July 28, 2020 7490

Jeff O’Connor HomeFed Corporation 1903 Wright Place, Suite 220 Carlsbad, 92008

Subject: 2020 Focused Hermes Copper Survey Report for the Proposed Fanita Ranch Project, City of Santee, San Diego County, California

Dear Mr. O’Connor:

This letter report documents the 2020 results of a focused survey conducted by Dudek biologists for the proposed listed Hermes copper ( hermes; Hermes). This survey was conducted for the Fanita Ranch project (Fanita), located in the City of Santee, California. The Fanita Planned Development proposes two villages and an open space “preserve,” which extends through Fanita, separating the villages and linking natural areas adjoining Fanita to one another. The entire project boundary contains approximately 165 acres (approximately 149 acres includes both larval and nectar species) of Hermes-suitable habitat that was surveyed in 2020.

Hermes is a butterfly that is currently proposed to be listed as federally threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS 2020). The Hermes copper butterfly is a small-sized (1–1.25 inches) butterfly found in San Diego County, California, and northwestern Baja California, Mexico. Females deposit eggs exclusively on spiny redberry () and can diapause for a year, which may help this species survive droughts (Marschalek and Deutschman 2015). Eggs are laid singly on twigs of the host plant (Edwards 1870). Two-thirds of their lifespan is spent in the egg stage (USFWS 2020). Adult are active from May through July. California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum) is utilized as a primary source of nectar, although other nectar sources may also provide equivalent and or supplemental nutrition for the butterfly (USFWS 2020). Hermes need unfragmented patches of habitat suitable for reproduction to occur and are considered to have limited dispersal abilities. Wind may play a role in movement (Deutschman at al. 2011). Wildfire can also affect habitat suitability for Hermes for 20 years or more and is considered particularly detrimental to Hermes (USFWS 2010; Marschalek and Deutschman 2008) since they diapause on the spiny redberry plant. Project Location and Existing Conditions

Fanita Ranch, including the alignment of Fanita Parkway south to Carlton Oaks Boulevard, the Cuyamaca Street extension, and the disjunct ownership along the western boundary of Santee Lakes, is situated in the northwestern portion of the City of Santee in western San Diego County, California (Figure 1, Regional Map). The site is bordered by the Sycamore Canyon County Park and other protected open space to the north and east, by residential development to the south and east, and by vacant land on Marine Corps Air Station Miramar to the west. The property lies approximately 3 miles northeast of State Route 52. The site occupies portions of Township 15 South, Range 1 West, projected Sections 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 16, 17, 20, and 21 on the San Vicente Reservoir, El Cajon, La Mesa, and Poway West U.S. Geological Survey 7.5-minute quadrangle maps.

7490 1 July 2020 Mr. Jeff O’Connor Subject: 2020 Focused Hermes Copper Survey Report for the Proposed Fanita Ranch Project, City of Santee, County of San Diego, California

Elevations range from about 320 feet above mean sea level in the southern end of Fanita Parkway to approximately 1,204 feet above mean sea level in the northeastern corner of the site. The project site contains a series of northeast- to southwest-trending hills and valleys that form a transition between the relatively low, flat Sycamore Canyon on the western end of the site and the foothills of the Peninsular Range to the east. Numerous large rock outcrops are also present on site, particularly in the northern and northeastern portions of the property.

Soils on site consist of Redding series; Wyman loam; sandy loams soils of the Cieneba series, Las Posas series, Las Flores loamy fine sand, and Visalia gravelly sandy loam; clay-loam soil series, including Linne clay loam and Salinas clay loam; Diablo-Olivenhain complex; and Bosanko clay (USDA 2016).

