INSIDE: EI'ection A_ction Dodge Rebel I ion Paggy Terry DECEMBER, 1968 ..... VOL. 4, NO. 11 ArmY/Repression-.a

_ u m ., I NT PRESS 55 COLTON STREET Above is a French student SAN FRANCISCO, CA. oster. ~Chienlit" is slang for 94103 edwetters. You know who they e

}' ,4 nl r.~A n l'llllG··All AnllV DAt'r­ " ~"I\"" ItR IYII' DH~t In recent monthsUthe movement has begunnto take n seriously the idea that if we are to go anywhere we must begin to talk to our brothers in the military. This is a very healthy development. The first week in ~ovember was declared National GI Week and during that week movement people around the country were urged to visit army bases, raise some hell with the brass and most importantly try to talk with the enlisted men. i The MOV EMENT newspaper supports' the Com manding General of trni.t fort. 'this action, but we wish to point out Before sending a delegation to a base, that if our movement is going to be find out if it is closed or open. taken seriously by the guys in the army 'it must relate to them more than once Preparing The Fort For Your :a year. Even the government sponsors Arrival a National Brotherhood Week and a Be lKind to Animals Week once a year. Some groups may want to slip quietly I With these thoughts in mind we repl'int onto a base and begin distribution of Ithe follOWing suggestions on visiting an leaflets, or whatever. Generally, how­ ;army base by John Davis. It originally ever, we recommend providing advance lappeared in the Mobilizer to Get U.S. warning to the fort. A clergy group iOut of Vietnam, organ of the National may want to call the Post Chaplain i Mobilization Com :nittee. for permission to use the chapel for a : By substituting any week in the year special "GI' Service" on November 3, !for National GI Week we think the Vietnam Sunday. Explain the purpose suggestions in this article can be help­ of National GI Week to the Chaplain. Iful to movement people aroulln 't}e coun­ Follow up with another phone call to the !try. The Thanksgiving and Christmas Commanding Officer to tell him about :holidays are fast approaching and many this anti-war holiday of support to sol­ ·soldiers probably will not be able to diers. If you have a doctor or two on ,get home to spend those days with their your delegation, you may want to visit ifamilies. We urge that as many move- the base hospital, to inspect conditions ment people as possible go to army and inquire into the adequacy of treat­ bases before these holidays and invitp ment. Your mission might include in­ guys to spend the holidays with them vestigation of conditions in the stock­ in their homes. ades. Or you .could inform the Command- ********************************* We can't emphasize enough the im- ing Officer that you want to !ent the base armory or parade field for a o portance of getting a group together to travel to a military base duringN~t6nal' rock concert and love-in, as a gesture GI Week. Five people can hav&'a major of support to the men. Whatever the impact on a fort of 30,000. Military purpose is, contact the fort directly. officers can be counted on to issue Ask to speak to the Commanding Gen­ absurd orders to their men upon the eral, the Post Information Officer, the arrival of any peace group, particularly Post Chaplain or the Provost Marshall. if you give them plenty of advance warn­ While waiting for some general to take ing. The underground rumor . circuit o the phone, explain your purpose to the ,has a way of reporting your every move secretary who is holding the line. to every GI, especially if the command­ When your request is turned down, ing officer has confined all military call the Commanding Officer to say that ·personnel to their barracks against the you will be organizing your church • threat" of four women and two service (love-in, speak-out, leafletting, ministers. '. ._ etc.) just outside the fort. Ask him But the unknown has a way of keeping where you can park your car (or your the movement from pushing into a new ten buses). Can you stay overnight on .frontier. Therefore we offer these sug­ the base? For what period are the gestions and information in the hope of men given weekend passes? etc. ·reducing uncertainties.arising from the Contact people inside the base to let ranks. Specifically, that means we are' them know. about your plans. (Nation­ and the otners YOlCllave maae contact" 1aea that" we make the presence and not seeking a confrontation with every with. If the press comes with you, they :support of our movement felt at bases al Mob has many contacts.) If possible" buck private who happens to be standing send a few people to the base early may be helpful in forcing the brass around the country during National GI at an outside gate. Any confrontation to let you on. If you are. eventually Week. to pass out leaflets announcing a Sun:­ should be with ranking officersorNCOs, day love-in telling the 'menthat the brass forced off the base, you may not return who are the recognized enemy of every without facing heavy federal charges. l'Open" or "Closed" Base? will make the armoury available to Bob GI on the base. Hope but not to the Fugs. -Pass around If put off the base, you may try One fact that any delegation should . setting up. sound equipment to talk with National GI Week wall stickers for the keep in mind is that the Army is just . Most m1l1tary installations in the con­ barracks. the men on their way to and from one big bluff. If you are asked to leave official "leaves". (Sunday afternoon, a tinental U.S. are "op~n" bases, meaning a base, find out who is ordering you. good time). If the men are confined civH1ans are allowed on the base to' When You Arrive A Private First Class doesn't have . to the base because of your "threat", I visit friends, husbands, or to stroll enough power to tie his own shoe laces, ,around the army park. However, on each National GI Week is not a set of you might march around the entire much less ask you to leave the base. perimeter of the base with signs of lopen base, certain areas are clearly "correct" political slogans, behind which Any order has to come down through support -- FTA; Join Us; Support OUr 'marked • off-limits" .A person may be the movement marches onto the base. a complicated chain of command. If charged with criminal trespass for en- Rather we are trying to build the idea GIs, Bring Them Home; We Came to an MP orders you off a base, tell Have a Love-In--How About· It? If the tering such areas. A -. closed" base that the movement and soldiers are him you have official permission from is a m1l1tary installation (generally Air allies aJId that there is civilian support men are not confined, spend the after­ Commanding General So and So. Demand noon around guitars and some good con­ Force) that civilians are not permitted behind the enormous anti-war, Fuck , that YOU see the CO!Jlman,ding General, . to visit without special permission from . the Army sentiment developingwithin the versation about what can be.done,inside Ask the guard to bring the Chaplain the army to end the war... SHOTGUN WEDDING A lot ofpeople inthe movement have group u; the wealthy ... they will always have the political influence'to have a permit authorized and the been talking about reaching Wallace money to buy a permit no matter how expensive it becomes, and they will also have the money to buy i supporters. But the prospect of our expensive hunting rifles (watch those prices go up actually doing something'is limited,. as surplus and other used firearms are eliminated from the marketplace). partly by our fear and partly because "The first groups to be affected are unpopular .we . see few concrete ways to make ~inor1ty groups, particularly black m1l1tants and so­ called right-wing extremists. Scare stories in the contact with "those people"• press and TV make this easy, since other citizens do not see the common threat and will not resist -The' Movement has heard about a concrete strategy at this stage. Our rulers turn us against each other to begin to talk to Wallace folks. One of the things as one of their main techniques to extend their power we have in common with them is O\lr opposition to and reduce ours ... These forces (the police and gun control. A visit to any county gun fair would be m1l1tary) have been used against the people before -­ enough to convince us that the issue is a major concern to break up legal strikes, to harass working class to a large section of working people. people, veterans' groups, and farmers. Some movement people have organized groups to "We can recognize our potential strength -- the protect the right of American citizens to bear arms. many people of diverse racial, ethnic and economic But their propaganda begins to move beyond that backgrounds who share our concerns. It is now clear issue. Here's their pitch. that existing groups of sportsmen and gun enthusiasts "The men who control the TV and newspapers (who face forces which are too poerful for them to do the put the politicians in office in the first place) are job of defending our rights alone. New forces must trying to whip up public hysteria in order to railroad join the struggle ... black militants, so-called, 'bese repressive laws through. It's safe to say that - . . right-Wing extremists, stUdents' and working peOiJ1tJ, only three groups will not have their freedoms cur- hou~ewives and professional men." ... tailed. (TlJe 1 police, the criminals) ••• The third

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the speaker so that the men got a double dose of Section The Murder 94, The Mutiny Act, which forbids disobedience "in concert" to an order. But the noise of the guards, by Bob Feinglass That day Bunch was working on a shotgun detail (four prisoners, singers and the two voices of Captain Lamont Twenty-seven GI's at San Fran­ prisoners and a shotgun-toting guard). He askedthe guard, made the orders impossible to follow. Finally the ·What will you do if I run?" The guard replied that Bunch guards led or carried the protesters away, one by one, cisco's Presido Army Base Stockade would have to run to find out. Bunch ran. The shotgun into solitary confinement. There was no violence. blast tore off the back of his head. The range was so face the death penaltyfor staging a The Charge :;l' close that pellets entering his back came out the front non-violent sit-down to protest ~the of his chest. . The actual charge of mutiny was not placed against The other prisoners on the detail witnessed the murder. . them until ten days later, apparently after consultation murder of a fellow prisoner on Oct­ They were outraged. That night there was a minor riot with Washington and the Pentagon. The charge carries ober 11. in the stOCkade in which windows were broken. a possible death penalty. If convicted, the men might The following day, Saturday, October 12, during the expect a "lenient" sentence of perhaps 20 years at »The victim, Richard Brunch, 19 GI Peace March, 4 AWOL GI's turned themselves in. hard labor. years old, was mentally ill. When he That weekend the stockade buzzed with discussion of the It is clear that the brass fear these protests. The four, Bunch, and the nine others who previously had Court Martial will be conducted by senior officers had gone AWOL, he returned to his chained themselves to ministers instead of going to whose life commitment is to military discipliRe. Vietnam. Evidently, they ,are trying to throw the book at anyone home in Ohio and told his mother Conditions in the stockade are despicable--140 men who chaUenges their rule. he had died and been reborn as a serviced by four toilets, one sink and one shower. They have good reason to fear. Discipline is terrible Guards are untrained and uncensored. Some are sadists among enlisted men and morale is dropping daily. warlock, able to kill enemy soldiers and beatings are frequent. In the past month, five men Nearly everyone in the Army, except for careerofficers, at a glance. His mother turned him have attempted suicide. O'Hara, the killer guard, has is against the war and hates the military. disappeared, presumably in accordance with the Army The protesters are typical soldiers. All are in for in when she received assurances that policy of giving such men an immediate favorable transfer violations of discipline as are most of their brother to the base of their choice. No charges were brought prisoners. More than 80% of them are in for going her son would be given psychiatric against him. The prisoners agreed that something had AWOL, for most, it is not the first or even second care. Instead, he was sent back tothe to be done. time. One is in for slugging a sergeant and a lieutenant, another for disobeying orders to Vietnam. Their average Presidio and confined there with 140 The Sit-Down age is 18. All are White, nearly all are high-school other prisoners in a' stockade built dropouts. None graduated from college. A little more On Monday morning when the men were assigned to than half were drafted. Others enlisted to avoid the to hold a quarter that many people. their work details, 28 of them (one has since recanted draft. Most had their first encounterswith anti-establish. Before his murder, Bunch had written several sulcide and given evidence against the others) walked over to ment, anti-military attitudes i;l the Haight-Ashbury, notes. He often woke up screaming in the night and carried one side, satdown and began to sing, ·We shall Overcome" where the harboring of fugitives from the military is on long conversations with himself. He received no and It America The Beautiful". They all signed a petition a frequent practice. psychiatric help at all. seeking an investigation of the murder and the terrible Only ministers, lawyers and families may visit the On the day' of his death, he scrawled a rough note: treatment and condition of the prisoners. prisoners. The names of two of the prisoners who "Very well, since they want me I'll do it. Welllf your Guards shouted, the other prisoners buzzed, and out participated in the sit-down are Steve Rowland and not going to give me love at least do me the favor of ran Captain Lamont to order them back to work. He Keith Mather. Letters should be sent to The stockade, complete eUmination. But one click and its over." grabbed a loudspeaker mike and then stood in front of San Francisco Presidio, San Francisco, California 94129. I THE MOVEMENT is published, manthly by THE MOVEMENT PRESS, 55 coltg.n street, san francisco, california 94103 -- (4i5) 626-4577 -- subscriptions $2.00 per year ' joseph a. blum, editor staff: terrence cannon, production; karen jo koonan, business; arlene eisen bergman, international; renee blum;" lincoln bergman; peri. gilbert; jerry densch; jack gerson; karen ross; mark hardesty; bob feinglass. chicago staff: kathy archibald; les'coleman; hilda i[natin; noel ignatin; mike james; peter kuttner. c/o sds, 1608 w. madison street, chicago, illinois 60612 -- (312) 666-3874 los angeles staff: bob niemann, bill vandercook. 1657 'federal ave., los angeles, calif. 90025 (213) 478-9509 brother-in-exile: jeff segal DECEMBER, 1968 .. THE MOVEMENT PAGE 3 ELECTION NIGIT USA. •• • (M)VEMENT )• • • ran down the plans and the political logical to assume that another massive line, but the distribution was sparse. demonstration could be pulled off on If people showed up at the rally, we election day. We didn't consider the ~&~ ~rni&~©~~©® figured we could launch the mUlti-target possib1l1ty, which now appears very much thing from there. to be reality, that the strategy and tac­ But most of the people who showed, tics of th,~ student movement are stero­ a small number by Bay Area standards. typed, frozen in a mold created two. Election Day began with an afternoon rock concert were the ones who wanted to groove three, four years ago. in Civic Center Plaza. The music wasn't bad,. the pot in the park. The abyss between SOS The dramatic call for confrontation election rhetoric and the actual scene to the masses no longer works in San was plentiful and the old men who usually gather in the in Civic Center Plaza was tremendous. Francisco-Berkeley.. In Palo Alto. thirty plaza sat and stared into the distance as if nothing miles to the south, 2, OOQ peopllil turned The Region That Wgsn't cut !er an election day demonstration . unusual were happening. and hundreds fought with cops. But Palo After tne concert, we marched to Montgomery Street, When we first adopted the Election Alto is a different scene - - a lot of Proposal we thought it would help pull new people are being reached. people the financial district, where we planned to play "people's the region together. Wehadbeenwallow­ who haven't been exposed to new left monopoly", using the banks and brokerage firms as part ing in abstract discussion and faction ; actions in the past, and the pigs are fights for a long time. We needect some helping to organize them every time of the game. Only 500 or so showed up for the concert, action. , they bust a rally. The Bay Area has been the scene of san Francisco and Berkeley have been but several hundred more joined the march along the the largest and most m1l1tant demon­ through this scene too often in the past. route. strations in the country. and it seemed The election day demonstration turned out hardenedpig-baiters. gave us another About a block from Montgomery. two chance to vent our spleens, but little pigs busted a guy and got in a fight more. with some of the demonstrators who were One or two of the junior colleges pissed off at the arrest. They hassled in the area utilized the wallposters in full view of hundreds of the marchers we put out to help their local work. and changed the entire mood of the and a lot of high school kids in San crowd. Up until this time there was Francisco dug the wallnewspaper but a festive spirit -- people chanted • Fuck didn't show up on election day because the Elections. vote in the streets" and it was midterm day and no unified flashed fists and V-signs at bystanders. walkout had been organized. The bust accomplished two things. But the region certaInly wasn't pUlled It turned the people into a tense angry together. The most that can be said group and it focused hostilities on the is that a small group, through working pigs rather than on the financial in­ on the demonstration, grew to trust one terests of Montgo~ery Street. another and to realize the need to think The notorious Tactical Squad was strategically about a Bay 'Area region. waiting for us when we arrived at We're not going to pull a region Montgomery Street. They boxed ~nto together by calling another demonstra­ the four corners of the intel/section, tion. We're going to have to organize where we stayed for over" two hours on a grass-roots level, around a co­ glaring at the pigs, shuffling _.aimlessly. herent program that relates to that Some of the play money we had (with level. We shouldn't organize a mass pictures of the candidates, RockefeI1er, regional action unless we feel that it and other pigs) was burned along with will tie in organically with local pro­ newspapers. Some people were busted grams; We can't hope to educate through for fire violations and arson. We were a regional action if we don't have a solid not being politically effective nor were core that understands what the demon­ we having fun. stration is trying to accomplish, and In the evening there was supposed this core won't appear by our wishing to be a rally at Civic Center and then it, but only through closer contact with a torchlight earade to the candidates' our base. + headquarters where the candidateswould Arlene Eisen Bergman and be burned in effigy. Only a handful Jack Gerson of people returned to Civic Center. The pigs were there in force. It would have been suicidal to stage an illegal rally at that point. We dispersed and went home to watch the better showmen on TV. ·The Best Laid Plans Of course, we didn't plan for election day to be this way. We had, we thought, an ingenious plan to implement the Boulder resolution passed at the last SOS NC. The resolution suggested re­ gional mass actions on election day and a national student strike to demon­ strate our resistance to the ruling class' electoral maneuvers. We were going to ·Vote lnthestreets" photo: Mark Hardesty, S.F. Newsreel because there is no legitimate way to vote for an end to imperialism and racism and have that vote counted. We . were a loose group of individuals from' decided that the best way to get our­ S.F. and Berkeley -- floating SOS types, political points across was to have some Peace and Freedom Party people, m1l1tant actions at various political tar­ and the Yippies. The SOS chapter at gets: Montgomery street (home of the S.F. State participated marginally in ruling class), Hall of Justice (seat of the preparations. They took responsi­ ~D ~~©[}{]~@&~ racist courts), The Presidio (Army b1l1ty for organizing the action at the' \ rut base) etc. . Presidio. (That actioll never came off We planned for various creative ac­ because on Election Oay they were by John Daniel tions at each target, depending a lot involved in a campus strike. called by on agit-prop l\Jld spontaneity. We figured the BSU to protest the firing of the we would be talking to bystanders through Panther Minister of Education from his A student strike at Eastern Michigan University served our actions and that the multi-target teaching job). thing would give the cops a hard time, to unify and expand our movement which was desperately especially in heavy downtown traffic. Showmanship seeking direction. Although the majority of students did Often Go Astray When a group of isolated individuals not stay out of class, many did, and many more heard, try to organize a mass event, they are The success of these plans depended forced to rely on the media for pub­ and were receptive, to our ideas. on a fair a.nount of people showing up licizing their plans. So about a week It alSO served the function of show­ vitation, and a great deal of pUblicity and careful preparation for each target. before the big day Jerry RUbin, Tom ing the repressive nature of our ad­ in the student paper for the first time. Few showed up and none of our plans Hayden and Eldridge Cleaver spoke at ministration to everyone: faculty posi­ Our actions started Monday night with came off, because the preparation was a rally on the Berkeley campus. The tions were threatened. police were sent a coffin march around campus; followed limited to publicity stunts. rally announced, in a rather confused to most of our meetings, sometimes by a symbolic burning of the "death The Berkeley SOS chapter was too way, the election day plans. There was in uniform, and the night of our action of choice". About three hundred and involved in factional fights and too pre­ a huge turnout to see the big-name the police guarded the President's house. fifty people participated in the march occupied with the campus crisis over stars. They laughed at the jokes, but Our meeting grew from fifty to one fifty people particpated chanting" strike" the Cleaver course to seriously im­ they obviously didn't relate to the election hundred and fifty at times. We worked and • peace now". After the burning plement its plans. We had planned on day plans. hard. uniting the radicals and the Me about fifty people participated in the organizing political brigades to talk The big three(Rubin, Cleaver, and Carthy kids successfully into what is march in Ann Arbor through the streets. about the coming elections and street Hayden) also held a press conference. now our SDS chapter. This provided the ~irst exchange for action. The brigades would have worked Peter Stone from Berkeley 80S was Our actions started with a planned most of our chapter people. We got in classrooms, high schools, and on also there, but his line was predictably walkout of the dorms election eve to out of our isolation. Fouth Street (a euphemism for factory ignored. The reporters dug Rubin's rap protest dorm hours. After meeting in gates.). While the chapter voted for the about making love in the voting booths, all the dorms we found that the girls LACK OF LOCAL ACTIVITIES election proposal, there was never any but not much else got across in the were not yet ready so we have to On Tuesday we had a planned rally time to organize the brigades. press. And people still didn't know what approach the strike in other ways. We at 10:00 but it was too early and not .The other people working on the de­ they should do election day. used guerrilla actions, leafletting and monstration had no organized base. They We made up wallnewspapers which talking in classrooms by teachers' in- CONTINUED ON PAGE 5 ELECTION. NIGIT USA ••• (M)VEMENT) • •• PAGE 4 THE MOVEMENT DECEMBER, 1968 • • • IT'S ALL OVER •• •AMERICA LOSES • • us, but sometimes caused minor civil . what we stand for but are not yet wars to break out in the classes, and turned on to politics. We feel they occasionally was a total success. It will be by the end of the year" , fA\~~ &~~®~ was a difficult thing to do, both in terms A groovy Festival of Life was mobbed of getting our own confidente up and in Tuesday night. terms of sensing how to respond to student attacks, but, generally, we're Lessons Learned On November 4 and 5 Ann Arbor, Michigan was the glad we tried it and we think we've lea-rned some important lessons. We learned a lot in those two days. scene of large, militant demonstrations. The demon­ At noon there was a rallyon the center We had expected to mobilize thousands strations, which were the first successful actions here of campus at which guerrilla theatre of new people around our strike. We people performed and SDS people spoke. attracted new people, but it's more in a number of years, were called as a part of the nation­ There were over1000people there and it our feeling that we consolidated and wide SDS campus strike aroWld the elections. was the most exiciting rally we've had deppened the committment of hundreds in Ann Arbor for quite a while. SDS of solid movement-types than that we people learned to start digging them­ brought masses of uncommitted people selves at that rally and didn't feel they out. ' had to lecturepeople who attended. There For us; this was an exciting victory. Local SDS had called for a student and over 2000 copies of the election was a real senSe of participation and We plan to move fowaI'd with the same strike before the proposal was ratified issues of NEW LEFT NOTES got out. togetherness. kinds of activities and believe that our at the SDS national Council m,~eting at At least three new leaflets came out movement will' grow and deepen through Boulder. The strike was called because each .. week explaining the action. Some Guided Tours these activities. SD~ p;)op:e felt that no one had ac­ were directed at classes, others at In the afternoon the research people We also learned that we have to be curately gauged the discontent in this dorms; some df~a1t primarily with the provided guided tours of the university. more careful in our planning. Defense, country and the deep oppositioa to the elections, others with the war, racism, About 100 people went on each of the for example, was terrible inadequate. VIetnam War as well as the lack of and university complicity. A series of four tours to such places as the re­ By Tuesday we were organized, but on chol ~'~ in these elections. It was our­ special leaflets dealing with the univ­ search laboratories to discuss univeristy Monday, the jocks rattled us. The de­ int,~nt. to involve masses of people in ersity and its involvement as a part of complicity. At the labs the tour was met fense group that grew JlP understands demonstrations and other activities the ruling class in certain specific by an angry scientist who brought • his" that the jocks aren't our enemy, but which would give meaningto our struggle areas--health, education and welfare; grad students out one by one to testify that we are forced to deal with them and would help develop an anti-imNrial­ big business; military --was prepared to how much they enjoyed their work. if they endanger our people. There is ist, anti-capitalist p'arspective. by the research committee. Also a The Resistance people organized lib­ no Victorian sense of honor as we Shortly after the strike pl'ogram was beautiful Wallpaper came out of the eration classes on a variety of topics struggle; if five people throw rocks passed locally the leadHJ'ship of SDS agit-prop committee (whose slogan is such as education, modern dance, the into our group, we send fifty to deal people who had controlled the chapter "less rhetoric, more bad taste") with Multiversity, Imperialism, Capitalism with them. for a number of years (mo;,t of whom a lead article on the role of the Univ­ and Women's Liberation. Hundreds of We also recognize that going to the 'Nere associated with tl:J.ll Independent ersity of Michigan in the death of Che new people attended these raps. president's house on Monday was a Socialist Club), left SDS and formed Guevara. In the evening a torchlight parade tactical error. Power does not reside their own organizaHon. This move cre­ marched past all the dorms and grew with the president and we provided him ated a short-!1ved vacuum in the chapter. from 500 people to over 2000, 'It became with the opportunity to pull his public There was suddenly no clearly defined Pigs At The Polls a lIlilitant, ~ruly marCh, culminatin~ relations bullshit. He bumbled badly, lead,~rshlp but we should never have all0wed him nor organizational form in at the president's house where demands the dL'lpter. The week before the strike, Michigan's to speak. Democratic Secretary of State, James were posted concerning complicity. A- Mainly, the movement grew and deep­ ened through the action. We're discussing what to do about the resumption of bombing, the possibility of a new in­ vasion of Cuba, and classroom democ­ racy. And we're thinking how approp­ riate it would be for Nixon to be in- augurated behind a bunker... by Bill Ayers

