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Reader’s Guide

TOPICS AND CONCEPTS IN SOCIAL THEORY Exchange Coalitions Exchange Networks Affect Control Theory Exploitation AGIL Alienation Anomie Family Wage Authority Feminism Feminist Epistemology Feminist Ethics Body Film Bureaucracy Fordism and Post-Fordism Frame Analysis Capital Capitalism Gender Celebrity Genealogy Citizenship Generalized Exchange Civil Society Globalization Civility Governmentality Civilizing Processes Graph Theoretic Measures of Power Collective Conscience Green Movements Collective Memory Commitment Compulsory Heterosexuality Habitus Consumer Culture Herrschaft (Rule) Crime Hollywood Film Cultural Capital Holocaust Culture and Civilization Hyperreality

Deconstruction Ideal Type Democracy Identity Deviance Imperialism Dialectic Impression Management Discourse Individualism Disneyization Industrial Society Distributive Justice Internet and Cyberculture Dramaturgy Intimacy

Emergence Lesbian Continuum Emotion Work Levels of Social Structure Enchantment/Disenchantment Lifeworld Essentialism Logocentrism

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xii———ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOCIAL THEORY

Madness Social Space Male Gaze Social Studies of Science Maternal Thinking Social Worlds Matrix of Domination Socialism McDonaldization Sport Means of Consumption State Means of Production Statics and Dynamics Metatheory Status Relations Modernity Stratification Morality and Aesthetic Judgement Strength of Weak Ties Structuration Nationalism Surveillance and Society Negotiated Order Television and Social Theory Outsider-Within Time and Social Theory Total Institutions Paradigm Trust Patriarchy Political Economy Urbanization Popular Music Utopia Pornography and Cultural Studies Postcolonialism Verstehen Postmodernism Video and Computer Games Postsocial Vocabularies of Motives Power Power-Dependence Relations Procedural Justice THEORISTS Professions Alexander, Jeffrey Public Sphere Althusser, Louis Anzaldua, Gloria Rationalization Augé, Marc Reform Relational Cohesion Bartky, Sandra Lee Religion Bataille, Georges Religion in French Social Theory Baudrillard, Jean Revolution Bauman, Zygmunt Risk Society Beauvoir, Simone de Beck, Ulrich Sacred and Profane Becker, Howard Scottish Enlightenment Bell, Daniel Secularization Bellah, Robert Self and Self-Concept Benjamin, Jessica Sexuality and the Subject Benjamin, Walter Simulation Berger, Joseph Simulations Blau, Peter Social Capital Blumberg, Rae Social Class Blumer, Herbert Social Dilemma Bonald, Louis de Social Facts Bourdieu, Pierre Social Interaction Butler, Judith Social Market Economy (Soziale Markwirtschaft) Social Movement Theory Cassirer, Ernst Social Rationality Castoriadis, Cornelius FM-Ritzer.qxd 7/15/2004 3:21 PM Page xiii

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Certeau, Michel de Lawler, Edward Chafetz, Janet Lefebvre, Henri Chodorow, Nancy Lévi-Strauss, Claude Coleman, James Lindenberg, Siegwart Collins, Patricia Hill Lorde, Audre Collins, Randall Luhmann, Niklas Comte, Auguste Lukács, György Cook, Karen Cooley, Charles Horton Maistre, Joseph de Coser, Lewis Mann, Michael Mannheim, Karl Dahrendorf, Ralf Markovsky, Barry Davis, Angela Marx, Karl Debord, Guy Mead, George Herbert Deleuze, Gilles Merton, Robert Derrida, Jacques Mills, C. Wright Dilthey, Wilhelm Minnich, Elizabeth Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt (W. E. B) Molm, Linda Durkheim, Émile Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat

Eisenstadt, Shmuel N. Pareto, Vilfredo Elias, Norbert Park, Robert Emerson, Richard Parsons, Talcott Foucault, Michel Freud, Sigmund Rieff, Philip Ritzer, George Garfinkel, Harold Rorty, Richard Giddens, Anthony Rousseau, Jean-Jacques Gilligan, Carol Rubin, Gayle Gilman, Charlotte Perkins Ruddick, Sara Goffman, Erving Goldstone, Jack Sartre, Jean-Paul Gouldner, Alvin Saussure, Ferdinand de Gramsci, Antonio Scheler, Max Schütz, Alfred Habermas, Jürgen Simmel, Georg Hall, Stuart Smelser, Neil Harding, Sandra Smith, Dorothy Hartsock, Nancy Sombart, Werner Hawley, Amos Sorokin, Pitirim A. Heller, Agnes Spencer, Herbert Homans, George Strauss, Anselm Hughes, Everett Sumner, William Graham

