Proceedings of the 7th Internatwnal Worhng Conference on Stored-product Protectum - Volume 2

The research on and development of grain quarantine in China

Yao Wenguo1 and Guan Lranghua/

Abstract Tilleiia indica MItra, Peronosclerospora spp., Erunnia L. , Chinese gram quarantine has got great Improvement stewartii (E. F. Smith) Dye, Lolium temulenium. (L.) especially in Its fields of scientific research and development Sorghum halepense Pers., Sorghum almum Parodi & So since 1950. ThIS paper bnefly gives the followmg Orobanche spp Chinese quarantme research work on information. PRA on pests of stored gram, researches on importmg grain is aimed at those pests, quarantine soft pests' biology, ecology and regulanty of transnussion as well SCIencesuch as quarantine adrmmstranon and so on, and as methods of inspection, researches on pest's mvasion research arrangement has been made also surveillance, researches on technology of quarantine treatment and ItS facihties, and researches on high and up- The Scientific and Technological to-date technology of gram quarantme. General situation Work and Research Programs about Chinese Grain Ouaranune is also introduced m thrs paper. Since 1981, Chmese quarantine authonty has been managing to settle the problems, such as quarantme policy and technical problems, which existed m gram quarantine. Specialists from uruversrnes or mstitutes have carried out researches on these key problems To sum up, mainly there Introduction were 5 research projects in rmplementation with a great quantity of work. Chma is not only a great gram-producing country, but also a PRA on pests of stored grain great country of international grain trade. Many countnes keep relationship of gram trade WIthChina. Because China's China ISone of the earlier countries dealing WIththe work gram trade has the following characteristics. large quantity, of Pest RIsk Assessment in the world. Since the early time trailing with quite different countnes, greater possibility of of 1980s, Chma's research mstrtutes have made being mfected/mfested with gram diseases, pest and arrangement to start PRA work on diseases, msects and weeds, It makes the work of gram quarantine complicated weeds, which are dangerous to China's agricultural and hard to do (Yao Wenguo and Guan Lianghua, 1998). production. Then viabihty researches of those pests were Although situation is complicated, Chinese quarantme made by China's plant quarantine system, a data base of authonty has been firmly dealing with those problems those pests was developed before long. In 1991, a Chmese especially paying more attention to grain cargoes (Gu Iianfei PRA Working Group was set up formally comprising and Qu NengzhI, 1994; LIUJunmm and Ye Bmgyuan, 1994) entomologIsts, phytopathologists, bIOlogIStS, botanIsts, since 1950. admmistrators, quarantme offIcers and computer experts as According to •The List of the DIseases and Pest Insects as well. The workmg group's work m stored gram IS to make well as Weeds Dangerous to Chmese Plants' issued by the researches on exotic pests' PRA of Chmese main crops; MinIstry of Agriculture of the P. R C in 1992, the emphatIc harmful, exotic weeds' PRA; VIabIlityand countermeasures dIseases, msects and weeds dangerous to Importmg gram are of Trogoderma granarmm Everts; and to make Trogoderma granarium Everts, Acanthoscelides obtectus comparatIve research on development of Zabrotes (Say), analis (FabricIUS), Prostephanus subfasciatus (Boh ) IIvmg m Phaseolus 'lJUlgarisand P. truncatus (Horn), Callosobruchus phaseoli (Chevrolate), Angular~. These researches proVIded sCIentifIc basis for Zabrotes subfascmtus (Boheman) , Graphognathus deCISIonmakmg of quarantine policy (]I Liang, 1994; Yao leucoloma (Boheman) , Tilletia controversa kuhn, Wenguo, 1995) The researches on biology, ecology, regularity of spread, and inspection method, identification 1Adnurustratlon of Arumal and Plant Quarantme of PRC, BeiJing, 100026, Chma standards of dangerous grain diseases, insects, and 2 TlanJm Ammal and Plant Quarantme Bureau of PRC, TlanJm, weeds 300457, Chma Grain pests' biology, ecology and regularity of spread are 1749 Proceedings of the 7 th Internatwnal Working Conference on Stored-product Protection - Volume 2 the bases of PRA, quarantine inspection and decision making treatment senously. Because of the time challenge, of quarantine pohcy, so tens of SCientific programs quarantine treatment and fumigation techniques are facing concermng important pests of gram have been arranged with very hard situation. In recent years, the studies on the researchmg contents mentioned above such as Ecology alternative substance of traditional fumigant and treatment and Morphology of Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh. ) , facilities as well as technical standardization of