November 1984 No=23

PRAGUE

5 ·17 AUGUST 1985~---·

International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy •

-

,•

Town House c lock in the centre of t he c i ty of . [Photograph by co urtesy of Dr R Payne , Aberdeen Univers i ty . ] CONTENTS

page Foreword •. 1 Fifth Scientific Assembly (August, 1985): Scientific Programme 3 Submission of Abstracts 25 Second Circular 26 Registration Forms •• 39

Executive Committee: Minutes of meeting 5-7 September 1984 • . 43

Reports of meetings: ISEA7 (H Rishbeth) .• 51 COSPAR (V Bucha) 54 CIRA (K Labitzke) 56 NLC Workshop (0 Avaste) 56

The Institute for Space Aeronomy in Belgium: 20th Anniversary (M Nicolet) .. 58 Sampling and Filtering Theory applied to Geomagnetic Data (A W Green Jr) 61

Association Announcements and Notices •. 68 IGBP .• 72 Toolangi Observatory .• 73 Auroral Archives .• 74 Magnetic Observatories (K L Svendsen) •• 75 Upcoming Meetings •• 77 The Song of Noctilucent Clouds (V A Bronshten) 81 Balfour Watson Currie (1902 - 1981) 83 Rocco s Narcisi (1931- 1984) .• 84 Sadami Matsushita (1920 - 1984) 85

i ii FOREWORD

This issue of IAGA News is concerned largely with details of the Fifth Scientific Assembly, to be held in Prague next August by kind invitation of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Much effort has been put into planning both the scientific and the so­ cial programmes and the various committees have now reached the stage of waiting to see if the plans work.

For this particular Assembly, we are joined by four IAMAP Commis­ sions. The combination will be, I hope, a winning one and I look forward to a very worthwhile meeting.

At the closing plenary session of IUGG in Hamburg, the Inter­ national Association of Hydrological Sciences (through their President) issued a challenge to the other Associations to a ten­ nis championship at the next IUGG General Assembly. [This is to be held in Vancouver, Canada, 9-21 August, 1987.] IAGA meets next year in one of the great tennis-playing countries of the world: it seems likely, therefore, that IAGA members can use the occa­ sion of the Scientific Assembly to build a Union-beating team that will sweep through to unimaginable triumphs in 1987.

Your Executive Committee met for three days in September to plan for the next three years: a summary of these discussions is given in the (draft) minutes on pages 43-50.

The IAGA mailing list (some 2800 names of individual scientists and 200 institutions) has been written onto magnetic disc file, principally through the good offices of the Aberdeen University Data Processing Officer (Mr Norman T Grahame) and his staff. Recipients of IAGA News will be aware that I have been asking for the return of a card to indicate that there really is someone out there who wants to receive IAGA News. The exercise has been very profitable in teaching me how quickly, or slowly, IAGA News gets to you; also I have acquired many superb postage stamps.

Keeping up with the correspondence that flows into, and through, the Association Office takes up about one-half of my working week at present. It is worth it, though. I imagine that I am discovering for myself what previous Secretaries General have found: the opportunity to be in touch with IAGA scientists all over the world is a pleasure and a privilege.

Michael Gadsden Secretary General

l 2 5TH SCIENTIFIC ASSEMBLY OF IAGA - JOINT MEETING WITH IAMAP COMMISSIONS

Prague (Czechoslovakia) 5th - 17th August 1985

Session Page Number. Number. IAGA Divisions: 1. I Internal Magnetic Fields 4 2. II Aeronomic Phenomena 9 3. III Magnetospheric Phenomena Tl 4. IV Solar Wind and Interplanetary Magnetic Field 13 5. v Observatories, Instruments, Indices and Data 15 IAGA Interdivisional Coromissions: 6. Antarctic Research 16 7. History '17 8. Middle Atmosphere 18 9. External/Internal Geomagnetic Relations '18 10. Developing Countries 20 IAMAP International Commissions: 11. Meteorology of the Upper Atmosphere 20 12. Radiation 22

Business meetings, working group meetings 23 Room assignments, timetable 24

3 DIVISION I :

1.1 Theoretical constraints , predictions and applications.

(F S Barker , United States Naval Ocean Research and Develop­ ment Activity, Code 352 , NSTL, MS 39529 , USA. D P Zidarov , Geophysical Institute , 3 G Boncev St , Sofia 111 3, BULGARIA.)

An accurate analytical description of the geomagnetic field and its dynamic attributes is essential to understanding both the physical composition and dynamics of the Earth's interior. This symposium is designed to examine empirical and physical models of the geomagneti c field in both the spatial and temporal (ie from magnetic reversals to secular impulses or jerks) domains , the a priori assumptions and physical constraints involved in the development of the models , the predictive results, and the application of the models towards further refinement of physical parameters and concepts involved in field generation.

1.2 IGRF proposals and assessments .

(D R Barraclough, British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EHO 3LA, UK.) The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) will be revised during the Prague Assembly. A provisional main-field model for 1985.0 will be decided upon , together with a secular variation model for the interval 1985-90 and defini­ tive main-field models for 1980.0, 1960.0, 1955.0 and 1945.0. The symposium is planned to include descriptions and assessments of candidate maodels. (Coeffi cients will be available for assessment purposes from the convenor from 1985 January 1.) Input from the user community on topics such as continuity and accuracy of models will be welcome .

1.3 Magnetic and velocity fields at the core-mantle boundary, and core-mantle interactions .

(F J Lowes, School of Physics, The University, Newcastle­ upon-Tyne NEl 7RU , UK. D Loper, GFDl Florida State Universi ty, Tallahassee Florida 32306 , USA . )

This symposium is planned to allow a comparison of the various methods of extrapolating the geomagnetic field to the core-mantle boundary , and the deductions that can be made about the validity of the frozen-flux condition and about the values of parti cular components of the fluid at particular points on the core-mantle boundary. It will also cover t he related problems of core-mantle interactions , local and global, particularly torques.

4 1.4 Electromagnetic sounding with controlled sources.

(T J Shankland, Geophysics Group, M5 C335, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545, USA. 0 Praus, Geophysical Institute of the Czechoslovakian Academy of Sciences, 141 31 - Sporilov, Bocni II 1401 CZECHOSLOVAKIA.)

Recent years have seen a steady growth of the use of con­ trolled sources of electrical and magnetic fields to probe the outermost layer of the Earth. These methods possess several advantageous features including known frequencies, phases and geometries. This session will treat methods, results and interpretations coming from controlled source techniques in electromagnetic studies.

1.5 Fluids, volatiles and other factors controlling Earth conduc­ tivity.

(T J Shankland, Geophysics Group, M5 C335, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545, USA. 0 Praus, Geophysical Institute of the Czechoslovakian Academy of Sciences, 141 31 Prague 4 - Sporilov, Bocni II 1401 CZECHOSLOVAKIA.)

Fluid or volatile phases have frequently been invoked to ex­ plain the relatively high electrical conductivities obtained from field measurements, compared to conductivities of the most abundant minerals in the crust and mantle. This session will consist of papers on laboratory and field measurements and on theoretical treatments of electrical properties of rocks and minerals The principal emphasis will be on inter­ preting conductivities in terms of physical and chemical properties.

1.6 Electromagnetic induction studies.

(T J Shankland, Geophysics Group, M5 C335, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM 87545, USA. 0 Praus, Geophysical Institute of the Czechoslovakian Academy of Sciences, 141 31 Prague 4 - Sporilov, Bocni II 1401 CZECHOSLOVAKIA.) The concern of this session is using electromagnetic induc­ tion to understand the crust and the mantle. Papers treating inversion methods, data acquisition and modelling will be presented. Relationships of electrical structure to other geophysical observations such as seismic structure, heat flow, or geothermal research are also welcome.

5 1.7 Magnetic anomalies over the margins of continents and plates. (W J Hinze,Department of Geosci ences , Purdue University, West Lafayette Indiana 47907, USA . Telephone : (317) 494-5982 . B A Roeser , Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Federal Republic of Germany, PO Box 51 01 53 , 0-3000 Hannover Sl, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY. Telephone: (0511) 583253.)

The identification and characterization of continent and plate margins are a principal focus of current solid- Earth geophysical research. Present plate margins define the production and destruction of the Earth's crust and are the location of igneous and seismic activity . Continental mar­ gins are also the source of vast quantities of hydrocarbons . Paleoplate margins including sutures and related aulacogens define the building blocks of the continental masses , are the sites of concentrations of mi neral deposits, and are the location of intra-plate seismicity by reactivation of an­ cient zones of weakness. Investigation of crustal magnetic anomalies have a major role in defining the structure of continental margins and in comprehensive mapping of neo- and paleo-plate margins of both oceans and continents.

1 . 8 Interpretation of magnetic anomalies from the lower crust.

(W W Mundt , zentr alinstitut fuer solar-terrestrische Physik der AdW der DDR , Rudower Chaussee 5, 1199 Berlin , GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC. J L LeMouel,IGP Tour 14 , Universite de Paris VI, 11 Quai Saint- Bernard, Paris 5 , FRANCE . )

The interpretation of geomagnetic anomalies is important for the investigation of the spatial structure of the geomag­ netic field . The session will be concerned with all topics which are related to the observation and interpretation of anomalies from the l ower crust . Of particular interest are observations of these anomalies by satellites and by air­ borne, marine or ground-based surveys; separation of long­ wavelength anomalies; new theories and methods for the in­ terpretation; compl ex i nterpretation of geomagnetic anomalies from the lower crust together with other geophysical data wi t h respect to their geological genesis and tecton ic significance.

1 . 9 Analytical methods for paleomagnetism. (J C Briden, Department of Earth Sciences , The University , Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. C G A Harrison, School of Mari ne and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami Florida 331 49 , USA. P W Schmidt , CS I RO , Di vision of Mineral Physi cs, PO Box 136 , North Ryde, NSW 2113 , AUSTRALIA . )

6 The folllowing topics, among others, would be suitable for discussion at this session: 1. Methods of generating APW paths from paleomagnetic data. 2. Methods of using APW paths to determine relative positions of plates. 3. Methods of handling temporal data (such as those from sediment cores). 4. Special problems involving archeomagnetic data. 5. Statistical tests of significance. 6. Treatment of data of "inclination-only" or "declination-only". 7. Estimation of paleomagnetic field directions and associated errors.

1.10 Paleofield behaviour and core processes.

(P L McFadden, Divison of Geophysics, Bureau of Mineral Resources, GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 260l,AUSTRALIA. K A Hoffmann, Department of Physics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407, USA.)

The intention of this session is to maintain and increase the interaction and understanding between workers in the fields of paleomagnetism and dynamo theory. Important topics include: aspects of dynamo theory which have grown out of a recognition of paleofield behaviour; concepts and problems in dynamo theory which are testable with paleomagnetic data; significance and nature of geomagnetic reversals and excur­ sions; behaviour of transitional fields; variations in field strengths over periods identifiable through paleomnagnetic investigation; asymmetries between N and R polarities and in the processes of reversals; implications from paleomagnetic observations for core and mantle evolution.

1.11 Laurasian paleomagnetism and tectonics. [Posters only]

(L P zonenshain, Institute of Oceanology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Krasikova 23, 117218 Moscow, USSR. D v Kent, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palasades, NY 10964, USA. Miroslav Krs, Geofyzika NP, Na Vrskach, 152 00 Barrandov, CZECHOSLOVAKIA.)

Topics will include: 1. Growth of Laurasia. 2. Precambrian paleomagnetism and tectonics of Laura­ sian continents. 3. Paleozoic and Mesozoic accretional tectonics around Laurasian continents. 4. Paleomagnetic data and plate motion in the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans.

7 1.12 Ma gnetic carr i e r s , do main s tructure and the or i gin of remane nce .

(H C Soffel , I nstitut fue r ~ ng ew a n d t e Geophysik , Theresien­ strasse 41/ IV, D-8000 Muenchen 2 , FEDERAL REPUBL IC OF GER­ MANY. G M Smith, De partme n t of Geolo gy a nd Geophysics , University of Minnesota , Minnea polis MN 55 455 , USA. C A Lawson , US Geologic al Survey, 959 National Centor, Reston VA 22092 , USA. )

The acquisit i on of a remane nt mag n eti za t ion by r ocks depends not only on the bulk physical properties of the ferrimag­ netic minerals but also most critically on the grain size and other parameters that determine the domain state and the domain configuration in the ore grains . The symposium is focusse d on both experime ntal and theoreti cal contributions to t he knowledge of t he domain state of ferrimagnetic par­ ticles a nd thei r comb ination with macro scopically observed magnetic properti es.

1.13 Paleointensity methods and results.

(Masuro Kono , Department o f Applied Physics , Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1 , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152, JAPAN. John Shaw, Department of Geology , University College, PO Box 78, Cardiff CFl lXL, UK. Robert S Coe , Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cali fornia, santa Cruz CA 95064, USA.) 1. Archeomagnetic and paleomagnetic intensity results for the past 40 , 000 years. 2. Longer term paleointensity results. 3. Intensity variations during reversals and excursions. 4. Paleointensity results . Discussions of the implications of the paleointensity date are particularly welcome: for example, the systematics of ancie nt field intensity (spatial and temporal variations , statis tical properties , etc), the applicability and rel i ability of paleointensi ty methods (both old and new, thermal and athermal), and so on .. ..

1.14 Magnetic fabric studies .

(J-J Wagner, Laboratoire de Petrophysique, Departement de Mineralogie, 13 rue des rnaraichers, CH-1211 Geneve 4, SWIT- ZERLAND .

F Hrouda , Geofysika np 1 Box 62, 612 46 Brno, CZECH OS- LOVAKIA.) This session is concerned with the use of magnetic suscep­ tibility anisotropy measurements for obtaining information on the physical environment of formation of igneous and sedimentary rocks, and their subsequent tectonic and metamorphic history.

8 The sess i on will i nc lude pape rs o n theoretica l aspects o f rock magnetic aniso tro py, instrumental techniques and s t ati stical anal yses, t ogether with the influence o f d i f­ f e rent geological processes (physical, chemical) on the mag- netic fabric of rocks.

1.1 5 Workshop o n reconciliation of magnet ic me asu rements on natural and synthetic mate rials. [Pre-Ass embly meeting]

(Peter Shive , Department of Geology and Geophysics, Univer­ s ity of Wyoming, Laramie WY 82070 , USA. N Peter sen, Institut fuer Angewandte Geophysik, Theresien­ strasse 41/ IV, D-8000 Muenchen 2, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GER­ MANY. v Kropacek, Geophysical Institute, Bocni II, 14131 Prague 4- Sporilov, CZECHOSLOVAKIA.)

Details of the organizatio n of this pre-Assembly Workshop have yet to be finalised. Those interested should get in touch with one of the convenors.

1 . 16 General contributions.

(M W McElhinny, Division of Geophysics, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, GPO Box 378, Canber­ ra ACT 2614, AUSTRALIA.) The purpose of this session is to provide a forum for those papers of high scientific interest in the Earth~s internal magnetic field but which are not appropriate to any of the special topics sessions of Division I.

1.17 Reporter reviews.

(M W McElhinny, Division of Geophysics, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, GPO Box 378, Canber- ra ACT 2614, AUSTRALIA.)

DIVISION II:

(M H Rees, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks Alaska 99701, USA)

2.1 Thermospheric structure, dynamics and energetics of earth and planets.

(A Nagy)

9 2 . 2 Airglow and auroral excitation and models.

(A Vallance Jones, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysic s, National Research Council, Ottawa, CANADA KlA OR6.)

Contr~buted and invited papers on excitation mechanisms and spectral emission models of airglow and of proton and elec­ tron excited aurora: the excitation and height distribution of ultraviolet, visible and infrared emissions as a conse­ quence of photochemical and particle-impact processes will form the major topic.

2.3 Auroral and equatorial plasma phenomena. (R Schunk)

2.4 Middle atmosphere electrodynamics and chemistry.

(H Volland)

2 . 5 Metallic atoms and ions . (J-P Jegou)

2.6 Evolution and loss of planetary atmospheres.

(V Moroz and M K Wallis)

2.7 Remote mapping of auroral regions. Observation and inter­ pretation. [Jointly with Div.III] (C Meng and J Luhmann)

2 . 8 General contributions to Division II. (M H Rees)

10 DIVISION III:

(A Nishida, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Komaba 4-6-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153, JAPAN.)

3.1 Response of the magnetosphere to the solar wind and northward interplanetary magnetic field.

(W P Olson and D A Hardy) It is the purpose of this symposium to examine the response of the magnetosphere to the solar wind and the inter­ planetary magnetic field during intervals of northward pointing IPMF when the reconnection process is thought to be inoperative. Specific topics include 1. The Plasma sheet, the Birkeland currents, the cross tail currents and electric field. 2. The flow of energy from the magnetosheath to the mag­ netosphere and polar cap and auroral regions during in­ tervals of northward IPMF. 3. The quantitative dynamic modelling of the quiet mag­ netosphere.

3.2 ULF waves 1n space plasmas. (J c Samson) Invited papers will be sought in the following areas: source mechanisms of ULF waves, numerical simulation of hydromag­ netic waves, active experiments, hydromagnetic waves in outer magnetospheres, ionospheric radar abservations of hy­ dromagnetic waves, high-frequency substorm-associated ULF waves, and compressional ULF waves in the magnetosphere. Contributed papers are particularly encouraged.

3.3 Hydromagnetic waves at low latitudes (L<=3).

(L J Lanzerotti)

The properties of hydromagnetic waves in this region of the magnetosphere (L<=3) are not readily accessible to in situ satellite measurements and, as such, have been a relatively neglected area of ULF plasma wave research in recent times. This symposium will encourage a fresh look at ULF waves in this region of the magnetosphere and attempt to bring an un­ derstanding to recent work that suggests interesting physical effects are operating at low latitudes.

11 3.4 ELF/VLF wave studies of plasmasphere/plasmapause dynamics .

(N Kleimonova and A J Smith) It is timely to review progress in our understanding of the plasmapause . As implied by its title, this symposium will emphasize observations of ELF/VLF phenomena associated with the plasmapause boundary region, but will also concentrate on in situ observations using other techniques, and on mechanisms for formation of the plasmapause .

3 . 5 Control of the solar terrestrial interaction and mag­ netospheric substorm activity by the interplanetary medium.

(Y Kamide and Y I Feldstein) Our symposium will address dynamic processes in the mag­ netosphere and ionosphere, such as plasma convection and substorms, resulting directly or indirectly from solar­ wind:magnetosphere interactions. Reports of recent research on any aspects within this scope, both observational and theoretical studies including simulation work, are solicited .

3.6 The earth;s deep magnetotail. (R J Hynds and S W H Cowley) Considerable interest in the distant magnetotail at and beyond the lunar distance has recently been stimulated by observations from the ISEE-3 spacecraft, which from October 1982 to September 1983 made a series of traverses extending outward to distances 230 Re . The data considerably augmented information obtained previously by the Pioneer 7 and 8 spacecraft at distances of 500 and 1000 Re. Contributions to this symposium are invited on all topics pertaining to the distant tail, including theory , modelling and observations .

3 . 7 Dayside cusp , magnetopause and magnetospheric boundary layer . [Jointly with Division II]

(G Paschmann and J C Foster)

Plans are to focus on: 1. Na ture of flux-transfer events (ie small scale, impul­ sive reconnection) and their relationship to quasi­ steady reconnection . 2. Ionospheric effects , in particular ground-signature of flux- transfer events . 3. Relative contribution of reconnection and viscous in­ teraction to the cross-magnetosphere potential.

12 3.8 General contributions to Division III.

(D J Southwood)

This session is designed as a forum for up-to-the-minute ex­ change of information on topics not falling within the ambit of the other Division III sessions. (Areas of interest might include plasma sheet dynamics or particular aspects of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling.) Contributed papers and topical reviews (limited in number) are invited.

3.9 Reporter reviews.

(A Nishida)

DIVISION IV:

4.1 General contributions to Division IV on solar wind and inter­ planetary magnetic field.

(F M Neubauer, Universitaet zu Koeln, Institut fuer Geophysik und Meteorologie, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, D-5000 Koeln 41, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY.)

The general contributions session will be devoted to papers on theoretical and experimental studies of solar wind phenomena not fitting into the specialized symposia. In ad­ dition, topics concerning the interaction between the solar wind and unmagnetized or weakly magnetized bodies will be presented. We encourage particularly papers on the Venus solar wind interaction and the comet solar wind interaction.

