Application by the Hungarian Republic for the expansion of Budapests World Heritage Site Editor: Bálint Nagy and Partners
Éva Tétényi Terézváros Program Office of Urban Development Zsófia Burányi, Erzsébet Buzál, László Jeager, András Tasnády
Advisor: János Jelen, Ferenc Németh, Nóra Némethy, Dr. Lia Bassa, Ferenc Bor Szilvia Ódor, Róbert Kuszinger, Ilona Tahi Tóth, Piroska Czétényi
Photographies: István Halas, Péter Tímár, József Hajdú, Zoltán Fábry, Teampannon
Translation: Charles Horton, Csaba Czuczka
Design: István Halas
Published by: György Farkas Terézváros Municipality of Budapest Capital
Supporter: Prof. Dr. Zsolt Visy Managing Director of Secretariat of the Hungarian Committee of the World Heritage 3 Contents
1. Identification of the cultural monument 1.a Country 1.b County 1.c Name of Property 1.d Geographic Location 1.e Map that delineate the borders of the nominated area and including the buffer zone 1.f The size of the nominated area the size of the buffer zone 2. Justification for Inscription 2. a. Significance 2.b. Comparative analysis 2.c. Authenticity / Integrity 2. d. Criteria under which inscription is proposed (and justification for inscription under these criteria) 3. Description 3.a. Description of Property 3.b.History and Development 3.c Form and date of most recent records of site 3.d Present state 3.e Presentation 4. Management 4.a. Owners 4.b. Legal status 4.c Protection rules assisting management and implementation of their application 4.d Managing organizations 4.e Various level of management 4.f Agreed plans related to property 4.g Budget sources 4.h Sources of expertise and training management techniques 4.i Visitor facilities and statistics 4.j. Property management plan and statement of objectives 4.k Personnel conditions of management 5. Factors Affecting the site 5.a Development Pressures 5.b Environmental Pressures 5.c Natural disasters 5.d Tourism Pressures 5.e Population in the area and in the buffer zone 6. Monitoring 6.a Characteristics of the state of protection 6. b Administrative arrangements for monitoring of the site 6.c Results of previous reporting exercises 7. Documentation 7.a Photographs 7.b Copies of plans 7.c Bibliography 7.d Address where inventory and archives are held. 8. Signature on behalf of the State Party
4 Application by the Republic of Hungary for the expansion of the existing Budapest World Heritage Site for the inclusion of Andrássy Avenue and the Underground into the UNESCO World Heritage List
1. Identification of the cultural monument
1.a Country: Republic of Hungary
1.b County: Capital of Hungary
1.c Name of Property: Andrássy Avenue and the Underground
5 6 1.d Geographic Location
Point Nr. 1.: The exact apparent intersection point of the axis of Andrássy Avenue and the contour line of the eastern houses of Bajcsy- Zsilinszky Road is 19° 03 18.4 East - ¦47° 29 59.2 North at deci-secondal precision. Point Nr. 2.: The exact apparent intersection point of the axis of Andrássy Avenue and the contour line of the western houses of Dozsa György Road is 19° 04 36.7 East - ¦47° 30 51.4 North at deci-secondal precision. 1.e Map that delineate the borders of the nominated area and including the buffer zone
1.f The size of the nominated area 51,07 ha the size of the buffer zone: 245,39 ha
7 2. Justification for Inscription
2.a Significance
The proposed extension area of the Andrássy Avenue and the Millenary underground is unique as an entity of harmonious interaction between parkland and a modern urban area all created within an unprecedented short timespan. As a perfect technical solution providing easy and inexpensive access to the parkland for all classes of an emerging modern society.
2.b Comparative analysis
Andrássy Avenues physical features are most obviously comparable to those of the radial avenues of Paris, Washington, D.C. or to the Ringstrasse of Vienna. However, those avenues do not provide a manifestation of the unification of all strata of society nor of the various architectural trends. Moreover along with its unifying nature, its significance can be attributed to the fact that a single stroke of architectural planning transformed a traditional village and medieval town into a modern metropolis. While in all those cases the function of a triumphal gallery of important institutions is identical, the social conception of urban planning differs greatly. Andrássy Avenues function is unique in that from downtown to the City Park the road widens in regular sections, the buildings gradually diminish in height and the continuous row of connected buildings transform into detached villas near the park. Architecturally interesting is also the fact that the two symmetrical squares, the eight-sided Octogon and the round Circus divide the avenue into three distinguished sections. Last but not least, the increasing amount of plantings and the continuous decreasing density of construction guides one smoothly from the built to the natural environment.