grain's Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say), Callosobruchus phaseot« quarantine treatment have been arranged mcludmg over 20 (Chevrolate), Caryedon serratus (OL.), Callosobruchus research programs (Zhu Werzu, 1994), so that quarantine analis (Fabricius), (Zhang Shengfang and Liu Yongpmg, service is able to adapt to the new speedy developing 1989; Li Nanzhi and Song baoshen et al., 1995; Lu Jie, situation of import & export trade, to satisfy the needs of 1994, Lu Jie and Song Baoshen et al., 1996; Pan Orshan, qtnckerung inspection and passing through at the border 1989; Pan Qishan and Jiao Xiaopm et al , 1994; Wei Houde entrances, especially to push towards international trade and et al., 1995; Huang Shishui and Liang Fengjiao, 1996). to serve plant quarantme well in the meantime. A set of Other quarantine stored product msects ' researches on efficient technical standardization of grain treatment has morphology and identification standards were included. been managed to find out. In plant pesticide, Chmese Furthermore, the carried on gram diseases' researches are scholars have done some plant 011 researches on (Deng on the inspection methods and identification standards of Yongxue and Lan Jianghua et al., 1996) some plant Tiiletia controversa Kuhn; the spread role, inspection extract's effect such as oleander's stems and leaves (Jiang method & identification standards of Tilletia indica Mitra; Xiaolong 1995), meanwhile they have done some fumigation the researches of inspection methods and identification researches such as mixed gas fumigation, controlled standards of Erunmia stewartii (E. F. Smith) Dye and atmosphere of gram. A kmd of gas concentration meter has Peronosclerospore spp.; the inspection methods and been researched and developed successfully. identification standards of Lolium temulentum L. and Researches on high and up-to-date technologies of Sorghum halepense (L ) Pers. grain quarantine The researches on pests' invasion surveillance When doing common researches, some research programs Quarantme surveillance is the prerequisite and important of high and up-to-date technology have been arranged timely measure to practise quarantine control, which is the reason to trace the advanced technology of plant quarantine m the why Chinese authority of arnmal and plant quarantine has world and to develop mainly the fast, accurate and efficient taken it so senously. In recent years Suophilu» granartus techmques of both mspection and treatment of gram. The Lmnaeus, Trogoderma granartum Everts and some other programs carried out were: computer expert system for pest important stored product insects have been placed under insects identificanon (Li Zhihong et al., 1998); utilization surveillance for systematically and deeply researches of SEM and TEM to analyze the fine-structure and ultra- mcludmg study of lures and pheromones as well as traps, structure; RAPDfor identificatiom DNAnail vein and also including the study of storage msects' tendency to lures PeR for fungi's identification of plant quarantine disease; & pheromones. legume's Viruses ELISA and PCR diagnose-box's research Speaking of the utilization of surveillance achievement, a and spread. practice for surveillance of Khapra had been carried By means of putting emphasis on gram-quarantine's out by 32 organizations which located at 16 border entrances scientific program, and in a planned way, facilitate the m Shandong, Guangdong, and Yunnan provinces as well as management of gram quarantine, safeguard the preshge of Tibet Autonomous RegiOns from August 1993 to July 1994 trade and promote the trade development of grain import and 228 traps were placed m 6 types of stores, after one-year export. Now the services of and plant quarantme m surveillance, there were 3420 insects trapped belongmg to a Chma are domg their scientifIc programs m a centrahzed different claSSification, 37 families and 53 m total. way formmg a mechanism, which has the characters of However Khapra beetle had not been found yet (Jiang takmg the apphcahon of technology as main pomt, baSiC Xiaolong and Wang Wenlong, 1995) . Moreover Chmese research of the apphcahon of technology as the secondary scholars had made study on some storage insect's sound and pomt, givmg considerahon to personnel trammg, SCientific soundmg mechanism for the surveillance of the msects research and their development, utihzahon as well as hidden in a big gram stack Evidence shows that they have spread. done it very well. The researches on technology of quarantine References treatment and its facilities Gu Jianfei and Qu Nengzhi, 1994. Quarantme to the food China has been taking the techmque of quaranhne cargoes of ships entrancmg our ports. Plant Quarantine, 1750 Proceedmqe of the 7 th International Working Conference on Stored-product Proiectum. - Volume 2