4.2 Reporter review session and business meeting of Division IV.

(F M Neubauer,Universitaet zu Koeln,Institut fuer Geophysik und Meteorologie,Albertus-Magnus-Platz,D-5000 Koeln 4l,FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY.)

The reporter review session will contain four review lec­ tures on recent progress in all fields of solar wind research on a broad range of time and length scales in­ cluding also plasma composition and the interaction with the interstellar neutral gas. A fifth review will consider the interaction between the solar wind and the unmagnetized bodies like comets, Venus, etc. 13 4 . 3 Large scale structure and dynamics of the solar wind .

(E J Smith, 169-506 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena CA 91109, USA. 0 A Vaisberg, Space Research Institute, Profsyuznaya 88 , Moscow 117485, USSR.)

This session is intended to promote understanding of the physical processes involved in the formation of structures in the solar wind , in their subsequent evolution and dynamics, and in their accompanying effects and conse­ quences . Specific topics of interest are the identification of corotating and transient stremas and their relative fre­ quencies of occurrence during different phases of the solar cycle, explanation of the changes they undergo with time and distance and understanding of the relation between changes in the heliospheric current sheet and in solar magnetic fields.

4 . 4 Waves, disconti nuities and turbulence in the solar wind. (A Barnes,Ames Research Center , Mail Stop 245-3,Moffett Fiel d CA 94035,USA. A K Richter ,Max-Planck-Inst Aeronomy,Postfach 20 , 0-3411 Katlenburg-Lindau 3 , FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY.) The session will consist of short reports of recent theoretical a nd observational research concerned with varia­ tions in the solar wind and their interpretation in terms of waves and turbulence.

4 . 5 Composition of the solar wind .

(P aochsler,Physikalisches Institut,Sidlerstrasse 5,3012 Bern, SWITZERLAND. F M Ipavich,Department of Physics\and Astronomy,University of Maryland,College Park Maryland 20742,USA.)

This session will concentrate primarily on the abundances and states of ionization of elements heavier than hydrogen in the solar wind . Presentations are expected to include new results from ISEE on oxygen and iron abundances and charge states; recent developments in modelling the source and ac­ celeration regions of the solar wind; and possibly new findings from AMPTE.

4.6 Shocks. (Jointly with Division III]

(Steven Schwartz , Theoretical Astronomy Unit , School of Mathematical Sciences , Queen Mary College , Mile End Road, London El 4NS , UK . Chris Harvey, DESPA , Observatoire de Paris, Place Janssen , 92195 Meudon Cedex Principal, FRANCE. Eugene Greenstadt , TRW , Rl-1176 , 1 Space Park, Redondo Beach CA 90278, USA . ) 14 Potential session topics include: l. AMPTE. Anticipating a successful launch and ex­ perimental performance, we intend to provide a ses­ sion as a convenient forum for new results and their interpretations. 2. Coronal Shocks, including observational results and theoretical implications for the corona, flares, and interplanetary shocks. 3. Slow Shocks, particularly with regard to their role in magnetic reconnection in, eg, the geomagnetic tail, as well as the nature and occurrence of slow shocks in the interplanetary medium.

A further session will deal with planetary and cometary bow shocks, with special attention to the shock's role in mediating the exchange of plasma and fields between the solar wind and the magnetosphere, contact surface, or ionosphere.

DIVISION V: (W F Stuart, Geomagnetism Research Group, British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, UK.)

5.1 Workshop on magnetic observatories, survey and repeat sta­ tions.

(E R Niblett, Division of Seismology and Geomagnetism, Earth Physics Branch, 1 Observatory Crescent, Ottawa, CANADA KlA OY3. A J Forbes, British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, UK.)

A review of the current status in the development of digital observatories seems appropriate at this time. The Workshop will focus on the classical requirement for observatory standards and intercomparisons, a topic too often lost sight of in today's climate of high technology and automated procedures. Participation will be encouraged from instrument specialists, from those responsible for the operational aspects of magnetic observatories and surveys, and from those who make use of the data for construction of magnetic maps, research purposes or archiving in a data bank.

15 5.2 Processing of geomagnetic data for indices and for other ap­ plications. (C sucksdorff, Department of Geophys ics, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Box 503, SF-00101 Helsink i , FIN­ LAND. H Nevalinna, Geophysical I nstitute of t he University of Helsink i, Fabianink. 24, SF-00100 Helsinki, FINLAND.)

1. Research requirements on magnetic observatory dat a 1 in­ ternal a nd external applications: 2. Geomagnetic indices, their use and derivation by traditional methods and by computers: 3. The consequences of discrete sampling intervals and the application of filtering in the routine production of obser­ vatory data . Opinions of the users of observatory data are very important in advising observatory people what data are used, in which form and what is needed . So we hope that both users and producers of observatory data will contribute to the ses­ sion , giving examples of the uses and requirements as well as discussing the possibilities of new techni ques (e.g. in the production of indices)~

5.3 Meteor stations, wind data and analyses. [Jointly with IC- MUA]

(W G Elford)

5 . 4 Division V reviews.

(W F Stuart)

5.5 Special Topic group on geophysical alerts and forecasts.

ANTARCTIC IDC:

(J A Gledhill, Department of Physics and Electronics , Rhodes University , Grahamstown , 6140 SOUTH AFRICA . )

6.1 Antarctic ionospheric and magnetospheric studies - systematic observation , understanding and theory: AIMSOUTH .

16 The time seems ripe now for our concentrating on the com­ paris o n and interpretation of observations o f specific events made by several techniques simultaneously, and papers of this nature would be especially welcome. The s e ssio n i s also intended to serve t he usual purpose of informing members of the group about each other~s work in the ionospheric- magnetospheric field in the Antarctic and will also give the opportunity for reporting new work.

HISTORY IDC:

(H B Garrett, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California In­ stitute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena California 91109, USA.)

7.1 Historical records in geophysics and space physics.

This session is intended to promote the study and preserva­ tion of historical records. Many valuable collections of historical records are being lost as the older or finan­ cially marginal institutions that have housed these records are closed. It is critical that these data sources come to the attention of the international community so that they may be preserved. Papers on such data sources would be of great value. Specific emphasis of the session will, however, be on the use of historical records in studying long term geophysical phenomena.

7.2 Events in geophysics and space physics and the people that made them happen.

This session will commemorate the historical events and people that have contributed to the study of geophysics. Papers should cover the people, the events, and their in­ fluence on modern geophysics. Papers on the historical con­ tributions of specific countries and on the contributions of Czechoslovakian scientists of historical importance to the study of space physics and geophysics would be particularly appropriate.

17 MAP IDC:

8. AERONOMY OF THE MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE. (J Taubenheim , Academy of Sciences of GDR,Rudower Chaussee S,DDR-1199 Berlin,GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC. P C Simon,Aeronomy Institute, 3 Avenue Circulaire,B 1180- Brussels ,BELGIUM.)

8.1 UV radiances , cross sections , photochemical modelling.

8 . 2 Solar-terrestrial forcing of the middle atmosphere .

8 . 3 High-latitude phenomena .

8.4 Short-lived species in the middle atmosphere.

8.5 Long-lived species, including results of MAP-GLOBUS.

8.6 Noctilucent clouds, including results of MAP-CAMP.

8.7 Interaction of neutral and ionized components of the middle atmosphere.

INTERNAL/EXTERNAL IDC:

(DE Winch, Department of Applied Mathematics , University of Sydney , Sydney NSW 2006, AUSTRALIA.)

9 . 1 Three-dimensionally conceived Sq, L and electrojet fields.

(E Oni) The main emphasis wi ll be on Sq and L components of the cur­ rent system on both a regional and a global basis.Interpretation in the light of formation and propaga­ tion of tidal winds and conductivity of the upper at­ mosphere, the three dimensional wind dynamo and the effects of polar and equatorial electrojets. Contribution to Sq and L from non-ionospheric sources and their relationship with interplanetary processes will also be of interest. Studies of the equatorial and counter-electrojet effects and P-layer c urrents on the morphology of Sq and L will also be wel­ comed. 18 9.2 Techniques and results of Earth conductivity determinations using external/internal fields.

(Wallace H Campbell and Giovanni P Gregori)

This symposium will focus on the use of procedures derived from the Gauss harmonic analysis techniques for separation of external and internal sources of surface field measure­ ments about a sphere. Mathematical steps, data processing methods, regional or global results, and comparisons with other conductivity determinations will highlight the program. The geophysical properties of the probed region will be reviewed. Half the programme will be in an "invited tutorial" category to ensure both general instruction in and full coverage of this topic.

9.3 Integration of the main, ionospheric and magnetospheric con­ tributions to the magnetic field.

(D Schlapp and D Barraclough)

This symposium will focus on the following topics: How the contributions from the core, the ionosphere and the magnetosphere interact with one another; how they can be best modelled; how the models can be integrated into a quan­ titative description of the surface geomagnetic field and its temporal variations.

9.4 General contributions of external/internal fields.

(D E Winch,Dept Appl Mathematics,Univ of Sydney F07,Sydney NSW 2006,AUSTRALIA.)

The general contributions session will include papers that do not readily fit into the other three sessions organized by the IDC, for example, studies of day-to-day variability, magnetic storm analyses, non-local time Sq, the equator sym­ metric component of Sq, and local midnight values of mag­ netic variation current systems.

19 DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IDC: (R G Rastogi, Indian I nstitute of Geomagnetism, Colaba, Bom­ bay 400 005 , INDIA.)

10 . 1 IAGA sciences speciall y suited for developing countries.

10 . 2 Progress between 1983- 85 and future recommendations .

IAMAP ICMUA : 11. DYNAMICS AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE . (R G Roper , School of Geophysical Sciences , Geor g i a Tech , Atlanta Ga 30332, USA. A Ebel,Inst for Geophys Meteorol , Univ Cologne,D- 5000 Koeln 4l,FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY.) The following eight sessions will be devoted to the observa­ t ion , interpretation and modelling of dynamical processes in the middle atmosphere (about 20- 110 km height) . Coupl ing of the middle atmosphere with the tropos phere and higher thermospheric layers wi l l also be discussed. One of the main topics will be momentum and heat transport due to at­ mospheric waves (gravity, tidal and planetary waves) as well as turbulence (2- and 3-dimensional)~

11. 1 Progress in remote sensing techniques from the ground and from satellites.

11.2 Dynamics of the stratosphere , including troposphere coupling .

11. 3 Dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere .

11. 4 Circulation model s of the middle atmosphere.

11. 5 Tides , gravity waves and tur bulence.

11.6 Climat ol ogy o f t he middle at mospher e .

20 11.7 Coupling between photochemistry and transport in the middle atmosphere.

11.8 Tides in the middle atmosphere. [Workshop]

(J M Forbes,31 Dean Road,Wayland,Ma 01778,USA.) During the two years prior to the ICMUA meeting in Prague, the working group will have examined various aspects of deducing tides from data time series, including· spectral analyses, filter methods, Fourier fits, and addressing ques­ tions such as "variability" and measures of "uncertainty" in derived tidal components. Tentative conclusions and recom­ mendations will have been discussed at the Kyoto MAP sym­ posium in November, 1984. One purpose for this workshop will be to finalize these conclusions and arrange for their publication. A second matter for discussion will be the feasibility and value of developing an observationally-based climatological model of tidal winds and temperatures in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere.

11.9 Results from the MAP-WINE project. [Workshop]

(U von Zahn,Physikalisches Institut,Univ Bonn l,Nussallee 12,0-5300 Bonn,FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY.)

11.10 Downward penetration of solar activity effects into the middle atmosphere. [Workshop]

(A D Belmont,Meteorology Research,Control Data ,PO Box 1249,Minneapolis MN 55440,USA. A Ebel,Inst for Geophys Meteorol,Univ Cologne,D-5000 Koeln 4l,FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY.) The aim of the workshop is to contribute to a better under­ standing of solar-induced changes in the atmosphere through presentations restricted to less controversial topics in the field of solar-terrestrial relationships. Therefore it is intended to concentrate mainly on effects observed and/or modelled at middle stratosphere heights and above. Contribu­ tions about radiation and particle effects, response mechanisms, solar activity data, etc, are solicited.

21 IAMAP ICR:

12 . RADIATION IN THE MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE .

(J C Gille, National Center for Atmospheric Research , PO Box 3000 , Boulder Colorado 80307 , USA ; F W Taylor, Department of Atmospheric Physics , Clarendon Laboratory , Ox ford OXl 3PU , UK. )

The symposium consists of four sessions covering theoretical and experimental results on rad iative transfer, non-LTE processes, spectrosc opy relevant to the middle atmosphere and remote sensing . For the latter , emphasis will be on re­ cent observations and future measurements related to major middle atmosphere programmes such as the NASA upper at­ mosphere research satellite.

12.1 Calculation and comparison of radiative heating and cool ing rates.

12. 2 Non LTE processes.

12. 3 Remote sensing in the Middle Atmosphere.

12. 4 Spectroscopy relevant to the Middle Atmosphere.

22 BUSINESS MEETINGS.

IAGA

Division I Friday, 9th~ pm Room 11 II Wednesday, 7th~ eve 10 III Tuesday, 13th~ eve 12 IV Friday, 9th~ eve 9 v Tuesday, 13th; eve 8 Antarctic Monday, 12th; eve 3 History Tuesday, 13th; eve 3 MAP Wednesday, 7th; eve 11 Int/Ext Friday, 9th; eve 3 DevCtries Wednesday, 14th: pm 5

IAMAP

ICMUA Thursday, 8th; eve 11

WORKING GROUP MEETINGS

IAGA

I-1 Thursday 8th; am Room 4 I-2 Thursday 8th: pm 4 I-3 Wednesday 7th; am 5 I-4 Friday 9th; am 4 I-5 Wednesday 7th~ pm 5 I-6 Wednesday 7th; pm 5 V-1 Wednesday 7th; eve 9 V-2 Wednesday 7th; eve 8 V-3 Thursday 8th; eve 9 V-4 Thursday 8th; eve 8 V-5 Friday 9th; eve 10 v-6 Monday 12th; eve 9 V-7 Monday 12th; eve 8 V-8 Friday 9th; eve 8 MAP-1 Wednesday 7th; am 7 MAP-2 Wednesday 7th; pm 7

COS PAR

CIRA - Middle Atmosphere Working Group

Saturday lOth; all day Room 8

23 NORTH SIDE SOUTH SIDE 3 4 5 p 8 9 10 p 11 12 (77) ( 7 7) (77) (77) (77) (105) (242) (264)

MONDAY AM IAGA PLENARY MEETING 5 AUGUST PM 1.2 1.10 4.6 2 . 1 11.1 3.6 EVE OPENING CEREMONY

TUESDAY AM 1. 4 1.12 8.6 4.6 2.1 11.2 3.1 6 AUGUST PM 1.1 1.12 4.5 2.1 11.3 3 . 1 EVE RECEPTION

WEDNESDAY AM 9 . 1 1.1 I-3 MAP1 4 . 6 2.3 11.4 3 . 5 7 AUGUST PM 9.1 1.1 I-5/6 MAP2 4.6 2 . 3 11.6 3.5 EVE V-2 V-1 II MAP

THURSDAY AM 9.2 I - 1 1.7 5 . 1 4.3 2.1 8.4 3.5 8 AUGUST PM I - 2 1.7 5 . 1 4.3 2.4 8.4 3.7 EVE V- 4 V- 3 ICMUA

FRIDAY AM 9.3 I-4 1.5 5.1 4.1 2.4 11.7 3.7 9 AUGUST PM 5.3 4 . 4 8 . 5 I 3.7 EVE IE V-8 4.2 V-5

SATURDAY AM CIRA 4.4 8.5 3.8 10 AUGUST PM CIRA EVE

SUNDAY AM 11 AUGUST PM EVE crf ~~~ MONDAY AM 6.1 1.9 8.1 2 . 7 11.5 3 . 3 12 AUGUST PM 7.2 1.9 8.1 2 . 7 11.5 3.4 EVE ANT V- 7 V-6

'rUES DAY AM 9.4 1.14 1.3 5 . 5 2.6 8.7 8 . 2 3 . 9 13 AUGUST PM 7.1 1.3 1.6 5.4 11.8 2.5 8.2 3 . 9 EVE HIST v III

WEDNESDAY AM 1.13 1.6 10 . 1 2.2 11.10 12.1 3 . 2 14 AUGUST PM 1.13 1.8 10.2 2 . 2 12 . 2 8.3 3 . 2 EVE SOCIAL EVENI~G

THURSDAY AM 12.3 1.8 1.16 2 . 2 5 .2 11.9 3.2 15 AUGUST PM 1.16 1.11 2.8 5 .2 11.9 12.4 3.8 EVE

FRIDAY AM 5 .2 1.17 3 . 8 16 AUGUST PM IAGA PLENARY MEETING EVE

SATURDAY AM 17 AUGUST PM EVE

24 SUBMISSION OF ABSTRACTS

Acceptance of a paper at the Assembly is made on the basis of an abstract (carbon copy) sent to the appropriate convenor. His ad­ dress 1s given either under the title of a particular session or under the heading for a group of sessions. You should indicate in which session you would prefer your paper to be considered but changes in assignment may be forced on a convenor. The original typed abstract should be sent to the IAGA Secretary General.

Your abstract should be typed in this format: Title Authors (with the speaker~s name underlined) and their addresses. Text of Abstract

The text of the Abstract must conform to the following specifica­ tion: It must be typed with a pitch of 4 characters to the centimetre (or 10 to the inch) with a 12-point leading (line spacing), that is 2.5 lines to the centimetre (or 6 lines to the inch). There must be no backslant, oblique, italic or script characters. The abstract must lie within a rectangle not exceeding 160 mm (6.3 inches) wide by 32 mm (1.33 inches) high. There is thus an upper limit of 8 lines containing 63 characters on each line; a total of approximately 84 words or significantly less if your composition is sesquipedalian.

(If your abstract does not conform to this, it may be arbitrarily trimmed to fit the available space and if the sense of it is thereby lost that is your responsibility.)

THE ABSTRACT (THE COPY) MUST BE IN THE HANDS OF THE CONVENOR AND THE ORIGINAL IN THE HANDS OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL NO LATER THAN

1ST APRIL 1985.

Secretary General IAGA Natural Philosophy Aberdeen University Aberdeen AB9 2UE SCOTLAND UK

25 Fifth Scientific Assembly of IAGA, with IAMAP

Technical School, Prague Czechoslovakia. 5-17 August, 1985

The following twelve pages are reproductions of part of the second circular issued by the Prague Local Organizing Committee 1n October , 1984. Pages 39 and 41 may be cut out for use as registration forms : further details are available from Dr v Kropacek IAGA: Geophysical Institute, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences Bocni II 14131 Praha 4 - Sporilov CZECHOSLOVAKIA

26 In res ponse to a n invitation extend ed by t h e Czech oslovak Academy of Sciences , Pragu e throug h its Na tional Committee for Geophysics and Geodesy, The Interna tional Asso ciation o f Geo­ magnetism a nd Aeronomy wi ll hold i ts Fifth Scientific Assembly

in Pragu e from 5 to 17th Aug u s t 1985 . Two commi ssio n ~ o f I AMA P plan to hold scientific sessions in conjunc tion wi th tho IAGA Scie ntific Assembly

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Organizing Committee wish es to r ecord i t s a ppreci Gt­ ion of assi s tance rende r e d by The Geophysical Institute CSAV, The IAGA Executive Committ ee The Technical School CVUT The Czechos lovak Trave l Agency Cedok

VENUE Prague - "The h eart of Europe ", "the Ro yal Ci t y ", " a city of a hundr e d s p ires" , "golden city"- so i s call e d Pragu e , the capital of the CSSR, centerpic6e of political, economic a nd cultural life of Czecho s lovakia . The ci t y, s itLat­ ed on both banks of the Vlta va rive r, dominated by the pano - r a ma of the Prag u e Castle, with a numbe r of cultural a nd hi - s torical s pots, ranks among the mo s t magnificent cit ies in Europe. Each historical p er i od h as l e ft its trace in it. Vi sitors to Prague can admir e h e r architecture : Roma ncsque buldings from the lOth century , churches, mi ddl e - c l ass houses from the Gothic pe riod (it i s this period tha t i s along with Baroque, mo s t outs t andingly imprinte d in the archi­ tecture of the city), Baroque churches , palaces and garden s, Rococo, Empire and Art nouveau, but a lso modern a r c hi t ecture. All this is dominated b y the Pragu e Castle with the Ro yal Pa lace a nd Cathedral. On e of the ancient parts of Prague i s also the gothic with its Old Town Hall and as trono - mica! clock. However, in enumerating Prague highlights , one mu s t not forget to me ntion the University (the oldest in Central Europe), the Lesser Town with numerous Baroque monu - ments, one of the oldes t bridges i n Europe - Charles Bridge,

27 and the theat re wher e "Don Gio Yanr:.i" , which Moza r t dedicated t o Prague people , was produced f or the first Lime . At t he pr esent time, Prague i s a modern metropolis with more than a mi lion inhabittlnLs . It is a meeting place of quite a number of i nternation al e vent s , music festivals such as the Prague Spr ing, TV-festivals, congresses, and the like . On e of the mo st noteworthy buildings to have been erected in Prague recently is undoubt edly the modorn Congr ess Hall a complex designed to meet even the most exacting demands .