E. Mich; U. C,on~ :Fr., P. ,4

many people attended. It was·at this point we made our biggest· mistake. We didn't -provide 'an alternative' for the striking students'on campus. Liberation classes or ,ll' 'teach-in should have been . held: ·At a'2:00 'rally ·two hundred lUld lifty people' attended and' were;'very e'nthusiastic to' tlte SDS speakers;,all from' the chapter. Al the end',Of. 'the r, rally we encouraged'paople' to·come to Ann Arbor fOF their, mardi' and temporary occupation of the adm1n1stra­ tion building. About one hundred people came: OUr mistake' 'agaIn was lack of local activities• . " 'Gainin~ Confidence

At a celebratfon party later in Ann Arbor about seventy·five people' from Eastern Michigan were tl~t!re. Two re­ sults· were clear from the people at Hare, called his first press conference bout 100 jocks organized to hecUe 'the the party where morale was at an all­ Pulling Together in five years to announce that SDS demonstration and minor 'scUffles oc­ time high. First, we proved to ourselves planned to disrupt the polls with bombs curred. that our campus wasn't an apathetic The st.rike program, it turned out, and molotov cocktails. We had scheduled place where people just don't give a shit. was p:,ecl.sely what was needed to p·Jll a press conference earlier for that day, Sit-In Second, that we were really together the chapter together. People organlz~d and Hare's statement guaranteed a large and happy. I think this attitude might thl':.ns,~lves spontaneously into semi­ turnout. We blasted Hare for trying to The next day there were more strike be here to stay as we gained confidence autonomous committees--guerrilla the­ turn people against SDS and the student support activities with a regional mobili­ in ourselves. ' atre, research, dorm organlzlag, class­ movement and were able to publicize zation in the afternoon. This march was 1 think I can safely say that ·this room organizing, agit-pr:>p, high school our line 'On the strike. There were uni­ a lively funeral procession which posted is only the beginning, the struggle will organizing--a'Hi r,:arted to work. An formed pigs observing in the polls on death notices at the -Democratic and continue" . amazing amount of work was done and election day and they kept closewatch on ~ Republican headquarters as well as the NOTE: PRIOR TO THIS YEAR EAST­ new people found important organizing young people who decided to vote. county building. It culminated with a ERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY HAS tasks for themselves in the freed-up On November 4 SDS people were in­ three-hour sit-in at the administration NEVER HAD A CONSISTENT MOVE­ structure. volved in a number of agitational act­ building. students decided to leave the MENT ON THE LEFT. A tremendous amount of propaganda ivities. There were pickets, guerrilla building declaring ·we are leaving to­ got out in the three weeks leading up theatre and some enteringof classrooms gether because we have not undertaken to the strike. The student newspaper to challenge the authority of the pro­ a campaign on a certain SE:t of issues More Election News was negative toward SDS without its fessors. This last activity was touchy that we are going to win on in the and we haven't been able to evaluate it future", and because "we feel that a familiar ISC leadership, but over 300 lot of people on campus are digging copies of the MOVEMENT 'were sold fully yet. It often turned students against. On Pages 20 -21

• •• IT'S ALL OVER •••AMERICA LOSES. L DECEMBER, 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 5 DRUM's long range goal is to oust the present leadership and eventually ~fffJ~ gain control of local 3. It is this leader­ ship which has worked with management to keep blacks out of skilled trades, to keep all but "tom" blacks out of local 3 offices and which gives 'whites all the easy jobs. It is this leadership which has failed to respond to the demands ·c···~.<., of the black workers. DRUM is planning , to replace it with one which will work for the black majority. In a news release, October 3, 1968 DRUM stated, "It is clear that the white ruling class cannot continue to survive without exploiting the black worker." It continued, "In the words of W.E.Dubois, 'The emancipation of man is the emancipation of labor. And the emancipation of labor is the emanci­ pation of the basic majority of workers who are black, brown and yellow'''. lii' lj}f,ning control of local 3 they will have a,tch's'w"" to shut dOwn the plant. InMarch' s wlJ~l2.q~. "Shutting down Ham­ tramck is a revolutionary act". For the first time workers would be able to control their work situation. Power would be taken out of the hands of the bureaucrats and put into the hands of the black workers. Plant vs. Community Organizing DRUM is organizing inthe plant rather than in the communities because they believe they would never be able to get power in the communities; they would have no leverage and would soon be crushed. They might close down bus­ inesses and schools, but this would not create basic change. It would most likely win a few concessions, stir up a few people and dissipate their energy. The forces controlling a community are too diffuse and intangible to attack success­ fully. The plant on the other hand has a clearly visible and vulnerable power structure and DRUM feels their most effective organizing can be done there. The core of their program is the edu­ cation of black workers about the struc­ tural reasons for oppresion and racism FOR 1969,. in this society. This educationwill create a situation where blacks can understand their social and economic PQsitionj it will generate self-respect. Most of the blacks at Hamtramck are from aU over the inner city and when this feeling of 'ilO~ self-respect is taken back to the com­ munities it will fundamentally transform that whole area. DRUM organizers be­ lieve such a power base will be created turns up the heat••• at the plant. Their slogan, "By winning ~y !?<>IU1a Shoemaker' the plant we win the communitY" , refers allowance. to the psychological effect that the A group of militant black workers have' begun to Blacks are traditionallydiscriminated struggle in the plant will hopefully gen­ against both in this plant and in Huber erate in the community. When people organize at· a Detroit auto plailr-and have thrown both Foundry. While they are placed in the in the black communities witness blacks the union and the company into a near panic. It is called paint and body shop or in the pit on confronting the power structure from a the assembly line, which are two of pos1t1on of strength they will feel a the Dodge Revolutionary Union Movement (DRUM) and is the least desirable jobs, whites are put sense of unity, a sense of 'hopefulness. located at the Hamtramck Assembly plant, also known on the inspection lines and in the trim It may encourage them toorganizethem­ shop, where working conditions are much selves around issues in the community. as Dodge Main. It also has members in the nearby Huber better. These job placement decisions DRUM itself does not plan to get into are not made on the basis of seniority community organizing, but will lend Foundry. In both plants the workers are represented by or job experience, but are blatantly aid and supPort to any such efforts. racist. Even at HUber, which is 90% local 3 of the United Auto Workers. Plant Elections DRUM was formed last spring shortly after young black, whites have all the easiest jobs and blacks cannot get into skilledtrades. The most recent of DRUM's activities militant blacks had helped lead a wildcat strike over The DRUM newspaper has been calling has been the attempt to elect a trustee attention to this fact and the organization to local 3. DRUM saw the election as a the issues of speed-up on the. line and blatant racism in has been using this situation in its chance to place a radical black worker the shop. Another wildcat, over similiar issues, was organizing efforts. in a position of control over the local's In fighting against speed-up and the finances. More than that, the elections initiated by DRUM this summer. Since then the group cell1ng .on the cost-of-living allowance, were a way by which DRUM could org­ has been publishing its own newspaper which is widely DRUM is educating black workers as to anize young black workers to fight for the nature of their exploitation by both control over th'3 union. read by black workers at the plant. the company and the union. At coffee and The local UAW leadership attempts lunch breaks and in their newspaper to play upon the initial reaction of white In Detroit, as in most urban centers, the semi-skilled DRUM continually raisesquestions about workers calling DRUM reverse racists and unskilled occupations in most basic industries are why the UAW allows speed-up and why it and harrassing them on the job. After limits the compensation to workers for the summer Wildcat, management fired being steadily taken over by blacks. The concerns of riRes in the cost of living while it ups 7 black workers for their actions in the black workers are not simply bread and butter issues Yle dues. the strike. While the UAW won re­ establishment for 5, it refused to fight but involve job conditions and the racismofboth the unions Union Kickback? for 'the other two who were DRUM '-~-a'-recent leaflet headlined "LOCAL leaders, and they were suspended from and management. 3, WHAT ARE YOU OOING WITH MY the plant, In many plants' where-black workers hoped to rectify the injusticespeacefully, MONEY?", they pointed out that nearly In the last electionthe DRUM candidate are clearly the majority, and where the but repression from the UAW and half of the annual dues 'collected by the Ron March presented a threat to the local union is controlled by whites, black Chrysler helped transform the CMBU local have been lent to the city of Ham­ local union 'leadership, and in combina­ workers have organized themselves into into just a bourgeois social thing. It tramck, at one time or another, for fire­ tion with the Hamtramck police, efforts caucuses which press for demands. A created divisions which lead into oppor­ men and police salaries, etc. The local were made to suppress DRUM. recent example of this is the black bus tunism among some of the members. leaders secretly collect a nice return on Everyone except DRUM people was drivers' wildcat in Chicago where black During the regular local union elections their investment. This allegation has not allowed to put up posters and leaflets workers walked out over demands against in May ,the organization was used by yet been denied. Also the local's capi­ in the plant. Some of the candidates the company and the union, shutting down . local leadership to unify young black tal is deposited in Hamtramck banks had people driving workers to the polls 50% of the operation. workers behind sell-out candidates. rather than in banks in the black comm­ at the local and although everyone used From time to time black caucuses have After that experience a couple of us got unities in Detroit, where most of the "No standing" zones to pick up and drop emerged in UAW locals in Chicago and together and realized that this was bull­ workers live. This means that Ham­ off people, only cars with DRUM posters Detroit, but have found it difficult to shit. tramck benefits from money which should were ticketed. The police would invar­ remain as permanent groups when faced "We decided to form an all-black be going into black com munities. iably take half an hour to write up the with the combined opposition of union organization both to give blacks a sense Hamtramck is a small city of about tickets, thus preventing them from taking and management. DRUM is perhaps the of tog~therness and to prevent the kinds 45,OOO"mainlY white and conservative, DRUM supporters to the polls. most defiant group yet formed among of division we had experiencedinCMBU. which sits within Detroit geographically. black workers. We soon realized we were on to some­ Its whole economy is dependent upon Police Intimidation thing because the idea of black unity Hamtramck Assembly (Dodge Main), CMBU was really hated by the power structure." Chrysler Corporation runs the city. The In spite of this harrassment and the DRUM's development into a radical plant, however, is old and at some point confusion of having 28 candidates in group was gradual as at first black Short Range ~oals in the near future it is going to be moved the running, Ron March received 563 workers sought to apply influence upon to a new location somewhere north of votes, 60 more than the runner-up. the existing union leadership. Before DRUM is now about five months old Detroit. Therefore, the leadership of After the polls closed about 50 of his DRUM there had been a group called and is growing rapidly. Its specific local 3, which is composed almosttotally supporters gathered in a parking lot and Concerned Members for Better Unionism short range goals are "full equity for of older Hamtramck citizens who have a later at the local to await the returns. set up by both black "nd white workers black workers at all levels of the UAW stake in keeping the plant in their town Police closed in on them at the hall and who were tired of the UAW's unre­ structure and an end to racism by for as long as possible, will take no beat, maced and arrested them. sponsiveness to rank and file demands. management". It is also fighting speed­ action which might antagonize the Dodge DRUM leader Ron Marchsaid."We had up and reduction of the cost-of-living management. CONTINUED ON PAGE 7 PAGE 6 THE MOVEMENT DECEMBER, 1968 .. I. tltttitie I-clleII.ittll ~·tt Iiti1IIIeti Since no candidate won a majority, on all the time. Only the old guys can't racism: "We feel that there are things anize blacks, radiC2ls of all colors wUl March was'placedin a run-offwith a local accept the identity part because they in this plant and in our local that the create a new society. leadership-backed candidate on October don't· want black identity. This system black workers .and the white workers 3. Although no arrests were made during has taught them to identify with whites must fight against. Hamtramck is run by Problems this election, all parking lots in the area and iJitegration all their lives. Now they racists! Anyone who thinks this isn't were barricaded and' the place was have too big a stake in leaving things true should ask themselves how many One of the problems DRUM faces is ~ swarming with pollce. alone. So theY'll slip somebody inDRUM white people get placed on the line in' that even though they may gain control March lost the run-off. Hundreds ofre­ a $10 bill and never show their faces at the body shops" . of local 3, the corporation and the union tirees were brought in for the run-off. election time"• There is some tension between the can replace them all if necessary. A­ More important, people who had voted for , Political Scope groups, for CRU expects to organize nother problem is that DRUM's appeal him the first time were afraid to vote ' both whites and black while DRUM is is based to a great extent upon certain because of the mass of police around the Because of DRUM's dual appeal, some concentrating only upon blacks. As yet, persr);m'lties who attract large numbers plant and because of the police riot the members are attracted only by its pro­ both groups see a need to work together initially and create the illusion of suc­ week before. DRUM plans to contest the gram of black consciousness, others by gn.issues whicl!..concer!! th~!D. cess. DRUM could find itself operating election in court. its wider revolutionary content. There­ Although it is small and undeveloped, on the assumption that it had organized Not a Failure fore the political scope in DRUM ranges CRU is very significant. in the face of a large numberofcommittedpeople when from winning equal opportunity in the what is happening now in the working it had actually organized few. Another Although DRUM lost the election they I capitalistic system for black to des­ class with the Wallace movement. Both difficulty is the hatred of whites among did not view their efforts as a failure. troying the system altogetherwith blacks black and white workers are enslavedby a lot of blakcs. This could cause internal Their existence was dramatized by the arising as the vanguard ofthe revolution. this society, but while black dissidence dissention and ultimately weaken the event and the injustices surrounding the The more radical members arettyingto is be~g organized by groupsUkeDRUM, organization. DRUM wUl have to redirect election have been good educational and develop an overall class consciousnessin white'dissatisfactlon- is' IJeiJig c!iaimeled this into a positive thing: a sense oftheir organizing issues. In addition, other DRUM. They are studying their own his­ Into "Stand up for America"• The need[ own history and of the class nature of small insurgent groupsofblackworkers, tory and reading Franz Fanon. .for. white -working class organizers is this society, leading into a program for influenced by the example of DRUM, radical change. have been forming in plants around The White CRU immense. As Doug Youngblood, a com­ munity organizer in Chicago, has put it, The organizers in DRUM are not Detroit. The Ford Revolutionary Union romantic, but are conscious of each Movement (FRUM) is one example. The strong anti-white bias in DRUM "We must go to our people and organize •..as agents of r.evolution, with our goal step they take. Although they are in­ The appeal of DRUM is primarily to has been altered by a new development spired by Malcolm X and Franz Fanon, in the plant. Not long before the election being to assist our people in becoming young black workers. In discussing why involved in the fight against the system they are organizing according to the DRUM lost March said, "DRUM has a handful of young militantwhite workers that victimizes them in the sameway that specific realities of Hamtramck and formulated its plans around three fac­ formed a counterpart to DRUM called it does black people" • though they seek revolutionary change tors: black unity, black awareness and the Committee for a Real Union (CRU). they dOn't pretend revolution is around black identity. All the young blacks dig CRU's immediate aim is to figth against Since the election when CRU supported the DRUM candidate, the hardanti-white the corner. They are hopeful at this the program. It is real to them because the racism of management and to org­ point and have not yet lost their cool. of the constant intimidation by manage­ anize white workers around DRUM's line in its newspaper. and in its rhetoric has been toned down. There is a growing ment and the pushing around of the demands concerning job conditions. In .. workers by the supervisors that goes its leaflet CRU attacks working. class feeling that although blacks must org-

Chrysler Corporation owns the Hantamck Plant. Chrysler is one of the world's ten la:r.gest companies in terms of sales. Its profits run over $200 mUlion a year. You can find subsidiaries owned by Chrysler in France, Spain, Scotland, Australia, Venezuela, Switzerland, England, Holland, Canada, Greece, Puerto Rico, South Africa, Peru, Argentina, Columbia, Phillippines, Turkey, Belgium and Mexico. The Board of Directors -- A Select Few: Howard L. Clark is also President 6f American Express and director of these dope on dodge other companies: National Steel Corporation, Mellon National Bank, Cluett Peabody and Company, Lehman Corporation, U.S. Trust Company. George Love is also director of Pullman Company, Union Carbide Corporation, General Electric, Mellon National Bank. KUlefer used to be Vice Chairman of the Import-Export Bank and Special Assist­ ant to the Secretary of the Treasury of the U.S. Their Hamtramck plant is the largest plant owned by Chrysler, nearly four and a half million square feet. It is the main assembly plant. In 1968, its 8,000 employees produced nearly 400,000 cars (Dodge Darts and Chargers and Plymouth Valiants and Barracudas).