Irigaray, Luce Taylor, Charles Thomas, William Isaac Jameson, Frederic Tilly, Charles Tocqueville, Alexis de Kristeva, Julia Tönnies, Ferdinand Touraine, Alain Lacan, Jacques Turner, Bryan Latour, Bruno Turner, Jonathan FM-Ritzer.qxd 7/15/2004 3:21 PM Page xiv

xiv———ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOCIAL THEORY

Veblen, Thorstein Labeling Theory Virilio, Paul Learning Theory Liberal Feminism Wallerstein, Immanuel Weber, Marianne Marxism Weber, Max Media Critique White, Harrison Willer, David Neo-Kantianism Wright, Erik Olin Network Exchange Theory Wuthnow, Robert Network Theory ˇ Zizˇek, Slavoj Phenomenology Znaniecki, Florian Witold Philosophical Anthropology Political Economy Positivism SCHOOLS AND Post-Marxism THEORETICAL APPROACHES Postmodernism Actor Network Theory Postsocial Annales School Poststructuralism Pragmatism Behaviorism Psychoanalysis and Social Theory

Cognitive Sociology Queer Theory Collège de Sociologie and Acéphale Complexity Theory Radical Feminism Conflict Theory Rational Choice Conversation Analysis Rhetorical Turn in Social Theory Cosmopolitan Sociology Role Theory Critical Pedagogy Cultural Marxism and British Cultural Studies Scottish Enlightenment Cultural Studies and the New Populism Semiology Situationists Ecofeminism Social Constructionism Ecological Theory Social Darwinism Elementary Theory Social Exchange Theory Ethnomethodology Social Studies of Science Evolutionary Theory Sociologies of Everyday Life Standpoint Theory Feminism Structural Functionalism Feminist Cultural Studies Structuralism Figurational Sociology Structuralist Marxism Frankfurt School Structuration Symbolic Interaction Game Theory General Systems Theory World-Systems Theory German Idealism CULTURAL THEORY Hermeneutics Althusser, Louis Historical and Comparative Theory Historical Materialism Bellah, Robert Historicism Benjamin, Walter Bourdieu, Pierre Institutional Theory Butler, Judith FM-Ritzer.qxd 7/15/2004 3:21 PM Page xv

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Celebrity Semiology Civility Sexuality and the Subject Civilizing Processes Simulation Collective Memory Situationists Consumer Culture Social Studies of Science Critical Pedagogy Sport Cultural Capital Cultural Marxism and British Cultural Studies Television and Social Theory Cultural Studies and the New Populism Turner, Bryan Culture and Civilization Utopia Debord, Guy Deleuze, Gilles Video and Computer Games Derrida, Jacques Virilio, Paul Dilthey, Wilhelm Discourse Wuthnow, Robert Disneyization Zˇizˇek, Slavoj Eisenstadt, Shmuel N. Elias, Norbert MARXIST AND NEO-MARXIST THEORY Feminist Cultural Studies Alienation Film Althusser, Louis Frankfurt School Bartky, Sandra Lee Genealogy Benjamin, Walter Gramsci, Antonio Bourdieu, Pierre

Hall, Stuart Capital Hermeneutics Capitalism Hollywood Film Castoriadis, Cornelius Hyperreality Cultural Marxism and British Cultural Studies

Individualism Davis, Angela Internet and Cyberculture Dialectic

Exploitation Jameson, Frederic Frankfurt School Latour, Bruno Lukács, György Gramsci, Antonio

McDonaldization Heller, Agnes Means of Consumption Historical Materialism Media Critique Morality and Aesthetic Judgement Imperialism

Popular Music Jameson, Frederic Pornography and Cultural Studies Postcolonialism Lefebvre, Henri Postmodernism Lukács, György Postsocial Marx, Karl Risk Society Marxism FM-Ritzer.qxd 7/15/2004 3:21 PM Page xvi

xvi———ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOCIAL THEORY

Means of Consumption Kristeva, Julia Means of Production Mills, C. Wright Lesbian Continuum Liberal Feminism Political Economy Lorde, Audre Post-Marxism Male Gaze Reform Maternal Thinking Revolution Matrix of Domination Minnich, Elizabeth Social Class Socialism Outsider-Within Structuralist Marxism Partriarchy World-Systems Theory Postmodernist Feminism Wright, Erik Olin Queer Theory Zˇizˇek, Slavoj