The project site has been subject to a number of fires over its known history. These fires typically have been large scale, burning a majority of the project site in 2003 and, over time, causing vegetation-type coverage fluctuations and resulting in distributional changes of suitable habitat for various sensitive species. Vegetation Communities

Based on species composition and general physiognomy, 16 vegetation communities, 12 sub-communities or intergraded communities, and 2 land-cover types were identified on the Fanita property and off-site mapping areas. Their acreages are presented in Table 1. Approximately 165 acres of Hermes-suitable habitat were mapped on the project site within coastal sage scrub communities. Coastal sage scrub communities were mapped in accordance with Holland (1986) and Oberbauer et al. (2008), as described in Table 1. Table 1. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types on the Fanita Ranch Project Site Vegetation Community/Land Cover Acres Broom Baccharis Scrub 8.9 Coastal Sage Scrub 764.3 Coastal Sage Scrub/Disturbed Valley Needlegrass Grassland 35.3 Coastal Sage Scrub/Southern Mixed Chaparral 13.5 Coastal Sage Scrub/Valley Needlegrass Grassland 9.4 Disturbed Coastal Sage Scrub 365.8 Disturbed Coastal Sage Scrub/Annual Non-Native Grassland 106.0 Disturbed Coastal Sage Scrub/Broom Baccharis Scrub 6.9 Disturbed Coastal Sage Scrub/Valley Needlegrass Grassland 46.7 Coastal Sage Scrub Subtotal 1,356.7 Annual Non-Native Grassland/Ornamental 19.6 Annual Non-Native Grassland 204.7 Cismontane Alkali Marsh 0.9 Coast Live Oak Riparian Forest 16.2 Coast Live Oak Woodland 5.7 Developed Land 12.6 Disturbed Freshwater Marsh 0.1

7490 2 July 2020 Mr. Jeff O’Connor Subject: 2020 Focused Hermes Copper Survey Report for the Proposed Fanita Ranch Project, City of Santee, County of San Diego, California

Table 1. Vegetation Communities and Land Cover Types on the Fanita Ranch Project Site Vegetation Community/Land Cover Acres Disturbed Habitat 110.4 Disturbed Wetlands 0.3 Freshwater Marsh 0.6 Mulefat Scrub 0.6 Open Water 7.2 Ornamental Planting 5.0 Revegetated Area 35.4 Ruderal 21.9 Ruderal/Disturbed Habitat 22.5 Southern Mixed Chaparral 616.9 Southern Willow Scrub 1.9 Sycamore Alluvial Woodland 15.5 Valley Needlegrass Grassland 175.4 Grand Total* 2,629.9 Note: * Numbers do not sum precisely due to rounding.

Coastal Sage Scrub Communities

The majority of the project area, approximately 1,347.8 acres, contains coastal sage scrub vegetation types. Large portions of the site that probably historically supported coastal sage scrub have been disturbed severely or repeatedly by fire or other activities, such as ranching and off-road vehicles. The history of human and natural disturbances, combined with varied environmental conditions such as slope and aspect, has resulted in sub- communities that are variants of the presumed original Diegan coastal sage scrub vegetation.

Diegan coastal sage scrub (coastal sage scrub) is a native plant community composed of a variety of soft, low, aromatic shrubs, characteristically dominated by drought-deciduous species, such as California sagebrush, California buckwheat, and sages (Salvia spp.), with scattered evergreen shrubs, including lemonade berry (Rhus integrifolia), laurel sumac (Malosma laurina), and toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia). It typically develops on south- facing slopes and other xeric locations (Holland 1986).

Coastal sage scrub vegetation on site is dominated by California sagebrush and California buckwheat, with laurel sumac, spiny redberry, white sage (Salvia apiana), black sage (Salvia mellifera), San Diego County viguiera (Viguiera laciniata Bahiopsis laciniata, a special-status plant), and toyon as lesser components. In the southern portion of the site, some patches are dominated by white sage; in the north, spiny redberry is the dominant shrub in some areas. This community supports a diverse understory of native herbs and forbs, including virgate tarplant (Holocarpha virgata), deerweed (), blue dicks (Dichelostemma capitatum), Cleveland’s shooting-star (Primula clevelandii), blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium bellum), canchalagua (Zeltnera venustum), and several species of grasses, both native and introduced. The primary introduced grass is slender wild oat (Avena barbata).