) .... -

Union struggle in Laurel Mississippi againstthe Masonite Corporation has, after a long up and down struggle, union and Masonite Corporation, asking The members of Local 5-443 have worker~ for two things: '. taken other steps to strengthen their brought black and white together. . 1. That the trusteeship placed upon cause. It is no secret that Masonite The April 1968 MOVEMENT reprinted was finished, but the strikers pulled Local 5-443 be declared Ulega!. was' able to split many black workers an article by RObert Analavage of the themselves together and looked forways 2. That the contract signed by the in­ from their union brothers "because the SOUTHERN PATRIOT on the breaking to fight back. ternational and the company on Dec. 6, local itself had not fought discrimination of a strike in the Masonite hardboard The workers held a series of rallies 1967, be declared Ulegal. and injustice. ' plant. in an open field in an adjacent county The strikers distributed a leaflet in Today, however, the local has a five­ Masonite obtained court injunctions (they were denied use of their own which they say: "In the simplest poss­ man committee--three white, two black against the strike and hired security union hall). They voted unanimously to ible words, here is the situation. Mas­ --which includes all workers in delib­ guards. It brought in strikebreakers take legal action. onite wanted our union broken. It is no erations. It is a small but important from all over the south.•.as well as Charges were filed with the National secret that two Masonite officials carne step for their own common interest. using students from Mississippi univ- Labor Relations Board (NLRB). The to Laurel for the purpose of finding In another step, the workers are pub­ ersities. The company' succeeded in board agreed to accept charges of dis- out how the Union could be busted. lishing their own newsletter to keep the splitting many black and white workers: criminatory rehiring (strong unionists "Working conditions at the plant have community informed on what is happen­ by playing one group against the other. were not called back to work) and inter- gone from bad to worse since last ing. The local paper is hostile to their After nine months of struggle and five ference in the internal affairs of the December. Several men have been killed, cause (it is controlled by Masonite), and men killed, the International Woodwork- local union. many more have been injured. Little of the strikers see the need to speak out ers Union placed the local (5-443) under However, the board refused to reopen this is public knowledge. with their own voice. trusteeship. Then the International the question of whether the strike was "The company has tried to hide it, The workers say in their leaflet that signed a contract with the company legal. Three months after filing of the just as it has tried to hide the fact that "the struggle is not over! Itcan'tbeover which the strikers called a "sweetheart charges, the NLRB had taken no action its present production is way below the while the Local remains under trustee­ deal". The strikers said they learned whatever. quality produced before April 21 last ship--while we work under an ILLEGAL that Masonite had threatened the in­ year. CheGk the stockmarket reports on SWEETHEART CONTRACT--and while ternational union with a $3,000,000 suit Local Files Suit Masonite; they indicate what we believe so many of our brothers are locked out if it dido't put the local in trusteeship. to be the case·,·that Masonite is in by Masonite, simply because they are Nineteen hundred men were thrown So the local his filed suit in U.S. bad shape financially and its credit good union men." out of work. It looked as if the local District Court against the international threatened!' B'ob Analavage • SOUTHERN PATRIOT

DECEMBER, 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 7 . ...-...... -- ..---- ~ HcwJt- Yew ------to -HwIu- -- . w DtMl' 'SAN FRANCSICO-A "deal" is when the District Attorney and the defense lawyer agree not to take a case to trial. It 'usually means that the DA drops or lowers a charge on condition that the defendant pleads guilty. No trial, no muss, no fuss. The DA is happy: he's got a con­ Needless to say, the defense, lawyers viction. The lawyer is happy: he doesn't and defendants alke, spend the rest of have to spend a week or month in trial the day in a daze. They had thought they while he loses business. The judge is were losing: actually they were winning happy: he doesn't have to sit in the or at least fighting to a draw. courtroom at the taxpayers expense They lost their chance to sue the police, while cases pile up on the docket. Is and placed their fate in the hands of the defendant happy? That depends. the Probation Department and the Judge, neither known for their fondness for The Cannon Triql handsome Beatles or their distrust of the police. The last week in October TerryCannon and Rick Epstein went to trial in San Have Faith In The Masses Francisco. They had been arrested dur­ ing the summer Haight street riots and Already beaten up in the police station by the SF Tactical Squad (see the MOVEMENT, There are some things to be learned ISeptember, 1968). They were charged .from this: with inciting to riot, resisting arrest, r Not' all rniddlc-c;1ass, older whites are interfering with an officer and profanity. anti-youth culture. Long hair and non­ They were also sueing the city for conformity have permeated our society. $20,000 a piece for police brutalitYJ Several jurors said, "We don't par­ They had tried to make a deal before ticularly like long hair, but it's ok the trial. Cannon is about to be tried The defense had been playing it safe. than it often thinks. The chances of for kids." It is not always the best policy to play. winning may be better than we imagine. for the Oakland Seven; a conviction in "We bought our own propaganda about ,this case would have hurt him in the safe. In a climate of repression you're They certainly were in this case, which older people", said Cannon. "After all, never really safe anyway. To make a in front seemed like just another case :Seven's trial. But the DA would have we are their kids." :none of it. He was "shocked" that the , deal is to play it safe. If you're sure of Crime in the Streets meeting Law Secondly, in San Francisco at least, to lose, making a deal may be a good and Order in a losing fight. ,two would complain about police bru­ the cops and the Tac Squad are not idea. But the left is more legitimate Take our advice: think twice. .. tality and wanted to prosecute. So they well-loved. Many old people livM through went to trial. the 1934 General Strike, when cops were the enemy. And the Tac Squad has been Bad Karma In Court in the news a lot recentIy--for killing ~aaaa••aa••a"'aIaaaaa.~....a.aaaaa: a man who scraped an off-duty cop's, It looked bad for the defense/from the cari for shQoting a woman in the bp~ci start of the trial. The DA used his while aiming at a noisy alleycat; for challenges to bump off the prospective beating up two 14 year old white kid:", WHERE IT"S AT jury anyone who was not white, over People. are afraid !Jf that: it's anarct 50 and respectable looking. The prosecu­ ••• A RESe~1\CH Gur DE FOR tion witnesses were the same Tac Squad if your can't trust the cops, who can members who had arrested and beaten you trust? And you can't trust the cops. CoMMUNITV ORGt\NIZfNG ••• the defendants. The judge was well-known Without even hearing the defense tes­ for his anti-movement sentiments. timony, many jurors had decided that ••• Real Estate OWtlershtp •• Urban The cops had a well- rehearsed, de­ the cops were lying. Service~ tailed story. These were no ordinary Ret1ewa' ••• Communit.Y t PubJ it •• cops. They were the New Action Army, sophisticated, unruffled. They knew how .Police••. Courts ••• Law..Yers ••• Unions.••• to testify. They sounded as if they had studied books on cross-examination and Consumer Aet.oJ') ••• Jobs ••. knew how to avoid the traps the defense lawyer might lay for them. Their story •Or.9aniZitl.9 Resoutces ••. e others ••• was detailed and complete. One cop 50 could practically point to the spot on I)ONA1"ON $ 1. ••, his arm where Cannon. had supposedly grabbed him. They had just enough fabrication to explain everything. Epstein had "broken loose from our grasp and fallen against ~l) a pipe", which explained his smashed 7 UP AGAINST face. Another cop had been forced to . hit Cannon in the" rib area" , explaining his fractured rib. During all this the jury sat, seemingly bored. The defend­ THE WALL . ~c ants and their lawyers were convinced by the fifth day that the jury was con­ JAKLAND, CALIF.-Last Month we said that the Oakland vinced that the clean-cut straight-talk­ Seven were going to trial November 18. Not so. It looks ~'Black Panther Party. They wanted him very badly. They got him. He is now serving 30 years in prison. . He was convicted of giving one marijuana cigarette to an undercover agent. The agent was black. He was the only witness the prosecution produced. His testi­ mony was the only evidence the prosecution entered. For the jury, it was enough. After the murder of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Lee Otis Johnson organized and led a memorial march of 8,000 people through Houston. According to those present, Johnson was given a steady ovation after he finished speaking. Apparently such popularity with his people alarmed the police. The next day, police raided the SNCC freedom house and arrested three persons; one was Johnson. They were charged with sale and possession of marijuana; later the possession charge was dropped. "The undercover agent," Mrs. Johnson Said, "was a Negro--I wouldn't call him black. He had an Afro haircut that had to take him six months to grow. That's how long they were planning this. It was this guy's word against Lee otis'. The jury believed him" • Today Johnson is in a prison that is 80 percent black. He is isolated from the otherprisoners obviouslybecause the authorities fear he may carryon his organizing work among the inmates. He has written a letter from jail addressed to his people. , In it he says,"We still got house niggers running around , here. Just as the slave masters used TOM in those days to keep an eye on us in the field- -to keep him informed photo: National Organizing Committee --he is still using the ole house nigger today to keep us in check. Its the same situation, he loved his master then he loves his master now. He betrayed his people then~, he was dangerous, he is .a danger to all of us COLUMBUS, Ohio--Four movement org­ young Chicagoan and dezcribes his res­ today." ... anizers were fired on Nov. 4, from the ponse to being harassed on his motor­ staff of the Gladden settlement house in cycle by a Chicago cop. Columbus, Ohio. Two of those fired, Jim The firings at Gladden and Maynard's Buckley and Dana Tabscott, are organ­ arrest go much deeper than handing out izers for the National Organizing Com­ FIRING LINES. Local people in the mittee (NOC). (see story page 12.) settlement house neighborhood bel1eve The firings came ten days after NOC the actions are connected to the United organizers handed out PeggyTerry-for­ Appeal Fund (UAF), a fund raising drive Vice-President campaign literature to from which Gladden gets 90% of its people in the settlement house. Buckley operating expenses. and Tabscott organized the campaign's Due to Gladden's and some other visit to Columbus. agencies' involvement with the Poor Gary Maynard, a NOC organizers from People's Campaign and other contro­ Chicago, was arrested by Columbus Pol­ versial issues, the UAF drive came into ice the morning after the settlement severe criticism from right wingers who house visit and charged with possessing threatened to withdraw their support. obscene literature and assualtinga police . This year the UAF Drive failed by office. Seventeen year old Maynard--a $100,000 to meet its goal. The Gladden • juvenile" --is still being held in Franklin staff charge that they have been sac­ County jan pending a "securityinvestiga­ rificed to show the conservatives that tion" . No release on bail is permitted for something is being done to meet their juveniles. criticism. They say that Gladden was The obscenity charge, according to a picked on because it has a conservative local newspaper, was tiled over a poem board and it is in a white working class in the FIRING LINE. The report says, neighborhood where charges of racism the poem, ·was interspersed with four cannot be appl1ed to the cut-oft. The CONTINUED I letter words generally frowned upon for UAF fund drive has been continued be­ ~-----_..... public use". The poem was written by a yond its deadline. ON PG.17 DECEMBER, 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 9

"George Wallace says there ain't . a dimes worth of difference between the other two candidates; we say there ain't a nickel's worth of dif­ ference between the three of them.n Peggy Terry, Vice Presidentialcan­ didate with Eldridge Cleaver on the

~ .. { Peace and Freedom ticket.

Movement people asked Peggy and National Organizing Committee (NOC) organizers why we decided to run. A situation came up and we used It. Peggy Terry, active in Chicago's Uptown where JOIN had worked for severalyears, was nomi­ nated at the P&'F Party's convention in Ann Arbor. The nomination was offered at the time NOC was formed. Forty midwestern factory, neigh­ borhood, army and high school or­ ganizers met at a farm in Fairborn, Ohio on the weekend of September '20th. The decision to go ahead with the campaign was made there.

~

OR: THE NATIONAL ORC

EXPERIMENT 1

PAGE 12 THE MOVEMENT DECEMBER, 1968 NOC grew out of the National Com­ more stUdents w1ll look to the working been written on boards and a couple of derground papers, the war, etc. Two munity Union. NCU had been conceived class, both in terms of political per­ kids were kicked out of school because young guys talked seriously about set­ as a recruiting and training operation spective and work, when radical political they refused to obey orders not to dis­ ting up an underground paper in their for students in an effort to develop actions (not just mi11tancy) increase tribute their stockpiles. We returned high school. organizing efforts similar to JOIN's among working class kids. We seek to after school and joined about 70 students Later that night Peggy spoke to a in other midwestern cities. (See THE recruit cardre and comrades among (from several high schools) for a rap war on poverty group composed, sup­ MOVEMENT, January 1967) working class kids. We felt that a vice in the park about what had happened. rislngly, of poor peol?l: who were turned The Fairborn meeting involvetl people presidential campaign on a national ticket Soon the pigs came driving across the on to our program and the ideaof linking attempting to develop a sense of move­ would give us a legitimacy attracting lawn of the public park, entered the up with us in the future. ment among segments of the working some people whose lives we normally shelter and grunted "Who gave you st1l1 later that night we created a class in several cities. Everyone who woUld not touch. permission to be here?" "Its a public scene at a Donovan concert at Indiana came had been working at this for some park", was the reply. "Who's the leader University Extention attended by about time in different ways. Most felt ex­ Wallace Is A Phony here?" "We're alltogether." They kicked 2000 media hippies (a good number of tremely isolated from other organizers 5. Wallace is a phony, but he talks us out. them working class kids) when we dis­ and other segments of the movemp.nt. to our people. We felt it our responsi­ . We moved the meeting to someone's tributed literature during intermission. The group discussed collective prob­ bi11ty to try and neutralize Wallace as home where Peggy, other NOC people The hip-manager-type demanded to know lems, tried to pave the way for a col­ much as we could in areas where our and high school· Panthers talked with who. gave us permission. He was tOld, lective strategy and eventually a new people are working. It was decided that people for several hours. The kids "the People's Liberation Army", and working class organization. We saw our­ Peggy's speeches would be political decided to start an SDS chapter, dis­ backed off. The kids kept saying, "Wow, . selves as a loose network of organizers attacks on Wallace, as well as on the cussed plans for a walkout, tactics on is SDS coming to Indianapolis?" "start mainly among young white workingclass other representatives ofthe ruling class. their bill of rights, and control of one." people. At the end of the meeting we Literature woUld state that while Wallace curriculum. By morning we were in Louisville agreed to temporarily call ourselves sounded coolon some things, he is no Other stops in Iowa included campus where a great deal of leafleting had NOC. The name change from NCU to friend of the little mIlD. visits to Iowa State University in Ames, been done on an anti-Wallace theme NOC indicates that we were no longer 6. The campaign would also expari­ Simpson College in Indianola, the Univ­ by SCEF and former JOIN people. The trying to build community unions. We ment with organizing approaches. We ersity of Iowa in Iowa City and an SDS Louisville organizers, newly situated were beginning to see our target as discussed trying"guerr1l1a action" type regional meeting in GrinDel. in two white neighborhoods, had no young working class kids everywhere: f~ "g::Ulizing in addition to our usual"rap­ frim base other than some contacts in neighborhoods and factories, on the ping with people" organizing. This meant . Low Key In Indiana with young kids and one family who had streets, in prisons, the army and schools. that in a city where there was action been active in JOIN when they lived around the grape boycott a group of us A group from Chicago moved on to in Chicago. Two more NOC people joined Potential For Organizing might stuff ourselves with grapes in a Indiana University in Bloomington for the campaign there and a working col­ supermarket, disrupt the shelves and a speaking'engagement. NOC people lective began to develop. Objective conditions and organizing split. The underlying assumption was from Cincinatti joined us in Indianapolis. Peggy spoke in front of an integrated efforts in the black and student com­ that by living our beliefs and taking Our contact there was at a local com­ working class high school as school munities have produced the Black Pan­ bolder actions we might be able to . munity center. Our work there was very let out. Although they didn't come near ther Party and SDS. We see a young reach gutsier and harder young people. low key; we hung around the center, us, the cops were there in force, having white working class movement as the ·7.We believe that the Biack, Chicano played basketball, had water fights and been "alerted" by a morning press natural ally of the Black, Chicano and and Student movements cannot make a eventually got into a three hour rap conference. Unfortunately a number of student movements. We believe that the revolution without an American radical­ with working class high school students black kids had misinterpreted the leaf­ objective conditions for radicalism exist ism rooted in the white working class. and dropouts. We talked about compul­ let we had distributedand began to heckle among young people in the working class. The campaign woUld be used to inject sory ROTC, racism and how it's used. Peggy thinking she w~ .for Wallace. They are alienated, anti-authoritarian, a workinK class perspective into the stu- to divide students, boring classes, un- CONTINUED ON PG. 18 ANIZING COMMITTEE & THE PEGGY TERRY CAMPAIGN ITH A TRAVELLING MINSTREL SHOW & REVOLUTIONARY JUGBAND