The Worlds first underground was put into service in London in 1863. It differed in several ways from the Continents first subway, the Millennial Underground in Budapest, which was first put into motion in 1896. Whereas the trains in Londons Tube were powered by steam, those in Budapests subway where for the first time electronically driven .Other continental subways came two years later in Paris and six years later in Berlin.
2.c Authenticity / Integrity
Since its construction the greatest challenge to the authenticity of the proposed extension area is the actual tear and wear damage caused during the last decade. Whereas conflicts of the last century left the area relatively intact a major and large scale development process may only be kept under control if the consolidation of conservation efforts would balance the transformation.
The only feasible solution to maintain the integrity of the site through consolidating conservation and development is by ensuring the participation of all involved in the planning and implementation of a comprehensive solution needed in a dynamically changing environment.
8 2. d Criteria under which inscription is proposed (and justification for inscription under these criteria)
Criterion Culture (ii)
In the context of painfully protracted cultural and technical development in Central-Eastern Europe the innovative planning and implementation of a unique architectural and technological concept of modern townscape design.
Criterion Culture (iv)
The proposed extension, together with the previously inscribed area, represents as a whole all major historical sources of inspiration for the Hungarian nation, as reflected in the architectural trends, united harmoniously in a dynamic townscape.
Criterion Culture (vi)
The Opera House, the old and the current Music Academy, all built within the proposed extension, are unique artistic and literal homes of the greatest Hungarian musicians: Ferenc Liszt, Bela Bartok and Zoltan Kodaly, to mention just a few, whose contribution to the worlds musical tradition is of outstanding universal significance.
9 Description
3.a Description of Property
Budapests development into a modern metropolis from the middle of the 19th Century opened up great opportunities for large-scale urban planning solutions. The single best example of this urban development is the creation of Andrássy Avenue, a three-lined corridor connecting the crowded downtown with the City Park, Budapests largest parkland area.
Along the length of the avenue lies an outstanding collection of works of historical architecture that has been preserved. Underneath the avenue runs the European continents first underground railway. The avenue is crowned at its end by the monuments celebrating the millennial anniversary of Hungarian statehood.
Beyond the square lies the City Park, which contains landscape gardens, the famed Szechényi Baths, and Vajdahunyad Castle the single remaining structure of the Millennial Exhibition of 1896. The protected area of the extension contains the Citys Synagogue and the cultural district.
10 3.b History and Development
For the purposes of this document the survey of Budapests history will begin at the end of the 17th Century. At this time a wall surrounded the city of Pest and for the most part Germans lived on the flats along the banks of the Danube. The areas just outside of the city were of arable land and contained fruit orchards. By 1699 the citizens, craftsmen for the most part, began to establish suburban communities. From 1730 they began to settle an area then called PacsirtamezQ. In 1777 was renamed Terézváros after Saint Theresa, and in honor of Maria Theresa.
Terézváros s parish church was built from 1801-1809 and by 1805 the current street grid had taken form.
Most of the merchants in the area settled and established themselves along Király Street. At the beginning of the 20th Century the areas of Erzsébetváros and the City Park split off from this district.
In 1841 Lajos Kossuth took up the idea of a large-scale promenade for Terézváros. Its implementation in was not to come for 30 years. With the Union of Pest and Buda in 1873, Budapest truly became the nations capital. Following this the city developed at a faster rhythm than anytime in its past, and by the turn of the century had become a modern metropolis with more than a million inhabitants.
To this day the symbol of this unparalleled development is the radial Andrássy Avenue. Because Budapest had made no efforts at organized urban development since the middle ages, the Hungarian capital needed to make up for this lack in a single great leap in terms of public services, transportation and city planning alike.
To execute this great leap forward a special commission, the Capital Communal Labor Board, was created based on the London Metropolitan Board of Works. This commission planned and partially carried out construction of the avenue, as the modern citys stately promenade, along with the creation of essential infrastructure (transportation and utilities). The commissions establishment - it was appropriately considered as an affair of national significance - was decreed by a national act of law in 1870 and state funds brought about its realization.
