Africa. Asia, and Latin America our policies toward the Soviet Union-where On that "Bloody Sunday," hundreds of are vital to our future political, economic, our guiding moral principle-and "moral" has people who were peacefully demonstrating and strategic security. to be in quotes-is no interference in their for voting rights were set upon by Alabama The New York Times makes its point internal affairs," not even in defense of hu­ Highway patrolmen and brutally beaten. briefly but tellingly. Mr. Speaker, I in­ man rights-and then as you look at our That was a horrible day in our history. But, sert the text of the editorial at this point policies in the Middle East-where we are six months later--on August 6 , 1965, Presi­ in the RECORD: supplying various Arab governments with dent Lyndon Johnson signed the Voting New fancy aircraft, nuclear reactors-and God Rights Act into law. [From the York Times, March 14, 1975] knows what else--what other goodies Henry Many people sacrificed life, limb and secu­ THE Am DISGRACE hands out--at the same time those Govern­ rity on behalf of the cause of civil rights in The increasing dimculty in obtaining Con­ ments remain pledged to destroy Isreel, the the 1960s. But the point is, their sacrifice gressional appropriations for foreign aid­ only democratic state in the Middle East­ was not in vain. They actually won. And, with fiscal 1975 funds finally voted by the as you look over all these policies, is it any because of their victory, Selma seems far off House yesterday in the ninth month of the wonder that nobody knows anymore what today-a long, long time away. year-is leading other wealthy nations to by­ this country believes in--or what it stands The American labor movement was part of pass the United States in getting vital proj­ for? that struggle--as you would expect. Not ects under way. It used to be thought that we had a clear enough people know, however, that labor's Thus, the International Monetary Fund's commitment--a vested interest--in the influence on Capitol Hill was probablv t.h~ SDrlCial $6 billion "oil facility" is set up on a March 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6761 basis designed to permit the program to go THE GOP-THE NEED FOR A REM­ spectacular Bull Moose bolt of 1912. Judg­ ahead whether or not the United States con­ EDY FOR AN OVERDOSE OF ME­ ing from experience, the outlook for a. new tributes its share. The plan provides for a TOOISM third party would not be bright. voluntary system of contributions by indus­ Yet there are countless signs from through­ tl1al and oil-producing nations. The money out America. of a powerful grassroots yearn­ will subsidize interest payments on seven­ ing for a fighting party with new blood, a year loans to enable about thirty of the poor­ HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN political force with a. leadership that is ar­ est countries to pay their steeply increased OF MARYLAND ticulate, vigorous and aggressive. bills for essential oil, food and fertilizer. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The constituency that sprang the 1972 Now the World Bank, for the first time, is landslide is looking for a party that can drawing up plans for $1 billion a year in Friday, March 14, 1975 define gut issues, state cases powerfully and long-term development loans at subsidized Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, a recent clearly, draw crowds, galvanize voters, win interest rates to fifty poor countries, sub­ editorial in the Indianapolis Star makes elections, defend middle class rights and sidies that again would not be dependent on some interesting comments on the cur­ interests, put down crime, widen the domain American participation. This so-called "third of liberty, turn the tide against totalitari­ window" for loans would be on terms roughly rent state of the Republican Party and anism at home and abroad, and pull this midway between the normal "hard" or mar­ its internal affairs. The Star correctly nation out of a collectivist mire and get it ket-level loans of the World Bank at 8.5 per concludes that what is needed in America moving again. cent interest and the zero interest on "soft is not a new third party, but rather "a This is a mighty task and challenge. Lead­ loans" from the Bank's so-called "second vigorous second party." I might add that ership bold, shrewd and strong enough to window," operated by the International De­ this editorial assessment of the state of meet it should be able to take command velopment Association (I.D.A.). my party is one of the best I have seen of a party organization that whatever its The ingenious "third window" approach weaknesses and flaws is nationwide and stilJ would not require governments to appropri­ and is far more realistic than the views breathing, and build it into an invincible ate tax-funds for the whole $1 billion-a­ expressed by some Republican "leaders" force. year of loan money. Rather, the World Bank who apparently are willing to "broaden" The nation doesn't need a third party would borrow in capital markets, as it does the party right out of existence. I in­ What it needs is a vigorous second party. funds for hard loans, and governments would clude the editorial at this point in my have to pledge only a fifth of the total, or remarks: $200 million, to subsidize thirty years of [From the Indianapolis Star, Mar. 5, 1975] interest payments at say 4.5 per cent. THE CLASS OF 1975 On that basis, the initial American share TRYING To TuRN THE GOP might be well under $20 million, now that Mounting calls of some conservatives for a the oil-producing countries have joined the third political party in the United States may HON. LEO C. ZEFERETTI donor nations. Yet confidence in American well have triggered two recent moves by OF NEW YORK willingness to carry even this small burden­ groups of other conservatives to try to turn out of a natioll8.1 budget of $350 billion­ the Republican Party to more conservative IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVE::: has fallen so low that the plan is designed to leadership. Friday, March 14, 1975 go forward regardless of American delays. The latter is the wiser course. In contrast, Europe's nine Common Mar­ Last weekend a group of 28 conservative Mr. ZEFERETTI. Mr. Speaker, it is ket countries are not only supporting this members of Congress, governors and party of­ now early March, and in little more than plan but are otherwise now contributing a ficials met in Washington and served notice 3% months, another class will leave much higher percentage of their national in­ on President Ford that their support can­ America's high schools and college cam­ comes to foreign aid than the United States. not be taken for granted, that they want to puses. Only this class seems fated to en­ Apart from national programs, the nine to­ see more evidence of conservative influence gether have just signed a five-year treaty in GOP leadership. The President is, of counter a stone wall of joblessness and that envisages more than $4 billion in aid course, the titular head of the party. Sena­ lack of economic opportunity. At least for 46 developing countries in Africa, the tor James L. Buckley (R-N.Y.), elected as a one million young men and women will Caribbean and the Pacific that were formerly conservative, called the group together. leave college and at least twice that num­ their colonies. Earlier the Republican Study Commit­ ber will graduate from high schoo1 . The United States certainly can claim an tee of the U.S. House of Representatives, a Any indepth look around the job mar­ honorable early record in foreign aid; but group of about 70 conservatives, issued a ket leaves any careful observer with the that record is long past. And the poor are statement that it intended to work "to in­ always with us. The United States, despite sure that conservative alternatives are given dismaying feeling that economic catas­ the recession, remains the world's richest full and fair hearing boh on he floor of the trophe is about to be compounded. Sum­ country. The Congress, through its slug­ House and in the councils of the administra­ mer jobs are virtually nonexistent. Hun­ gishness, and the Administration, through tion." It said the group will continue to work dreds of applicants appear for any its weakness, combine to downgrade the na­ closely with House Republican leadership. meaningful post that opens up. With tion by this continuing default. Conservative indictment of the GOP is the exception of a few openings in fields hardheaded, realistic and biting. Its main like engineering and accounting, few op­ point: the party is near death from an over­ dose of me-too-ism. It has aped and echoed portunities exist. Few families will have the financial resources to send college AMERICA, WE LOVE YOU the liberals so long that it is no longer it­ self. graduates to graduate school if they can­ Its gravest sin, one that could cost the not find work. Many families will not be J. GOP its life, is that it falls to represent its able to send promising young people to HON. ROBERT LAGOMARSINO constituency. Whatever the reason, it does college at all. Even the armed services, OF CALIFORNIA not fight vigorously as it should, and some­ often able to absorb several hundred IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES times it does not fight at all, for the rights and principles and even the governmental thousand young graduates are virtually Friday, March 14, 1975 policies essential to the surviva.l of the mid­ full to bursting and v:ill be relatively un­ Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I dle class-"Middle America." able to absorb many more recruits. commend to the Members of this body That is only a thumbnail sketch. But it What is most disturbing about all this the following patriotic poem written by is enough to explain why the GOP appears is that the administration seems to be my constituent, Miss Alice L. Shiver of to some to be headed for the place where just sitting there, awaiting some event Oxnard, Calif.: elephants go to die. or shove to get moving on some mean­ So drastic changes appear to be in order. ingful program or series of programs AMERICA, WE LOVE You Is a third party the answer? Some say yes, Bind up your bleeding wounds. pointing to the rise of the young Republican that will grapple with the quasi-depres­ It is not your fault, but ours, Party from the ashes of the Whig Party in sion we now must live with. New York That blows have fallen to cause vou shame. 1856. But the circumstances then were City now has an unemployment rate, for There is no land better than you. unique. The nation was breaking apart. The example, of more than 10 percent, the Your idealism still holds hope for us. new party was the party of the Union, soon highest in the Nation next to Detroit. Your wounds will heal. the war party. Moreover, it absorbed much This is intolerable now. Think for a mo­ We, your people, will learn. of the Whig leadership, talent and following, ment what it means when we add the im­ Hold your head high, America. which gave it lasting strength. pending graduating class to the total. You are the land of the brave. Most U.S. third party adventures have Your scars will make your freedom bells been heady and romantic but disastrous; No one at all seems to be thinking in more mellow like the Charge of the Light Brigade, split­ terms of any organized effort to meet And to ring louder and clearer for all. ting the vote and either helping or leadtng this impending addition to the unem­ America, we, your people love you. to the victory of the opposition-as did the ployment problem. As people sink deeper 6762 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 14, 1975 into the frustration, deprivation, and acter. Their movement is now a world­ employees, including teachers and other hopelessness of a major depression, for wide one. Girls from more than 90 coun­ personnel of school systems. The problem tries now participate in Scouting. Their must be given serious consideration in any such is what I believe we confront, they new job-creating legislation. The legislation look to Washington and so far there worldwide total is over 6 million. now on the books was enacted to create new has been no initiative by the Govern­ We all know Girl Scouts for their jobs for the unemployed in the private sec­ ment. Such proposals as have emerged cookie sales, which, incident.l.lly, help lo­ tor. This was done at a time when little are half baked, inadequate in concept cal girls participate in national and in­ thought was given to the possibility that and scope, and have not so far been ternational Girl Scout events. This is not there would also be lay-offs, cutbacks, and urged to fruition with concerted effort all they do. Girl Scouting encourages unemployment among public employees. and real vigor. No sense of urgency girls to prepare themselves for careers in In light of the new realities, the law should be changed. There is obviously an seems to pervade our National Establish- many fields, such as medicine, aviation, injustice when a law requires local govern­ ment. , the sciences, architecture, and many ments to hire new employees with federal I realize that I am but one very junior other vocations. Leadership potential is funds at a time when they are laying o:tf Member of this House. I have no power developed to the fullest in the Girl regular employees. The Wall Street Journal, to command Congress or the Govern­ Scouts. The theme of Girl Scouting is for in a January 27 editorial, argued that this ment to initiate action. However, I do its members to develop a positive self­ practice was not only unjust but in no way feel that I must, in all conscience, call. image. This theme is as relevant now guaranteed essential public services. "The federal money," said the Journal, "has to attention to this situation in the hope as it was when it all started 63 years go for new jobs, not for preventing cutbacks that the leadership in the Congress and ago. in our city's public services. Consequently, the administration will join hands and on January 31, New York City is firing 260 work with a sense of urgency. policemen and 150 firemen and hiring 400 Supplementing depleted State unem­ other people as ward assistants and so forth ployment funds is fine. Talking about PUBLIC SERVICE JOBS in the Department of Mental Hygiene. The public service work is excellent. But laid-o:tf city personnel may be ellgible for the what we need is implementation of the federal program after a 15-day wait, but they HON. PETER A. PEYSER cannot be re-hired to fill the jobs they just latter. It should take the form of a mas­ left vacant.... City-dwellers have the right sive rebirth of the CCC camps and the OF NEW YORK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to expect basic services in return for their WPA. I am speaking now of at least city, state and federal tax money." some 5 million to 7 million individuals Friday, March 14, 1975 But, the editorial goes on to say, govern­ being affected by these programs. An­ ment concern that state and local govern­ Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, we are ments would use federal money to reduce other half a million people filed last week all acutely aware of the economic crisis for unemployment benefits for the first their own commitment "has led the Congress our country is facing today. Just yester­ to foster unemployment precisely among the time, and some cheered that because it day, the administration indicated that civil servants trained to provide such essen­ was lower than in previous months. I unemployment may rise to around 9 tials as police and fire protection and trash cannot share the optimism over that. percent. Some economists say that it may collection. As more and more cities and We have a major responsibility to act, go higher than that. states turn to hiring freezes and layoffs, it especially here in the Congress, seeing may well oome to pass that the temporary The solution to our economic problems benefits of the public service jobs program as the President's responses are at best must be multifaceted. However, one half measures. have been cancelled out by the new phe­ potent weapon that we have against the nomenon of civil ::ervice unemployment." growing unemployment problem is the We agree. The law must be changed so that public service jobs program. This can federal moneys can be used to prevent lay­ be an effective way to put people back to offs among public employees. TRIBUTE TO GIRL SCOUTS OF work, and to provide many needed serv­ Still another problem stems from the fact AMERICA that the law unwisely places a restrictive ices to our local communities. ceiling of $10,000 on the salaries of persons I am enclosing for my colleagues an hired under the program. While it is true HON. LESTER L. WOLFF analysis of the public service job pro­ that states and local governments can boost OF NEW YORK gram made by Albert Shanker, president these salaries with their own funds, it is un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the American Federation of Teachers. likely that they will do so, given the finan­ This article should be n:.ad by anyone cial straits in which they currently find Friday, March 14, 1975 who is concerned about the program. themselves. The $10,000 restriction means Of particular interest to those con­ that teachers, policemen, firemen, sanitation Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, I would workers and many others cannot be em­ like to ask all my colleagues to join with cerned with the plight of our public ployed under the program because their sal­ me and pay tribute to the largest volun­ schools is Mr. Shanker's analysis of the ary schedules run higher. How justify a teer organization for girls--the Girl need to make local education agencies $10,000 ceiling when the original 1971 law Scouts of America. On March 12 this eligible for prime sponsorship. had a $12,000 ceiling? In 1971, the average group will celebrate the 63d anniversary The text of the article follows: teacher salary was $9,600; today it ts $11,500. of its founding. After more than five years of White House The new law should take into account the The Girl Scouts were founded in 1912 assurances that better days were just around inflation since 1971 and set the ceiling higher the corner, the current occupant of the House than the $12,000 allowed in 1971. The Con­ by a woman with great insight, Juliette gress might profit from a glance at the Bu­ Gordon Law, of Savannah, Ga. The has come around to acknowledging that our economy is indeed in trouble, that our big reau of Labor Statistics estimate for a "mod­ group began with a total of 18 girls problem is unemployment, and that federal est but adequate" budget for an urban fam­ and today has grown in number to a measures to alleviate the unemployment ily of 4: about $14,500. Unless the $10,000 group over 9 million strong. In these 63 problem are the first order of the day. ceiling is raised, the unemployment problem years, over 27 million girls and 7 million Most of the economic proposals under con­ will not be mitigated. State and local gov­ sideration by the Congress and the Presi­ ernments will be forced to continue hiriny, adults have belonged to Girl Scouting. one group of employees while laying off an­ The Girl Scouts of today are a partner­ dent--tax reductions, business incentives, release of impounded construction funds-­ other group. ship between girls and volunteer adults Another needed change in the legislation from all segments of the population. are aimed at reducing unemployment. There is general agreement, in particular, on the is one that would make local education agen­ Girl Scouts have grown to be part of need to provide public service employment cies-Boards of Education-eligible for prime our American heritage. For our Bicen­ on a large scale. But the $2 billion proposed sponsorship under the jobs program. At pres­ ent these job programs are sponsored by tennial, the Girl Scouts have launched a last week by President Ford for public service state and local governments, not by local 3-year Bicentennial project to discover jobs is entirely inadequate. It would not in­ and honor America's women, past and creaee the number of such jobs now available; education agencies. As a result, school sys­ it would merely keep alive the 300,000 jobs tems have been denied their fair share of present, who have contributed to their funds under the public job programs. Con­ communities and country. With 1975 be­ already created. The AFL-CIO has called for the creation of a million new public service sider Los Angeles, for example. Its city gov­ ing Intemational Women's Year, it is jobs-at a cost closer to $10 billion than to ernment employs 48,720 full- and part-time even more appropriate for the Girl the 2 billion the President has proposed. employees. Scouts to honor these deserving women. Closely related to the question of how Its school system employs 77,759 full- and With their growth, the Girl Scouts many public service jobs should be provided part-time employees, of whom 25,000 are have become very cosmopolitan in char- is the problem of lay-offs of regular public teachers (the others are custodial personnel, iliarch 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6763 carpenters, electricians, laborers, school ad­ with increased determination their drive ARE DOCTORS TO BLAME? ministrators, etc.) The City of Los Angeles toward freedom and national independ­ received $42,000,000 in public job money ence. while the school system received only $7,000,- 000. Thus, the schools, which have 61.5% of With the outbreak of World War I, the HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK the public employees in Los Angeles, received mighty German armies lost little time in OF OHIO only 16.5% of the job funds. The same was overrunning Lithuania. The Germans oc­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES true in other California cities. In Long Beach cupied Lithuania until the war came to the schools employ 52.5 % of the public em­ its end in 1918. Lithuania's official proc­ Friday, March 14, 1975 ployees but received only 1.4% of the job lamation of independence was issued on Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the funds. In San Diego the schools employ 60 % February 16, 1918, and unanimously medical profession has recently come of the public employees but received only adopted by the Lithuanian Council. How­ 21.9 % of the funds. In Oakland, 61.3 % of the under heavy attack. Much of the crit­ employees, 29.8 % of the funds. ever, soon after the German troops were icism, however, is unjustified. Despite In other states, the figures are similarly evacuated from Lithuanian soil, Russian what some critics may say, the doctor is disproportionate. Memphis: 41% of the city troops once again threatened menaeingly not always the villian he is made out to employees, 1.6% of the job funds; Milwau­ at her borders. With lightening-like pre­ be. kee; 40% of the employees, 14.7% of the cision, the Red armies subdued Vilna, the One area that I would like to bring to funds; Buffalo: 51% of the employees, 1.3 % capital city of Lithuania. As in the past, the attention of my colleagues is treat­ of the funds; Minneapolis: 50 % of the em­ Lithuanian patriots organized to expel ment under the Government's medicare ployees, 13.2 % of the funds; Chicago: 47% the invaders, and after a series of im­ of the employees, 10.6% of the funds; Dade program. Medicare regulations can place (Miami): 43 % of the employees, 17.6% of the pressive military victories, freedom was the doctor in a difficult position. funds. In Houston, Texas, where school em­ regained. By peace treaty in 1919, the The doctor wants to give the best ployees comprise 49 % of the city employees, Soviet Government recognized the sover­ treatment to the patient. Yet medicare not a dollar was given the school system un­ eign rights of Lithuania over the terri­ rules and regulations put constant pres­ der the job program. tory and people. sure on the doctor to discharge a patient These figures tell quite a story. Although Lithuania was admitted to the League as soon as possible. When a patient is many city school systems a..re larger employ­ of Nations on September 22, 1921, thus given an early discharge, however, it is ers than their city governments, their share being formally recognized as a nation of the funds has been extremely low. There the doctor and the hospital that are can be no justification !or this. Public schools with international status. Few countries blamed. It is the medical profession that are suffering badly from lay-offs and unem­ made greater progress as a free and in­ receives a bad name. ployment; the job funds should aid them as dependent nation in so short a time as Ed DeGraw has discussed this problem well as other public agencies. did Lithuania during the years separat­ in "Everybody's Column." Following is In the weeks to come we will need large ing World War I and World War II. The the text of his column which appeared scale public support for expansion of the job Lithuanian Government instituted land in the Dover-New Philadelphia, Ohio, program. Putting one million people back to reforms, reestablished vital industries, Times-Reporter on October 9, 1974: work won't by itself end the depression, but organized transportation facilities, en­ it will take us part of the way. But unless EVERYBODY' S COLUMN acted social legislation, and greatly ex­ (By Ed DeGraw) changes are made in the law, we will merely panded its educational institutions. be shifting the burden from one group of Big Brother, the all powerful government unemployed to another. This must not On August 3, 1940, a "day of infamy" of George Orwell's "1984," is doing little for happen. for the Lithuanian people, Lithuania was the already much criticized medical profes­ declared under Russian coercion to be a sion. constituent Communist Republic of the During my recent stay in Union Hospital, a LITHUANIA'S DECLARATION OF IN­ Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. senior citizen occupied the bed next to mine. DEPENDENCE: 57TH ANNIVERSARY Lithuania gallantly resisted the over­ The man underwent surgery from which he whelming hordes of Russian and Nazi recovered, but he also was suffering from emphysema, currently defined as an incur­ invaders. During the first Soviet occu­ able lung disease. HON. FLOYD V. HICKS pation, Lithuania suffered the loss of While recovering from surgery, he was tak­ OF WASHINGTON about 45,000 of its people in fierce re­ ing daily treatments with an oxygen machine IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sistance to its Soviet captors. Some 30,- which comforted him greatly. 