anti-police, anti-mi11tary and m~terially dent movement and to s'Jgg~st organic exploited, but Unlike Blacks and students approaches to the working class for by Bob Lawson, Diane Fager and they have no radical political frame of radical students. We wanted to get stu­ Mike James reference. For years radicals have cho­ dents to think seriously about how and sent not to do the difficult groundwork where they w1l1 act as radicalswhen they necessary for radicalism in the working leave the campus, and to couriteract the class. They have not lived nor worked guilt that certain political groups with' among the people; they have not taught a heavyworking class perspective (main­ in the schools. NOC came into being ly Progressive Labor Party) inject into to help create that radical frame of the important student movement. We be­ reference, to help develop the SUbjective lieve we have a more realistic and conditions necessary for radical action organic conception of how students shoUld and thought among young working kids. move in making the transition to radical The Terry campa'gn was seen as a activity in a working class setting; a way of getting on with this task. The transition that does not have to tone campaign shouldn't be viewed as an down the mi11tancy of the student move­ acceptance of the viability of electoral ment itself. politics, nor of the organizational form 8. Finally, our experiences have shown and organzing style of the Peace and the difficUlty of doing working class Freedom Party. Rather, NOC saw the organizing when there is such a great campaign as an excuse to move, to get absence of organizing materials (news­ started, to pull a loose network of working papers, films, literature) that can be class organizing conta cts around the used with working class kids. It was midwest into a tighter collective trying thought that the -eampaign would allow to define a path toward a common us to experiment with a newspaper strategy. geared to young high school and working kids, force us to develop a program Objectives stating what we're for, as well as pro­ ducing leaflets and educati'onal materials NOC's participation in the Cleaver­ such as films and pamphlets. Terry campaign was more specifically conceived of as an attempt to do eight The Campaign Begins things: L. We wanted to tie ourselves together, The campaign began with four of us beginning to act as a pOlitical collective. hitting Iowa. While we didn't have any We didn't define what that meant, but NOC organizers in Iowa, we did have left the definition to grow out of our contact with some good SDS people and work. It was clear to most of us that saw our visit there as a trial run. An isolated radical work, as well as in­ afternoon in Des Moines turned out to dividual personalities defining direction be the most exciting part of the trip. At was not the way to build radical con­ an evening meeting with an assortment sciousness and organization among of movement people (SDS, high school workinK people. kids, Welfare recipients, church and 2. The campaign was viewed as a Inl1anS agency people, Panthers) we met several of aiding and educating local organizers. high school students who were doing SDS A number of people in NOe are young organizing around a student b1l1 of rights people from the working class. others in a working class school. Itis important come out of the student and civil rights to note that they had been doing good movement and have been working in groundwork in the school. What they a working class setting for some time. wanted from us was a boost of en­ However, some of us are new to the thusiasm. They told a lot of kids we movement -- recruited from neighbor­ were coming. We were to meet them hoods and factories or the campus -­ during lunch period at a drive-in rest­ and lack experience. The campaign was urant, to rap. They were a few minutes seen as an attempt to help newer people late and while waiting we began to pass move with the support of others. out VIETNAM GI's, MOVEMENTS, NEW 3. We felt that com mon work and ex­ LEFT NOTES, F'lRING LINES, SDS basic periences would help develop a strong brochures, draft literature and Pigpost­ working class organization. Atthis time, ers. we are concentrating on the midwest, The place went up for grabs! The especially in the three heavy industrial owner freaked and called the pigs. They' states -- Illinois, Michigan and Ohio. arrived as large numbers of kids came This is where most of us are located pouring out of the school to get some and have built our nefwork. It is a literature. As the plainclothes detective region of the country where people held the four of us (two local SDS have been organizing among young work­ .people) we exchanged fists and V signs ing class kids, where organizers aren't with the kids and continued to pass out distracted from their work by the pull literature to kids who kept coming up of mass demonstrations, and it is a to us. We were place in a pig car and region that has not been scarred by the kids yelled, "let 'em go". _We were inner-left political chaos of the North­ driven back tothedrive-inwhereacrowd east and West Coast. We decided to of about ' 'j) I;'.ds kept coming for their concentrate the campaign there. literature and kidded about a riot. The 4.We felt that the campaign woUld pigs let us go after threatening us. help us reach new working class people. What had happened insidewasa school­ NCU had consciously set out to. re­ wide spontaneous debate on the right cruit stUdents in order to link their to keep the literature, which the vice­ lives with a working class mi11eux. principal was desperately trying to sieze photo: National OrganiZing Committee While NOC will do that, we believe with little success. "Free". slogans had PAGE 13 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY THE FIRST ONE'S ALWAYS '" . by Martin Nicol::lUS Calling in the Royal Canadian Mounted 'Police was one mistake the administration of Simon Fraser University (near Vancouver, Canada) did NOT make this summer.· No broken skulls, nbproperty defamation, no TV spec­ taculars. It was a parliamentary student movement that cost three university presidents their jobs,opened a crack in British Columbia politics, and revived the .entire English-Canadian university based movement. When it opened in 1965 Simon Fraser orations, SDUunraveled the more evident made headlines as the "instant univer-, chains of adminstration/business invol- sitY". British Columbia has been a vement. It gravitated in its tactical talk . northern Bolivja since the 1950' s, a between strike, sit-in and physical oc- utopia for foreign investors. Thanks to . cupation of buildings. While maintaing the prov1n1al government's Mafia-like; a negative attitude toward campus com- fiscal practices, U.S. corporations bene- mittee work and toward the doings of !it from an open-legs policy. They find radical-liberal student senators, SDU ,ehe,ap credit, land, roads, power, water, pollution rights, low taxes, easy profit confrontationist philosophy stopped short transfer and a brutal anti-union law. of an anti-grades position. It preferred In return they take out forests, petro­ not to rupture the tacit united front leum, natural gas, copper, lead, iron , between students and radical-liberal fac­ ore, zinc, sulphur, water and whatever Ulty. else they can pick up and carry. Not Internally it vacillated between tighter suprisingly there has been an invest­ and looser forms of decision - making. ment boom. Influence of older-left splinters within While BC's northern hinterlands shape SDU was slight. Progressive Workers up as tomorrow's Appalachia, the cities, (Canadian PL) had realized earlier that especially Vancouver, are being redone winning arguments with students was in the Yankee image: office skyscrapers•. a way of getting its energies coopted and high - riseapartments. The corpora­ by the academy and withdrew from the tions need accountants, low-level scien­ hill to advance into the factories. The tists, market dopester, salesmen, etc. Trotskists did not attempt to take over. Alas! The BC universities could not turn them out fast enough. Hence the The Center Falls Apart decision to build Simon Fraser. Less As winter turned to spring, storm­ than two years passed between )nue­ clouds gathered around administrators J)rint and Grand Opening ceremonies. everywhere. Paris, Berlin, Tokyo, Col­ umbia happened. While the Vancouver Gas Station And A Suspension ,press played these events down so as to keep the lid of complacent isolation But less than one year passed be­ on the labor force, the Vancouver under­ tween Grand Opening and the first stu­ ground paper, GEORGIA STRAIGHT,and dent uprising. The Board of Governors, the campus weekly, headlined each stu­ capitalists all, built a gas station on dent advance. Many less publicized stu- I student turf. A student-faculty front dent actions took place in Canada at demonstrated and picketed, but due to the- same time. The Canadian election inexperience, got shunted into committee campaign was warming up, and the while the administration poured cement. New Democratic Party crept toward an The station stOOd, but the administra­ anti-Trudeau, anti-US-control analysis. tion' s legitimacy fell. The time had come to move from talk In the Spring of 1967,they blew it to action. ~'Ji in a big way. A high school student in Two .campus developments pushed this town had been suspended for writing further. First, the student government a poem critical of his English teacher, . wallowed from a semester of financial I c corruption into a semester of political 'cepted a post in Chile instead). PSA euphoric, the coalltion rapidly became :mimeographing it and handing it out. forced the resignation of its head, re­ Five TA's from SFU went down to help bankruptcy. Despite their loud anti­ a smooth and efficient team. They cleaned ,administration noises made to keep stu­ placed him with an elected chairman up old business and proceeded to pass organize support for him. Beaten and (Mordecai Briemberg, 30-year old vet­ arrested by police outside the high dent intereSt the student council turned resolutions in favor of Black Power,. eran radical and scholar and head of Red Power, Women Power, Worker Pow­ 'school, the five were summarily fired into a tasteless joke and resigned en the Hire Frank movement), and opened ,by the Board of Governors (BoG). SFU masse after escaping impeachment by er, People Power, while laying the technical.i~~. its meetings and committeesto stUdents. groundwork for an eventual confrontation stUdents, remembering their high school a By constantly moving toward greater English teachers, came out solid behind Since the corrupt and the irrelevant with the Board with a view to the openness, the PSA faculty majority as­ latters' elimination. the TA' s. A credible strike threatforced student council slates of previous sem­ sured itself of student supportand there­ BoG into all-night emergency session esters had been"reform" tickets, student Whether the council would have suc­ by its own survival. At the same time ceeded in this program remains an open ,while a thousand waited outside with moderates and liberals lost their credi­ it provided students not only with an 'songs and torches, ready to vote strike. bility.as campus politicos. question, for barely a week after it education in society, but also an educa­ came to power, itwas suddenly presented The BoG yielded and reinstatedthe five. Secondly, a crisis erupted on the long­ tion in education. In line with the business precept that simmering faculty front. Faculty in the with an extraordinary DEUS EX capital should not sit idle, SFU operates Political Science, Sociology and Anthro­ MACHINA. The Canadian Association all year round on the tri-semester pology department (PSA) had voted to Student Power of University Teachers (roughly equiva­ system. Thus puerile freshman/soph/ lent to the AAUP), which had previously hire Dr. Andre Gunder Frank, author These changes produced the Student reported "feudal" administrative pro­ jUnior/senior sub-identities do not de­ of works critical of imperial policy Power movement. Catalyzed by the ar­ :velop and movement organizing can go cedures at SFU, escalatedits concern and in scholarly sympathy with third rival ofJohn Conway, a radical organ i zer dramatically by passing a motion of "i on continuously. (Capitalism prepares .world revolutions. He had been fired. from the east, the student radical move­ the ground for its own negation.) Over from Montreal's Sir George Williams censure against the SFU BoG and ad­ ment inside and outside SDU decide1 to ministration for their handling of a psy­ I the summer and fall the solid anti­ University for helping organize an anti­ run a student power slate in the student administration front created in the TA Dow demonstration. But higher univ­ chology professor's contract non- rene­ government elections. Campus sympathy wal. crisis lost its central focus, but many ersity committees stalled the appoint­ with student uprisings around the world .had been radicalized and kept up org­ This had the effect of warning univ­ ment process; seeing in Frank the image was wide. Student opposition to the ad­ ersity teachers not to accept employment ,anization and harassment on various of Mao, ~hey hoped to throttle PSA, ministration had broadenedand deepened ,at SF U, and it indirectly cast a shadow fronts. Radicals got two students ad­ where much of the more militant faculty l'l" l'l rp,<:n1t of th" "tt"mnted anti-PSA mitted to the university senate, muck­ 'and student anti-administration opposi­ over the reputation of the university's wit :;l.. hunt. Senate and committee radi­ B.A degree. Student sentiment was near raked in committees, infiltrated student tion was concentrated. calism had shown diminishing returns government and the campus paper. TA' s ,unamimous that the' censure was just­ and was headed for the same irrele­ ified, and great was the anxiety to have and grads formed unions. Facultypress­ vancy as "reform" student:;overnment. ed for "academic freedom" guarantees, . this stain on the university's reputation spadeworked on committees, formed a Faculty opposition to the administration removed as rapidly as possible. The union. Nothing much happened on the Witch-Hunt was growing and swayed much student council had been handed an indisputable surface, but a successionof minor issues sentiment. mandate to act. 'expanded consciousness of administra­ Fourteen of PSA's 23 faculty issued The liberal campus politicos had lost There were those on the council who tive illegitimacy. a signed public statement of protest to their credibility. SDU's reputation was argued for immediate occuption of the the university. On presidential instiga­ on the rise, and non-SDU leaders Conway administration building, to be lifted only Enter The Radicals tion, the Dean of Science convened an . and Martin Loney (spokesman for the when the structural changes necessary emergency Senate meeting to "investi­ five TA' s fired the previous year) could to remove the censure had been ac­ In January 1968, bolstered by the gate the quality of the academic en­ count on heavy moderate support, in complished. But the majority preferred arrival of John Cleveland and Him Hard­ viornment" in PSA. Knowing a witch- part by sheer personal magnetism. to hold off. ,ing (experienced Canadian student-radi­ . hunt when they saw one, student senator Those SDU dissenters who preferred The exact meaning and duration of the 'cal and New Democratic Party org­ Sharon Yandle and PSA faculty explained the tactical flexibility of minority status censure were not known, nor was it clear --. anizers), the more conscious segment of the approaching event to massively­ were won over to the coalition. what conditions would have to be satisfied the broad anti-administration front in­ attended student rallies. 'It was not thought that they would to cancel it. Communication with CAVT corporated as Students for a Democratic A sit-in took place outside the meeting, win the elections, but that the campaign in Ottawa were not good, and there was University. Borrowing ideas and vocabu­ at the end of which friendly senators would be an excellent organizing tactic. a feeling that the faculty would have lary from the recently-expired Student (deliberately breaking senate confidence) A student power program was draw.n to make the first move before student Union for Peace Action (English Canada's . up ranging from economic points through action could be legitimate. . released the Dean's list often"charges" , Faculty faced the same problems· of rough equivalent to SDS), SDU leader­ unsupported by data and phrased as curricula to abolition of business control ship tied economic issues (scholarships, over the Board of Gvoernors. 'Confusion and lack of communications, smears. To prevent rumors and to keep and in any case were more poorly fees, books) toworking conditions (space, students informed, PSA faculty printed housing, food, medical care) and control organized and inherently politically slug­ the "charges" and spread them widely. Surprise Success gish than students. (curricula, courses). At the same time This had the effect of maintaining stu­ it promoted consciousness of anti-im­ dent confidence in faculty and of dis­ Headed by Loney and Conway, the ,perialism, Canadian nationalism and crediting the attack. ticket won by a near-landslide in the When In Trouble, Vote solidarity with Quepcc. Taking the offensive, PSA moved to heaviest turnout of any SFU election. So a week of noon rallies passed Conceiving tl1e university as part fac­ raise funds to hire Frank outside un­ Loney became president of a council where the issue was hashed and re­ tory, part service station for the corp- iversity channels (Frank eventually ac- in which only two members were not hashed before the council began to make Student Power. 