The avenues route cut straight through an unregulated suburban area, thereby radically transforming its urban structure. Construction of the road began in 1872, the route was opened in 1876, and by 1885 it had been completely built up: the 131 buildings that stand on it were constructed in under one decade - during a single architectural period. In 1896 a special technological marvel enriched the route, the European continents first underground railway.
The underground starts in the heart of the citys downtown near the banks of the Danube, and runs just beneath the surface for the length of Andrássy Avenue to the City Park as the lungs of City.
11 At this same time the Millennial Exhibition, the celebrations were in Honor of the Hungarian conquests 1000-year anniversary. was organized, which brought about the erection of the Memorial at Heros Square between 1894 and 1906. development and extension into a planned landscape garden, and the development of the Széchenyi Baths as an outstanding establishment for spa culture. Of particular interest and also built for the Exhibition was the Vajdahunyad Castle, which displayed elements from all the different periods of Hungarian architecture. The subways construction was justified as part of the citys preparations for the Millennial Exhibition in 1896.
In addition to these facts, the European continents first underground railway was built below the avenue. The plans for the underground were initiated in 1893 and later in less than twenty months the firm of Siemens and Halske built it with the best of the ages technology. Even today the stations preserve the historicizing features from their time of construction.
3.c Form and date of most recent records of site
-The value-cadaster of Andrássy Avenue made in 1993.
-Inventory of building ownership of Andrássy Avenue (2000 , continuously registering by the Office of Local Government)
-Inventory of Andrássy Avenues historic preservation status
12 3.d Present state
Andrássy Avenue has preserved its original dimensions of width and length and has retained its plantings as well as the front yards of the row of villas. In addition, thanks to earlier measures for protection most of the original buildings remain. The alterations that have occurred have taken place for the most part in the area of the villas, but on the other hand the streetscape of the inner section has remained amazingly intact. Even 20th Century modernism respected this unparalleled unity of Neo-renaissance structures. Condition of the collection of buildings over 100 years old is rapidly deteriorating.
Wood framed roofs are subject to damage by fungus and rot, the flag stone balconies in the courtyards are suffering damage due to use, steel framing is corroding, mechanical systems are obsolete and the street plantings are aging. In particular, the facades are damaged by pollution and the owners have often altered the storefronts.
The Millennium Underground was placed under legal the preservation in 1997. It has been modernized and renovated twice, so that only those stations in the section under Andrássy Avenue can be found in their original condition. The stations in the City Park were originally above ground, but they too have now been put under the surface. In 1995, during the Millecentenarium the Underground and Andrássy Avenue were completely renovated. Bronze plaques were placed in the sidewalk, which relate stories of buildings-history.
13 3.e Presentation
For the sake of sustainable growth, the development pressures that have come to bear on Andrássy Avenue must be managed in such a way to assure the retention of its unique character for future generations. If not properly taken into consideration the effects of increased tourism, greater investment and higher appraisal values could damage the historic character of the unique architectural collection along the avenue, its greenery, public spaces and transportation systems.
City Marketing
The Terézváros Urban Development Program office is working on bringing together interested parties for the sake of developing the areas value. Every year they hold and exhibition and produce a publication in connection with the Districts annual festival in October and the Terézváros Cultural Day in May. The income from the publication goes into the Environmental Protection Fund of the District.
Special Activities
The local newspaper string of pearls initiated a series of important renovations of interior courtyards. A series of presentations on the area are being held for students in the local schools. There is a continuous exhibition of the Districts medium term plan at the Mayors Office Properties being restored or renovated on Andrássy Avenue often display the contemporary plans. The Budapest Technical Universitys architectural department with the cooperation of the architectural faculty of Saint Stevens University began a program of surveying the areas buildings in the year 2000. An urban anthropological study was begun on the area in 2000 and its results should be ready in 2001. In honor of the Millennium, a tablet on the avenues history is being prepared.
14 4. Management
4.a Owners
Because of the economic transformations in Hungary in recent years, nearly every type of property ownership may be found within the proposed World Heritage site.
International diplomatic rules are in effect for the foreign embassies along the avenue. Under state ownership are properties managed by important national institutes, agencies, and other governmental organs, as well as those properties not sold in the course of the privatization process. The Budapest city government controls the public spaces, roads, and instruments of public transportation, as well as tunnels, parks, plantings and individual buildings. Since the political transformation, local district governments control certain former state owned properties they have bought in whole or in part. Buildings owned entirely by the local district governments include, institutes, historic properties and development zones. Buildings of mixed ownership include houses and condominiums where the ownership is shared between two or more of the following: the resident community, local government, renters or private owners. Entirely privately owned buildings are the property of private individuals or companies. Church owned properties were returned by the state after the political transformation.
