International Journal of Political Science ISSN: 2228-6217 Vol.5, No 9, Spring 2015, (pp.31-44)

The Role of the Islamic Revolution of in Strengthening Shiite Movements of

Saeid Khosravi 1*, Fatemeh Mohammadi 2 1 Ph.D Candidate in Political Science, Islamic Azad University, South Branch Tehran, Iran 2 Ph.D Candidate in Political Science, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch Tehran, Iran

Received: 10 Sep 2014 ; Accepted: 12 March 2015

Abstract: The concept of issuance of revolution is synonymous with the expansion of revolution that Imam considered it at beginning of the revolution. Before the revolution, western countries’ ef- fort and program involved in the dried roots of in different countries and reduced the con- cepts and doctorins of it. For this reason, this was the most important influence of Islamic revo- lution was. Series of changes that occurred in the , in addition to fundamental changes in the Iran's political system and society, beyond the borders of Iran swept and had a major influence in the Arab and Muslim world. In Pakistan, Iran's revolution leads to the pro- motion of intellectual and political vision of Shiite youth generation and strengthen »Movement enforcement law parsley« and » students organization« that the revolution is the same Horicon. But before Islamic revolution, Pakistan Shiite clerics had little presence in the political and social scenes and more shaped up on traditional ceremonies, banquet and feasts infallibles and especially mourners seyed al shohada, and didn't have constructive role in this affairs too ;Because during these activities were more attentive to differences between Shia and Sunni. Nevertheless, after the Islamic Revolution, Shiite clerics on their religious and social movement, people were invited to participate in politics.

Keywords: Revolution, The Islamic Revolution, The Islamic Movement

Introduction dignity and the law inspire its constituent According to many political pundits, the Is- elements. These components are, in fact, de- lamic Revolution is a new political system mands nations after years of oppression and into the international system of equations that bowling world powers to seek relief and are justice, democracy and cultural and religious denied their rights and liberation from the values of nations and respect for human domination of powers are bowling. For this

*Corresponding Author’s Email: [email protected]

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reason, the Islamic Revolution rooted in the its political system, Based on Islamic ideolo- aspirations of religious, political and cultural gy and the principles and values and based on many nations of the world. the knowledge and belief of the people and Iran's Islamic Revolution can be consid- the leadership of pioneering enthusiasts and ered one of the biggest events in the second righteous and violent uprising of the masses half of the twentieth century, no revolution (Amid Zanjani, 1988: 79). within national boundaries remains Made Revolution, "a program or a policy and revolution and the Islamic Revolution of Iran action by those involved in the revolution in was no exception. Iran's Islamic Revolution order to influence other communities are influenced many countries and nations that making" (Mohammadi, 2011: 411). the effects of the opportunities and threats Kaleem Siddiqui, on definition of "Islam- posed to Iran. One of the countries that were ic movement", writes: If the "movement" heavily inspired by the Islamic Revolution of with the suffix "Islamic" is used, it means "a Iran was Pakistan, the Pakistani people wel- fairly regular collective efforts to advance the comed with open arms to the Islamic Revolu- goals of" will. tion of Iran and Pakistan in this Shiite Islamic Imam Khomeini's revolution to a known Revolution more than any other group were legal duty, Continuation of the revolution and receptive. The main objective of this study the realization of its goals related to efficien- was to investigate the role of the Islamic cy and knowledge revolution and in case of Revolution on Pakistan's Shia movements. neglect of this important and revolutionary Revolution impact on other Islamic coun- stay confined within the boundaries of the tries as Iran that its efforts depended, to the revolution, considered the definitive defeat of country and the region depended. Iran's for- the revolution, if you say: eign policy in defense of religious values, re- "We must support the oppressed of the jection of domination and control, independ- world. We must export our revolution to the ence and territorial integrity of the Islamic world effort and thinking that we do not ex- Republic of Iran and the primacy of the rela- port our revolution aside; Because Islam does tionship with neighboring countries and the not differentiate between Muslim countries Third World is short According to Pakistan and support all the oppressed of the world. that it has a special place in relations with Iran. On the other hand, all the powers and super- Pakistan in the Asian region is one of the powers back to close and if we remain in a most religious countries in the context of its closed environment, we will certainly fail. rise, and many of diversity are enough and in "(Khomeini, 2006 , 202). the face of ideological Islamic Revolution in The nature of the Islamic Revolution and Iran, in particular its effects on the movement the popular belief arose from it, on the one and Shiite groups in Pakistan are important. hand led to a feud sparked global powers, and Researcher in this study based on the theory on the other hand, the Islamic Iran the focus of revolution in the Islamic Revolution of of inspiration and awakening of nations, es- Iran Pakistan's Shiite movement. pecially the Muslims. However with the Islamic Revolution is a fundamental characteristics and objectives derived from change in the overall structure of society and the nature of the Islamic Revolution and the