'First stunned, then its lI!ove. It proposed to submit to a PAGE 14 THE MOVEMENT DECEMBER, 1968 THE HARDEST -. student votE' a plan to impose a mora- While the now-fractured council spent torium on classes, duringwhich a vaguely the rest of the day in post-mortems, defined program of "free" lectures and the initiative passed to the faculty, who seminars would be held in the large had called an unprecedented meeting to lecture theatres and on the mall. The consider what to do. Partly in the hope aim was to discuss educational values of sidetracking students from the boy­ and goals in lectures to be given by cott (which had been expected to pass), liberal faculty. partly because of liberal faculty pres­ This proposal was purposefully pru­ sure, the joint faculty meeting was dent and mild. The Student Power elec­ declared open to students as observers tions had received heavy adverse pub­ for the first time, licity in the press. The radio talk­ Faculty filled the lower two-thirds of shows were full of solicited talk against the university's largest lecture theatre; the "reds on the hill". students occupied the other third across Provocateurs had been sent to cause the aisle and the entire rear. White­ violence at rallies (with pre-cued cam­ coated teclmicians carried hand-held reactionaries served as constant re­ eras grinding), So the Council was at microphones to speaker whom the chair minders to the body that "the whole pains to ground every step in unim­ recognized, and closed circuit TV broad­ world was watching", and that they peachable legitimacy and moderation. cast the proceedings to the next hall for must set an example of integrity or Past crises had accustomed student the student overnow. In this highly risk loss of respec(in their educational iversity after Louis Riel, a 19th century militants to working together with a orderly, sanitary and teclmological set­ function. Goaded by student moral pOWeT, .Canadian Zapata, failed, provoking an sizeable liberal faculty minority. The ting, the faculty's parliament slowly-­ the faculty wrested a measure of pro­ unsuccessful and unpopular move to word "strike" was avoided; since it with many pangs, hesitations, regrets, fessor power from the Board. They impeach the council. One by one, the , would have been interpreted as an attack and 'disClaimers--deliv'~red itself of a succeeded in electing their own temp­ council's left wing resigned. The term on faculty. "Boycott" or "m'or:atorium" no-confidence motion against the univ­ orary acting president and set up a ended with attendance at council -con­ were preferred, since these milder ersity president. committee to make recommendations to vened rallies waning below a quorum terms, together with the on-campus implement the' approved democratic of the students. A depressed normalcy "free university" concept, could be un­ principles. The only concession students returned. derstood as a diplomatic invitation to' The President Gets Dumped gained was participation on these com­ Student power, staying within its legiti­ faculty to get moving and/or join with Faced with what it had thougl,t im­ mittees, but this proved meaningless, mate political bound::l!ries had yielded students in creating an educational at­ possible,' the Board of Governors sent as student demands were ignored or:. to professor power, thus moving the mosphere from which administrative the bewildered president on indeterm­ trampled on weeks later when student, center of small-unit decision making structure would be absent. inate leave and 'appointed a safe and militancy had dissipated. .'" nearer to student inspection and con­ ambitious dean as temporary acting trol, and pointing the direction for fur­ The Heavy Hand of Legitimacy president. However, faculty began to Back To Normalcy ther advances. In the fall term, Jolm feel a lusfyvigor for democracy, and Conway ran unsuccessfully for council This mixture of prudence, diplomacy refused to· accept the new appointee. . In the interval, SDU, independently on a "power in the classroom" cam­ and utopia which indicate a desire to The next day the faCUlty approved the of council, initiated a mini-occupation paign, but found a base of 800 votes shut down the university without daring principle of "democratic selection of of the plush-carpeted BJg meeting room to work with. The Social Credit Party,' -, to declare so openly, was duly submitted administrative officers. i.e. president, on campus. Knowing that the BoGwould which runs BC politics, lost heavily. to a vote. There was a heavyturnout, and deans, department heads, etc. be met by a confrontation if· they met among the growing city middle class , 58% voted "yes". The presence of the students in the anywhere on campus (they were meeting over its handling of the crisis. Its Legitimacy now revealed its chains. hall was crucial in this unusual display secretly in that period), the president favorite target for red-baiting, Martin While ordinary votes required a simple of rhetorical manhood, Cowed at first ignored the intrusion and allowed free Loney, was elected president of the 'majority, this referendum (so council by the massing of so much professor access, keeping even campus cops at Canadian Union of Students by acclama­ had interpreted its consitution) was ex­ power and cooled by the setting, the a distance. Occupiers turned it into a tion, much to the panic of the local traordinary and required two-thirds. students rapidly found ways to express nurserY by day, crash-pad for home­ press, who saw that the struggle they ~ A bitter council debate ended in close themselves despite the lack of speaking less heads by night, and set it loose thought was over was in reality be­ victory for the legitimists, headed by . rights. after a week. ginning again on a higher level. Loney. The boycott was declared de- Applause for reform minded faculty Near the end of the term, a council­ Ieated. - and loud hissing for the more blatant sponsored initiative to rename the un- • Political Power Doesn't ONLY Come From The Barrel Of A Gun , also an important cause of their existence and growth. merely to fighting. But we must also shoulder im- __ Many in the movement talk of the Therefore, I shall attempt to help point out some of portant tasks as doing propaganda among the people, need for self-criticism, in our org­ the manifestations of various incorrect ideology within organizing the people, arming the people, and helping the party. And I call upon all party members to help them to establish revolutionary political power for' anizations and as individuals within eliminate mistaken ideas and incorrect methods Black people. a movement. It seems clear that thoroughly.._ Without these objectives fighting loses its meaning 1. The purely military viewpoint is highly developed and the Black Panther Party loses the reason for a revolutionary organization must among quite a few members. its existence. a.Some party members regard military affairs and c.At the same time in propaganda work they over­ constantly engage in criticism in politics as opposed to each other and refuse to look the importance of propaganda teams. They also order to advance. recognize that military affairs are only one means neglect the organizing of the masses. Therefore, of accomplishing political tasks. both propagandaand organizationalwc,rk are abandoned. Yet too often self-criticism comes b.They don't understand that the Black Panther d. They become conceited when a battle is won and to mean the temporary putting on of Party is an armed body for carrying out the political dispirited when a battle is lost. tasks of revolution. We should not confine ourselves e.Selfish departmentalism--they think only of the a false humility, or is used tq ad­ Black Panther Party and do not realize that it is an important task of the Black Liberation army to vance personal gains, or becomes arm the local masses. This is cliquism in a mag­ ~ an exercise in despair--wallowing. nified form. f.Unable to see beyond their limited environment The follOWing article is a good within the Black Panther Party. Such statements as example ofself-criticism. It appeared "us San Francisco Panthers," "us New York Panthers," r and etc. They have to realize Panthers are all .one in the Black Panther newspaper. It is and the same. Also, a few Panthers believe that no other revolutionary forces exist. Hence their important to stress that the points extreme addiction to the idea of conserving strength raised here were made in the mass and avoiding action. This is a remnant of opportunism. I~ g.Some Panthers disregarding the SUbjective and circulation organ of the Panthers and objective conditions, suffer from the malady of rev­ were not only discussed within the olutionary impetuosity. They will not take pains to do minute and detailed work among the masses. ranks of the organization itself. They do not want to distribute leaflets, sell- news­ "' papers, etc. These things seem small although they .. are very important. Yet they are riddled with illusions, and want only to do big things. This is a remnant of CORRECTING MISTAKEN IDEAS putschism. The sources of the purely military viewpoint are by Capt. Crutch l.A low political level. . 2. The mentality of mercenaries. There are numerous adverse ideas 3.0verconfidence in military strength and absence of within the Black Panther Party and confidence in the strength of the masses of the people. This arises from the preceding three, in the Black Liberation Army which The methods of correction are as follows. greatly hinder the application of the 1. Raise the political level in the party by means of education. At the same time, eliminate the remnants Party's correct ideology. But unless of opportunism and putschism, and break down self-'­ ish departmentalism. these ideas are thoroughly corrected, 2.Intensify the political training of officers and men. the Black Liberation Army cannot Select workers and people experienced in struggle to join the party; thus, organizatio~lly weakening or even possibly shoulder the tasks assigned eradicating the pur~y military viewpoint. to it in Black Americas' great revolu~· 3.The party must actively attend to and discuss military work. tionary struggle. The source of such 4.Draw up party rules and regulations which clearly incorrect ideas is that the party is composed largely define its tasks, the relationship between its military of ghetto street niggers, together with elements of and its political apparatus, and the relationship be­ petty bourgeois niggers. The leaders of the party, tween t!J.e party and the masses of the people. however, fail to wage a concertedand determined struggle photo: steve Sha mes against these incorrect ideas, toeducate (and re-educate) the members in the party's correct ideology--which is from THE BLACK PANTHER DECEMBER. 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 15 Todd Gitlin Sci~nce something st111 grander when somebody For Joe Blum, Bronx High School of '58 does what you didn't even know you wanted at the time. The Bronx High School of Sciencelooks New York, a gargantuan dog-corpse of wires and dark like a factory and it is the closest its places, chewing itself. Still there, New York, and will students will ever corne to one: about 99% of the graduates go to college. Above be until the great tidal wave -- when, 0 Lord? -- bounds the entrance hall. behind glass, is a gigantic m:Iral having something to do up one inch too many and suddenly all th!3 victims are with GaUleo standing under a rainbow, dashed smashing against the perpetrators, the cleaning and people like that. Out in front, about thirty striking teachers were meeting to lady against David Goliath Rockefeller, everyone goes keep up their stamina on the picket line. down at once as natural history substitutes for class I recognized an old math teacner (a left­ winger, I later learned), who had been war and men, women and children, without regard' to instrumental in building the union: what agony it must be for him now. And there Times that the state law which decen­ race, creed, color. or national origin, realize too late was the old disciplinarian whose name trallzed the city schools had left a loop­ it is too late for New York and subside bloated onto the we used to forge on pass-slips: ifhewas hole. The "special schools" (Science, outstde, something good must be going on Stuyvesant, Music and Art, Performing scummy surface •.• inside. Arts, etc.) were left undHf the jurisdic­ Nothing seems to change except the borders of the, I walked to the main doors, naively tion of the state. Since the state did not expecting a roar of solidarity from tn­ recognize the strike, since in fact the ghetto and the number of cops. side. Instead a sentry-teacher asked my strike was illegal, the schools were legally open, and authority devolved on But this time .ue teachers were ,on whomever would keep them open. Ross­ strike, the third strike this semester, ner said he understood cops better now: out for all but eleven days. Images of once the liberators convinced the cops "disintegration" and "ungovernability" that they, who wanted the school open, suddenly carne into focus: one m111ion were the duly constituted authority, the (1,000,000) public school students locked cops switched sides to enforce the open­ out; parents occupying schools; a liberal ing. Servants of the law after all. teacher passing a pile of dog turds in The school had been open now for three Central Park and placing a sign there: weeks. There were about 300 students .. Lindsay Was Here." (a little less than one-tenth of the stu­ dent body) and 20 teachers (about one­ eighth). At first, students had insisted Teachers on conducting their classes and free-for­ 1 corne from a teacher family. To tnem all raps in the hall, to break down the the strike is a vast and grievous ,1riter­ mystique of the classroom. After two ruption, but a necessity too,/because weeks of it some alliance of traditional­ the uppity black governing board in Ocean minded students and teachers combined Hill-Brownsville had asserted its right to reinstate a definite class schedUle. to hire and fire teachers and nothing is Most students wanted their science more sacred to a New York teacher than ,classes continued along the lines of the security. The New York teachers have standllrd curriculum: they are, after all, built a union to safeguard their guild college bound. Other classes were re­ status and they now insist, brandishing defined: Rossner's own Englishclasswas their normal-school certificates, tha;, reading Claude Brown's "Manchild in they and only they know what and how and the Promised Land." students walking even why to teach.. Not to be unsympathe­ through the halls were consulting the tic toward the teachers: they wasted all dittoed class-list: teachers were en­ that time in school, they have to believe couraging consistency, but the students there was a purpose to it. The teachers were st11l free to choose. are devoted to the myth that professional The striking teachers seemed especi­ status confers purpose; how can you think ally threatened by the notion that tradi­ that your work is waste or worse than tional class trajectories would be dis­ waste? rupted; that fear fused with their bigotry. The blacks have the nerve to know that A popular young social-studies teacher their children aren't being educated, by named Schwartz was a distinctive target. ANY standards, that each grade their As he .valked into the school one day, ac­ children fall farther behind the whites' cording to Rossner, strikers yelled, (a hard fact that the white teachers pre­ "What are you going to teach today, fer not to notice, or prefer, rather, to Schwartz - African history?" "Where'd turn upstde down into an accusation you get your haircut, Schwartz - 125th against the black kids). The teachers di­ Street?" Schwartz' class that morning, vorce their profession from its function: I noticed, was mobbed. they proclaim on their banners the" right Once the pr,incipal had been shamed to teach," disregarding the patent evi­ into skulking off, the liberated school .dence of their failure. Failure thev. ra­ was being governed by a steering com­ tionallze into arrogance, the staple of mittee of etght students and eight teach­ an agent-cllent relationship: if the client ers, aU elected. They met daily, and their bridles, he is an ape and an ingrate. In proposals were referred to the next this case, he must also be an anti- morning's general assembly of al~ stu­ • Semite: two-thirds of the United Federa­ dents and teachers. As we walked around tion of Teachers' 55,000 members are in front ofthe building, smoking, Rossner Jewish. If black anti-Semitism dtd not noticed two students making faces at him exist, it would have to be invented, so from inside; sheepishly he dropped his that the strike could be clothed as a holy cigarette and ground it out. He told me crusade. But I don't pl'etend to follow all purpose. I said I was an alumnus, invited that one day a teacher had corne upon a the intricacies of the strike: there is a roster of valedictorians and he pointed up by Dave Graham, and I was getting couple of s~u.j:mts smoking grass in a good summary in an article by Sol Stern out your name." nowhere when another teacherwalked up, stairwell. The teacher hadn't threatened in the November 17 Ramparts. Liberation WHAT? told me the liberators had to watch out the kids, only reminded them that the Before I'd heard my family sounding "Liberation classes. Supporting Ocean lest anyone from the UFT gain entry in purpose of the liberated school was to off, I'd "supported" - in the usual ab­ Hill-Brownsville. Look, why don't you order to gum up the works. He had a neat ,show support for Ocean Hill-Browns­ stract way - the Ocean H111-Brownsville come up there and talk to us? We're beard and seemed to be enjoying himself ville and that the union would be looking governing board, although the strikewas there every day." immensely but without the possessive­ for a pretext to close the school. The for me only another newspaper episode. It was the last place I had everwanted ness teachers usually exhibit to out­ steering committee had then decreed Now the passions of the nouveau labor to see again. Immediately I said I would siders, and he beckoned me in. that there would be no smoking, OF mUltants mcked my curiosity: what new­ go; I conjured up images of Destiny for His name was Bob Rossner, teacher of ANYTHING, BY ANYONE, student or found commitment had driven my quite the first time in a long time. Engllsh, maybe in his early 30s - one teacher, on school grounds. Fair enough, private mother to tell my grandmother of the generation swept by the civil rights everyone figured. not to buy grapes? Then I got busy - the Bronx Sharecropper m{)vement and the stirrings of the New Rossner is keeping a diary he expects only way to survive in New York - arid Left. I asked him how the liberated school to be pUblished by Dial Press. When we I forgot about the whole business. TWo days later I took the subway up to had come aboUt. When the UFT declared walked back inside five students W9re 200th street, all the way rehearsing my its third strike, the local governing board squatting on the fioor - as if they owned astonishment so as to be able to learn dutifully voted 8- 0 to close the school. it! - talking about the affairs of the from it. I knew as much about high school (Science students come from all overthe newly-formed High School student Union. One day in late October I had occasion kids (one hears they smoke dope and fuck city, but the local board thought it had One girl called him Papa Bear. Rossner to call the office of Liberation News a lot) as my parents knew a'oou\; mE, but thfl authority.) Teachers and students said delightedly that he had picked up a Service, and when I relayed my message I knew I would feel the liberated, not the who supported Ocean H11l-Brownsville phone message in thl~ Office one day ­ the person on the phone asked my name. liberator, and this was how it should be. gathered in front of Science and de­ for Dave Graham. His book should be When I gave it he let out a slight Oh! I had never much liked being a mathwhiz, manded that the janitors, who backed worth reading. "Oh! Hey, you were once a valedictorian one of those funny myopic kids carrying the UFT, let them in. The janitors re­ slide rules on our belts (really!), sneer­ at Science." (That's what you call the fused, and lock,ed the doors, whereupon Self-Government Bronx High School of Science, the school ing a lot at the dumb clucks who fell into a student who knew the doors would still that helped stokely Carmichael into radi­ other schools, reading RiesmanandH.L, open from the inside cllmbed in through Hierarchy there still is, an:! I wasn't calism sort of the way prison pushed Mencken and matching College Board a window, made his way behind the line of around long enough to trace it. I was Eldridge Cleaver along,) scores and pining all the while in some janitors, Said, "Excuse me,' and simply ushered into the Math Departmentoffice, In a mock-humble gruff tone, I said, very dark and sealed-off corner of our­ opened a door. Liberators poured in and where almost ten years ago I had spent "Yeah, that was a long time ago, and so selves for a more whole way of being. sat down in the hall. Police llned the many provinciallyhappy hours. The sort­ what, and who are you?" Even before I got off the IRT I was walls and booted them out. of principal is Henrietta Mazen, a math His name was Dave Graham and he was starting to feel like an old black Missis­ teacher I remem'Jered distinctly. Mrs. with the High School student Union at sippi sharecropper watching the first Mazen -I couldn't call her anything else Science. "Well, we're having llberation SNCC workers arrive in 1961. When Scabs? - is the kind of woman you want your classes in the school, al.d Chuck Paster­ somebody does what all along you wanted The llberai'ors remained locked out, mother to be. She is one of the NICEST nak from Newsreel was up shootinl! a to do but dared or could not, that is re­ according ~o Rossner, until a couple of people around. Flying around in the rush !~ 1m the other day and he noticed the lief and gratitude and vindication; it is studen~s read one night in The New York and dr~ma of schedUling, consulting (a