Appendix I. Inventory of building ownership on Andrássy Avenue including indications for government holdings and owner representatives.
4.b Legal status
Budapests administrative are is split into 23 districts,each with their own local governmental authority.
The local governments affected by the proposed World Heritage site are: 5th District Downtown Two stations of the Underground extend into its territory. This District is also part of the current Danube Panorama Downtown World Heritage Site.
6th District Terézváros The entire length of Andrássy Avenue cuts through this District, and the buffer zones highlighted cultural quarter is also found here.
7th District Erzsébetváros The buffer zones highlighted synagogue district is located here.
14th District Zugló The City Park and the Millennial Monument in Heroes Square, City Park as well as the last stop of the Underground.
15 Appendix II. Andrássy Avenues historic preservation status.
According to amendments to the 83/1992.(V.14.) Governmental Decree and the National Historic Preservation Advisory Boards 1/1967.(I.31.)ÉM. Decree, section 6, paragraph (2), Andrássy Avenue is a designated protected historic environment on the basis of the 7759/1977 Resolution. This status was strengthened and expanded by the 1997 law.
Appendix III. List of historic monuments in Andrássy avenue
4.c Protection rules assisting management and implementation of their application
Andrássy Avenue has been protected by building regulations since the end of the 19th Century and today receives special protection for its historical resources from the nation, city and district. Placement on the World Heritage List would ensure the highest level of protection for the future. This would aid in the rehabilitation and development of properties and public spaces, while helping to avoid the problems of uncontrolled development, such as improper signage and unhistorical alterations to the buildings. On the basis of the existing laws, Andrássy Avenues status as a protected historic environment is secured. The basis of historic preservation on a national level is the 1997. LIV. law, along with the regulations about its administration in the realms of the registration of historic properties and the protection of the properties and their surrounding historic environments.
Appendix IV. 1997. LIV. law, along with the regulations about its administration in the realms of the registration of historic properties and the protection of the properties and their surrounding historic environments.
The Budapest City General Assembly in its 46/1998(X.15.) Governmental Decree ratified the basis of the citys outline plan. In addition, Terézváros local governmental representative body, in accordance with the 47/1998(X.15.) Governmental Decree prepared on the basis of the Budapest Urban Planning and Construction Regulatory Framework, has on December 19 2000 ratified the Terézváros District Urban Planning and Construction Regulations, which will take effect on January 1 2001 and lays down the background support for these laws.
Appendix V. Governmental Decree prepared on the basis of the Budapest Urban Planning and Construction Regulatory Framework
Budapests Terézváros District governments Committee of Representatives has ordered local protection through building codes stated in its 25/1996.(IX.17.) Decree, and from January 1st 2001 urban planning and building codes specifically pertaining to Andrássy Avenue and its surrounding environment. Appendix VI. 40/2000 (XII.20.) local protection
Unlawful encroachment upon protected properties is judged on an individual basis by the National Bureau for Historic Preservation, Budapests head architect or the Districts planning board. The 40/1999.(IV.23.)FVM. Decree ensures the lawful proceedings.
16 The Hungarian National Heritage Commission, in their session on May 8th 1990, declared Andrássy Avenue part of the National Heritage.
The methods of bringing interested parties into the decision making process include, distribution of plan outlines, written calls for opinions, resident forums, conciliatory negotiations, and public disclosure.
Execution
The local governmental authority is responsible for performing the administrative duties connected with the laws included in this plan. The tools at their disposal include the provision or denial of permits for construction, stabilization, demolition, etc. As well as the power of inspection for compliance and to the extent it is necessary carrying out punitive proceedings. The laws that are in effect regulate the construction work that requires permitting in addition to that which does not.
Construction matters within the affected zone are first subject to the highest degree of authority from the Building and Construction branch of the Mayors Office. Then, when justified, the National Bureau for Historic Preservation is authorized to give its professional opinion. For those buildings that are individually protected under the historic preservation laws, these proceedings occur in the reverse order.
In the year of 2000. of the Environmental Protection Program has implemented its action plan with the purpose of the VI. district with the purpose of improving the environmental quality in the area. In the basic part of the work called Environmental Condition Measurement examinations were have done on the Andrássy avenue and in the surroundings.