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International Journal of Political Science, Vol.5, No 9, Spring 2015

Islamic religion is Islam and the Islamic ide- in terms of regional and international realities ology and the people and inclusion, inde- is inevitable. pendence and lack of reliance on the East and On the other hand, from the viewpoint of West, and support for the oppressed, negating Imam Khomeini revolution of nations must submissiveness and with respect to the Islam- be objective and consider all aspects of ex- ic world domination and conflict with the porting revolution to the interests of the Is- unfair system governing the world and the lamic Republic of Iran in the international leader of the revolution were necessary to environment to be met. adopt approaches based on the objectives of Islamic Revolution in Iran, the overthrow the revolution. In this regard, and to meet the of the Shah's tyranny, the oppression and ar- expectations of the fans and the determination rogance and interests of the dominant pow- of the opposition Islamic Revolution this im- ers, especially America was threatened. Es- portant phenomenon, Imam Khomeini revolu- pecially Muslims become the focus of inspi- tion raised the idea. Therefore, in a study we ration and awakening of nations. Islamic are going ahead according to the theoretical Republic with Iran's Islamic Revolution came framework (revolution) and its impact on the as a system at the national level, quite differ- Shiites, especially the Shiite Muslim move- ent from other existing systems; a special ment put Pakistan under scrutiny. place was at the international level. Ideological approach and traditional val- Theoretical Foundations of Research: ues of the Islamic Revolution and the reli- The nature of the Islamic Revolution and the gious culture and native to the West, and es- popular belief arose from it, on the one hand. pecially America was unexpected on the one Led to a feud sparked global powers, and on hand and on the other hand makes all Muslim the other hand, the Islamic Iran the focus of nations and effectiveness of the goals, objec- inspiration and awakening of nations, espe- tives, policies and procedures related to this cially the Muslims. The Leader of Islamic important phenomenon, and expectations and Revolution, from the early days of the revo- their specific expectations for the mainte- lution to convey his teachings and experienc- nance and transmission pattern from the cus- es of other communities a sense of duty, and todians of the Islamic Revolution brought a with the idea of exporting the revolution revolutionary experience. sought to meet these requirements revolution The Leader of Islamic Revolution in addi- and transnational two-way are rose. The fact tion to a sense of religious duty in publishing is that the idea of "exporting the revolution", and spreading the teachings of the Islamic which should become a policy regulates Revolution, had savings and their experienc- faced with different attitudes, but Imam es with regard to their religious duty to Khomeini’s revolution and the founder of the transmit environmental conditions. Based on Islamic Republic of Iran as the school clearly the facts already considered and with the stated their positions on the definitive revolu- characteristics and objectives derived from tion, it also charted dimension. the nature of the Islamic Revolution and the While the ideas of Imam Khomeini revo- Islamic religion is Islam and the Islamic ide- lution because of the nature and characteris- ology and the people and inclusion, inde- tics of the Islamic Revolution as an ideologi- pendence and lack of reliance on the East and cal obligation has been based on principles, West, and support for the oppressed , the re-