CLI MATE Usual weather in Prague f rom August 5th to 17th based on observations in Prague 1954-1 983 :

0 August mean te~perature about 1 9 C. Mean sucshine about 7, 5 hours - probabil ity of precipitat ion about 30% .

TRANSPORT IN PRAGUE Del ega t es arriving by air s hould t ake the Shu ttle bus service to their hot el and book it i n the r egi stration form. Th e time-table will be sen t to i ndividual participants in ac­ cordance with their ma r ks in t h e r egistration form. Taxi service or public transport i s avail abl e, too . Delegates travell i ng by train s ho uld alight a t Main St ation (Hlavn:i nadraii) , and continue on the under ground or by a taxi avail able the r e . Delegates s t aying at the INTERNAT­ IONAL Hotel or a t the hotel s beyond easy walking distance or the Congress Ce ntre are r ecommended to take the underground (line A) to t he LENIN-station and optionally tram Nr .18 and 23 . Hotel ALCROX is locat ed at ihe MUSEUM unGer g r ound stat ion . Hotel FLORA is located a t the FLORA underground s t ation . The connecti on to the Congr ess Centre i s by l ine A.

REGISTRATION FEES Registrat i on will s t a rt at the Technical Univer sit y, - Dejvice, Thakurova 7. a t 10. 00 o'clock on Sunday 4th Aug. l 985 . Th e r egistr ation f ee f or each partici­ pant (or accomp anying pe r son i n teres ted i n the basic l a dies programme) includes the admission to the Congress Building,

28 Congress ma ter !Ctls (not f or acc oi~:p a n_gn ;s p'..)rsons) a n <:! al l the

followi~g events :

.\I o n·: ~ay , Aug · 5 Q ~~i!l:_Q.g_ ~ ~ 1~~ mo1:!Y. (Pl ay Czech Ph j I harmonic Ordws tra)

Tuesd ay, Aug .:J ~ C2 ~ <-:_ o rn ~ _ ~g_ ~ ~ 2 tl ~.!:!. - ThE in trod u c to'..' y g e t- tog u the r of p.J. rticipants in all me eting room.s of the Internatjon'11 riotcl ,vj_th CL:e c h s p eciali ties , t y pical mu ~i c , fo l klore pr og r a mllle 2. ncl unlimi ted 80 '1 su : np L ~ on o.f Pilsn 3r Urc; ue ll beer

Fri . ,Aug .9 or §. ~gh L. ~~ <~ ~r~_g __~ ou.c_Qf _fr a.~~ ':!..~ - o i'i' or s .1n o p po r L il-­ Thu.,Aug .l5 ni ty to se G the r :1rest monuments o.~.· t h ousand - ~~lo r ning or year-long his t ory ( <:t1 110ng others the Prag u e Afternoon Cas tle, Charles Bridge and the Old Town -Hall. with an astronomical c lock. Lunch in ti1 e h os t Pn1gue r estcwrants inc luded Date and t ime acc ording to individual choice. Wed .,Aug.7 or Visit to Lhe theatre - the -.vo r lcl-kno·.m e n scm!J l c Tu o. , Au g . 1 3 Laterna ~ia gica - a multi;ncdi.a , c omb i.nation of Evening th e a tre ( wi thout words ) , 1.1u s i c , film, ball c t a nd audio-vi s u a l tec hnique . Dat e accordj ng to individua l c hojcc .

Wed. ,Aug .l4 ~ oc i a _!_ ~y~ ni g_g Evening The r egistration fees a r c to be ind icated in tho r egistration form and are to be sent (toge the r with othe r pay­ r.1en t s) to the CED OK - Congress S oc tion before :,i.Jrch l 5, l 985 . Th e price i s 90.- USS' before Lh c iTien t i one d da t e and 110. - l'S.S aft er , but before l st Jun e ( 720 , - or 880, - Czec h c rown s) . AfLor l s t ,June 1 985 t h e price ·.;i. il lJe 1 30. - USS' (1040,- Kcs) . StudenL-par ticipants are g r.1 ntcd a r eduction of 50 % of Lh e f e c . ( Czech crown -= Kc s ) . Accompany ing pers ons interes t ed in the basi c ladies programm e (including the events mentione d above) arc ask ed k indly to pay 40 .- USS' b e fore 15 t h Ma r ch and 48. - USS a fte r thi.s date (400,- or 180, - Kc s ). Accompanying p erson s can a l s o book the compl ete ladies prog r a mme ( sec Ladies'Programme) a nd they a r e asked kindly to pay 100. - US S' be for e 15 th Mar c h and 108 . - US S' af t e r this date {1 .000 ,- or 1.080,- Kc s ). The coffipl e t e l a di. es prog ratnme au toma tically includes the basic ladies proe; r a mm e.

INSURANCE The Organizing Co mmittee cannot accept res pons ibility £or pe r s ona l accident or loss of or d a mage to the private property of Assembly pa rtic ipants whi c h may eith er occ ur

29 during or arise from the IAGA Assembly 1985. Intend ing parti­ cipants should ther efore take whatever steps they consider necessary as regards insurance .

ACCOMMODATION Participants will be accommod a t ed in Prague Interhotels and student hostels. The accommod ation arrangements include - a cco!Thlloda tion per person and day be tween 17 - 47 IJS.S in hotels and 11 - 30 US$ i n hostel s - hotel coupons for breakfast and one additional meal a day (be tween 10 - 14 US Z) which can be used not only for lunch or dinner but for drinks and refr eshments, too . This applies to hotel accommodation only, not to s t udent hos tels - basic mon ey exchange ( "pockP- t mon ey") in the equival ent of 8 US$ a day, payable to the participant s in Czechoslovak currency on arrival in the r egistrati on office at the tourist rate of exchange . Th e following po ssibiliti es are offered Hotel I NTERNATIONAL - Cat. **** 5 minutes walk f rom the Congress Building . The main and s trong l y r ecomm ended accommodation facil ity of the IAGA Assemb­ l y. Approx . 400 beds in various types of rooms (all with bath) are available. Class A offers a high s t andard of comfort including single rooms 57,- US$ (454, - Kcs), double rooms 48,- US$ (371,- Kcs) and do ub l e rooms for singl e use 75,- US$ (621,- Kcs) Class B with UNITS (small suit es ) is very convenient for a longer s t ay . A UNIT has a separate double room 42- 48,- US$ (344,- - 402,-Kcs) and a s ingle room , sharing a ' ba throom, with the same charge . The charge for s ingle -use double room may vary between 64,- US$ (565,- Kcs) a nd 76,- US$ (682,- Kcs) Class C ar e docble rooms, l arge apartments at 66,- US$ (57 9,- Kcs)per day . Hotel ALCRON - Cat. ***** located in the centre of the City, 10 minutes by under­ ground from the Congr ess Building . This is a l uxury hotel wi th the highest standard of services and a pleasant old a tmo s?h ere . Th e cha rge for a single room is 69.- US$ (570,­ Kcs), do uble room 62,- OSS (499, - Kcs)and double room for single use 99,- USS (858,- Kcs).

30 Hotel FLORA - Cat . *** 15 minutes by under g round fro m the Cong ress Building . A quie t milieu. Rooms with or without bath. The char ges may vary between 40, - US$ (290,- Kc s ) and 47, - USS (363 ,- Kcs ) for single rooms, between 35, - USS (244,- Kcs) a nd 41,- USS (300,- Kcs) for double rooms and between 49, - G S~ (382, - Kcs) and 61, - USS (493,- Kcs) for sing l e -use double rooms .

STUDENT EOSTELS All within a few minutes'walk of the Assembly and without any meal s . Dimitrovova ho stel - Double rooms 24, - USS (141, - K ~s ) with a bathroom and sep . w.c. Th e ch a. r ge for a singl e -usc double room is 38, - US$ (281,- Kcs). Othe r hos tel s - Ordinary double- and triple-bed r ooms . Shower and w. c. on each floor only . Th e charge i s 19 . - US S (101,- Kcs). The c ha r ge for a single-use room i s 30.- USS ( 201, - Kcs ) .

Pl ease notice, that the number of s ing l e rooms i s l i mited and, therefore, other possibilities a r e offer ed 1n Regi s trati on Form No .1. The final price will be i ndicated i n the prelimina r y invoice according to the a ctua l t ype of room orde r ed . Accommod ation bookings requi r e the payment of an ob lig ­ a tory accommod a t i on deposit. All pa rticipant s a r e requested to pay a de po sit of 50,- USS (500,- Kcs ) to Cedok - Co ng r ess

Sect i on toge ther with Registration F~rm No .1. For participants s t aying a t hostel s, catering vouch er s for a l a r ge university refec tory serving breakfast, lunc h and dinner, will be available a t an a ddi tiona l charge in the r egistration office of the Assembly. Hote l guests can make use of this service for their working lunches.

31 PR E-A SSEMBLY EXCCRSION

Th t> excurs ion wi ll s t ar t at 10.00 on Monday 27th J uly and end on Sunday 4th Au~ u s t . It \\Ill J. nclude v1 sit s to ex­ posu r e~:; of forma tions 0 f pal e OJP Ognc~ tj C and ,!?;CO logical in tC.rCS i i n Wes t ancl No .rlh-We:st 1.3ohemj.a . Tll e one-day sc!=:sj on I. 15 wi l l also be held duri ng the excur sion and paleomagnetic laborato­ ries wi ll be visited {st·c· Assemb ly excursion) .

Accommodati on will be i.n Prag ue the same as offered during t h e Assembly (pleas e mark the c hosen al t ernative in r egistra t i on fo rm No .1 ) a nd in a holcl of XKK category in Carls bad . The hotel ther e has roomN wi th or WJ thout ba th and the char ge~ per person a nd day may vary between 35 . - US$ and 61,- US $ (244 ,- - 493,- K6s) . The payme nt of the c hosen hotel in Prague wi ll not be r equested if the participants i n th e excursion a r e accommodated out of Pragu e .

An additional char ge (under 30,- US$) mu y be r equired i n order t o manage the transport and s ome events . Th e num~e r of participants is l i mited . Further i nf orma t ion fro m Dr.VoKropacek, Ge ophysical Ins titute, Bocni II, Prague 4 w1l l be mailed to the inter es t ed p ~ r ticipants accor dLng t o theirs ma rks i n registr ation form ~ o . 2 .

ASS£M8LY EX CU RSION

Two or mor e visi t s will be made to Pale omagne t ic l obo - r a t ories i n Prague a nd PrQhonico (1 0 km f r cm Prague) and to t he I o no ~ ph c r ic observatory at Panski Vcs (60 km f rom Prague) . The Assembl y exc ursion is assumm od to be interes t i ng to s pecialis t s and i t is i nc luded i n the r egi s tra tion fee .

Please nwr k you r inte r est ~ n reg i s trati on form ~o. 2 .

32 LADIES , PROGRAM!:!£

A separate program.ne for the ~ pau ses and accompanying persons ol' particj pants will represc·nt the top of what they can see i n Prague~ The events ol'ferod ba s ic ladi o s'program~ ook f'o1 · indiv ultlitl additionill events : Tu~sd<:!:_)'L~~..: 6 Mor!:!: i n g_=---._Qpcn~ng_Q_.£ _ th e· !i_l_c!_i c s, ' nrc•gr

WeQ_g~~day, Aug _:_ 7 M~!'~1ing _ lin~}- . !~r~ c h )_:=_~ ~ssc~!:_! ow_Q

A special sightsee ing tour tak(;s tho vi s itor~ to th o most noteworthy s ights or this oldes t and 11icn,.,t Pra!! IH' di .-.:triet, i.n c l. lhc Church of St. N·icholas and Wallenste in Palace ~ wi th a boa11tlful garden . Lunch in it t y:>ica L r·cs t auran t . - I'L- 3 ( l :l J , - )

Th~r~Q_~ty, Aug. 8 Mor·n ing - Je11' i s h _~he!J:Q

Ti.1 e excursion to tho .former J()wi.sh L; h e tto i. n c l t rd c~s d visit to the well-preserved Sy nagogue, lo tlte Stil l P J<)"' r s h ~lrJs D tlm and thP Old J ewish Cemete ry. Refreshment in a sty! i s h c ol"l"c:c·llolls<· includod - Price 11.- US$ (111,- Kcs) .

~~ daLA ug..:.1:3_ t\1 or n i..!_1 g a n~_tl_!_ c ~Q.~~!__:::_~Q. i ~.l!i n r;

Poss ibility or purchas ing tho rarc's l S OliVC' Ilii'S ('rom Cz echoslovakia (Mo s er g lass, chiHa , Cz ech Jl;il rii<'Ls , dcdicitL C' ">­ sen , products of folk and art crarts) - Pri ce 2 . -/S (1 5, -~c s}

T.~~s d a y, A11 g. 1 3 Morni ng___u_~ ~ :~n c !.!__) _ =.__g_o 11 v C£!_t -~ S L.:..~gn l'>i_:.

~£...!:__0 ~ll~~y. Complex of r esidenti al a nd convettt IHJi l dings , founded by 'King Woncesl ;:s in 1 23tl. Jn the newly r c•s torod i)a r t, beautiful permane nt exhibitions of lDth-cc nL. Czc'ch (lil !llt r ug (the Czechoslovak National Gallery). - Pri cc• L

Wedn cs da y ,Au ~4 Morning- .Monument ~.£.._ Ni1tional Lit nraJ:~~·

Farewell concert. The participants ar c going to vi s it the ~lo­ nument of National Literatur e in Lhe l a r ge comp l c·x of the uniq11 e Baroque S trahov Monastery with valuab l e a ncj o nt h :d l s and magnificent old libraries. Farewell concert in a beautiful interior, n top Prrtguc e nsem­ ble of c hamber music. -Pri ce 12.- US$ ( L1 9,- Kc s).

Only for the Fas h ion show and Shopping no bus trans port i s provided. The pri ces o.f individual events as we ll as or t h o complele ladi es' progranun e should be ma rked i n Lhe r egi s tra Lion form and are to LJe paid b efore March 15, I 985 or an add it i.on ­ al a mount will be charged.

All events will be arranged jf a s ufficient number of participants a re interes ted (over 25).

33 SOCIAL AND TOURIST PROGRAMME

The organi zers wi ll arra nge an attrac t i ve sel ec tion of cultural e ven t s and touris t trips to enable the participants to r el a x during their l eisure time and to see the mo s t interest­ ing sights of Prague and its s urroundings . The res pective offer comple t es the scientific programme . Th e add1ti ona l payment and t he sel ec tion should be marked in the r egistration form.

Sunday, Aug-= ~ - ~V_tlol e~ Ji.nc l ~ ) !J!l_c):lJ _-_ Excurs ion to Southern oohemia The visi tor s arc going to inspect the medi eval town Tabor , founded i n 1420 as the centre of the r evoluti onary Hu ssite mov e­ ment, and the n they wi ll visit the Ne o-Gothic Hluboka Chateau with its r are c ollecti on s of various ob jects of a r t . Pr1ce : 24, - USS (235 , - Kcs) .

Thur s~ay , Aug . 8 (I) or Monday, ~~~ Il _ Ev eni n g - Beer Pa rty A dinne r wi th an unlimited consumption of beer and mus ic in the typica l Prague beerballs (for the first t icke tholde r s - the famous pub of the good sol dier Schweik "U kalicha") . Date at y our choice - Price : 10 . - g (100,- Kcs) . fri day, Aug . 9 Evening - Evening in the win e- cell ar A dinn er in th e t y pical wi ne-ce lla r (Slovak koliba) - specialities , excellent wines , cy mbal music a nd folklore enter­ t ainment - Price : 20.- USi (200,- Kcs) . Saturday , Aug.lO Morning Shopping Guided s hopping of the r ar est s ouvenir s from Czecho - s lovakia (Mo ser glass , china, Czech garne t s, produc t s of fol k and art c r a fts} . Price 2 .- USS (15 ,- Kcs) . Satur day, AuE . 10 Afte rnoon - i ncl . dinnor - Pearls of Czech Gothic a rt The i t i ner ar y includes a n i ns pec t ion of the Gothic Ceskj §ternber k Castl e and a vis it to the medieval town Kutn a Hora wi th a former very rich a nd f amous silver-mint and a wealth of Gothic archi tectural .nonume nts (the Cathedr al of St. Barbara and Italian Cour t) . Price : 18 ,- $ (175 , - K6s). Sat, Au&.:_!Q_-:_ _? un. Aug .ll - Overnight tour incl.full-boar d Castl es and Chateaux of Sou the rn Bo hemi a Route : HlubokA - nco-G othic Cha teau with a beautiful Engl i sh park and valuable collections of furniture, t a pes try , glass , china e t c . Ceskj Krumlov - historical town ; Renaissance ch a t eau , the second l argest manor complex in Czechos lova kia with a genui ne Duroque theatre in its park. C esk~ nud~jov ice - ~e tropoli s of Souther n Bohemia wi th numer ­ ous monuments origina Led in the Gothic a nd Renais - sance per iods ; accommo dation in the hotel Gomel {xxx , all r ooms wi th bath) .

34 .Jind.fichuv Hradec - medi eval town ; Renaissance manor with r a r e collections of Baroque pictures . CervenA Lhota - Renaissanc e water manor with collections of pictures by Dutch artists. TAbor - his torica l town, founded in 1420 as the centre of the revolutionary Hussite movement ; well-preserved medi e ­ val houses and a system of subterranean defensive corridors. Price ; 78 US$ (780,- Kc s ). ~und~, Aug.ll - Whole-day (incl.lunch and barbecue) Beauties of Bohemia - Route : Koneprusy caves - three-s torey caves with stalactite and stalagmite features. Karlste jn- Gothic Castle, founde d by Charles IV, the Holy Roman Emperor and King of Bohemia, as a stronghold of the Czech and Imperial coronation jewe l s . Slapy - holiday area round a dam-lake Konopiste - luxurious hunting castle, the formar r esid e n Ge of the successor to the Austrian thro~e Ferdinand d 'Es te ; verj' rich collections of we r:t pons and hur. ting trophies

- dinner served a t a villa~e - stylish r estaurant, venison specialities Price 25.- US$ (250,- Kcs)

~~ t~rd•~.Y2... _~~g ~ ~ 7 - Whol e~d ~- {i.1.~!c ~!.~f!

The participants are going to visit the Orlik Castle with valuable collections of weapons, hunting trophies a~d wood-carvings, and the Zvikov Castle, whose palace chapel is a veritable gem of Czech Early-Gothic art. The programme includes a cruise on the Orlik da m-lake. Price : 20.- US$ (200,- Kcs).

Only Beer Party without bus transport.

The prices of th~ events should be paid beforehand together with the registration fee. The above mentioned excursions are s ubject to the attanda nce of at least 15 participants, Beer Party and Evening in the wine-cellar are based on a minimum of 26 participants. Tours "Excursion to Southern Bohemia" and "Charm of Central Bohemia" are organized in any case;

35 I I , <: , l l It tl' tic • l•t ,.,. • 1! It 1 1..., 1 1 IIlli 'o 1· , ·.:t:tll up l ;11 ('!·" I ·' •. I I I t l l' l"l • j)l' \ l I\ I' I !'. I:-. t I 1111 I'(, I I IL I < II-

I d ' I I cl l I \ <" I ,.. I • " L Ill' , I .... '

1 ;!< I n-. I t I '' ( L•l ll{ ol t IIlii I d I'• ::·J l l1 l' ttl{ .c I ' • t'h'l 1 Ll· I Jll

)"( - I .... t I • t I Ill I I I 'I J. t• l'l \ rl}l: I-'-~~-·__!_ \ 1 t t

!I • l'lJ, I JI~Jl 1 l''"" ::JJ ll llll' "'

I· tot· I I '"'"l'ld, •Jilt

I. ~fl . llllOlll '-'-.IIO:l!Jc.

- 11.c•n o I t lw <"1·11- 1 t ...... - J.,c:... ~:,;e: ltl y ,

- (' I J (.) li l ~ 1\i I ll'l. '

j>i:l) rrl le l II (\•d t·i-; - l't II~ I l'-. -.. -il < l lOll oi'L '>I I t l (l i l ..: cltlt~ l'e:::.:!S

r· , d <"~ - c· n n ... 1·v ., .._ s, · < t 1 , 111 , i\ " P i· 1 ;.,. o P [· 1 t- , c:-> J 1 1 L , r , ,E! , l( • 1 .