000 Lithuanians were deported to Siberia He and I had the same surgeon and one Thursday, March 13, 1975 on the night of June 14, 1941, and 5,000 day the doctor walked in, sat down by the Mr. HICKS. Mr. Speaker, February 16, Lithuanian political prisoners were exe­ man's bPd and made what I knew was a dis· 1975, marked the 57th anniversary of cuted when the Soviet forces hastily re­ tasteful pronouncement. "I am sorry, Mr. Jones, but I am going to Lithuania's Declaration of Independence. treated under Nazi attack. Repeating the have to send you home,'' he said. "I have I ask that my colleagues in the House history of the First World War, German already received three written communica­ pause with me in paying tribute to a occupation again replaced Russian occu­ tions and three telephone calls from the nation whose courage in the face of great pation. Medicare people asking why you have been adversity continues to be an inspiration During the tyranny of the Nazi occu­ in the hospital so long. Really, your surgery to freedom-loving people throughout the pation, thousands of loyal Lithuanians has come along fine and I have no more world. It is important to reflect not only were executed, including virtually all excuse to keep you." upon the cruel yoke of oppression worn Of course the man wanted to go home. Lithuania's Jewish population. When the What patient doesn't who has had an ex­ by captive people everywhere, but also tide of war turned against Adolf Hitler, tended hospital stay? upon the priceless liberties enjoyed here the beleaguered Lithuanian people re­ Mr. Jones (not his correct name) won­ in the United States. turned not to their former independence dered how he would fare at home without From its founding in the 12th century, but once again tragically to Soviet tyran­ the daily oxygen machine treatments and Lithuania has struggled for the basic ny and domination. It is a tribute to their other care. freedoms that we Americans all too fre­ courage and indomitable spirit that Com­ Mr. Jones may not have been able to be cured, but his breathing condition was im­ quently take for granted. For over 600 munist victory in Lithuania came proved and he was more comfortable in the years her people repeatedly were com­ neither easily or readily. hospital. pelled to fight in defense of their na­ In the year 1975, at a time when Com­ The emphysema developed after a life­ tional sovereignty. Finally, in 1795, Lith­ munist oppression still hangs over a time in the coal mines. uania fell captive to invading armies proud nation, it is fitting that all Ameri­ After talking with and comforting Mr. cans join the many Americans of Lithu­ Jones as much as he could, the surgeon ap­ from czarist Russia. anian extraction in commemorating the proached my bed. During the 123 years of Russian domi­ anniversary of a nation and a people who "I hated to do that," he said. "I delayed nation, the Lithuanian people revolted in the agony of oppression truly know it all I could, apparently. There is no doubt against their oppressors on five separate Mr. Jones would benefit here from more the value and meaning of the word "free­ oxygen treatments, but the government will occasions. Although each unsuccessful dom." Let us join with free people around not pay anymore for his stay. The bureau­ attempt brought in return only brutal the world in the hope that Lithuania crats say Mr. Jones 1s incurable. He is a statis­ reprisals, the Lithuanian people pursued soon will be truly free. tic, not an individual. 6764 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 14, 1975 "Big Brother gives the American people UNEMPLOYMENT to increase productivity or business all this propaganda about Medicare and how recovery. concerned he is about the common man. Big Brother says to the aged and their families The liberals in the House should keep to bring their sick to hospitals and payment HON. ROBERT W. DANIEL, JR. their campaign promises and address will be made for treatment. Then after ad­ OF VffiGINIA the underlying causes of unemployment and recession rather than treating the mission, constant pressure is put on the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES doctor and the hospital to have them dis­ economic symptoms with "job bills" such charged as soon as possible. Friday, March 14, 1975 as H.R. 4481 which in reality only ag­ "Who is the villain? Certainly not Big gravates the disease. Brother! Who will Mr. Jones and his family Mr. ROBERT W. DANIEL, JR. Mr. blame for his early discharge? They will Speaker, this week the House passed blame me and the hospital. And the medical H.R. 4481, a bill providing nearly $6 bil­ profession receives another black eye." lion of new spending beyond already Mrs. Dorothy Spring, in charge of medi­ budgeted levels for the creation of pub­ NUCLEAR STAKES IN cal services at Union Hospital, agrees that lic service jobs and the acceleration of SOUTIIEAST ASIA many times the local physician is placed job-related public works projects. "right in the middle" of Medicare cases, but along with Big Brother, she blames a lack I understand and sympathize with the HON. BILL CHAPPELL, JR. of understanding on the part of the American motives behind this legislation. Unem­ OF FLORIDA ployment officially stands at 8.2 percent public as to just what type of a program IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Medicare includes. of the work force-some 7,500,000 Amer­ She is perfectly willing to acknowledge ican workers are out of jobs. In the Friday, March 14, 1975 that part of the reason for the misunder­ Fourth Congressional District of Virginia Mr. CHAPPELL. Mr. Speaker, this body standing could be lack of proper commu­ some 1, 700 General Electric employees nication from Big Brother. will soon be considering the question of Medicare will pay only for patients who are out of work, out of a total work force whether we should grant the President's must be under "acute medical supervision." of 5,000. request for additional aid to Cambodia In other words, a hospital cannot be a rest Unfortunately, this legislation will not and Vietnam. home for the elderly. But Medicare will pay buy any significant relief for the unem­ The issues involved are far larger than for a period of skilled nursing facility (for­ ployed. It is far more likely to stand as the immediate question of $522 million in merly called extended care) and services yet another example of unkept promises aid for South Vietnam and Cambodia. which can be provided for a certain time by made by the Federal Government and The American people, I believe, when ap­ local public health facilities. paid for by the taxpayers. Mrs. Spring, as well as local physicians, prised of the true facts, will support are sometimes placed "right in the middle." Too much of the funding in this bill material assistance for these allies in She cites the case of a 75-year-old mother does not reach the main target--the full­ Southeast Asia. The critical fact remains, and her 50-year-old son, who is a family pro­ time adult worker. Over a million sum­ either we are going to keep an effective vider and must make arrangements for care mer and part-time jobs will be created input into how this Earth is organized or of his mother upon discharge. for college students and other youth, but the Communists are going to organize it "Please, could you keep her in the hospital only 200,000 full-time adult jobs will be for all of us. Every time the Communists for a few more days until I can make the funded. occupy an area and gain control of a necessary arrangements?" is his sincere and Too little of the funding is targeted logical request. nation it means one less opportunity for Union hospital's case review board, estab­ on the employment sectors and geo­ us to influence the certainty of our free­ lished under the rules and regulations of graphical areas with the highest unem­ dom. Our actions now will determine Medicare, reviews the case and says "no" be­ ployment. whether our children will be free men cause that is what the book of rules says. Too many of the jobs-repairing fish or whether they will fall to the ravages Immediately the local physicians and hospi­ hatcheries, cleaning up National ceme­ of communism. This material assist­ tal become the unfeeling villain. teries, and wild horse management--will ance-not troops or bases-a!Iects not "But we know that Medicare will not pay be for simple custodial care under any circum­ of no significant benefit to the worker only South Vietnam and Cambodia but stances," Mrs. Spring said. 'If we sent medical or to the national welfare. more importantly it is critically vital to records and a special request to Baltimore Too much tim~as long as a year­ all of Southeast Asia. Thailand, Indo­ (Medicare's omce under the Department of may be required to get the funds in­ nesia, Malaysia are among those con­ Health, Education and Welfare) it might be volved translated into actual job open­ cerned to know whether the United six months before we received an answer. ings. Congress has already appropriated States will keep its word to South Viet­ The answer would be no and no matter what $2.5 billion for public employment jobs nam-whether the United States is the answer, we could not charge for the use going to allow South Vietnam and Cam­ of the hospital. in fiscal 1975 and many of these jobs "In the case of your Mr. Jones (all Medi­ are still not filled. The bill's public works bodia to fall and thus pennit communism care records eventually end up in Baltimore) projects will take months to gear up. to threaten their own freedom. Medicare and the local review board were As a measure for immediate job cre­ Mr. Speaker, I would strongly urge my forced to rule that additional treatment ation and employment, this bill offers colleagues to review carefully Mr. Walt could be just as well given at another facility very little. W. Rostow's article printed in the Wash­ outside the hospital and thus we were forced ington Star News on February 16, 1975 to discharge him." Finally, this costly legislation does nothing to deal with the underlying eco­ which raises some thought provoking Mrs. Spring refused to comment on the questions. "fairness" of all of Medicare's regulations, nomic causes of unemployment, and it but repeated that many times the physicians may well prove to accelerate them. I can only hope the Congress and the are placed in the middle. American people will recognize that a To pay for these expensive programs, free South Vietnam is of vital impor­ "I think it is only fair to say that some the Government has had to borrow funds mistakes have been made and will be made," tance to our own national interest. Al­ in competition with private industry, lowing a Communist nation to overrun a she said. "When Medicare first started in the which badly needs the capital for ex­ state of Florida, all physicians were allowed free people will only hasten the time to provide vitamin B-12 as an appetite aid pansion and job creation. Right now the when we have to expend our lives and to senior citizens at no cost. Government at all levels is soaking up our wealth in a desperate effort to re­ "Soon it was discovered that everyone in 80% of all the lendable funds in the cover what we in the free world have lost. the state of Florida over 65 was being given country-which of course pushes interest I hope we will stand tall and strong vitamin B-12. Medicare then came out with rates up and makes money hard to get to do the hard "right" as opposed to the a ruling that no senior citizen in the state of for consumer loans, home mortgages easy "wrong." Florida could be given vitamin B-12 free of and business expansion. The article follows: charge. I am sure some senior citizens could The most effective long-tenn solution have benefitted from this vitamin, but the NUCLEAR STAKES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA system was abused." to our economic and unemployment (By Walt W. Rostow) Because of possible abuse, hard and fast problem is to encourage a substantial From all accounts, a majority in the Con­ rules have been set by Big Brother, who also infusion of capital into the expansion of gress appears seized of the idea that we removed the word "compassion" from his industry. Keeping workers dependent on should limit our milltary assistance to Cam­ vocabulary. tax-supported public jobs does nothing bodia and South Vietnam in the face of the March 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6765 military offensives they confront, despite the independence of Burma (and Malaysia, too) wealth or dreams of renown. Instead, judgment of the executive branch that this as a direct vital interest. Thus, a congres­ may well lead to Communist victory in the sional cut-off of military aid could set in they are faced with the purpose of teach­ area. motion a confrontation between India and ing our children the knowledge they will Those supporting this limitation are in China, as well as a Chinese-Russian con­ need when they are ready to assume their the position of arguing that it would be bet­ frontation. Both confrontations now carry responsibilities as the next generation ter for the people of Southeast Asia to have the potentiality of nuclear war. of leaders. peace than war, even if peace brings Clom­ Finally, the resources of Southeast Asia, The goal of an educator is not simply munist control. They also say that the Amer­ until recently a factor of negligible interest, ican people have had enough of Southeast have increased in importance to Japan and to get students to memorize facts and Asia, and a majority of our citizens supports Western Europe as well as to the United figures. Knowledge and wisdom go far a cut-off of aid to the area. States; that is, the oil of Indonesia and the beyond that. It is necessary that our It is understandable after all that has potential deposits of the South China Sea. educators do so in order to prepare to­ transpired ove1 the last 30 years that the In a world enmeshed in a long-term energy day's youth for the challenges ahead. Not American political process should generate crisis, the sea routes which Indochina domi­ only must they be able to live within a moods like these; but, as George Kennan nates assume increased importance. society, today's youth must have the de­ wrote in another context: "History does not This is not the first time in our history forgive us our national mistakes because they that the Congress has exercised intimate sire, incentive, and ability to make this are explicable in terms of our domestic pol­ control over foreign policy. The first time world a better place in which to live. itics." What if the destruction of independ­ it happened, in the 1 780s, it yielded such Mr. Speaker, this is why those of us ent non-Communist states in Southeast Asia dangers to the republic that the nation re­ in government, as well as the public, owe should irreversibly lead not to "peace" but luctantly accepted the Constitution under so much to educational personnel. Those to greater instability and conflict in the which we have lived successfully for almost 25 persons who are retiring in my world than we already know? 190 years. The last time it happened, between Specifically, members of Congress ought to 1918 and 1940, the policy of the United States district personify the qualities that consider these four points before casting contributed substantially to the coming of have made our educational system so their votes. the Second World War. outstanding. Their true reward is not Whatever moral judgments or domestic The voices now dominant in the Congress, only in the future; their reward is the political imperatives may move individual echoing their isolationist predecessors, are future. members of Congress, the United States will once again seeking to impose their vision ~hen we think of schools, we usually appear to the rest of the world to have of how the world ought to be, as opposed to knifed in the back an embattled ally. And the way the world really is. Those who know think of teachers. Certainly, the instruc­ we will have done so after that ally had better are mainly silent; cowed by the media, tors in our classrooms perform a vital successfully held his own over the more than tired from a long enervating struggle, un­ function. They deserve our highest praise five year'3 since American troop withdrawals willing to say what they believe after the and gratitude. began, accepting increased casualties, despite bruising battle of the past generation. But However, we often forget the adminis­ an American-negotiated truce settlement history is without pity--even for the United that has not been honored by Hanoi and on States. To quote Kennan again: "A nation trators who keep the schools running. We whose enforcement Washington has not in­ which excuses its own failures by the sacred forget the custodial and maintenance sisted once our prisoners were home. untouchableness of its own habits can ex­ staffs who see to the upkeep and develop­ A part of that settlement was the under­ cuse itself into complete disaster." ment of the buildings and facilities. The standing that we would supply the South And this time the disaster could be nu· secretaries and assistants who work in Vietnamese with arms to match those clear war. almost all aspects of education rarely re­ mounted against them. There is no North ceive mention. Yet their jobs are also im­ Vietnamese weapon that does not come from portant to education. They too along its allies in Moscow and Peking. It is inevi­ table that an American cut-off of military TORRANCE SCHOOL DISTRICT with the instructors, deserve ou~ grati­ supplies to Southeast Asia shakes our alli­ RECOGNITION BANQUET tude and recognition. ances in every part of the world. Our allies I would like to offer a word of thanks may differ in the weight they attach to to these men and women, who have given events in Southeast Asia; but they are all HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON so much of themselves to set our children vitally affected by the record of American on the paths they must take in the fu­ reliability in honoring its treaty commit­ OF CALIFORNIA ture. ments .and other promises. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES A loss of confidence in American reliability Those retiring are: Mrs. Clarine G. could lead to further nuclear proliferation. Friday, March 14, 1975 Hamilton, Mrs. Pearl D. Hebert, Mrs. I'~ good many countries have moved close to Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. Kathryn N. Widney, Dr. Harold S. Wid­ the threshhold of nuclear weapons pro­ Speaker, our educational system repre­ ney, Mrs. Rose Franklin, Mrs. June K. duction. One barrier that has thus far pre­ vented their taking this fateful step is the sents one of the most important factors Allen, Mr. Patrick K. McManus, Mr. greater advantage of explicit or implicit se­ in America today. No other segment of Joseph M. Stuart, Mr. Clyde A. Perdiew, curity ties with the United States than the our society has such a direct bearing on Mrs. Ada Belle D. Myers, Mr. Howard c. development of independent nuclear capabil­ our hopes for the future, since it deals Shoen, and Mrs. Lorene D. Shoup. ities can provide. An American foreign pol­ with the preparation of our youth to Also retiring are: Mr. Virgil U. Bau­ icy dominated by moods of a Congress pre­ face the challenges the future represents. guess, Mr. Ray R. Arnett, Mr. Edmund F. pared to alter unilaterally treaty relations as well as agreements made by the executive The men and women who serve in our Curtis, Mrs. Bernice J. Lee, Mr. Salvatore branch, is not likely to commend itself as educational institutions are more than F. Grasso, Mr. Cecil H. Butts, Mr. Erwin the foundation for national security to a mere employees. Administrators, secre­ B. Jarrett, Mr. Edward W. Ford, Mrs. number of important nations in a world they taries, teachers, custodians-these people Beulah Latham, Mr. Merlin M. Trepp, perceive as still potentially dangerous. By are the very heart of the schools they Mr. Courtney R. Munsey, Mr. Charles A. several routes, nuclear proliferation increases serve. Without them, there would be no Newville, and Mr. Leonard L. Powell. the chances of nuclear war. education for the leaders of tomorrow. In Southeast Asia itself, the action of Con­ Mr. Speaker, the influence of these men gress may well lead to a larger war rather On April 10, 1975, the Torrance Uni­ and women will never stop; it will con­ than to peace. That action will signal to fied School District of California will tinue to be felt in future generations. other powers a definitive American abandon­ hold a banquet in honor of 25 outstand­ The philosophical tenets of the Tor­ ment of interest in Southeast Asia and set ing employees who are retiring after off a scramble for power to fill the vacuum. many years of dedicated service. rance Unified School District state that­ The situation in the region differs in a Education is a dynamic, evolving relation­ number of ways from that in 1965. Thailand Buildings, classrooms, books-these ship with subject matter the means, man the and Indonesia, for example, are stronger are not the important aspects of a school product, and society the result. now, and perhaps some of the other states system. It is the men and women who as well. On the other hand, the long line of use them, along with the student, who Because of the dedication of these in­ the Mekong still renders Thailand vulner­ turn our educational institutions into dividuals to that philosophy, we can look able to a Communist conquest of Indochina; living, vibrant centers of human experi- to the future with great optimism and and the fate of Burma runs with that of hope. Thailand, as both parties have long recog­ ence. nized. Since independence, the Indian for­ Those who work in our schools are not For this our entire community, and the eign policy has systematically regarded the drawn to them by visions of personal Nation, is eternally grateful. 6766 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Mar ch 14, 1975 A TAXPAYER'S PLEA another, transfer the funds to people with One color-coded supermarket man declared reported incomes below a figure of about that "it is about time we stopped passing $15,000. along the savL."l.gs in distribution costs to the I don't know what the outcome will be of customer. I think we ought to keep some of HON. JOHN BUCHANAN continued tax policies which aim increas­ it for ourselves." OF ALABAMA ingly at the redistribution of income from "The group seemed-in general agreement with this thought," notes of the meeting IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES those who earn above average to those who earn lesser amounts. At times I am tempted said. Friday, March 14, 1975 to say "to hell with it", plan early retirement Last summer, those words and others ut­ Mr. BUCHANAN. Mr. Speaker, re­ at some reduced income level, and join the tered at the meat clinics came back to haunt millions of others who get government aid the supermarket industry as a federal court cently I received a letter from one of my or welfare in one form or another-to with­ jury in San Francisco handed six cattlemen constituents who is a part of that usually draw from the income group that is being a stunning $32.7-rnillion verdict against the silent majority of taxpayers who provide taken and join the ones who are being kept. Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. (A&P) in the funds we so generously expend at the But I won't do that. My wife and I are not a lawsuit charging that major retail grocery Federal as well as other levels of govern­ made that way. Undoubtedly we will con­ chains had conspired to fix the price of beef. ment. People like this good man com­ tinue to work our tails off to do the best During the trial, the chief meat buyer for prise a 13Ubstantial part of the strength we can. A&P had denied he ever met with his com­ and hope of this Republic. I am deeply But the present tax procedures, and espe­ petitors. But then the jury of four women cially many of the ones that are being con­ and two men was shown a photograph of proud to represent such citizens as the templated, are grossly unfair. I feel that my him meeting with other supermarket officials Duryeas, and commend his thoughtful wife and l-and many others like us-are at an NAFC clinic. The impact on the jurors comments to my colleagues. The text of being discriminatorlly penalized with unfair was powerful. his letter follows: taxation policies, policies that make us pay Their verdict was upheld 10 days ago by BmMINGHAM, ALA ., January 29, 1975. far more than our share. Because we have Chief U.S. District Judge Oliver Carter, who Hon. JOHN H. BUCHANAN, worked harder than most and have spent denied A&P's plea for a new trial. Judge U .S. House of Representatives, more years in preparing ourselves than most, Carter ruled the jury had received "sufficient Washington, D .C. we are required to pay far more taxes than evidence" to support its finding that A&P had plotted with other supermarkets to set DEAR CONGRESSMAN BUCHANAN: This iS a most. That doesn't seem right. I have no hope of this situation getting the prices they pay for beef at a low level protest-admittedly one in my personal self and the prices they charge customers in their interest. I don't claim to be representing any­ better, but we do urge you to help keep it from getting worse. retail stores at a high level. The jurors were body in this letter other than my wife and justified in believing that, at the "various myself; however, I feel that many others Sincerely, LADD DURYEA. secret meetings," supermarket executives and share my views. I am writing to you because meat buyers "met, not only to discuss prices you are one of the few people who can per­ of meat, but to forge agreement concern­ haps help. ing fixing of those prices," said the judge. What I wish to protest, in brief, is the A&P has termed the verdict "monstrous" increasing tendency in this country for the THE MEAT PRICE EXPLOSION AND and plans an appeal to t he U.S. Circuit Court government to put the financial screws more CHAIN STORES of Appeals. The decision has sent tremors and more on those of us with "above aver­ through the multi-billion-dollar supermarket age" incomes, the tendency to sock it to industry as cattlemen in other states have the minority of us who earn over $25,000 HUN. GLENN ENGLISH moved quickly to file similar suits. While the per year, the tendency to view our above San Francisco case covers a period which average incomes as undeserved, unneeded, OF OKLAHOMA began almost a decade ago, some cat tlemen and unreasonable, and, therefore, as fair game IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES contend the alleged practices have con­ for all types of taxation. Friday, March 14, 1975 tinued. How do I happen to be in a position of Backed by some farm-st ate congressmen, receiving a somewhat above average income? Mr. ENGLISH. Mr. Speaker, the cattle the cattle raisers say large supermarket Like many others, by spending many years industry has been one of the hardest hit chains wield undue influence on wholesale in preparation and hard work. Like many and retail prices of meat. Rep. Neal Smith others, I worked my way through six years of segments of our economy during the last few years. While our cattlemen are con­ (D-Iowa) charges the chain grocers have college, barely surviving economically through replaced meat packers as the largest single those years but happy to do so because I tinuing to take severe losses on their force in the nation's food industry, saying felt sure that there would later be a re­ sales, the price of beef at the market­ they exert "tremendous leverage" over meat turn on my investment of time, money, and place has continued to rise sharply. prices and can, in effect, dict ate prices meat hard work. The following article published in the packers pay the catt leman for his live After college, I found that for several years Washington Post Sunday, March 9 sheds animals. I was earning no more than many blue collar Smith is pushing legislation to limit employees, who had gone to work right out some much needed light on beef price­ fixing practiced by some of the largest the chains' involvement in production of of high school. Still, I felt I had more future, meat, and some veteran industry regulators more chance for advancement than they be­ food chain stores in the United States. at the U.S. Agriculture Department agree cause of my preparation. So I continued to The shocking statistics provided in this privately that tough new laws are needed. work the 60-70 hour weeks, continued to article I am sure will be of great interest The farmers complain that low prices they pull up roots and move about the country to this distinguished body-especially are paid for cattle are not adequately re­ (at considerable expense) as the needs of my those from urban areas. flected at the stores' meat counters. This jobs and opportunity dictated. Now, in my I ask unanimous consent that this ar­ has become one of the most curious aspects mid-40's, I finally have reached the point of the high food-price situation of recent where my income is above average-but my ticle be printed in the RECORD. THE MEAT PRICE EXPLOSION AND CHAIN STORES months. How can it be that U.S. cattlemen financial resources are limited. After helping have lost $100 to $200 on each animal sent to finance three children through various (By James Risser and George Anthan) off to the slaughterhouse, and yet consumers schools and w1 th one more child yet to go, In the mid-1960s, officials of the nation's have had to pay higher prices for their steaks my wife and I see a need in our remaining largest supermarkets gathered quietly at con- and hamburger? work years to invest and save substantial fidential "meat clinics" sponsored by their Agriculture Department economists and amounts for retirement--to build up there­ trade organization, the National Association statistical experts agree that if there is an sources we couldn't build in the past because of Food Chains (NAFC). economic villain, it's someone called the we were too busy preparing for the future. Each participant was guaranteed anony­ "midd.leman"-the meat packer, the proces­ So we both work, and together we receive mity. Neither his name nor his company affil­ sor, the packager, the shipper, the retail pre-tax earnings in the mid-30's. iation appeared on any list. Officially, he was grocer. All have been getting an increas- . We will never get rich on our mid-30's known to his colleagues only by a color­ ingly large piece of the action as beef makes income, but we could get by very well and coded badge on his lapel. If he spoke out its way from an Iowa farm or a Texas feed­ could put aside enough to provide for retire­ during clinic sessions, he could be identified lot to the American dinner plate. ment years. But every time we turn around only as a member of, for instance, "the red­ Agriculture Department figures show that we find that our income is being tapped for striped badge group." in 1971 middlemen, including t he retail an extra tax. Presently much of the talk in The system was developed, one NAFC offi- supermarkets, added an average of 36.5 cents Congress about tax reform, tax rebates, tax cial explained later, "for the purpose of en­ to each pound of choice beef t hey handled. reductions, Social Security tax changes, etc., couraging people to speak out and not hold This increased to 52.7 cents a. poun d in 1974. centers around ways of helping the low in­ back" as the executives discussed complexi­ A special departmen t task force reported come citizens-at our expense. Most pro­ ties of buying and marketing meat at a profit. last August that meat price margins--costs posals I have heard would siphon off more And, somewhat to their chagrin today, par­ added by middlemen-"exploded" late in and more dollars from us and, in one way or ticipants did speak freely. 1973 and early 1n 1974 "whlle market prices March 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6767 for cattle and hogs dropped sharply and been forced to pay cattlemen low prices be­ sale prices in the meat industry. It bases its losses mounted for livestock feeders." Gen­ cause of "great pressure" from major food quotations on actual sales, but there have eral inflation, restrictive labor union prac­ chains he dealt with. been allegations in the press and before Con­ tices, government regulations and market Testimony showed that A&P followed a pol­ gress that the Yellow Sheet's figures some· distortions caused by earlier federal price icy of buying 20 million pounds of meat a times are manipulated. controls were factors in this "explosion" but week-90 per cent of its total requirements­ Also, during the California trial, the cattle­ not enough to "explain the surge," the task out of a single office in Chicago. Company of­ men contended that a Safeway decision to force stated. ficials acknowledged that such large buying sell its New York City stores, A&P's decision Meat marketers, the unit's report said, had power could not help but have a significant to leave the Los Angeles market and a Kroger significantly increased their profits, partly market impact, but they insisted "we do not decision to abandon Washington were tied to to recoup earlier losses. "It appears that the determine prices." efforts to lessen competition among the three recent increase in meat price spreads was But, in his closing argument to the jury, in the purchase of meat. caused partially by food retailers changing Alioto claimed: "It's more likely than not C. W. McManamy, an official of the Omaha, their pricing policies to increase profits in that they (the competing supermarket exec­ Neb., Livestock Foundation and a longtime their meat departments," it said. utives) got together, either by an under· observer of midwestern markets, sees evi­ A series of recent hearings by the Con­ standing or an agreement or an invitation dence large supermarket chains have been gressional Joint Economic Committee also to some and an acceptance by others, to con­ able to force some significant drops in prices dealt a blow to the supermarkets' public trol the market. They talked about prices. farmers receive for their cattle. image. First, the committee staff accused the The evidence is they talked about methods One clue to this, he said, is a uniform chain stores of issuing "intentionally mis­ and procedures ..." price decline on the same day at widely scat­ leading" financial figures in order to "cover Referring particularly to the photograph tered markets. "When I look at a radical de­ up" high profits. Then, several supermarket of A&P meat buyer Robert Carpenter meet­ pature from normal patterns," he said, "then chains refused to testify before the com­ ing with his competitors, Alioto commented: I have to look at market muscle as a possibil­ mittee unless forced to do so by subpoena. "First, several of them deny meeting each ity. I see six to eight major retail outlets. Cattlemen's suits patterned after the Cali­ other, and then we have to show that and Against this, I see 3,500 packing plants, and fornia case are on file in Nebraska and Texas, prove that in documents ... Next, they say, producers market through all these plants. and the filing of others is under consider­ 'Well, I didn't sit with him; I might have met When I look at this picture, I can't escape ation. A $1.4-billion anti-trust action filed him, but I didn't sit with him.' And then we the conviction that concentration in retail­ in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, by cattlemen there have to get a picture . . . And then they ing would provide substance for suspecting was dismissed recently, but strong efforts are say, 'Well, we didn't talk about prices or sup­ that prices can be dictated where the power being made to revive it. ply or anything like that,' and then it's all lies. Packers to a. large degree don't sell meat An examination of the voluminous record over these documents." to retailers anymore; the retailers order meat in the six-week A&P trial in San Francisco Arguing unsuccessfully that the jury ver­ from the packP.-rs." shows that cattlemen's attorney Joseph M. dict should be set aside, A&P contended that Testifying before the Joint Economic Com­ Alioto (an antitrust specialist and son of the NAFC sessions involved "wholly theoret­ mittee last December, Irvin Bray, one of the San Francisco Mayor Joseph L. Alioto) was ical and legitimate discussions about retail plaintiffs in the California suit, said he had able to produce little clear or startling proof marketing practices and consumer buying been unsuccessful in trying to sell cattle of an overt conspiracy. There was no docu­ habits, but were not an attempt to fix prices to packers early in the week because the ment actually showing high grocery chain or coordinate buying. packers have to wait until Wednesday to officials agreeing an price-fixing schemes. But "Accusations of retail price-fixing before a find out what Safeway, the dominant chain there was massive testimony and statistical jury of consumers in a period of high infla­ in his area, is willing to pay. evidence that, at a time when beef demand tion were obviously highly prejudicial," A&P Safeway's buyers wait until then so they was high, cattlemen were being paid low complained. can determine through the Yellow Sheet prices while supermarket profit margins were THE "YELLOW SHEET" what A&P has paid the previous day, he rising. And the jury apparently was con­ claimed. Bray said that in recent years In addition to the NAFC meat clinics, evi­ there has been very little relationship be­ vinced that the NAFC meat clinics were a dence of some con tact among competing food cover for supermarket efforts to get together tween the prices paid to cattlemen and the on pricing. stores came in testimony of A. D. Davis, an retail beef prices charged to consumers. official of Winn-Dixie stores. He said he had TWO CHAINS SETTLE Testifying later, Safeway denied the given his private telephone number to offi­ charge. Company lawyer Richard W. Odgers The case, filed in 1968, originally named cials of some other firms to save them from as defendants A&P, Safeway Stores, Inc., and said Safeway does not ut111ze centralized making more expensive person-to-person buying, but purchases its beef through com­ Kroger. The three firms had conspired to calls when they wanted to speak to him. pay low prices for the beef they bought and petitive "offer and acceptance" in which The calls often related to handling of "ex­ packers' offers are received and accepted to fix high prices for the beef they sold to cess supply" of beef, said Davis, who customers, the petition asserted. The large separately through more than 15 meat-buy- acknowledged that he may have told a com­ ing offices. · supermarket chains, the cattlemen alleged, petitior that Winn-Dixie was planning to had divided geographical territories among W. S. Mitchell, Safeway's president, was "feature" beef. grilled before the committee by Sens. Wil­ themselves to reduce competition. They also Supermarket officials said that the NAFC had eliminated competition among them­ liam Proxmire (D-Wis.) and Hubert Hum­ often issued notices to its members, telling phrey (D-Minn.) about the increasing con­ selves in purchasing meat products, and even them of the existence of excess meat sup­ among different stores of the same chain. centration of economic power in a few of plies, and asking them to conduct beef sales. the big chains. Proxmire said he has "serious Also, it was charged, they had exchanged in­ But A&P lawyers said such sales had the ef­ formation on prices, sales, margins and profit doubts about the competitiveness of the fect of removing excess supplies and actually industry" and Humphrey asserted that the through their trade associations. benefitted cattlemen. Safeway and Kroger eventually elected to supermarket chains "went out for a killing" The cattlemen who testified in San Fran­ after food price controls were removed. avoid a trial and settled out of court by pay­ cisco made it clear they don't feel that way. ing the cattlemen $90,000 for attorney's fees, But Mitchell told the committee that "all Courtenay C. Davis, who operates a 75,000- those stories about price-gouging profiteer­ though the two chains strongly denied the acre ranch at Horse Creek, Wyo., told the charges against them. A&P, however, decided ing, ripoffs, price-fixing and monopoly are court that many cattlemen have been losing just not so." He strenuously resisted sug­ to fight the case to the end. money since 1952. At about that time, he After a six-week trial, the jury returned its gestions that Safeway, with its 2,200 stores said, "a. powerful new force emerged in the and annual sales of some $6 blllion, is able verdict, finding that a price-fixing conspir­ form of the concentrated buying power of acy had cost the six cattlemen 20 cents a to drive out competition and keep its prices fewer and fewer big chain store buyers, op­ high. Net profits of most major chains have pound on all the beef they sold from 1964 erating without restraint in the carcass beef through 1967. As a result, they had lost a averaged around 1 per cent of total sales, market." Mitchell said. total of more than $10 m1111on and, under Supermarket officials testified that the four federal antitrust law, were entitled to triple largest chains together were accounting for "A DEVASTATING CASE" damages. less than 20 per cent of carcass meat sales in Later, the committee staff issued a report The plaintiffs produced witnesses to but­ the nation, but they acknowledged that calling such figures "irrelevant." Profit fig­ tress their claim that the big supermarket much of the other 80 per cent represented ures based on rate of return on sales have chains had agreed, perhaps only through an "fragmented" purchases by locally oriented been "purposefully" used to "cloud the issues informal "understanding," to pay packers grocery, hotel, restaurant and institutional and obscure the industry's true perform­ uniform, arbitrary, non-competitive and arti­ operations. ance," the report said. A more reliable meas­ ficially low prices for fresh meat and meat While noting that most of its 3,500 stores ure of supermarket profits, it contended, is products. get most of their meat through a. centralized "return on equity" (earnings compared to Cattlemen told the jury they sold cattle for buying office in Chicago, A&P strongly denied the value of the stock owned by the com­ less than it cost to raise them, and that they it sets prices it will pay to packers by rely­ panies' stockholders) because this shows how were able to stay in business only with bank ing on the so-called "Yellow Sheet." That much money the supermarkets are making loans and by raising crops. Also, a former publication, officially called The National in comparison to their total worth. For the independent packer testified that he had Provisioner. is a daily compilation of whole- supermarket chains, return on equity is 6768 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 14, 1975 "strikingly higher" than return on sales, the Science and Technology Committee has ber of applications programs suffering report said. carefully considered the testimony and delayed launch schedules. This deferral Safeway's rates of return on equity, for recommendations of many experts from was a part of the overall administration example, was 11.2 per cent in September, private industry and academia as well as program to reduce fiscal year 1975 spend­ 1973, and rose to 19.5 per cent in Septem­ ber, 1974, an increase of 74 per cent, the from the NASA organization. ing. report said. Winn-Dixie's rate of return rose The authorization requested for the In spite of the positive aspect of the from 13.1 per cent to 21.4 per cent. Kroger 12 months of fiscal year 1976 plus the fiscal year 1976 budget-the total budget Co. went from 6.1 per cent to 10.4, and A&P 3-month transition period to the new was increased approximately $300 mil­ from a loss of 2.2 per cent to a profit of 3.2 fiscal year is $4.498 billion. This cor­ lion abuve fiscal year 1975-$200 mil­ per cent. responds to an increase of only $10 mil­ lion of this increase will be channeled The figures, on the average, are "neither lion or 0.2 percent over the NASA re­ to ongoing program commitments pre­ spectacular nor poor," but they refute the retail food stores' claims that they are doing quest. Although compelling justification sented to the Congress last year which poorly, the committee report said. was provided for a number of major in­ means that the effective increase will be The NAFC oontinues to argue, neverthe­ creases within the budget request, the only $100 million or 3 percent. This in­ less, that supermarkets make so little profit committee was ever mindful of the mas­ crease is therefore much less than the that, if their earnings were entirely wiped sive budget deficits now being run by the current rate of inflation. Needless to say, out, the average family's food bill would Federal Government and felt constrained NASA has had to make many program drop by only eight cents a week. to hold the budget within the guideline adjustments in 'order to stay within the "Lowering food prices by reducing super­ proposed t.udget, because of the inflation market profits is like trying to pump water submitted by the administration. from a dry well," says NAFC president Clar­ What must be recognized however is rates we are now experiencing not the ence Adamy. As for meat specifically, the su­ the severity of the financial guidelines least of the adjustments which will be permarkets generally have been unable or within which NASA must operate. a reduction in civil service employment unwilling to provide figures, although A&P The fiscal year 1976 budget is the by 300 people between now and the be­ has acknowledged that its average markup fourth annual budget submitted by ginning of fiscal year 1976. on fresh meat nearly doubled between 1968 NASA since the adoption of the long­ Most assuredly there are positive notes. and 1973. Safeway says its gross profit on The space shuttle is proceeding on meat is lower than on other grocery products, range program known as the "constant and Jewell Companies, Inc., officials say the budget" approach. Back in fiscal year schedule without the need for further company lost $5 million on meat sales during 1971, the NASA budget stood at approxi­ disruptive slips as were necessitated un­ the first half of 1974. mately $3.4 billion having been cut nearly der fiscal year 1974 and fiscal year 1975 Proxmlre said in December that his com­ in half from the $6 billion peak in the budgets; the Landsat-C Earth resources mittee staff's field investigations showed that late 1960's. In recognition of the dire satellite is continuing on its schedule for where a small number of supermarket firms consequences of this cut plus the realiza­ a launch in the fall of fiscal year 1977; dominate the grocery business in a particular aircraft research programs aimed at re­ city, as in Washington, food prices tend to tion that subsequent new programs be higher and often are identical in the vari­ would require large budget increases in ducing fuel requirements of commercial ous competing stores in that city. A sampling future years, NASA recommended a re­ jet aircraft will continue as a principle of 4,000 items in Safeway and A&P stores in vised program plan under which total focus of aeronautics work; space shuttle Kansas City, Mo., turned up identical prices NASA expenditures would not exceed the mission payload planning will continue in on 3,000 items, he said. The Wisconsin sena­ level of $3.4 billion, as measured in 1973 the science, applications, and aeronau­ tor described the finding as "the kind of dollars, with the appropriate allowance tics areas; and finally, a number of conduct you'd expect out of a price-fixing made for inflation. NASA, commercial communications and conspiracy." other domestic, foreign, and interna­ Three weeks later, Proxmlre announced The constant budget concept was that A&P, Kroger, Winn-Dixie and Grand adopted so as to permit a more predict­ tional satellite programs will reach Union Co. had refused to appear before the able and stable pattern of growth albeit launch dates within the coming fiscal committee unless subpoenaed. within a less ambitious overall program. year-the key launch being the Apollo­ Proxmire said company records obtained The value of the concept was that it Soyuz test project coming in July, from the 17 largest chains had been analyzed permitted NASA to conduct its program NASA's only manned spaceflight before and "we believe that a devastating case has with some assurance of a future commit­ the first orbital flight of the shuttle in been made against the industry--especially 1979. that retail prices rose while farm prices fell ment at a fixed level. and that actual price competition, as such, Since fiscal year 1973, the Congress In the next few days, between now and did not exist in about 60 per cent of the has approved the NASA budget at a the formal consideration of the NASA items sold in the food chains." budget level substantially similar to that authorization bill on the floor, I will be Proxmire has since yielded the chairman­ submitted; however, the budget sub­ discussing the various aspects of the ship of the Joint Economic Committee to mitted was reduced below even the 3.4 NASA program in greater detail. I, for Humphrey and the future status of the in­ billion level, as measured in equivalent one, cannot overemphasize the short­ vestigation is in doubt, as is the question of dollars. The reduced submissions were sightedness in the continuing reduction public release of the reportedly revealing of our space activity. The NASA space company financial records. reflective of the governmentwide fiscal The Federal Trade Commlsison has an­ restraints imposed upon Federal spend­ program which has provided untold di­ nounced a probe of the food industry, but a ing. The point to emphasize is that the rect and indirect benefits, economic congressional source who has followed the fiscal year 1976 request corresponds to growth, jobs, and so many other positive FTC effort says it is "in bad shape, partly only $2.8 million in equivalent 1973 dol­ returns is being threatened as a viable because of lack of staff." The Senate Select lars. ongoing enterprise. Clearly, the space Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs program is an essential part of our total also has plans to investigate the food indus­ Thus, the NASA program had been reduced substantially from the level of Federal effort and must be permitted to try, including price fixing and other anti­ develop and expand to its fullest competitive activity, later this year. effort of past years-a .cutback which has adversely impacted every single pro­ potential. gram and every single person within the I, therefore, look forward to discussing the challenge and promise of the NASA THE UNITED STATES IN SPACE­ entire organization. As evidence of this, the fiscal year 1976 effort in order to provide my collegues AN OVERVIEW budget program incorporates no new with a clear understanding of the im­ program starts-this is in response to the portance of our space effort. My hope is HON. LOUIS FREY, JR. Presidential policy of no new programs to instill in them my appreciation for the OF FLORIDA with the exception of those pertaining to priority of our work in space in order to reverse this dangerous trend of cutback IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the energy field. The budget before the Congress is therefore directed to no more after cutback. Friday, March 14, 1975 than the continuing effort of previously Mr. Speaker, I look forward to pre­ Mr. FREY. Mr. Speaker, within the approved programs. senting the various aspects of NASA's next few days, my colleagues in the I would also emphasize that even work during the next few days. I hope House will be considering the NASA within the reduced fiscal year 1975 that the thoughtful study I provide will authorization bill for fiscal year 1976 budget, $72 million was deferred by the result in this year's NASA authorization and the subsequent 3-month transition President which resulted in a slowed being offered the enthusiastic congres­ period. In generating this legislation, the work pace and the possibility of anum- sional support the program fully merits. March 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6769 OIL DEPLETION ALLOWANCE have enough gasoline to run automobiles, and supplied by the Soviet Union and enough industrial fuel to power factories, Communist China. and enough commercial fertilizer to grow At the present time, the South Viet­ HON. JACK HIGHTOWER crops. We will have to continue to rely on namese do not have sufficient ammuni­ OF TEXAS fossil fuel for a long time to come. We tion, fuel, and other supplies with which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES need to rely on competitive private en- to defend themselves. They are not lack­ terprise to produce that fuel. ing in the will to :fight, and they have not Friday, March 14, 1975 For the most part these wildcatters are asked for American troops to assist them. Mr. HIGHTOWER. Mr. Speaker, the not men of great wealth. They depend on They only want us to fulfill our commit­ proposed repeal of the depletion allow­ outside investors to put up the capital ment. Many in the Congress, however, ance is the wrong solution at the wrong they need to finance drilling operations. want to turn their backs upon that com­ time. In November of 1973 the Arab oil This has become especially true as infta- mitment. They seem not to understand prodUcing nations abruptly declared an tion has caused exploration costs to sky- that what is at stake, in the long run, is oil embargo against the United States rocket in the past 3 years. Without the not only the future of Vietnam but, in and most consuming nations in Western depletion allowance, the independent is addition, the reliability of America's word Europe. We are still feeling the shock going to find it very difficult to attract in the world. waves. We were then importing about the capital he must have. At best the in- At the present time, 224 aircraft, 35 percent of the petroleum we consumed vestor shares the gamble. He can only roughly a third of Saigon's combat air domestically, and of that about one-half hope for a substantial return on his in- units, have been grounded for a lack of came from producing countries in the vestment if the venture should happen money. Only 15 of the C-130 cargo Middle East. That was the beginning of to be successful. Eliminating the deple- planes. described by Defense Department what was very quickly headlined as the tion allowance will just about eliminate officials as the country's "lifeline," are "Energy Crisis": long lines at filling sta­ the independent producer as well at the operating. A program to replace 71 F-5A tions, shortages of home heating oil, and very time that the country needs more, fighters with faster F-5Es has had to be complaints of a shortage of fertilizer. rather than fewer, people engaged in delayed indefinitely for lack of funds. The price of foreign oil increased four­ exploration. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson com- fold and prompted us to talk of a pro­ Finally, I would like to say that it is mitted hundreds of thousands of Ameri­ gram which we hoped would make us deplorable that so many people appear can soldiers to defend South Vietnam. independent in energy production. We suddenly to have developed a punitive at- Many in the Congress today seem pre­ talked about doing it in 10 years. Despite titude toward the oil business. There pared to make a mockery of that deter­ the fact that the Arab embargo has long seems to be a belief that if we punish the mination to stop aggression. The mem­ since ended, we are still experiencing oil producer by removing the depletion bers of the Democratic Caucus seem not severe economic dislocations. Apparently allowance our situation will somehow be to remember that it was their own party there is and will continue to be an energy made better. Nothing could be further which initially made the U.S. commit­ crisis in most of the industrialized world. from the truth. This is no time to be look- ment in Vietnam. While the Communists In the United States today, for example, ing for scapegoats. For over 30 years the persist, they now seem to be bored with we have the highest unemployment rate oil industry brought this Nation the low- that commitment. They should not for­ since the days of the depression. We are est petroleum prices of any nation in the get, however, that the world is watching experiencing double-digit inflation cou­ industrialized world. So long as the mar- very carefully what we do. pled with the severest general economic ket was relatively free the cost to the Discussing the need to fulfill our com­ recession since World War II. If we have American consumer was very low. Now, mitment to South Vietnam and Cam­ learned anything in the past year it unfortunately, prices are controlled by bodia, New York Times Columnist Wil­ ought to be how important it is to have a OPEC-by Arabs, Nigerians, and Venez- liam Sa:fire writes that-- ready supply of domestically produced uelans. Traditionally all producers in this The defenders of Phnom Penh ma.y offend some of us by having the temerity to die all energy at our disposal and how danger­ t ous it is to rely on those who would use coun ry have plowed back about 75 per- over our television screens, but we must not cent of their earnings into developing be the first generation of Americans to force both oil and oil prices against us. new sources of oil and gas to replace what the surrender of a beleaguered people in a It therefore should not be surprising was being consumed. If earnings are fog of bloodless phrases. that many of us view with great alarm anything that would remove production lower, then less will be expended in ex- A decision to provide aid to Cambodia, incentives from the domestic petroleum ploration. If we really want to achieve writes washington star Columnist industry. If we are to reduce our depend­ independence, then keeping the deple- Ernest Furgurson, "would demonstrate ence on outside sources of energy, it is tion allowance is the best way to achieve to the world that this country still does essential that Congress now do every­ it. If we do otherwise without substitut- not turn away from its allies just because thing in its power to provide all the ing some other form of incentives to at- they are surrounded and outnumbered." stimulation necessary to insure that tract capital, we are courting disaster. I wish to share with my colleagues the domestic exploration will expand. That column, "Euphemism for Surrender," by is why it is so distressing to hear so William Sa:fire which appeared in the many Members of this body advocate VIETNAM: A QUESTION OF March 13, 1975, issue of the New York eliminating the depletion allowance, the AMERICAN HONOR Times, and the column, "Weighing Debts one provision in the present law that of Honor," by Ernest B. Furgurson, which would accomplish what we need. It is HON PHILIP M CRANE appeared in the Washington Star of difficult to believe that they are fully • • March 12, 1975, and insert them into the cognizant of the tragic effect that this OF ILLINOIS RECORD at this time: will have on the domestic oil industry in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (From the New York Times, Mar. 13, 1975] the United States. Friday, March 14, 1975 EUPHEMISM FOR SURRENDER It is the independent producers-or Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, after the (By William Safire) wildcatters-who will be most drastically signing of the 1973 Paris Peace Agree­ WASHINGTON .-When South Vietnamese affected by the removal of the depletion ment, President Nixon assured the Gov­ troops moved in 1970 to destroy Vietcong allowance. We know that such independ­ supply bases in Cambodia, the necessary and ernment of South Vietnam that-- useful attack was called an "incursion." In­ ents are now drilling about 85 percent The Republic of Vietnam will find us a furiated doves in the United States insisted of the wells and are responsible for find­ steady friend ... We will provide replacement the foray against bases used by North Viet­ ing about 70 percent of the new oil that m111tary assistance ... We will also contribute namese in a neutral country should have is being discovered onshore in the United generously to South Vietnam's economic re­ been termed an "invasion." States today. Oil exploration is an ex­ habilitation. It turned out to be an incursion; the treii!ely risky business. For every produc­ Now, it appears that many in the Con­ South Vietnamese forces ended the use of ing well an independent discovers, at a much neutral Cambodian territory as a Com­ gress want to violate that commitment munist resupply and staging area, and re­ minimum he drills over 10 dry holes on and leave our South Vietnamese allies turned within a few months. "Incursion" which he realizes no return. It is these defenseless before the aggressive on­ was not a euphemism after all. independents that need encouragement slaught of North Vietnamese and Viet­ Now, however, we are being treated to a in the years ahead if this country is to cong forces which have been equipped tender phrase to hide a very harsh recom- OXXI--428--Part 6 6770 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 14, 1975 mendation. As l! by unwitting orchestra­ A sensible idea has been put forth to "index" assure that when Cambodia does go, it can­ tion, on a single day this week, the delicate aid-that is, to key continued American sup­ not be said that it went because the United wording appeared in three places: port to the level of support other outside States reneged on its commitment. The di­ A dispatch from Phnom Penh to a Wash­ powers provide local Communists. visive potentia.l of an argument over that ington newspaper quoted an unnamed Indexed aid to help people fight for their in domestic politics as well as abroad is too diplomat as saying: "It might not be fair, survival against Communist takeover is more depressing to explore today. but the only logical outcome now is a trans­ in our foreign policy tradition than adoption fer of power to the other side." of the old "better Red than dead" line. A story coming ~>Ut of a television inter­ The defenders of Phnom Penh may offend COUNCIL OF FOREIGN RELATIONS view with Hubert Humphrey quoted that some of us by having the temerity to die all RECRUITS MORE CONGRESSMEN potential candidate as demanding we cut over our television screens, but we must not off military assistance and "try to arrange for be the first generation of Amercians to force a transfer of power." the surrender of a beleaguered people in a HON. LARRY McDONALD And in an Op-Ed column of The New York fog of bloodless phrases. OF GEORGIA Times, a colleague of mine suggested that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the choice of pivotal figures in Congress is (From the Washington Star, Mar. 12, 1975] "to help in the orderly transfer of power." Friday, March 14, 1975 (All italics mine.) WEIGHING DEBTS OF HONOR To Americans, the orderly "transfer of (By Ernest B. Furgurson) Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. power" is that marvel that takes place in our The President is doing his duty. It is rea­ Speaker, in recent years a highly in­ democracy when a member of one party is sonable to expect Congress to do the same. fluential private organization, the Coun­ elected to succeed a member of the other If it does not, it will mean the nation has de­ cil on Foreign Relations, has adopted a party. A President-elect pays a courtesy call faulted on a serious commitment, and the policy of recruiting new members operat­ on the lame-duck President; the aides of long-range results Will not be a pleasure to ing in fields which are useful to its ends. both confer; and the process called "the Americans who dislike war. Many of these new initiates are Mem­ transfer of power" takes place. No less than five separate times in his last But that is not the process Senator Hum­ press conference, Ford said he did not think bers of Congress. phrey and the others are talking about. The it would be appropriate or wise for him to The Council on Foreign Relations is word that they are so laboriously straining comment on specific questions of legitimate the organization which has not only to avoid is "surrender." In plain words, they public interest. But when the subject was originated Dr. Kissinger's "New World want to force the Cambodian Government Cambodia, his response was more solid than Order," but which has effectively com­ (which they now call a "regime") to run up the questions. mitted the United States to its creation­ a white flag and throw itself on the mercy He restated a concept that has been funda­ this without consulting the Congress of of those Communists who are now deliber­ mental to United States foreign policy for the United States in any way. ately firing rockets into schoolyards. most of our history, and he did it as well as That is properly called "surrender," not a anyone has done lately. But he left some I would like to offer particular "con­ "transfer of power." Changing the name things unsaid, too. gratulations" to that noted "conserva­ does not add bravery to the advice. But the Although Washington has tried repeatedly tive," William F. Buckley of National very reluctance of the euphemizers to use to encourage a negotiated settlement of the Review, who has finally achieved respect­ the harsh word, "surrender," is tacit admis­ war in Cambodia, Ford said, the other side ability within the liberal establishment. sion of shame-at suggesting we cravenly has shown no interest. "The aggressor be­ The list of Council members follows: force such an action, or at the shame Ameri­ lieves that it can win its objectives on the The men and women who became Council cans would feel at denying supplies to an battlefield. This belief will be encouraged n1en1bers during 1973-74 are: ally that is willing to fight. if we cut off assistance to our friends." A. Robert Abboud, Barbara Ann Anderson,* But walt, say the power-transferrers: Our Urging Congress to approve extended hu­ Manuel R. Angulo, Charles W. Bailey, Howard aid only prolongs the agony. Since the non­ manitarian and military aid to Cambodia, he H. Baker, Jr.t Malcolm Baldrige, Robert E. Communist forces are doomed, why try to said that "if we abandon our allies we will Baldwin, Joseph W. Bartlett, Lucius D. Bat­ help a loser? be saying to all the world that war pays. tle, Atherton Bean, HenryS. Bienen, James H. Perhaps surrender will turn out to be the Aggression will not stop, rather it will in­ Binger, Donald L. M. Blackmer, Landrum R. Cambodians' only choice, but the decision to crease .... We will have been false to our­ Bolling, William H. Branson, Mitchell Brock, fight on or give up should be theirs, not ours. selves, to our word and to our friends. No one Charles N. Brower, Seyom Brown, William F. Many of those here w)lo now wish to speed should think for a moment that we can walk away from that without a deep sense of Buckley, Jr., John C. Bullitt. up the "transfer" were absolutely certain John R. Bunting, Jr., Josiah Bunting, that South Vietnam's "corrupt, dictatorial shame." God, how hopelessly old-fashioned. How George L. Bustin,* Samuel C. Butler Wil­ regime" would collapse as soon as the last liam D. Carmichael, Barry E. carter, Edward American troops pulled out. That was over Eagle Scoutish, how redolent of the Lafay­ ette Escadrille, Lend Lease, Bundles for Bri­ William Carter, Patricia Hewitt Christensen,* two years ago. Howard L. Clark, Wesley K. Clark,* Sydney M. Those defeatists do not like to be reminded tain, the Berlin Airlift, the Pusan Perimeter, how wrong they were about the abllity of the Ia Drang Valley. Cone ill, Joo.n Galllz Cooney, Lloyd N. Cutler, the South Vietnamese to defend themselves, And how true- Richard A. Debs, Rimmer DeVries, William using our weapons against Soviet weapons. True, at least, for Americans who can see H. Donaldson, Edward S. Donnell, Robert R . back beyond 1968 and forward beyond 1975. Douglass, William Drayton, Jr., • John C. Incredibly, our allies are blamed for breaking Duncan, Lawrence S. Eagleburder, Gerald peace ~greements, despite the plain evidence For the many others today, there 1s a long of tens of thousands of North Vietnamese list from which to choose a reason why com­ M. Edelman, Bernard T. Feld, Susan Fraker.* troops steadily moving down across the bor­ mitments, debts of honor, no longer weigh Francine R. Frankel, t Orville L. Freeman,. der to launch a new offensive. on the scale of relations between nations. Murray J. Ga.rt, Murray Gell-Mann, David News reports from besieged Phnom Penh The most popular this week is that Phnom Ginsburg, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Susan A. continually stress how unhappy the people Penh is falling anyway, may even be gone Goldberg,• Robert C. Good, Paul F . Gorman, are with their Government; how hard it is before a bill for continued aid can be passed. Victor Gotbaum, Sanford D. Greenberg, to enlist soldiers; how palindromic Lon Nol If the situation is beyond redemption, it Joseph N. Greene, Jr., Meg Greenfield, Peter has not taken Thomas Jefferson as his model. is argued, wh y bother to spend money on it? B. Grose, Paul Hallingby, Jr., Thomas A. Thus victims become villains; where are the Of course, if the situation were hopeful, that Halsted, Arthur A. Hartman, Harold H. Healy, reports of the courage of the defenders or would be more than reason enough to let the Jr. denunciations of the sustained brutality of cambodians go it without rice or shells paid John M. Hennessy, Anne L. Hollick, Bradley the Communist attackers? for by us. Heads the other side wins, tails C. Hosmer, Robert E. Hunter, Robert S. No; that would hardly serve to speed the the Cambodians lose. Ingersol, John R. Jackson, Harold Kaplan, "transfer of power" or to assuage our con­ So we arrive at what the President left un­ Stanley Karnow, Spurgeon M. Keeny, Jr .• sciences for refusing to supply any more said. If his expressed belief that quick sup­ Roger G. Kennedy, Melvin R. Laid, Lewis E. bullets to people trying to defend them­ plementary aid would let the Cambodian gov­ Lehrman, James F. Leonard, Victor H. Li, selves against wen-supplied Communists. ernment survive till the monsoons this sum­ Abraham F. Lowenthal, Elmer W. Lower, You see, we are supposed to believe that mer is in fact just a public posture-if the Alonzo L. McDonald, George S. McGovern, the war in Cambodia is our fault; that we fall can be postponed only briefly, whatever Fritz Machlup, Murrey Marder, Jonathan B. corrupted those peaceful Cambodians. But we sent-there still is solid justification for Marks.• were the Khmer Rouge troops, now slaugh­ sending it. C. William Maynes, Jr., Dennis L. Meadows, tering children, indoctrinated by our Green For it might give the government just Donella H . Meadows. PaulL. Miller, William Berets? Hardly, they are local Communists enough leverage to reach that humane and G. Mlller, Parker G . Montgomery, John bent on seizing control, using rockets sup­ orderly surrender, rather than lying helpless Norton Moore, Jonathan Moore, Theodore H. plied by Hanoi, Peking and Moscow to kill before whatever retaliatory massacre the in­ Moran, Steven C. Nelson, • Eugene H. Nicker­ their Cambodia countrymen. vaders wish to inflict. son, William A. Nierenberg, Philip A. Odeen. Our visiting Congressmen, who felt the It clearly would demonstrate to the world William S. Ogden, Arthur M. Okun, Wolfgang cold fear of the people surrounded in Phnom that this country still does not turn away Penh, are less inclined than Hubert Hum­ from its allies just because they are sur­ *Indicates Term Member. phrey and Hugh Scott to demand surrender. rounded and outnumbe&d. And it would tinvited in 1972-73. March 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6771 K. H. Panofsky, Maynard M. Parker, Hugh T. Woodcock, Jurry Wurf, Daniel Yergin •, Ste­ "The soaring capacity of large pterosaurs Patrick, Robert L. Pfaltzgraff, Jr., Nelson W. phen B. Young•. was probably similar to that of vultures, and Polsby, Lewis T. Preston, Michael M. Reisman, the pterosaur had a neck long enough to Abraham A. Ribicoff, Ruth Amende Roosa, probe a dinosaur carcass," Lawson reported. Daniel Rose, Henry Rosovsky. PTEXAS PTEROSAUR Langston said it may not be possible to Timothy S. Rothermel,* Richard H. Rovere, resolve a debate over whether flying reptiles Donald Rumsfeld, Vernon W. Ruttan, Mil­ actually flew like birds, flapping their im­ dred D. Sage, Richard E. Salomon, John C. HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ mense Wings, or whether they launched Sawhill, John H. Schafer, Orville H. Schell, OF TEXAS themselves from high points to ride the air Jr., Charles L. Schultze, Brent Scowcroft, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES currents like gliders. John W. Seigle, George M. Shapiro, Irving S. Friday, March 14, 1975 Shapiro, George P. Shultz, William E. Simon, Thomas E. Skidmore, Edson W. Spencer, Joan Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, yester­ PENTAGON BUDGET TOPS $100 E. Spero, • Charles B. Stauffacher, Ernest day's Washington Post tells of the dis­ BilLION Stern~ Adlai E. Stevenson ill, Robert B. covery of the fossil remains of a flying Stobaugh. creature of stupendous size--twice as Brandon W. Sweitzer, Maurice Tempels­ great as the biggest previously known HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER man, Charles C. Tillinghast, Jr., Lyman M. flying lizard, nearly as big as a modern OF COLORADO Tondel, Jr., Gregory F. Treverton, * Robert 1N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES W. Tucker, William Watts, Murray L. Weiden­ fighter-bomber, and many times as big baum, Steven Weinberg, Jasper A. Welch, as Big Bird himself. Naturally eno~gh, Friday, March 14, 1975 Jr., Richard W. Wheeler, Christina B. Whit­ this creature was found in Texas. Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, with man,* W. Bradford Wiley, Fay Willey, Paul Nobody knows what happened to this D. Wolfowitz,• Robert C. Wood, Chen Ning our present economic difficulties, it is creature to cause its disappearance. essential that Congress objectively evalu­ Yang, Herbert F. York, Donna Ecton Young,• Maybe it ran out of dinosaurs to eat. Richard Young. ate and reduce military spending re­ The 141 men and women who became Maybe some prehistoric Congress killed quests where possible. In its March 1, members of the Council during 1972-73 are: its depletion allowance. Whatever hap­ 1975, legislative newsletter, Americans David M. Abshire, George H. Aldrich, Joe pened, it was a creature worthy of for Democratic Action has produced an L. Allbritton, John B. Anderson, Les Aspin, Texas, and I am glad to know that the excellent analysis of the new $104.7 bil­ M. Genevieve Atwood*, Josiah Lee Auspitz, Texa~r Ptexas-Pterosaur will soon Perry 0. Barber, Jr., David 0. Beim, Lloyd Uon Pentagon budget and has high­ find its place in the museums of the Uni­ lighted areas where economies could be M. Bentsen, Jr., Bernard R. Berelson, Mari­ versity of Ptexas. The article follows: lyn Berger, Suzanne Berger, Eugene A. Birn­ made in military spending and I am baum, Andrew H. Blauvelt*, Frederick M. [From the Washington Post, Mar. 13, 1975) taking this opportunity to share it with Bohen, John Brademas. WINGED REPTn.E HAD 51-FOOT SPAN my colleagues. Lewis M. Branscomb, Alfred Brittain III, (By Brian Sulivan) Edward W. Brooke, Jose A. Cabranes, Joseph The article follows: Skeletal remains of an immense leath­ PENTAGON BUDGET TOPS $100 Bn.LION A. Califano, Jr., John Carey, Charles W. Car­ ery-winged reptile, with a long neck suggest­ son, Jr., Frank T. Cary, William J. Casey, ing it fed on dead dinosaurs, have been When Defense Secretary James Schlesinger Henry E. Catto, Jr., John Chancellor, George found in West Texas. ' testified on February 26 in defense of his new A. Chandler, Robert G. Chollar, Warren Dubbed the Texas pterosaur, it is the budget, House Appropriations Chairman Christopher, Ray S. Cline, Barber B. Cona­ largest flying creature now known. George Mahon (D-Tex.a.s) wryly remarked ble, Jr., Joseph F. Condon, John T. Connor, The fossil remains Indicate the creature, tha.t he would go down in the Guiness Book Jr., John C. Culver. which lived more than 60 million years ago, of Records as the first Defense Secretary to William M. Dietel, Stephen H. DuBrul, Jr., had a wingspan of 51 feet, larger than the seek over $100 billion. In fact, DOD is re­ Freeman J. Dyson, Jessica P. Einhorn•, Rob­ 38-foot wingspan of an F-4 jet fighter­ questing in fisce.l 1976 $104.7 billion in Total ert J. Einhorn, Donald H. Elliott, Dante B. bomber and about double that of the largest Obliga.tion.al Authority (TAO) --9. tremen­ Fa.scell, Clarence Clyde Ferguson, Jr., Frances creature known up to now. dous $15.7 billi0111 Lncrea.se from fiscal 1975. FitzGerald, Murray H. Finley, Donald T. Fox, This enormous jump in size suggests that When he first presented the budget, Donald M. Fraser, Alton Frye, Paul M. Fye, still other creatures of intermediate size may Schlesinger said "we offer no apologies" for Leslie H. Gelb, Patrick A. Gerschel *, Henry also have evolved and remain to be found. the huge budget request. While claiming that R. Geyelin. Three partial skeletons were found over a large part of the increase was due to infla­ Ph111p L. Geyelin, Eli Goldston, Alexander the past three years in the Big Bend National tion, the Secretary also admitted that $8.2 M. Haig, Jr., David R. Halperin*, Robert L. Park in Brewster County, Texas, and are billion of the increase represented real Heilbroner, Richard M. Helms, John A. Her­ being called Texas pterosaur, from the Greek growth. Thus, the Pentagon seeks a large fort*, Frank W. Hoch, Jerome H. Holland, pteron, wing, and sauros, lizard, or by the increase both to cover inflation and to pro­ Graham Hovey, John Hughes, Fred c. Ikle, more general name, pterodactyl, winged vide a real hike in its spending power. Norman Jacobs, Robbin S. Johnson*, W. finger. Furthermore, if-as expected--Congress re­ Thomas Johnson, Jr., Willard R. Johnson, The fossils were found by Douglas A. Law­ fuses to agree to the Administration's at­ Marvin L. Kalb, Alfred Orr Kelly, William J. son, a graduate student at the University of tempt to hold pay raises and retirees' benefits Kilberg*. California at Berkeley. He began his fossil to a five percent raise this year, the $104.7 Lane Kirkland, Curtis M. Klaerner, John hunt while a student at the University of b1llion TOA figure probably will climb an H. Knowles, Edward A. Kolodziej, Lawrence Texas at Austin. additional $1.8 billion to $106.5 billion. B. Krause, Kermit I. La.nsner, Ivo J. Led­ The plans for now are to place the fossils This analysis will deal primarily with TOA, erer, Monroe Leigh, Hillel Levine •, Charles on display at the Texas Memorial Museum which is the amount of money requested Edwin Lord, Winston Lord, James T. Lynn, at the university at Austin, according to from or appropriated by Congress in a given Laurence E. Lynn, Jr., Harry C. McPherson, Dr. Wann Langston Jr., director of the Verte­ fiscal year, plus carry-over authority from Jr., William B. Macomber, Jr., Walter F. brate Paleontology Laboratory. previous years. Budget outlays refers to ac­ Mondale, Richard M. Moose. A report of the discovery was contained tual or estimated disbursements in a given Thomas E. Morgan, Edward L. Morse, Ken­ in the current issue of the journal Science, fiscal year. While Defense Department TOA neth P. Morse*, Edmund S. Muskie, Andre a publication of the American Association is $104.7 billion in fiscal 1976, some of this W. G. Newburg, John Newhouse, Matthew for the Advance of Science. Nimetz, Michel Oksenberg, James J. O'Leary, money will be spent in later years; actual "This is very exciting from the standpoint fiscal 1976 outlays will total $92.8 billion. Kathryn C. Pelgrift*, Lionel I. Pincus Walter of science," Langston said yesterday. "It is Budget authority is similar to TOA, but also H. Pincus, Myer Rashish, Donald T.' Regan, a considerable jump from the largest known Nicholas Rey, John B. Rhinelander, John B. previously." includes military sales trust funds. Rhodes, Jr., Emmett Rice, Richard W. Rich­ In his report, Lawson concluded: "The THE STARK FIGURES ardson. most distinctive feature of this Big Bend Military spending for the Defense Depart· Chalmers M. Roberts, Charles W. Robin­ pterosaur is its immense size, for it is without ment looks like this: son, James D. Robinson III, David E. Rogers, doubt the largest flying creature presently Frederick P. Rose, WHliam V. Roth, Jr., known." Total Nadav Safran, John A. Scali, Jan Schneider•, The condor, with a wingspan of about nine obligational Robert C. Seamans, Jr., Eli Shapiro, Herbert feet, is the largest flying creature alive today. authority Outlays M. Shayne, Eleanor Bernet Sheldon, George Lawson reported he had found among the L. Sherry, Leonard S. Silk, Ann B. Sloane. Fiscal year 1976 request three partial ·skeletons the remains of four (billion) ______Walter B. Slocombe, Gaddis Smith, Louis wings, a neck, the hind legs and jaws. The $104.7 $92.8 B. Sohn, Robert Solomon, Charles R. Stev­ Fiscal year 1975 estimate jaws were toothless. (billion) ______$89.0 $84.8 ens, Seth P. Tillman, Russell E. Train, H. Because the remains were found some 200 Dollar increase 1975-76 Anton Tucher, Edward Halam Tuck, Stans­ miles from seashores of the era, Lawson (billion) ______--·. ______$15.7 $8.0 field Turner, Charles H. Weaver, Nils Y. Wes­ wrote, it may be that the pterodactyl was not Percentage(percent) ______increase 1975-76 _ sell, Marina von Neumann Whitman, Leonard fisheat1ng, but a carrion-eater. 