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jection of domination and submissiveness cluded religious foundations, goals roads and and due to the necessity of the unity of the is an efficient tool for setting and explaining Islamic world, conflict with the unfair system them fertile ground for religious and revolu- governing the world and the leader of the tionary duty and recognition of special op- revolution were necessary to adopt approach- portunities for expansion and areas interested es based on the objectives of the revolution. to the Islamic Revolution will become avail- In this regard, and to meet the expectations of able. the fans and the determination of the opposi- The drawing and theoretical explanation tion Islamic Revolution this important phe- of Imam Khomeini revolution can be useful nomenon, Imam Khomeini revolution raised in policy-making, planning and excellence in the idea. Here are a few things about the rev- transnational concern for the environment, olution are necessary: and the measure to be considered in this re- Since the early days of the revolution, one gard Muslims left. However, the impact in of the things to emphasize his serious certain communities such as and Issue of revolution and with them the ide- Palestine had more depth and change beliefs as of the revolution and the emphasis on the and build self-esteem and solidarity with the implementation of this policy, some specified Iranian people in the communities along. and explicit opposition from some political These developments can be seen as one of parties was discussed, but he certainly with the central issues related to the theory of rev- the position stated:"We will export our revo- olution analyzed and evaluated. Affected na- lution to the whole world" (Khomeini, 2006, tions, Muslims and Islamic movements of the C 12: 148). It is also thought by denying the Iranian revolution to the extent that the re- opposition the beginning of the revolution of gional and international experts have admit- Imam Khomeini said: "We should strive to ted to this fact. For example Jan.al. Esposito, export revolution to the world and thinking a scholar of the Middle East, said: "A univer- that we do not export our revolution sal Islamic Revolution took place on Islamist aside." (Khomeini, 2006, C 12: 202) Imam groups influenced policy" (Esposito 1993: by taking clear positions, their adherence to 25), but there are different views on how to the revolution to be said for sure. export the revolution is necessary and appro- Islamic Revolution fans around the world, priate framework and principles the idea of particularly Muslims of the goals and objec- exporting the revolution to be explained to tives of the Islamic Revolution and the Islam- the fundamental objectives of the Islamic ic Republic of Iran's interests in the interna- Revolution and the cross-border arising from tional environment protection and to take it, according to the framework and principles action. His position is not always decisive to be followed. and central role in the various stages of the It is necessary, in the article we seek to Muslim people of Iran for the Islamic Revo- use the scientific method, based on the prin- lution and the Islamic Republic of Iran's offi- ciples of the revolution of Imam Khomeini, cials and Islamic community also beyond the and give an explanation. borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran, but Islamic Republic of Iran because of the their positions on the issue of revolution in- ideological structure and principles of the

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International Journal of Political Science, Vol.5, No 9, Spring 2015 constitution as well as adherence to the prin- ties that were formed after inflammation sub- cipled positions of Imam Khomeini officials sides atmosphere, was again dominated by on the need to have appropriate and desirable Shiite religious political stagnation in the so- framework for its commitment to identify ciety. and map Islamic Revolution's goals of cross- Organizations and associations' rights pro- border, and All formal and informal authori- tection department Pakistani Shia 'and' na- ties on the basis of which they can interact tional conference Shiites in Pakistan "that with the orientation of regional and interna- existed in the past, has a limited and tempo- tional actors and to demand the right of na- rary goals and existential philosophy they tions, particularly Islamic movements are an came to defend against privatization was lim- appropriate response. On the other hand, the ited. Shiite religious orientation in a tradi- authorities explain the framework could tional society, they were prevented from po- make convergence revolution in both theory litical activity. The main Shiite political and and practice scenes, opportunities and threats social demands in the past it was limited to for the Islamic Republic of Iran and harms three (Martyr Hossein of Qom, 1990: 37) caused by differences in taste and practical 1. Shiite beliefs taught to students in conflict in the field of order Islamic Republic public schools; of Iran are away. 2. Religious Shiites to their assignment; In addition to the commitment to the poor 3. Protection of mourning Seyed alsho- and the audience of Muslim revolution and hada the need to strengthen cross-border opportu- With the advent of Zia ul-Haq in 1977, nities that the explanation of the revolution is major political changes took place in this concerned, avoiding the consequences of in- country, because of unstable democracy and voluntary effects also need to give explana- the constitution of 1973 was once again inter- tions framework based on the ideas of Imam rupted temporarily was discredited. Zia to Khomeini. compensate for the lack of legitimacy in Is- lam and Islamic politics of the country's ref- : uge. In April 1978 at a meeting of the Federal Establishment and operation of "inciting Advisory Council, a separate Shiite and Sun- Jafariyeh" originally called "stimulate adop- ni religious education was abolished in tion of jurisprudence Jafariyeh" (Movement twelve Rabi al-Awal 1397 AH implementa- of law enforcement parsley) was called, a tion of Sharia law, which includes about party belonging to the Shia community in adultery, theft, qazf, drugs and pay zakat and Pakistan. Shiites in Pakistan, despite having the tithe announced (martyr Hussein of Qom, plenty of features and capabilities, such as 1990: 40). population, about 20 to 25 percent of the With the "Islamization" of the country by population (Derry, No. 9, 2006: 35), urbani- Zia was considered based on Hanafi jurispru- zation, the political, economic resources dence, Shiites against the government led to a modest and active and educated manpower serious reaction. Shiites believe that the de- High, until the late seventies had failed to fault implementation of Hanafi jurisprudence, create a single political entity. Political and civil and social rights are ignored, following social activities organized regularly in the a public call of and Shiite Clergymen, past, less attention has been this and difficul- twelve in April 1979 in "pristine" state of

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The Role of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in Strengthening …