PAGE 16 THE MOVEMENT DECEMBER, 1968 precise description of her relation with percent of the schoOl's 6'10 black popu­ students), keeping the sometimes per­ lation were attending.) The corridors plexed teachers happy, she didn't have were clean; only the first floor was much time, but she was glad to take out in use; with the janitors on strike, the what she had. liberated collective were cleaning up by The liberated school was no revolution themselves. Nobody bitched. to her, she's been around too long for Most of the liberated students don't that: she supported Ocean H111-Browns­ seem to be radical; I saw two Humphrey­ ville but also wanted the school to go on Muskie buttons for the one Stokely. But for its own sake. She demarcated herself the radicals seem to dominate the stu­ from the radicals with a plain noncom­ dent wing of the steering committee and mittal definiteness which signaled re­ their spirit also prevails: they are per­ spect, as if to say, "We, inourcommun­ haps the vanguard in a true sense, the ity, differ among ourselves, but no mis­ tone-setters. They don't always push .~t take, we are one community." She said through their positions. The steering she liked seeing the radicals obey the committee had agreed to distribute draft rul.es rlO'V that the rules were of their information but not to allow draft coun­ own making, but she said it without con­ sellng in the school: "The reason that descending: house mother in a good the proposal to have draft counsellng was !1O.1se. Scrambling to keep things going, defeated," said the posted summary of I her trouble would come if voluntary the day's decisions, "is the possible ~ order became sticky enough, if serious reaction when the strike ends. There conflicts arose between teachers and would be a pe rIect reason (I didn' t find students. A striking physics teacher, . out whether they meant "reason" or the one we used to call Bugsy, had de­ "excuse") for the administration to re­ cided to join the liberation. and one day instate m1I1tary assemblles." The llb­ ~ thereafter in study hall he had blown his eration is thus tinged with a sense of stack and told the kids to f111 out regular interlude, fantasy: everyone knows that program cards. "The kids called him sooner or later authority w1ll revert to ~ down," said Mrs. Mazen, "but he almost the established order; the teachers w111 jeopardized everything we'd been trying try to forget their differences; there w111 to do. The next day he came back and be multiple-choice exams, grades; ir­ apologized, told the kids, 'I'm sorry. relevance, college appllcations. The Please understand we teachers are under most concrete future the llberators have a lot of strain.' So we held together." imagined is to retain the P:lrt ofthe first Why are the students coming? Cer­ floor they are now occupying for some c;: tainly almost all want to declare them­ sort of liberated sub-school in the gut selves on the side of Ocean HUl- Browns­ of the unIiberated school. ville. Probably many also fear faIl1ng ~ behind. The striking teachers were hold­ Monitor! ing their own hideously-misnamed "free­ But on whatever terms the strike ends, dom schools" in a local Jewish commun­ the 300 students and 20 teachers w111 c:::, ity center - announcing too that THEIR have shared an experience that w111 stand students would be tested on their work. out au the stronger by contrast with the The liberation classes would not be keep-on-time-take-your- tests routine of tested: a considerable inducement right the strikers. The Administration or re­ photo: Nacio Jan Brown there. And then there was that tonic feel­ turning teachers may insist on grading Ing ofself-government, a feeling that gets the liberated students; certainly they will by Todd Gitlin . into your blood. Students were coming try to restore the old rules; in any case and going as they pleased, but the steer­ the memories wUl not easily fade. Nor­ ing committee had recommended (and the malcy w111 lose the rock-solld legitimacy When Berkeley blOWS, the whole Left creams. When assembly had agreed) that everyone . in which it is ordinarily sealed. The San Francisco State strikes, everyone is puzzled: it's should be encouraged to come at nine sha.ke-up does not lead inexorably to and stay through lunch. I heard a white revolutionary change in curriculum or too hard to figure out, and who really cares? But the student wearing a Stokely button tell a rUles, and there is a great burden beside hall monitor (a'rotating job, one teacher State affair bears a close look: it may be establishing and two students at a time), "Tell them, the great glory in being a high school a new model for campus insurgency,' disruptive tactics' 'Is it that urgent that you can't wait for radical organizer these days. lunch'?''' A kid left nevertheless: school But some year, sooner rather than underneath a mass strike. No "confrontations,." no mass is st111 school for some. later, a substantial chunk of the senior class at the Bronx High School of Science arrests, no imitations of Columbia, but tactics tailored may walk into the dimly-lit star chamber to take their College Boards, and sud­ to stage of higher finesse. Aretha In Study Hall denly everyone w111 break the point on What anyone can know from the news­ enough to compensate for the exhaustloa papers last week is that the strike at of the original strikers. The corridor said a great deal about his pencil, and everyone w111 call,"Moni­ tor, monitor," and the monitors will San Francisco State was precipitated by Strikers have damaged some school the ne'''' Sr:ience. There is a line painted the firing of English teacher George down the middle, to keep traffic moving scurry and find more penc1ls and then property and many whites have reacted in a flurry of cracks all the points of th,~ Murray, who is also Black Panther Min­ on either side; no one was observing it to the throwing of a typewriter out the new penc1ls will be broken, and someone ister of Education. What the newspapers window as they would ifsomebody pissed now. One bulletin board proclaim'3d haven't said is that there are nine other "IMAGINATION TAKES POWER," with will jump up on a table and say No, we in their l1ving room. Perhaps most or' aren't going to be graded like sides of demands, including: restoration of stu­ the students are so intimidated by the a drawing of the upraised fist (glad uni­ dent control over student funds (the versal symbol!) and photos of the Col­ beef anymore, we are going to learn how­ blacks, they fail to distinguish between ever and whenever we see fit and we are Trustees are about to take them over in umbia insurrection. Anotil·sr one: "SCI­ violence against their person and viol­ going to stand with our brothers and a statewide crackdown), elevation of ence against State property. All they can ENCE OPEN TO SUPPORT OCEAN Black Studies to full departmental status HILL." Under"Science," someone had sisters in Ocean Hill-Brownsv1lle.... see is that crime stalks their corridors (the Administration has been dragging - THEIR corridors. They really bel1evE' scrawled "is objective": the students its feet), and admission of all blar.:k 'l'ld are in many ways thn 3ame eager they own their school, their school is Third World students (Mexican-, Latin-, for them. grinders and pushers and arrogant wags Chinese-, Japanese-, and Filipino­ I never got to speak formally; they Some classrooms have been smoke­ they were In My Day; all the more re­ Americans). This last demand is prob­ sam.~ wanted me to stay for an assembly, but bombed, but the main intrustion into the markable that at the time they are, ably· the most controversial; it has the many of them, restless and inventive and I couldn't take the time, and I felt more classrooms has been peaceful. strikers same ring as the Panthers' demand that have been doing what they call"class­ taken with the radical possibilities of like listening anyway. When Ileft Science all black prisoners be freed on grounds in 1959, I celebrated my reller. In 1968 room education" -arguing for the strike their generation. One room was re­ that none of them could have received a sounding with Aretha Franklin records: I left feeling a little more free than r d before astonished classes-with uneven felt in a long time. + trial by jury of their peers. success. There have been too many this was study hall, and most of the "But there WOUldn't be enough room students inside were black. (Seventy harangues and not enough work to get for every student who appl1ed." Precise­ underneath the basically racist rational­ ly, if blacks and third world students izations the students have thrown up like did apply in proportion to their numbers. barricades. The Agitprop theater has (They number over half the Bay Area helped, though, and some SDS people high school population, less than 10% of have made a three-minute Godard-style Columbus Con t. fr. p. 9 the student body at State.) Yet how else solidarity fUm for classroom use. This people from police harissrnE!nlBuckley to compensate for the inequity? week w1ll be more interesting. In the neighborhood there is deep hos­ The strike was called last Wednesday tility and anger over the Gladden execu­ reported an incident where two cops Meanwhile the Administration hangs swore at a group of young guys on the by the Black student Union, with support tough. President Robert Smith has not tive com mittee' s decision to fire the from SDS, the Third World Liberation staff. None of the neighborhood board ·street. Because of Buckley's report one yet flown off to Ethiopia, nor, apparently, cop was reprimanded and sent to a Front, the Associated Students, and "the is he interested in negotiations. He has members were consulted. One of them, Programs" -a colledion of State-fin­ mrs. Juanita Freeman termed the fir­ rookie course on com munity relations. once called in the Tactical Squad to shut Since then the cops and juvenile auth­ anced activities including the Experi­ down the campus and he may have to do ings "terrible". She added that when the mental College, the newspaper Open settlement house focused on community orities have bragged that they w111 shut so again. The State College Trustees, for Process, and various tutorial and com­ their part, would probably fire Smith as issues, "people get leery. But you can't down Gladden House because it's the ~unlty "breeding ground of delinquency in the ventures. Organizationally the summar1ly as they did Murray if Smith COVf>r these up. Maybe Gladden was just strike Is a muddle: the BSU makes its getting too close to the real issues." 'Bottoms'". made a move to reinstate Murray-a Since the firings, the Gladden staff plans, ::;DS and the Programs follow be­ mo.. e he is unlikely to make anyway. Students from Starling Jr. High School hind, the first two not sure how to pace have been meeting at Gladden. The and the young people in the community Plainclothes cops are everywhere, have formed a group to fight the bo.ard's their mll1tancy and the latter offended fingering suspects (at least three black Principal of Starling, Calvin Park, is the by the violence that has punctuated the President of the Board of Gladden. The decisions. Legal action is in preparation students have been busted on bomb and and a rally press conference outside strike. mask charges), but one tribute to. the students have been raising questions For all the confusion, and despite the about the quality of their education and the settlement house has been called. The spirit of the strikers is that they drove group w111 shortly launch a fund- raising shrill wishful thinking of the establ1sh­ two of the plainclothesmen off the cam­ about their treatment at school. They ment press, the strike has been remark­ complain tl1at students are insulted, pad­ drive of its own to open a store front pus during a noontime rally Friday. in the neighborhood. ably effective. Last Friday the Daily Chancellor Glenn Dumke, ina septem­ dled and have been suspended for things Gater. reported that a survey of depart­ like wearing shirt ta1ls out or going down NOC w111 be drawing some of its org­ ber 13 interview with U.S. News & World the wrong stairway. Tilt'Y have discussed anizers into Columbus to help set up ment chairmen,showed class attendance Report, said the entire state college action on their charges that teachers and the store front and work with the local down between 40 and 50 per cent; some system is "combat-ready." He will try administrators try to divide black and organizers to build on the support that days more than that. Some teachers will to keep State open by any means neces­ white students and generally try to solve the Gladden staff already have among strike Wednesday morning. Momentum sary-even over dead bodies, presum- their problems by weeding out "trouble­ young people in the community. People seems to be bu1lding but it is hardto tell ably.· ... makers" . with bread to help NOC do this should whether new support is growing fast Outside the settlement house, Gladden send it to NOC, 4401 N. Broadway, staff have been active in protectingyoung Chicago, Illinois 60640. ... DECEMBER. 1968 PAGE 17 R-EVO LUTION ARY JUG BAND CONT. FROM. PA'GE13, The leaflet began:·1fnot George Wallace, our people back home, some of whom did begin to pull organizers together as November 5. Thus NOC must fUrther Who?" We learned a lesson in leaf­ had quit factory jobs and street hustles people traveled from city to .city. We deal with this problem, which means leting. A number of NCO and SCEF to w.ork on the campaign. We were shared ideas, disappointments arid suc­ organizers, educational materials and people moved around the crowd getting extremely angered by the slogan, "A cesses. We talked realistically about funds. into smaller discussions about high Vote for Peggy Terry is a Vote for organizing and people broke tlj!rough schools, what we stood for, and why Eldridge Cleaver", which we felt to be their Wblic relations images of what "Going Back Home" this Alabama lady with a 4th grade the epitome of unconscious. ')'Jt deep­ has been done so far. education was running for Vice Presi­ rooted liberal guilt and we felt we were Besides strengthening organizers, On the campuses students were re­ dent. A lot of the discussion that went being used to legitimate some bull-shit people got a lot of experience and the ceptive, some thinking about working on was good, but toward the end as the bourgeoisie political game. work around the campaign did reach out whites for the first time. The more crowd got small, a group of blacks and It was a stone drag. PFP had set up to new working class kids, though not sophisticated listened to our demand whites, egged on by teachers (who weren't our itinerary. That was a mistake. We enough. Why? First, the fact that the for a movement for power. We suggested in the small struggling American Fed­ didn't get to talk to very many people promised money never came through that some of them start to organize in eration of Teachers), just hassled with who had any idea of what we were doing, ('N"~' re $400 in the hole) forced us to white working class areas, whether it us. We attempted to work around the much less open to getting into it. We spend more time on campuses then we be the army, factory, neighborhood; as edges of the crowd, verbally pulling just rapped that working people, too should have. second, we depended on a teacher, parole officer, lawyer, etc. people away from Peggy and a Louis­ often mistakenly written off as "Wall~ local people to set things up and since We found many people who had working v111e NOC organizer, but things weren't aceite, racist, redneck fascists" were most of the movement is located' on class roots, who would come talk about, getting any better so we split. not the enemy. There were some ex­ campus we were pulled there. Part •I never thought of it" $hen we would That evening we had a rally in a ceptions to an otherwise very bad trip. of that pull is the radical frame of make it clear that for some students vacant lot in a pretty poor neighbor­ Talks were set up with SDS and other reference that exists on the campus, what we were talking about was It going hood. The crowd was small--mostlykids movement groups (we should have de­ making it easier to go there thanturning back home". and young teenagers--inpart because·the manded more from our SDS brothers left off the interstate and going to the We produced a newspaper that can be .pigs had blanketed the area with patrol and sisters). There were some people people we set out to reach. used among a lot of different young cars. This turned out to be a pretty who dug what we were saying, liked the working class kids. The special issue effective counter-insurgency tactic in idea of the newspaper and the program Reaching Isolated People of the FIRING LINE included articles neighborhoods where we didn't know and thought they could use them. En- on sell-out sen19rity -catering unions, many people. We played the guitar and .joyable moments were those spent with In addition to reaching new people, the cops, the army and the draft, girls, sang attracting a crowd which Peggy and L.A. Regional SDS, San Franciscostate's the campaign did bring a sense of mUSic, high-schools and motorcycles. other organizers spoke to. Many small Poor White Organizing Committee, and working class movement, and movement It was conceived of as an experiment discussions began. Later a number of Palo Alto' s PFP~DS. in general, to isolated people. We pushed in the development of a youth oriented . guys from the neighborhood and one Meanwhile, back in Chicago very little these people to identify with the move­ working class paper. People like our union factory worker went over to one had been set up. This, coupled with the ment and to begin to act. Working class TEMPORARY 13 point program. Although of the LOUisville NOC people's house differences in spirit between the trav­ kids who had in one sense or another most of uS have criticisms of the pro­ where discussions continued. elers and some of the Chicago staff re­ related to the movement now know that gram, people respond well to something sulted in a lot of internal hassles. The they are more than isolated individuals. that states what you are for, not just Red-Baiting myth of the superior mother, home base, They are part of a small but struggling what you're against. . uptown, was smashed. However, we didn't develop a lot of A rally was scheduled for the next literature that can be used among young day, but the media really did us in. working people. What we saw clearly, They reported that we had been kicked again, was the desperate need for that out of the high school by the stUdents. material. We made a step foward. An In addition to the hostile tone set by the extremely important task at our region­ reporters, Kroger placed an ad in all wide get-together will be the work on a the daily papers saying nobody c,ould communications arm. have a poltical rally on" their property" . Although the lot we planned to use was adjacent to Krogers' they didn't own it. Political Collective The neighborhood was tense; the pigs The campaign helped us define and and Kroger had organized. Crowds of on­ develop a working political collective. lookers were standing a.roiJnd, waiting on This means that when people come "the riot". We got out the guitar and together to do specific political work started singing. We drew a bigger crowd they must gain a collective sense of than at the rally the previous night and responsib111ty based on politics, not got the crowd to start singing with us. personalities. The group exists for a When Peggy was introduced therewere a political reason, the political task it number of cheers. Her talk was well faces, and all actions must relate to received, but when an attractive tough that task. Old personalfriendsl)ips break and aggressive woman in her late-twen­ down, becoming less important than ties (who had been seen talking with the struggle; new friendships develop police and was rumored to be a Kroger through political work, which means employee) started yel11ng Communist, trust. _ we lost the crowd. The· scene was tense; This doesn't mean we reject a free with lots of shouting, arguing and some wheeling, hang loose style. It means shoving. We split. we're together for a reason; we know The Kroger scene was the roughest, why we're together and what it is we're though perhaps the most important hap doing. We also learned that collectives pEming in the entire campaign, resulting aren't utopian, that the group doesn't in a greatly increased seriousness on exist for the sake of the group. There the part of the road collective. We dis­ wlll be splits and that is healthy. How­ cussed arguing tactics, helping others in ever, we didn't learn how to deal with trouble, how to work off the edges of a individual styles that contradicted col­ crowd and we decided to be far better lective consciousness based on work and prepared in the future. Also, the neigh­ action, but we know now that we must borhood family who had been active in deal with that problem. JOIN began to feel their responsibility The campaign gave us practice. We to act as organizers in that neighborhood, tried some new things that worked and as did some of the young people who we some that did not. Guerrilla leaflet had met the night before. attacks are good when the groundwork The travelling revolutionary jugband of has been layed. Calling an afternoon eight moved on to Columbus. Qur people We moved on to Detroit. OUr people and growing movement of people like meeting by leafleting a plant gate is : there had a small base and we gave the ,there had planned a number of things, themselves. not eSDeci~ly on a Fri9ay and in a UAW teenagers they had been working with a but the groundwork was sloppy and this It's clear that we need an'organization, ;pall. We failed to try all the guerllla sense of working class movement and caused considerable disorganization. In but the form needs considerable work. actions we had planned. It just didn't pushed them toward action around their addition the group was too large, group Some feel that it should be fairly tight happen, although we see it as a poten­ high school. At a fund- raising meeting tensions high and we were all suffering knit, well organized, exercise some tially good organizing tool that needs some Ohio state University studentswere from fatique. While none of the planned degree of discipline, begin to develop to be tried and developed in working tu rn"" ~ :" I ~:> our work and volunteered events, other than a sizeable fund- raising an ideological perspective, develop ser­ class settings. to work with the local NOC people. dinner really came off, some important ious educational sessions and not cater Electoral politics wasn't our bag. things did happen. to ego trips or irresponsible actions. We needed to pull ourselves together West To California Organizers got to know some parts others want a coordinating office set and get to work. The Peggy Terry of neighborhoods they did not know, up to aid a loose group of organizers campaign is over. There was virtually Most of the group returned to Chicago, they checked out bars, met some new in the midwest. A third alternative no national coverage, very little local while Peggy and another NOC organizer people, learne.d a lot of stuff about is an organization that will combine coverage and not a whole lot of move­ went to San Francisco. The trip to Cal­ each other, talked about our perspective these views. Thanksgiving will tell us ment coverage, but the campaign put Uronia had been fought by some because with a very good middle-class high all more. a lot of people to work over an in­ we didn't have organizers there. others school organizing group, and brought a Our attempt to neutralize Wallace tense six week period. We feel that a argued that California was fertile in sense of movement to some people in never happened in any significant way. good number of us who participated terms of recruiting potential and ripe Detroit. Several fine movement people The press never picked us up; they in the formation of NOC in Fairborn for the kind of slow, living among the were pUlled into the NOC group. seemed very clear about not wanting to have started to get it on. The election's people kind of organizing that most of A major unresolved question emerged deal with us, now wanting to publicize over. One of our people, 17 year old us in the midwest have been into. Fur­ in Detroit: How does a political collective a group ofwhites rapping a lot ofthe same Gary Maynard is still in jail. Jim thermore, we thought, the trip would deal with personal problems and styles stuff as blacks; a white group defining Buekeley, with a wife, four kids and produce some desperately needed 'funds that don't allow people to act responsibly capitalism as the enemy. What they one on the way is out of a job. Dana to keep the real working going back toward other members of the group. seemed to pick up in the few places Tabscott is out of a job. home. Our newsPaper was being held where they responded at all was Peggy's The election's over, but we're still up because of no money. Where Are We At Now? challenge to Wallace for a national moving. Got to. .. California turned out to be talking debate; the fact that Wallace signed mostly with Peace and Freedom groups, Evaluations are going on in each city her divorce papers while Dale County, a few campuses, press interviews, radio where there are NOC people. A second Alabama, judge; and that she often wore FTA tapings and call-in T V. shows. National major meeting of people from each city, boots, pants and a bandana. GIs AT FORT KNOX ARE-GETTING Peace and Freedom--pretty much an to discuss future plans and look at our While we did readl .;;: .n,' individuals THEMSELVES TOGETHER idea, certainly not a reality--never came common experiences, will be held over on the Wallace issue, we didn't reach Thanksgi ing. Several Chicago NOC people in any large scale way. It is our Read and Support their paper--FTA-­ tnrough with the $500 promised to start with a subscription-contribution. This GI the campaign. California Peace and people are now helping out in Columbus feelinr that you don't write off Wallace where one of our people is in jail for supporters. People aren't consistent: produced paper is into its 5th month but Freedom was too busy producing bumper is running out of money. Give a hand stickers and posters that said, "a vote distributing obscene literature (The FIR­ someona ,~an say they're for Wallace, ING LINE), and two local NOC people and five minutes later say something and receive FTA regularly. Find out for Peggy Terry is a vote for Eldridge what the Army is like and what guys Cleaver" (Cleaver was under age, and have been fired from their jobs for their they believe very deep in their guts political work at a local community that completely contradicts everything are trying to do about it. a write-in for him marred PFP' s chances $3.00 for civilians Free to GIs of staying on the raUl '. in the future) to center. Wallace stands for. We see it as a While a major evaluation must wait major task to confront people who sup­ SEND TO: FTA, 532 North 20th st., give much concern to our desperate Louisville, Ky. Make checks to cash, money needs. Speaking to PFP groups until the group meets as a whole, some ported Wallace. One thing is clear: the we don't believe in banks. in fancy homes produced no money for things can be ciscussed. The campaign problem of Wallace didn't disappear with PAGE 18 THE MOVEMENT DECEMBER, 1968 '«,.,~ OAKLAND ~...-Q -~ ,I,. '11ft BROWN BERETS ~CjW4,r.. - by Arlene Eisen Bergman The next step is to teach the young Chicanos. that the Beret, a sign of , Chicano Politics dignity, is really in their minds. To "We here in our invaded land have been without voice become a member of the organization In the political pecking order of radi­ at least three members must already .cal consciousness, Chicano's are usually for so long, have been deceived for so long that we are know the candidate. This is a minimal ranked fairly low because of their appa­ security measure.'; rent attraction fo the Democratic Pliny forced to function in a dimension ofaction--a dimension and especially the Kenhed)lsi:_ ~ 1'" , Manuel explains tIle reasons for Ken';' of revolutionary action! We have not forgotten--The scar nedy's appeal among Chicanos. The Cath';" deep in our soul has risen."--Manuel Gomez, Organizer oilc Church is still a strong influence among his people,' It's a conservative for Brown Berets. influence because its'part of the systen; When Manuel talks about the Chicano soul he is talking especially when it spawns a saint. The Kennedy image also played on the Mexi­ about hundreds of years of Aztec ,history and -legend. He can values 'of honor aIld' machismo. is talking about· the revolutionary history of the Mexican "It's all part of the trick bag I was talking' abOut." Kennedy was a phoney people. He is talking about Latin values of pride and prophet. Among many Chicanos he had the charisma of a £roPhet. The theme ,honor. He is talking about the anger of his people-­ of death is very much part of the Mexi­ anger at the gringo invasion of their territory--anger can culture.' Most of BobbY's charisma came from the martyrdom ofhis brother, at years of oppression and humiliation. He' is talking whose Spanish-speaking wife was an about the awakening of a Chicano movement, and the growing added attraction. But Bobby had to hire mariachis to awareness of the need for Ol-ganization and unity of La perform at his rallies. "He was phoney because he didn't spring from the com­ Raza.--- -._-- munity and was incapable of really Manuel insists that Chicanos are the formed Beret chapters allover the meeting our needs. The Chicano move­ least assimilated of all oppressed groups state. The chapters have been formed ment is very, very young and needs in America. "The system has failed to almost spontaneously in response to time to get turned off by the electoral defeat us or destroy our identity". But local needs, urgently, almostfrantically. process. the gringo system has confused the The Berets in Oakland formed after a The Berets reject the two-party sys­ Chicano. number of Chicanos were murdered by tem, but they haven't emphasized this "We've been put in a trick bag. The cops. The example of the Black PaIltiler rejection yet. They feel they must move system classifies us as caucasian and ' Party, combined with the fame of the slowly. "If we had attackedthis strongly, then makes us third-class citizens. "This L.A. Brown Berets, made ,them realize . we would have alienated our base. We trick bag has worked to divide Chicanos, that they had to organize for their own are just learning now that we have to give them some hope for advancement self-defense. Manuel had been the leader move against our internal enemies, the on an individual basis. This is why there of the Brown Caucus of the Peace and Tio Tacos and the Catholic Church. are so many Tio Tacos Uncle Toms) Freedom Party. He says that he learned But we've got to establish respect in among the Chicano communify. -' a lot about politics from them but that the community first." "The Anglos have taken all our values he left the PFP because his people, the The Chicano movement is still very that are beautiful--honor, pride, respect Chicano community, could not relate to fragmented. 'Many Mexican American for authority and other men--and dis­ it. "All those meetings were divorced political organizations are opportunist. torted them. The Anglos use our own from the streets. We had tobuild our own Manuel says that the Berets plan to culture against us to subordinate us." organization rooted in the community,," work within other organizations to try The school system is one of the most .A definitive program for the Berets to straighten ;:hem out politically and important tools of the Anglo in this in Oakland is yet to emerge. "We need to',unify the 'Chicano communityAa a process. They say that the Spanish more experimentation. We areunified by bond of blood. They plan to create a language is a llab1l1ty. They lie about the knowledge that you can't make it in Chicano Party that would unify thewhole American illegal occupation of Mexican the system, that all Chicanos must be Southwest. territory and try to make Chicanos into armed, that we need unity, education and The Chicano Party would be indepen,;, Anglos. protection." dent. Manuel envisions for it legal and illegal activity. When I asked him about Role of the Brown Berets Organizing Strategy the tendencies towards culturalnational­ ism when unity is achieved through "a But the minds of the young people The Brown Berets are a self-defense bond of blood", Manuel replied, "Cul­ are waking up as the Brown Berets organization, but they have learnedfrom Sensitivity Sessions tural Nationalism is a drag. The leader­ teach them their history and about how the experience of others that single­ ship must be aware of its dangers and the Anglo has played havoc with their issue organizations are usually weak Then the candidate attends the Berets' move the cultural nationalists to a rev­ identity. The Berets say that Chicano organizations. "We don't emphasize the sensitivity sessions. At these meetings olutionary awareness." ... youth haven't dropped out of school-­ gun thing, although all of us have guns the new Beretlearns that the organization theY've been pushed out. They arehungry and discipline. We emphasize getting is not just another social club. Those for education that relates to their needs people behind us first, preparation." who are not interested injoining a serious and the Brown Berets fulfill that need. "We have served members of the political organization drop away after The ultimate goal of the Berets is Chicano community in many ways: mov­ attending these sessions. to bring dignity and justice to Chicanos, ing their households, defending kids "The sensitivity sessions are a kind and Manuel has a very long range view against arbitrary school principals, we of vomiting of the soul. The fatal error of their struggle. "It will be protracted have repelled a gang' of hoodlums from of the Pachuco was his armor, his re­ and we need serious preparation". At attacking members of the Mexican com­ fusal to talk, even to his brothers. this point the educational system is very munity. We have aided those who wanted Through these sessions we learnthat our important, for when the young Chicanos to' find out their rights under the law." problems are not individual. They are see .how they have been messed over The Berets also provide translation collective and will require collective by the educational system and under­ services for their community. They have solutions. The Beret is not afraid to stand the need to fight it and the manner recently opened a recreation center. A bear his scar to a fellow Chicano. The in which to fight it they become active church offered the buildingand they made Beret today is a politicized and org­ rather than looking for ways to escape. their own pool tables. anized Chicano with the anger of the But the Berets are not just another Pachuco." History community service organization. They During these sessions, the Berets provide these services because they are develop trust and solidarity. They gain The Brown Berets in Oakland are very what their people need and also prove the confidence that a group needs if list button new, barely two months old. A group of to the people that the Berets are a it is to be able to protect its people. Berets in Los Angeles became public serious organization, not just another Manuel thinks that the Berets will some 1O~ each last spring during the school boycotts. gang. Through these activities and the ,day be the guerrilla arm of a rev­ minimum order-50 buttons They arose to fulfill the specific need romanticism ofthe Brown Beret uniform, olutionary Chicano movement. Sensitiv­ of protecting school kids from the pigs. young people are attracted to the org­ ity sessions are a kind of psychological THE MALAMUTE TOWING Since then', groups of Chicanos have anization. preparation for these future guerrillas. CO. (A subsidiary of the revolutionary s top ga p committee - an anti-pro-. fit organization)' F 743 Ashbury street, saP. *SUBSCRIBfTo-fHE MOVEMENtr" Francisco, CA 94117

