SOUTH AFRICA YEARBOOK 2012/13

Governmen Government

System is a constitutional democracy with a three-tier system of government and an inde- pendent judiciary. The national, provincial and local levels of government all have legislative Governmen and executive authority in their own spheres, and are defined in the Constitution as “distinct- ive, interdependent and interrelated”. Operating at both national and provincial levels are advisory bodies drawn from South Africa’s traditional leaders. It is a stated inten- tion in the Constitution that the country be run on a system of cooperative governance. Government is committed to the building of a free, non-racial, non-sexist, democratic, united and successful South Africa. The outcomes-based approach, which started in 2010, is embedded in and a direct result of the electoral mandate. Five priority areas have been identified: decent work and sustainable livelihoods; education; health; rural development; food security and land reform; and the fight against crime and corruption. These have been translated into the follow- ing 12 outcomes to create a better life for all: • better quality basic education • a long and healthy life for all South Africans • all South Africans should be safe and feel safe • decent employment through inclusive growth • a skilled and capable workforce to support an inclusive growth path • an efficient, competitive and responsive eco- nomic infrastructure network • vibrant, equitable and sustainable rural com- munities with food security for all • sustainable human settlements and an improved quality of household life • a responsive, accountable, effective and effi- cient local government system • environmental assets and natural resources that are well protected and enhanced • a better Africa and a better world as a result of South Africa’s contributions to global rela- tions • an efficient and development-oriented public service and an empowered, fair and inclusive citizenship.

286 South Africa Yearbook 2012/13

Based on the outcomes and targets, President The Presidency, November 2012 signed performance agreements with all ministers. The outcomes are reviewed President Jacob Zuma by Cabinet and are open to public scrutiny as Deputy President part of government’s commitment to be trans- parent and accountable for service delivery. Fundamental rights The Constitution The fundamental rights contained in Chapter 2 South Africa’s Constitution is one of the most of the Constitution seek to protect the rights progressive in the world and enjoys high and freedom of individuals. The Constitutional acclaim internationally. Human rights are given Court guards these rights and determines clear prominence in the Constitution. whether actions by the state are in accordance The Constitution of the Republic of South with constitutional provisions. Africa, 1996 was approved by the Constitu- tional Court on 4 December 1996 and took Government effect on 4 February 1997. Government consists of national, provincial The Constitution is the supreme law of the and local spheres, which are distinctive, inter- land. No other law or government action can dependent and interrelated. The powers of the supersede the provisions of the Constitution. law-makers (legislative authorities), govern- ment (executive authorities) and courts (judi- The Preamble cial authorities) are separate from one another. The Preamble states that the Constitution aims to: Parliament • heal the divisions of the past and establish a Parliament is the legislative authority of South society based on democratic values, social Africa and has the power to make laws for the justice and fundamental human rights country in accordance with the Constitution. • improve the quality of life of all citizens and It consists of the National Assembly and free the potential of each person the National Council of Provinces (NCOP). • lay the foundations for a democratic and Parliamentary sittings are open to the public. open society in which government is based Since the establishment of Parliament in 1994, on the will of the people, and in which every a number of steps have been taken to make it citizen is equally protected by law more accessible and to motivate and facilitate • build a united and democratic South Africa public parti­cipation in the legislative process. that is able to take its rightful place as a sov- The website www.parliament.gov.za encour- ereign state in the family of nations. ages comment and feedback from the public.

Founding provisions National Assembly South Africa is a sovereign and democratic The National Assembly is elected to represent state founded on the following values: the people and to ensure democratic govern- • human dignity, the achievement of equality ance as required by the Constitution. It does and the advancement of human rights and this by electing the President, providing a freedom national forum for public consideration of • non-racialism and non-sexism issues, passing legislation and scrutinising and • supremacy of the Constitution overseeing executive action. • universal adult suffrage, a national common The National Assembly consists of no fewer voters’ roll, regular elections and a multiparty than 350 and no more than 400 members system of democratic government to ensure elected through a system of proportional rep- accountability, responsiveness and openness. resentation.

287 Government system

The National Assembly, which is elected for • Finance a term of five years, is presided over by the • Human Settlements speaker, assisted by the deputy speaker. • Public Works • The Presidency: National Planning Commis- National Council of Provinces (NCOP) sion The NCOP consists of 54 permanent mem- • Water and Environmental Affairs. bers and 36 special delegates, and aims to represent provincial interests in the national Economic Sectors and Employment sphere of government. Delegations consist of Cluster 10 represen­tatives from each province. The • Rural Development and Land Reform (Chair) NCOP must have a mandate from the prov- • Science and Technology (Deputy Chair) inces before it can make certain decisions. • Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries It cannot, however, initiate a Bill concerning • Communications money, which is the prerogative of the Minister • Economic Development of Finance. • Finance NCOP Online (www.parliament.gov.za/ncop) • Higher Education and Training links Parliament to the provincial legislatures • Labour and local government associations. It provides • Mineral Resources information on draft legislation and allows the • Public Enterprises public to make electronic submissions. The • Tourism NCOP came into existence in February 1997. • Trade and Industry.

Government clusters Governance and Administration Cluster Clusters were established to foster an inte- • Home Affairs (Chair) grated approach to governance that is aimed • Public Service and Administration (Deputy at improving government’s planning, deci- Chair) sion-making and service delivery. The main • Cooperative Governance and Traditional objective is to ensure proper coordination of Affairs all government programmes at national and • Justice and Constitutional Development provincial levels. • Finance The main functions of clusters are to ensure • The Presidency: Performance Monitoring, alignment of government-wide priorities, facil- Evaluation and Administration. itate and monitor the implementation of prior- ity programmes, and provide a consultative Human Development Cluster platform on cross-cutting priorities and matters • Basic Education (Chair) being taken to Cabinet. • Health (Deputy chair) The clusters function at different levels, • Arts and Culture namely ministerial, directors-general and com- • Higher Education and Training munication clusters. There are seven clusters. • Labour • Science and Technology Infrastructure Development Cluster • Sport and Recreation. • Transport (Chair) • Public Enterprises (Deputy Chair) Social Protection and Community Devel- • Communications opment Cluster • Cooperative Governance and Traditional • Social Development (Chair) Affairs • Public Works (Deputy Chair) • Economic Development • Cooperative Governance and Traditional • Energy Affairs

288 South Africa Yearbook 2012/13

Cabinet ministers and deputy ministers, as at June 2012

Portfolio Minister Deputy Minister Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Tina Joemat-Pettersson Pieter Mulder

Arts and Culture Paul Mashatile Joe Phaahla

Basic Education Enver Surty

Communications Dina Pule Stella Ndabeni

Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs Richard Baloyi Yunus Carrim

Correctional Services Sibusiso Ndebele Ngoako Ramathlodi

Defence and Military Veterans Nosiviwe Mapisa-Nqakula Thabang Makwetla

Economic Development Hlengiwe Mkhize

Energy Barbara Thompson

Finance Health Gwen Ramokgopa

Higher Education and Training Mduduzi Manana

Home Affairs Fatima Chohan

Human Settlements Zoliswa Kota-Fredericks

International Relations and Cooperation Maite Nkoana-Mashabane Marius Fransman Ebrahim Ebrahim

Justice and Constitutional Development Andries Nel

Labour Mildred Oliphant -

Mineral Resources Godfrey Oliphant

Police Makhotso Sotyu Public Enterprises Gratitude Magwanishe

Public Service and Administration

Public Works Thembelani Nxesi Jeremy Cronin

Rural Development and Land Reform Solomon Tsenoli

Science and Technology -

Social Development Maria Ntuli

Sport and Recreation Gert Oosthuizen

State Security -

The Presidency: - National Planning Commission

The Presidency: Obed Bapela Performance Monitoring, Evaluation and Administration

Tourism Thokozile Xasa

Trade and Industry Elizabeth Thabethe Thandi Tobias-Pokolo

Transport Ben Martins Sindisiwe Chikunga

Water and Environmental Affairs Rejoice Mabudafhasi

Women, Children and People with Disabilities Lulu Xingwana Hendrietta Bogopane-Zulu

289 Government system

• Environmental and Water Affairs approved the first annual National Evaluation • Human Settlements Plan, under which the following evaluations will • Labour be undertaken over the next year: • Rural Development and Land Reform • National School Nutrition Programme and • Transport Grade R under the Department of Basic • Women, Youth, Children and People with Education Disabilities. • Integrated Nutrition Programme under the Department of Health International Cooperation, Trade and • Comprehensive Rural Development Pro- Security Cluster gramme and Land Reform Recapitalisation • Defence and Military Veterans (Chair) and Development Programme under the • International Relations and Cooperation Department of Rural Development and Land (Deputy Chair) Reform • Finance • Business Process Services Incentives Scheme • Trade and Industry under the Department of Trade and Industry • Tourism • Integrated Residential Development Pro- • Rural Development and Land Reform gramme and Urban Settlements Develop- • Water and Environmental Affairs. ment Grant under the Department of Human Settlements. Justice, Crime Prevention and Security Cluster Management performance assessment • Justice and Constitutional Development The Department of Performance Monitoring, (Chair) Evaluation and Administration, and the offices • Police (Deputy Chair) of the premiers were mandated by Cabinet in • Correctional Services 2011 to implement annual management per- • Defence and Military Veterans formance assessments for all national and • Home Affairs provincial departments. In 2011/12, 103 • State Security. national and provincial departments com- pleted these assessments. Cabinet has further Monitoring and evaluation approved amendments to the Performance As part of assessing government’s efforts to Management and Development System, create a better life for all, Cabinet approved according to which all heads of departments proposals for a 20-year review that will evalu- enter into performance agreements and are ate progress towards a democratic, non-racial assessed every year. and non-sexist South Africa, socio-economic Management areas identified for improve- development, and a review of government ment include supply chain management, infor- programmes. The review will build on existing mation technology (IT) governance, human research, and will be overseen by an Intermin- resource management, and monitoring and isterial Committee led by the Minister in The evaluation. Pockets of excellence in some Presidency, Mr Collins Chabane. An academic management areas have been identified and reference group will be established to ensure will be used as best-practice case studies to be the review is rigorous and is expected to be shared throughout government. completed by the end of 2013. In November 2011, Cabinet approved the Law-making National Evaluation Policy Framework aimed Any Bill may be introduced in the National at developing national and provincial annual Assembly. A Bill passed by the National and three-year evaluation plans, using stand- Assembly must be referred to the NCOP for ardised evaluation guidelines. Cabinet has now consideration.