Punjab functions come together and "incite- On this occasion "political provocation Char- ment Jafariyeh adoption of law "was found- ter" adopted "provocation" was declared offi- ed. On this occasion, Allameh Mufti Jafar cially as a political party (Khan, 1998: 254- Hussain Pakistan was elected as the leader of 255). the Shiite public. Jafariyeh stimulate leadership during Aref Jafariyeh stimulating organized activities Hosseini (1984-1988) won the overwhelming to meet their demands, which initially was majority of Pakistani Shiites gathered on its limited to a few religious issues began. axis and the issues and problems of social, "Provocation" on the sixth of July 1980 with cultural and economic studies and resource- the establishment of a large community in fulness make them. Without a doubt, this was Islamabad and surrounded the parliament the first time in the political history of Paki- building and other important federal office, stan Shia political and religious Shiite parties its important demands such as the zakat ex- on all the nobility became Shia and opposed emption was Shia, the government con- the traditionalists and conservatives, pro- vinced. The most important achievement is government policies, to prove his dominance. Jafariyeh little stimulation, and even it can be Traditional tissue Pakistan Shiite community the most successful in the history of fifty that always impressed by the large landown- years of this country's Shiites, because the ers and clergy were conservative and apoliti- leaders of "provocation" could all their de- cal, has prevented the formation of a reli- mands fourteen were included in the Zia gov- gious political party were widespread, but the ernment imposed. stimulation Jafariyeh enjoying the region's Shiites in the absence of a new political political and religious conditions was created movement of the feet and in the most sensi- after the Islamic Revolution, the traditional tive political juncture, a new combat experi- Shiite religious and traditional belief change. enced, wise and experienced leader in the Powerful presence "provocation" in the August 29, 1983 died from the disease. I was political and social scene, although a lot of elected in February 1984-led Aref Hosseini. support within the Shiite community in the His political wisdom and his great goals, country as well, but the fanatical Sunni fac- structure and organization of the party to re- tions, provoked a strong negative reac- build and expand the scope of its activities tion."SSP" in response to the activities of across the country. With the advent of new "provocation" in 1985 Bvjvdamd.(Asrar Ah- and younger leadership at the head of the Pa- mad, June 1997, p. 15). Perhaps the group's kistani Shiites, the religious community, the domestic and foreign circles should be en- group was entering a new phase of its politi- couraged and supported, because of the cal history. "Provocation" which until then movement of Shiite pro-Iranian Islamic Rev- had been limited purpose in its scope, since olution, the Zia government and the 1984, has become a political party was per- countries and America was not pleasant ei- fect. Peak emergence of political power ther. Finally, fanaticism and religious vio- "provocation" in a gathering of hundreds of lence in the dawn of the fifth leader of the thousands of Shiites in Lahore (Pakistan Mi- Tehreek Jafariyeh August 1988, Aref Hos- nar) in the sixth day of July 1987 the graph. seini in Parachinar targeted and eliminated.

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Jafariyeh stimulation after the murder of "Some political work in universities and Arif Hossein again turned to conservatism. introduce them wrong, that political work Conservative new leader (Mr. Sajid Ali is the only university in the election or Naqvi) causes internal divisions in stimulat- non-election, without any analysis of ing and ultimately stimulates divided into non-randomized, with no view of the is- two groups. Now both branches Jafariyeh sues, the students held a banner to be for stimulation (Sajid Ali Naqvi plugs and sock- the benefit of one and the slogan give an- ets Fazel Mousavi) with internal problems other loss. This is not political. Most es- and conflicts within the party and the role of sential political task is to young universi- political activists remain largely powerless. ty students analyze it. " The stimulation of their popularity among the The Shia students in Pakistan in 1972, clergy, especially young priests and the peo- was founded and is the country's largest Shi- ple are lost and restore the current gap in the ite organization. Special importance is be- near time, it does not seem possible. cause of Shiite students in all universities and Jafari movement in order to make funda- colleges in the vast country Pakistan is one of mental changes in the political and social the ideological and political educations of system is willing to fight on two front’s com- young people with the aim of promoting Is- prehensive national anti-colonial and anti- lamic culture and maintains Jafari intellectual dictatorship will be built. The charter says: borders of the training for the Western. At the same time, the struggle against Clergymen and scholars of the Shia then colonialism and internal factors and the rep- are established. The role of the militant cleric resentatives of the supervisor and the rulers Pakistan, Safdar Hussain Najafi and the pres- take profit, but first it is necessary to build the ence of Ali Mousavi were very prominent in most fundamental impact of colonialism, be- the founding of both the martyr and doctor cause colonialism is the source of all evil and Ali Naqvi. darkness (Office stimulate the adoption of ju- The complex system. The organization risprudence Jafariyeh Pakistan, 1987: 21). has several offices. Most large office, or par- liamentary assembly is composed of 19 Shiite Student Organization (Ios): members, scholars and experts covers a va- The social organization is made up of riety of topics. This observation, direct con- Shiite students from different groups tact with the leadership of the Supreme Lead- have been formed. The association of er, but lower than the structure of the student Pakistan, and to disseminate their ideas council. The first factor is the structure of the and are busy recruiting (Mohammadi, parliament. Parliament agent of any State 2 2008: 46).The organization "United Na- (the head of state and representatives) are the tions Shiite students" known and in most main policies of the organizers of the assem- branches and members. These bly are done. In the next stage, with both groups are very active and have a statute units, each university will have at least 15 that does not rely only on Shia (Shafy, members, is one unit. 1987: 167). So far, close to 700 - 600 units of Shiite stu- dents at universities in Pakistan that every unit Hassan Zaidi, head of the Shiite students in has at least 10 members, but there are units Pakistan: whose members come together to 300 people.