Professional Supervision
Plans are reported on by the National Bureau of Historic Preservations Planning Board, the Budapest City Head Architects Planning Board and in the case of urban landscape, the Budapest Asset Protection Department, as well as by the Local Government Head Architects Resettlement and Construction Planning Board.
4.d Managing organizations
The varied ownership situation of many buildings and the many layered decision-making process results in the necessity of coordination between the many parties.
The Urban Development Program Board of the Terézváros District Governments Mayors Office will see to this work.
1067 Budapest, Eötvös u. 3 Telephone/ Fax: 36-1-351-7968 Responsible Individuals: György Farkas, Mayor Éva Tétényi, Chief Architect
17 4.e Various level of management
Creation of Ordinances Resolutions and ordinances in effect in a locality must be in compliance with laws of higher authorities and must have the consent of the areas local government body of representatives.
The localitys impending regulatory plans must go through an evaluation process including affected professional authorities, Budapests local government, the Central Hungary Region Head Architects Office, residents and interested civic organizations. The zoning plan that determines medium term developments must also report to the Agriculture and Rural Development Ministry in addition to the groups listed above.
4.f Agreed plans related to property
Development plans
The primary goal of the medium range development plan is for the complete restoration and modernization of buildings along Andrássy Avenue. In the inner section of the avenue the buildings are occupied for the most part by offices, banks, commercial tourism agencies, as well as cultural institutes. In the middle section there are many apartment houses that need renewal to re-introduce middle class residents. The villas of the outer section are private residences or occupied by embassies for the most part. The retention of residents and the development of plantings are current goals. In the Underground, the preservation of the original stations and the maintenance of safe public transportation are important.
18 Area of the Buffer Zone In the area of the Pesti Broadway cultural district commercial development and the concentration of financial institutions is anticipated. The rehabilitation of public spaces and the solving of transportation problems are needed in this area. The development of Király Street and the Gozsdu Court are expected, as well as the extension of the Madách esplanade in the synagogue district.
Appendix VII. Development Plans in Area of Andrássy Avenue
Tourism
Tourism development must be coordinated with the following: for the long term, the national Széchenyi plan; for the medium term the Central Hungarian medium range regional plan; and for the short term the Budapest city short range development plan. The national Széchenyi plans tourist development program regional goal are concerned with specific areas of the development of tourism in the proposed World Heritage site: Development of urban tourism - the utilization of the areas existing architectural monuments that date from the turn of the century, the preparation of foreign language publications, and the development of qualified guides. Further development of the tourist information system - the development of the on-line tourinform network, expansion of tourist information on the Internet, and the opening of tourist information centers. development of cultural tourism in the Pesti Broadway
19 4.g Budget sources
Financing Residential Buildings The condition of the collection of buildings over 100 years old is rapidly deteriorating. To solve these problems funding is needed. First and foremost the local financial resources must be exploited, this may be supplemented by international funding sources such as the EU and Phare. National grants offer the opportunity to fund research and inspections of historic properties and in extraordinary situations may provide further support.
These sources include, the National Heritage Fund grant program, the National Cultural Heritage Ministry Millennium grants, and National Bureau of Historic Preservation grants and support. The Budapest city grant programs are designed to aid the resident communities of condominiums, support of urban rehabilitation action zones, and provide interest-free mortgage loans. On October 29, 2000 the inner area of Terézváros was named a highlighted urban rehabilitation action zone.
The District government may provide money or interest-free loans for the modernization of condominiums. Property developers and investors provide private funding for renovation of historic buildings, particularly in the case of adaptive re-use.
Often former apartments are converted into office space, but in the impending regulatory plans the rehabilitation of middle-class apartments is preferred.
20 The conversion of attics to living space provides the opportunity for technical improvements to the properties. Because of increased interest by investors, new financial sources are expected. April 26, 2000 Investors day at the Podmaniczky Mansion August, 2000 - Real Estate Expo 2000 Conference and Exhibition
Plantings
There are obligations for the upkeep of front yards and street plantings along the avenue are protected. The Terézváros District Government provides financial support for the development of the interior courtyards, green spaces, and flower plantings and for the protection of wild buckeye-chestnut trees. In addition to this money paid into the district special.
Environmental Protection Fund is usable exclusively for the development of public spaces and plantings. Investors in this fund can mark their donations to be used for specific goals.