2 . f\) l .. rnl lt ,tn ... ltl' to 1\dut..'-:- .,<· t t1 111 \ t . l !ILOO I 'it>JIUJOI~ ., t Lh lite 7, ,.,., •; Ll'IIS I:;: I

( a c· c, py 111 Lll• LJ

cl p pi I (' <.1 t i 0 II f' Ill' l!} ,

l pnn I'L'Ct 1 pt o l Uli" !:a -.: i <' p<.yn.t 11 1 ancl the t 'l'!. 1~ lration J' nl.' , [·c ·d d.;- Cc ; IJ !:, !' C.s ~ .Scc.lion ,q] l rc·nl'irn tile IHl y n.c rt a~ we ]]

<.l ~ Ill< <•J 'dCI'tt' st• J ' \'i< e~ and \\ill :;;c n l you c1 J)J'elunimt J')' l ll\ oi ce

i' ot· L:w J'!' llHI I n 111 1 ;Jtllllltlll of lliiii i C.' ) f o r arc omnudat ion. This final

II'<' ..-::!!lllllt' l•e pa t ti l\ o ne tf lho ;tl~ o ' e :r.<.: t: t roncd mt•a n s ol pa)

Ill<~ ll t .!D' __:~~ ~J...z-L!_ • ~ ~ -~ _ _L fw 1 ; t l O s L .

•~ t·r; ardiiH : Lllc p o~·s il lllitr or p~cl u­ _.,jve Ly o r rat~i 7.c

0 l hOU !!IP 0 r ·_l~ .!2..!:_ D. 0 t i CC: S

Pa rlJ cipar:ts l'run so c·in.ljs t Ct;untrus pay j n Czechos l ovak Cro .m s , p

36 I I a parlt<.:.ipd tll d ur~. nol r·e ;•Jl auy iiC'CO.nt 1dali on clupos il

lllc \\~101v itmo tml o!' IJI'f~i m it l

i on a t'l L' r· ~11 s ;, r'l' 1 v a I r1 L til c r<' !... i " l r- il l 1 on o [' fi c (.! c nl y, L he

rc~pecl tve p icc • t l l he i n cn·;t<;;cll l:v ;111 < ' X I : r ·c~s ~ ttrc!l< ll '!!,<' of' 20 °(. • C<.'dr·k I'C 'l t "lr;tlrc' n tJflice 11 ill opc r

Lhc Asscrnl l ) 111 orcfc 1 to a rr an~ ·; 1· tlw n:!'rl C.'· l'xc : ;;J r:t~u , Lo n f l c•r

Ll10 rH.l d i l 1 () n (" h ( 0 k 1 1H.' lJ r t (llJ J' i "' l rt 11 d :-, (I c 1iI I l' \ u 11 t ::-- illl d L 0 cf l'ucL the• r cgu.; Lr;Jtion 011 l11c> :-.,.o t. 1':1i"' <'"c·cJock of'i'if'c <-:cccpls

al.so Lr

CA l(:£ LUTJONS, Hf::FL' NL POLl CY

lf can cc ll<1ti o n o f acco:ntiPclaL ion i ~ r cce:vcd hy Cc• dcd"­

Con £_; r ess See t1 o n lly Jul y J l, ISbC: LIH · t·cfu nd wi ll he ll'itcJ C in full. :\fle r Lli s dale the r c f'unc' ;v.i ll he c f'f'cc l cd minu s the• ca n cellaljon r ec or :30 ,- LS$ (:wo,- Kc'·.-:; t 'C~f : ) per p(: r·s<"'· ln

case lhe r ec; t~<:s t l o r ~ho J ·Lc t,in !~ o r canee lJ

Asser.· t,l y only , the n 'S!J<'C l.i.,·e CI;J:o t ~ ll l ·: ill n o l be n · i ml,llr::;ed .

l'hc ::-oc ial a nd t o ttt' i<::t C\'ClltS C'

e:> O % o.f the price cJ' tho .;;c sc rv1. ce~. . lf

not full ( ac conlin r~ t o t he pr·c, io usly s lal<•d li .llits ) i_-; C

VlSAS

Upon r ece ipt of tho r eg i s trati on l'orm a nd lhc bas i c p ay­ me nt, Codok- Co n t~ r ess Sec tion \\'ill s 11pply Lhc par li c i. pants from the r es p ective c o un tries with the Applica l i on fon1 !' or Czecro­ s lovak visa with a stamp which will rr u a r a nlcc t h e e xc ~ ptio n

from t h e obl igatory c urr e ncy exc han !~l' wi th Lhc Czcch os l o\'uk borde r a uthorities ( this o blig atory c urrency excl·

37 slovak e ntry visas are issuf:d a t the bor der crossings or by Cecok-Congr ess Section i n Prague . Pl ease as k for visa well i n advance . After arriving in Czechosl ovaklu , participants a r e i n their own int erest req u es t e~ kindly to present visa forms t o t he Cedok staff at t he r egi s t r ation or ~· ice so that they might to wri t e ~own t he pre pa i d amo ~ nt .

S P E C I A L 0 f F E R

BETTEH MONEY EXCdANGE -- ---'-'---'-..;;....:;:~..;;; If a ll t he services are paid befor e June 1,1985, as r equested, the registration of f ice of Cedok - Congress Section will be a ble to off e r you an advant age ous money exc h a ~ge for your further e xp~nses at a bet t er rate with ge t t i ng an extr a bonus (for Cedok s client s onl y) of 36% above t he exist i ng touris t r ate . We recommen t the r efor e, not to cha nge a nyt hing at the bor ce r crossing . Please consider; 50,- US$= appr. 760,- Cz . Cr owns 100, - Sfr s 11 680, - 11 1 00 ,- 0~1 " 560, - " (As of Junt> 1984))

SHUTTLE BUS AI RP ORT - I NTEH ~ JOTELS Airport is se r ved by regul ar special t r a ns port - by Cedok-bus - to t he I nterhot els . Pl ease , mark your i n t erest in t his ve r y advantageous service i n t he registration f orm . The ticke ts "a t 5 ,- us.s pe r person ( por t e r age no t. included) a r esvo l d on the spot at t he Cedok counter a t the Airpor t Pr ague- Ruzyn . Together with t he pr e liminary invoice , t he persons interested i n shu t tle bus (the poter.tial customers) will be sen t a s pe - cial l eafle t with i t s time-table .

RENT J\ C' An Toge the r with the I nte r national Reservation Office "Pr agocar ", Ce d ok - Congr ess Section can rese rve also a car on hj r e for you. E. G. Renault 18 GTS cos t s 0 . 29 US$ pe r 1 km and 32 , - US$ per each day (or 180, - US$ per 1 we e k) . See t he res pec t ive pa rt of regist r ation for~ , please . USEFUL I NFORMATION The acco m~odation and t i cke ts for all events will be confirmed on a f i r st-ccme tasis . All offe re d event s ar e guided . The depar tures of buses a r e al" ays from the Co ngr ess Building ( Tectn ical Uni versi t y) . The participan Ls ca n r e - conf i rm t heir a ir- t ickets a a special desk of the Czechoslovak Airlines i n t he l obby of t he Inte r hotel I n t e rnational . Official ho ur s Mo . -fri. 7 . 00 a . m. - 3 .00 p. m. , te l e ph one 328 156. Cedok - Co ngress Section r ese r ves t he righ t to change pr ices in case of a ny drop oj' the US$ e xct:ange rate . The defini tive prices woul d be then i ndic&ted i n t he pre limina r y i nvoice .

38 Registration Form No.1

Kindly return to Cedok Congress Section, Na prikope 18, 11135 , CZECHOSLOVAKIA, before March 15, 1985. Please use block letter or typewriter and cross-mark the chosen alternatives:

MrD Mrs P Miss D Title surname: Forenames: Address for correspondence:

Accompanying persons (surname and forenames):

Date of arrival: Date of departure: (Number of nights = ) l. Means of transport: PlaneD Train 0 CarD 2. Accomodation desired: Single Room r::::::l Double Room D 3-bedded roomD Number of rooms required: If a single room is not available, I agree to share a room, preferably with .•• ...... •.. OR I agree to pay for a double room with single occupation. [Delete whichever does not apply.]

3. Hotel Preference

INTERNATIONAL HOTEL []A: Class A []B: Small suites [Jc: Large apartment ALCRON HOTEL ALCRON AND FLORA HOTELS On: 1st Class DE: Economy class DIMITROVA OTHER D F: Hostel OG: Hostel In the event that the requested category is not available, please mark your second choice below: AD so co Del E[:J FD GO 4. Optional Services

Shuttle Bus [:) (I book the reservation in the bus and I would like to be sent the time table.)

Rent a Car.O (I would like to hire a car from...... to ...... )

39 5. Registration Fees Participant: Participant (student): Basic Ladies' Programme: Complete Ladies' Programme : ("Complete" Ladies' programme includes the " Basic" Ladies' programme.)

I am sending: .. • . •...... 6. Individual additional events on the Ladies' programme: I am booking the Basic Ladies' programme and the fol­ lowing events : Opening D Lesser Town 0 Jewish Ghetto 0 ShoppingtJ Convent of St Agnes (Art Gallery) [] Monument of National Literature[] Farewell Concert[]

I am sending : ..• ...... •

7 . Social and Tourist Programme :

Southern Bohemia[] Shoppingt:J Beer Party I 0 Beer Party II0 Evening in a wine cellar 0 Pearls of Gothic Art 0 Castles and Chateaux of southern Bohemiac:J Beauties of Bohemia D Charm of central Bohemia D I am sending: • ... • ...... •

8. Sightseeing Tour:

This is included in the registrati on fee . Please select the preferred date and language (just one possibility) : 9th August Mornings Afternoon n 15th August Morning Afternoon B English0 GermanO French 0 Russian 9 . Visit to the theatre:

This is included in the registration fee. Please select the preferred date: 7th August[] 13th August[] 10. Total

Along with this registration form I am remitting the respective sum for 5,6 and 7 including the obligatory accomodation deposit (2) in the amount of US dol- lars OR Czech crowns by cheque/bank transfer/through a travel agency (cross out those not applicable) .

11. Special Request :

Signature: Date: 40 REGISTRATION FORM N0.2

Kindly return this as soon as possible to IAGA­ Geophysical Institute, Bocni II, 141 31 Prague 4, CZECHOSLOVAKIA.

Please use block l e tters or typewriter and cross-mark the chosen alternatives:

Mr Mrs Miss Titles Surname: First names :

Date of birth: Place of birth: Citizenship:

Address for correspondence:

Probable date of arrival: Probable date of departure:

I intend to participate in sessions no: ..•...••...•... I intend to present papers: Yes No and these will be submitted for presentation in sessions numbers •.•..•.....•••.•••••••.•.

41 42 DRAFT

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING

MINUTES

Firenze, Italy S-7 September 1984

The Executive Committee [EC] was called to order at 9.40 am on 5th September, in room AULA-B in the Istituto Ricerca sulle Onde Elettromagnetiche in Firenze Nova. Present were D I Gough (Presi­ dent), v Bucha and R E Gendrin (Vice Presidents) , M Gadsden (Secretary-General), K D Cole, N Fukushima, and U Schmucker . Apologies for absence had been received from 0 Raspopov and D J Williams .

In opening the meeting, the President expressed regret that Dr Raspopov was not yet fit enough (after a car accident in the Spring) to make the journey to Firenze. A telegram was received during the meeting with the intimation that R G Rastogi was unex­ pectedly prevented from attending.

I. Minutes of the previous Executive Committee meeting.

The minutes of the meetings held in Hamburg during the XVIIIth General Assembly of IUGG had been published in IAGA News (No.22, pp.l6-28) . Only one correction had been requested: on page 19, line 5 should read (a) Global Change Program: This is proposed as a major program for the • •• • With this change , adoption of the minutes was proposed by Cole, seconded by Bucha, and passed.

II. Matters arising from the Minutes.

Gough referred to the recommendation that the first meeting of the current EC should be delayed until the Scientific Assembly in Prague , in August 1985. He stated that he, and the Secretary­ General, felt that to have the first meeting of a new EC (con­ taining several new members) only after two years had elapsed was not desirable. In future , the EC should try to arrange its meetings to coincide with Assemblies and, particularly, a newly­ elected EC should meet immediately after the end of the General Assembly. Nominees for election should be prepared to stay on for two to three days after the closure of the Assembly to allow this. 43 III. Report of the Secretary-General for the first twelve months of the four- year period. a) The IAGA Mailing List has been filed onto magnetic disc and a printout is available for reference upon request. The addresses are listed in alphabetical order of last name and each address appears as one line of printout . A program to format and output the addresses onto gummed labels is available. The list can be "combed" to give particular subsets (eg all addresses in a given country can be listed on demand). There are approximately 2733 addresses in the list, of which 1432 had been confirmed by return of the "address card" included in the latest issue of IAGA News. In addition, there is a list of institutions that receive IAGA News and these number 204. b) IAGA News No.22 was published in February 1984 and mailing was complete by March 1st. The edition contains 120 pages and in­ cludes two half-tone photographs on the inside covers. c) Publication of the IAGA Mailing List: a letter from M H Rees had raised the question of establishing a formal membership list for IAGA, and asked if there should be a "nominal" membership fee to cover the cost of a membership card. It was pointed out that countries are members of IAGA and that Assemblies were open to scient1sts without any distinction being necessary. The EC decided that creating an address list of "confirmed" addresses, as is now in progress, answered the need well enough. d) The most recent version of the Scientific programme for the Assembly in August 1985 was laid before the EC and consideration was postponed until item 8 of the agenda. e) The Secretary-General noted that two obituaries of IAGA scien­ tists (Matsushita, Narcisi) were to be published in the next is­ sue of IAGA News. Two further names (Currie, Meek) were given for obituaries to be prepared. f) IAGA Accounts. A ledger account was laid before the EC in which all details 6f 1ncome and expenditure for th~ period 1983 Oct 31 to 1984 Aug 27 were listed. The financial report for the year 1983, prepared by Fukushima, has been sent to the Treasurer of the IUGG and a copy of this was laid before the EC [see page 50].

The final Conference of Delegates at the Hamburg Assembly had re­ quested the Secretary-General to ask National Correspondents for their views on the production of quadrennial National Reports. The question was put, what is the best and most acceptable form that IAGA delegates want? The EC suggested that all countries should produce some form of report and that at minimum this should consist of a one-sheet guide showing a list of activities and an address from which a list of publications is available on request. The next step up in elaboration is to provide information on the sources of publica-

44 tions , and address lists of IAGA scientists in that particular country. [To some extent this can be provided from the IAGA Mailing List by the Secretary-General.] In general , the EC en­ courages the preparation of comprehensive National Reports as a valuable service to the IAGA community. The EC recognizes that there are two problems: first, the time taken to prepare a com­ prehensive report and secondly, the sheer weight of material that may have to be carried home (or mailed) by a delegate .

A letter from A Nishida raised the matter of the regular review of Interdivisional Commissions [IDCs] and the possibility of dis­ banding an IDC when its immediate objectives have been met . The EC recognized the great value of the work of these roes and would be unwilling to see their work cease. The Secretary-General was directed to explore possibilities with the leaders of the roes and to be prepared to report back to the EC at its next meeting . Applications for special grants from ICSU (routed via the IUGG) are called for each Spring. The Secretary-General reported that a grant for "International Magnetospheric Study" had been made for 1984 and that an application from Division V had been forwarded in response to this year~s call.

The next General Assembly of IUGG is to be held in vancouver, Canada. The opening ceremony will take place on the morning of Monday , lOth August 1987, with the individual Association meetings starting in the afternoon . The closing IUGG meeting will be o n the evening of Friday, 21st August. The Union has asked that the number of interdisciplinary symposia be limited to 20 and the Associations are asked to limit the number of internal symposia to 5 or 10. The EC tentatively proposed five in­ terdisciplinary symposia in which IAGA could be involved. The Division Leaders will be asked to comment, to suggest alterations or otherwise to modify the list. The five topics (titles are to be produced later) are

MAP symposium ELAS symposium Computer simulation of geophysical processes IGBP symposium Comparative planetary studies

IV. Financial plans for the period 1983-1987. The EC reviewed, in considerable detail, projections of expendi­ ture over the current period (1983-1987). It took note that al­ location of funds is required to be made as set out in ByLaw 20 of IAGA. The fixed obligations (eg four annual issues of IAGA News, two sets of Transactions for two Assemblies) can be ex­ pected to absorb approximately one-third of the IUGG allocation to IAGA. In general terms , the EC decided to allocate forty per­ cent of the allocation to costs of travel to Assemblies and other scientific meetings. Approximately one-fifth of the allocation was left in reserve , to cover some small administrative items but mainly to be available to cover contingencies and " seed money" in

45 sponsoring meetings held by non-IAGA bodies and which are of great interest to IAGA scientists. The Secretary-General was in­ structed to inform each Division leader of the approximate amount that could be called upon for Division (or IDC) operations; these expenditures must, however, be made subject to the overall priorities set by ByLaw 20. The EC considered it unlikely that the pattern of expenditure would reach items in priority c) of this ByLaw (ie special publications, etc, such as Division News­ letters). v. Requests for sponsorship. a). The International Laboratory of Numerical Electromagnetic Modelling (ILONEM). A group in the Department of Geophysics of the University of Oulu (Finland) proposes to set up a facility to provide a centre for comparison of the available types of al­ gorithms and programmes used in electromagnetic induction models, for development of new programmes, and for the use of modelling programmes by the international community. Adequate computer facilities exist in the University and expansion is expected. The service is seen as having special value to scientists in developing countries. The proposal has strong support from Working Group I-3.

The EC was asked to approve sponsorship of the project, without financial support. The proposers would then approach UNESCO for funding.

While accepting the ability and goodwill of the proposers to render this potentially valuable service to IAGA scientists, the EC felt that the proposer s should take three steps and then repeat the request for sponsorship. First, the support of the Finnish Academy of Sciences should be secured. Second, the mode of approach to UNESCO should be defined. Third, the support of Division I of IAGA should be demonstrated, for instance by discussion during the Business Meeting of the Division during the Pra gue Assembly in 1985.

It was decided to refer the proposal back with these suggestions.

b) Comparative Study of Magnetospheric Systems. [See page 78.] The EC agreed to sponsorship of this meeting in the category of a major international meeting not requiring financial support. Nishida was nominated to be IAGA representative on the organizing c ommittee. The EC felt strongly that the timing of this meeting, close to but not contiguous to the Prague Assembly, was to be regretted. IAGA would have welcomed the presence of this meeting in Prague, during or adjacent to the Assembly, or in France on dates that would have allowed IAGA scientists to attend the meeting either on the way to or back from the Prague Assembly.

c) IAGA Observatory_Qperating Workshop. Although not at the stage of a request for sponsorship, W F Stuart, Chairman of Divi­ sion v, drew the attention of the EC to plans being matured to hold a workshop in 1986 during which geomagnetic instruments, mainly for observatory work but also including some survey in-

46 struments , will be operated and assessed. The EC welcomed the plans and gave them support. d) International Workshop on Data Processing. [See page 77.) This had been granted sponsorship by the President in the category which involves no financial support and without a IAGA represen­ tative on the organizing committee. Rastogi had indicated that there were difficulties in getting the full level of funding that had been hoped. In his absence , the EC found difficulty in making positive suggestions for raising the funds by early 1985 and could only decide to remain in close contact and give what advice it could. e) Polar Geomagnetic S~pQsium. [See page 78.) IAGA sponsorship for this was approved; Nishida, as chairman of Division III , is to be asked to nominate a IAGA representative. The Secretary­ General was directed to offer support of .$ 1000, subject to iden­ tification of a source of funding (ie payment is to be outwith the IUGG allocation) .