7490 3 July 2020 Mr. Jeff O’Connor Subject: 2020 Focused Hermes Copper Survey Report for the Proposed Fanita Ranch Project, City of Santee, County of San Diego, California

Disturbed coastal sage scrub communities contain relatively more non-native grasses and fewer native shrubs. Areas with native coastal sage scrub shrub cover greater than 20% are mapped as coastal sage scrub; areas with native shrub cover of 11%–20% are mapped as disturbed coastal sage scrub; areas with native shrub cover of 5%– 10% are mapped as disturbed coastal sage scrub/annual grassland. In addition, transitional areas containing a mix of coastal sage scrub types and baccharis scrub, valley needlegrass grasslands, or southern mixed chaparral have been identified and mapped.

Within these sage scrub communities, Dudek mapped spiny redberry populations associated with California buckwheat per County of San Diego (County) guidelines, which are described further within the Methods section.

Coastal sage scrub is recognized as a sensitive plant community by local, state, and federal wildlife agencies. It supports a rich diversity of sensitive plants and , and it is estimated that the community has been reduced by 75%–80% of its historical coverage throughout Southern California. It is the focus of the current State of California Natural Community Conservation Planning program in Southern California. Methods

Host Plant Mapping

The 2020 focused survey areas relied on host plant mapping data from previous host plant mapping studies that took place in 2014 and were refined in 2016. In 2014 and 2016, Dudek mapped Hermes copper butterfly habitat in accordance with the County of San Diego Guidelines for Hermes Copper Butterfly (Lycaena hermes) (County of San Diego 2010) that details specific guidance for host plant mapping and nectar plant mapping and is the only survey protocol available. Within the project boundaries, spiny redberry within 15 feet of California buckwheat was mapped as potential habitat, and boundaries were created for all future focused surveys.

2020 Protocol Surveys

Hermes copper butterfly presence/absence surveys were conducted in 2020 and consisted of four rounds of surveys from May to July, conducted per the County guidelines. To increase the likelihood of observing Hermes copper butterflies, surveys were conducted to detect peak flight periods based upon publications from most current research published through San Diego State University, while still following County protocol guidelines. Due to occasionally unsuitable weather, as identified in the County guidelines, adjustments to the survey schedule were made between biologists. Surveys were still conducted exactly 8–14 days apart, following County protocol.

Focused surveys for Hermes were performed within the study area between May 21 and July 3, 2020, by biologists Brock Ortega, Erin Bergman, and Shana Carey. Surveys consisted of meandering transects through intact suitable habitat that supported spiny redberry and California buckwheat while searching for flying adults.

The surveys were conducted following the currently accepted protocol and included four visits.

The site was divided into three survey areas (Figure 2, Survey Areas), each representing a single-day survey effort of approximately 30–90 acres (Table 2). These survey acreages were based upon topography and distance in between habitat patches. The entire survey effort consisted of 14 full person-days (Table 3). These survey areas were labeled and assigned to Dudek’s biologists. The biologists were provided digital aerial maps

7490 4 July 2020 Mr. Jeff O’Connor Subject: 2020 Focused Hermes Copper Survey Report for the Proposed Fanita Ranch Project, City of Santee, County of San Diego, California of each survey polygon in ArcGIS collector application. Data were recorded in Dudek Forms, an online application to collect, analyze, and report data. Binoculars were used to aid in detecting and identifying butterflies and other wildlife species.

Survey routes completely covered all areas of suitable Hermes habitat. Appropriate butterfly binoculars (7x35 to 10x50 power) were used by each biologist to aid in detecting and identifying butterfly species along with a butterfly net to catch and identify any unknown species. The survey conditions were within protocol limits, as shown in Table 3.