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The Role of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in Strengthening …

20-18 thousand students and about 6 thou- and agencies in the context of Pakistan's sand brothers and sisters are students, but the Shiite organization advocates and influenc- student section covers the majority of the ers. Shiite clergy organization-wide com- members with students. munication. The relationship with the Shia The positions of two kinds, domestic and has earned the sympathy of the people. Part international positions. Office agent organi- of the members of the grad- zations such as the Council and General As- uates is intermediaries between the people sembly decisions and positions to be an- and the organization. nounced. The head of the organization with Activities of the organization in positions the help of his cabinet (Central Council) and related developments and political changes Parliament monitor the positions on specific are in accordance with the 22-day war when issues. However, the positions of the public Israel and the Zionist invasion of Gaza by the placed in several ways, one of them monthly very extensive protests held in Pakistan As and quarterly organizations and provinces. well as Qods Day and other occasions, the The ads center on events and happenings, response is timely. after obtaining the positions of chief and oth- In related developments, including war er officials through the press reflects. The protests in Gaza now totally Shia, but other Pakistani government does not allow Shiite groups are relatively liberal who attend these groups in the Kamla azad position to bring programs. awareness. However, the Shiite organization Imam Khomeini, in the Muslim world as as the second largest student organization in our Supreme Leader and the Guardian. We Pakistan is known and so the press is also Imam Khomeini the leader of a country reflected in the positions and views are of a simply do not know, when Imam Khomeini healthy weight. before the revolution in France was attend- The Shia students in Pakistan's minority ed by the delegation of Pakistan to the Shia government and various organizations Imam (Khomeini) had gone and while sup- against the organization, but always atmos- porting the revolutionary movement and pheric, because the organization always ac- the people of their Imam Pakistan were in- tively involved in humanitarian activities on vited to come out, the Imam said, God will- behalf of students or university staff do not ing, this revolution will be victorious and face serious hurdles. Shiite honor student our hearts more closely. Leader also met organization that does not work exclusively several times with members of the organi- in the political sphere and a substantial part zation were in Iran and Pakistan. He had of its activities to humanitarian allocates. visited one of our meetings and said mem- It is nearly four decades in Pakistan and bers are favored. Shiite Student Organiza- the people a special place because it is close tion of Pakistan on the Taliban supreme witness of charitable organizations and is a leader, so the relationship between the leader in the national activities of the organ- leadership and the supreme leader is very ization are mutually the people. On the other strong and robust. hand, members are graduating each year, Relationship with Iran is a Shiite student and after absorption centers and departments organization, usually every year, every year