290 South Africa Yearbook 2012/13

Members of the executive councils of provincial government, as at October 2012

Eastern Cape Noxolo Kiviet Premier Mcebisi Jonas Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism Mandla Makupula Education and Training Phumulo Masualle Finance and Provincial Planning Sicelo Gqobana Health Helen August-Sauls Human Settlements, Safety and Liaison Mlibo Qhaboshiane Local Government and Traditional Affairs Thandiswa Marawu Public Works, Roads and Transport Zoleka Capa Rural Development and Agrarian Reform Pemmy Majodina Social Development, Women, Youth and People with Disabilities Xoliswa Tom Sport, Recreation, Arts and Culture Free State Sekgobelo Elias Magashule Premier Mosebenzi Zwane Agriculture Olly Mlamleli Cooperative Governance, Traditional Leadership and Human Settlements Mamiki Qabathe Economic Development, Tourism and Environmental Affairs Tate Pule Makgoe Education Fezi Ngubentombi Health Seiso Mohai Provincial Treasury Thabo Manyoni Police, Roads and Transport Sisi Elisa Mabe Public Works and Rural Development Sefora Sisi Ntombela Social Development Dan Kgothule Sport, Arts, Culture and Recreation Gauteng Nomvula Paula Mokonyane Premier Nandi Mayathula-Khoza Agriculture and Rural Development Nonhlahla Faith Mazibuko Community Safety Nkosipendule Kolisile Economic Development and Planning Barbara Creecy Education Mandla Nkomfe Finance Hope Papo Health and Social Development Qedani Dorothy Mahlangu Infrastructure Deve­lopment Ntombi Mekgwe Local Government and Housing Lebogang Maile Sport, Arts, Culture and Recreation Ismail Vadi Roads and Public Transport KwaZulu-Natal Dr Zweli Mkhize Premier Dr Bonginkosi Meshack Radebe Agriculture, Environmental and Rural Development Ntombikayise Sibhidla-Saphetla Arts, Culture, Sport and Recreation Nomusa Dube Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs Mike Mabuyakhulu Economic Development and Tourism Senzo Edward Mchunu Education Catharina Magdalena Cronje Finance Dr Sibongiseni Maxwell Dlomo Health Ravi Pillay Human Settlements and Public Works

291 Government system

Members of the executive councils of provincial government, as at October 2012

Weziwe Gcotyelwa Thusi Social Development Thembinkosi Willies Mchunu Transport and Community Safety and Liaison Limpopo Cassel Charlie Mathale Premier Jacob Marule Agriculture Clifford Motsepe Cooperative Governance, Human Settlements and Traditional Affairs Pinky Kekana Economic Development, Environment and Tourism Namane Dickson Masemola Education Dr Norman Mabasa Health and Social Development Soviet Lekganyane Local Government and Housing David Masondo Provincial Treasury Thabitha Mohlala Public Works Pitsi Moloto Roads and Public Transport Dipuo Letsatsi-Duba Sport, Arts and Culture Florence Dzhombere Safety, Security and Liaison Mpumalanga David Mabuza Premier Candith Mashego-Dlamini Agriculture, Rural Development and Land Administration Vusi Shongwe Community Safety, Security and Liaison Madala Masuku Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs Sbongile Manana Culture, Sport and Recreation Norman Mokoena Economic Development, Environment and Tourism Regina Mhaule Education Yvonne Pinky Phosa Finance Dr Rhulani Mkasi Health and Social Development Siphosezwe Masango Human Settlements Dikeledi Mahlangu Public Works, Roads and Transport Northern Cape Hazel Jenkins Premier Norman Shushu Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development Kenny Mmoiemang Cooperative Governance, Human Settlements and Traditional Affairs Grizelda Cjiekella Education Sylvia Lucas Environment and Nature Conservation John Block Finance, Economic Affairs and Tourism Mxolisi Simon Sokatsha Health Dawid Rooi Roads and Public Works Alwin Botes Social Services and Population Development Pauline Williams Sport, Arts and Culture Patrick Mabilo Transport, Safety and Liaison North West Thandi Modise Premier Desbo Sefanyetso Mohono Agriculture and Rural Development Motlalepule Rosho Economic Development, Environment and Tourism Louisa Lerato Mabe Education Paul Sebegoe Finance Dr Magome Masike Health

292 South Africa Yearbook 2012/13

Members of the executive councils of provincial government, as at October 2012

Nono Maloyi Human Settlements, Safety and Liaison China Dodovu Local Government and Traditional Affairs Raymond Elisha Public Works, Roads and Transport Masetsanagape Mokomela-Mothibi Social Development, and Women, Children and People with Disabilities Tebogo Modise Sport, Arts and Culture Western Cape Helen Zille Premier Gerrit van Rensburg Agriculture Dan Plato Community Safety Ivan Meyer Cultural Affairs and Sport Donald Grant Education Alan Winde Finance, Economic Development and Tourism Theuns Botha Health Bonginkosi Madikizela Human Settlements Anton Bredell Local Government, Environmental Affairs and Development Planning Albert Fritz Social Development Robin Carlisle Transport and Public Works

A Bill affecting the provinces may be intro- The President appoints the Deputy Pres- duced in the NCOP. After the council passes ident from among the members of the National it, it must be referred to the National Assembly. Assembly. The Deputy President assists the A Bill concerning money must be introduced president in executing government functions. in the assembly and referred to the NCOP for consideration and approval after being passed. Cabinet If the NCOP rejects a Bill or passes it subject The Cabinet consists of the President, as head, to amendments, the assembly must recon- the Deputy President and ministers. The Pres- sider the Bill and pass it again with or without ident appoints the Deputy President, ministers amendments. There are special conditions for and deputy ministers, assigns their powers and the approval of laws dealing with provinces. functions, and may dismiss them. The President may select any number of The Presidency ministers from the members of the National As the executive manager of government, The Assembly, and may select no more than two Presidency is at the apex of South Africa’s ministers from outside the assembly. government system. It is situated in the Union The President appoints a member of the Buildings in Pretoria, and has a subsidiary Cabinet to be the leader of government busi- office in Tuynhuys, Cape Town. ness in the National Assembly. The Presidency comprises four political prin- cipals: the President, the Deputy President, the Elections Minister of the National Planning Commission National and provincial elections are held once and the Minister of Performance, Monitoring, every four years. All South African citizens over Evaluation and Administration. the age of 18 are eligible to vote. The President, as the head of state, leads the The Constitution places all elections and ref- Cabinet. He or she is elected by the National erendums in the country in all three spheres of Assembly from among its members, and leads government under the control of the Independ- the country in the interest of national unity, in ent Electoral Commission (IEC), established in accordance with the Constitution and the law. terms of the IEC Act, 1996 (Act 51 of 1996).

293 Government system

The obligations of the IEC are to: In July 2012, President Jacob Zuma launched the • manage elections of national, provincial and Siyahlola Presidential Monitoring Programme in municipal legislative bodies Umzimkhulu on the south coast of KwaZulu-Natal. • ensure that those elections are free and fair Although visits had been undertaken to other prov- • declare the results of those elections inces in the past, the Umzimkhulu visit introduced the programme formally. • compile and maintain a voters’ roll. The Siyahlola Programme, which means “we The duties of the IEC are to: are inspecting”, is the President’s hands-on, on- • compile and maintain a register of parties site monitoring of government performance in the • undertake and promote research into elec- delivery of services to the communities. Previous toral matters visits were undertaken to a number of areas in dif- • develop and promote the development of ferent provinces including Limpopo, North West, electoral expertise and technology in all Eastern Cape and Gauteng. The President con- spheres of government tinues to undertake visits under the programme • continuously review electoral laws and to assess first-hand any progress with various proposed electoral laws, and make recom- service delivery initiatives. mendations • promote voter education Programmes and initiatives • declare the results of elections for national, provincial and municipal legislative bodies National Development Plan (NDP) 2030 within seven days South Africa’s NDP seeks to eliminate poverty • appoint appropriate public administrations in and reduce inequality by 2030 by drawing on any sphere of government to conduct elec- the energies of the country’s people, growing tions when necessary. an inclusive economy, enhancing the capac- ity of the state, and promoting leadership and partnerships throughout society.

Structure and functions of the South African Government Legislative authority Executive authority Judicial authority Parliament Cabinet Constitutional Court • National Assembly • President Supreme Court of Appeal (350 – 400 members) • Deputy President High courts • National Council of Provinces • Ministers Magistrate’s courts (90 delegates)

Provincial governments Deputy ministers Judicial Service Commission

Eastern Cape State institutions supporting democracy Northern Cape Public Protector Western Cape Human Rights Commission Limpopo Commission for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Cultural, KwaZulu-Natal Religious and Linguistic Communities North West Commission for Gender Equality Free State Auditor-General Gauteng Independent Communications Authority of South Africa Mpumalanga

Legislative Authority Executive Authority Provincial Legislature Executive Council • Premier • Members of the Executive Council