VI. Cooperation a nd activities with other bodies. a) Electromagnetic Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Sounding (ELAS). Gough reminded the EC of the establishment, at the IUGG Assembly in Hamburg last year , of an InterAssociation Working Group for ELAS [IAWG-ELAS) by resolutions of IAGA and IASPEI. This IAWG then replaced a pre-existing working group within IAGA. Six IAGA scientists (A Adam, A G Duba , v R s Hutton , U Schmucker , L L vanyan, T Yukut ake) and five IASPEI scientists (A L Hales , Tsutomu Murase , I S Sachs, G Sobolev, Zeng Rong- Sheng) had been nominated by the two Associations and had agreed to serve . Gough had agreed to convene the IAWG , to assist in identifying a chair­ man and vicechairman for it, and to begin a programme of compila­ tion of a list of dual electromagnetic and seismological studies of the lithosphere and asthenosphere , with a view to planning further such work . This would be done by correspondence , as IAGA and IASPEI would not meet together until the Vancouver Assembly of IUGG in 1987 . These tasks were in hand. When the IAWG leaders had been identified and had the work of the group in hand, Gough would retir e from it . b) Seventh International S~pQsium on Equatorial Aeronomy . The report by H Rishbeth [see pages 51- 53) was accepted with ap­ preciation. c) SCOSTEP . Cole presented an oral report on the recent SCOSTEP Council meeting and referred to the long-term planning that is underway. D J Williams is chairman of the planning committee and is prepar ing a report; in advance of this, Cole mentioned that SCOSTEP sees the possibility of a long-term programme called "Solar-Terr estrial Energy Transfer Study" (STETS) which could well come into effect in 1990. The plans march in parallel with the proposals for the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP) of ICSU. What is seen is a broadbased study of the Sun Solar wind Magnetosphere - Ionosphere - Upper Atmosphere line of effects. 47 Two short duration programmes are being looked at: 11 Polar Auroral Dynamics.. (PAD) for 1985-1990 and 11 Solar- Interplanetary Variability .. (SIV). SCOSTEP is taking a role too in the COSPAR project 11 International Heliosphere Study11 (IHS). D J Williams has prepared an extended (and illustrated) memoran­ dum to IAGA dealing with spacecraft missions planned under the title 11 International Solar Terrestrial Physics 11 (ISTP). The EC thanked Cole for his report and for providing this info r­ mation about planned and projected programmes in the SCOSTEP or­ bit. d) International Working Group on Magnetic Field Satellites . Gough introduced correspondence with the organizers of this Working Group which came into being this year in the United States , and earlier letters between the President of IAGA and of­ ficials of NASA. The EC took note of the matter. e) COSPAR. Bucha, who was the IAGA representative at the r ecent meeting of COSPAR in Graz (Austria), June-July, 1984, presented the report printed in full on page 54. f) URSI. Gendrin presented an oral report on the meeting of URSI that was closing in Firenze at the time of the EC meeting. He noted that Cole, the past-President of IAGA, was to receive the Appleton medal of the Royal Society of London during the meeting and the member s of the EC expressed their congratulations to Cole in person. Gendrin reported that there had been approximately 1000 registrations to the URSI meeting and that the next meeting of URSI was scheduled for 1987 August 23 to September 4, in Is­ rael. The EC noted, with satisfaction, that these dates do not overlap (as happened with the 1981 IAGA Assembly) with the dates of the IUGG Assembly. The new officers of Commission G are: J Aarons (USA) and H Rishbeth (UK) and of Commission H: R L Dowden (NZ) and H Matsumoto (Japan). In general discussion, the EC felt that the proper way for URSI and IAGA to develop their interests was for URSI to be more con­ centrated on instrumentation, implementation and systems while IAGA dealt with geophysics and t h e science o f the upper at­ mosphere and solar-terrestrial physics.

The EC also discussed, briefly , the possible impact upon IAGA science of a cutback in the service and support functions of the Space Environment Laboratory of the us National Oceanic and At­ mospheric Administration. The Secretary-General to ask the IAGA Division Leaders for their comments on such a cutback.

VII. The International Geosphere-Biosphere Prog~ (IGBP). The EC spent a consider able amount of time discussing the possible involvement in such a program that IAGA scientists could make a specially effective contribution. The EC had before it a preprint of a paper by J G Roederer to be presented at the General As­ sembly of ICSU in Ottawa, 24-28 September 1984, together with background correspondence received from IUGG, and a resolution on IGBP passed by SCOSTEP Council on 4 July 1984. A paper by 11 11 D J Williams ( The IGBP, ISTP and IAGA ) was also before the EC together with input from Svendsen , Winch, Kuhn and Bucha. 48 Aft e~ considerable discussion, the EC p~epared a statement for sending to IUGG in time fo~ the I CSU meeting Ottawa. This state­ me nt is given in full on page 72 .

VII I. The Fifth Scientific Assembly of IAGA: P~aha (Czechos­ lovakia) 5-17 August 1984. By ByLaw, the EC is charged with being the programme committee for IAGA Assemblies, but during the pe~i od between EC meetings, cedes this responsibility to a Programme Committee consisting of the Secreta~y-Gene~al and the Div ision and IDC Leade rs. For the Prague Assembly, four Commis­ sion Leaders from among our IAMAP colleagues are on the Programme Committee and have been involved in its business right from the sta~t. The programme of the Assembly, as it stood at the time of the EC meeting, was laid before the EC and, with but a few relatively-minor comments , was accepted. [The latest version of the programme, which includes a detailed timetable and summaries of the scope of most of the sysmposia, together with deadline and inst~uctions for Abstracts, is printed elsewhere in this copy of IAGA News.]

Because the IUGG Executive Council is scheduled to meet in Hawaii on 3 August 1985, just two days before the opening of the IAGA/IAMAP Assembly in Prague, the IAGA President will be represented at the fi~st Conference of Delegates by VicePresident Gendrin. Meetings of the EC have been scheduled for lunchtime, 8th, evenings of 12th and 15th , and all day on 17th [all dates being August 1985]. President Gough will use his best endeavours (and jet aircraft) to be present at the Opening Ceremony of the Assembly, scheduled for 7.30 pm on the evening of Monday, 5th August.

IX. ~y other competent business. A motio n to recommend v A Troitskaya for Honorary Membership of IAGA was passed nemine contradicentur and now goes to the first Conference of Delegates on 5th August for a vote.

The future of Toolangi Magnetic Observatory was discussed briefly and the Bureau of Mineral Resources in Canberra (Australia) has issued a statement concerning the future plans for the operations of this observatory [see page 73).

President Gough closed the meeting of the EC at 1350 hours on 7th September with a comment to the effect that the EC had made a good start. The secretary-General was directed to convey to Dott Guglielmo Ventura the grateful thanks of the EC for ar­ ranging for it to use the room at the Istituto ROE.

49 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GEOMAGNETISM AND AERONOMY Financial Report for the year 1983 (Jan. 1 - Dec . 31, 1983) FORl! 2 Amounts in USA dollars Exchange rate

GRANTS & GRANTS & RECEIPTS IUGG EXPENDITURE IUGG CONTRACTS CONTRACTS

15. IUGG ALLOCATION ...... 24,700.00 X 11. ADMIN I STRATION ...... 2,758.10 X 2. UNESCO GRANTS ...... X 0 12. PUBLICATIONS ...... 1,046.36 0 3. OTHER GRANTS ...... X 3,000.00 13. ASSEMBLIES ...... 19,386 . 27 3 ,000.00 4. CONTRACTS WITH UNESCO, etc. X 0 14. SYMPOSIA & SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS 1,190.90 0 5. SALES OF PUBLICATIONS .. 534.00 X 16. GRANTS (Permanent Services, etc.) 0 0 6. MISCELLANEOUS ...... 642.78 X 17 . CONTRACTS WITH UNESCO, etc. .. 0 0 18. MI SCELLANEOUS ...... 548.94 0 7. TOTAL RECEIPTS ...... 25,876.78 3,000.00 8. CASH ON HAND AND IN BANKS 19. TOTAL EXPENDITURE ...... 24,930.57 3,000.00 Jan. 1, 1983 ... 19,629.54 0 20 . CASH ON HAND AND IN BANKS 9. INVESTMENTS & RESERVES Dec . 31, 1983 ...... 20,575.75 0 Jan. 1, 1983 ... 0 0 21. INVESTMENTS & RESERVES V1 Dec. 31, 1983 ...... 0 0 0 10. TOTAL ...... 45,506.32 3,000 .00 22. TOTAL ...... 45,506.32 3,000.00

Jan. 1, 1983 Dec. 31, 1983 23 . ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE ... . 0 0 0 0 24 . ACCOUNTS PAYABLE ...... 0 0 0 0

Breakdown of Item 6 Breakdown of Item 12 Interest ...... 642.78 12 . 1 Transactions of the IAGA Assembly ...... 0 12.2 Proceedings of Symposia ...... 0 Breakdown of Item 11 12.3 Periodica l s : IAGA News No.22 (manuscri~t ) 1,046. 36 11.1 Personnel ...... 1,000.00 preparatlon 11.2 Quarters ...... 0 Breakdown of Item 13 11.3 Supplies & Equipment 0 13.1 Organization .. 795 .27 11.4 Communications ...... 1,732.73 13.2 Travel ...... 18,591.00 11.5 Travel (admin. only) 0 Date: 28 February 1984 11.6 Miscellaneous ...... 25.37 19 ' 386. 27 Breakdown of Item 14 2,758.10 14.1 Organization .. 0 14.2 Travel ...... 1,190.90 /rx-sL~ 1,190.90 N. Fukushima Past Secr e tary General of [ACA 7TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EQUATORIAL AERONOMY

Hong Kong, 22-29 March 1984

The symposium was dedicated to the memory of Sadami Matsushita, chairman of the International ISEA Committee , who died just a week before the symposium opened. Dr Matsushita had been the guiding spirit of the ISEA series for some years and had been most successful in obtaining sponsorship for this scientific ac­ tivity which has involved many developing countries .

During Dr M atsushita~s illness, much of the organization fell in­ to the capable hands of B B Balsley (NOAA, Boulder, USA) and M C Kelley (Cornell Un iversity, New York , USA) . The local ar­ rangements were most competently handled by G 0 Walker and B Gibson-Wilde and their willing team. Arrangements had been made by Dr Matsushita with Sir Granville Beynon , Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, to publish papers from ISEA-7 in a special issue (as has been done for ISEA-4, ISEA-5 and ISEA-6). The editing will be the respon­ sibility of H Rishbeth, assisted by R G Rastogi, B B Balsley and M C Kelley. Ther e were 79 registered participants from 14 countries. There were eight main scientific topics: * Frontiers in equatorial science * Overview of low latitude electric field , models and dynamics. * Sq currents and the equatorial electrojet * Equatorial spread F * Special topics * Electrodynamics of the middle atmosphere * Tropical neutral atmosphere * Low latitude magnetospheric and solar wind effects

The Middle Atmosphere El ectr odynamics session was held at the University of Ho ng Kong, followed by a visit to the Physics Department of the University and a reception by the Vice­ Chancellor. Other sessions were held at the Regal Meridien Hotel, Kowloon, where most of the participants resided and where the facilities were very good. An enjoyable social programme was provided. Scientific highlights included the initial results from the US/Peruvian Condor rocket campaign of March 1983 which, with a wide variety of supporting observations , probed many different aspects of equatorial plasma physics and aeronomy . There were also many interesting results from the Indian rocket programme . Middle atmosphere science played a large part in the proceedings and there were many papers on lower atmosphere/upper atmosphere coupling as well as on magnetosphere/ionosphere coupling, all ac­ tive areas of science. A workshop on •Digital Ionosondes and Ionogram Interpretation" chaired by P J Wilkinson (Ionospheric 51 Prediction Service, Australia) was held in the evening of 26 March and generated useful discussion. Ionograms made in Syd­ ney were transmitted to Hong Kong in real time during this ses­ sion.

Equatorial aeronomy is evolving and changing, like any other living branch of science. There is a growing interest in the middle atmosphere and a major thrust of ISEA-7 was in that direc­ tion. On the experimental side, it was stressed that relatively cheap ST radars could be installed at a number of sites in low latitudes. Because of the complexity of atmospheric dynamics and the variety of spatial scales and time scales, a network of such radars is required. By setting them up and running them, developing countries could make a valuable contribution at a modest cost.

From the point of view of data analysis and theory, a major ob­ jective should be to understand the coupling between the ocean and atmosphere, and between the different parts of the lower , middle and upper atmosphere. These matters have considerable human and economic importance (as, for example, the effects of El Nino) as well as their scientific interest. While it would not be appropriate to devote ISEA-8 to tropical meteorology (a huge subject in its own right), it could be very fruitful to invite a few meteorologists and oceanographers interested in coupling problems to give review papers at ISEA-8.

The other major thrust of the science presented at ISEA-7 was "the equatorial ionosphere as a plasma laboratory". A variety of fascinating phenomena occur in the equatorial E-region electrojet and in spread F, and they can be observed by a variety of radar, radio propagation, magnetic and optical techniques . Just as ISEA-7 provided an occasion for the presentation of early results from Project Condor, so will the fully analysed results feature strongly in ISEA-8. If another campaign takes place about 1990, as was mooted at ISEA-7, it should be a major t opic at ISEA-9 . But in any case the comprehensive results obtained from the con­ tinuing Indian rocket programme should be as much a feature of the ISEA series in the future as they have been in t he past.

In addition to the h ighlights of the Condor and the middle at­ mosphere results, a range o f ionospheric studies gave variety to the ISEA-7 sessions. Incoherent scatter radar and optical i nter­ ferometry continue to give new insights into the dynamics of the ionosphere and the neutral thermosphere. The problems of day-to­ day and spatial variability in the ionosphere , the Sq currents and the electr ojet (and especially the counter-electrojet) con­ tinue to provide scope for interesting work. To what extent can the variability be classed as "noise" and to what extent does it contain "real physics"?

Concern was felt that ionospheric studies should aim at ex­ tracting physical causes, and not just collecting statistics, it being recognised that the communications needs provide the main justification for maintaining routine ionosonde observations. That said, many felt that some well- coordinated studies would be most valuable in tackling the still-remaining problems of the 52 propagation of ionospheric waves and disturbances . Furthermore, the differences between northern and southern hemispheres are still not understood. The complex but fascinating chain of processes linking solar disturbances to equatorial atmospheric phenomena still contains much physics that need unravelling . The East Asian sector seems a particularly suitable theatre for such studies and the degree of international cooperation needed to carry them out would be beneficial in itself. H Rishbeth

100 Years Ago . •••.....•...... •. ...••..

Avant 1878, on ne connaissait pas les periodes des forces elemen­ taires d'induction dans lesquelles on peut dlcomposer l'action inductrice du Soleil sur les fluides electriques de la Terre. Je fis alors conna!tre que l'une d'elles avait un jour solaire moyen pour periode , avec une inegalite horaire d'un an , qu'une autre avait pour periode la duree de la rotation apparente du Soleil auteur de son axe, vue de la Terre .. •. Il est tres facile de remarquer que ces periodes se retrouvent dans les observations faites avec les boussoles magnetiques, et ! 'esprit est naturelle­ ment porte a attribuer ces co1ncidences au rapport de cause a ef­ fet. J'ai pense qu' il etait bon de suspendre tout jugement jusqu'a ce que l'on ait fait des recherches plus completes. Comme il s'agit ici d'une question assez importante , j ' ai cru qu'il ne serait pas inutile d'isoler autant que possible les forces elementaires les unes des autres , afin d'en examiner plus aisement les caracteres .

/ / ELECTRICITE .- Sur la force elementaire de !'induction solaire dont la duree periodique est d' un jour moyen . Note de M. QUET. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des seances de l 'Academie des Sciences, Tome 99 , pp.652-653 (Seance du Lundi 20 Octobre 1884) , Paris, 1884.

53 COS PAR 25 June - 7 July, 1984 Graz (Austria)

COSPAR (Committee on Space Research) was established by the In­ ternational Council of Scientific Unions in October 1958 to con­ tinue the cooperative programmes of rocket and satellite research successfully undertaken during the International Geophysical Year of 1957-1958. COSPAR is an interdisciplinary scientific organiza­ tion concerned with the progress on an international scale of all kinds of fundamental research carried out with the use of rockets or rocket-propelled vehicles. In September 1975, the ICSU General Committee extended the terms of reference of COSPAR to include also space research experiments with balloons. COSPAR~s objec­ tives are carried out by the international community of scien­ tists working through ICSU and its adhering National Academies and International Scientific Unions. The XXVth COSPAR meeting and associated activities were taking place, at the invitation of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, in Graz, Austria, during the period 25 June to 7 July 1984. The Opening Ceremony held on Monday, 2 July 1984, and followed by the Open Public session of the plenary included statements of representatives of invited organizations wishi ng to speak. There were 9 symposia, 12 workshops, 25 topical meetings and 2 evening sessions held in Graz, ie Achievements of the IMS, Solar Maximum Analysis, Planetology of Venus, Mars, and Satellites of Outer Planets, Space Observations for Climate Studies, First Achieve­ ments of MAP; Satellite Remote Sensing of Interest to Developing Countries, venus Atmosphere, Space Debris, International Reference Ionosphere; Intercomparison of Stratospheric­ Mesospheric Data, Dust-Magnetosphere Interactions, Plasma Cir­ culation in the Magnetosphere, Space Observations of Fine Struc­ ture related to Solar Magnetic Fields, Stellar Seismology from space, Long-term Effects of Weightlessness, Cosmic Chemistry, Chemical and Biochemical Evolution, Prebiotic Evolution during the first 10 years of the Earth~s History, Assessment of Radia­ tion Risks for Space Flight, Perspectives of Global Biogeochemical Cycles; Towards a Science of the Biosphere, Evening session "What is Life?" and many other meetings as given in the XXV COSPAR Program. The xxvth COSPAR meeting has greatly contributed ·to promoting in­ ternational coopperation in the sphere of Space Research. By bringing together scientists from many countries, for the purpose of resolving problems common to all mankind, COSPAR plays an ir­ replaceable role in the structure of international space coopera­ tion. V Bucha

54 CIRA 1986

Since the preparation of CIRA 1972 (CIRA = COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere) there has been a substantial increase in the number of measurements of atmospheric structure. Therefore, COSP~ has set up two Task Groups to develop a new CIRA for the Middle Atmosphere and for the Thermosphere . For the Middle Atmosphere (20 to 120 km) the new CIRA will be based largely on satellite data ie temperatures derived from radiance measurements . A truly global data set is available to derive an empirical temperature model for both hemispheres for the region 20 to 80 km. Emphasis will be put on the difference between the hemispheres and on waves, covering the scales from planetary to gravity waves. In addition to the geostrophic winds derived from the temperature:height fields, a model will be given for the winds, based on meteorological rockets and ground-based radars. An empirical temperature model as a function of season and latitude between 70 and 130 km from rocket and radar measurements is under construction. For the first time an empirical Ozone Reference Atmosphere will be added, as well as a Reference At­ mosphere for the tropics. It is planned to publish the part for the Middle Atmosphere as an "Interim COSPAR Reference Middle Atmosphere for the region 20 to 80 km" in the form of a MAP Handbook. The final version will be presented in Toulouse during the next COSPAR meeting . Also the new thermospheric model will be presented in Toulouse and compared with other existing models , data and theories. Es­ sentially , two novelties are introduced:

1) Contrary to the previous CIRAs, the new semi-empirical model is based not only on satellite drag data but also on mass spect~ometric data, incoherent scatter data and optical data. 2) A new theoretical model will be given with emphasis on the physics and an empirical representation of the theoretical wind model consistent with the composition and temperature model.

K Labitzke

[A CIRA worl

55 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS Tallinn (USSR) 17-20 August 1984

This workshop was held immediately before the International Cloud Physics Conference (Tallinn, 21-28 August). The NLC Workshop was sponsored by the NLC Working Group of the IAMAP Commission on Meteorology of the Upper Atmosphere. The host of the Workshop was the Institute of Astrophysics and Atmospheric Physics of t he Estonian Academy of Sciences. Twentyfive scientists from five countries participated in the Workshop. The main topics included spatial observations of NLC, mesopause physics and thermal struc­ ture, minor constituents and water vapour in the mesosphere, ion clusters at the mesopause, and mesopause parameter models. Ten papers were presented and a concluding discussion was carried out.

M Gadsden (Scotland) presented a review of 19 years NLC observa­ tions in Scotland. From this uniform da ta set he found that there exists negative correlation between NLC occurrences and sunspot number with a time-lag of two years. In the last six years of the 19 years, NLC are observable earlier and later in the summer. There exists good correlation between radar wind measurements in the lower thermosphere and NLC occurrences. 0 vasilyev and Ch Willmann (USSR) used visual and instrumental observations of NLC and estimated the particle radii of NLC.