8, 5, 299 - 300. Quarantme, 9, 3, 144 -147. Huang Shishtu and LIang Fengjiao, 1996. Effects of hunger Yao Wenguo (Ed. ), 1995. The hst of the diseases and pest to Trogoderma grananurn Everts in behavior of larvae insects as well as weeds dangerous to Chmese plants (in and the reproducibility of adult Plant Quarantme, 10, 6, Chinese). In: The proceedmgs of symposium on ammal 332 - 334. and Plant quarantine techniques in both coasts of the Jl Liang, 1994 Assessment of significant plant pest risk (m Taiwan Strait 25, Sept 1992, Beijmg , p 161 - 163. Chinese) Plant Quarantme, 8, 2, 100-105 Animal and Plant Quarantme Bureau, P. R. Chma , 1991 A Li Nanzhi and Song Baoshen et al 1995. The effect of corpus of Sciennfic and techmcal achievements mammal environmental temperature and moisture on egg-laying and and plant quarantme m nationwide ports. (1981 - 1991). survival of adult bean weevl1-Acanthoscelides obtactus Zhu Weizu, 1994. Apphcation of on-voyage fumigation (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) (m Chinese). Plant Quarantme, techmque in ocean ShIpS Plant Quarantine, 8, 5, 274- 9, 4, 193 - 197. 275. Liu Yongpmg and Zhang Shengfang, 1989. Study on fast Deng Yongxue and Lan Jianghua, et al., 1996. The study discrimination method of Trogoderma spp. (adult) m on prevention of Zabrotes subfasciatus by the fragrant oil of Chma (in Chinese). Plant Quarantine, 1989,3, 4, 241- plant. Plant Quarantine, 10, 6, 323 - 325. 246 Deng Yongxue and LI Lungshu, et al., 1996 Comparative Liu Junmm and Ye Bmgyuan, 1994. Prelmunary study on study of Phaseolus 'lYUlgaris and P asundari« on plant quarantine to ocean ShIpS and dismfastation development of Brazilian (m Chmese ). treatment. Plant Quarantme, 8, 5, 298 - 299. Journal of Gram Storage 25, 1, 3 - 6. Lu Iie , 1994 Pnmary survey to loss resulted from damage JIang Xiaolong 1995. Studies on the TaXIS Reflection of of Acanthoscelides obtectus Plant Quarantme, 8, 5, 283 Sitopiius granarius L to some vegetable oils and ItS -287. pheromone (in Chmese ). Entomological Knowledge, 32, Lu Iie and Song Baoshen et al., 1996. Study on the life 1, 23 - 25. schedule, the reproduction rule, and the damaged loss by JIang Xiaolong and Wang Wenlong, 1995. Study on Acanthoscelules obtectus sp. Entomological Knowledge, Attractants for Trogoderrna oranarium Everts and 33, 1, 39 - 43. placing the beetle under surveillance m storage (m Pan Oishan, 1989 Biological charactenstics of gray bean Chinese) Plant Quarantme, 9, 6, 331 - 336 weevil Plant Ouarantrne, 3, 2, 101-104. JIang Xiaolong , 1996 Researches of product phiromone and Pan Qlshan and Iiao Xiaopm et al , 1994. A Pnmary study other attractants for stored-msects and Its apphcations (m on blOlogy of bean weeVil and Its management (m Chmese) . Journal of gram storage 1996, 3, 15 - 21 Chmese). Plant Quarantine, 8, 3, 135 -141 Yao Wenguo and Guan Llanghua, 1998. Plant Quarantme of WeI Houde et al., 1995 The populatlOn and mCldence Gram and Its Treatments Gram Storage m Chma. The patterns of stored product msects m export feedmg in 1995 Document Works of the 7th IWCSPP. (in Chmese) Plant Quarantme, 9, 3, 129-133 Ll Zhlhong, Shen ZuorUl, Geng Bmgjm, Wang YIJun and Zhang Shengfang and Lm Yongping, 1989. Study on qUlck Hongjun Chen, 1998 The study on multimedia expert dlscnmmatIon of OVIposItion, larvae and adult of Zabrotes system of plant quarantme pests IdentifIcation (PQ- subfaciatus (in Chmese). Plant Quarantme, 3, 2, 95- PlckBugs). SeSSIOnXI of Proceedings of the 7th IWCSPP. 100. Lm WeI, Zhang Shengfang, Zhao Baoqmg, Wang Nalyang Zhang Yinhua, 1995 The test of lethal dose of two mam and Chen Ke, 1998. MultimedIa Computer System of fumIgants used against dIfferent stages of Callosobruchus DermestIdae of Stored Products (MCSDSP) 1998, The analis (Coleoptera: Bruchldae) (m Chmese). Plant SeSSIon XI of Proceedmgs of the 7th IWCSPP.

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