17.6 9.4 6772 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 14, 1975 Somet imes the President's figures on de­ the military should have any claim to a The U.S. retirement of many ships has fense spending differ from those of the specific proportion of the GNP. The propor­ made Soviet ships more numerous; but the Defense Department. This can be confusing, tion of the federal budget going to the mili­ U.S. has over twice the tonnage of the but for the most part reflects the President's tary does not show whether too much, or too Soviet Navy in major surface combatants, more inclusive definition of what constitutes little, or an appropriate amount is being and three times the tonnage when Allied "de! ense spending." The figures above were spent on national security. ships are included. those presented to Congress by Defense Sec­ It is far more important to ask whether The Soviets have no attack aircraft car- retary Schlesinger. spending for any particular weapons program riers; the U.S. now has 15. Schlesinger also provided five-year projec­ or personnel level contributes to U.S. security The Warsaw Pact countries have a larger tions of military spending which contem­ and is cost effective. The B-1 bomber may number of combat aircraft in Europe; NATO plll.te a 41 percent rise in TOA for the Pen­ fly faster, but is it worth a $20 billion plus aircraft have greater firepower, greater range, tagon in fiscal 1980: price tag in terms of the added security it greater staying power, more experienced Five-year projection-TOA will provide? The Trident nuclear-powered pilots, and are more oriented to offense than submarines have certain advantages over the [In billions] the Soviet craft. Fiscal year 1976 ______$104.7 present submarine force, but do they justify The U.S. has 2.1 million people in its a price tag of $1.5 billion per boat or could armed forces; the Soviet Union has 4.0 mil­ Fiscal year 1977------117.0 the program be deferred without any real lion, but its borders in need of protection­ Fiscal year 1978------128. 0 loss in U.S. defenses? borders Europe, China and Eastern Europe­ Fiscal year 1979------138.0 Do U.S. foreign policy interests require the are far more extensive. Fiscal year 1980------148.0 construction of two new overseas bases in The Soviet Union has 160 intercontinental (Schlesinger Posture Statement, fiscal year the Pacific and Indian Oceans, or does this bombers; the U.S. has 498. 1976, and fiscal year 1977, page I-26) construction reflect merely a desire of the Pentagon? Are U.S. force commitments to In sum, despite the cries of inferiority Secretary Schlesinger, in making presenta­ from the Pentagon, it is clear that U.S. mili­ tions to Congress, is a master of the chart such varied countries as Thailand, South tary capab1Uty equals or surpasses that of and graph. He is quick with tables of figures Korea, the Philippines, Taiwan and many the Soviet Union. Furthermore, relative and colorful graphic representations of trends other countries in Asia and in the rest of the world vital to the defense of the U.S., or strength involves more than just military to flash onto a screen. His retinue of aides is might. As the Center for Defense Informa­ always ready to pull just the right graph are they military commitments which grew up in different situations which are never tion points out: "Industrially, technological­ to prove that military spending is not as ly, agriculturally, and militarily the U.S. is large as it appears to be in terms of Gross adequately reviewed? At a time when so many domestic programs without doubt the strongest power in the National Product, its share of the budget, his­ world." torical terms or anything else which seems to are being cut back or forced to swallow infla- support his case. Schlesinger is very adept tionary increases, ShOUld not some less im- HOW CONGRESS CAN CUT BACK MILITARY in choosing statistics which put his argu­ portant milit ary programs be terminated to SPENDING ments in a favorable light. · free money for domestic needs? Last year a group of 21 former Defense, He ignores or downplays the significance And how much defense spending is State, NSC, and CIA offi.cials headed by Paul of other statistics which might reflect less enough? Now that the U.S. has over 8,000 Warnke found that some $14.9 billion could favorably on military spending. For instance, nuclear warheads providing 36 nuclee.r weap- be saved from military budget authority in while non-military spending is up, much of ons to target on each of the Soviet Union's FY 1975. That amount could be increased to this increase is due to trust fund spending, 219 major urban areas., is it necessary to con- $25 billion in fiscal 1976 and beyond by re­ such as Social Security, over which Congress struct a large number of new nuclear war- ducing excess military and civilian manpow­ exercises little control. According to the heads? Sen. John Sparkman (D-Ala.), the er, ellminating unnecessary weapons systems, President's budget presentation (pp. 354- new Chairman of the Senate Foreign Rela- cutting down military assistance to Indo­ 355) , almost 70 percent of the outlays which tions CommitJtee, recently called for a fresh china and elsewhere, streamlining our force Congress can control fall into the category look at some of these questions : "For a structure, and by other economy moves. Re­ of defense spending. start we can simply recognize that overkill sources saved here could be shifted to more Another chart in the President's budget is overkill, that superfluous weapons are urgent domestic priorities, such as housing shows that the proportion of overall budget indeed superfluous, and that many of the and job programs. A brief examination of authority slated for "national defense" is · new systems being develOped, though tech- some of the controversial programs which projected to rise from 23.1 percent of the nologically fascinating, are redundant and will come in for special congressional at- budget in FY 1975 to 27.9 percent of the unnecessary." tention this year follows. - budget in FY 1976 (p. 322). A third chart THE BALANCE BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND B-1 BOMBER (p. 324) demonstrates that the chunk of THE U.s.s.R. With costs now approaching $100 million total federal government budget authority Schlesinger and other Pentagon officials per plane, this year we can expect the B-1 available to the Defense Department though tend to stress the advantages of the Soviet long-range strategic bomber to be the sub­ current action by Congress will jump from Union in the military balance between our ject of a major congressional debate. The 33.6 percent in fiscal 1975 to 41.7 percent in two countries. As usual, they manage to do present cost estimate for 244 B-1s has fiscal1976. In short, one can find a multtlude this by carefully selecting their statistics. climbed over $20 billion over the life of the of statistics to prove that the Pentagon is The U.S.S.R. does have more nuclear launch- program, with each plane costing about $84 taking a rising portion of the money that ers than the U.S., but the U.S. has three millton. This year the Pentagon is requesting Congress most directly deals with. t imes as many nuclear weapons. The U.S.S.R. $749.2 million, which includes $77 mlllion has greater throwweight, but the U.S. is fa..r THE BUDGET IN REAL TERMS ahead of the Soviets in the technology and as the first downpayment on production for Schlesinger's playing with statistics ac- reliability of nuclear weapons. aplane which remains in the research and tually obscures the most important questions. Other examples of U.S. strength abound: development stage. An oft-postponed - final One should ask not how much of the GNP The Soviets finally are deploying MIRVs; decision on whether to produce the planes goes toward military spending, but whether the U.S. has been MIRVing for many years. is now scheduled for November 1976. COST OF CONTROVERSIAL FISCAL YEAR 1976 MILITARY PROGRAMS AT A GLANCE (TOA)

Estimated Estimated total cos , Fiscal total cost Fiscal 13:6 13:6 from R. & D. from R. & D. Program Kind of weapon request 1 to finish 2 Program Kind of weapon request 1 to finish ~

Trident______Nuclear ballistic missile $2, 142, 000, 000 $15, 446, 400, 000 Major nonweapons pro- submarine. 8-L __ __ ------______Long-range bomber______749,000,000 20, 496, 000, 000 gr~~iary aid to South ------$1,293, 000,000 ------­ AWACS (E-3A) ______Airborne warning and con- 690, 000, 000 3, 038, 400, 000 Vietnam. trol system. Additional southeast ------124, 000,000 ------SAM-0 ______Army surface-to-air missile_ 130, 000, 000 6, 745, 400, 000 Asia war costs. DD-963 ___ ------______Naval destroyer ______781,000, 000 3, 599, 800, 000 Shipbuilding cost in------2, 300,000, 000 ------F-14(with Phoenix missile) __ Navy fighter ______721 , 000, 000 7. 462, 500, 000 F- 15 ______Air force fighter ------1, 683, 000,000 10, 941, 300, 000 Pr~d8uaJ~~;, support for ------300, 000, 000 ------A-10 ______Close air support plane _____ 460, 000, 000 3, 087, 000, 000 fore ign military sales. Minuteman 11'------Upgrading, MIRVing ______780, 000, 000 6, 977, 700,000 Civilian personnel pay------315, 400, 000,000 ------Cruise missiles ______New Bomber- and sub- 153, 000, 000 Uncertain launched missile. MiW~!·ry basic pay, per------s 27,000, 000, 000 ------­ Site defense ______A~~srJr:.tem to protect 140,000, 000 Uncertain sonnel expenses and family housing. XM- L ______New main battle tank ______52,000,000 6, 186, 600, 000 Military retired pay ___ ------______-- a 6, 900, 000, 000 ------

t Statistics in this column from Defense Secretary James Schlesinger's Annual Defense Dept. a Outlay figures from "Manpower requirements report" for fiscal year 1976, DOD, February Report (posture statement), fiscal year 1976 and fiscal year 197T. 1975, p. A-2. 2 Statistics in this column from SAR program acquisition cost summary, Sept. 30, 1974 (except 8-1 bomber cost). March 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6773 There is serious doubt in congressional troversial. The Tridents are designed to re­ contingencies, cost huge amounts of money. quarters that the U.S. can afford such an ex­ place the present Polaris/ Poseidon sub­ They also increase the likelihood of U.S. in­ pensive program for a plane which is of mar­ marines. Each submarine will cost a stag­ volvement in undesired wars. ginal use in today's age of the missile. The gering $1.5 billion. With present plans call­ Critics argue that it is time to reduce our B-1 will require eight hours to travel 5,000 ing for eventual construction of ten sub­ overseas deployments to the number required miles from base to target, arriving long after marines, the total program cost will be $15.5 to maintain U.S. security. The 66,000 military the ICBMs, which require 30 minutes of billion. personnel in Thailand and South Korea are travel time, and sea-based missiles, which Two years ago, Sen. Thomas Mcintyre (D­ two obvious tragets for cutbacks. Sen. Sam require 15 minutes. Alternatives to the ex­ N.H.) led to a hard fight against accelerated Nunn (D-Ga.) recently returned from a trip pensive B-1 program include continued reli­ development of the program, losing on a to Asia recommending the withdrawal of ance on modernized B-52 bombers, building close 49-47 vote. The pace of the program most U.S. forces in Thailand. The Center more FB-llls, development of a cheaper actually has been somewhat slowed. for Defense Information estimates that with­ bomber or relying on our underwater deter­ Why we should rush forward with the Tri­ drawal of those 66,000 personnel could save ent. In February, Sen. Stennis requested dent program is a question which the Penta­ $1 billion. Close votes are anticipated in both evaluations of these alternatives. gon has yet to answer. The Polaris fleet pres­ houses on overseas troop deployments. THREE NEW ARMY COMBAT DIVISIONS ently is invulnerable. Of the 41 Polaris sub­ COUNTERFORCE By changing support forces into combat marines, the oldest is only 15 years old; the newest is eight. With a life span of 30 years, About a year ago, Defense Secretary units, the Army plans to increase its number Schlesinger announced his intention to de­ of combat divisions from 13 to 16. To use these subs are serviceable until the 1990's. Moreover, the Pentagon has undertaken velop a counterforce program, which among Pentagonese jargon, this change will turn other things would increase the accuracy military "fat" into "swords" or "tail" into several programs to provide these submarines with additional firepower. An expensive con­ of our Minuteman III missiles, double the "teeth." Expenditures for the changeover wUl yield of their warheads, and develop a termi­ begin in FY 1976. version effort to put 10-14 MIRVs on each of 16 Poseidon missiles in 31 of the 41 subma­ nally guided MARV (manuverable reentry The decision to increase the number of vehicle) which would give our missiles pin­ Army combat divisions, announced last year, rines has been underway since 1970 and will be completed in 1977. The Pentagon is re­ point accuracy. Sen. Mcintyre and Rep. Bella was made in response to criticism concerning Abzug (D-N.Y.) last year vigorously opposed the excessive numbers of support troops. questing $91 million for this conversion in fiscal 1976. The present fleet carries 656 mis­ these new strategic initiatives aimed at the These troops add an excessively long logistice.l Soviet land-based missile deterrent. tail to the main body of Army combat troops. siles with about 4,000 nuclear weapons. Plans are underway to place Trident I missiles in Mcintyre stressed the danger of develop­ The Army plans to turn about 45,000 of these ing weapons which might jeopardize the con­ support troops and headquarters units into ten of the Poseidon submarines, thus increas­ ing their firing range to 4,000 nautical miles. fidence of the U.S. or the U.S.S.R. in the three combat divisions. It justifies its deci­ survivability of its own retaliatory force fol­ sion in terms of the need to "bribe" or pro­ In view of all this, the Cen er for Defense Information and others suggest that we lowing an all out attack. Development of a vide "incentives" to the armed forces to get first-strike capacity by either country, he rid of their excess fat. In testimony before should slow development of the Trident pro­ gram or suspend development of the actual said, could seriously undermine present nu­ the Senate Budget Committee February 20, clear stability. In an especially complicated Assistant Defense Secretary Leonard Sul­ submarine while concentrating on develop­ ment of the Trident I missile. (See the excel­ debate, last year Sen. Mcintyre managed to livan of Program Analysis and Evaluation convince 39 of his Senate colleagues; Rep. put it bluntly: " ... i! you really want to find lent "Guidelines for the New Defense Bud­ get" in the January 1975 Defense Monitor.) Abzug, however, managed to win only 69 out where the fat is, you have to provide the votes in the House. incentives to the mllitary departments." AWACS Barry Blechman, a Brookings m111ta.ry ex­ This year, Sen. Thomas Eagleton's (D-Mo.) A $2.3 BU.LION COST OVERRUN pert, pointed out at the same hearing that, long fought battle to k111 the Airborne Warn­ This year, the Pentagon has made a bold 1f the Army's program is approved, the Air ing and Control System (AWACS) may culm­ request for an unprecedented $2.3 billion to Force may try to turn 30,000 support posi­ inate in victory. Now slated to cost $111 mil­ cover cost overruns and inflation on ship tions into three new air wings. Blechman lion for each of 34 airplanes, this Air Force building authorized in previous budgets. As suggested an alternative--demobUizing program would produce the most expensive Terence McClary, Assistant Secretary of De­ about 45,000 support troops in the Army and planes ever built. Boeing 707s loaded with fense (Comptroller), admitted in his Feb­ 30,000 in the Air Force. He pointed out that a radar, communications equipment and com­ ruary 1, 1975 budget briefing: "This will give decision to reduce to 13 divisions was made puters, these planes are designed to serve as us no new ships, none at all." In short, the early in the Nixon Administration to reflect airborne control posts, directing NATO jets Pentagon is asking for $2.3 bililon to pay for . a major doctrinal change of preparing to in combat against Soviet forces in Europe ships which Congress thought it had already fight one and one-half wars simultaneously and warning of attacks on Western forces. paid for. (one major war and a smaller contingency) Last year Congress authorized only six of A large part of this huge cost overrun un­ rather than two and one-hal! wars. Sen. a requested 12 planes and required Schle­ doubtedly will go to the trouble-plagued Frank Moss (D-Utah) questioned what new singer to certify the plane as cost effective DD-963 naval destroyer. DOD is asking $781.4 threat has arisen to justify re-establishment and capable of meeting its mission require­ million for this program in fiscal 1976; all of these three combat divisions. ments. Although Schlesinger provided the but $9.7 million will go for cost overruns and INDOCHINA MU.ITARY AID certification in February 1975, a General Ac­ inflation. Other ship programs face similar counting Office (GAO) report released Febru­ spiraling costs. The fight over aid to Indochina will be Sen. John McClellan (D-Ark.), Chairman among the first congressional battles this ary 23 questioned the plane's utility. Armed Services Chairman Melvin Price (D-Ill.) and of the Senate Appropriations Committee, year. Recently, this has been the fight which Senate Tactical Airpower Subcommittee listed this $2.3 billion cost overrun package the Pentagon has lost most consistently. The Chairman Howard Cannon (D-Nev.) both as one of seven "significant areas of concern ... DOD FY 1976 budget ~ncludes a request for have requested a delay in awarding a produc­ Congressional critics, who believe that any $1.293 billion for military aid to Vietnam. tion contract until their committees review Navy deficits should be made up for by re­ (Economic aid to Vietnam and all forms of the program. ductions in spending in other parts of the aid to Cambodia and Laos are included in Criticism of the plane is based primarily Navy's budget, may call for a thorough re­ other bills.) Accompanying this request is a on the grounds of its skyrocketing cost, its view of the Navy's shipbuilding program. supplemental request for $300 million for vulnerability to inexpensive jamming equip­ Crvn.IAN PERSONNEL military aid to Vietnam and $222 mUlion for ment or Soviet interceptors, its la.ck of ap­ DOD civilian personnel costs comprise one military aid to Cambodia. There is an addi­ peal to our European allies, and DOD's fre­ tional $124 million request for other Indo­ of the largest segments of the Pentagon quent changes in its assigned mission. Origi­ budget, yet only recently has this segment china war costs. nally designed to protect the U.S. from Soviet Last August, the House voted overwhelm­ begun to be scrutinized. The Pentagon is bomber attack, the plane has been assigned slating a huge $15.4 billion for a civil service ingly to slash DOD's request for aid to Viet­ changing missions over Europe. nam to $700 million. payroll and plans to employ 985,000 direct In December, as part of the foreign aid U.S. FORCES OVERSEAS hire civilians for DOD military functions (a authorization bill, the House imposed what is For several years, there have been major drop of about 9,000 civilians from the planned in effect a $275 million ceiling on mllitary fights in both the Senate and House to re­ fiscal 1975 end strength). This year, Con­ assistance to Cambodia. A battle is expected duce the number of U.S. forces stationed gress-for only the second ttme-w111 au­ over the extra money for Cambodia., which overseas. There are stUl abroad about 512,000 thorize a. specific manpower leve~ for DOD is likely to be tacked onto the fiscal 1975 for­ U.S. mi11tary personnel and about 175,000 civilian personnel, whose costs take 16.6 per­ eign aid appropriation bill due on the House civilians. Those forces are accompanied by cent of planned FY 1976 expenditures. floor in early March. large mumbers of dependents. The U.S. now Currently, the Pentagon employs almost maintains 222 major military bases outside one civilian for every two persons in uni­ TRIDENT NUCLEAR-POWERED SUBMARINE form. It employs as many civilian employees In terms of requested appropriations for the U.S. In addition, there are plans for a as all other federal government agencies com­ fiscal 1976, the most costly Pentagon pro­ new base at Tlnian in Micronesia and a vast bined (excluding the quasi-federal Postal gram is the Trident nuclear ballistic sub­ expansion of a small faci11ty at Diego Garcia Service) . The supposedly overstaffed Depart­ marine. The Pentagon is asking $2.142 billion in the Indian Ocean. U.S. overseas forces, ment of Health, Education and Welfare ac­ tor this program in the next year. including both forward deployments and tually employs less than one-seventh as many The Trident program is tremendously con- U.S. forces stationed at home for overseas employees as the Pentagon. While there have 6774 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 14, 1975 been considerable reductions in civllian per­ count the spec11lc needs of the poorest and 6. Existing compliance standards involving sonnel levels since the height of U.S. involve­ most disadvantaged among us--those who discriminatory use o! federal funds would be ment in the Vietnam war, proportiona.lly, feel most acut-ely the greatest impacts of significantly undercut, if not repealed. Fur­ these reductions have not been as great as simultaneous in1lation and recession. thermore, there would be no attention to reductions in the number of uniformed per­ We write to express our sincere hope that the problems of half-hearted or inadequate sonnel. your support of general revenue sharing civil rights enforcement at the federal level, OTHER CONTROVERSIAL PROGRAMS will reflect this viewpoint--that is, that any as well as in states and localities. commitment of federal resources on the Of all the questions raised about revenue Binary nerve gas-The Pentagon suffered a scale of revenue sharing be carried out under rare fioor defeat when a coalition led by Rep. sharing, the issue of civil rights ranks among Floyd mcks (D-Wash.) and Pat Schroeder a policy of responsiveness to need. the highest. Because the format of general (D-Colo.) knocked out money for production We understand that you are considering revenue sharing gives considerable flexibllity of binary nerve gas projectiles. Now the recommendations from a joint Office of to state and local governments in the use of Pentagon is back asking for $8.8 million for Management and Budget and Treasury De­ funds and reduces federal monitoring re­ partment Task Force for renewal of the sponsibllities, many of our groups have been a new production effort. current program; the cost of extending it SAM-D-DOD is asking for $130 milllon for concerned that federal civil rights policies continued research and development of the is estimated at $40 billion. In addition, your and standards are not being enforced ade­ controversial SAM-D surface-to-air missile States of the Union message indicated your quately. Although the revenue sharing sta­ system. Sen. Bayh (D-Ind.) has worked to intention to use general revenue sharing as tute and frequent statements by federal offi­ kill this expensive system, which has an esti­ a vehicle for distributing to state and local cials confirm a strong commitment to assure mated program cost of $6.4 billion. governments an additional $2 billion derived equal opportunity under the program, in Production suppart for foreign military from proposed oil and gas taxes. These fact there has been a notable absence o! effec­ sales-A somewhat vague program is being changes would mean an increase of approxi­ tive civil rights oversight and enforcement set up at a cost of $300 milUon to begin ad­ mately 30 per cent over existing general by the Office of Revenue Sharing, even in vance production of equipment expected to revenue sharing disbursements. cases such as Chicago, Illlnois, and Mont­ be sold overseas. The plan is to have weap­ The views of several of our groups on this clair, New Jersey, where substantial evidence ons and ammunition on hand before requests and other changes in the general revenue of discrimination was on the record. Nor has are made by foreign countries to buy them. sharing program were initially solicited by there been a meaningful effort by the Office SALT II and strategic levels-The guide­ your Task Force when they were beginning of Revenue Sharing to share compliance re­ lines drawn up from the tentative SALT ll their review, and again have been requested sponsibillties with other federal agencies agreement would set a