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International Journal of Political Science, Vol.5, No 9, Spring 2015 several army camps pilgrimage to Iran in the • Strengthen the position of religious Shi- form of student relationships are formed. ites in the Sunni community: After the Islamic Revolution and colo- With the victory of the Islamic Revolution, a nial arrogance attempts to distort the image Shiite autonomous government of Pakistan of the Iranian revolution. They wanted the felt that the rise of Shiite fundamentalism and impression that this is limited to the bor- raising the flag of revolution, their high po- ders of Iran's revolution blind chaos, but tential to support national and international the character of Imam (Khomeini) and the level and in the Sunni society the majority of revolution of Iran was a way to achieve this they depend. It is clear that a strong feeling in was neutral. At present, Iran, Pakistani stu- them, the effort and courage of certain of dents have a good appearance, especially them were Sunni community. since Mr. Ahmadinejad, president of Iran next evolution of Imam Khomeini (ra) was • Strengthen the political position of the born in Pakistan and Iran, once popular Shiites against the Sunnis: among the people and Pakistani students The formation of a Shiite government in rose. Today people are so sincere devotion neighboring Pakistan, clearly suitable to sup- to deny Mr. Ahmadinejad as if he is the port the Government of Pakistan to provide President of Pakistan. some benefits to the Shiite community. The Pakistani people seriously pursue politi- ability of the Islamic Revolution such a pro- cal developments in Iran. Pakistan is the found effect on the Pakistani government that first country to recognize the United Na- their government was the first government to tions and in the context of unrest and war recognize the Islamic Republic of Iran. that Pakistan has been involved with the people of Pakistan have always been pre- • Promote the intellectual and political sent, attachment and passion the people of vision in the young generation Shia: Pakistan to Iran, especially after the victory The intellectual and political vision of the of Islamic Revolution growth has been in- Shiites and Shiites in Pakistan with the young creasing. generation of the Islamic Revolution has Hassan Zaidi believe the revolution deep substantive difference. Shia youth to crossed borders and create a new discourse understand the values of the Islamic Revolu- in Pakistan and Iranian influence not only tion, though incomplete understanding of in Pakistan but also in the Middle East, Af- religious issues and trends of self and society rica, Latin America and other parts of the have become more important. Pakistani na- world can be seen. Of course, this impact tion, especially the Shiites, the concept of was more than Pakistan because of ideolog- values like sacrifice, struggle for freedom and ical and religious affinities (Keyhan, 2009: independence, guardianship, testimony, 12). brooks going oppression, struggle with pas- Developments through the Islamic revo- sions and many other large-scale values and lution in Shiite movement of Pakistan and the real meaning of the journey of Muslim especially the Shiites, who make up 25 per- people and revolutionary Iran have learned cent of the population (Dari, 1385: 35), (the Euphrates, 2002, p. 86 and 87). were established as follows:

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• More organizational Shiite groups: made in April 1979 (Institute of Hossein Before the Islamic Revolution, a Shiite who Qom, 1990, p. 166). lived in poverty and cultural abundance, Aref Hosseini with his death in 1983 was failed to create a single political organization. elected to the leadership of the movement to In the past, political and social activities or- a political party in 1984 and became a full- ganized, they were given less attention. Shia fledged. religious leaders and scholars engaged in sci- Undoubtedly, one of the major causes of entific activities large part, missionary and "carrying Shiite movement, the Islamic revo- actually believe in the "separation of religion lution in Iran which, thanks to the great evo- from politics", and in particular social and lution of Pakistani Shia clerics came to un- political problems of the country's political derstand this sense that in a strong public and authorities, bodies and associations to deal religious organizations, better can achieve the with temporary crisis and problems were desired objectives. formed after inflammation subsides atmos- Although the policies of the "Islamiza- phere, was again the dominant Shia political tion" or better "age of" Zia major role in the stagnation of the religious community. establishment of "inciting Jafariyeh" played, Organizations and associations' rights but the impact of the Iranian revolution in the protection department Pakistani Shia 'and' evolution of this group, and finally, it is a national conference of Pakistani Shiites ", political party and revolutionary and reform- which existed in the past, with limited goals ist (radical) changed, is undeniable. Jafariyeh and was cross-sectional and limited their rai- stimulation leaders, especially Shahid Arif son d’être was to defend against specific Hussain Hosseini, often completely obey the events. Traditional attitudes prevailing in so- leadership of Imam Khomeini (Khomeini) ciety strongly religious Shia political move- and the necessity of obedience and modeling ment was prevented. The main Shiite politi- of the Islamic Revolution back to the fans cal and social demands in the past were lim- and members of her party and openly de- ited to three things: clared that the most important aim of "stimu- 1. Shia Shiite beliefs taught to students lating Jafariyeh" to promote the idea of in public schools; Islamic Revolution Imam Khomeini's leader- 2. The transfer of the Shiite Endowment ship in Pakistan. The leaders of "inciting to them; Jafariyeh" Even the fact of its dissidents, who 3. Protection of mourning Majesty Hos- are accused of incitement to follow Iran, have sein (AS) also kept secret. With the "Islamization" of Pakistan by Jafariyeh stimulation during Aref Hos- General Zia in order to compensate for the seini leadership (1984-1988) won the over- lack of legitimacy, which was considered by whelming majority of Pakistani Shiites gath- Hanafi jurisprudence, Shiites said Allameh ered in its axis and problems of social, eco- Arif Hussain Hosseini, a serious reaction nomic, cultural and studied them and provide against the government and the establishment a solution. Undoubtedly, the Shiite political of "stimulating the adoption of jurisprudence history of Pakistan was the first time that a Jafariyeh "He led by Mufti Jafar Hussain, political party to all the Shiites, the Shiite