The same result was demonstrated by G Thomas (USA). In 1981-1983, NLC were observed from Solar Mesosphere Explorer at polar latitudes . Both polar regions are accessible from the nearly-polar, sunsychro nous orbiter and have been observed for three consecutive summer seasons. Information is available con­ cerning the scattered radiance, observed with a 3.5 km height resolution, and the apparent height as a function of latitude and season. Some limited information is also available on longitudinal and local-time variability. Using measurements of NLC at different scattering angles, the mean particle size is in­ ferred fr om Mie theory. The volume-weighted average radius does not exceed 0.07 microns if the particles consist of water ice. It is found that the particle size largely determines the brightnes s of the clouds. Brighter clouds contain larger particles than the fainter clouds.

A Roddy (Ireland) reviewed NLC formation, especially the nuclea­ tion of ice particles and the type of ice structure. He proposed that NLC particles grow from cubic ice and emphasized that care­ ful laboratory research is needed in order to investigate the nucleation of ice under conditions of temperature, total pressure and water vapour mixing ratio similar to those existing in NLC. Finally, he suggested that an increase of CO leads to a decrease of mesopause temperature by 8 C. He also pointed out that there is an absence of convincing theoretical treatment of the nucleation of ice by small or cluster ions at NLC tempera­ tures. Nucleation onto clusters H (H 0) was analyzed also by E G Avdiev and G M Bogolyubov (USSR) for the n>l4 using mass­ spectrometric measurements. Space observations of the Soviet astronauts aboard "Salyut-6" (A I Lazarev, Ch Willmann,

56 V V Kovalyonok and 0 Avaste, USSR) showed that in tropical latitudes there existed a blue NLC-like layer, appearing at the same height as the high-latitude layer. The origin of this layer is not clear; most probably it is a dust layer . Wave structure and interrelation of NLC and OH hydroxyl emission was in­ vestigated by M J Taylor (UK) using a specially-modified low light level TV camera and associated video recording equipment. Well marked, nearly horizontal, light and dark bands and stripes with dimensions of a few tens of kilometres up to several hundreds of kilometres have often been seen when the OH emission isviewed at low elevation angles. Since the night time OH emis­ sion originates at similar altitude (85 km) as the NLC layer, a comparison of these structures with those in NLC has been made. It has been found that the OH structures often exhibi t simlar properties to NLC "bands" and "billows", suggesting that they are both manifestations of the same wave-like disturbance. S H Rozenfeld (USSR) presented a theoretical paper on the problem of interrelation between wave structures in the NLC and internal gravity waves.

Participants in the Workshop recommended the inclusion in the programme of the IAGA/IAMAP Prague Assembly (1985) of a one-day session on NLC research.

0 Avaste

200 Years Ago •.•.•••.. XVIII. An Account of some late fiery Meteors; with Observations, In a Letter from Charles Blagdon, M.D. Physician to the Army, Sec. R.S. to Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. P.R.S. Read February 19, 1784 • .•••. If the foregoing conjectures be just, distinct regions are allotted to the electrical phaenomena of our atmosphere. Here below we have thunder and lightning, from the unequal distribu­ tion of the electric fluid among the clouds; in the loftier re­ gions, whither the clouds never reach, we have the various grada­ tions of falling stars; till beyond the limits of our crepuscular atmosphere the fluid is put into motion in sufficient masses to hold a determined course, a nd exhibit the different appearances of what we call fire-balls; and probably at a still greater elevation above the earth, the electricity accumulates in a lighter less condensed form, to produce the wonderfully diver­ sified streams and coruscations of the aurora borealis.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON VOL LXXIV, For the Year 1784. Part I. London, SOLD BY LOCKYER DAVIS, AND PETER ELMSLY, PRINTERS TO THE ROYAL SOCIETY. MDCLXXXIV.

57 THE INSTITUTE FOR SPACE AERONOMY IN BELGIUM

20th ANNIVERSARY

On 25 November 1964, the Moniteur belge, the official gazette in Belgium, contained the following announcement : "The Aeronomy Service has been detached from the Royal Meteoro­ logical Institute of Belgium, and has been constituted as a State scientific establishment with the title The Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy".

1. The Genesis at the Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM)

In 1939, the Director of the Royal Meteorological Institute, J. Jaumotte, conceived the idea of forming a section on radiation, which, in his view, would be concerned, in Belgium, with the broad subject of radiation. My own expression of this concept is contained in the Belgian journal "Ciel et Terre" dated January 1941, and referred to four aspects of the subject : a) the study of solar radiation, with special attention to its spectral distribution from the ultra-violet to the infra-red; b) a detailed analysis of how solar radiation is modified when it penetrates the upper atmosphere, and of the resulting physico­ chemical phenomena; c) an examination of the relation between solar radiation and meteoro­ logical phenomena; d) a search for the role of solar radiation in influencing climate.

The experimental work of the Radiation Service of the IRM con­ centrated mainly on the last two topics referred to above; it led to an accurate knowledge of the influence of solar radiation in Belgium and,

58 at the same time, prepared the way for ao extension of this knowledge to meteorology in general . The first two topics became the starting points for studies and research work on aeronomy. The results can be found in the list of publications of the IR.H dealing with the physics and chemistry of the upper atmosphere and interplanetary space. The subjects covered include, for example, studies of the solar constant and of the far ultra-violet solar radiation, as well as research on the airglow, auroral spectra, the structure of the ionosphere and the constitution of the upper atmosphere. In short, the various problems that were attacked at that time can still be found among present objectives of research in aeronomy.

2. The Effect of the International Geophysical Year

Thus the original concept of a Radiation Service i n the IRM can be traced back to before the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, that is long before the word "aeronomy" came into general use. Indeed, this word was first officially recognised only in 1954, when IUGG adopted it for use in the title of our Association. As the space age began to dawn, it was considered necessary to associate one of the various international bodies specifically with aeronomy. In particular, it seemed to be important to emphasize the developing research work on the upper atmosphere and, especially, on how its characteristics are completely controlled by physical and chemical processes resulting from the dissociation and ionisa,tion of the atmospheric gases by solar ultra­ violet radiation. In Belgium, and particularly in the IRM, this type of research had already begun as part of the preparations for the IGY, at least partly because the Secretary General of the Special Committee for the IGY, Marcel Nicolet, was a member of the IRM.

3. The Transition Period the Aeronomy Study and Research Group

Soon after his appointment as Director of the IRM, J. Van Hieghem envisaged the creation of an Institute for Aeronomy. In his opinion, the

59 many different disciplines covered by meteorology and aeronomy in the age of artificial satellites could best be handled in two separate establishments. Indeed, a step in this direction had already been taken before the end of the IGY (1957-58) by the formation, in the Radiation Service, of a Study Group on Research on Space Aeronomy (GERAS = Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches en Aeronomie Spatiale). This Group formed part of the National Centre for Space Research, the Director of which was Marcel Nicolet who was also Head of the Radiation Service within which the nucleus of an Aeronomy Service had been created.

4. The Way towards a Decision

In Belgium, the Minister for National Education is responsible for the various scientific national institutions; at the beginning of October 1963, he received, in the presence of the Directors of the national scientific institutions and of the Research Administration, Marcel Nicolet in order to congratulate him on his scientific work in Aeronomy. At the end of the month at the Royal Palace, the King received, in the presence of the Prime Minister, a group of Belgian scientists and industrialists; the objective was to discuss space research, including the problems of space aeronomy and one of the active participants was Charles Bossart, father of the Atlas rocket and a Belgian who had become a citizen of the USA. On 25 November 1963, the Prime Minister, in the presence of the Minister for National Education, received Marcel Nicolet and conferred on him the distinction of "Conunandeur de l' Ordre de la Couronne" . On this occasion, the problems of space research were the subject of lengthy discussions. These led later to the preparation of the necessary documentation, relating to aeronomy in Belgium, for submission to the Minister of National Education. Finally, on 25 November 1964, the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy was born, exactly one year to the day after my visit to the Prime Minister's office.

Marcel NICOLET.

60 SAMPLING AND FILTERING THEORY APPLIED TO GEO}~GNETIC

OBSERVATORY DATA

A. W. Green, Jr., U. S. Geological Survey

Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA

ABSTRACT

Shannon's Sampling Theorem states that continuous (analog) time series should be sampled at a rate equal to twice the frequency of the highest frequency energy present in the data. The highest frequency which could theoretically be resolved for a given sampling rate is called the Nyquist frequency. If, prior to sampling, the power spectrum of the process being observed is non-zero at frequencies higher than the Nyquist frequency, the energy remaining above the Nyquist frequency will produce errors in any spectrum computed from the sample values. The error component of the com­ puted power spectrum would be the mirror image of the power spectrum above the Nyquist frequency, folded back about the Nyquist frequence . This effect is called , ''aliasing" . The aliasing e rror can be eliminated by low-pass filtering the data to remove all energy above the Nyquist frequency before sampling. In this paper we estimate the power spectrum of the error com­ ponent introduced by sampling geomagnetic observatory data at various pre­ determined sampling rates. The est1mates are based on typical power spectra computed from geomagnetic variation data obtained under different magnetic field conditions . A background power spectrum computed by averaging many individual power spectra varies as the inverse cube of frequency over the range of 10-3 to 100 Hz . For such geomagnetic data, the spectrum will be seriously aliased to frequencies as low as 1/4 the sampling frequency if the data are not filter ed before sampling. If energetic, quasi-sinusoidal oscillations such as Pc3 or Pc4, are present at frequencies s lightly higher than half the sampling frequency the degradation will be more severe. Based on these results, recomme ndations are made for filtering parameters and sampling frequencies , as well as for filtering methods, which will minimize errors r esulting from the sampling of both component and total field magnetic variation data.

I:-ITRODUCTION

For purposes of data compression. facilitating storage, or for computations convenience, it is often desired to have geomagnetic variation data in digital form. In the case of geomagnetic var iation data from variometers and fluxgate magnetometers, this involves periodically sampling ordinate values on a paper chart record or sampling the amplitude of a time varying voltage. In both cases the basic instrument output which is to be sampled is continuous in time, or "analog". On the other hand , in the case of proton precession and optical pumping magnetometers, the output is normally obtained by counting the frequency at which protons are precessing or by counting the radio frequenc required to produce transitions between Zeeman - split energy levels in Rubidiu

61 '

Figure 1: Simple example of signal aliasing.

Figure 2: Schematic representation of a power spectrum containing an aliased component .

r TRUE .!3PECTRlll*1 5PECTR.UM ~~0 ,.,, I •••# I I I I I I ALIASED PoweR __,~

w~

FOLDING FKEQuENcy~

62 Cesium, Helium, and other atoms. Thus , the outputs of t hi s s econd cl a ss of magn e tometers are already in a digital form . In spite of the fact that these data are obtained in digital f orm, they s t i ll represent only periodic measurements of a continuous process (the geomagnetic variation field) and mus t obey the same laws of sampling theory as data from t he first class of magnetometer s .

SANPLING THEORY

The fundamental law of sampling theory i s contained in the Shannon, or as it is some times known, the Shannon - Kolmo gorov Sampling Theorem. Simply stated, this theorem says that we may represent a conti nuous function by discrete samples taken at a sampling frequency, provided that no power exists at frequencies higher than 1/2 that sampling frequency. This means that we must first low-pass filter the function at some frequency with a "perfect" low-pass filter, so as to remove all powe r above that frequency, and then sample the filtered function at twice the filter frequency . The frequency at which we set the low-pass filter is both the frequency of the highest frequency energy remaining in the data, and the highest frequency which can be resolved; it is known as the "Nyquis t" frequency. (In practise , of course we cannot achieve perfect low-pass filters and must settle for comp romises). The consequence of not remov ing energy above t he Nyquist frequency (one half t he s ampling freque ncy) is known as "aliasing: or "folding" . In this process, any high frequency is reflected or "folded" back in the form of e rroneous energy at lower frequencies . Figure 1 illustrates in a simple way how aliasing occurs. The solid l ine r epresents a sinusoi d (or one harmonic component of a more complex signal) which is being sampled at a frequency which is lower than twice. its own frequency, in violation of the Sampling Theore~. The circles show the samples obtained by sampling incorrectly. Reconstructing the samples by smoothly pass ing a dashed line through them r e­ veals that incorrect sampling has created a large low frequency wave which did not exist in the original data. A spectrum computed from these samples would be significantly different from the original, or true, spectrum of the wave represented by the solid line. In the case of a process such as the geomagnetic variation field having a continuous frequency spectrum, each of the frequency components existing above 1/2 the sampling frequency would be " folded" back to produce erroneous, low frequency fluctuations in the re­ sulting samples. The solid line curve in Figure 2 represents the true power spec trum of such a continuous spectrum process. The dashed l ine curve shows the power spectr um above 1/2 the sampling frequency which has been f olded back, while the dotted line shows the new, and erroneous , power spectrum produced when this folded , or aliased, power adds to t he original spectrum. Obviously, a spectrum which falls off slowly toward highe r frequencies will produce more serious aliasing errors than one which falls off s harply.

GEOMAGNETIC VARIATION SPECTRA.

The solid line curve of Figure 3 shows a typical power spectrum of the North- South geomagnetic field on a "quiet day", computed for a 3 hour interval beginning at local noon. The spectrum generally falls off toward higher fre­ quencies except where the drop is interrupted by a broad spectral peak centered at about 0.04 Hz. This peak is caused by the occurrence O L trains of Pc 3 osci llations having periods of about 25 seconds. Such oscillations 63 1 H NOR7H -50U1J..I --- 0000- 0300 C5T /200-1500 C:3T .11'1AY '65 I DALlAS. TEXA 5 0 ' 'I 'I I,, I 'I I " I 'I 'I '\ \ \ \ -1 ' '' '\ I 'I

_, L-----~~--~------~~~~----~\" 0 .00 0.02. 0.04 0 .0& 0 .OS 0.10 FRfQUEHCV \M .Ks.

. F i gure 3: Typical power spectra o f the nor th-south horizontal component.

64 are very common during local day time hours. The dashed curve in Figure 3 is the spectrum of the North - South geomagnetic field for a 3 hour interval beginning at local midnight on the same day. This night time spectrum, which is typical exhibits a fall off with increasing frequency except for a narrow peak at about 0.01 Hz (100 second period). This peak represents one of the principal energy peaks in the spectrum of Pi 2 oscillations , which occurred during the recording interval.

By averaging SO night-time spectra and SO day-time spectra for quiet days. it was determined that the average background spectrum. exlusive of the Pc 3 and Pi 2 peaks. very cl osely approximates an inverse cube law. Figure 4 shows a background spectrum which varies as f-3 and is normalized to 2.5 gamma-squared per Hertz at 0 . 005 Hz . (This was the average value at that frequency for the 100 spectra used . ) If this spectrum is sampled at one minute intervals (0. 0167 Hz), without filtering first, the Nyquist or ''folding" frequency becomes 0.0083 Hz (120 second period) and the spectrum above this frequency is folded back into the sampled spectrum. The resulting spectrum is shown by the dotted curve, and the dashed curve shows the "error" power. The sampled data is thus contaminated by sampling­ induced low frequency error fluctuations at periods much lower than our one minute sampling period. If our criteria for acceptable data is that the amplitude of the error f luctuations be 1/ 10 the amplitude of the original, real variations (or the error power be 1/100 the real power), then we should discard data at periods shorter than 258 seconds (0.00387 Hz). To have sampled at one minute intervals and avoided data contamination, we should have sharply low-pass filtered the data at a period of 120 seconds before sampling.

If Pc 3 or Pi 2 oscillations had been present in the spectrum just con­ sidered, the effects of aliasing would have been more severe and extended to even lower frequencies. The solid line curve in Figure 5 depicts the spectrum of Figure 4 to which has been added the spectrum of an idealized Pc 3 oscillation train (modeled mathematically as a damped sinusoid with a period of 24 second~ , a peak to peak amplitude of 0.1 gamma , and a damping constant of 2.5x10- ~ee-l). The dashed curve shows the folded-back error power which results from sampling this spectrum at one minute intervals, without pre-sample filtering. In this case, if we desire the amplitude of the aliasing noise to be less than 1/10 the original data amplitude, we must reject data with frequencies higher than 0.00165 Hz (610 second period}.

If the data had contained Pi 2 oscillations, the degradation would have been much worse, because Pi 2 commonly have a strong spectral peak at about 100 second period, in other words, almost at the folding point (120 second period) for one minute sampling.

FILTERING OF GEOMAGNETIC VARIATION DATA

In view, of the foregoing, if it is desired to have one minute samples, then the data should be filtered with a low pass filter (attenuation of at least 12 db per octave) at 120 second period (0. 00833 Hz) and then sampled at one minute intervals.

In the case of magnetometers having an electrical voltage as an output (such as fluxgate magnetometers), the filtering can be readily achieved by placing two resistance-capacitance (RC), low-pass filter sections ahead of the digitizer.

65 10

I I I I I I I • I • I • I ~-!• I I ().00/

TltUE. PoWUl /60 FREQUENCY (Hzj ----.

Figure 4: Alias ing on an inverse-cube law spectrum; the background spectrum in the absence of Pc3 and Pi2 activity.

/.0

fl' I d I ' I \ o.1 I ' \ I I \ I t I '"' ~ I ' ~ I '' I '' \ ~ ' '' 0 .01 '' ' ' '' '\

aoot 0.01 0 ./

! AI.JA.5ED POWER > ~E Pow£1? 100 FREQUENCY (l-Iz) - - Figur e 5: The e f fect of the pre s e nce of Pc3 and Pi2 oscillations. 66 In the case of magnetographs , the filtering may be accomplished by mechanical damping of the mirror suspension system.

For optical pumping and proton precession magnetometers having a fre quency as an output , it is necessary to perform some kind of numerical filtering on the frequency output before it i s recorded . For exampl e , if it is desired to have one minute va lues . then the frequency which is r ecorded each minute should be the average frequency for the previous two minutes. (A counter which counts time varying frequency for two minutes will produce a value which is twice the average frequency for the two minute i nterval. The factor of 1/2 can be easil y taken car e of in the scaling constant which is used to convert frequency to magnetic field i ntensity (gamma s ). A con­ ceptually easy way to realize such a nume rical fitler i s with two counters, each counter counting the frequency output f or two minutes. The counting cycle of the second counter is triggered to start one minute later than that of the first counter. By alternately recording the outputs of the two counters each minute, one obtains each minute a number which r epresents the average frequency for the past two minutes. This nume rical, filter could, of course, be r ealized in an alternate way with a single, one minute counte r , a buffer memo ry, and a digital adder circuit . The frequency response of t his numerical filter would be that of a low pass filter having periodic side lobes and periodic points of zero response, contained within an envelope varying as the inverse first power of frequency. The first " zero" in the r esponse curve would be at a period of two mi nutes.

------,------·-·------·------

100 Years Ago • . . •.. .• •. . •...... •

•. • . when t he separate coefficients of transmission are positive and l ess than unity (as is the case in Nature) , the general coef­ f icient of transmission in the customary exponential formula is , (1) never a con stant, and (as determined from the customary formul a) , (2) always too large , (3) always larger and larger as we approach the horizon . (4) The orig inal l ight or heat of the heavenly body as found by t he photometric and actinometr i c processes , and the formulae , in univer sal use , is always too small, a conclusion which we have just reached by another method .

ART. XXI I.- On the Amount of the Atmospheric Absorption; by S P LANGLEY . THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE [THIRD SERIES], Vol XXVIII , Number CLXV , pages 163-180; July - December , 1884. 67 AWARD TO NAOSHI FUKUSHIMA

I am sure that all scientists of IAGA will join in congrat u lating our onetime Secretary General in being elected a Foreign Member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. The electi o n was made on 3rd May 1984 and was in recognition of his work on Bir­ keland in particular and also for his many contributions to the study of geomagnetism.

APPLETON PRIZE 1984

The immediate past-President of IAGA, Keith Cole, took time out on September 5 from the meeting of the Executive Committee in Florence. He had to go to the URSI Assembly to receive the Ap­ pleton Prize of the Royal Society of London .

The Council of the Royal Society awards this prize ever y three years to recognize outstanding contributions to studies in ionospheric physics.

All scientists of IAGA will agree that the prize winner was chosen well and will join in congratulating him.

MATSUSHITA MEMORIAL FUND

A special fund has been established at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado (USA) for the purpose of publishing a bound book of selected papers from Profes­ sor s Matsushita~s research output. These books will be given to selected scientists and to those who contribute at least ten dol­ lars.