294 South Africa Yearbook 2012/13

Following months of public consultation and Calls from citizens included issues relating to revision, the NDP 2030, titled Our Future – employment/working conditions, housing, legal Make it Work, was handed over to President matters, social services, citizenship, electri- Jacob Zuma by the chairperson of the National city, education, health and basic services. The Planning Commission, the Minister in The majority of these calls were from KwaZulu- Presidency Mr Trevor Manuel, during a joint Natal, Gauteng and the Eastern Cape, possibly sitting of both Houses of Parliament in Cape due to the population size of these provinces. Town in August 2012. To ensure that the hotline operated optimally, The plan focuses on the elimination of pov- the number of call agents were increased in erty – reducing the proportion of households June 2012 from 20 to 30. This ensured an with a monthly income below R419 per person increase to 15 agents per shift operating on from 39% to zero and a reduction of inequality two shifts a day. in South Africa. Other goals include: • increasing employment from 13 million in Brand South Africa 2010 to 24 million by 2030 From April 2012, the Brand South Africa • broadening the country’s ownership of responsibility has been moved from the Gov- assets by historically disadvantaged groups ernment Communication and Information Sys- • ensuring that all children have at least two tem (GCIS) to The Presidency. years of pre-school education and that all Charged with marketing South Africa at home children can read and write by Grade 3 and abroad, Brand South Africa’s focus inter- • providing affordable access to healthcare nationally is to positively influence and shape • ensuring effective public transport. perceptions about South Africa among target audiences. In March 2012, Brand South Africa Presidential Hotline launched its new slogan, South Africa: Inspir- As part of President Zuma’s directive to cre- ing New Ways. It replaced the previous slogan ate an interactive, accessible and responsive Alive with Possibility, which ran from 2003 to government, the Presidential Hotline was 2011 and reflected South Africa’s potential as established in 2009. Members of the public a leading country in Africa’s emergence as an can use the toll-free hotline to lodge queries untapped market. or complaints relating to government services. The new slogan is set to represent the next The hotline is supported by a network of public phase of the country’s development, where liaison officers in national departments, prov- South Africa has moved from possibility to inces and municipalities. delivery, and is now an important regional Since its establishment, the hotline has power. served as an important source of information Brand South Africa is best known locally for for government-wide performance monitoring the highly successful Football Fridays cam- and evaluation, and for monitoring the impact paign that inspired the nation to show their of government on citizens as it enables govern- support in the build-up to the 2010 Fifa World ment to track the important issues for citizens Cup™. and respond accordingly. Internationally, Brand South Africa lob- By November 2012, citizens had logged bies and networks extensively among global more than 140 000 cases with the hotline, of opinion leaders to shift perceptions about the which 87% had been resolved. Since Sep- country and the continent. tember 2012, monthly satisfaction testing was Being a member of the Brazil-Russia-India- conducted and the first results indicated that China-South Africa trade bloc (BRICS), for of 1 205 citizens surveyed, 65% rated their example, provides a platform to engage and satisfaction with the resolution of their hotline influence perceptions. This was evident at the case as high or average. Davos World Economic Forum (WEF) confer-

295 Government system

ence in January 2012, where South Africa was • Cape Town in the Western Cape profiled as a competitive investment destina- • eThekwini and Msunduzi in KwaZulu-Natal tion. • Buffalo City and Nelson Mandela in the East- Brand South Africa also regularly brings ern Cape groups of international journalists to the coun- • Mangaung in the Free State try to interact with South African government • Mbombela in Mpumalanga and business representatives, experience • Polokwane in Limpopo. local life and culture, and learn about the coun- try’s latest technological developments. Legislation and policies The department oversees the implementation The Department of Cooperative of, among others, the following legislation: Governance and Traditional • Intergovernmental Relations Framework Act, Affairs 2005 (Act 13 of 2005). The Department of Cooperative Govern- • Municipal Property Rates Act, 2004 (Act 6 ance and Traditional Affairs is responsible for of 2004), which regulates the power of facilitating cooperative governance, to support a municipality to impose property rates, all spheres of government and to assist the excludes certain properties from rating in the institution of traditional leadership to transform national interest, provides fair and equitable itself into a strategic partner of government in valuation methods of properties, and for the development of communities. municipalities to implement a transparent In 2011/12, the department provided leader- and fair system of exemptions, reductions ship to nine national departments in relation to and rebates through their rating policies. achieving government’s outcome of a respon- • The Municipal Property Rates Amendment sive, accountable, effective and efficient local Act, 2009 (Act 19 of 2009), which was government system with the following impact: introduced in September 2009 and aims to • 93 703 work opportunities were created extend the validity of a valuation roll and through the Community Work Programme supplementary valuation rolls from four to (CWP) six years. • 92% of ward committees were established, • Municipal Finance Management Act, 2003 while 77% of these were inducted (Act 56 of 2003) aimed at modernising • 80% of municipalities established municipal municipal budgeting and financial manage- public accounts committees to improve gov- ment. It facilitates the development of a ernance and oversight in these municipal- long-term municipal lending/bond market. It ities. also introduces a governance framework for In May 2012, the Minister of Cooporative Gov- separate entities created by municipalities. ernance and Traditional Affairs, Mr Richard • Disaster Management Act, 2002 (Act 57 of Baloyi, launched the Strategic Integrated Pro- 2002). ject 7 (SIP 7), which he chaired. SIP 7 is one • Municipal Systems Act, 2000 (Act 57 of 2002) of the 17 SIPs that form part of the Integrated which establishes a framework for planning, Infrastructure Plan approved by the Cabinet performance-management systems, effect- and the Presidential Infrastructure Coordinat- ive use of resources and organisational ing Commission (PICC) in February 2012. change in a business context. In the initial phase, SIP 7 will focus its • The Municipal Systems Amendment Act, service delivery on the 11 major urban areas 2011 (Act 7 of 2011), aimed at professional- where most of South Africa’s urban population ising local government for improved service resides. These are: delivery and performance management, • Johannesburg, Tshwane and Ekurhuleni in while also instilling a people-centred local Gauteng government mindset in municipalities.

296 South Africa Yearbook 2012/13

• Municipal Structures Act, 1998 (Act 117 of changes in allocations to municipalities with 1998), which provides for ward committees higher poverty rates and less ability to raise their whose tasks, among other things, are to own revenue. prepare, implement and review integrated The formula for calculating equitable share development plans (IDPs) and establish, would also be updated to reflect population implement and review municipalities’ changes as published in Census 2011. The performance-management systems. census count showed that overall, the South • Local Government: Municipal Demarcation African population grew from 44,8 million in Act, 1998 (Act 27 of 1998). 2001 to 51,8 million in 2011. • White Paper on Local Government (1998). During 2011/12, provincial expenditure fell The National House of Traditional Leaders 1,3% short of an adjusted budget of R373 bil- Act, 2009 (Act 22 of 2009), and the Traditional lion, primarily due to underspending on health Leadership and Governance Framework Act, and basic education in the Eastern Cape, 2003 (Act 49 of 2003), were consolidated by KwaZulu-Natal and the Free State. the National Traditional Affairs Bill to simplify In the same period, municipalities under- the process. The National Traditional Affairs spent by R31 billion, representing 11,7% of Bill was tabled in Parliament in July 2012. the total budgeted municipal expenditure. Of The amendment of the legislation will also 278 local municipalities, 212 underspent their ensure, among other things, that traditional transfer receipts by more than 5%, while 30 affairs, rather than only traditional leaders, will over-spent by more than 5%. take centre stage. The Khoisan communities will also be fully represented in the National Provincial government House of Traditional Leaders. In accordance with the Constitution, each province has its own legislature, consisting of Budget between 30 and 80 members. The number of The 2012/13 budget for the Department of members is determined according to a formula Cooperative Governance and Traditional set out in national legislation. The members are Affairs was R54,715 billion, with funds allo- elected in terms of proportional representation. cated as follows: The executive council of a province consists • R37,837 billion for the Equitable Share of a premier and a number of members (MECs). • R13,881 billion for Municipal Infrastructure Premiers are appointed by the President. Grant (MIG) Decisions are taken by consensus, as is the • R230 million for the Municipal Systems case in the national Cabinet. Besides being Improvement Programme able to make provincial laws, a provincial legis- • R1,439 billion for the CWP lature may adopt a constitution for its province • R196,5 million for the Municipal Infrastruc- if two thirds of its members agree. ture Support Agency (Misa). However, a provincial constitution must cor- In a move that could change the face of local respond with the national Constitution. government, Finance Minister Pravin Gordhan According to the Constitution, provinces may announced that a new formula for the local have legislative and executive powers, concur- government equitable share would be intro- rent with the national sphere, over: duced in 2012/13. • agriculture The new formula would address the need • casinos, racing, gambling and wagering to better differentiate assistance to different • cultural affairs municipalities, including those in rural areas. • education at all levels, excluding university Under the previous formula, municipalities and university of technology education received their budget share according to their • environment size. The new formula would result in significant • health services

297 Government system

• human settlements • shared experiences in creating an environ- • language policy ment for job creation in provinces • nature conservation • specific provincial matters • police services • monitoring and evaluation. • provincial public media • public transport Provincial Spatial Development • regional planning and development Framework (PSDF) • road-traffic regulation The PSDF was finalised in August 2012 to: • tourism • be the spatial expression of the Provincial • trade and industrial promotion Growth and Development Strategy • traditional authorities • guide (metropolitan, district and local) • urban and rural development municipal IDPs and spatial development • vehicle licensing frameworks and provincial and municipal • welfare services. framework plans These powers can be exercised to the extent • help prioritise and align investment and infra- that provinces have the administrative capacity structure plans of other provincial depart- to assume effective responsibilities. ments, as well as national departments’ and Provinces also have exclusive competency parastatals’ plans and programmes in the over a number of areas, which include: provinces • abattoirs • provide clear signals to the private sector • ambulance services about desired development directions • liquor licences • increase predictability in the development • museums other than national museums environment, for example by establishing • provincial planning “no-go,” “conditional” and “go” areas for • provincial cultural matters development and redress the spatial legacy • provincial recreational activities of apartheid. • provincial roads and traffic. The President’s Coordinating Council is a Local government statutory body established in terms of the In accordance with the Constitution and the Intergovernmental Relations Framework Act, Organised Local Government Act, 1997 (Act 52 2005, which brings together the three spheres of 1997), which formally recognise organised of government on matters of common interest local government associations, organised local and national importance, therefore strength- government may designate up to 10 part-time ening cooperative government. Among other representatives to represent municipalities and things, the forum looked at: participate in proceedings of the NCOP. • mechanisms for monitoring job creation and The Department of Cooperative Governance implementation of the New Growth Path in aims to build and strengthen the capability and all spheres of government accountability of provinces and municipalities. This includes: Infrastructure transfers to provinces increased • continued hands-on support through the sharply in recent years, growing from R4,8 billion established system and capacity-building in 2005/6 to R39,7 billion in 2012/13. To improve programme, focusing on critical areas such the quality of spending, the application process as integrated development planning, local for infrastructure grants has been revised: prov- economic development (LED), financial inces will be required to submit building plans management, service delivery and public two years ahead of implementation and will only participation receive allocations if plans meet certain bench- • evaluating the impact of government pro- marks. grammes in municipal areas, enhancing per-