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ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP Please send me: Next 12 issues ofTHE MOVEMENT ($2) !\Jtalcolm' X posters $1.00 EACH.ONLY .7.5¢ J' _" . .--.tosubscubcrs MAKE CHECKS PAYABLE TO \( $ . . ---- .... FAY BLAKE MAIL TO THE MOVEMENT 55 COLTON STREET SEND ONE TO A fRIENDl SAN FRANCISCO, CA. 94103

DECEMBER, 1968 THE MOVEMENT 'PAGE 19 BLECTION NIGIT USA ••• (K)VBMBNT) •• • [Pro lL@ roll1J@. I [L_@~ ro~@j~OJE~ Tuesday night kids from Mountain View, Redwood City, The Election program was an important experience San Mateo and adjacent towns converged on Lytton Plaza for the Los Angeles SDS region. Over the last year in downtown Palo Alto. For two months, Lytton Plaza and a half a region of 27 chapters, including a non­ has been the scene of hassles with the pigs. It's privately student chapter, and a regionaloffice with 11 staff members owned, and Palo Alto officials decided to crack down on has been built. We ended the summer in a rather dis­ Friday, night rock concerts. In the 'past month, the city spirited andorgamzatlOnaUysloppy fashion, but when our fathers escalated from rhetoric to action, bringing in people returned from the Boulder NC new eneJ;gy came cops in an attempt to bust the bands. Election day action with them. The major impact of the program We had scheduled a regional con­ on the San Francisco Peninsula naturally centered here, on the region was that it brought content ference for the weekend right after tying the elections organically in with ongoing struggle. to the organizational forms that had Boulder and we used this conference already been established. Throughprac­ to plan out the election program, so The Resistance marched from the ' wo~ked on the demonstration and helped that from the very beginning the entire Stanfo~d tice and through workiIig out and accom­ campus to a church about five 'publicize it on their campuses: Groups plishing the pregram, we beganto develop region was involved. blocks, from Lytton Plaza in a candie- at Kenyatta College and Menlo College, a real consciousness that we were a Between 150-300 people attended ses­ light procession, marking another' in two other JC's, organized rallies and region-wide organization, part of a sions of the conference. Like most their series of draft-card ttlrn-in-burn- brought people down on Tuesday. One' national organization, and that we could conferences we began with an agenda ,ins. Several Stanford SDSers 'joined the of the organizational goals of the dem- all move as a unit. A good index of debate; there were two proposed agen­ march and announced the gathering in onstration was to help build SDS chapters this was our efficiency in getting out das. The one proposed by the PL people Lytton Plaza. Four hundred or so at some of the smaller schools. large numbers of leaflets, a wall paper, had us talking abstractly about the SLAP marchers went over to the plaza, where The high school kids in Palo Alto's having rallies throughout the region. program, labor organizing, relations the crowd was now so large that it United Student Movement did a good In fact we realized that we were probably with trade unions, etc. The other agenda, overnowed into University Avenue. ,As job at their schools as well as getting underestimating the capabilities of our which was followed, made the conference rock bands continued to play, people in word out to other schools in the area. organizational structure -- we were a working conference, emphasizing the' the streets kept time by banging gar- In addition USM did leanetting at drive- capable of doing much more. election program, but including high bage can covers. ins and restaurants which helped turn At the same time it is clear that school organizing, junior college organi­ a lot of people out. without the forms -- the regional con­ Zing, general campus work, non-student Here Come The Pigs Many of the kids who showed up on ference, regional council ( a bi-weekly young workers organizing, international­ election day had never faced the pigs meeting of chapters), chapters, and the ism, and creating a truly international The kids in the intersections took before; and the demonstration opened regional office -- the program would anti-imperialist movem"mt that works the streets over completely, blocking their eyes. The fact that SDS chapters never have happened. This samE process together and not just sends telegrams traffic, lighting bonfires, and lining were the primary organizers, along of the mutual strengthening of organi­ of support, and regional structures and University Avenue with candles from with USM, gave it a coherence that was zational structures and program happens institutions. pi~ the march. No uniformed "were lacking in the yippie-oriented san Fran­ on, a national level also. Just as the visible. At about 9:30 a,fire truck cisco demonstration, and the fact that Boulder NC was a working NC where Let 1,000 Flowers Bloom showed up acco'mpanied by two police kids with low political consciousness people began to think of SDS as a cars and twenty-five cops in riot gear. were attracted made pig-fighting a pol­ national whole, at our regional con­ We cam~ out of the conference having The firemen were blocked, but finally itically effective weapon. __ ference we discovered a consciousness decided the essential form of the pro­ succeeded in getting through and putting of ourselves as a regional unit. gram -- local actions, strikes where out the bonfire. by Jack Gerson possible, in general following a policy Chief of Police Heidi told the people in the intersections that they were an (1

"-"

illegal assembly, and order them out lenges the legitimacy of an institution of the streets. Pigs told about 10 people of state power itself has to be made that they could identify to get out of a lot clearer for all of us. But anti­ the atea--ar1 indication that Palo Alto ©[}{]~©&@@ war demonstrations were small and is forming a Red Squad. confused when they first began. Every­ The pigs proceeded to, cle,ar the in­ thing must begin. What we didn't know tersection,apd many kids Wbo'd nevet; The morning after election day Nixon called for unity. was that a demonstration against the seen pigs in action before split. But elections--against all three candidates (the ",kids that. stayed refilled the'. in:;' Unity behind racism, genocide, the empire and its, ex­ -~was a new kind Of political form. '\tersecti?n, anef ft; took ~?rti ~Cire ~op~: ;p'lpifation ',o{ 'the~ people. In Chicago, as:iIi many other People will have to think about this. ,·to ,clearithe street's. ,$', .~ ~ '.I '_ \,' Possible action' at the inau~ration will At about 11:30, the entire gathering 'cities" across the country SDS: 'calleQforAhe peopleto give us a chance to see if that form was declared an illeg:i:l assembly, and ;.unifY· against' the Jraud of elect~o~s and. the policies of of political opposition catches on. a few' poe:pie were· bUsted on charges yo~r ranging ·from refusalt6 disperse to ,. thefrtilers:' SDS ,said: vote with! feet-We have to City-Wide Organization 'inciting tb riot and" felonious assualt~ p~opiets. th~ ," Three days after the -demonstration, th~ ,begin: to -qemonstrate,that a alternative'to . The action was very important for pigs busted a gliy 101' 'failure t6 dis~ ,c·drriinalpower of the ruling elite '9an some' day be bUilding city-wide organization. It will '-perse, and it's rlimored that they have: teach' us to think as much about what a a warrant out on one or" two others:. created."Btiteven as ,a beginriing the turn out in Chicag'o demonstration builds as what it shows. These -guys 'who are being' busted after. was'small.· '.' ,. Contacts were' made at a lot of new the demonstrations are well-known act.." high schools and junior colleges. Young ivists who the cops are obviously after; working people from the north-side who Ctlicago Whip was Elected election festival". There were some had been involved in the convention Here Co~e The People After thr,ee weeks of leafleting, meet­ rock bands, talks, street theatre and actions came down again and now .we At one point on Tuesday night, close ings, showing films and a more urgent teams of folks went out through the will be able to follow up with them. The to 2,000 people were at Lytton Plaza. sense,in our organizing than usual there day to leaflet the surrounding north­ city-wide action gave us the opportunity Considerable preparations had been were actions on almost all the major side neighborhood. Tuesday night we not only to reach new folks who were made to get this many people out. On campuses in the Chcago area on Monday. marched down to the Hilton for a short drawn to i~, but to raise broader political l\:onday, the San Francisco Mime Troupe They ranged from teach-ins to guerilla rall. The pigs policy was hands off, issues among high school and campus appeared at Stanford, drawing more theatre in classes and hallways, to but the entire red squad turned out constituencies. than 500 people. Films, leanets and wall marches through the dorms and into to film the march. Probably they had We see now that city-wide confronta­ newspapers, in addition to artiCles in university buildings. White high school . decided that to break-up the "illegal" tions around important political ques­ the student newspaper, proved success­ students called for a boycott of classes march would give it too much coverage. tions are vital to building a city-wide,. • ful in getting publicity out. on Monday to support the black st.udents' ,So they took notes for future use. . anti-capitalist, youth movement with' On Tuesday morning there was small­ demands on Chicago high schools and to There is no way of denying that it roots in the schools and among working scale classroom speaking on the elec­ denounce the elections as a fraud. Later was a small turn out. Even the crowd class youth in the community, What we <./ tions. A noon rally featured mock in the day some of them gathered down­ that showed was confused about what it have to see now is whether or not the speeches by the major presidential can­ town for a picket line. Four were busted was doing, and not toomilitant. Marchers folks who worked three weeks around didates, followed by a march to the on truancy raps. shouted"peace, now" 'sometimes, some­ the elections, who worked creatively Applied Electronics Labs by about 100 times "the elections are a fraud", "dump and hard, will continue the day to day students, in line with SDS's program the hump", etc. We were not able to work from now on in the same way. to get Stanford out of Southeast Asia. Anti-Election Festival maintain the level of seriousness that There isn't going to be any revolutionary SDS chapters at College of San Mateo Tuesday, a little over a thousand reveals an understanding of power. The organization without that work... and Fc.othill, both nearby junior colleges, turned out in Lincoln Park for an "anti- conception of a demonstration that chal- by Les Coleman BLECTION NIGIT USA ••• (M)VEMENT) •••

PAGE 20 THE MOVEM ENT DECEMBER, 1968 • • • IT'S ALL OVER •• •AMERICA.LOSBS • •

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of "letting 1000 nowers bloom" on the and then mov,~ out from the rally site papers, etc.), ral11es, speeches, guerilla and tried to cut us' off the street. local level. and hit various targets downtown during theater on the local level as well as After a moment of contusion, people For election day we decided on a rush hour. But no one really knew what aefense training and technical work on went on the sidewalk around them. region-wide rally downtown followed by was going to happen downtown -- we the action itself. We put into' practice We ended up going to the Federal an action directed at a target. The had no idea of how many people would a lot of the theory about how the regional Buiding and we held a meeting there target had. to meet two eonditions: come and what they would be willing office should help the chapters and the to dt;lcide what to do next. We went I. It had to be an institution that rep­ to do. This made people worried be­ chapters, the office and each other. back to the park passing the pig station resented the ruling class and/or the cause they had very little experience Also tM office staff learned to work on the way and chanted ·up against electoral process, since our message in m1l1tant street actions and were together and performed much better the wall" at it. In general the whole was that all elections are a fraud per­ unsure of themselves. We were 'aiso . as a unit than it ever had before. The thing was new to people and they were petrated on the people by the ruUng worried that our organization would energy created by the program carried a bit unsure of themselves but they moved pretty well and everybody dug class. 2. It had to be on good turf be crushed. over into all other areas of our work for us, tactically. One chapter presented a resolution and everything got going much faster. it. that demanded controls to keep "people At the councll meeting, two days before Ey the time we were back at the park from getting out of hand" and generally the action, people began planning other we had grown to 600-850. Everyone was Tactics argued that confrontation with the poUce programs for after the election after' tired from running and pigs were be­ The regional conferencewas two weeks should be absolutely avoided and that some detall work was out of the way. ginning to gather in ·force so we broke before election day. One week after if this was not passed they would not The action itself came off very well. things up and decided to show up at the the conference we had regional coun­ come in force but would only send a We had 300-400 people at our rally winner's victory celebration at ten that cll meeting with about forty people token delegation of four. This chapter in a park downtown and then we moved night. We had about 100-200 people ,(during the summer, average was about has a history of isolation from the out and marched down the middle of at Nixon's- thing that night at Century 8-15). We had discovered that the place rest of the region for geographic, po­ streets stopping traffic and chanting Plaza Hotel. They wouldn't let us in where they counted the ballots was a litical. and personal reasons. People "The elections are a fraud, vote in so we chanted outside and brought every tactical disaster -- high bulldings, bUnd responded by saying this was a "breach the streets." We seemed to have out­ hotel "guest" to his window. alleys, etc. so that it was necessary of discipline" and showed a JaCk or nanked the cops or caught them by The program was also very sucessfuI , in the high schoolswith one school havlng . to decide on another target. In general trust arid solidarity and that the pigs surprise because they made no moves our intel11gence for this action was not .us should worry about the people against us for a very long time. We a walk-out of 750 students. There were miserable. "getting out of hand." kept moving quite quickly, handing out several local follow-up ·aventsofvarying We deCided to have two days of in­ Someone then pointed out that SDS literature and talking to people as we success. The next regional programswill vestigation and meet again. The rest of was not a disciplined organization since went along. No one had planned to take be actions around the Valley State busts the meeting we spent in teaching and chapters were autonomous. People over streets exactly and no one had and Title 5 of the election code proposed learning about how to attack and pro­ agreed, but all understood that this planned a route -- the gro\.;;:..o spon­ revision which would put all organi­ tect ourselves on the street -- kind "control" resolution, coming after the taneously decided how to moye. It was zations and funds on State College conference and councll decisions, showed prlmarlly an organizational action, and campases directly under the control of of a helptul hints session -- wear exactly the error of that autonomy and almost all of the group was SDS people, the Board of Trustees, among other dark clothes, men wear a cup, move chapter people. things.... in groups of four or five, always have still remained in fact, if not formally, an escape route, never get isolated, a breach of discipline. After a stormy by Bill Vandercook etc. This was good both for itself and meeting, we were all reconclled, the Up Against the Wall for the concrete, together mood it cre­ resolution tabled. and we were moving again on getting the program together. Because of both L.A.' s history and ated. At this point people were expect­ politics and SDS's history and politics, ant and a Uttle nervous. .r,.~ Regional Office everyone knew that there was a good By the next meeting two days later, probab1l1ty of doing battle with the pigs, people had become more afraid than Throughout this period excellent work so that people came prepared mentally .~~ angry. We had decided that we would and physically for direct fighting and . meet downtown at 3 P.M. for a rally was done with propaganda production and distribution (buttons, leanets, wall- legal hassels. Twenty cops did appear

~~©[H]~@&~l ~1J&1J~ photos: Jay Cassidy by Scott Braley Coffee ­ Two weeks before the elections the Michigan State h&v1ng to rellnqulsh them as they went SDS chapter voted to take some kind of action. It was through the game--identity cards, draft cards, etc. The appropriate numbers Cont. fr. 1?22 decided not to follow the strike proposal of the N.C. of people were pulled out for the army, if there is no other way out, go in. for Dow, etc. Anyone who gave trouble Work with the people. But, well. •• because it would be ·unsuccessful". Chapter members or tucked up was appropriately stomped by ou.r ponce force. At the end the ones Mike: How is your trial coming? opposed to the strike felt that a strike would mean who made it through intactwereallowed, Josh: They keep putting it off. They organizing a vast majority of the students around bread after paying their income tax, to vote said theY're going to bring it up in -at one of three tollets provided. When December or January. and butter issues. Elections they felt did not focus on they left that booth, they ran into an Mike: Have there been a lot ofdope busts immediate demands which would be able to mobilize eight foot wall labeled -This is the on political people? wall you're up against". The game was Josh: Yes. Lee otis Johnson, a SNCC enough students to shut the university down. very well attended and many people said organizer in Houston got the same thing. that it was the first time they had ever He got 30 years. In Texas, for the first Members in favor of the strike argued to the polls, so that it would be clear been able to identify with SDS. offense, possession is two to life. Since that such a conception of a strike was that we were NOT against the voters, At the appropriate time we started Nicholas Von Hoffman (AP and Wash­ too rigid, and that a strike sholl1d be but against the candidates. a revolution, where the entire apparatus ington Post correspondent) got down used as an organizing tOOl, not as an The committee decided on several covering about an acre was totally de­ here ·in July, and wrote that tucking attempt to shut down the University. actions--pamphlets expla1n1ng our feel­ moUshed. story about - Fort Head", that's what's In the spring elections McCarthy had ings on the elections and the actions been going on, busts and severe sen­ received 12,000 votes at MSU, wh1le the we were taking. Three costumes were tences. People should put a boycott on chapter .ad stayed small. The election made and worn all over campus of Rally Von Hoffman. He fucked up a lot ofpeople strike was seen as an opportunity to tweedledee, etc., and eight foot puppets: This was followed by a rally at which as a result of that story. He brought down reach out to many of these sb'dents. one red, one white and one blue. SDS tried to explain and analyze the a lot of static from the Fouth Army and An election committee was set up Teach-ins were held in some classes activities. A Puerto Rican freedom fight­ from the Pentagon, and it leanetted, ran a game and had on Monday. On Tuesday, a "gorilla er also spoke and the rally closed with , Mike: What are your immediate needs? a festival of Ufe on election night. band" covered the campus, a la Mime an hour long open forum. . .Tosa: We're really pushing hard to get The theme of the actions was bu1lt troupe, with Tweedle. At night there was a -Festival of a staff attorney down here. We had around "tweedledee, tweedledum, and Life while the death votes came in"-­ to fight like hell to get an attorney for tweedledummer". American Electoral Game folksingers, recorded music, Kool-Aid, Bru~teterson who was sentence~~:to popcorn, over head projectors with war eig~.',rs for possession. We got,{)~ Not Against Voters This was followed by an "American pictures etc. Th'ree projectors alter­ but it. a last minute deal. l electoral game". People went through nated from different corners with news­ FU .J\ND LAWYERS AND STUFF Ci\N The strike committee decided to keep a maze set up Uke registration, people reels. Over all this were T.V.s with BE stFT TO JOSH GOULD, C/O OL~O actions on the campus, rather than go getting a handful of IBM cards and the election returns on. Rap sessions STR(1,J} 702 W. AVE. C, KILLEEN, TEX. went on outside. +- .~~~I. ' from NEW LEFT NOTES • • • IT'S ALL OVER •• .AMERICA LOSBS • •