Contributions should be sent to

The Uni versity Corporation for Atmospheric Research Comptroller: D A Reynolds PO Box 3000 Boulder Colorado 80307 USA

68 IAGA PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE FREE OF CHARGE.

IAGA Bulletins {which include the annual geomagnetic data and programme abstract booklets for Assemblies) are available at reasonable prices from the IUGG Publications Office, 39 ter rue Gay- Lussac, 7 5005 Par is, (France) . Copies of the cur­ rent IAGA News are sent out free of charge from the office of the Secretary-General . The past Secretary-General , Naoshi Fukushima {Geophysics Research Laboratory , University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan) , has the fol­ lowing publications (including some IAGA Bulletins) which are available from him without charge:

IAGA News No.l6 {December 1977) 17 {November 1978) 18 (February 1980) 19 (December 1980) 20 (December 1981) 21 (November 1982) IAGA Bulletin No.41: Program+abstracts booklet for the IAGA/IAMAP Assembly in Seattle (1977) IAGA Bulletin No.44: Transactions of the IAGA part of the Seattle Assembly. Transactions of the IAGA part of the IUGG Assembly in Canberra (1979) A collection of extended abstracts of papers presented at the symposium on the Solar Constant and the Spectral Distribution of Solar Irradiance which was part of the IAMAP Scientific Assembly in Ham­ burg (19 81) .

All these are available free of charge , while stocks last of course, from Professor Fukushima .

INTERDIVISIONAL COMMISSION ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES . Proceedings of a discussion meeting.

August 17 and 19 of last year saw a discussion meeting held by an ad-hoc Committee on Developing Countries. This meeting led to the setting up of our IDC , ultimately under the Chairmanship of Professor R G Rastogi, with co- chairmen Professor E Oni (Nigeria) , Professor Q L Liu (China) and Professor I G Pacca (Brazil). A 22-page "Proceedings" has been printed and issued from the In­ dian Institute of Geomagnetism, Colaba, Bombay 400-005 , India, and copies are available upon request to the Director of the In­ stitute.

69 EXPLANATIONS Ionospheric Phenomena. Specia l ottenlion is conti nuing on particula r Ttus Calend a r continuP.s the series begvn fo r •he IGY yean; 1957-5 8, a nd evenh which (.annat be forecast in a dvance witn reasonable certainty. These is iuued annually to recommend dates for solar a nd geophysical observations wi ll be identified by Retro,pective World Intervals. The importance of which cannot be corrted out continuouily Thus. the amount o' observa tional Clbtoining full ob\erva tionol covera g e i' therefore stressed even if if is possible dote in existence tends to be larger on Calendar days The recommendations to analyze the detailed data only for the chosen evenh. In the case of vertical on data reduction e nd es.pecioUy the flow of data to World Data Centers incidence sounding, the need to obtatn quarter-hourly ionograms a t as many (WOCs) in many instances emphasize Calendar days. The Calendar i1 stations o s pouible ;, particularly strened ond toke$ priority over recommen· prepared by the International Urslgrom and World Day Service dation (a) below when both ore not practical. (IUWDS) w ith the advice of spo ~ esmen lor the various scier'ltific di sciplines. For the vertica l incidence (VI) sound ing program, the summary recornmen· for greater detail con'"erning expla nations or recommendation\ your attention dotions ore: {a) all stations should make soundings at least every quarter is ca lled to information published periodica lly tn IAGA News, IUGG hour. Stations which normally record or every quarter should, if possible, Chronicle, URSI Information Bulletin or other 1cientific journal' record more frequently on IWDs, particularly at high latitudes; {bl The definition~ of the de,ignoted days remain a ' described on previous all stations are encoura ged to ma ke f- ploh on RWDs; f-plots should be made Calendoq _ Universal Time {UT) i1 the st andard time for a ll world days. for high la titude stations, and for ' o·colled ''representative" sta tions a t lower Regular Geophysical Days (RGO) ore each Wedne1day. Regular latitudes For a ll days {i.e ., including RWDs and WGis) {Continuous records World Days (RWD) ore three consecutive days each month (always of ionospheric parameters ore acceptable in place of f-plots at temperate and Tuesday, Wednesday a nd Thundoy near the middle of 1he monthl. Priority low latitud e station ~) ; (c) copies of hourly iono grams with appropriate scales Regular World Days (PRWD) ore the RWD which foil on for QWDs ore to be 'enl to WOCs; ldl ~lotio n' in the eclipse zone and its Wednesdays. Quarterly World Days (QWO) ore one doy each quarter conjugate a reo should toke continuous observations on solar eclipse days and a nd ore the PRWD which fall in th e World Geophysical Intervals special observations on adjacent days. See also recommendations under (WGI). The WGI are fourteen consecutive days in each season, beginning Alrglow and Aurora Phenomena. on Monday of the selected month , ond normally shth from year to year In f or incoherent scalier observation program, every effort should be mode 1985 the WGI will be January. April, July, and October. to obta in mea surements a t least on the Incoherent $cotter Coordinated The Solar Eclipses ore: May \9 {partia l} b egtnning in 1he equatoria l Observation Days, and intensive series should be attempted whenever Pacific Ocean, crossing Japan, Chino, the Eastern Soviet Union, the north pouible in WGh or the Airglow and Aurora Periods. The need for polar regioru, northern Scondinovio, Alaska, northern Canada, Green· collateral VI observations with not more than q~Jor t l'! r -hourly 1pacing ot least lond,lcelond. and ending at the eos ternmo~t edge of Conodo; November 12 during oil ob servation periods is stressed . Or, V Wtckwet {USA), URSI {totoll with a very short path of totality beginning in the fo r South Pacific Working Group G.S, is coordinating specia l programs . Ocea n a nd ending on Antarctica (Victoria La ndi {the partial zone begins in For the ionospheric drih o r wind mea surement by the va rious radio the equatorial Pacific Ocea n north of Easter Island, moving a cross Chile and techniques. observotion1 ore recomm ended to be concentrated on the weeks Argentina, across Antarctica and ending in the southern Indian Oceonl, including RWDs. Meteor Showers (selected by P.M. Millman, Ollowo) include importa nt For traveling ionosphere dist urbances propose special periods for vih1al showers and also unusual showers observable mainly by radio and coordinated measurements of gravity waves induced by magnetospheric rad ar techniques. Th e dates for Northern Hemisphere meteor showers ore: Jan a ctivity, probably on selected PRWD and RWD. 3, 4; Ap' 2 1-23; May 3·5; Jun 8-12, 27.29; Jul27·29; Aug 10- 14; Oct 19. For the ionospheric absorption progra m half-hourly observations ore 23; Nov 2~4 , 16-18; and De< 12-16, 21 -23. 1985. The dotes for Southern mode at least on a ll RWO' and half-hourly ta bulations sent to WDCs. Hemisphere meteor showers are: May 3-5; Jun 8-12; Jul 26-30; Oct 19-23; Observations should be continuous on solor eclipse days for stations in Nov 2-A, 16-18; and Dec 5·7, 12-16, 1985. Note that the meteor showers eclipse zone a nd in its conjugate oreo. Special efforts should be mode to that come in the first week of May and the third week in October are of obtain doily absorption measurements at temperate lotit-.Jde stations during the particular interest {fragments of Ha lley's comet) because of the approach of period of Absorption Winter Anomaly. particula rl y on days of abnorma lly Holley's comet in 1986. high or a b normally low ab,orption !approximately October-March, Northern The occurrence of unusual ~ool o r or geophysical conditions is announced or Hemisphere; April-September, Southern Hemtspherel forecast by the IUWOS through various types of geophysical "Alerts,. For bock-scatter and forward scalier programs, observations should be (which ore widely distributed by telegram and radio broadcast on o current ma de and analyzed on all RWDI at least. schedule). Stratospheric wormings (STRATWARM) ore also designated. The For synoptic observations of mesospheric. (0 region) electron densities, meteorological telecommunicotion1 network coordir'lated by WMO carries several groups ha'le agreed on usin9 the RGD lor the houn a round noon. these worldwide Alerts once doily soon a her 0400 UT . f or definitions of For Elf noise measurements involving the earth-ionosphere cavity Alerts see IUWOS "Synoptic Codes for Solar and Geophysical Data, Third resonances any special effort should be concentrated during the WGb. Revised Edition 1973" a nd its amendments Retrospective World It is re<:ommended that more intensive observa tions in oil p rog.roms be Intervals ore selected and announced by MONSEE and elsewhere con sid~ed on days of unusuol meteor activity. toprovide additional analyzed data for particular events studied in the ICSU Meteorology. Particula r efforts should be made to corry out on Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics (SCOSTEP) progra ms . intensified program on the RGD - tto c:h Wednesday. UT. A desirable goal would be the " heduling of meteorological rac ~e tsond es, ozone sondes and rad iometer sondes on these days, together with maximum-altitude rowinsonde osunts ot both 0000 and 1200 UT. RECOMMENDED SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMS During WGI ond STRATWAIM Alert lntervol1, intensified programs ore PLANNING EDITION also desirable, preferably by the implementation ol IGD-type programs {see above) on Mondays and Frida ys, os well as on Wednesdays. Middle AtmoJphere Program (MAP). MAP runs from 1 January (The fo llowing material wa s reviewed in 1984 by spoke$men of IAGA, 1982 through 1985. Techniques for ob serving th e middle atmosphere should WMO and URSI as suitable for coordina ted geophysical programs in 1985.) concentrate or center their observations on t~ RGOs, PRWOs, and OWOs. h Airglow and Aurora Phenomena. Airglow and auroral observato­ is recommended that observing runs for studies of planetary waves and tides ries operate with their full capacity around the New Moon periods. However. be at least 10 days centered on the PRWOs and QWOs. Nan·continuous for progress in understanding the mechanism of inter olio, low latitude aurora, studies of stratospheric wormings o nd the effecu of geomagnetic activity on the coordinated use of a ll a va ila ble techniques, optical and radio, from the the middle atmosphere must be in it ~ated by S TRATWARM and MAGSTORM ground and in spoce is required. Thus, for the oirglow and a urora 7-doy alerts, respectively. For more deta ils see the " Recommended Scientific periods on the Calendar, ionosonde, incoherent sca lier, special satellite or Programs" on the reverse of the Middle Atmosphere Dynamics balloon o bservations, etc .. o re especia lly encouraged . Periods of opproxi· Calendar for 1985~ which will be pub lished as o special edition of the motely one wee~ s ' duration centered on tfle New Moon ore proposed for high IGC for 1985. resolution of ionospheric, auroral and mogneto ~pfleric observations at high Solar Phenomena. Observotorie~ making specialized studies of solar latitudes during northern winter. phenomena. particularly using new or complex techniques, such tha t continu­ Atmospheric Electricity, Not-continuous meot.urements and doto ous observation or reporting ;, impractical, ore requesfed to ma ke special reduction for contin uous meowrements of atmospheric electric current density, eHorh to provide ta WOCs data for salar eclipse day,, RWDs and d uring field, conductivities, space charges, 10n number densities, ionosphere poten­ PROTONIFLARE ALERTS. The attention of ttM,,e recording solar noise tia ls, condensation nuclei, etc.; both at ground os well as with radiosondes, spectra. 1olo r magnetic fields o nd doing specialized optica l studies is oircroh, rockets; should be done with first priority on the RGD each particularly drown to thi1 recommendation. Wednesday, beginning on 2 Jon~Jory 1985 ot 1800 UT, 9 January a t 0000 Study of Traveling Interplanetary Phertomeno (SliP). The UT , 16 January a t 0600 UT, 23 January at 1200 UT, etc. (beginning hour period1 of time preceding, during and following September \1, 1985, is of shihs six hours each week, but is a lways on Wednesday). Minimum program is i nt ere~t be

The International Ursigram and Wortd Days Service (IUWDS) is o permanent ~1entific \ervice of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI), with the participation of the International Astronomical Union a nd the International Union Geodesy and Geophysics. IUWOS adheres to the Fedetotion of A.stronomicol and Geophysical Services (FAGS) of the International Council of Scientific Unions (!CSU ~ . The IUWOS coordinates the international ospech of the world days program and rapid data interchange This Calendar for 1985 has been drown up by H E Coffey. of the IUWDS Steering Commillee, in dose association with A. H. Shapley, member of MONSEE of SCOSTEP, and spoke smen for the various scie n1iflc d isciplines in SCOSTEP. IAGA and URSI. Similar Calendars hove been istued annually b eginning with the IGY, 1957-58, a nd hove been published in vou ous widely ovoiloble scientific publi

Addifi.,nal copies are avalloble upon request to IUWOS Cholrman~ Dr. fl. Simon, Urst1romm•• Otuervotolr• ~ 92190 Mevclon, fronce, or IUWDS S•cretary for World Days, MISJ H.f. Coff•y, WDC·A for Solar·Terrestrial flhyJiu, NOAA, IIGC2, 325 eretotlway, 8ovld•r, Colorado 10303, USA.

70 International Geophysical Calendar for 1985 (See other side for information on use of th1s Calendar) s M T T F s s M T w T F s 3 4 s 4 5 6 11 12 11 12 13 JANUARY 18+ 19 @ 19 20 JULY 25 26 25 26 27 27 28 30 31 2 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 3 4 s 6 7 8 9 4 5 6 1 8 9 10 FEBRUARY 10 11 @ ~@* 15 16 11 12 ®r ~ ·@* 16 17 AUGUST 17 18 19 21 21 22 23 18 19 20 21 22 23 2( 24 25 26 27 28 1 2 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 3 4 s 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 MARCH 10 11 12 t3 14 IS 16 8 9 10+ u• 12 13 14 r------~-QW ------, :17---.8 - @·-~·

7l IAGA AND THE PROPOSED INTERNATIONAL GEOSPHERE-BIOSPHERE PROGRAMME (IGBP)

IAGA can make a speciall y-useful contribution through familiarity with obse rvation and analysis of the outer atmosphere and the upper atmosphere . The initial agency of any effect on the weather of solar disturbance must surely travel through the upper at­ mosphe re and it is at the se l e vels that effe cts may be clear. At present, we can see three possibly-fruitful avenues of explora­ tion:

1. The e ffect of change s in ultraviolet insolation on the amount and distribution of ozone in the mesosphere. 2. The effect of corpuscular emission from the Sun on both the heat budget of the upper atmosphere and on the con­ centration of minor constituents in the upper at­ mosphere; (effects of these include both modification of the heating rate and of gravity-wave propagation.) 3. The influence of solar-wind generated electric fields upon the quiet-time Earth-ionosphere electric circuit.

At the pre s e nt time, IAGA and IAMAP are engage d in estimating the level of deepest penetration of the direct effects of solar disturbances . Current analysis of the main geomagnetic field shows a decrease in the dipole field strength; such a change affects all solar­ terre strial inte ractions involving the solar wind. It follows, therefore, that studies of the paleomagnetic field are another area of study central to the estimations of the solar-terrestrial effects over l o ng time intervals.

The collapse of the geomagnetic dipole field is a very suitable topic for direct IAGA involvement. The relatively rapid decrease in the dipo le term o f the main geomagnetic field is a matter for concern, and the IAGA Div ision I IGRF subcommittee is best. placed to monito r this decrease . The c ommittee has been helped by the availability of MAGSAT data, and the possibility of even one or two such satellites in the next 10 or 20 years would play an im­ portant part in the accurate r epresentation of the geomagnetic main field and, in particular, a close study of its dipole compo­ nent.

The work of the World Data Centres in accumulating data needs to be revise d and extended to d eal with the problem3 of global change.

No one dis cipl ine will provide a s olution to the problem of as­ sessing changes in the geosphere-biosphere. With their history of o btaining results through interdisciplinary cooperations, IAGA scie ntis t s are we ll pla c e d to be major contributors to research moving f orward o n a broad fr o nt.

[Sta t eme n t prepar e d by the Executive Committee f or forwarding to P rofessor Me lchior, Se cre tary Gene ral of IUGG.]

72 TOOLANGI GEOMAGNETIC OBSERVATORY Reduction in activities

Since mid-1979 the digital magnetic observatory established near Canberra in 1978 has replaced Toolangi as the reference obser­ vatory for southeastern Australia. Variation recordings (LaCour) and scaling of K-indices have been continued at Toolangi in order to define the variation differences between the two obser­ vatories.

Having now accomplished this, the Bureau of Mineral Resources is proposing to cease scaling K- indices at Toolangi from the end of September 1984, rather than from the end of December as original ly planned . Variation recordings will be continued and magnetograms archived. Absolute observations will be made at Toolangi once- or twice-yearly. We are reluctant to downgrade the long history of observations at Toolangi, but we do not have the resources to justify maintenance of full operations at both Toolangi and Canberra.

This announcement is to let our intentions be known widely and to provide the geomagnetic community with an opportunity to make any comments.

Preparations are now underway for establishing two new digital magnetic observatories , firstly at Learmonth in northwestern Australia [22.2°8, ll4.1°E] and later at Alice Springs in central Australia [23. 7°S, 133.9°E] . We consider that our resources are better used in this manner. This will bring the number of geomagnetic observatories operated by the Bureau of Mineral Resources to seven, together with the Antarctic stations Casey and Davis where regular absolute observations only are made .

Geomagnetism Section Bureau of Mineral Resources PO Box 378 Canberra ·AUSTRALIA

21 September 1984

73 ARCHIVE OF THE BALFOUR STEWART AURORAL LABORATORY (EDINBURGH) LODGMENT IN THE ARCHIVES OF ABERDEEN UNIVERSITY.

Boxes of auroral observations made before, during and following the International Geophysical Year (1957-58), the International Year of Geophysical Cooperation (1959) and the International Quiet Sun Year (1964-65) have been deposited in the archives at Aberdeen University (MSS 3152/1-27).

These data were collected by James Paton and his successor, D H Mcintosh, from a network of land, marine and air observers and by meteorological stations. The boxes of data have been arranged by Dr D Gavine (Leith Nautical College, Edinburgh) principally by month and by geomagnetic latitude. The collection comprises forty-two boxes, each about 0.5 cubic metres.

There are also two extra boxes containing material from the International Polar Year (1932-33) containing auroral data and correspondence between J M Stagg, S Chapman, C Stormer and D la Cour. In addition, there are bits of small apparatus (e.g. steel tape, packets of plates, unused plotting sheets) as well as photographs of the Fort Rae installations and staff at the site.

The depositing of these data and material into a university archive (by kind permission of the Royal Society of London who, it was felt, must be the ultimate "owner" of them) means that the whole collection is protected, safe (Aberdeen University has been around since 1495!) and available for inspection and use by any scholar who may wish to work with the collection. Application may be made either in person at the Special Collections Wing, King's College Library, on the university campus, or by letter to the University Archivist, Queen Mother Library, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB9 2UE, Scotland. A summary list of the collection is also available.

400 Years Ago •...•.•••.

Anno 1584 April is

22. Klaartt; om nattenn epthermindnat opkomme chasmata, som for sammeltis supra verticem circa lucidam Lyrae; nogit graait det aff syndenn.

Tyge Brahes, Meteorlogiske Dagbog. Holdt paa Uraniborg for aarene 1582-1597, opbevaret i det K.K. Hofbibliotek i Wien. Udgiven som appendeix til Collectanea Meteorologica af Det Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab ved Dets Meteorologiske Comite. Kjobenhavn, 1876. H.H. Thierles, Bogtrykkeri.

74 A New Hap of Nagnetic Observatories

World Data Center A has issued a new map showing magnetic observatories in operation in 1984. Every year there are changes--some observat ories close, others open, some change their mode of operation, perhaps stop making r egular absolute observations . It is difficult for WDC- A to keep abreast of all the changes and, as a consequence, there may be some errors in this 1984 map . If your observatory is not properly r epresented, please let us know and we will make t he correction in the next edition. This is i mportant because the map is often used by the geomagnetic researcher in selecting stations f or s tudy and, as a beginning, it is necessary to know where magne tic recordings are being made.

The version of the map published here also shows which observatories have provided r ecent annua l means (1982 and 1983) early enough to be used in the 1985 updat e of the I nternational Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) . Of 194 standard observatories shown on this map, 106 we r e able to provide 1983 values in t ime to meet the deadline of 30 June 1984, and many mo re supplied values at least through 1982. This is an outs t anding achievement on the part of the observatories, and by far the largest amount of current observatory data ever available for updating t he IGRF . As the map shows, geographical distribution of the data is quite good considering that we are always limited to existing observatories. Unfortunately, f or example, there is nothing that can be done about the lack of observatories i n t he South Atlantic. Then there is the usual additional problem of forecasting secular change, and t he 1985 model must serve for the interval 1985- 1990. Nevertheless , because of the larger data set available, we are confident that the new IGRF will be more accurate than it otherwise might have been.