298 South Africa Yearbook 2012/13

formance and accountability by improving Metropolitan councils have single metro- the quality of repor­ting on the Local Govern- politan budgets, common property ratings and ment Strategic Agenda (LGSA) and improv- service-tariff systems, and single employer ing the monitoring, reporting and evaluation bodies. of capacity in local government. South Africa has eight metropolitan municip- The department is also responsible for alities, namely: coordina­ting and supporting policy develop- • Buffalo City (East London) ment, implementing the LGSA, and monitoring • City of Cape Town and supporting service delivery. • Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (East In July 2012, the Department of Cooperative Rand) Governance concluded its three-year Network • City of eThekwini (Durban) of Tuscan and South African Local Govern- • City of Johannesburg ments (NETSAFRICA) partnership, which was • Mangaung Municipality (Bloemfontein) funded by the Italian government. Its aim was • Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality to consolidate the role of local institutions in the (Port Elizabeth) realisation of effective policies and services to • City of Tshwane (Pretoria). alleviate poverty and improve community Metropolitan councils may decentralise powers access to basic services. and functions. However, all original municipal, NETSAFRICA is a network of Italian and legislative and executive powers are vested in South African local governments aimed at the metropolitan council. promoting partnerships, exchanging expertise In metropolitan areas, there is a choice of among partners and strengthening targeted types of executive system: the mayoral execut- institutions using a “practitioner-to-practitioner” ive system where executive authority is vested approach. in the mayor, and the collective executive com- Under the NETSAFRICA partnership, four mittee system where these powers are vested municipalities – Buffalo City Metro, OR Tambo in the executive committee. District Municipality, Ekurhuleni Metro and Non-metropolitan areas consist of district Metsweding District Municipality – were sup- councils and local councils. ported. District councils are primarily responsible for capacity-building and district-wide planning. Municipalities The Local Government: Municipal Structures The Constitution provides for three categories Act, 1998 provides for ward committees whose of municipalities. tasks, among other things, are to: There are 278 municipalities in South Africa, • prepare, implement and review IDPs comprising eight metropolitan, 44 district and • establish, implement and review municipal- 226 local municipalities. They are focused on ities’ performance-management systems growing local economies and providing infra- • monitor and review municipalities’ perform- structure and service. ances As directed by the Constitution, the Local • prepare municipalities’ budgets Government: Municipal Structures Act, 1998 • participate in decisions about the provision contains criteria for determining when an area of municipal services must have a category-A municipality (metro- • communicate and disseminate information politan municipalities) and when municipalities on governance matters. fall into categories B (local municipalities) or C (district municipalities). Local Government Turnaround Strategy The Act also determines that category-A (LGTAS) municipalities can only be established in met- The LGTAS was introduced as a government ropolitan areas. programme of action and a blueprint for better

299 Government system

service delivery aimed at responsive, account- The Department of Corporative Governance and able, effective and efficient local government. Traditional Affairs and the South African Local Five focus areas aimed at fast-tracking Government Association signed two memoran- implementation of the strategy have been dums of understanding (MoUs) for the Business- identified. These are: Adopt-a-Municipality initiative with Santam and • service delivery . The initiative encourages private companies • governance to adopt a municipality, enter into a MoU and • financial management together improve infrastructure development, • infrastructure development deal with governance challenges and address • fighting corruption. issues of local economic development, while at Working with provinces and municipalities, the same time contributing to job creation and 108 priority municipalities have been identified provision of critical skills. to receive targeted support. These municip- alities have the highest backlogs in basic • The number of households with access to services, are financially distressed, have the water services increased from 92% in 2009 highest number of informal settlements and to 94,7% in 2012. are under-spending on their infrastructure • The number of households with access to grants. Stakeholders outside government sanitation services increased from 64% in have also been mobilised to support such 2009 to 84% in 2012. initiatives. • The number of households with access to As part of the contribution to government’s refuse removal services increased from 64% overall Infrastructure Development Plan, in 2009 to 72% in 2012. R47 billion was budgeted for 2012 to 2014 • Some 4 110 (96%) ward committees were towards the development of infrastructure in established. the 12 major cities to ensure that people enjoy • Some 89% (38 060) ward committee mem- a better life. bers were inducted across all provinces. The department aims to review all pieces of legislation that impede service delivery. In this Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG) regard, more than 300 sections of legislations The MIG is aimed at eradicating municipal that fall under this category have been identi- infrastructure backlogs in poor communities to fied and reviews will be undertaken. ensure the provision of basic services such as In May 2012, Misa was proclaimed as a gov- water, sanitation, roads and community light- ernment agency as part of the LGTAS. Its pur- ing. pose is to accelerate support to municipal-ities The Department of Cooperative Governance in providing service-delivery infrastructure. is responsible for managing and transferring The service-delivery statistics for 2012 the MIG and provides support to provinces and showed improvement from previous years: municipalities on implementing MIG projects. In 2012/13, R9,2 billion was allocated In July 2012, the World Bank, in partnership with towards MIG. Spending on the grant resulted the South Africa Government, the United Nations, the European Commission and the African Devel- in the provision of water to 98 394 households, opment Bank, hosted the second Understanding sanitation to 217 349 households, and building Risk Forum under the theme Mapping Global of 1 184 km of municipal roads. In addition, 23 Risk. sports facilities were completed. The forum attracted 350 leading global experts in disaster risk assessment from more than 60 Community Work Programme (CWP) countries. They discussed cutting-edge risk The CWP is a government programme aimed analysis methodologies and showcased the lat- at addressing poverty and the high unemploy- est innovations in risk assessment. ment rate.

300 South Africa Yearbook 2012/13

The programme is not an employment solu- mobilised for the sake of achieving economic tion for participants, but serves as an employ- growth and creating jobs to reduce poverty. ment safety net which provides them with a minimum number of regular days of work. This Municipal Demarcation Board (MDB) is typically two days a week or eight days a The MDB is an independent authority respons- month, thus supplementing their existing ible for the determination of municipal bound- livelihoods by offering a basic level of income aries. The board’s status as an independent security. It is an ongoing programme that does authority is also protected by Section 3 of the not replace government’s existing social grants Local Government: Municipal Demarcation programme but complements it. Act, 1998 and various judgements by the Con- In 2012, 94 977 work opportunities were stitutional Court. created through the CWP against a target of In addition to the determinations and re- one million set for 2014. determinations of municipal boundaries, the MDB is also mandated by legislation to Local economic development (LED) declare the district management areas; to LED is an approach towards economic devel- delimit wards for local elections; and to assess opment that allows and encourages local the capacity of municipalities to perform their people to work together to achieve sustainable functions. economic growth and development, thereby bringing economic benefits and improved qual- South African Local Government ity of life to all residents in a local municipal Association (Salga) area. Salga is a listed public entity, established in LED is intended to maximise the economic terms of Section 21 of the Companies Act, potential of municipal localities and enhance 1973 (Act 61 of 1973), and recognised by the the resilience of macro-economic growth Minister of Cooperative Governance and Tra- through increased local economic growth, ditional Affairs in terms of the Organised Local employment creation and development initia- Government Act, 1997. tives within the context of sustainable develop- Salga represents local government on ment. The “local” in economic development numerous intergovernmental forums such as points to the fact that the political jurisdiction at the PCC, Minister and MECs (MinMec) forum, local level is often the most appropriate place the Budget Forum, the NCOP and the Finan- for economic intervention, as it carries along- cial and Fiscal Commission. side it the accountability and legitimacy of a Salga aims, among other things, to: democratically elected body. • transform local government to enable it to LED programmes provide support in the fol- fulfil its developmental role lowing areas: • enhance the role of provincial local govern- • developing and reviewing national policy, ment associations as provincial representa- strategy and guidelines on LED tives and consultative bodies on local gov- • providing direct and hands-on support to ernment provincial and local government • raise the profile of local government • managing the LED Fund • ensure full participation of women in local • managing and providing technical support to government Nodal Economic Development Planning • act as the national employers’ organisa- • facilitating, coordinating and monitoring tion for municipal and provincial member donor programmes employers • assisting LED capacity-building processes. • provide legal assistance to its members, Through these interventions and resources, using its discretion in connection with mat- local role players and interest groups are ters that affect employee relations.

301 Government system

Salga is funded through a combination of Traditional leadership sources, including a national government Chapter 11 of the Constitution states that grant, membership fees from provincial and the institution, status and roles of traditional local government associations that are volun- leader­ship, according to customary law, are tary members, and donations from the donor recognised. community for specific projects. Government acknowledges the critical role of traditional leadership institutions in South Disaster management Africa’s constitutional democracy and in com- The Disaster Management Act, 2002 was munities, particularly in relation to the rural promulgated in 2003. The National Disaster- development strategy. It therefore remains Management Centre (NDMC) with functional committed to strengthening the institution of disaster-management centres and advisory traditional leadership. forums were established in eight provinces. To this end, numerous pieces of legislation The National Disaster-Management Advisory have been passed and various programmes Forum was recognised by the United Nations implemented to ensure that traditional leader- (UN) as the national platform for reducing dis- ship makes an important contribution to the aster risk. development of society. South Africa has also made significant The department is also working on a range progress in respect of the implementation of of policies which, among other things, include the Hyogo Framework for Action – a global policies on unity and diversity, initiation, tra- blueprint which aims to substantially reduce ditional healing, traditional leaders’ protocol, disaster losses by 2015. family trees, the remuneration and benefits Through the NDMC, the Department of of traditional leaders based on uniform norms Cooperative Governance registered unit and standards, and involving the Khoi-San standards for levels three to seven with the people in the system of governance in South South African Qualifications Authority for Africa. a national certificate in disaster risk man- agement. The department also developed Traditional councils regulations for recruiting and using disaster- Legislation has transformed the composition management volunteers. of traditional councils to provide for elements In September 2012, the Disaster Manage- of democracy. It states that 40% of members ment Institute of Southern Africa held its annual must be elected and that one third of members conference on Disaster Risk Management must be women. under the theme Taking Up the Challenge: Legislation has also opened up an opportu- Readiness for Risk Reduction and Response. nity for municipalities and traditional councils The institute’s conference is the biggest to achieve cooperative governance. Traditional annual disaster reduction conference in councils have been given a strong voice in Africa and routinely attracts approximately development matters and may now enter into 300 delegates. The institute is recognised as partnerships and service-delivery agreements the mouthpiece of the disaster management with government in all spheres. profession in southern Africa and is also re- The National Khoi-San Council (NKC) is cognised by the UN’s International Strategy for aimed at uniting the Khoi-San communities Disaster Reduction. and creating a platform through which they The 2012 conference was supported by the can raise issues affecting them as a group of Mopani District Municipality, Limpopo Provin- communities. The most important and recent cial Government, the South African Weather issue is the statutory recognition and inclusion Service and the NDMC. of the Khoi-San people into formal government structures.