Public Spaces
The Strategic Development Fund is designed to aid the district governments in the development of infrastructure. In the buffer zone Terézváros and Erzsébetváros are working together for the rehabilitation of the public spaces on Király Street. Budapest City has financed the rehabilitation of parts of Nagymezõ Street. Organizational plans are being prepared for the area in front of the Opera House.
Public Institutions
Maintenance of monuments and public institutions is the responsibility of their owners.
Special Sources
The future renovation expenditures are estimated to be at greater than 33 million dollars. Special governmental support may be launched to help cover these costs. The inherent advantages of the areas development must be utilized of for the achievement of its goals.
The Pesti Broadway is planning the introduction of a trademark program in 2001. The resources accumulated by this program will be used exclusively for the areas cultural development.
21 4.h Sources of expertise and training management techniques
The responsible local governments and organizations in the area of Budapests Andrássy Avenue and the Millennium Underground are committed to working together for the sake of preserving the sites unique and outstanding universal value.
Declaration about the cooperation (Cooperative Declaration)
The Ministry of the Cultural Heritage of the Hungarian Republic requests the Committee of UNESCO World Heritage to extend the Danube banks world heritage region of Budapest inner town. The areas of development are the line of Millenium Underground, the Andrássy avenue including the Millennial Monument on Heroes square and the Vajdahunyad Castle. The buffer zone, the leading and protective territories are the Synagogue quarter, the Broadway cultural quarter of Pest as well as the whole territory of the City Park.
The representative of the local corporation declares to cooperate with the local Communities in the interest of the protection of the universal and individual values on the indicated region for World Heritage and in the buffer zone and gives professional help in developing plans just as assists in the coordination of realization. Foundations, functioning on national and international level: Korzó 2000 Foundation Reference: the realization of rehabilitation of the Váci street
The House of Architecture Foundation Working on the protection of cultural heritages and historic monuments
Professional society significant in Budapest: The local representative of the Town-protection Society of Budapest
Local civil societies: In the VI. district: Terézvárosért Society Their aim is the development of the VI. district, with special regard for the preservation of the tradition values and develop up-to-date environment suitable for the inner town character
In the VII. district: Civil Corporation The representative of the middle-hungarian regions common-house community
Hermina Society
Broadway Society Independent nonprofit professional and social organization including private persons and local corporations with the purpose of realization of the Broadway cultural, entertaining and catering quarter on a high level
The three prominent and national-significant cultural institutes: The Opera-house of the Hungarian State The Hungarian University of Fine Arts The Academy of Music Appendix VIII. The declaration of selected civic organizations working in the area
22 4.i Visitor facilities and statistics
Lodging and Tourism
Comparing the numbers of total tourist nights spent in hotels with the numbers of nights spent at other accommodations in Budapest it turns out that the earlier remained almost constant during the period from 1980 to 1998 while the latter one reduced radically to its one third. The occupancy rate of the hotel rooms remained the same. It can be considered that the number of foreign tourist stayed in the hotels of Budapest overrides the number of domestic hotel guests. According to the data of 1998, 1542394 tourists spent their nights in Budapest hotels of which 1340308 arrived from abroad and stayed 2.5 nights at average. The most of them came from Germany. The hotels located in the 6th district have good capacity and occupancy rates comparing with other districts. (2170 bed-places taken by 143412 guests of which 121265 were foreign visitors.) The peak season of the guest turnover falls to the summer months and the occupancy of this period is three times higher than at wintertime. The favorite places foreign guests explore are mostly cultural places like the Hungarian State Opera or local entertainment areas like Broadway district and Liszt Ferenc Place.
The bulk of the tourist facilities, including hotels and restaurants are located in the interior section of the avenue, near the downtown. The development of greater hotel capacity is gradually occurring. High quality lodging is found at the Ritz Hotel in the Dreschler Palace.
Medium quality lodging exists on Ó Street number 24-26, and inexpensive lodging for youth tourism is at number 20 Király Street. With the enactment of the program in 1995 of the inner area of Terézváros has been designated the Pest Broadway cultural district. This programs goal is to develop the area into a metropolitan entertainment and cultural district and therefore the proposed World Heritage site buffer zone would be suitable for drawing and providing information for tourists. In the area of the City Park the following tourist attractions exist, the Zoo, the Botanical Gardens, the Amusement Park, the Transportation Museum, the Circus, the Skating Rink, the Gundel Restaurant, etc.