FEMINIST THEORY Radical Feminism Rubin, Gayle Anzaldua Gloria Ruddick, Sara

Bartky, Sandra Lee Sexuality and the Subject Beauvoir, Simone de Smith, Dorothy Benjamin, Jessica Standpoint Theory Blumberg, Rae Body Weber, Marianne Butler, Judith

Chafetz, Janet FRENCH SOCIAL THEORY Chodorow, Nancy Collins, Patricia Hill Althusser, Louis Compulsory Heterosexuality Annales School Anomie Davis, Angela Augé, Marc

Ecofeminism Bataille, Georges Essentialism Baudrillard, Jean Beauvoir, Simone de Family Wage Bonald, Louis de Feminism Bourdieu, Pierre Feminist Cultural Studies Feminist Epistemology Certeau, Michel de Feminist Ethics Collective Conscience Collège de Sociologie and Acéphale Gender Comte, Auguste Gilligan, Carol Gilman, Charlotte Perkins Debord, Guy Deconstruction Harding, Sandra Deleuze, Gilles Hartsock, Nancy Derrida, Jacques Discourse Irigaray, Luce Durkheim, Émile FM-Ritzer.qxd 7/15/2004 3:21 PM Page xvii

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Foucault, Michel Dahrendorf, Ralf Dilthey, Wilhelm Genealogy Governmentality Frankfurt School

Habitus German Idealism Hyperreality Green Movements

Habermas, Jürgen Irigaray, Luce Hermeneutics Herrschaft (Rule) Kristeva, Julia Historicism Holocaust Lacan, Jacques Latour, Bruno Ideal Type Lefebvre, Henri Lévi-Strauss, Claude Lifeworld Logocentrism Luhmann, Niklas

Marx, Karl Maistre, Jospeh de Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat Neo-Kantianism

Poststructuralism Phenomenology Philosophical Anthropology Positivismusstreit (Positivist Dispute) Religion in French Social theory Rousseau, Jean-Jacques Risk Society

Sacred and Profane Scheler, Max Sartre, Jean-Paul Simmel, Georg Saussure, Ferdinand de Social Action Semiology Social Market Economy (Soziale Markwirtscaft) Situationists Sombart, Werner Social Facts Statics and Dynamics Tönnies, Ferdinand Structuralism Structuralist Marxism Verstehen

Weber, Marianne Tocqueville, Alexis de Weber, Max Touraine, Alain Werturteilsstreit (Value Judgment Dispute) Virilio, Paul BRITISH SOCIAL THEORY Bauman, Zygmunt GERMAN SOCIAL THEORY Body Authority Citizenship Beck, Ulrich Civilizing Processes Benjamin, Walter Cultural Marxism and British Cultural Studies

Cassirer, Ernst Elias, Norbert Cosmopolitan Sociology Culture and Civilization Figurational Sociology FM-Ritzer.qxd 7/15/2004 3:21 PM Page xviii

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Giddens, Anthony Goffman, Erving Goldstone, Jack Hall, Stuart Gouldner, Alvin

Mann, Michael Harding, Sandra Hartsock, Nancy Postmodernism Hawley, Amos Hollywood Film Scottish Enlightenment Homans, George Spencer, Herbert Hughes, Everett Structuration Jameson, Frederic Turner, Bryan Labeling Theory AMERICAN SOCIAL THEORY Lawler, Edward AGIL Learning Theory Alexander, Jeffrey Liberal Feminism Anzaldua, Gloria Lorde, Audre

Bartky, Sandra Lee Markovsky, Barry Becker, Howard McDonaldization Behaviorism Mead, George Herbert Bell, Daniel Merton, Robert Bellah, Robert Minnich, Elizabeth Benjamin, Jessica Molm, Linda Berger, Joseph Blau, Peter Park, Robert Blumer, Herbert Parsons, Talcott Butler, Judith Pragmatism