302 South Africa Yearbook 2012/13

Between March and June 2012, the NKC met of traditional leadership is restored to where it various Khoi-San communities in the Western, belongs. It also investigates all claims to any Northern and Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal position of traditional leadership (king/queen/ and Gauteng. It also met leaders in the Free principal/senior traditional leader and head- State, North West, Limpopo and Mpumalanga men and -women), including disputes over the as part of the drive to involve communities in boundaries of traditional councils. the processes of developing the legislation that Section 25 of the Traditional Leadership and ultimately seeks to regulate national traditional Governance Framework Act, 2003 requires affairs, the National Traditional Affairs Bill. that the commission investigates and makes recommendations on cases where there is Houses of traditional leaders doubt as to whether a kingship, principal tra- The Constitution mandates the establishment ditional leadership or senior traditional lead- of houses of traditional leaders by means of ership and headmanship was established in either provincial or national legislation. accordance with customary law and customs. The National House of Traditional Leaders was established in terms of the then National Government Communication House of Traditional Leaders Act, 1997 (Act 10 and Information System (GCIS) of 1997). Its objectives and functions are The GCIS’s prime responsibility is to provide to promote the role of traditional leadership strategic leadership and coordinate a govern- within a democratic constitutional dispensa- ment communication system that ensures that tion, enhance unity and understanding among citizens are informed and have access to gov- traditional communities and advise national ernment programmes and policies that benefit government. them. Provincial houses of traditional leaders The Chief Executive Officer of the GCIS is were established in all six provinces that have also the official spokesperson for Cabinet. He traditional leaders, namely the Eastern Cape, or she chairs the GCIS Executive Committee, KwaZulu-Natal, the Free State, Mpumalanga, a strategising body that integrates, coordinates Limpopo and North West. and rationalises the work of the GCIS and gov- The national and provincial houses of ernment communication structures. traditional leaders enhance the cooperative The GCIS coordinates the Public Participa- relationships within national and provincial tion Programme and outreach events of polit- government, while the establishment of local ical principals at national, provincial and local houses of traditional leaders deepens and levels to reinforce dialogue and accountability cements the relationship between municipal- to citizens. ities and traditional leaders on customary law The GCIS also supports the implementation and development initiatives. of access to government-wide information and In August 2012, the fourth National House services through Thusong service centres. of Traditional Leaders was officially opened by It furthermore assists departments with President Jacob Zuma in Parliament. specific campaigns and events, as well as in developing departmental communication Commission on Traditional structures. Leadership Disputes and Claims Two agencies were established under the The commission was established in terms of executive authority of the GCIS, namely the the Traditional Leadership and Governance Media Development and Diversity Agency Framework Act, 2003. (MDDA) and Brand South Africa. The latter It is tasked with restoring the dignity of was moved to The Presidency in April 2012. traditional leaders and their communities by To guide communication in government, the investigating and ensuring that the institution GCIS developed the National Communication

303 Government system

Strategy, which shapes the various commun- guages. In 2012/13, GCIS planned to produce ication activities of departments, provinces and just over 20,4 million copies of Vuk’uzenzele, entities. with over 5 000 copies to be available to Braille The GCIS effectively supported and played users. a key role in coordinating the communica- tion services for campaigns prioritised in the Media Development and Diversity 2011/12 Government Communication Pro- Agency (MDDA) gramme. Some of the campaigns coordinated The MDDA was set up by an Act of Parlia- in 2012 include: ment (Act 14 of 2002) to enable historically • the WEF in Davos, Switzerland in January disadvantaged communities and people not 2012 adequately served by the media to gain access • Water Week in March 2012 to the media. Its beneficiaries were community • 16 Days of Activism for No Violence Against media and small commercial media. Women and Children from 25 November to To achieve its objective, the MDDA encour- 10 December 2012. aged: Activities for 2012/13 included: • ownership and control of, and access to, • the launch a project focusing on 20 years of media by historically disadvantaged commu- democracy, mobilising government and the nities and historically diminished indigenous nation at large in the build-up to marking two language and cultural groups decades of democracy in 2014 • the channelling of resources to community • the implementation of about 3 000 commun- and small commercial media ication projects through various platforms, • human resource development and capacity- such as community media, seminars, work- building in the media industry, especially shops, public participation programmes, among historically disadvantaged groups door-to-door visits and Thusong-driven • research regarding media development and campaigns diversity. • a special focus was placed on the Achieve- ments of Local Government Campaign – a Department of Public Service planned community radio approach where and Administration elected local officials were to provide feed- The Department of Public Service and Admin- back on achievements in their municipal istration is at the centre of government. It plays turnaround strategies. a major policy role in establishing norms and standards for the Public Service, which ensure Budget that service-delivery mechanisms, integrated The GCIS Budget for 2012/13 was R429 mil- systems and access, human resources, institu- lion, with the MDDA receiving an allocation of tional development and governance initiatives R20 million. are responsive to the needs of the citizens. R50 million was invested during 2012/13 in This mandate has evolved over the years; the department’s new headquarters in Hatfield, from transforming and modernising the Public Pretoria, which provided staff with a much- Service through the development and imple- needed upgrade in facilities and placed GCIS mentation of policies and frameworks, to close to clients and stakeholders. providing implementation support to ensure GCIS was allocated an additional R19,5 mil- compliance, improve service delivery and lion to increase the print run of Vuk’uzenzele, strengthen monitoring and evaluation. the only newspaper in the country that is also In terms of the Public Service Act of 1994, as published in Braille. The newspaper is printed amended, the Minister of Public Service and in English, but the front page and other selected Administration is responsible for establishing articles are translated into all the official lan- norms and standards relating to:

304 South Africa Yearbook 2012/13

• the functions of the Public Service and Training Authority (PSeta) received • organisational structures and establishment R22,086 million of departments and other organisational • the Public Service Commission (PSC) was and governance arrangements in the Public allocated R158,4 million. Service • labour relations, conditions of service and Role players other employment practices for employees • the health and wellness of employees Community development workers (CDWs) • information management There are approximately 3 100 CDWs • electronic government in the Public Service employed in the Public Service, working in • integrity, ethics, conduct and anti-corruption over 2 000 municipal wards throughout South • transformation, reform, innovation and any Africa. CDWs are the only public servants in other matter to improve the effectiveness South Africa who are required to work in the and efficiency of the Public Service and its municipal wards where they live and whose service delivery to the public. work-related activities straddle the three spheres of government. Legislation and policies One of their aims is to identify children with- The department oversees the implementation out access to the Early Childhood Develop- of, among others, the following legislation: ment Programme and make them part of it. • Public Service Act, 1994 as amended by The CDW Programme played a critical role Act 30 of 2007 in making positive development impacts by: • Public Service Amendment Act, 2007 (Act 30 • assisting in the elimination of government of 2007) service-delivery deadlocks, including bureau- • State Information Technology Agency (Sita) cratic bottlenecks in a range of government Act, 2002 (Act 38 of 2002) departments, especially the departments of • Protected Disclosures Act, 2000 (Act 26 of home affairs and social development 2000) • advocating an organised voice of and for • Public Finance Management Act, 1999 the poor by supporting community-based (Act 1 of 1999) organisations • Public Service Laws Amendment Act, 1997 • strengthening government-community net- (Act 47 of 1997) works through dissemination of information • Public Service Laws Second Amendment • assisting in bridging the gap between the Act, 1997 (Act 93 of 1997) First and the Second Economy as an impor- • Public Service Regulations, 2001, as tant part of advancing the South African amended 31 July 2012. developmental state. A review of the public service regulations on Budget the institutionalisation of service-delivery In 2012/13, the following budget allocations mechanisms, and a framework for community relating to the Public Service were made: development and public participation was • the Department of Public Service and underway in 2012. Administration received an allocation of The code of conduct for the CDWs was also R411,4 million to be reviewed to address conflict between • the Public Administration Leadership and the Public Service and political activities. Management Academy (Palama) received The department planned to link the CDWs to R123,4 million existing community structures such as school • the Centre for Public Sector Innovation governing bodies, community policing fora, (CPSI) was allocated R16,036 million ratepayers’ associations, traditional institu- • the Public Service Sector Education tions, citizen assemblies and religious bodies.