ceiling for the U.S. as part of informal briefing meetings on the such as the Department of Justice and the and U.S.S.R. of 2,400 strategic nuclear de­ Task Force's proposals that now are being Equal Employment Opportunity Commis­ livery systems. As many SALT critics feared, scheduled on their invitation. Because gen­ sion whose enforcement responsibilities cover Ford and Schlesinger are planning to build eral revenue sharing issues are of major im­ areas affected by revenue sharing. These and right up to this llmit. portance and urgency to our groups and other major deficiencies are not addressed by their constituents, we are taking this op­ the very limited civil rights amendment pro­ portunity to underscore the views we are posed by the Task Force which actually presenting to your Task Force by communi­ would undercut existing authority by the cating them as well to you directly. federal government to temporarily defer AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF Our analysis of the Task Force proposals funding in many cases of noncompliance. REVENUE SHARING submitted to you indicates they are cosmetic You have already made the decision to use at best, in that they fail to deal adequately general revenue sharing as an element in with serious problems implicit in the current your total energy strategy, by making rebates revenue sharing program, and to fulfill your to state and local governments to account for HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL expressed concern that economic burdens their anticipated higher fuel costs. This OF NEW YORK should not fall hardest on those least able would set an important precedent, namely, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to bear them. Extensive grassroots investiga­ that revenue sharing can and should reflect tions, conducted by reputable academic, civic, the impact of national policies and needs. It Friday, March 14, 1975 community and religious organizations, have is not inconsistent, therefore, to shape this Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, any pro­ brought to light serious deficiencies in how program so that it better recognizes the posals for economic recovery must take well the program serves the needs of minori­ fundamental national priority that equity into account the needs of the jobless ties, women and the poor. There is strong be served by providing resources to poor, un­ evidence that revenue sharing funds are employed and otherwise disadvantaged per­ and disadvantaged. Unemployment has being used in ways that perpetuate discrimi­ sons. Their needs far outweigh those caused recently risen to over 8 percent. The nation against minorities and women, and by higher fuel costs for states and localities, Nation's economic problems are swelling exclude the general public from effective par­ particularly when the nation's economic the ranks of the poor. Legislation must ticipation in local spending decisions. problems are swelling the ranks of the poor. be enacted to provide resources, jobs, and Among our major reservations with the We look forward to your decisions on the money to the growing numbers of proposals now before you that are described future of the general revenue sharing pro­ unemployed men and women. in the attached analysis are the following: gram in the hope that our reservations about The President's recommendations of 1. The rights of citizens to participate in the adequacy of the program can be re­ decisions on spending revenue sharing funds solved, particularly since many o! the issues continuing support of the existing Fed­ would not be clearly delineated, but would we have identified involve more effective im­ eral revenue sharing programs fails to be left to the discretion of state and local plementation of existing statutory require­ recognize the duty of the Federal Gov­ officials, many of whom have been unrespon­ ments, and many of the necessary reforms ernment to provide the leadership in sive to this need. we propose, including those involving civil these crisis times. I am including in the 2. Placing revenue sharing on a long-term rights and public involvement, would not re­ RECORD for my colleagues a letter sub­ appropriation, removed from annual budget quire legislative action. mitted to the President by the Leader­ reviews by the Congress or the Executive This statement and the attached analysis Branch, would impede oversight of the pro­ is endorsed by the following organizations: ship Conference on Civil Rights in gram's effectiveness, and insulate it more Leon Shull, National Director, Americans which they persuasively delineate the than other domestic assistance from being for Democra.tic Action, 1424 16th Street, N.W. reasons why the program must be considered in light of the nation's changing Washington, D.C. amended quite drastically if it is to pro­ econoxnic conditions. Barbara W. Moffett, Secretary, Community vide the urgently needed relief. I urge 3. Minimal changes proposed in the form­ Relations Division, American Friends Service you to take a .careful look at this analysis ula for distribution of funds would scarcely Committee. so that when the question comes to the address the needs of cities in fiscal crisis; Woodrow Ginsburg, Director of Research, House, the discussion which will take nor would it assure that the size of alloca­ Center for Community Change, 1000 Wis­ tions is geared to the functional responsib111- consin Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. place will be productive in making the Wil11am L. Taylor, Director and Morton needed adjustments. ties and resource levels of recipient juris­ dictions. H. Sklar, Revenue Sharing Project Director, LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE ON 4. The need for greater accountability in Center !or National Polley Review, Catholic Crvn. RIGHTS, the use of these federal resources would be University of United States, Washington, Washington, D.C., Jan. 20, 1975. D.C. Hon. GERALD FORD, ignored. Expenditures would continue to be Jane Chapman, Co-Director, Center for President of the United States, The White virtually unrestricted, and ineffective re­ Women Policy Studies, 2000 P Street, N.W. House, Washington, D.C. porting requirements would not be improved. Washington, D.C. DEAR PRESIDENT FORD: Like all Americans, 5. No attention would be given to the use Lawrence Parachini, Director, Communi­ we are following closely your efforts to deal of unrestricted revenue sharing funds by ties in Action Together, 1717 Massachusetts with our nation's current economic prob­ more wealthy suburban jurisdictions in ways Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. lems. You have said in your State of the that maintain racial and econoxnic barriers Shijeki J. Sugiyama, National President, Union message and elsewhere that measures and ignore basic social issues shared in com­ Japanese American Citizens League, 1730 for economic recovery must take into ac- mon with their urban neighbors. Rhode Island Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. March 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6775 Eddie Williams, President, Joint Center SALAR_IES AND BENEFITS and members of my stat! were reimbursed for Political Studies, 1426 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. Members of Congress are paid an an­ for a total of 3.5 such trips-$859. Harold C. Fleming, Chairman, Federal nual salary of $42,500. Group life insur­ OTHER ALLOWANCES Programs Task Force, Leadership Conference ance coverage is automatically provid­ Each Member is given $6,500 per regu­ on Civll Rights, 2027 Massachusetts Avenue, ed-monthly payroll deduction of $26.- lar session to cover the cost of stationery N.W. Washington, D.C. 82-unless declined. Members are eligible and office supplies and $500 per quarter Ruth C. Clusen, President, League of to participate in the civil service retire­ Women Voters of United States, 1730 M for district office expenses. These allow­ Street N.W. Washington, D.C. ment system-payroll deduction of 8 per­ ances are taxable income but Members Bert De Leeuw, Coordinator, Movement cent. Limited medical services are pro­ are permitted to deduct the actual cost For Economic Justice, 1609 Connecticut Ave­ vided without cost in the Capitol while of expenses incurred whether more or nue, N.W. Washington, D.C. health insurance coverage is available less than the allowances. William R. Morris, Director of Housing on a voluntary basis. I participate in The following is a summary of these Programs and J. Francis Pohlha.us, Counsel, group life and retirement coverage, de­ allowances and expenses in my office Washington Bureau National Association for cline health insurance. Advancement of Colored People, 733 15th during the period just ended: Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. FACn.ITIES Pearl Campbell, Acting Director, National Each Member is furnished space­ 1973 1974 Total Association for Community Development, usually three rooms-in one of the House 1424 16th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. office buildings in Washington and is en­ Allowances: Glenn Allison, Director of Public Affairs, titled to one or more offices in his home TraveL ______$4, 297. 56 $5,741.17 $10,038.73 National Association of Social Workers, 1425 Stationery ______4, 250.00 6, 500.00 10.750.00 district. I maintain two such offices: one District office ______1, 400.00 2, 000.00 3, 400.00 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. in Aurora, the other in Colorado Springs. Telephone ______1, 444.38 1, 875.61 3, 319.99 Edward L. Holmgren, Executive Director, Miscellaneous reim- Office furnishings, decorations, plants, bursements ______National Committee Against Discrimination 1, 702.53 1, 702.53 in Housing, 1425 H Street, N.W., Washington, and various services-research, mainte­ Total, allowances_ 11, 391.94 17, 819. 31 29, 211.25 D.C. nance, folding, radio-TV studio, et Reverend Msg. Lawrence J. Corcoran, Ex­ cetera--are also provided. Parking facili­ ecutive Director, National Conference of ties are furnished for each Member and Ex¥~:~:~~~-- ______4, 120.26 5, 171.94 9, 292.20 Office supplies ______3, 948.64 4, 596.05 8, 544.69 Catholic Charities, 1346 Connecticut Ave­ some stat!. Dues, subscriptions _ . 772.59 1, 151.25 1, 923.84 nue, N.W., Washington, D.C. District office ______694.11 163.55 857.66 In Washington, each office is permitted Telephone ______Mary Jo Binder, National Coordinator, to have no more than $5,500-depre­ 1, 622.47 1, 875.61 3, 498.08 Poverty and Women Task Force, National Entertainment, etc __ 881.04 305.67 1, 186.71 ciated value-of electrical and mechani­ Miscellaneous ex- Coordinator, Poverty and Women Task Force, penses ______1, 902.68 1, 749.88 3, 652.56 National Organization for Women, 529 14th cal equipment such as typewriters, dic­ Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. tating equipment, et cetera. Members are Total, expenses ___ 13, 941. 79 15, 013.95 28,955.74 Cushing Dolbeare, Executive Secretary, Na­ also authorized to use leased equipment TotaL ______[2, 549.851 2, 805.36 tional Rural Housing Coalition, 1346 Con­ up to $650 per month; provided, however, 255.51 necticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. that up to $250 per month of clerk hire­ Sarah S. Austin, Vice President for Field staff-funds may also be used for lease CONCLUSIONS Operations, National Urban Coalition, 2100 equipment. Each district office is entitled All in all, the taxpayers are providing M Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. generous salary, benefits, facilities, and Ronald H. Brown, Director, Washington to lesser amounts of equipment. STAFF ALLOWANCE allowances to Members of Congress. Bureau, National Urban League, 425 13th Whether each of us is giving our district Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. Each Member of Congress is allowed a commensurate degree of service is up Joe Tom Easley, Director, Southern Gov­ up to $204,720 per year to employ stat!. ernmental Monitoring Project and George H. to voters in each of our districts to Esser, Jr. Executive Director, Southern Re­ During 1973 staff in my office was paid decide. gional Council, 52 Fairlee, N.W., Atlanta., $118,285.36; in 1974, $133,303.66. However, at least one aspect of con­ Georgia. MAILING gressional costs poses a national policy Joyce V. Hamlin, Women's Division, Board Members of Congress are permitted to issue-the way these salaries and bene­ of Global Ministeries, United Methodist mail under frank-that is, under their fits are established and raised by back­ Church, 475 Riverside Drive, New York, New own signature-and, in addition, are door methods. I disapprove of this tech­ York. supplied up to $1,140 in postage stamps nique and I, therefore, am renewing my per regular session. As of December 31, call for an open public vote on salaries CONGRESSIONAL SALARIES, BENE­ 1974, my office had been furnished with and allowances. Only then will the pub­ FITS, ALLOWANCES, EXPENSES $910 in postage for the second regular lic, our constituents, have a basis for session, the balance being unclaimed. judging whether we are properly ful­ TELEPHONE filling our trust in this matter. HON. WILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG Each office is permitted to use up to OF COLORADO 200,000 units of long distance telephone IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES service-each minute of long distance service equals 4 units-per Congress. REPORT, VIETNAM FACTFINDING Friday, March 14, 197 5 During 1973-74, my office used 43,711 TRIP, FEBRUARY 24 TO MARCH 3, Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, a few units. Each office is also given access to 1975-THE NORTH VIETNAM­ days ago, a constituent asked me for facts a Federal Telecommunications System SOUTH VIETNAM CONFRONTA­ and figures on the operation of my of­ line, without charge against the unit TION fice. His inquiry prompts me to think allowance, for long-distance telephoning other persons also might be interested before 9 a.m. and after 5 p.m. on week­ • in such information . days and Government holidays. District HON. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, JR. Although Members of Congress should office telephone service consists of full­ OF CALIFORNIA not be preoccupied with administrative time FTS service and commercial tele­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES considerations-certainly it would be phone which is reimbursed up to $600 false economy to pinch pennies at the ex­ per quarter. Friday, March 14, 1975 pense of properly serving our constit­ TRAVEL Mr. McCLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, North uents-! believe each of us has a duty Members of Congress receive reim­ Vietnam and South Vietnam have almost to operate our offices efficiently and fru­ bursement for one round trip between equal populations, roughly 20 million gally. the Member's home district and Wash­ each. South Vietnam's population has For this reason, I have prepared the ington at the beginning of each session. been increasing at the rate of 2.6 percent following infonnation and commentary During each Congress, Members are per­ per year as against a 2.9-percent increase about congressional salaries, benefits, mitted reimbursement for up to 36 addi­ in the North. In 12 years of war, since and allowances generally, and some tional round trips. Each office is also 1963, nearly 1 million North Vietnamese specific details on the operation of my allowed a maximum of 6 round trips for soldiers have been killed as opposed to own office. I plan to make this report staff travel. approximately one-quarter of a million available to residents of the Fifth Con­ During the 93d Congress, I was reim­ South Vietnamese soldiers killed during gressional District who express interest. bursed for 35 round trips-$8,572.87- the same period. 6776 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 14, 1975

1. COM PARISON OF POPULATION, LAND AREA AND [In billions) ment claimed 1,415 enemy KIA's and ECONOMIC STATUS took 26 prisoners during 1973. In 1974, The two countries are likewise nearly Military Economic the regiment suffered 217 KIA and 838 equal in geographical area. South Viet­ WIA, but claimed 2,286 enemy KIA and nam has 60,000 square miles of which Fiscal year: took 34 prisoners. 1976 ______1. 7 .80 An RVNAF army regiment presently about 25 percent is arable, including the 1977 ------1. 5 . 75 fertile delta area of the Mekong River 1978 .------1.1 . 65 serving in Quang Nam Province, south of Danang, in its most recent battle dur­ south of Saigon. North Vietnam has 66,- TotaL______------4. 3------2. 2 000 square miles of which only 15 percent ing the period 6-18 February, suffered 66 KIA, 62 WIA and had 87 men missing. is arable. Note: Total aid to South Vietnam recommended by U.S. South Vietnam has a GNP of $3.5 bil­ Ambassador in order to get the United States out in 3 yrs. $6,500,- Enemy casualties were 180 killed in ac­ lion, as against the North's $2.0 billion. 000 ,000. tion and 7 prisoners taken. The average per capita annual income in The Defense Department, however, has The army division operating in the South Vietnam is roughly $154, while asked for only $1.293 billion in military provinces of Binh Dinh and Phu Yen in North Vietnam's per capita annual in­ assistance to South Vietnam in fiscal South Vietnam's central coastal area, come averages just less than $100. year 1976, plus the $300 million supple­ confronts the NVA Third Division. Dur­ While South Vietnam has suffered an mental now pending for fiscal year 1975. ing 1974, the division suffered 1,162 KIA, 3,327 wounded in action and 215 missing inflation rate of 60 percent in 1973 and 3 . COMPARISON OF CASUALTY FIGURES 40 percent in 1974, · our Ambassador in action, but inflicted enemy casualties stated: During the last 10 years of warfare, of 7,718 KIA, 51 prisoners and 10 who both sides have suffered heavy casualties, With respect to the North, they are far voluntarily surrendered. worse off up there economically than the both military and civilian, but the North One of that division's regiments in South Vietnamese are down here. has ['Uffered far more seriously. U.S. De­ recent operations near Bong Son between 1 fense Department estimates of those January 2 and January 8, suffered 29 During the last 6 months of 1974, the killed in action in South Vietnam are as KIA and 93 WIA as against 317 enemy inflation rate in South Vietnam has been follows: KIA and 1 POW. In a second battle a few reduced to a rate between 8 and 10 per­ days later, the regiment suffered 14 KIA cent. 3rd and 15 WIA but in:fiicted 117 enemy 2. MILITARY AND ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE country United (primarily KIA. Since 1973, our military and economic North South States Korea) While the South Vietnamese Armed assistance to South Vietnam has been as Forces .illion supplemen­ their command structure to create whole In MR's III and IV, during December tal appropriation request is based on its new units of division and regimental 1974, 532 hamlets and 566,676 people were estimate that the South Vietnamese will strength, and they have strengthened transformed into the "V" category. The require nine times as much artillery their road network and logistics support total population in "AB" hamlets ammunition as the North in the event operations to support a 1972-type gen­ dropped 4.5 percent to a total of 72 per­ of a new general offensive such as that of eral offensive. Their young men travel cent, the greatest monthly regression 1972. Most of the supplemental appro­ 600 miles to die in the south. No com­ since the cease-fire. Such population de­ priation is predicated on having a sup­ parable sense of purpose has yet been creased 5.5 percent in MR III and 8.9 ply on hand which will permit the South found in the South Vietnamese people percent in MR IV. Vietnamese to fire 54,000 tons of am­ although many of their combat units Of MR IV's 16 provinces, 9 reported at munition per month as against a maxi­ fight with superb skill, and it is probable least 10 percent of their hamlets as Com­ mum of 6,000 tons per month potentially that 95 percent of the South Vietnamese munist-controlled. to be used by the North. people prefer not to live under a Com­ As a result of the December attacks, As the military pressures tighten, it munist government. •·v" population more than doubled, an seems clear that the South Vietnamese It is thus my conclusion that the increase in 1 month from 350,602 peo­ could lose all or most of at least six tough, rigidly disciplined Communist ple in "V" hamlets to 917,675 people, most provinces in the south and all or most cadres of the North Vietnamese and of it in military regions III and IV. of the northern half of the country. The Khmer Rouge will eventually prevail Thus, by the end of 1974, and before decision rests solely with the North over the type of semi-democratic gov­ the January attacks, 21 percent of the Vietnamese and the question of how ernments we have tried to support in hamlets in MR IV had fallen into the many of their seven reserve divis!ons they South Vietnam and Cambodia. Our "DEV" category, even though the RVNAF choose to commit and where. As territory whole Southeast Asian venture is thus military forces outnumbered their NVA/ is lost, the base for further North Viet­ likely to result in a Communist domina­ VC opponents by 222,397 to 48,000-58,000 namese operations is increased and the tion of Vietnam, as well as Laos and in that region and although NV A/VC potential for a rice-exporting economy Cambodia, within the relatively near KIA's were more than double those of on the part of the South Vietnamese is future. There is one possible chance for RVNAF. correspondingly decreased. The fall of a contrary result. The South Vietnamese Should this deterioration continue, the Cambodia to the Khmer Rouge should are both resilient and pragmatic. They rice harvest upon which South Vietnam's further benefit the NV A/VC efforts can conceivably adjust to a lowered rate economy depends, could be materially against the southern half of South Viet­ of U.S. military and economic assistance diminished. nam. It is my estimate therefore that and manage some sort of transformation CONCLUSION within 3 years there could arise a of their military struggle with the North It is probable that North Vietnamese situation very similar to that of Cam­ into a political struggle. and Vietcong forces will overcome the bodia today with perhaps 80 percent of This might be more likely if Thieu South within 3 years should U.S. econom­ the land and one-third of the popula­ chooses not to run in the August 1975 ic and military aid continue to be reduced tion under Communist control, and a elections, and if the presently frag­ at the rate of the past 3 years-$2.8 to Communist takeover almost inevitable. mented political opposition can be fused 1.73 billion from 1973 to 1974; $1.73 to 1.1 There is no indication of a slackening into a new government which unites the of the North Vietnamese will to reunite South Vietnamese people into a more billion in 1975. Even should U.S. aid be Vietnam, nor of a lack of patience on increased to the levels recommended by effective opposition to communism. I their part as to the time required to ulti­ think this is remotely possible, but not the U.S. Ambassador, it is highly possible mately prevail. While there are increas­ that the same result will occur. probable. ing signs of discontent in the North over Even should a coalition or "third DISCUSSION the hardships of their military commit­ force" government be negotiated, how­ The South Vietnamese military forces ment in the South, there is no indication ever, we should be under no illusion that outnumber those committed by the that their governmental system is unable communist doctrine considers a coali­ North; they are inflicting casualties on to absorb the complaints and problems tion government as anything more than the North at a 2-to-1 ratio; they are out­ involved. a temporary stop on the road to elimina­ shooting the North on a 7-to-1 ratio in Over 155,000 North Vietnamese have tion of all non-Communist elements and artillery ammunition. In addition, they been killed, disabled, or have died of the establishment of complete com­ are employing a small but effective air wounds since ~he January 1973 cease-fire. munist control. force while the North is not. Nevertheless, they continue to exert EXECUTIVE-CONGRESSIONAL FACT-FINDING AND Nevertheless, the North continues to ever-stronger military pressures. Since THE NEED FOR HARD INTELLIGENCE move to infiltrate men south, and con­ the January 1973 cease-fire they have in­ There is an additional problem, how­ tinues to acquire additional territory filtrated an average of at least 10,000 ever, which should be considered. March 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6779 The advice the President is getting experiencing the ultimate check and bal­ bill, and was added at the last minute from his carreer Defense Department ance of a participatory democracy-the by the liberal majority in the all-power­ and State Department people may very judgment of the American people them­ ful House Democratic Caucus. JllSt as a well be distorted because of the fact that selves, reflected, rather than led, by their tax cut without a corresponding reduc­ so many of them have spent so many elected representatives in Congress. tion of spending will worsen inflation, so years a.ttempting to build the new na­ this elimination of the depletion allow­ tion of South Vietnam. Since 1960, many ance will reduce domestic petroleum ex­ of our best military, State Department ploration and production and make us and AID personnel have been engaged TAX REDUCTION ACT more dependent upon foreign oil. in the challenging and exhilarating Anyone with the vaguest knowledge of work of "nation building." Understand­ HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM the petroleum business is aware that ably, they are reluctant to see their without the depletion allowance most in­ work-product collapse or be destroyed. OF CALIFORNIA dependent producers will be forced to Likewise, it is understandable, that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES terminate their operations and sell out when Members of Congress make inquiry Friday, March 14, 1975 to the major companies. If we force this as to the factual situation, they are pre­ Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, due to action, we are in effect, decreasing the ser:ted by executive branch employees an unavoidable schedule conflict, I was number of new oil wells drilled, and mak­ with the most optimistic and supportive not present when the House voted on ing a mockery of attempts at energy self­ facts available to buttress the hopes H.R. 2166, the so-called Tax Reduction sufficiency. Last year, the independents that: first, our long commitment and ef­ Act. I had a long-standing commitment drilled 1,766 new major depth wells, the fort will not be in vain; and second, our to deliver an important address in my majors drilled 110. As far as successful past and present policies have been well district, and the last-minute decision of wells are concerned, 60 percent were thought out and sound. This was cer­ the Democratic Caucus to schedule this drilled by independents. tainly the case in the recent congres­ bill and add the elimination of the deple­ A great many people voted for elimi­ sional delegation's visit to Southeast tion allowance to it was a complete nation of the depletion allowance for Asia. surprise. emotional reasons, thinking they were It therefore seems particul11rly impor­ Had I been present, I would have voted harming the big oil companies and some­ tant that there be an independent source against this bill. I would have voted how causing increased production. Ac­ of hard intelligence information which against it even if the ruinous depletion tually, they were nailing in the coffin of remains completely free of political in­ allowance repeal were not included. the small independent drillers and crip­ fluence, and upon which the Congress I believe that the American people are pling our domestic petroleum produc­ can count for unbiased reporting. As the paying too much in taxes. I think it is a tion. Congress continues to assume new re­ disgrace that Federal, State, and local For all these reasons, Mr. Speaker, I sponsibilities in the foreign policy for­ taxes take up 42 percent of the private would have voted against the Tax Reduc­ mulation process, our need for dispas­ income in this country, and I do not see tion Act. I am convinced that its net re­ sionate intelligence is identical to the how any free society can exist for long on sult will be more inflation and a worsen­ need of the policymakres within-the exe­ such a course. But the only sane way that ing recession. The United States is the cutive branch. The U.S. intelligence com­ we can reduce income tax is to reduce only corporation in the world that is­ munity, and the Central Intelligence expenditures. If this bill provided a $20- sues dividends when it is going bankrupt. Agency in particular, have been struc­ billion tax cut and a $20-billion cut in The only way that economic health is go­ tured by law to be insulated from those Govemment spending, it might make ing to be restored is by a massive reduc­ who have policy responsibility. In my ex­ some sense. But as it stands, it is just tion in Federal spending. Only then will perience and judgment, the CIA has gen­ going to make matters worse. it make sense to give the American peo­ erally done a highly competent job of There is no way on Earth that any of ple their much deserved tax cut. reporting and analyzing intelligence. our economic problems are going to be I think it imperative, therefore, that solved until inflation is brought under current concern over occasional ex­ control. That has got to be our first prior­ OPPOSITION TO AGRICULTURE cesses of zeal on the part of some indi­ ity. Nearly everyone now agrees that you BILL GROWS viduals in the CIA, as well as the proper cannot do this without reducing the size national debate on covert nonintelligence of the Federal deficit, and bringing the missions assigned to the CIA by the Na­ budget into balance. HON. PETER A: PEYSER tional Security Council, not obscure the The budget deficit in 1976, originally OF NEW YORK fact that we need, today more perhaps planned for $52 billion, will probably be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES than at any time in our history, the su­ closer to $80 billion. That is a deficit cal­ Friday, March 14, 1975 perb professional intelligence-gathering culated without thought of a substantial and evaluation service which the CIA drop in revenue. So we are now going to Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, attached has provided. cut taxes and reduce our income by an are statements from farmers and con­ The orientation of career State and additional $20 billion, reflecting the sumer representatives indicating their Defense Department leaders, unlike in­ idiotic idea that the way to balance the opposition to passage of H.R. 4296, the telligence personnel, is toward protecting budget is to increase expenditures and bill recently voted out of the Agriculture American credibility and prestige in Committee. I urge you to give them your decrease income. careful consideration. order to preserve a stable situation with The worst part of the bill passed by our allies. Thus, they argue, we must COTTON TARGET PRICE INCREASE continue to support the Lon Nol and the House may be that it does not help The president of the Arizona Cotton Thieu regimes, so that other nations will the people it should at all-middle class. Growers Association said today that legis­ have confidence that we will not turn our The people who pay this country's bills lation now under consideration in Washing­ and receive almost no benefits from the ton could have a "devastating effect" on the back on them as well. This doctrine has welfare state get very few breaks in this cotton industry, should it be enacted. been appropriate since World War II, but package. Over 42 percent of the middle­ J. S. Francis, Jr., a Peoria cotton ginner it cannot be the cornerstone of our for­ income taxpayers itemize their deduc­ and president of the State's association of eign policy in the future unless the cotton producers, said the bill would increase American people are willing to support tions, and they get no rebates under this the target price to 48 cents per pound in both the expenditures and the policies bill. On the other hand, the bill provides 1975, and the national average loan level to involved. Thus, our diplomats are going a negative income tax-the so-called 40 cents per pound. eamed-income credi~f $3 billion for "On the surface, the measure sounds good to have to understand the reality of do­ people who pay no taxes. These are folks to cotton producers," Francis said. "But it mestic concerns and political attitudes who are going to get rebates in spite clearly is not in the industry's long-term as they weigh the commitments they of the fact that they do not eam enough best interest." ask-and need-the American people to to pay taxes. The House Agriculture Sub-Committee support in future years. voted Thursday to refer the bill to the full The bill also includes the elimina­ Agriculture Committee. Simllar biDs are be­ In Cambodia and in Vietnam, the tion of the oil depletion allowance, a mat­ ing considered in the Senate. State and Defense Departments are now ter which does not belong in a tax-cut Francis said the market-oriented farm 6780 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 14, 1975 program now in effect has proven cotton pro­ DEARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, the Federal treasury of billions of dollars in ducers can earn a profitable income without OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, program payments, for these reasons, enact­ "handouts" from the Federal Government. Washington, D.C. ment of H.R. 4296 would be a painful step "Cotton production has been allowed, in Hon. THOMAS S. FOLEY, backward for both farmers and consumers, recent years, to shift to the most emcient Chairman, Committee on Agriculture, and this Department is very vigorously op­ production areas as a matter of farmer House of Representatives, posed to its passage. choice. Washington, D.C. The omce of Management and Budget ad­ "Freed from legislative production restric­ DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The purpose of this vises that enactment of this piece of legis­ tion. farmers have been quick to alter their letter is to convey the Department's views lation would not be in accord with the objec­ production patterns," he said. "After all, the on H.R. 4296, a bi11 to adjust target prices, tives of the Administration's program. cotton producer understands what farming loan and purchase levels of the 1975 crops Sincerely, adjustments wlll most effectively minimize of upland cotton, corn, wheat and soybeans, EARL L. BUTZ, Secretary. his costs and maximize his emciency, much to provide price support for mllk at 85 per better than some far-removed bureaucrats." centum of parity with quarterly adjust­ POSITION OF THE NATIONAL CONSUMERS CoN­ The Congressional concern and the pro­ ments for the period ending March 31, 1976, GRESS ON THE EMERGENCY FARM ACT, H.R. posed bills are aimed at helping the cotton and for other purposes. 4296 industry, Francis acknowledged, but he The Department opposes enactment of The National Consumers Congress is called the actions mis-guided and m­ this b111. strongly opposed to H.R. 4296 because of its conceived. If the bi11 became effective the established inflationary impact. Increasing the target "Cotton producers have indicated they are price for the 1975 crops of upland cotton, prices to the proposed level for wheat and planning to reduce upland cotton planting corn and wheat would be set at 48 cents corn could perpetuate artificially high fa'l'm in 1975 by about one-third, to nine and a per pound, $2.25 per bushel and $3.10 per and retail prices. In the case of cotton antt hal! million acres. This is in direct response bushel respectively. Furthermore, the Sec­ milk there are more than adequate suppllea to a weak demand for cotton this past year, retary would be required to make available on hand; the proposed legislation would gen­ and producers are shifting to alternative to producers loans and purchases on the erate significantly higher prices resulting in crops which afford prospects for a better 1975 crops at 40 cents per pound for cotton, decreased consumption and decreased farm profit. This is the proper corrective step for $1.87 per bushel for corn and $2.50 per bushel income, coupled with enormous surpluses for the cotton industry . . . the change will for wheat. Given the levels of support pro­ which the taxpayer must bear the burden benefit cotton producers by enabling excess vided for in H.R. 4296, we do not anticipate through increased government purchases. stocks to be brought into better balance and any additional deficiency payments or loan The National Consumers Congress has pre­ price prospects for future years will improve costs for the feed grain and wheat programs pared the following analytical evaluation of if the supply adjustments are made this for 1975. For cotton, however, the Depart­ the Emergency Farm Act (H.R. 4296) for year," he said. ment estimates that H.R. 4296 would in­ members of Congress and consumers. Increasing the target price from its present crease the cost of the 1975 cotton program WHEAT AND CORN level of 38 cents to 48 cents will stimulate by $554 million, excluding possible disaster There has been genuine concern that this the planting of cotton for 1975, according to payments. blll will en<:ourage government intervention Francis. The target price guarantees the If the bill became effective next April 1, farmer a stipulated price for his cotton; if at the target price level. Since such inter­ the beginning of the 1975-76 milk marketing vention would result in high reta.ll prices, the national average selling price of cotton year, it would require a support price esti­ during the year falls below the target price, the low and middle income consumer would mated at $7.90 per hundredweight, an in­ bear a disproportionate burden for the cost the federal government makes a payment to crease of 66 cents per hundredweight over all cotton producers, bringing their price per of food production. the present. support. Furthermore, it would We strongly recommend government inter­ pound up to the target price level. require additional increases every three Enactment of such legislation, according vention at the loan level since this would months thereafter until, by the end of the provide for the appropriate farm subsidy to Francis, could stimulate the planting of year, the support would be an estimated $8.19, another one and a half million acres of cot­ through the progressive tax structure. or 95 cents above the $7.24 support already The proposed target and loan prices for ton. "That's one and a half mtllion acres announced for next year. This is equivalent which wlll be taken e.way from needed food wheat at $3.10 and $2.50 respectively and to increases of over 8 cents per gallon of the target and loan prices for corn at $2.25 production," Francis sa.ld. milk, 10 cents per pound of cheese, and 20 "These additional bales of cotton will be and $1.87 respectively are too high. Since it is cents per pound of butter. Such a large in­ essential to bring these prices in line with in excess of need, and excess production wm crease in the support price is not necessary only further weaken the cotton market supply and demand and the cost of produc­ to assure an adequate supply of milk and tion we strongly urge that the 1976 escalator prices. The weaker prices would, in t.lme, dairy products. In fact, we believe this high make Government payments necessary, mak­ clause be placed into effect for the 1975 crop. level of support would not only be costly to This would prevent the establishment of a ing the cotton producer again dependent on consumers and lower consumption, it would the Treasury, instead of on the supply and new basis for grain price supports. result in large purchases of dairy products If this clause is allowed to operate the tar­ demand market. under the support program and very large "An increase in the loan price to 40 cents get and loan prices for wheat would be $2.50 and expensive government inventories. This and $2.05 respectively and for corn $1.68 and per pound (from 34.25) would immediately would be disastrous to producers and the interfere with the competitiveness of U.S. $1.38 respectively. dairy industry. The purchase cost to CCC Furthermore, the one year duration of this cotton in World markets. With loan prices under this proposal would be an estimated that high, we also would lose competitiveness blll 1s being used to camouflage the real pit­ $162 million higher than the $250 milllon fall that increased target and loan rates in with the polyester market. The final result projected under the present level of support. could well be that the United States once 1975 will serve as an lnfiationary base for The Department estimates the cost associ­ follow-up legislation next year. aga.ln becomes a residual supplier of cotton," ated with H.R. 4296 for 1975 to be $882 mil­ he said. lion, including additional disaster payments. COTTON Francis said that even if the btll is passed No cost estimate can be provided for suc­ The proposal for cotton target pricea and cotton production is increased by the ceeding years because the blll, as written should be deleted from the bill since the projected one and a hal! million acres, there applies to 1975 only. The Department would target price is substantially higher than the will be little benefit to Arizona's cotton like to point out, however, that 1f the prices current market price. Thus, if enacted, cot­ producers. provided for in this bill are escalated in 1976 ton farmers would be encouraged to plant "Only about a five percent increase could and 1977 as provided for in the Agricultural only for government consumption. be expected here in the west, against about Act of 1973, the cost could exceed $5.0 billion Enough cotton-6 million bales--is now in a 60 percent increase in the southeastern by 1977. reserve to supply all domestic needs for 1975, states," he said. and another million bales likely will be added "There are several reasons for this: a Farm exports have increased in value from $8 billlon in 1972 to $21.3 billlon in 1974, to this supply this year at current prices. greater lead time is required for irrlgated Many Western growers are in fact opposed to farming; Western growers have already made and we are estimating exports valued at more than $22 billion in fiscal year 1975. The high this bill because of the excess supplies it their decisions to go to other crops and in would create. many cases have contracted them ahead of guaranteed prices established by H.R. 4296 would allow foreign competition to undercut Furthermore, declining demand has been time; and we plant earlier here in Arizona widened by the 35 percent reduction in U.S. than anywhere else, except the lower Rio our prices and !orce the U.S. into the posi­ cotton consumption between Ja.nua.ry 1974 Grande area of Texas." tion of a. residual supplier. We certainly do and January 1975. Confirmation of this Francis is urging cotton producers in Ari­ not want to return to the 1960's type farm diminishing demand is highlighted by the zona to immediately contact their legisla­ programs where export subsidies were neces­ decision of cotton farmers to reduce this tors and assist in opposing the btll. sary to make certain U.S. crops competitive year's planting by some 9.5 million acres, or in world markets. 32 percent. THE VIEWS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF H.R. 4296 would deny farmers the incen­ H.R. 4296 is expected to add $45 million to AGRICULTURE tive to produce commodities needed in the retail cotton costs. (This figure is based upon The Department of Agriculture opposes marketplace, causing them instead, to pro­ a 9 cents per pound increase paid for raw the enactment of H.R. 4296 for the reasons duce for Government payments. It could cotton multiplied by the 4,988 million pounds set forth in the following report: force cropland out of production and drain of current production.) March 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6781 Finally, an increase in loan supports and from a man who, like I, has not sup­ The dairy farmer does not control the price target prices would undoubtedly weaken the ported the interests of rural America, he receives for his product. While inflation already endangered competitive status of U.S. but has supported mass transit, mini­ has continually and insidiously raised his cotton in world markets. mum wage, OSHA, legal services, land cost of production, government policy in DAIRY recent years has almost never set a price use, and consumer protection legislation. support level for milk that will insure him We find the proposed increase in the sup­ I have received a Dear Colleague let­ port price of milk to 85 percent of parity with a profit. quarterly adjustments to be economically ter suggesting, in part, that the dairy In 1973, for example, it cost the average unsound. Commercial stocks of manufac­ section should be opposed because it will Wisconsin dairy farmer with a herd of less tured dairy products are at an all-time high increase prices somewhat. Let me point than 50 cows, $7.75 to produce a hundred­ (up 21 percent over last year). Government out to you that minimum wage legisla­ weight of milk for which he received $6.78 purchases of dairy products, to maintain the tion, OSHA legislation, and environ­ under the federal support program. While January rise in the support price, are four mental legislation all have increased his income improved some during early 1974, times greater than they were last year. In costs somewhat but we have voted for it has been on the decline ever since, and in short, the market is glutted, and an artifi­ my state in January, 1975, average price re­ cial price increase will only make the situa­ them because they are in the national ceived was back down to $6.80 a hundred­ tion worse. interest and because we recognize that weight. Raising the support price will adversely in the workplace and in the environ­ Needless to say, the cost factors that affect dairy farmers in the long run by de­ ment the situation is similar to agricul­ totaled $7.75 in 1973 have continued to spiral creasing the demand for their product. The ture--there is no free lunch. since then, so that the Wisconsin dairy 16 percent rise in retail prices in 1974 re­ I hope Members will read the follow­ farmer is losing more money now than ever. sulted in a 6.5 percent drop in per capita ing and then agree with me that it is in As a result, thousands of them are attempt­ consumption of milk and a 2 percent drop in the consumers' interest to support the ing to sell off their herds and get out of the consumption of dairy products. The USDA dairy business. estimates that consumption of milk and dairy section of that farm bill. In January of this year, after the Presi­ milk products will decrease by one billion Senator NELSON's statement follows: dent vetoed a bill passed overwhelmingly by pounds if this b111 is passed. U.S. SENATE, the Congress that would have increased price The rationale that dairy fa.rmer's costs have Washington, D.C. supports to 85 percent, the Department of risen dramatically is also questionable. The The important question that faces our na­ Agriculture did readjust the figure set April, USDA's January price support increase was tion in terms of the dairy price support pro­ 1974, to once again represent 80 percent of based largely on feed costs which peeked in posals now before the House is simply this: parity in January, 1975. October and November but which have since Can we continue government policies that But the Department also announced then dropped 30 percent. appear almost certain to result in this na­ that it would not make another price sup­ On the retail level, this action would result tion's losing self-sufficiency in what repre­ port adjustment until April 1, 1976. in an increase of 8 cents per gallon for milk, sents 25 percent of its food supply? Even now the 80 percent January adjust­ 10 cents per pound for cheese, and 20 cents The importance of that question prompts ment is delivering very little help to the hard­ per pound for butter. This would mean a cost me to impose upon your good graces to set pressed Wisconsin dairy farmer. It should of $953 million to consumers for three main forth the dimensions of the crisis facing mean that he will receive $7.10 a hundred­ dairy products, which does not take into America's dairy farmers and the importance, weight for about 75 percent of the milk pro­ account an additional $162 million that therefore, of passing the proposed legislation. duced in the state. In actuality, in January would be spent in direct government pur­ The American dairy farmer is !aced with he received less than that. chases. For consumers, the total cost of this an economic crisis that is bankrupting him, The question naturally arises then, why legislation would be 1.15 billion dollars. and unless that crisis is resolved, our grand­ and how do dairy farmers stay in business. There has been considerable talk about the children, as one expert put it, may have to The answer is two-fold: thousands of them decline last year in the federally announced take their children to zoos to see dairy cows. are not--they are getting out as fast as they price for milk to be paid farmers. However, That is not an exaggeration. Since 1951, can, at a rate that has farm auctioneers in the Congress should know that as the federal 60.3 percent of the nation's dairy farmers Wisconsin booked for months ahead; and price declined, premium prices over the fed­ have quit. In the 1969 to 1973 period, 56 per­ those who are remaining in business do so eral price demanded by giant dairy co-ops cent quit. In Wisconsin alone, the number of by asking their families to make sacrifices (over-order premiums) increased in such dairy herds decreased from 132,000 in 1951 to that would be unheard of in other industries. a way that the actual pay price to farmers just over 53,000 at the end of 1974. That is how the farmer subsidizes the con­ and cost of milk to consumers remained The number of milk cows in the United sumer. constant. States has decreased by almost 10 percent Other countries have recognized this prob­ Furthermore, an increase in the support since 1969. Most distressing, our national lem and have acted to assure themselves of price to 80 percent of parity with quarterly milk production is decllning at a rate that viable dairy industries with their farmers adjustments, is also unacceptable since it indicates, according to a University of Illi­ assured of a liveable income. Canada, for ex­ would result in unacceptably high retail nois study, that we will no longer be self­ ample, from October of last year set price prices and surplus. sufficient in the production of dairy products supports at $9.41 a hundredweight and has as early as 1980. just now increased that to $10.12. The Com­ The American consumer must be made to mon Market, which adjusts the rate from understand that unless we institute a con­ nation to nation, has had an average support structive policy for our dairy farmers that level of $8.10 per cwt., increased that to $8.59 SENATOR GAYLORD NELSON MAKES does away with boom and bust by putting a on February 1, and announced a further in­ SENSE IN DAIRY PRICES floor under their income, consumers will one crease to $8.99 for September 16, 1975. day, and soon, be faced either with massive American dairy farmers' wage earnings dairy shortages or exhorbitant prices for are a scandal. If the farmers went on strike HON. DAVID R. OBEY those dairy products that are available. and properly told their story, their cause OF WISCONSIN As the expert who predicted the zoo situ­ would have the enthusiastic support of or­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ation added, "The nation will take another ganized labor, the nation's clergy, and even notch in its belt because the source of 25 substantial portions of the nation's press. Friday, March 14, 1975 percent of the food supply will have van­ Certainly at the present support level, the Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, before Mem­ ished." average dairy farm will be forced to quit pro­ bers make up their minds on the farm For too long all of us have taken fot duction. Not all of his cows will go out of bill, I hope they will read the following granted the abundance of food at low prices production, but the rate at which farmers that American farmers have provided us. We are quitting and cows are leaving production, statement from Senator GAYLORD have not realized that the miracle of pro­ it is apparent that consumers are in for NELSON. duction was made possible not only through trouble. We can lose self-sufficiency, we can Wisconsin is a state of 4% milllon the productive genius of our farmers, but destroy the productive capacity for 25 per­ people, but there are only 50,000 farms by their willingness to subsidize the rest cent of the nation's food. in the State. In my own district of 500,- of us in the process. Other than the critical loss of 25 percent 000 people, I represent only 12,000 dairy That is right--the American dairy farmer of our food, the general public would suffer farmers, so my consumers far outnum­ has been subsidizing the American consumer. otherwise if our dairy industry is destroyed. ber my farmers, but I want to share with He has done that by working longer hours Our dairy farms earn $1.3 billion each year, you some good, solid, proconsumer rea­ than the rest of us, by accepting a lower which in turn generates an additional $47 return on his investment than any other billion in the gross national product. Every­ sons for supporting the dairy provision continuing segment of American business, one of the 490,000 dairy farms in the nation of the agriculture bill we will be voting and by pressing himself and his family into generates an additional five jobs in related on next week. a labor team that is the lowest paid in the industries, a total of 2Y:z million jobs The following statement of Senator nation. throughout the country that could be NELSON's is the best statement on dairy Several facts dramatize this situation all jeopardized. problems I have seen. It is a statement too well: There are encouraging signs that Ameri- 6782 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 14, 1975 can consumers and their representatives in isn't available in center-city offices. Specifi­ Before planning his first office park, Ford Congress are beginning to understand their cally: had built 30 tnt-up-slab industrial buildings own personal stake in these matters. The Employees can work close to home. The on individual lots for tenants needing a com­ huge majority in the Congress that sup­ average distance from home to office is just bination of office, research and assembly fa­ ported the 85 percent parity bill late last eight miles for the 700 persons who work at cilities. All were heavily landscaped and year points to this. Renewed interest of 3000 Sand Hill Road, a five-building office several won prizes for environmental design urban representatives to serve on the con­ park with 60 tenants located 30 minutes in communities that rarely make such gressional committees on agriculture give ad­ south of San Francisco in Menlo Park. awards for industrial construction. ditional testimony. And for some, home is right next door. The Regardless of the scope of an office devel­ That is promlsing, but time is of the es­ center is ringed by some 200 townhouses, oper's program, chances are he'll have to face sence. If we do not stabilize our dairy in­ and it is part of a prestigious residential the question of whether to include recrea­ dustry by providing an income floor, our suburb to which some executives have moved tional facilities. dairy farmers will be forced to quit. That after signing long-term leases for office space RECREATION: ARE TENNIS BALLS AND ADDING would be an outright disaster for them per­ in the park. MACHINES A VIABLE MIX? sonally. It would be an absolute catastrophe Driving and parking are easier. Besides for the American consumer. the convenience of shorter distances to work At first glance the idea of providing rec facilities in office buildings makes good sense. GAYLORD NELSON, and the absence of heavy city traffic, subur­ U.S. Senator. ban office workers can park right next to An in-house health club saves time for their office doors, and they can park free. suburban executives who might otherwise Suburban offices tend to be near airports. travel to a country club at lunch time. And Woodruff Construction Co.'s new 105,000- it gives other office personnel an amenity sq.