Table 2. 2020 Hermes Copper Butterfly Survey Areas Survey Area Acreage of Survey Area North 89.07 Central 45.43 South 30.44

Table 3. Schedule of Focused Hermes Copper Butterfly Surveys Survey Area Date Time Biologist Conditions Pass 1 North 05/27/2020 6:30 a.m.– SC 71°F–86°F; 0% cc; 0–5 mph wind 12:00 p.m. Central 05/24/2020 6:30 a.m.– EB 73°F–91°F; 0% cc; 0–3 mph wind 12:00 p.m. South 05/21/2020 9:30 a.m.– BO 70°F–79°F; 0% cc; 0-3 to 3 mph wind 5:10 p.m. Pass 2 North 06/05/2020 2:00 p.m.– BO 73°F–70°F; 30-20% cc; 0 to 1 mph wind 6:00 p.m. North 06/06/2020 1:30 - BO 72°F–69°F; 20% cc; 0 to 3 mph wind 5:00 p.m. Central 06/09/2020 8:42 a.m.– EB 76°F–87°F; 0% cc; 0 to 2 mph wind 5:17 a.m. South 06/10/2020 8:25 a.m.– EB 71°F–89°F; 0% cc; 0–3 mph wind 5:39 p.m. Pass 3 North 06/19/2020 9:00 a.m.– BO 72°F–78°F; 0% cc; 1-2 to 0-3 mph wind 5:20 p.m. Central 06/22/2020 8:30 a.m.– EB 72°F–84°F; 0% cc; 0-3 mph wind 5:37 a.m. South 06/23/2020 8:39 a.m.– EB 74°F–88°F; 0% cc; 0–4 mph wind 5:54 p.m.

7490 5 July 2020 Mr. Jeff O’Connor Subject: 2020 Focused Hermes Copper Survey Report for the Proposed Fanita Ranch Project, City of Santee, County of San Diego, California

Table 3. Schedule of Focused Hermes Copper Butterfly Surveys Survey Area Date Time Biologist Conditions Pass 4 North 07/03/2020 8:30 a.m.– EB 75°F–87°F; 0% cc; 0–3 mph wind 5:56 p.m. Central 07/03/2020 11:00 a.m.– BO 85°F–89°F; 0% cc; 1–3 mph wind 6:15 p.m. Central 07/04/2020 10:00 a.m.– BO 82°F–90°F; 0% cc; 0–3 mph wind 3:00 p.m. South 07/03/2020 7:00 a.m.– SC 72°F–87°F; 0% cc; 0–4 mph wind 12:00 p.m. Notes: BO = Brock Ortega; EB = Erin Bergman; SC = Shana Carey; cc = cloud cover. Results

In 2020, no Hermes were observed within the study area; however, numerous other species of butterflies and wildlife were observed.

In all, 134 wildlife species were recorded during this survey effort and are included in Appendix A. Discussion

Previous Hermes survey efforts were conducted in 2004, 2014, and 2016. In 2004, Hermes was observed within a remnant patch of post-fire habitat. Hermes was also observed in 2003 and 2005 incidentally. In both 2016 and 2020, no observations of Hermes were documented. Spiny redberry and California buckwheat populations and distribution are large, dispersed, and abundant within the study area, so a lack of host plants and nectar resources would not have been a factor for Hermes in 2016 and 2020. Both plant species were observed to be in good form, exhibiting fresh growth flowers and fruit.

It is possible that the degree of fire severity that occurred in 2003 may have impacted populations of this species. The effects of fire are the most significant changes on site. Many of the areas surveyed by biologists in both 2016 and 2020 consisted of burned vegetation or re-sprouting vegetation. Biologists observed burn scars on the majority of shrub species at the base of the trunks. Re-spouting is typical in coastal sage scrub communities with spiny redberry and California buckwheat. For many species, fire is an important part of the ecosystem and does not impact long-term survival; however, the frequency and severity of fires may be playing a much more detrimental role. Hermes populations could be particularly sensitive to repeated fire and high-intensity fire. In addition, type conversion to grassland after repeated fires is a major factor in loss of coastal sage scrub communities with large populations of spiny redberry in other areas. Within the 165-acre survey area, however, host plants and nectar resources were abundant and large but did show burn scars. Other factors could be playing a role in the lack of recent observations, including impacts from disease, drought, disturbance, non-native species competition, timing of nectar resources and butterfly emergence, and climate change.