If you have not already received a copy of the 1984 map and would like to have one, please write t o the address below.

K. L. Svendsen, Cochairman I AGA Division V NOAA/NGDC/WDC-A 325 Broadway Boulder, Colorado 80303 U. S . A.

75 o• ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - JO"W -----t- -- -

... I I =-=:;A.:" r--; .,...,c "";"'~ .... tMUT$1~ UL.M IAfOIIe

~UlU

~ -..J \...... ~ 0\ o• e--o• l ~ / -~--~ o· WUOCA ' •. ,..; i[]' .,.~~· ..... UMCATC ""'(..• - LUANDA r ~ , ..... I ...... NAMMA IV£ I . I I CMMAC.ATO ""ernr.C,t,Jo.u r.:J...... ," .. r··m~ ersu••• ( u .· - e TUCUMAH -.sSOUitAS * fiMJM8ffiED EURO..rArt D8SEFNATOR1fS ~ 3041$ ~...... • • ""'•l - JO"S OOUUES II GOITINGO I 1 WlnfVUN 15 WAJilUI( NHAGI.N MARTIN D£ ._lYif. wtN&Sl ll ULININCU.D I_,..Ffl Of ll AlTA CASTEL lESiliO l4 UUt0«1110 I ~TALfREO ltUOE SKOV 2$ IIIUDIIaD IUDKOV X NOftOlt ~tt T... ..P'OIIT-AU I-f~ S :WtEN·ICDIENll 21 l'lUO NlfiiiEGIC (i: NASYCE...C TIHANY __ __j_ -....:.:.~,- : ~ HUIIIIMOVO - I 60"S IJ •-s -----+------r- ~- ..~ I IIOOCIU"" I I ,,..,~~ ._...... ,""""''*'"n: -~~~ -VIS Ill" &MllUttO I 11 ---

evosroc lfHUI e STAN()ARO OBSERVATORY - RECOAOS AT LEAST TI-tRE[ ELEMENTS: FREQUENT ABSOLUTE OB SERVATIONS, PRODUCES ANNUAL MEAN S OF ALL ELEMENTS BASED ON HOURLY MEAN SCALINGS OR ON MORE RAPID 'VALUES FROM DIGITAL MAGNETOI.IETER

A VARI ATION STATION--IN MOST CASES OPERATES TO RECORD SHOAT TIME VARIATIONS O NLY ~ OUTPUT OF • STANDARD 08S£AVATORY WlfHl P'M.'MlDIY: SOME STATIONS IS ANALOG ONLY, OF OT HERS IS DIGITAl Oh l'l'; MAY RECORO O~L'f 1983 OATA, WOC · J. "'II M:ltlD DATA COfTP

E'lri\TA CSfTfJt NOTE ST.4TIONS OPERATED ON A TEMPORARY BASIS ARE. NOT INClU0£0 WITH NA=· =~ ..&. ~r::o:-:f•. ":t~":':TORY .oO·U.fll' S ,_.0DIH(0 M(IIIC.ATO• ~P'OJECTI0/01 - go-s -~ L_--~~~~------L------~--~====~======~====~~~~~~====~~====~======~~~~~----~ w"f 12l"f 150"f 110"W 150"W 120"W 90"W 60"W JO"W o· JO"~' 60"1: 90"f MAGNETIC OBSERVATORIES IN OPERATION - 1984 INTERDIVISIONAL COMMISSION FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES FOR IAGA SCIENCE.

I NTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON DATA PROCESSING.

February 25 - March 10, 1985

The workshop is open to all participants and especially those from developing countries. The duration of the wor kshop is planned to be three weeks inclusive of one week of practical training at one of the national Institutes in India. [Local hospitality for selected participants for the duration of the workshop and training will be borne ny the organizing committee . ]

The course of lectures is intended to expose participants to dif­ ferent aspects of data acquisition and processing in geomag­ netism, seismology, aeronomy and other geophysical disciplines. The lecture course will be followed by a one-week programme on any of the following :

(i) field training at some magnetic observatory or ionospheric station in India; (ii) on-job training with computers (DEC-10/20, CYBER 100 , VAX-11/750); (iii) numerical modelling [elementary knowledge of computer programming will be advantageous].

Persons involved in magnetic or ionospheric observatory data analysis and also those interested and likely to get involved in the setting up of the magnetic observatory in their country and subsequent maintenance will benefit from this Workshop.

Further information should be obtained from: Professor G K Rangarajan Convener , International Workshop on Data Processing Indian Instituce of Geomagnetism Colaba Bombay 400 005 INDIA

77 COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF MAGNETOSPHERIC SYSTEMS 9-14 September, 1985; La Lande des Maurs (France)

This meeting is organized by the Centre Nationale d'Etudes Spatiales and aims at providing a comparative interdisciplinary exchange on topics such as unmagnetized objects embedded in solar (stellar) winds, planetary magnetospheres and pulsars. It is foreseen thatthis meeting will be essentially based upon invited reviews with poster sessions on particular aspects. Further in­ formation from: B M Pedersen Observatoire de Paris - Meudon Flace J Janssen 92195 Meudon Principal Cedex ·FRANCE

POLAR GEOMAGNETIC PHENOMENA SYMPOSIUM

May 25 - 31, 1986 (USSR)

May 1986 will be the tenth anniversary of the Geomagnetic Meridian Project Symposium. The last Chapman Conference on the subject of magnetospheric currents showed the great importance of ground-based geomagnetic studies in polar regions. A special sym­ posium is to be arranged, to take place sometime in May of 1986 in the USSR and will include a broad coverage of topics -

* westward and eatward electrojets * polar cap variations * connection with solar wind * magnetospheric substorm dynamics * arctic and antarctic coupling Further information can be obtained from

Dr Alex N Zaitzev Soviet Geophysical Committee Molodezhnaya 3 Moscow 117296 USSR

Dr Zaitzev would appreciate expressions of interest and intent to attend to allow him to estimate the size of the likely attendance and therefore to allow arrangements to be made for accomodation etc.

78 1985 EUG III Biennial Meeting EUROPEAN UNION OF GEOSCIENCES

1-4 April 1985; Strasbourg (France)

European earth scientists will be meeting together again to discuss topical subjects. Inquiries to, and further information from,

Organizing Committee Department of Earth Sciences University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EQ UK

FIRST GLOBMET SYMPOSIUM

August 19-24 , 1985; Dushanbe , USSR .

Topics will include: Meteor Geophysics; Meteor Astronomy; Methodological Problems and the programme will include plenary sessions, invited and contributed papers , and round-table discus­ sion .

Further information from Dr v A Nechitailenko Organizing Committee of the First Globmet Symposium soviet Geophysical Committee Molodezhnaya 3 Moscow 117296 USSR .

Abstracts by December 31 , 1984 .

IASPEI 23rd General Assembly August 19- 30 , 1985; Tokyo (Japan)

Further information from Professor Ryosuke Sato The 23rd General Assembly of IASPEI .cjo Inter Group Corporation Akasaka Yamakatsu Building 8- 5-32 Akasaka , Minato-ku Tokyo 107 JAPAN

79 Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies International Symposium Variational Methods in Geosciences

A forum for the exchange of ideas in the study of theoretical and practical aspects of variational and identification methods in geophysical problems. Symposium is to be held in the last week of September, 1985, on the campus of the University of Oklahoma, USA.

Information from: CIMMS ~ttn: Y K Sasaki The University of Oklahoma ' 815 Jenkins Norman Oklahoma 73019 USA

EUROPEAN GEOPHYSICAL SOCIETY

The next General Assembly is scheduled to take place in Kiel (Federal Republic of Germany) at the end of August, 1986. The chairman of the programme committee is Dr A J Anderson Institute of Geophysics Uppsala University S-755 90 Uppsala SWEDEN from whom preliminary can be got.

PROCEEDINGS OF IAGA SYMPOSIUM "Historical Events and People"

This book, to be published in November,l984, contains selected papers from the symposia of the Interdivisional Commission for History at the IUGG General Assembly last year. Edited by Wilfried Schroeder, it is published by verlag Peter Lang, Jupiterstrasse 15, CH-3015 Bern, SWITZERLAND, at a cost of approximately 55 DM.

80 (.TI,JIR COJlliCTa C XO.POM j JViY3W

ConMcT: 06JiaKa , o6JiaKa cepe6p~CTHe, Bww.n;MTe Ha He6o Ha 't!J&cTo.e,

UeJIHX T.PE,TI;U.an o6Jia.IWB ~ TPH o6Jia't!Ka ,

~T06 XBaTRJIO Tpy.n;oB BCeM pa60THH~. Xop .n;eBymeK : Ka.I\ Ha He6o , Ha He6o Ha 'tll1CToe BhlXo.n:rum o6Jiai

BHXo~ Jie6e~oro cTaero , A ITOTOM B CHneM He6e paCTaHnH . Co.JIHcT: 06JiaRa, o6JiaRa BhiCO"CJati!IIRe , KpacO(f3., RpacoTa Be.JlJir!IaiimaR! He6o JieTHee Bhl yRpamaeTe , AcTpOHOMOB OT .n;eJI OTBJieKaeTe ,

l13yxiaiOT BaC .D;aBHO reo~R3Hrol, BocneBaiDT IT09TH H JIRpEKH . Xop : roBopm , BaillH TaMHH H3Y'I:J8Hl:1 ' Ho ytreHble n.")pJUlKOM I13My"qeHH:

He BCer.n;a Bhi CBOH JIHI< IDA .F.IBJI.ff8T8 , M Ha.n;oJiro rropoli Hc'tle3aeTe.

CoJIHCT : 06JiaRa , o6Jiaxa Me3oc~epHHe , BI:IXO,IUiTe , .IU>Y3I>.R: HarnE. BepHHe ,

HaBe.n;eM 1\lli npn6opH cneKTPaJII>HHe , MH 3anyCTEM Kopa6Jm op6nTaJII>HHe . llyCTb ITJIHByT BaillH ! IIJIHBYT Banm KPHCTaJIJim Jrb,IU'ICTHe , 06JiaKa , o6Jiaxa cepe6pHcTHe!

Bl 82 BALFOUR WATSON CURRIE (1902 - 1981)

Balfour Currie died peacefully in his sleep at his horne on January 8, 1981. His life was one of dedication to teaching, to research, and t o the University of Sa skatoon. He s uppor ted the Canadian Association of Phys icists f rom its inceptio n and was its President in 1958-59 .

He was born of pioneer Canadian stock; his parents originate d in Ontario but moved, via Montana, to a farm in western Saskat chewan early in this century. All his studies , except for his Doctoral degree from McGill , were carried out in Saskatchewan. He loved the prairies and one can envisage that he recognized in the wide sweep of land and sky a laboratory broad enough to challenge the imagination. He was equally at home with the internationally­ renowned scientist as with the farmer in the field.

Currie was appointed to the staff of the University of Saskat­ chewan Physics Department in 1928 . The years 1932 and 1933 were important ones in his life because he was a member of the Canadian Meteorological Service party sent to Chesterfield Inlet in connection with the Second Polar Year. Studies of the Polar Year data were continued at the University of Saskatchewan after World War II under Currie's direction . He also made the first detailed study of the climates of the Prairie Provinces and the North West Territories. During this period he taught meteorology and climatology classes which inte rested and inspired many young students to enter this field of physics. He was always in­ terested in the practical side of physics , and its application to economic problems in Saskatchewan . Currie always had time for people. His friendly manner and per­ sonal interest in his students foste red the formatio n of a group of scientists who, with their students , have become inter­ nationally known for discoveries related to the spectral charac­ teristics of the aurora and airglow , and radar reflections from aurora. In 1956 he laid the foundation of the Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies and for the next 10 years was its Direc­ tor.

His own university recognized his administrative exc e l lence. He advanced rapidly through the ranks of the Physics Department , becoming Head in 1952, Dean of the College of Graduate Studies in 1959 , and Vice-President (Research) in 1967 . Upon his retire­ ment, Currie was appointed by the President to be his Special Ad­ visor in Research Matters. Later in 1974 he became the Canadian Coordinator of the International Magnetospheric Study, and gave it his fullest attention until its completion at the end of 1979. During this period he a l so pursued an earlier research interest in the possible influence of solar activity on prairie weather and rainfall.

In recognition of his outstanding contributions to his fields of study, Currie was elected a Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society of Great Britain in 1940; a Fell ow o f the Royal Society

83 of Canada in 1947; was awarded the Gold Medal of the Canadian As­ sociation of Physics in 1962 and the Patterson Medal of the Canadian Meteorological Service in 1967. For his wider contribu­ tions he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada in 1972.

Balfour Currie will be sadly missed by his many friends and col­ leagues. Surviving him are his wife, Elva, his daughters Lenore and Diane, and his son Keith, to all of whom we extend our heart­ felt sympathy.

GJS

ROCCO S NARCISI (1931 - 1984)

Rocco Narcisi died suddenly on 17 March 1984 at the age of 53.

After receiving his doctorate from Harvard University in 1958, Narcisi spent his entire professional career in association with the US Air Force. Since 1963, he supervised a Branch conducting mass spectrometric measurements of the ionosphere and, in par­ ticular, he pioneered the use of the quadrupole mass spectrometer in upper atmosphere research. He was the first to measure posi­ tive ions in the D-region, as reported in a much-cited paper in the August 1965 issue of the Journal of Geophysical Research. The fact that H 0 (H 0) ions were found to be the major ions was a complete surprise to the scientific community, and it took several years for the results to gain acceptance since water is a major outgassing contaminant of space vehicles. He also provided the first measurements of the bulk portion of the meteoric metal ion layer centred near 93 km, which data more or less settled the question of the origin of these metals. His twilight ion com­ position measurements were instrumental in forming the first com­ prehensive model of the E-region, a paper he co-authored in the Febraury 1970 issue of Journal of Geophysical Research. He con­ ducted a number of other major experimental programs: the SPE­ disturbed D-region, auroral E-region structure, F-region ir­ regularities, stratospheric structure, and most recently the Space Shuttle~s gaseous environment. The first publications of D-region negative ions were published simultaneously by him and his group and a group from the Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy in the July 1971 issue of the Journal of Atmospheric and Ter­ restrial Physics.

The recipient of numerous awards, including the USAF Exceptional Civilian service Award, he will be missed by his many colleagues for his penetrating insight into the chemical/physical behaviour of the ionosphere and upper atmosphere.

WS

84 SADAMI MATSUSHITA 1920 - 1984

Sadami Matsushita, of the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder (USA}, died on 15 March 1984 , less than half a year after being told of his terminal stomach cancer.

He was born in Ehime (Japan) on 12 February 1920 , the only son of Kiyomi and Taka Taniguchi Matsushita, from whom he acquired his lifelong appreciation of literature and the arts . In 1951, Mat­ sushita obtained his Doctor of Sciences degree from Kyoto Univer­ sity where, continuing his research and teaching , he soon became one of Japan's leading' experts on the subject of ionospheric processes. In 1954, he joined the research staff of the Physics Department of University College London (UK) and spent a year in England. Before returning to his homeland, Matsushita was per­ suaded by Walter Orr Roberts to "visit" the High Altitude Obser­ vatory at the University of Colorado (Boulder) in the USA. The "visit" became a permanent 29 years of significant scientific creativity at the High Altitude Observatory (which later became part of the National Center for Atmospheric Research) • sometime in those happy years, he acquired the nickname "Mat" and ever en­ joyed introducing himself to his Western colleagues with that moniker.

Matsushita's 163 professional publications span 35 years of dedicated research. His specialty was the ionosphere , in par­ ticular E- region ionization and currents; about two- thirds of his publications were concerned with the associated geomagnetic topics . He was an editor of two major textbooks , Ionospheric Sporadic E (Pergamon Press, Oxford; 1962) and Physics of Geomagnetic Phenomena (Academic Press, New York; 1967). In a -rev1ew of the latter book, E C Bullard wrote

Those coming fresh to [geomagnetism] •.• as young men , and their elders who have failed to keep up with current work, will be grate­ ful.

Matsushita contributed 17 chapters to various textbooks a nd ency­ clopedias. He was continually being invited to review ionospheric and geomagnetic topics at international scientific meetings. He was an active leader in IAGA, and in the International Scientific Radio Union (URSI}, the American Geophysical Union, and the Society of Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity of Japan. He was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a member of the Scientific Research society of America and of the scientific fraternity Sigma Xi. He edited several scientific journals . For many years , Matsushita was the principal organizer of the triennial International Symposium on Equatorial Aeronomy .

To many fellow scientists, Matsushita's greatest contribution was his dissection of the physical processes involved in the ionospheric composition, currents , fields and motions. As part

85 of his Professor Adjoint post at the University of Colorado (Department of Astra-Geophysics), he guided a number of superior graduate students in their dissertations on these topics. Through their research his work continues and grows.

Matsushita's interests extended to Japanese art, music and history. He was a translator of ancient Japanese writings. At times he advised the Colorado University College of Music con­ cerning their productions involving Japanese costumes, dance and customs. He enjoyed collecting antique Japanese arrowheads and associated martial artifacts and he wrote scholarly articles regarding their classification and historical significance. He was occasionally asked to provide an authoritative appraisal of such items for museum collections. His great joy on weekends at international scientific conferences was to discover a singular Japanese antique at some inconspicuous shop. His horne in Boulder was almost a miniature museum for displaying his favorite ac­ quisitions. Indicative of his values and sense of scientific continuity, however, was Matsushita's cherished office adornment: the chair used by Sydney Chapman during his last years at the High Altitude Observatory.

Matsushita is survived by his wife, Kyoko Nakajima, and two sons: Hirorni, a reference librarian at the Denver branch of the Univer­ sity of Colorado, and Hiderni, a graduate student in music at Brigham Young University (Utah).

Walter Orr Roberts recalls that Mat

... was never too busy to give help and, in his critical but gentle way, he would tell me what he thought was right or wrong about the matter I was trying to comprehend.

To all of us who knew him, Matsushita was not only a fine and productive scholar but unfailingly gracious and patient with those who sought knowledge or disagreed with his viewpoint. The world of his friends is now a little more empty with him gone. The world of geophysics has profited greatly by his dedicated lifetime.

~c

86 3 Avenue Circulaire, Brussels : view looking north. The Royal Meteorological Institute, northwest part of circle . The Royal Astronomical Observatory, northeast. The Space Ae ronomy Institute, southe ast. •

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GEOMAGNETISM AND AERONOMY

(IAGA)

IAGA is one of the seven Associations in the International Un i o n of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). The objectives of I AGA are: a) to promote studies of magnetism and aeronomy of the Earth a nd other bodies of the solar system, and of the interplane t ary medium and its interaction with these bodies, where such s tudies have international interest; b) to encourage research in these subjects by individual cou ntries , institutions or persons and to facilitate its inte rnational coordination; c) to provide an opportunity on an international basis for dis cus­ sion and publication of ' the results of the researches ; and d) to promote appropriate standardizations of observational programmes, data acquisition systems, data analysis and publ ica­ tion. IAGA holds an Ordinary General Assembly every four years in con­ junction with each Ordinary General Assembly of IUGG. Bet ween the Ordinary General Assemblies, IAGA holds a Scientific General As ­ sembly, often meeting with one of the other Associations o f IUGG . IAGA therefore meets every other year and the next As s embly is scheduled for Prague (Czechoslovakia) in 1985.

IAGA has two t ypes of publications: (i) IAGA Bulletins, which include the Programme and Abstracts and the Transactions of the Assemblies; Geomagnetic Data and Indices, published annually; and special Data Summaries or Information Booklets, published occasionally. (ii) IAGA News, which contains items and announcement~ of general i n­ terest to the IAGA community and which is published annual l y.

The Bulletins are available from the IUGG Publications Office, 39ter rue Guy-Lussac, 75005 Paris, France. The IAGA News is sent to all addresses on the IAGA Mailing List (which at present con­ tains nearly 3000 addresses of individual scientists i n some 72 countries) and is available on request from the IAGA Secretary-General .

IAGA welcomes all scientists throughout the world to J01n i n research in "Geomagnetism and Aeronomy". IAGA is subdivided into a number of Divisions and Commissions, many of which have working groups for the study of particular subjects in their g e neral areas of interest. On occasion, these internal IAGA groups i s sue their own newsletters or circulars . At the IAGA Assemblies, the groups organize specialist symposia, invite scholarly reviews and r eceive contributed papers which present up-to-the-minute results of current research.

Published by the secretary General of IAGA at Aberdee n University, scotland. Printed by tne Langstane Press, Aberdeen.