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International Journal of Political Science, Vol.5, No 9, Spring 2015 religious aristocracy lived and traditionalists • Increasing the level of Shiite political and against the political opposition and pro- religious views: government conservatives, to prove his dom- Clergy in Pakistan before the Islamic revolu- inance. Traditional texture Shia community tion, without a revolutionary vision, political in Pakistan, which has always been under the and religious. Thanks to the revolution, the influence of big landowners and some non- clergy awoke and Muslim primary education political figures were conservative, has pre- and to promote business involvement in ef- vented the formation of a political party was forts to decentralize political issues. Find dominant religions, but "Jafariye stimulation" keep attention to Islamic rites and com- using religious and political conditions of the mandments of God in the form of more rea- region , which was formed after the Islamic sonable and more realistic than the other pre- revolution, have long believed the traditional cious wealth of the Islamic Revolution. Shiite religious and alter (Arif, 2003,119- Pakistani Shia majority before the Islamic 125). revolution of references to the need to imi- tate, had the least attention among Shiites • Increased attention to the clergy and claim that age, many religious orders and strengthen this institution: those who did not know even the most basic Iran's Islamic revolution the people of Paki- religious duties, discuss the exorbitant We stan, especially the Shiites, and the need to have said. In addition, the performance of follow up on the revolutionary clerics realize. religious ceremonies, unfortunately, before Before the revolution, there was a positive the revolution, the ceremony for the extreme image in the community and the Shia clergy and unprincipled as possible was implement- was aware of his dignity and of the way right ed. After the Islamic Revolution largely fol- direction and staunch and conservative Ghyr- low, the implementation of these services has sazsh to show people, was powerless. There- been better than ever. fore, the Islamic Revolution in determining Find clergy and people's tendency to expand • Strengthen the spirit of solidarity with their influence has been tremendous. Muslims: Several Shia religious centers are in cities; Strengthening the spirit of solidarity with the Including great religious center "Almon- Muslim world and support for liberation tazer" in Lahore, "the prophet" in Islamabad, movements the world against oppression "faith school" and "School of Ha- puppet rulers and global arrogance, another kim" in Rawalpindi, "UlumMshar school" in prominent results reflect the Islamic Republic Hyderabad, "the school of Imam Sadiq of Iran is a Shiite country in terms of style (peace be upon him ) "in Quetta (the Euphra- and performance, significantly different from tes, 2002, p. 177). before the Islamic Revolution (the Euphrates, After the Islamic revolution and with the 2002: 86 and 87). support of the supreme leader and bodies, schools and seminaries of the quality and Conclusion: quantity improvement have been unprece- With the victory of the Islamic Revolu- dented in terms of curriculum, many of tion, a Shiite autonomous government whom operate under the supervision of Qom of Pakistan felt that the flag appeared Seminary. Shiite fundamentalist and attempt to ex-

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port the revolution, the potential for they were gathered, the main reason for this their support domestically and overseas. gathering was the military coup of General The Iranian revolution has affected many Zia ul-Haq and his pro-Islamic slogans em- countries and nations, the effects of the op- phasize that the country will apply only portunities and threats posed to Iran. One of Hanafi jurisprudence stimulate and Shiites the countries that were heavily inspired by protest. The rally, led by Mufti Jafar Hussain the Islamic Revolution of Iran was Pakistan. addition to choosing Solaris, the first steps The people of Pakistan have welcomed with were taken to establish structures in stimulat- open arms from the Islamic Revolution and ing the adoption of Shiite. Their final decla- the Iranian Revolution hosted the Pakistani ration of the Islamic Revolution of Iran con- Shiites were more than any other group. gratulated the people of Imam Khomeini, as Islamic Republic of Iran in the form of leader of all Muslims knew. Due to resolutely self-interest and stimulate Jafariyeh for inter- support Jafariyeh Shiite movement Hezbollah nal cohesion and political - organizational and its supporters in Pakistan and the Islamic Shiites in Pakistan in the first decade of the Republic of Iran has always been the main Islamic Revolution created. objective of sectarianism and its perpetrators. Pakistan's 50-year history has shown that Shiite Student Organization in 1974, So- Pakistani Shias in general, except for the ten- lar, Student Organization Help Shiite clerics dency to identify themselves as Shiites are with followers of Imam Khomeini was estab- not political. Despite the fact that Shiites in lished. The first leader, Mohammad Ali Pakistan independence movement and other Naghavi, and Hassan were Zaydi. Before the political movements and positions of the im- establishment of the institution, Pakistani portance of Pakistan had a hand were also Shiite organization did not have a regular more active, but these individuals rely and student, practice different organizations with non-sectarian tendencies and never had a sec- different goals and objectives were separated, tarian Shiite political recognition. Itself the and the ideology of the eclectic, the com- result of a process of gradual movement munists was secular. With the victory of the Jafariyeh decades that it will be mentioned Islamic Revolution, led by Mufti Jafar briefly. Hussain Pakistani Shiites fighting for their It should be said that one of the main rights began. To follow the movements of the achievements of the revolution in Pakistan on Shiites, the government of Pakistan, in 1980 24 April 1979 established the Shiite move- with the Shiite leader negotiated and agreed ment was the implementation of the organi- upon agreed that the Shiite-based Shiite zation's most important Shiite organization in about charity work, but despite this govern- Pakistan is that its primary purpose is to re- ment Zia larger effort to deal with the wave store the rights of Shiites. Just 70 days after of pro-Islamic Revolution adopted. This par- the establishment of the Islamic Republic on ticular effort to formalize the Shiite Shiites 12 and 13 April 1979, a population of about was combined. Sajid Ali Naghavi of Shiite one hundreds of thousands of Shias across scholars said that people of Pakistan from the Pakistan in convalescent located in Punjab, very beginning of independence the country where the majority of its inhabitants are Shia, had called for the implementation of Islamic