7490 6 July 2020 Mr. Jeff O’Connor Subject: 2020 Focused Hermes Copper Survey Report for the Proposed Fanita Ranch Project, City of Santee, County of San Diego, California

Marschalek and Deutschman are consistently studying Hermes population counts at sentinel sites and found that the numbers of Hermes flying in 2014 and 2015 decreased significantly and consider drought as a major factor (Marschalek and Deutschman 2015). These drought patterns may play a role that is more significant than we presume.

Dudek certifies that the information in this survey report and attachments fully and accurately represents the work conducted by the biologists who conducted this focused survey. Please feel free to contact Brock Ortega at [email protected] or Erin Bergman [email protected] if you have any questions regarding the contents of this report.

Sincerely,

______Erin Bergman

Att: Figure 1, Regional Map Figure 2, Survey Areas Appendix A, Wildlife Species Observed during the 2020 Fanita Hermes Survey cc: Brock Ortega, Dudek Shana Carey, Dudek Danielle Mullen, Dudek

References Cited

Butterflies and Moths of North America. 2020. “Collection and sharing data about .” Butterflies and Moths of North America Website. Accessed July 2020. http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/

County of San Diego. 2010. Attachment B, County of San Diego Guidelines for Hermes Copper (Lycaena hermes) of the Report Format and Contents Requirements. San Diego, California.

Deutschman, D.H., M.E. Berres, D.A. Marschalek, and S.L. Strahm. 2011. Two-year evaluation of Hermes copper (Lycaena hermes) on conserved lands in San Diego County. SANDAG Final Report . MOU # 5001442.

Edwards, W.H. 1870. “Lycaena hermes (W.H. Edwards, 1970) (Hermes Copper).” Butterflies of America Website. Accessed July 21, 2020. http://butterfliesofamerica.com/lycaena_hermes.htm.

Holland, R.F. 1986. Preliminary Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural Communities of California. Nongame- Heritage Program, California Department of Fish and Game. October 1986.

Marschalek, D.A., and D.H. Deutschman. 2008. Hermes copper (Lycaena [Hermelycaena] hermes: ): life history and population estimation of a rare butterfly. Journal of Conservation. 12:97–105.

7490 7 July 2020 Mr. Jeff O’Connor Subject: 2020 Focused Hermes Copper Survey Report for the Proposed Fanita Ranch Project, City of Santee, County of San Diego, California

Marschalek, D.A., and D.H. Deutschman. 2015. Rare butterfly management studies on conserved lands in San Diego County: Hermes copper (Lycaena hermes). Final Report for San Diego Association of Governments.

Oberbauer, T., M. Kelly, and J. Buegge. 2008. Draft Vegetation Communities of San Diego County. March 2008. Accessed September 12, 2012. http://www.sdcanyonlands.org/pdfs/veg_comm_sdcounty_2008_doc.pdf.

USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture). 2016. Web Soil Survey. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Soil Survey Staff. Accessed June 2016. http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/.

USFWS (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). 2020. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Species Status for the Hermes Copper Butterfly With 4(d) Rule and Designation of Critical Habitat. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/01/08/2019-28461/endangered-and-threatened- wildlife-and-plants-threatened-species-status-for-the-hermes-copper. Accessed July 2020.