305 Government system

Public Service Commission (PSC) tices, and report to the relevant executive The PSC is tasked and empowered to, among authority and legislature other things, investigate, monitor and evaluate -- investigate grievances of employees in the the organisation and administration of the Pub- Public Service concerning official acts or lic Service. This mandate entails the evaluation omissions, and recommend appropriate of achievements, or lack thereof, of govern- remedies ment programmes. -- monitor and investigate adherence to The PSC has an obligation to promote applicable procedures in the Public Ser- measures that will ensure effective and effi- vice cient performance within the Public Service • advise national and provincial organs of and to promote values and principles of public state regarding personnel practices in the administration as set out in the Constitution, Public Service. throughout the Public Service. The Constitution mandates the commission Centre for Public Sector Innovation (CPSI) to: The CPSI was established to identify, support • promote the values and principles governing and nurture innovation in the public sector to public administration improve service delivery. • investigate, monitor and evaluate the organi- The CPSI works through partnerships with sation, administration and the personnel other departments and state-owned enter- practices of the Public Service prises to, for example, enhance the productive • propose measures to ensure effective and capacity of visually impaired educators by efficient performance within the Public Ser- providing data-card devices to access teaching vice material without the use of Braille. • give directions aimed at ensuring that per- The CPSI runs targeted innovation pro- sonnel procedures relating to recruitment, grammes to support the outcomes of rural transfers, promotions and dismissals comply development, accelerated service delivery at with the constitutionally prescribed values local government level, as well as human set- and principles tlement. • report its activities and the performance of its functions, including any findings it may make State Information Technology Agency (Sita) and to provide an evaluation of the extent Sita consolidates and coordinates the state’s to which it complied constitutionally with the IT resources to save costs through scale, to prescribed values and principles increase delivery capabilities and improve • either of its own accord or on receipt of any interoperability. complaint: Sita is committed to government’s IT strat- -- investigate and evaluate the application of egy, which seeks to leverage economies of personnel and public-administration prac- scale, enhance the interoperability of govern- ment systems, ensure system security, elimin- In 2012, the Public Administration Leadership ate duplication and advance Black Economic and Management Academy in partnership with Empowerment. The strategic priorities for 2009 the National Youth Development Agency, trained to 2012 are: 2 443 unemployed youths for public service • improving financial sustainability employment opportunities. A further 18 660 new • optimising infrastructure public servants participated in the Junior and • extending the service footprint Middle Management Induction Programme in • modernising public-service operations 2011/12, while 17 575 were to complete the pro- • reducing operational costs gramme in 2012/13. This is part of government’s efforts to develop skills and create jobs. • achieving operational excellence • developing and retaining personnel.

306 South Africa Yearbook 2012/13

Government Information Technology On 11 May 2012, the Department of Home Affairs Officers Council (Gitoc) launched a campaign to eradicate duplicate iden- The Gitoc advises government on the appli- tity documents (IDs). cation of IT to improve service delivery. Its In the first phase of the campaign, the depart- membership consists of the chief information ment published the names of 29 000 South Africans affected by duplicate IDs in national officers from national departments and pre- newspapers, on the departmental website and in miers’ offices. The council has been involved other media. Citizens could also send an SMS to in developing an IT security policy framework, check if their IDs had been duplicated. Phase 2 IT procurement guidelines and e-government will involve a list of an additional 83 000 South policy and strategy. It also monitors govern- Africans also affected by ID duplication. ment IT projects to avoid duplication. In February 2012, the late Minister of Public Service and Administration, Mr Roy bation, re-orientation of senior managers and Padayachie, hosted a Gitoc workshop. On the orientation of unemployed youth graduates agenda were issues of information and com- preparing them for Public Service employment munication technology (ICT) procurement, ICT opportunities. governance, ICT projects as well as ICT in- Some of the courses offered by Palama are formation security. A structured process within accredited by the Pseta or by other sector the regulatory framework for the provision of education and training authorities (Setas) and transversal tenders was near completion on higher education institutions. the matter of procurement processes. On pro- Other courses can be combined into pro- jects, the development of a government-wide grammes which are equivalent to certificates project management framework was planned or degrees. Training offered can also become for completion within the course of 2012. stepping stones for career advancement in the Public Service. Public Administration Leadership and In 2011/12, Palama trained 51 760 officials in Management Academy (Palama) leadership, management, administration and Palama is a Sesotho word, which means induction. “Arise!” or “Get on Board”. As government’s The Legislature Capacity Building Pro- training department, Palama offers training gramme has received approval from the Uni- and development opportunities to public serv- versity of South Africa for the accreditation of ants at national, provincial and local spheres the Certificate in Governance and Leadership. of government. This includes training of new The first group of trainers have completed all public service employees as part of their pro- requirements and 173 members of Parliament and legislatures graduated in November 2011. In March 2013, the Department of Home Affairs stopped issuing abridged birth certificates and Programmes and projects now only issue unabridged birth certificates. The unabridged certificates are issued on the spot, Continental Capacity Development reducing the turnaround time. The unabridged certificates contain the parents’ particulars in full Programme – identity numbers, names in full, place of birth The Department of Public Service and Admin- and citizenship – at the time of the baby’s birth. istration continues to provide coordination for An unabridged birth certificate is required for the implementation of the Continental Capacity overseas travel, claiming citizenship by descent Development Programme. and applying for permanent residence, as well South Africa is engaged in several post-con- as nationally for insurance claims or any other flict interventions in several countries, namely: purpose where proof is required of the identity of • The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): the individual’s parents. developing and implementing the Anti-

307 Government system

Corruption Framework, the Public Service From this concept, eight principles were Census and capacity-building programmes. derived and made known in a White Paper as • Burundi: rebuilding and strengthening the principles for transforming Public Service its Public Service for it to run effectively delivery, which are: and implementing capacity-building pro- • regularly consultation with customers grammes. • set service standards • Rwanda: capacity-building programmes and • increased access to services leadership development. • higher levels of courtesy • South Sudan: capacity building in human • more and better information about services resources and enhancing legislative and • increased openness and transparency about policy review. services • For the first time, government included the • remedy failures and mistakes participation of traditional leaders as one • giving the best possible value for money. of the sectors in the Africa Peer Review Mechanism process. This move was neces- Department of Home Affairs sitated by the fact that 70% of South Africa’s The Department of Home Affairs is the custo- population is rural. Through the Organisation dian of the identity of all South African cit- for Economic Cooperation and Develop- izens, critical to which is the issuance of birth, ment, South Africa was asked to assist in marriage and death certificates; identity docu- developing a framework for civil society’s ments (IDs) and passports; as well as citizen- participation in the review of government ship; naturalisation and permanent residency programmes. certificates. This goes beyond merely issuing documents; it encompasses the safe mainte- Public Service Month nance and archiving of biometric and demo- South Africa marks Public Service Month in graphic records of citizens and residents of September each year. It is a regular national the country. event that requires all the national and pro- As part of ongoing efforts to render a service vincial departments to participate by putting that is efficient, accessible and corrupt-free, in place activities and campaigns to improve the department continued to train its manage- service delivery. ment. Public Service Month is a follow-up to and About 98,3% of IDs were issued within mirrors the UN and Africa Public Service Day. 47 days, amounting to 222 713 in the second In 2012, it took place on 23 June under the quarter of 2012. About 95,9% of passports that theme Capacity Development for Implemen- were processed manually were issued within tation of the African Charter and Principles of 24 days, amounting to 98 316 in the period Public Service and Administration Towards under review. Capable Developmental States. With offices that have live capture capa- The 2012 Public Service Month was signif- city, 97,49% of passports were issued within icant as it coincided with 15 years of institu- 13 days. This amounts to 35 269 passports. tionalising and instilling the ethos of Batho Pele within the Public Service. In March 2012, the Deputy Minister of Home Affairs, Ms Fatima Chohan, officially launched the Batho Pele first ever Youth Forum, in which approximately 70 The Batho Pele Campaign, aimed at improv- young people of 35 years and under from the ing service delivery to the public, was imple- department participated. The department has committed to developing a cadre of young people mented in October 1997 and revitalised during able to deliver on government’s mandate to cre- the 2012 Public Service Month. Batho Pele is a ate a better life for all South Africans. Sesotho phrase meaning “People First”.

308 South Africa Yearbook 2012/13

In September 2012, South Africa, on behalf of the Legislation and policies United Nations Economic Commission for Africa The department oversees the implementation and the African Union, hosted the second Minis- of, among others, the following legislation: terial Conference on Civil Registration and Vital • South African Citizenship Act, 1995 (Act 88 Statistics. In addition to monitoring progress, the of 1995) conference provided an opportunity for ministers • The Births and Deaths Registration Amend- and delegates to ensure that all countries were ment Act, 2010 (Act 18 of 2010) moving in the same direction. Some 54 African ministers responsible for civil registration and • The South African Citizenship Amendment vital statistics and about 500 delegates from Afri- Act, 2010 (Act 17 of 2010) can countries attended the conference. • The Refugees Act, 1998 (Act 130 of 1998) • The Immigration Act, 2002 (Act 13 of 2002). The Immigration Act, 2002 was amended to The department is also responsible for the clarify and revise immigration and permit pro- effective, secure and humane management of cedures to facilitate importing skills. The final immigration. immigration regulations came into effect on Statutory bodies falling under the depart- 1 July 2004. The release of these regulations ment are the: followed the signing of the Immigration Amend- • Immigration Advisory Board ment Act, 2004 (Act 19 of 2004) into law on • Standing Committee for Refugee Affairs 12 October 2004. The Immigration Amendment • Refugee Appeal Board. Act, 2011 (Act 13 of 2011) provides for, among other things, revising provisions relating to the Budget and funding Immigrating Advisory Board. The department was allocated R5,3 billion in The Refugee Amendment Act, 2011 (Act 12 2012/13, a 9,5% decrease in nominal terms of 2011), contains certain amendments to from 2011/12. As a result of the reduced budget eliminate abuse of the asylum system and allocation, all programmes within the depart- redefines the criteria for refugees seeking asy- ment had a cut in expenditure in 2012/13. lum in a clear and transparent manner. The biggest reduction was in the Admin- istration Programme, which was 11,8% or Citizenship R223,8 million less. The Citizen Affairs budget South African citizenship is regulated by the decreased by 9% or R306,3 million and Immi- South African Citizenship Act, 1995 (Act 88 of gration Services received 4,2% or R24,2 mil- 1995) and regulations issued in terms thereof. lion less in 2012/13. South African citizenship may be granted by The only increases were under the Adminis- way of: trative Programme for Corporate Services (up • birth or descent by 11,24% or R56 million); Office Accommoda- • an application for naturalisation as a South tion (up 5,5% or R17 million); while Citizen African citizen Services Delivery to Provinces received a • an application for resumption of South Af- R105 million increase (up 6,8%). rican citizenship The budgets of the Government Printing • the registration of the birth of children born Works and the Film and Publication Board outside South Africa to South African fathers were increased. The publication board’s or mothers budget increased by 6% or R3,9 million and • an application for exemption in terms of Sec- the printing work’s budget was increased by tion 26(4) of the Act. 4,8% or R6,2 million. The majority of the sub- In October 2010, the National Assembly programmes within the Department of Home adopted the South African Citizenship Amend- Affairs received smaller allocations this finan- ment and Births and Deaths Registration cial year than 2011/12. Amendment Bills.