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International Journal of Political Science, Vol.5, No 9, Spring 2015 laws and the Islamic Republic of Iran and Center (P), Office of Political Stud- believed that people came to a head, bill and ies. the US to deal with the Islamic law will for- Farati, Abd al-Wahhab (1998), theoretical eign colonialism. approaches to the Islamic Revolution Islamic Republic of Iran to the Islamic na- (Proceedings), Qom, deputy profes- ture of early victory, one of the main objec- sors and Islamic studies courses. tives of your slogans, Islamic nations are Gardeshi, Hamidreza. (2002), jurisprudence helping the nation on track to achieve a sin- and political legitimacy on the idea gle contract, which in the words of Imam of Imam Khomeini, Second Edition, Khomeini has manifested. With regard to this Tehran, so the provincial Cultural In- mission and taking into account the specific stitute. characteristics of the Pakistan Muslim coun- Institute of martyr Hossein Qom, (1990), tries, neighborhood conditions, the Islamic Yadvareh Allameh Arif Hossein system of government of the country and the Hosseini martyr, Tehran, witnesses. region, a number of scholars familiar with the Jeffry, D, (1987), Department stimulates the personality and thinking Pakistani Islamic adoption of jurisprudence Pakistan, and revolutionary government Imam Kho- the same as the order [for us], La- meini (even before the Islamic Revolution of hore. Iran) and about how best to influence Iran's Khomeini, seyed Roohollah (2006), his scrip- Islamic revolution in Pakistan (especially ture: Collected Works of Imam Islamic movements) paved. Jafariyeh stimu- Khomeini Tehran: The Institute for lation that after seventy days of the Revolu- Compilation and Publication of tion came to power. Iran's Islamic revolution Imam Khomeini's Works (IIS pub- in Shiite belief a kind of internal coherence lishing rise). and if one of the results of this movement Mohammadi, Manochehr. (2011), the global was Jafariyeh. impact of the Islamic Revolution in Tehran, the Islamic Culture and References Thought Research Publications. Amid Zanjani, Abbasali. (1988), Islamic Sahafi, Mohammad. (2001), geopolitical, Revolution and its roots, Tehran, po- cultural and national security issue, litical books. Tehran: Sh. Amraei, Hamzeh. (2003), the Islamic Revo- Taslim Rezakhan. (1998), Ambassador of light, lution and contemporary Islamic Second Edition, Alarf Akydmy, Lahore. movements, Tehran, Islamic Revolu- tion Documents Center. Bulletins and publications: Arefi, Mohammad Akram. (2003), "The Is- Arefi, Mohammad Akram, (fall & winter lamic Movement of Pakistan", Qom 2003), "The Shia Pakistan", Journal of the garden book. Shiite. Dery, F. (2006), "Pakistani Shiites Esposito, Jan.al (1993) War, the fear more massacres", Qom, of political ex- Islamic movements and the new pression, fourth, No. 9.Esrar Ahmad (1997), world order, translation Ziaeebid "Is Islamic parties have failed?” Lahore, hendi, political science, Tehran, Covenant magazine. Keyhan newspaper Imam Sadegh University Research (2009), No. 19356. Mohammadi,

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Manochehr. (Summer 2008), "soft power public of Iran", June 15, No. 16. resources, social capital of the Islamic Re-