7490 8 July 2020 215 241 86 Riverside 74 111 73 County 195 74 56

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SOURCE: SANGIS 2019; USGS Topographic World Map FIGURE 1 Regional Map 021 Miles 2020 Focused Hermes Copper Survey Report for the Proposed Fanita Ranch Project, City of Santee, County of San Diego, California Date: 7/22/2020 - Last saved by: agreis - Path: Z:\Projects\j749001\MAPDOC\MAPS\Bio_Maps\HECO\Figure2-SurveyAreas.mxd SOURCE: CDFW 2020; SANGIS 2017, 2020 2017, SANGIS 2020; CDFW SOURCE: Survey Areas Survey

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FIGURE 2 FIGURE T 67 Appenmd Appendix A Wildlife Species Observed during the 2020 Fanita Focused Hermes Survey

Appendix A Wildlife Species Observed during the 2020 Fanita Focused Hermes Survey

Invertebrate Tarantula Hawks

POMPILIDAE—SPIDER WASPS Pepsis sp.—tarantula hawk Birds Blackbirds, Orioles and Allies

ICTERIDAE—BLACKBIRDS Agelaius phoeniceus—red-winged blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus—Brewer’s blackbird Icterus cucullatus—hooded oriole Quiscalus mexicanus—great-tailed grackle Sturnella neglecta—western meadowlark  Molothrus ater—brown-headed cowbird*

Bushtits

AEGITHALIDAE—LONG-TAILED TITS AND BUSHTITS Psaltriparus minimus—bushtit

Cardinals, Grosbeaks and Allies

CARDINALIDAE—CARDINALS AND ALLIES Passerina caerulea—blue grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus—black-headed grosbeak

Cormorants

PHALACROCORACIDAE—CORMORANTS Phalacrocorax auritus—double-crested cormorant

Falcons

FALCONIDAE—CARACARAS AND FALCONS Falco sparverius—American kestrel

7490 A-1 July 2020 Appendix A Wildlife Species Observed during the 2020 Fanita Focused Hermes Survey

Finches

FRINGILLIDAE—FRINGILLINE AND CARDUELINE FINCHES AND ALLIES Haemorhous mexicanus—house finch Spinus psaltria—lesser goldfinch

Flycatchers

TYRANNIDAE—TYRANT FLYCATCHERS Myiarchus cinerascens—ash-throated flycatcher Sayornis nigricans—black phoebe Sayornis saya—Say’s phoebe Tyrannus vociferans—Cassin’s kingbird

Hawks

ACCIPITRIDAE—HAWKS, KITES, EAGLES, AND ALLIES Accipiter cooperii—Cooper’s hawk Buteo jamaicensis—red-tailed hawk Buteo lineatus—red-shouldered hawk

PANDIONIDAE—OSPREYS Pandion haliaetus—osprey

Herons and Bitterns

ARDEIDAE—HERONS, BITTERNS, AND ALLIES Ardea alba—great egret Ardea herodias—great blue heron Bubulcus ibis—cattle egret Egretta thula—snowy egret

Hummingbirds

TROCHILIDAE—HUMMINGBIRDS Archilochus alexandri—black-chinned hummingbird Calypte anna—Anna’s hummingbird Calypte costae—Costa’s hummingbird

7490 A-2 July 2020 Appendix A Wildlife Species Observed during the 2020 Fanita Focused Hermes Survey

Jays, Magpies and Crows

CORVIDAE—CROWS AND JAYS Aphelocoma californica—California scrub-jay Corvus brachyrhynchos—American crow Corvus corax—common raven

Mockingbirds and Thrashers

MIMIDAE—MOCKINGBIRDS AND THRASHERS Mimus polyglottos—northern mockingbird Toxostoma redivivum—California thrasher

New World Quail

ODONTOPHORIDAE—NEW WORLD QUAIL Callipepla californica—California quail

New World Vultures

CATHARTIDAE—NEW WORLD VULTURES Cathartes aura—turkey vulture

Old World Sparrows

PASSERIDAE—OLD WORLD SPARROWS  Passer domesticus—house sparrow

Old World Warblers and Gnatcatchers

POLIOPTILIDAE—GNATCATCHERS Polioptila californica californica—coastal California gnatcatcher