23 4.j Property management plan and statement of objectives
The goal of the management plan is to bring together and show: the process of research and protection, the establishment of financial support, the existence of sustainable development tools, the record of further provisions of the decision making process, the future aims of the medium and long range plans, and the realization of the short term plan of action. We must ensure the continuation of financial support for planning, maintenance, and documentation, and also create a database to aid in the management of these funds. We must also name the specific individuals in charge of carrying out these assignments. These people will work with interested private parties to bring about the formation of a marketing plan and the creation of necessary funding for preservation and sustainable development.
Objective 1. The compiled development plans stressed assignment is the renovation of the buildings on the Kodály Circus date of beginning: October 2000 date of finishing: from August 2001 to September 2003 Financing: 88-90 Andrássy Avenue by The State Government 92-94 Andrássy Avenue by society of residential building 83-85 Andrássy Avenue by local government 87-89 Andrássy Avenue by local government Sum: 2000 million HUF
Objective 2. Preparation of the rehabilitation development plans in the buffer zone of the cultural quarter
Date of beginning: January 2001 Date of finishing: May 2001 Financing: by local Government Sum: 8 million HUF
Objective 3. Rehabilitation plan for the surroundings of the Opera-house Date of beginning: November 2000 Date of finishing: January 2001 Financing: Budapest Urban Planning Department Sum: 8 million HUF
24 Objective 4. Rehabilitation plan for Király street in the buffer zone of the Synagogue quarter Date of beginning: October 2000 Date of finishing: February 2001 Financing: local Government of VI. district and local Government of VII. district Sum: 12 million HUF
Objective 5. Realization of rehabilitation plan for Király street in the buffer zone of the Synagogue quarter Date of beginning: June 2001 Date of finishing: May 2002 Financing: local Government of VI. district, local Government of VII. district and the Budapest Strategic Found Sum: 300 million HUF
Objective 6. Establishment of the Millennium Fountain in the Hajós street Date of beginning: January 2001 Date of finishing: March 2001 Financing: local Government of VI. district Sum: 5 million HUF
Objective 7. Free of charge financial support for residential buildings for building rehabilitation continuous Financing: local Government of VI. district Sum: 100 million HUF
Objective 8. Greenery development grants Continuous free of charge financial support for residential buildings Financing: local Government of VI. district Sum: 5 million HUF
Objective 9. Support for flower plantings in the region of the VI. district Continuous free of charge financial support for residential buildings Financing: local Government of VI. district Sum: 5 million HUF
25 Objective 10. Terézváros monograph and exhibition of the monograph Date of beginning: January 2000 Date of finishing: October 2000 Financing: local Government of VI. district Sum: 3 million HUF
Objective 11. Publication of the Epreskert history monograph in the buffer zone Date of beginning: January 2000 Date of finishing: May 2001 Financing: local Government of VI. district Sum: 3 million HUF
4.k Personnel conditions of management
From January 1st 2001, there will be an independent officer in place for dealing with the issues involved with Andrássy Avenue working in the office of the urban development program, under the guidance of the district s head architect. Dr Emõke Paor
Special Organizations
The Budapest Urban Preservation Society has its headquarters in the 6th District, next to Andrássy Avenue. The society has already helped to a great extent with the collection of data and photos, the care of memorial tablets and the organizing of exhibitions. They have semi-annual exhibitions where the Districts development plan is presented. They are also working on the actualization plans for a local history museum in the Postal Museum. The Broadway Society is a civic organization of entrepreneurs, which supports the areas development, the drafting of plans, the operation of a tourist Internet website, and other services for the safety and beauty of the avenue. The Budapest Gallery extends aid for the cleaning and restoration of statues in public spaces. In 2000 they completed a project on four statues in the Kodály Circus.
26 5. Factors Affecting the site
5.a Development Pressures
Transportation
Though public transportation is excellent for the entire length of the avenue, including the Underground as well as bus service, the need for parking may increase, as there are opportunities for four underground garages in the area. The City Park is periodically temporarily closed to traffic.
A pressure to expand housing capacity through the establishment of attic apartments which may drastically endanger the authenticity of the area.
A threat to the balance of commercial (banks) and residential entities, which may result in the temporary evacuation of the avenue.
The lines of trees and the forecourts of the Andrássy avenue though helpful are not enough for the proper reduction of the very high noise level.