309 Government system

The Births and Deaths Registration Amend- registration of childbirths will ensure that gov- ment Act, 2010 (Act 18 of 2010) seeks to ernment is able to extend services to children, streamline the procedures related to the fol- including social grants where applicable, while lowing: helping to prevent fraudulent registration of • who, other than parents, should register the childbirths through such schemes as “rent a birth of a child, including the next-of-kin or a baby”. legal guardian To encourage parents to register their babies • the registration of orphans and abandoned within 30 days of delivery, 264 hospitals, clinics children and healthcare facilities have been connected • simplifying the process for the change of to the Department of Home Affairs. A further surnames of children and adults 80 hospitals were to be connected in 2012/13, • paternity, including steps to be followed while 88 hospitals and other healthcare cen- when a mother registers a child under one tres were visited by officials for collection of father and later changes to another registration forms. • registration of birth after 30 days The department witnessed a dramatic • the registration of adopted children to ensure decrease in the late registration of people aged alignment to the Children’s Act, 2005 (Act 38 15 years and above, from 354 588 in 2009/10 of 2005). to 110 902 in the 2011/12 year, thus reducing The South African Citizenship Amendment Act, the risk of fraudulent acquisition of citizenship 2010 (Act 17 of 2010) amends provisions of the while protecting the NPR. Some 1 199 467 IDs South African Citizenship Act, 1995 that deals were issued to first-time recipients in 2011/12. with citizenship by birth, naturalisation, and the This is a significant increase compared with loss of citizenship in terms of the mandate of the 834 353 issued in 2009/10. the Department of Home Affairs. With the number of applications for the The South African Citizenship Amendment re-issue of IDs and late registration of birth Act, 2010, among other things, ensures that: steadily decreasing, it is evident that South • a child born to a South African parent inside Africans are beginning to value their enabling or outside the country is a South African documents, their identity and their citizenship. by birth as long as the child is registered In this regard, in 2011/12, it reissued 1 075 994 according to South African law IDs, which is 5% fewer when compared with • a child born of non-South African parents but the 1 125 141, issued in 2010/11. adopted by South African parents is a citizen by descent In November 2012, the President’s Award of the • a child born of non-South African parents in Computer Society of South Africa named the South Africa, may, at the age of 18 years, Deputy Director-General for Information Ser- apply for naturalisation; while he or she is vices of the Department of Home Affairs, Sello a minor, such children will retain the citizen- Mmakau, the Visionary Chief Information Officer ship of their parents for 2012. This category recognises an executive who has demonstrated vision and leadership in • a child with no claim to any citizenship will using technology to support and grow business. be given South African citizenship in accord- Mmakau played an instrumental role in the ance with international law and practice. department’s introduction of the Online Finger- print Verification System, in partnership with the National Population Register (NPR) South African Banking Risk Centre, as well the Since the launch of the National Population piloting of the new smart identity card and the Registration (NPR) Campaign in 2010/11, the Information Technology Modernisation Project, number of children registered within 30 days which will help reduce the time taken to produce of birth has increased from 445 853 to 556 762 enabling documents such as identity documents in 2011/12, just over 50% of all births. Early and passports.

310 South Africa Yearbook 2012/13

Immigration The final immigration regulations came into The Department of Home Affairs’ National effect on 1 July 2004. The release of these Immigration Branch is responsible for control regulations followed the signing of the Immi- over the admission of foreigners for residence gration Amendment Act, 2004 (Act 19 of 2004). in and departure from South Africa. This entails: The immigration policy aims to: • processing applications for visas, temporary • discourage illegal migration into South Africa residence permits and immigration permits by encouraging foreign nationals to apply for • maintaining a travellers’ and foreigners’ con- relevant permits to legalise their stay in the trol system country • tracing and removing foreigners who are • create an enabling environment for foreign considered undesirable or who are in South direct investment in South Africa Africa illegally. • attract scarce skills required by the economy The Refugees Act, 1998 (Act 130 of 1998), gives in accordance with the 2014 vision of erad- effect within South Africa to the relevant interna- icating poverty and underdevelopment. tional legal instruments, principles and standards The final immigration regulations furthermore relating to refugees; provides for the reception aim to establish a new system of immigration into South Africa of asylum seekers; regulates control to ensure that: applications for and recognition of refugee sta- • temporary and permanent residence permits tus; and provides for the rights and obligations are issued as expeditiously as possible and flowing from such status, and related matters. according to simplified procedures In recent years, the department has sought • security considerations are fully satisfied and to control illegal immigration through various the state regains control over the immigra- measures: tion of foreigners to South Africa • the Immigration Act, 2002 (Act 13 of 2002), • economic growth is promoted through the provides for a stricter immigration policy − employment of needed foreign labour, foreign implementation of administrative fines and investment is facilitated, the entry of excep- other measures came into effect in 2003; the tionally skilled or qualified people is enabled Act was later amended to clarify and revise and academic exchange programmes in the immigration and permit procedures to facil- Southern African Development Community itate importing skills are facilitated • the department works closely with the South • tourism is promoted African Revenue Service and the South • the contribution of foreigners to the South Af-rican Police Service to ensure effective African labour market does not adversely border control. affect existing labour standards and the A computerised visa system was instituted to rights and expectations of South African curb the forgery of South African visas and has workers been extended to all South African missions • a policy connection is maintained between abroad. foreigners working in South Africa and the training of South African citizens In the first half of 2012, the Department of Home • a human-rights-based culture of enforce- Affairs issued 100 pilot identity document (ID) ment is promoted. smart cards to test the functionality and durabil- The department prioritised the issuance ity of the smart ID. The smart-card ID system will of quota work permits to foreigners who fall replace the current civic and immigration identity within specific occupational classes or specific systems. The new system will enable government professional categories. In this context, details to digitally capture biometric and biographical of specific occupational classes and specific details of all South Africans or foreign nationals, which will be stored in one integrated system. professional categories and the applicable quotas are published annually in the Govern-

311 Government system

ment Gazette after consultation with other centres resulted in decisions on new applica- stakeholder departments. tions being made within three months. The Immigration Amendment Bill provides for, As part of a regional approach towards asy- among other things: lum seeker and refugee management, South • revising provisions relating to the Immigrat- Africa is engaging in bilateral and multilateral ing Advisory Board cooperation with neighbouring countries • revising provisions relating to the making of through which asylum seekers transit. As regulations a signatory to the International Protocol on • the designation of ports of entry Refugees, South Africa joins other nations in • revising provisions relating to visas for tem- its obligation to guarantee the safety of asylum porary sojourn in South Africa seekers. The Cessation of Angolan Refugees • the mandatory transmission and use of infor- came into effect on 30 June 2012. mation on advance passenger processing • the transmission of passenger name record Visas information Foreigners who wish to enter South Africa • revising provisions relating to permanent must be in possession of valid and acceptable residence travel documents. They must have valid visas, • revising penal provisions. except in the case of certain countries whose The Department of Home Affairs is charged citizens are exempt from visa control. Such with the responsibility of providing enabling exemptions are normally limited to permits, documents to those fleeing from persecution in which are issued for 90 days or less at the their country of origin to afford them sanctuary ports of entry. and to play a part in developing a better and The visa system is aimed at facilitating the safer world. admission of acceptable foreigners at ports of Like all countries, South Africa has an obliga- entry. The visa becomes a permit upon entry; tion to scrutinise asylum claims and turn down therefore, no additional permit will be issued. those that are not justified. The Asylum Seeker South Africa is to sign visa waiver agreements and Refugee Management System has been with Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, under tremendous pressure owing to South Italy, Panama and Spain in April 2013. Africa having the largest number of asylum With a view to enhancing economic, cultural seekers in the world, according to the UN High and humanitarian ties, South Africa signed visa Commission for Refugees. This is in part owing waiver agreements with several countries in to economic immigrants using this as a route February 2013. to regularise their stay in the country. This An agreement was signed with the Benelux trend causes much strain on South Africa’s States of Belgium, the Netherlands and Lux- bureaucratic capacity and hampers efforts to embourg on the exemption of visa require- assist genuine asylum seekers and refugees. ments for holders of diplomatic, official and The adjudication of these claims therefore service passports. tended to take long and in some cases years An agreement was also signed with Italy on to finalise. the exemption of visa requirements for holders The department introduced new structures of valid diplomatic and service passports. and processes to improve the quality and South Africa and Spain signed an agreement efficiency of adjudication of claims and since regarding visa requirements for holders of dip- September 2011, the turnaround time and lomatic passports and South Africa signed an quality of adjudication has improved on all new agreement with Panama concerning reciprocal asylum applications. The appointment of per- exemption from visa requirements for holders manent members to the department’s Standing of diplomatic, official, consular and special Committee on Refugee Affairs at some of its passports.