Owls

TYTONIDAE—BARN OWLS Tyto alba—barn owl

STRIGIDAE—TYPICAL OWLS Bubo virginianus—great horned owl

7490 A-3 July 2020 Appendix A Wildlife Species Observed during the 2020 Fanita Focused Hermes Survey

Pigeons and Doves

COLUMBIDAE—PIGEONS AND DOVES Zenaida macroura—mourning dove  Columba livia—rock pigeon (rock dove)  Streptopelia decaocto—Eurasian collared-dove

Rails, Gallinules and Coots

RALLIDAE—RAILS, GALLINULES, AND COOTS Fulica americana—American coot

Roadrunners and Cuckoos

CUCULIDAE—CUCKOOS, ROADRUNNERS, AND ANIS Geococcyx californianus—greater roadrunner

Shorebirds

CHARADRIIDAE—LAPWINGS AND PLOVERS Charadrius vociferus—killdeer

Silky Flycatchers

PTILOGONATIDAE—SILKY-FLYCATCHERS Phainopepla nitens—phainopepla

Starlings and Allies

STURNIDAE—STARLINGS  Sturnus vulgaris—European starling*

Swallows

HIRUNDINIDAE—SWALLOWS Petrochelidon pyrrhonota—cliff swallow

Swifts

APODIDAE—SWIFTS Aeronautes saxatalis—white-throated swift

7490 A-4 July 2020 Appendix A Wildlife Species Observed during the 2020 Fanita Focused Hermes Survey

Thrushes

TURDIDAE—THRUSHES Sialia mexicana—western bluebird

Titmice

PARIDAE—CHICKADEES AND TITMICE Baeolophus inornatus—oak titmouse

Vireos

VIREONIDAE—VIREOS Vireo bellii pusillus—least Bell’s vireo

Waterfowl

ANATIDAE—DUCKS, GEESE, AND SWANS Anas platyrhynchos—mallard

Wood Warblers and Allies

PARULIDAE—WOOD-WARBLERS Geothlypis trichas—common yellowthroat Setophaga petechia—yellow warbler

Woodpeckers

PICIDAE—WOODPECKERS AND ALLIES Colaptes auratus—northern flicker Melanerpes formicivorus—acorn woodpecker Dryobates nuttallii—Nuttall’s woodpecker

Wrens

TROGLODYTIDAE—WRENS Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus sandiegensis—coastal cactus wren Catherpes mexicanus—canyon wren Troglodytes aedon—house wren Thryomanes bewickii—Bewick’s wren

7490 A-5 July 2020 Appendix A Wildlife Species Observed during the 2020 Fanita Focused Hermes Survey

Parrots

PSITTACIDAE—AFRICAN AND NEW WORLD PARROTS  Amazona viridigenalis—red-crowned parrot

New World Sparrows

PASSERELLIDAE—NEW WORLD SPARROWS Aimophila ruficeps canescens—Southern California rufous-crowned sparrow Aimophila ruficeps—rufous-crowned sparrow Artemisiospiza belli—Bell’s sparrow Chondestes grammacus—lark sparrow Melospiza melodia—song sparrow Melozone crissalis—California towhee Pipilo maculatus—spotted towhee Spizella atrogularis—black-chinned sparrow

Chats

ICTERIIDAE—YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT Icteria virens—yellow-breasted chat

Typical Warblers, Parrotbills, Wrentit

SYLVIIDAE—SYLVIID WARBLERS Chamaea fasciata—wrentit Invertebrates Butterflies

LYCAENIDAE—BLUES, HAIRSTREAKS, AND COPPERS Brephidium exile—western pygmy-blue Callophrys augustinus—brown elfin Euphilotes battoides bernardino—Bernardino square-spotted blue Glaucopsyche lygdamus australis—southern blue Hemiargus ceraunus gyas—Edward’s blue Icaricia acmon acmon—Acmon blue Leptotes marina—marine blue Philotes sonorensis—Sonoran blue Strymon melinus—gray hairstreak