DECEMBER, 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 21 .. - Coffe'e· Off Limits! I- In response to a student occupation of the admini­ stration building, a new grim tone of repressionhas I• been set at San Fernando' _ Valley State College. The student action, led by the Black Student Union and supported by SQS, took I_ place on November 4th to -\ protest: 1. an assault upon a BSU member by the freshman football coach; 2. the placing of all campus acti­ vities under direct control of the board of trustees; and 3. the curtailing of funds for the minority admissions program. While the students occupied the ad­ ministration building, acting president Blomgren negotiated with a studentdele.­ gation and \l.greed to a number of de-. mands, including amnesty for all in­ volved. The next morning Blomgren announced that since the agreement was I made under what he called«coercion"; he would not keep his word. - Operating out of a command center - set up in the administration building (which is still in operath.l~ 90lice began to arrest people in their homes. To date 30 BSU members have been ar­ rested on 24 different felony counts, including kidnapping, assault with a deadly weapon, grand t1.teft and con­ THE fOLLOWING IS AN INTERVIEW BETWEEN MICHAEL KLONSKY Of SDS strongly. It's wrong to say that civilians spiracy to commit misdemeanors. Many AND JOSH GOULD, ONE Of THE ORGANIZERS Of THE OLEO STRUT COffEE can' t work with guys in the army just students have been hit with multiple HOUSE AT fORT HOOD, TEXAS. JOSH IS PRESENTLY OUT ON $2,500 BOND like white people can't work with blacks. counts and some of the charges (e.g. AfTER THE STRUT ·WAS RAIDED AND HE WAS ARRESTED fOR SUPPOSEDLY You have guys from many different kidnapping with concealed weapons) POSSESSING MARIJUANA. class backgr,,jU:lds in the arm) carry a possible death penalty. Nine like the Strut is a place where people SDS members were also arrested on Mike Klonsky: Josh, what kind of pro­ Josh: As far as we're concerr.ed down minor charges. gress are you making down in Killeen from those different backgrounds.have here, I seriously doubt that we're going been able to get together and talk and The' police have obviously prepared to take part in any national actions for IIOW that summer is over? feel comfortable and that's been a very for this action for a long time. One Josh GOUld: Well, the strut right now, a long time. We're gOiI!g to do a lot conscious thing. That's why we play BSU member, who has been in jail is in a .little bit of a slump. There are of retrenching. We're going to be doing down the hippy thing, at times play down since July 21, has been -charged with a ,fot more work on base. There has a numter of reasons. The first is that the left thing so that guys can feel kidnapping. More arrests are expected it's winter and it's getting cold in been a conflict between the ideas. of comfortable. soon -- rumor has it that 75 warrants Texas. The guys aren' t corning in to 'organizing on ':;.1' L ld organizing in I don't thing people should enlist. are still outstanding including 25 for Killeen as' much now. They've started the Strut or out of the strut. We're I think that going into the army specifi­ ~ felonies. going down to Austin. The more important corning to a resolution of that conflict cally to organize is silly because the _. Twenty-one students have been sus- reason is that ever since we've been very quickly now. People are beginning '- . tools of repression in the army are pended so far. Hearings on further sus­ open, the NCOs, people incQmmand, have to see that they have to go back to really set down. They're veryarbitrary. pensions and expulsions are scheduled been intimidating the guys to keep them the barracks to tal.k to guys. They're personal tools. Like, you can to begin on November 11. About 60% of the guys here at Hood from corning down to the Strut. There's get an NCO and he ,can fuck you over A new coalition called the November never been a direct order. There's never are Nam vets and they're in riot-control. very had and I think that before any 4th Committee has been formed to .fight been an official action making it off And those are the issues, Nam and riot­ organizer goes in, he should have a this reprssion. On November 8th they limits. control, the primary issues that are very good understanding of what he _ held a demonstration attended by about There has beer: a lot of cooperation facing these guys. can do and what he can' t because you _ 1000 students. The police were also between the civil and militaryauthorities can be isolated very quickly. I think present in strength. to intimidate people from going. The Linking Up people should do their damndest to I' Cops are allover the campus now, common reaction amongst a lot of guys stay out, but when the time comes, in and out of uniform. Chief Pig Reddin is, «I can dig the strut, but it's a bust." Mike: Does that mean that you see little announced last week: "There will be no That's one of the things we're trying possibility for linking up what's going CONTINUED ON PAGE 21 campus disturbances in Los Angeles." to ove.rsome now by doing more work on at Hood with the movement outside, That remains to be seen...... on base. like in Austin at the university there We've also had a lot of problems or in Denton with the North Texas State f --- -- getting entertainment. The 1aEy kinds .movement? of bureaucratic shit like thE restaurant Josh: No, there is going to be that. supplier bOycotted us. So we haven't A lot of guys go down to Austin on the - been able to get the supplies we needed. weekends. When they go down, they - . So right now we're in a little bit of go down to see SDS people, people who sds in kalamazoo a slump. We had a damn good summer, work on the RAG, they go down to see very dynamic, getting a foothold with anti-war people and I think that's great. by Ed Jacques' our kind of ideas. We've just now solved They have that personal contact with the the conflict between culture and politics. movement that they've been isolatedfroID' We have one room that's culture and one for so long. That's one of the functions The Municipal Employees Union Local 1677 invited room that's politics. the Strut has served. - A lot of guys are short. They're getting - Kalamazoo SDS to join them on their picket lines and out of the army real soon. We've managed G.1. Week to arrange things for them to do when in demonstrations which are to continue each Saturday Mike: How important was G.!. Week? they go horne. They have contact with until the city agrees to negotiate a new contract. The Josh: Well, it's kind of hard to judge the movement through the Strut. They from here. We were pretty'isolated from know the Strut is movement linked. We Local is racially balanced: leadership is white. The whatever national impact it had. As far talk about the movement a lot. invitation' -came after discussion by the workers; and as Killeen and fort Hood goes, it had When guys get out, well, one guy's - little sil1:IlificancE' for guys, even guys working on the NEWSREEL projE'ct, one after Secretary of State James Hare publically announced who were involved in organizing the guy's working in Washington, one guy'S teach-in here and down in Austin. We working in the Tacoma coffee house that that SDS was going to· dynamite polling places on election ". don' t even 'know what happened at Dix. carne out of Hood. So because of these day. We don't know what happened up at things, we think a link up with the movement outside is important. Ord. We don't know what happened at Kazoo is the heart of John Birch days before the invitation was made. any of the other bases. Possibly there "Army Organizing I country and SDS has made a lot of noise The SDSer talked .about the workers should be efforts made to analyze and there receqtly. Seventy SDS people joined Mike: What do you thing about SDS being unable to feed their kids. The communicate what did hapP9n. We're two hundred workers from all over the lowest paid workers take horne $75 analyzing our mistakes and what we did. people or organizers going into the army state. The workers didn't know what to how and trying to organize instead of a week. There was a small turnout in Austin. This make of us, but were friendly enO\lgh. The Commissioners' talked about was for a number of reasons. The main trying to resist the draft or in conjunction We rapped back and forth. We invited with draft resistance but instead of going channels and proper procedures. SDS one is that peop~e just didn't do a lot NOC to send someone to speak at next , 'said the procedures don't work and) of work around it. There wasn' t the to Canada or doing time in jail? Saturday's rally. Josh: Going to Canada; it seems to me, I besides they are the city's procedures. motivatic:m because people just didn't A majority of the City Commission not the workers'. Apparently a number that you've got to have a corn :nittmentto are Birchers. The city claims the strike undersfand the basis of it. Was it support­ your people, the people in this country. - of workers were listeningand recognized ing GIs 'who were against the war? is illegal and refuses to negotiate. It's the SDS person's name. It comes down ~ F rom what I've heard about what's going now the longest municipal employees Was it supporting GIs against the brass? on in Canada, it's not too hot. I think to the idea that the workers seemed These kind of questions were never strike in the history of the state-- 25 to feel that at least that guy could people should stay in this country. You days at this writing. The workers have reallY,clearly talked about. may be able to organize ~n jail but I talk and he understood what they were Mike: What about the future? Do you think no strike fund. up against. They could have cared less doubt if many peop~e are'doing that. The probable reason for the lnvita__ there" are potentials for the movement I think people shoUld resist the army I about his politics; he understood they outside trying to relat.e ."1 the movement tion to join the strikers carne from a were up against it. So SDS 1s on the as much as they can. They should try lucky break. An SDS member raked inside? It so how do you see that develop­ every way possible to get out. Guys in - picket lines with workers who probably ing in the future? - the. City Commission over the coals voted solidly Wallace.... the army do relate to civilians very , durinf{ the Commission's meeting a few

PAGE 22 DECEMBER, 1968 -~~. Brazilian left has a long way to go was made illegal, its offices burned, that people's political consciousness is the creativity of their base. All rev­ before taking power. and over 3000 leaders were forced to raised in the streets and that, they also olutionary work begins with the needs take refuge in foreign embassies, leave learn to lose their fear of the enemy of the people. Leaders shouldn't stand Before The '64 Coup the country or be arrested..A m1l1tary and get used to. violence. The people's above the people, but rather immerse . chief was named head of the University. army of the future is getting its train­ themselves in the lives of the people In 1937 a group of student leaders All political and cultural activity was ing today in the streets. they're trying to organize. Then leaders founded UNEB. A few months later, banned. The Political Charter says that stu­ can take the general ideas and feelings Getulio Vargas, the Brazilian Fascist, UNEB reorganized clandestinely. dents ally with workers and peasants as of their base, systematize them and took power and held it for 8 years.· Militant demonstrations began"again an auxiliary force, but also as a force translate them into action. UNEB takes During Vargas' r1l1e, UNEB took an in 1966. ln October, simultaneous dem­ fighting against a common enemy. Here, the mass line seriously. They insist anti-fascist and vaguely nationalist posi­ onstrations in all the principal cities they combine revolutionary class issues on constant interaction between their tion. UNE B sided with the Allies during denounced the electoral farce the dic­ with student grievances. They say that cadres and the base so that UNEB will World War II and held several anti­ tators were trying to stage. The follow­ student grievances help to sustain the always be articulating what their people fascist demonstrations during which ing month 8 million blank and abstention more political class struggle because want. some students were killed. votes (almost half of those eligible they mob1l1ze and organize the students Organizationally, UNEB has elimin­ From 1945 to 1961-2, UNEB raised to participate in the forced vote), showed and raise their consciousness that the ated almost all vestiges of bureaucracy. the level of its political demands while that the masses understood the political University is the fruit of a class society There are ten members of the national remaining essentially reformist. It de­ message of the student-led demonstra­ and serves the interests of the ruling directorate. They meet and elaborate manded nationalization of oil and steel tions--Iegal solutions to dictatorship class. But the struggle around student a plan of work according to the political industries, but ignored the basic cor­ and imperialism are impossible. grievances can never be separated from line approved at the latest Congress porate structure. These industries be­ In February 1967, UNEB organized a the larger political struggle. of UNEB. Then each national leader came state monopolies. national educational campaign on im­ leaves for a different region of the In 1961, it struck for student power-' perialist infiltration of the educational An Example country where he stays from 15 days to type issues: participation in the Univ­ system. They exposed the network of 2 months. In each region they visit ersity administration, stabllzation of CIA, Foundation, MIT and scholarship How does a student grievance get the faculties, going to the lecture hallS,· book prices and scholarship funds. The controls. They also exposed Project articulated along with the larger pol- . discussing with their base the orienta­ strik(l was violent. Nothing reallychang­ Rondon. a Braz1l1an version of the do­ itical struggle? The conditions in the tion of the student movement, helping ed. UNEB also supported the liberal mestic Peace Corps designed to channel student dining facilities were lousy. the development of local struggles, par­ Goulart against a threatened right-wing humanitarian energies into pacification UNEB could have dealt with this grie­ ticipating in them, investigating with the coup in 1961. programs and to m1l1tarize the educa­ vance in a variety of ways: Send a people the problems of the region. During that period, UNEB made alli- I tional system. le,tter to the dictator, asking for im­ After this, the directorate meets again .ances with workers and peasants over , ln June, the Union of High School provement; form a commission to nego­ to rework their plans on the basis of 'reformist demands like price stabili­ Students and UNEB staged a national tiate with the restaurant administration what they have learned. The process zation, salary increases, voting rights day of 'protest against U.S control of etc. But since they reject any dialogue continues over and over. for illiterates and agrarian reform. Brazilian education. Tanks rolled out with the dictatorship, they had to choose The direct action of leaders, together Students participated in actions called in every city against the demonstrators. a revolutionary form. with their base, has given UNEB remark­ by workers and peasants around these This year~ the number and m1l1tancyof UNEB didn't call a street demonstra­ able resiliency in the face of repression. issues. demonstrations has increased. There tion right off. First they proposed a Only last month about 1000 UNEB dele­ In analyzing those times, the UNEB .has been much destruction of property, mass meeting. After the students res­ gates were busted attheir1968 Congress. leader wrote, "And what was the level ·many deathS, inclUding one cop and ponded positively, they escalated to a The movement was not destroyed. M1l1­ of political and ideological consciousness several workers. On May Day workers rally, and finally, a demonstration. tant protest demonstrations allover the of the great mass of students? It's ,carried slogans like: «Armed struggle They staged a street demonstration country, involving thousands of people. easy to answer--low, very very low. ~Will oust the dictatorship"; To die fight­ whose political content was the student have taken place. The leaders were politically isolated ing, yes. To die of starvation. no."; grievance. The police interved violently from their base. The only existing 'tie "Workers. stUdents, peasants united to and murdered a young student. Immedi­ Operating Underground was on the formal organizational level. liberate Brazil from imperialism"; and, ately, the students took to the streets, The large mobilizations were reallyonly "Our struggle is the same as our bro­ but this time the content of the demon­ How does a clandestine organization the result of a bureaucratic administra­ thers in Vietnam" . stration was revolutionary--against the call for a mass demonstration without tive apparatus that UNEB had in those dictatorship and imperialism, those re­ using any public facUities? years. Proof of this is that this apparatus Strategy: Offense sponsible for the murder. The strategy All stU'dents sympathetic to UNEB are was completely paralyzed when the HQ worked. UNEB was albe to provoke a organized in Work Fronts of 5-10 stu­ was occupied by military police and any UNEB makes demonstrations the cornerstone of their strategic thinking. qualitative leap in political conscious­ dents. These are the permanent units kind of protest demonstration was im-' ness. of organization which meet regularly to possible to pull off." They feel that the political struggle prepares the way for armed struggle discuss the politics of the student move­ and that students are central to the The Mass Line ment and how they can best carry out urban political struggle. Street demon­ The mass line is a concept proposed its various activities. One member of Flying UNEB the Work Front is the coordinator. He UNEB was forced to de-bureaucratize strations, mostly violent with masspopu­ by Leni~ and developed by Mao. It is lar participation, fac1l1tate the develop­ an orientation towards political work is responsible for the political orienta­ itself, and form closer links with its tion of UNEB at the mass level. ' base. UNEB became UNEB-Volante (lit­ ment of armed struggle--the highest that assumes that leaders can only be form of class btruggle. UNEB says . competant and effective if they rely on i'o avoid prior repression of the erally flying UNEB), with no headquart­ demonstration, only the time and date ers. Congresses, formal relations at of the demonstration is announced 'in the leadership level and hanging around advance. It doesn't have to be voted the office were replaced by mass assem- . on at a formal meeting because the blies, demonstrations, rallies and re­ leaders know the position of their base 0..- lations at the mass level. This new from constant interaction. To make sure kind of organizational form was the the army and the cops are not at stra­ beginning of a political policy which tegic points beforeha..lld, the starting was later to be developed in the «mass place of the demonstration is only an­ line" . nounced once it starts. The People's Center of Culture(CPC), The chairmen of Academic Centers, at founded at this time, launched a national the departmental level, know the starting literacy campaign 'and showed movies place (or places if there are many and plays with anti-imperialist content students in the city) for the demon­ to masses of workers. stration. The coordinator of alltheWork These forms of organziation whict.. Fronts lets each Work Front coordinator brought UNEB leadership into constant know the gathering points for the demon­ contact with masses of people contra­ stration minutes before it begins. dicted the reformist content of student Before the demonstration begins the I!QIitics. By being with the people, UNE13 students blend into the usual crowds learned that . they couldn't be social found on the streets--in bus lines, movie . workers. they had to be revolutiona.ries. theater lines, etc. Their posters and The m1Utary coup dramatized this stickS· are hidden under clothing or in lesson. tinder GOUlart, in spite of rel­ rolls of newspaper. A whistle, a shout. ative political freedom, a growing eco­ the exposure of a sign or poster, any­ nomic crisis was taking on explosive thing can be the signal for the start of proportions. Everyone talked about how demonstration. Then 'demonstrators a coup was imminent, but just as we emerge from all over, apparently spon- all talk about increased repression-­ taneously. -, No one wanted to believe it. . The site for the demonstration is Reformism had reflected the convic­ carefully chosen.' It should be a cen­ tion that the national bourgeoisie of trally located avenue 'which is wide Brazil was anti-imperialist. Before the and has a lot of normal activity. The coup, few people spoke ofpolitical power a venu~' should be cut by many side in class terms. nor did they realize ,streets.' When the repression gets heavy, that the revolution had to be violent. demonstrators disperse quickly in groups of about 100 down the various . The Generals Coup side streets. They always advance on a one way street the wrong way to make The Generals conspired with U.S. it harder for the army vehicles to Ambassador Lincoln Gordon and Colonel catch them. Vernon Walthers, military assessor of When the cops start to shoot. special the U.S. Embassy, to take power. Their cadres, chosen from the Work Fronts, military dictatorship revoked all na­ begin thrOWing molotov cocktails to cover tionalist laws and opened the door to those who are dispersing. After dis­ total U.S. domination of the economy. persing, and the cops are off their. The so-called national bourgeosie, guard, the crowd returns for ,another with some exceptions, not only supported confrontation. Mobility is the most im­ but also participated in the coup. They portant thing for this tactic of disper­ were NOT national (anti-imperialist). sal-concentration. The coup suited their class interests. The BrazilIanstudent leader went into They proved the universal thesis that much greater detail about how they when faced with the alternative of rev­ prepare for meetings and demonstra­ olution or reaction, the bourgeoi/Jie will tions. Most of the details probably choose reaction. couldn't be adapted to the American UNEB and the Brazilian people in scene, but the general idea of the Bra­ general were jolted out of the bourgeois zilian student movement seems relevant illusion that reform waS a viable pol­ to us. itical alternative. UNEB realized 'that' , its ally could not be the middle class. • by Arlene Eisen Bergman .

Revolutionary Politics (This article is based on conversatioll$ . Several weeks after the coup, UNEB 'With a leader of the Brazil~an movement 'and on the literature he gave me.) DECEMBER, 1968 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 23 Our victory is tied To our unity--- Land monopoly destroyed Gone our slavery.

And now we can rely 0n the student class Fighting in our defense.

We'll leave poverty in the past Crush those who hold the reins Keeping our Brazil in chains. "

With half the area. is the most decisive sf It is also the home of a gr like ours in many ways, our struggle must take. "Popular Action" is tti Brazil. It is a a Christian De J' struggIe far t fronts: st So far, the active in the p, tatorship and i activity is wage, of Brazil (UNE comes mostly f founded in 193 ist, bureau organizati