312 South Africa Yearbook 2012/13

Control of travellers The department particularly encourages People arriving in South Africa by air, sea or land applications by industrialists and other entre- have to pass through customs control, where preneurs who wish to relocate their existing they may be questioned and their baggage concerns or to establish new concerns in scanned or searched for dutiable, restricted South Africa. or prohibited goods. Visitors found with un- The department is not directly involved in an declared, restricted or prohibited goods, could active immigration drive. In categories where be fined or may face prosecution. shortages exist, the normal procedure is for South Africa acceded to the Admission employers to recruit abroad independently Temporaire/Temporary Admission (ATA) con- and, in most cases, initially apply for temporary vention in 1975, which means foreign visitors work permits. – companies and individuals – can approach The department considers the applications their local chambers of commerce for advice for immigration permits of prospective immi- regarding the issuing of an ATA Carnet for the grants who wish to settle in the relevant prov- temporary import of certain goods in a sim- inces. In terms of new regulations, regions will plified method. An example would be broad- be responsible for issuing permits previously casters or sponsors of international sporting issued by the regional committees in respect events taking place in South Africa. of permanent residence. They will also do so in respect of temporary residence. Enquiries in Control of sojourn this regard may be made to the nearest office Foreigners who are in the country illegally and of the Department of Home Affairs in South are therefore guilty of an offence may be clas- Africa, to missions abroad, or to the Director- sified into three categories, namely those who: General of Home Affairs for the attention of the • entered the country clandestinely Directorate: Permitting in Pretoria. • failed to renew the temporary residence per- The department started addressing the per- mits issued to them at ports of entry manent residence backlog from August 2012. • breached the conditions of their temporary It is currently prioritising temporary residence residence permits without permission, such permits, as this category of foreigners is at risk as holiday visitors who took up employment of being in the country illegally if their applica- or started their own businesses. tions are not finalised in time. Depending on the circumstances, people who The department will prioritise applications for are in South Africa illegally are either pros- permanent residence permits from holders of ecuted, removed, or their sojourn is legalised. quota work permits and exceptional skills work Officers at the various regional and district permits in line with the country’s objective of offices of the department are in charge of attracting critical skills. tracing, prosecuting and removing illegal for- eigners from the country. Employers of illegal Temporary residence foreigners may also be prosecuted. In terms of the Immigration Act, 2002, tem- porary residence permits are divided into the Permanent residence following categories: Government allows immigration on a selec- • visitors’ permits tive basis. The Department of Home Affairs is • diplomatic permits responsible for: • study permits • processing applications for immigration per- • treaty permits mits for consideration • business permits • admitting people suitable for immigration, • crew permits such as skilled workers in occupations in • medical permits which there is a shortage in South Africa. • relatives’ permits

313 Government system

• work permits with the following categories: employment or task to be undertaken cannot -- quota work permits be performed by a South African citizen or an -- general work permits approved permanent immigrant already resid- -- intra-company transfer work permits ing in South Africa. -- exceptional skills work permits Applications for the extension of temporary -- corporate work permits residence permits must be submitted at least 30 -- retired person permits days prior to the expiry date of the permit, to -- exchange permits the nearest regional/district office of the Depart- • asylum permits. ment of Home Affairs where the applicant is In terms of Section 11, a visitor’s permit may be employed. Any enquiries related to temporary issued to a person who intends to enter South residence permits may be directed to the near- Africa for less than 90 days for the purpose of est district/regional office of the Department of tourism, business, education or medical treat- Home Affairs in South Africa, to South African ment. diplomatic representatives abroad, or to the Foreigners who are exempt from visa Director-General of Home Affairs, for the atten- requirements may therefore proceed to a port tion of the Directorate: Permitting. of entry where visitors’ permits for the men- tioned period will be issued, provided such Removal of undesirable people people can produce evidence to prove their In terms of legislation, the Minister of Home bona fides. Affairs may order the deportation of any person Foreigners who are citizens of countries that who is declared undesirable or prohibited, other are exempted from visa requirements for less than an asylum seeker. than 90 days may likewise obtain visitors’ per- These are foreign nationals who are in South mits at a port of entry. Such foreigners enjoy Africa illegally and should be deported to the exemption for the period only. Foreigners who countries of which they are citizens or territories require a visa prior to proceeding to South where they have rights of domicile or residence. Africa, or who intend to enter South Africa for Any person who has become a deportation any period longer than the period for which subject may, pending his or her deportation, be they are exempt from the visa requirement, detained in a manner and at a place determined must apply for and obtain a visa prior to pro- by the Director-General of the Department of ceeding to the country. Home Affairs. Foreigners who intend to accept an offer of employment, start a business, take up studies Role players or enter South Africa for any purpose for which a temporary residence permit is provided for Government Printing Works in the Act, must apply for an appropriate tem- The Government Printing Works, a division porary residence permit via the South African of the Department of Home Affairs, is a South diplomatic representative in their countries of African security printing specialist that deals origin/residence. In countries where there are with the printing of passports, visas, birth certifi- no representatives, applications must be sub- cates, smart-card identification documents and mitted in the nearest country where there is a examination materials, as well as government foreign representative. stationery and publications, such as tender bul- The outcome must be awaited outside South letins and government gazettes. Africa and applicants may only proceed to It does this by continuously updating its secur- South Africa once the permit as applied for has ity printing technology and today boasts a new been issued to them. state-of-the-art facility that has been bench- The overriding consideration when dealing marked internationally and is widely divergent with applications for work permits is whether the from its humble beginnings.

314 South Africa Yearbook 2012/13

Based in Pretoria, the printing works provides erative governance and support all spheres a variety of related services to other government of government, promote traditional affairs and departments, the printing industry and other support associated institutions. African countries, including manufacturing and During 2012/13, the department will focus on supplying fingerprint ink to the South African fast-tracking the implementation of its decision Police Service, and printing postage stamps for to enhance the functioning of municipalities and the DRC and Lesotho. to locate the role of traditional institutions within the broader agenda of government. Learning Academy The department will also focus on support to The Learning Academy deals with issues of 105 municipalities which are within the 23 dis- learning and development, research, know- trict municipalities, as well as to corresponding ledge and information management within traditional communities identified by Cabinet as Home Affairs. The academy has three main requiring dedicated assistance. sections, namely: The GCIS, as the driver of government’s • Learning Programme Delivery communication strategy, will modernise its • Research and Information Management operations and practices to boost its outputs, • Quality and Stakeholder Management. from providing training to communicators, to It forms part of the support for the department’s leveraging government’s considerable buying core business of offering immigration and civic power in the advertising sector. services for South Africa. The GCIS will also improve direct commun- The academy has registered the National Cer- ication with communities to increase its reach tificate of Home Affairs Services with the South in conveying government’s messages and will African Qualifications Authority. This qualifica- strengthen partnerships with stakeholders in tion has three specialisations, namely: Refugee government communications, the National Affairs, Immigrations and Civic Services. The Executive, provinces, local government and the department is accredited by the Pseta as a site private sector. for learning, allowing the Learning Academy to As South Africa seeks to have a positive enrol learners for the registered home affairs impact on the creation of a better Africa and qualifications. a better world, the GCIS will promote the The academy also offers generic learning country through communicating to domestic and development such as customer services, and international audiences the work that the management development programmes and government does in the international arena. training in uniform processes and procedures of Working together with other key departments the services offered in the department. and agencies, the department will also continue Managing research in the Department of to promote the country as a desirable tourism Home Affairs entails coordinating research and investment destination. projects that external scholars and research- The forthcoming milestones of 20 Years of ers want to conduct on the department. The Democracy, the fifth democratic general elec- Research Management Unit also identifies tion and the millennium development goals are research areas within the department that can among the important communication landmarks assist in better delivery of home-affairs services. that will arise towards 2014. The Department of Public Service and Admin- Conclusion istration has identified five focus areas that will The Department of Cooperative Governance form part of the overall work of the Public Ser- and Traditional Affairs remains central in the vice and Administration Portfolio over the next fight against poverty and underdevelopment in four-year period. These will serve as the main many communities. Looking forward, it will con- strategic indicators that will answer the ques- tinue to use all its resources to facilitate coop- tion of whether the Public Service is effective,

315 Government system

efficient and development-oriented. They are: can deliver a service that is efficient, accessible • services rendered with speed and corruption-free. Several closely related • services easily accessible to citizens strategic drivers are used in this regard. • services provided at lower cost The most important strategy is to capacitate • appropriately skilled public servants to render staff and establish a new culture and values services. through the organisation. Another strategic • competitive conditions of services for public driver is the goal to achieve a clean audit. This servants and the achievement of labour achievement requires that a large number of peace. systems and controls (governance, manage- • no corruption ment and operational) are put in place. Similarly, • a positive impact on the lives of people and performance management requires systems as the economy. well as a change in values and behaviour by A major focus for the Department of Home staff and managers. Affairs is transforming the department so that it

316 South Africa Yearbook 2012/13

Acknowledgements

2008 Local Government Budgets and Expenditure Review 2003/04 to 2010/11 SA Government News Agency Budget Vote 2012 Department of Home Affairs Department of Public Service and Administration Department of Public Service and Administration, Annual Report 2011/12 Estimates of National Expenditure 2012, published by National Treasury Green Paper: National Strategic Planning Government Communication and Information System Office of the Public Service Commission State of the Nation Address 2012

www.cpsi.co.za www.info.gov.za www.dpsa.gov.za www.mediaclubsouthafrica.com www.dplg.gov.za www.reuters.com www.gcis.gov.za www.salga.net www.goav.za www.sanews.gov.za www.guardian.co.uk www.southafrica.info www.imc.org.za www.thedplg.gov.za

Suggested reading

Badat, S. 2012. The Forgotten People: Political Banishment Under Apartheid. Auckland Park: Jacana Media. Booysen, S. 2012. Local Elections in South Africa: Parties, People, Politics. Stellenbosch: Sun Media. Daniels, G. 2012. Fight for Democracy: The African National Congress and The Media in South Africa. Johannesburg: Wits University Press. Dubow, S. 2012. South Africa’s Struggle for Human Rights. Auckland Park: Jacana Media. Holland, H. 2012. 100 Years of Struggle: Mandela’s ANC. Johannesburg: Penguin Books. Landau, LB (ed). 2012. Exorcising the Demons Within: Xenophobia, Violence and Statecraft in Contemporary South Africa. Johannesburg: Wits University Press. Lissoni, A, Soske, J, Erlank, N, Nieftagodien, N & Badsha, O (eds). 2012. One Hundred Years of the ANC: Liberation Histories and Democracy Today. Johannesburg: Wits University Press. Lodge, T. 2013. Black Politics in South Africa Since 1945. Auckland Park: Jacana. Odendaal, A. 2012. The Founders: The Origins of the African National Congress and the Struggle for Democracy. Auckland Park: Jacana Media. Plaatjies, D (ed). 2012. Governance and Public Accountability in Democratic South Africa. Auckland Park: Jacana Media. Plaut, M & Holden, P. 2012. Who Rules South Africa? Cape Town: Jonathan Ball. Siddle, A & Koelble, T. 2012. The Failure of Decentralisation in South African Local Government: Complexity and Unanticipated Consequences. Cape Town: UCT Press. South African Democracy Education Trust (SADET). 2012. The Road to Democracy in South Africa, Volume 4, Parts 1 & 2 [1980 – 1990]. Pretoria: Unisa Press. Taljaard, R. 2012. Up in Arms: Pursuing Accountability for the Arms Deal in Parliament. Auckland Park: Jacana Media.

317 Government system

318