7490 A-6 July 2020 Appendix A Wildlife Species Observed during the 2020 Fanita Focused Hermes Survey

NYMPHALIDAE—BRUSH-FOOTED BUTTERFLIES Agraulis vanillae—Gulf fritillary gabbii—Gabb’s checkerspot Coenonympha tullia california—common california ringlet Danaus plexippus—monarch Junonia coenia—common buckeye Nymphalis antiopa—mourning cloak Speyeria callippe comstocki—Comstock’s fritillary Speyeria coronis semiramis—Semiramis fritillary Vanessa annabella—west coast lady Vanessa cardui—painted lady

RIODINIDAE—METALMARKS Apodemia mormo virgulti—Behr’s metalmark

HESPERIIDAE—SKIPPERS Erynnis funeralis—funereal Erynnis propertius—Propertius duskywing Erynnis tristis—mournful duskywing Hesperia juba—Juba Hylephila phyleus—fiery skipper Ochlodes agricola—rural skipper Poanes melane—umber skipper Pyrgus albescens—white checkered-skipper

PAPILIONIDAE—SWALLOWTAILS Papilio cresphontes—giant swallowtail Papilio eurymedon—pale swallowtail Papilio rutulus—western tiger swallowtail Papilio zelicaon—anise swallowtail

PIERIDAE—WHITES AND SULFURS Anthocharis sara sara—Pacific sara orangetip eurytheme—orange sulphur Colias harfordii—Harford’s sulphur Phoebis sennae—cloudless sulphur Pieris rapae—cabbage white Pontia protodice—checkered white

7490 A-7 July 2020 Appendix A Wildlife Species Observed during the 2020 Fanita Focused Hermes Survey

Termites

VARIOUS—TERMITES  Isoptera sp.—termites* Mammals Canids

CANIDAE—WOLVES AND FOXES Canis latrans—coyote

Cats

FELIDAE—CATS Lynx rufus—bobcat

Hares and Rabbits

LEPORIDAE—HARES AND RABBITS Lepus californicus bennettii—San Diego black-tailed jackrabbit Sylvilagus audubonii—desert cottontail Sylvilagus bachmani—brush rabbit

Kangaroo Rats

HETEROMYIDAE—POCKET MICE AND KANGAROO RATS Dipodomys sp.—kangaroo rat

Mustelids

MEPHITIDAE—SKUNKS Mephitis mephitis—striped skunk

Pocket Gophers

GEOMYIDAE—POCKET GOPHERS Thomomys bottae—Botta’s pocket gopher

Squirrels

SCIURIDAE—SQUIRRELS Spermophilus (Otospermophilus) beecheyi—California ground squirrel

7490 A-8 July 2020 Appendix A Wildlife Species Observed during the 2020 Fanita Focused Hermes Survey

Ungulates

CERVIDAE—DEERS Odocoileus hemionus—mule deer

Rats, Mice, and Voles

CRICETIDAE—RATS, MICE, AND VOLES Microtus californicus—California vole Neotoma sp.—woodrat

Raccoons

PROCYONIDAE—RACCOONS AND RELATIVES Procyon lotor—raccoon Reptiles Lizards

PHRYNOSOMATIDAE—IGUANID LIZARDS Sceloporus occidentalis—western fence lizard Uta stansburiana—common side-blotched lizard

ANGUIDAE—ALLIGATOR LIZARDS Elgaria multicarinata—southern alligator lizard

TEIIDAE—WHIPTAIL LIZARDS Aspidoscelis hyperythra beldingi—Belding’s orange-throated whiptail Aspidoscelis tigris stejnegeri—San Diegan tiger whiptail

Snakes

COLUBRIDAE—COLUBRID SNAKES Lampropeltis californiae—California kingsnake Pituophis catenifer—gophersnake

VIPERIDAE—VIPERS Crotalus ruber—red diamond rattlesnake

 Signifies introduced (non-native) species

7490 A-9 July 2020