-ft. office building in Burlingame, Calif. that normally they would have neither the TO SAVE 1 MILLION BARRELS OF time nor funds for. So office recreation facili­ Oll.ADAY (see p. 105), is so close to the San Francisco airport that tenants and their visitors can ties should help hold down employee turn­ ride to planes in five minutes on the courtesy over. But what to install is still largely a guess­ HON. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, JR. buses that serve surrounding hotels. Says ing game for most developers. general manager Dan Ross: "The airport is OF CALIFORNIA one of our strongest drawing cards." Dan Ross sums up the dilemma: "You IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES can't create a party atmosphere or you'll Employees can work in more attractive destroy the working environment. Yet you Friday, March 14, 1975 surroundings. "Get away from the noise and want enough recreation to attract people. congestion of the inner city" is the sales Mr. McCLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, I think How far do you go?" pitch of the suburban office developer, and it Ross's Burlingame center contains a sauna we politicians forget sometimes that the can be a very effective one. Densities are and gym which are used mainly by female strength and wisdom of America is quite lower in the suburbs; site coverage of less. clerical workers at lunch time. says Ross: often found not here in Washington, but than 50% is not uncommon. In fact, Max "Prospective tenants are intrigued." in the quiet commonsense of ordinary Kaplan's 65-acre Park Ten office park (see p. Tom Ford's Sand Hill Road complex offers citizens who see a national problem, and 103) is planned to offer 79% open space. a single rec amenity: a sand volleyball court, Suburban office design is less institution­ which grew out of need demonstrated by the set themselves to try to solve a small al-looking than downtown buildings, lean­ portion of it in their own daily lives. office workers. During the project's early ing more and more toward residential design. stages, younger employees would set up a I am privileged to have a quiet, humble Inexpensive tilt-up concrete and tarred-roof volleyball net in an empty parking area and patriot in my hometown. He has suc­ constructwn is giving way to brick and play a few games at lunchtime. As buildings ceeded in developing various land and stained-wood ex.teriors, woodshake roofs with were completed and filled, the makeshift business ventures, and as the energy deep overhangs, private patios and balconies, volleyball court became increasingly hazard­ crisis became apparent, he took some conversation pits and wood-burning fire­ ous to other employees and their cars, so personal steps with respect to his own places. Ford finally installed a sand court on the Landscaping is played to the hilt both out­ perimeter of the project. Sand Hill also over­ business operations which if C'onducted side and inside, in paved plazas with pools nationally, might well save the 1 million looks an 18-hole, country-club golf course, and fountains, in sodded lawns with mature which executives with the means and a barrels of oil a day that we have ac­ transplanted shade trees, in rustic embellish­ membership can use. But Ford doesn't attach cepted as a new national goal. I am ments like railroad ties for defining planters great importance to rec amenities. placing his description of these steps in and parking areas, and particularly in en­ "They're probably a factor in attracting the RECORD at this point, hoping it will closed skylighted atriums. tenants," he says, "but I'm not sure of their serve others the same renewed faith and Suburban offices also attract tenants be­ effect in reducing tenant turnover." hope that his actions have given me: cause, for the moment, rents are lower than However, other developers are making rec­ in downtown buildings. In some areas the reational amenities a key feature in new [Excerpted from House & Home, October difference is substantial. For example, Koger 1974] office complexes. Quincy Lee's Conroy Properties offices in the Jacksonville, Fla., Square, for example, is built around two SUBURBAN OFFICE BUILDINGS suburbs rent for $6 to $6.25 a sq.-ft. annually, tennis courts. The complex also includes a If you're thinking of moving into commer­ compared with $8 to $8.50 for new offices in whirlpool bath, gymnasiums and saunas. cial development .. .· the healthiest market downtown Jacksonville. Kaplan & Associates plans to convert a in your area may be suburban office build­ But in other areas older downtown office 15,000-sq.-!t. mansion to a tennis club and ings. And right now, leasing up well-designed space costs no more than new suburban restaurant for the office tenants of 65-acre and well-located suburban offices may be a space, particularly in cities like Los Angeles Park Ten. The old mansion sits on a h111 at lot easier than selling houses. and Dallas where downtown vacancy rates the edge of the park site. The demand 1s there. People who live in run 15% and higher. So convenience and Some prospective tenants voice mixed feel­ the suburbs prefer to work in the suburbs, environment, rather than lower rents, are ings about such elaborate recreational attrac­ much to the detriment of office buildings often the basic reasons for office moves to tions. Says one early tenant at Conroy downtown. Says one long-time apartment the suburbs. Square: "I wondered how much work some of builder, recently turned suburban-omce To achieve more of this self-sufficiency, my executives, including myself, could get builder. "Give -people a great-looking and most suburban office developers lean to­ done with short-skirted tennis players per­ convenient place to work close to home, and wards the multi-building center. forming outside the window. But the basic you can't help but make it in this market." OFFICE PARKS HAVE A BIG EDGE OVER idea of combining work with play has merit, HousE & HoME visited several new subur­ INDIVIDUAL BUILDINGS so we decided to give it a try." ban office complexes, talked to their devel­ Suburban office developers know that de­ Suburban office developers still have a opers, and found some interesting things choice when it comes to recreation. But eat­ happening. In particular, the office park 1s veloping parks is more rewarding than doing becoming a real community, with ameni­ single buildings. A park provides the secu­ ing facilities are another matter. ties-including recreation-that would put rity of a long-term development program, MOST OFFICE CAFETERIAS LOSE MONEY, BUT YOU to shame some of the best-designed residen­ plus the opportunity to create an attractive MAY NEED ONE ANYWAY tial projects. environment on a large scale. Tom Ford's restaurant--in a separate Here, then, is a close look at the business Developer Tom Ford phased the five-build­ building at the center of his park-was not of building suburban offices and how it might ing Sand Hill park, his first office venture, to even included in the original site plan. His work for you. coincide with the construction of the sur­ four office buildings were supposed to over­ WHY SUBURBAN OFFICES DO WELL: THEY ATTRACT rounding townhouse development. look some landscape feature like a fountain AND HOLD EMPLOYEES "I did one building at a time to see how or garden. The attraction sterns from a combination they would go," says Ford. "As each one But prospective tenants complained about of convenience and environment that just proved successful, I'd start another." the lack of restaurants in the vicinity. So March 14, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6783 Ford had to consider building one and even­ from 50c to slightly over 54c a sq.-ft. annu­ 3. Reset time clocks to reduce hours of op­ tually was forced to guarantee it. ally throughout the company's 17 markets. eration. Even though two of Ford's larger tenants Standard lease lengths are three to five b. Foret Land Company Offices. We started provide lunchrooms for their own employ­ years. And most leases written these days in late 1973 and reduced the light level in ees, the restaurant has become a key service contain escalation clauses to pass future our own otnces by 40 %, first as an experiment for Sand Hill office workers--and a manage­ rises in operating costs along to tenants. in adjusting to greatly reduced light levels ment headache for Ford. Initially, he ran the Current tenants are also prime sources of and secondly to set an example. We bought restaurant with his own staff; then he tried referrals. But referrals--and for that mat­ a light meter so we could be sure that proper two concessionaires. The first failed finan­ ter, repeat business--depend. heavily on the light levels (minimum of 60 to 70 foot can­ cially in a few months because it served quality of building management. dles) are maintadned over desks and other meals that were too fancy for the clientele, MANAGEMENT: DO IT YOURSELF IF YOU WANT work stations. and the second eventually quit the office­ REFERRALS AND RENEWALS c. Tenant Offices. We started checking restaurant business. So now the job is back tenant spaces and found many instances of All developer/owners agree: Continued light levels above 150 foot candles. We learned in Ford's lap. This time, however, he has success in the suburban otnce business takes hired a full-time restaurant manager. to approach the highest level person in each in-house management, with emphasis on fest otnce suite and review our program and One Park Ten and the Burlingame center service and faultless maintenance. each have cafeteria/ coffee shops leased to enlist support for lower light levels. We re­ "Two jobs I don't delegate," say Tom Ford, duced light levels in all general otnce spaces mom:-and-pop-type operators. They pay only "are supervision of landsca.pe ma.J.ntenance space rental to the owner. an<" corridors. If desks are temporarily un­ and tenant service." Ford's permanent omces occupied, we reduce the llghting with an In Burlingame a cafeteria was needed not are in his Sand Hill center, where he can re­ because nearby restaurants are lacking but agreement to reinstall lamps when the desks spond quickly to air-conditioner breakdowns, are occupied. Our program with respect to because they are too expensive. stopped-up plumbing and the like. He keeps "Clerical people and even some of the ex­ light levels is a continuing one as we find an eye on landscaping maintenance because more and more areas where we can reduce ecutives couldn't afford to eat in those places the main appeal of his complex is its en­ every day,'' says Dan Ross. "We had to Pt:O­ lighting as we all adjust to lower light levels vide a low-cost eating place of our own." vironment. and more attention is focused on energy con­ "My referrals oome from two sources," says servation as a national policy. Except for Complexes with less than 100,000 sq.-ft. Ford. "From existing tenants who are happy can't support a hot-lunch cafeteria. And even rare instances, cooperation has been excel­ in large centers, the cafeteria business is so with the service and from visitors who are lent. If you can get lights lowered in the impressed with the landscaping." president's otnce, you've got it made. If the marginal that the operators often don't make Tom Perkins tried managing otnces with money enough to pay full rent. president resists or is not energy conscious, The Quincy Lee Co.'s apartment manage­ it becomes very ditncult to get cooperation. LEASING UP: DO IT YOURSELF, AND DON'T SPARE ment staff, which handles several thousand THE SHOE LEATHER Incidentally, one of our most cooperative multifamily units in Houston, Austin, tenants was General Electric, whose business Office developers generally agree that real Corpus Christi and San Antonio. But, he is selling lights. estate brokers aren't much help in leasing says, "it didn't work. We needed better con­ d. Security. We have not reduced interior new suburban buildings. trol of our relationships with tenants than or exterior security lighting in any way. We Woodruff Construction's Dan Ross regu­ the apartment people are accustomed to added a new duty for our night-time guard larly solicits the help of brokers but finds having with theirs. So we set up a separate which is to patrol all buildings and make they account for only a small percentage of management staff for the otnce bu1ldings." sure llghts are turned out when tenants leave. his tenants. Dan Ross and Jim Millikan concur. Says Our prior guard service did not take these Park Ten's Jim Millikan, an office-leasing Millikan: "You have to keep management duties seriously, and we replaced them with and management specialist, has had even in-house not only to respond fast to tenants' another guard service that is fully coopera­ less success with brokers in San Antonio. He complaints but to assure the tenant that he tive. explains: "Until recently, there hasn't been has close oontact with the owner:" Both Ross e. Results. Our efforts to lower light levels enough office development in San Antonio and Millikan function as leasing-, mainte­ resulted in a reduction in electrical usage to support brokers who specialize in office nance- and tenant-service directors during by more than 25% in 1974 in comparison to leasing. Our local brokers are knowledgeable the leeseup period and then install a full­ 1973. only in residential and land sales. The otnce time mana.ger on the premises. specialists stick to larger cities like Dallas "Conscientious service is the only we.y to ll. REDUCTION IN AIR CONDITIONING and Houston." generate repeat business, referrals and lease a. Time Clocks. First of all, we removed Quincy ~e·s Tom Perkins adds: "Brokers renewals from your present tenants," says our air conditioning time clocks from the are only helpful if they happen to have con­ Ford, "and no one but the owner has the attic mechanical rooms to a convenient first nections." strong desire it takes to work that hard.''­ floor location. This made it more feasible to And of 2,100 Koger Properties leases, only H. CLARKE WELLS. shut off and reactivate the air conditioning 13 are commissionable to brokers. system for full or partial holida.ys. So, the experts agree, there's just one b. Economizer. In January 1975 we in­ effective way to lease new omce space: knock­ ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM-MENLO stalled an economizer on our air conditioning ing on doors. PARK, CALIF. system in Building 2 on an experimental Developer Tom Ford, formerly active as a (By T. W. Ford) basis. This enables us to cool the building :eal estate broker, has spent 15 years in help­ Description: 16 acre otnce park. with natural outside air when outside tem­ ing companies relocate to new otnces. He en­ Developer: Ford Land Company. peratures are below 60". At outside air tem­ couraged other brokers to help him lease the Total project square footage: 180,000. peratures between 60" and 70" we continue 180,000 sq.-ft. in his new Sand Hill center­ Daytime population: 700 ='ersons. to use outside air for cooling with the air even paying their commissions the day each Number of buildings: Four otnce build- conditioning equipment operating at reduced deal was closed. Nevertheless, his first tenant ings and restaurant. load because it is easier to cool 60" to 70" out­ was his next door neighbor, and his second Number of tenants: 55. side air than 70" plus recirculated air. Initial was an old friend. Principal tenants: experience with the economizer indicates Preleasing campaigns are important for Envirotech Corporation, Corporate Head­ winter-time energy savings of more than 20% lining up national tenants, particularly when quarters. and estimated year around savings of more the leasing agent can show his company's Allstate Insurance Company, Pacific Zone than 12%. It is a thrill to see the air con­ track record and a portfolio of its buildings. Office. ditioning compressors idle with mother na­ But for the average local tenant in the 1,500- Oroweat Foods Company, Corporate Head­ ture cooling the building. Why wasn't the sq.-ft. range, preleasing shouldn't be started quarters. system designed to use outside air in the too early. Sunmaid Raisin Growers, Marketing Of­ first place? It requires more sophisticated Says Dan Ross: "Local tenants often can't fices. controls and therefore greater initial cost and visualize what a building will look like from U.S. Natural Resources, Corporate Head­ our buildings were construced during a pe­ plans the way a national tenant can. So we quarters. riod when energy ava1lability and cost were don't start a preleasing program for them I. REDUCTION IN LIGHTING unimportant compared to initial cost of con­ until the building is under roof and they can Since it is estimated that for each watt of struction. actually walk through it." lighting, an additional one-half watt is re­ c. Precooling. In summertime we will ex• Current monthly rentals-including car­ quired for air conditioning to cool the heat periment with precooling. At the end of each pet, drapes, lights, heating/cooling, security generated by the lights, there is actually a summer day, there is a significant heat build­ and five-day janitorial service-vary from 150% benefit from each light removed. up in the buildings. Since our air condition­ 55c a sq.-ft. at One Park Ten in the San a. Public Space (corridors and lobbies)- ing systems are usually turned off between Antonio suburbs to more than 70c at 3000 1. Reduced light levels. 5:30 and 6:00 p.m. the heat continues to Sand Hill Road in suburban Menlo Park. 2. Converted incandescent lights to more build up as the late summer sun strikes the Koger Properties rents are lower, ranging efficient fluorescent lights. bulldings. By circUlating cool outside air 6784 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE March 17, 1975 through the buildings in the early morning, energy self-sufficiency for the United States Our savings become even more significant in we may be able to remove the heat buildup which, if followed throughout the country, view of projected increases in energy costs in from the prior day without using the air con­ will enable us to achieve our goals for energy the future. Energy conservation efforts are ditioning equipment. self-sufficiency at a much earlier date than not without initial cost in terms of manage· III. ADVANTAGES OF OUR ENERGY CONSERVATION would otherwise be possible. ment time, scheduling for lamp removal, rna· PROGRAM d. In terms of actual dollars and cents, our terial cost in replacing incandescent lamp~ a. An aggressive energy conservation pro­ energy costs were higher in 1974 than in with fluorescents, and labor in undertaking gram will reduce operating expenses for the 1973 despite our major reduction in usage, the actual work. Obviously, the long-term owner and eventually for the tenant whose reflecting that our average cost per kilowatt benefits make the program very worthwhile. rent must cover these costs. hour for electricity increased from 1.6¢ to e. In terms of kilowatt hours, our light b. It focuses attention on a national prob­ 2.1¢. Nevertheless, ha.d we not done any­ reduction program alone has resulted in sav­ lem and makes everyone more energy con­ thing, we would have spent an additional ing of more than 3000 kilowatt hours per scious. $18,000 in 1974 for electricity which amounts day. c. It is a tiny step in the direction of to 10¢ per square foot of our gross floor area. January 28, 1975.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Monday, March 17, 1975 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. The call was taken by electronic de­ threat of an oil embargo. But they have The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, vice, and the following Members failed ample access to Russian weapons. There D.D., offered the following prayer: to respond: is a stalemate, but it is doubtful that \[Roll No. 54] either side will start a war. The Lord is good to all; and His tender Abdnor Ford, Tenn. Rangel On the other hand, things are going mercies are over all His works.-Psalms Addabbo F~r Riegle from bad to worse in Indochina. Congress 45: 9. Alexander Gibbons Roncalto will not give meaningful help to Cam­ 0 God, our Father, who opens the gates AndDews, N.C. Gilman Rosenthal Ashley Goldwater Runnels bodia or South Vietnam. Millions of peo­ of the morning and calls us to the work Beard, R.I. Goodling Ruppe ple and their great productive capacity of a new day, we commit our lives and Bell Ha.llkin Russo are drifting into the Communist orbit. our work unto Thee in the glad assur­ Bergland Harrington Scheuer Negotiations there may offer only a ance that Thou art with us always and Blagg! Hastings Sisk Boland Hebert Skubitz small measure of hope. Mr. Kissinger all the way seeking to bring to a happy Brademas Hungate Stanton, may be reluctant to become involved fruition Thy purposes for our Nation Buchanan Jarman JamesV. again in Indochina's affairs. He well re­ and for all mankind. Burgener Kasten Steiger, Wis. Burke, Calif. LaFalce Stokes members the shambles which came from In these troubled times which try our Burke, Fla. Landrum Talcott the cease-fire. It was obtained from the souls as we endeavor to solve the prob­ Byron Lujan Traxler Communists after long years of difficult lems that confront us, give us the cour­ Casey McClory Ullman bargaining. The agreement has not been age and the confidence which will make Chisholm McKinney Waggonner Collins, Dl. Macdonald Waxman kept by the Communists. There is no real us worthy of the positions we hold and Conyers Madigan Weaver reason to trust them now. He is appre­ the work we have to do to keep our Na­ Cotter Mathis Wilson, hensive that if he moves away from the tion great in goodness and good in great­ Derwinski Matsunaga Charles H., Diggs Metcalfe Calif. Middle East, Russia will move in. This ness. Dodd Mills Wilson, will not be to the advantage of either Is­ There are those who are delighted to Eckhardt Moorhead, Pa. Charles, Tex. rael or the United States. It is a difficult wear the green on this St. Patrick's Day. Edwards, Ala. Nowak Wolff Esch O'Brien Young, Ga. choice; but it may be the only hope for May we also take delight in wearing the Evans, Ind. Pattison, N.Y. Zeferetti Cambodia or even for South Vietnam. red, white, and blue every day of our Flowers Peyser That in itself should be a compelling lives. Amen. Flynt Railsback reason for Mr. Kissinger to return to the The SPEAKER. On this rollcall 348 maze of Indochina. Members have recorded their presence by THE JOURNAL electronic device, a quorum. The SPEAKER. The Chair has exam­ By unanimous consent, further pro­ PERMISSION FOR COMMITI'EE ON ined the Journal of the last day's pro­ ceedings under the call were dispensed ARMED SERVICES AND ITS SUB­ ceedings and announces to the House his with. COMMITI'EES TO PROCEED WITH approval thereof. HEARINGS DURING 5-MINUTE Without objection, the Journal stands RULE TODAY approved. MR. KISSINGER IS NEEDED Mr. STRA'ITON. Mr. Speaker, I ask There was no objection. ELSEWHERE unanimous consent that the Committee