5.b Environmental Pressures
The measurement of the air quality - examination the level of the soiling gases, the dust, lead and cadmium level in the air - proved that in the so much soiled VI. district the Andrássy avenue was one of those places where the air quality fulfilled the requirements of the regulations. This results due to the excellent of the avenue, the green surface and the green- corridor effect.
5.c Natural disasters
In the case of natural disasters the local Civil Protection Detachment takes action to limit the damage to the area and ensures the evacuation of the population. The Detachment carries out periodically a risk analysis for each type of natural disasters has developed prevent measures and a specific course of action should disaster arise.
5.d Tourism Pressures
The present and prospected tourist interest involves the increase of bed-places. (The capacity of hotels have to be enlarged.)
5.e Population in the area 8 000 p in buffer zone 33 000 p
27 The population of Budapest is considered to be permanent contrasted with the population of the 6th district which is decreasing. However the population per square km in 1999 is high compared with the other districts. 33 000 residents live in the puffer area, the 8 000 remaining in the core (in the outlined area).
6. Monitoring
6.a Characteristics of the state of protection
Population, density of population, stock of dwellings, inhabitant density within dwellings, local transport network, pollution, etc...
6. b Administrative arrangements for monitoring of the site
Periodic Revision of Management Plan Those buildings which construction has been modified require periodical revision as well as statical and conservation research. Long Term Plans The documents that make the foundation for the national and regional development plans must be reviewed every 10-15 years. The strategic plans stick to the main policy. Medium Term Plans Budapest and its districts form ideas for the medium range plans every 5-10 years. Any change in the management plans development concepts, tools and organizational systems or modifications to existing laws may justify earlier review. Short Term Plans Short-range plans should be reviewed and adjusted according to governmental terms and therefore can last from 3-5 years. The budgets monetary support must be assured at the time of planning.
For placement of objects in public spaces it is necessary to follow the rulings of the Budapest City Urban Landscape Protection Commission and of the Property Commission. Periodic revision of the buildings
6.Results of previous reporting exercises
In 1993 the Urban Landscape Protection Commission completed the value-cadaster of Andrássy Avenue which contains the legal status of the buildings and their present condition. On the basis of this it can be considered that buildings managed with the support of the financial sphere revived their conditions, while without this kind of help houses depreciated and started to run down.
The population by age-groups research made in 2000 points out that the number of elderly people increased.
The N&n architectural office has run a green surface research project in the 6th district from 1999 August to 2000 March and on the basis of this rapid green surface enlargements and reconstructions has started to take effect.
28 7. Documentation
7.a Photographs
7.b Copies of plans
7.c Bibliography
7.d Address where inventory and archives are held.
8. Signature on behalf of the State Party
Appendix I. Inventory of building ownership on Andrássy Avenue Appendix II. Andrássy Avenues historic preservation status. Appendix III.. List of historic monuments in Andrássy avenue Appendix IV. 1997. LIV. law, along with the regulations about its administration in the realms of the registration of historic properties and the protection of the properties and their surrounding historic environments. Appendix V. Governmental Decree prepared on the basis of the Budapest Urban Planning and Construction Regulatory Framework Appendix VI. 40/2000 (XII.20.) local protection Appendix VII. Development Plans in Area of Andrássy Avenue Appendix VIII. The declaration of selected institutes and civic organizations working in the area
29 30 Appendix I. Inventory of building ownership on Andrássy Avenue including indications for government holdings and owner representatives.
31 32 33 34 35 36 Appendix II. Andrássy Avenue's historic preservation status.
37 38 39 40 Appendix III.. List of historic monuments in Andrássy avenue
41 42 43 44 Appendix IV. 1997. LIV. law, along with the regulations about its administration in the realms of the registration of historic properties and the protection of the properties and their surrounding historic environments.
45 46 47 48 Appendix V. Governmental Decree prepared on the basis of the Budapest Urban Planning and Construction Regulatory Framework
49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 Appendix VI. 40/2000 (XII.20.) local protection
69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 Appendix VII. Development Plans in Area of Andrássy Avenue
79 80 81 82 Appendix VIII. The declaration of selected institutes and civic organizations working in the area
83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 Appendix IX. The original record containing the coordinates of the axis of Andrássy Avenue by the Institute of Geodesy, Carthography and Remote Sensing
91 92 illustrations 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111