Chafetz, Janet Rieff, Philip Chodorow, Nancy Ritzer, George Coleman, James Rorty, Richard Collins, Patricia Hill Rubin, Gayle Collins, Randall Ruddich, Sara Conversation Analysis Cook, Karen Smelser, Neil Cooley, Charles Horton Strauss, Anselm Coser, Lewis Structural Functionalism Sumner, William Graham Davis, Angela Symbolic Interaction Dramaturgy Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt (W. E. B) Thomas, William Isaac Tilly, Charles Emerson, Richard Turner, Jonathan Ethnomethodology Veblen, Thorstein Fordism and Post-Fordism Frame Analysis Wallerstein, Immanuel White, Harrison Garfinkel, Harold Willer, David Gilligan, Carol Wright, Erik Olin Gilman, Charlotte Perkins Wuthnow, Robert FM-Ritzer.qxd 7/15/2004 3:21 PM Page xix

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OTHER/MULTIPLE Mead, George Herbert NATIONAL TRADITIONS Negotiated Order Castoriadis, Cornelius Phenomenology Eisenstadt, Shmuel N. Pragmatism

Gramsci, Antonio Rieff, Philip Role Theory Heller, Agnes Sartre, Jean-Paul Lindenberg, Siegwart Schütz, Alfred Lukács, György Self and Self-Concept Simmel, Georg Mannheim, Karl Smith, Dorothy Social Constructionism Pareto, Vilfredo Social Interaction Social Studies of Science Schütz, Alfred Social Worlds Smith, Dorothy Sociologies of Everyday Life Strauss, Anselm Taylor, Charles Symbolic Interaction ˇ ˇ Zizek, Slavoj Total Institutions Znaniecki, Florian Witold Verstehen MICRO-INTERACTIONIST THEORY Znaniecki, Florian Witold Becker, Howard Blumer, Herbert MICROBEHAVIORIST THEORY Cognitive Sociology Affect Control Theory Collective Memory Conversation Analysis Behaviorism Cooley, Charles Horton Berger, Joseph Crime Blau, Peter

Deviance Coleman, James Dramaturgy Commitment Cook, Karen Emotion Work Ethnomethodology Distributive Justice

Frame Analysis Elementary Theory Emerson, Richard Garfinkel, Harold Exchange Coalitions Goffman, Erving Exchange Networks Hughes, Everett Game Theory Identity Generalized Exchange Impression Management Graph Theoretic Measures of Power

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Lawler, Edward General Systems Theory Lindenberg, Siegwart Giddens, Anthony Globalization Markovsky, Barry Goldstone, Jack Molm, Linda Gouldner, Alvin

Network Exchange Theory Hawley, Amos Network Theory Heller, Agnes Historical and Comparative Theory Power-Dependence Relations Historical Materialism Procedural Justice

Rational Choice Ideal Type Relational Cohesion Imperialism Industrial Society Simulations Institutional Theory Social Dilemma Social Exchange Theory Luhmann, Niklas Social Rationality Status Relations Mann, Michael Strength of Weak Ties Marx, Karl Marxism Trust McDonaldization Merton, Robert Willer, David Mills, C. Wright Modernity MACROSOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES AGIL Nationalism Alexander, Jeffrey Annales School Park, Robert Parsons, Talcott Bell, Daniel Bellah, Robert Rationalization Blumberg, Rae Revolution Risk Society Capital Ritzer, George Capitalism Chafetz, Janet Secularization Collective Conscience Smelser, Neil Collins, Randall Social Class Conflict Theory Social Darwinism Coser, Lewis Social Facts Culture and Civilization Social Market Economy Social Movement Theory Dahrendorf, Ralf Sorokin, Pitirim Disneyization Spencer, Herbert Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt (W. E. B) State Durkheim, Émile Statics and Dynamics Ecological Theory Structural Functionalism Eisenstadt, Shmuel N. Sumner, William Graham Enchantment/Disenchantment Evolutionary Theory Tilly, Charles Tönnies, Ferdinand Fordism and Post-Fordism Turner, Jonathan FM-Ritzer.qxd 7/15/2004 3:21 PM Page xxi

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Urbanization Gilligan, Carol

Wallerstein, Immanuel Irigaray, Luce Weber, Max White, Harrison Kristeva, Julia World-Systems Theory Wright, Erik Olin Lacan, Jacques Wuthnow, Robert Male Gaze COMPARATIVE AND HISTORICAL THEORY Civilizing Processes Psychoanalysis and Social Theory

Elias, Norbert Rieff, Philip

Giddens, Anthony Sexuality and the Subject Globalization ˇ ˇ Goldstone, Jack Zizek, Slavoj

Historical and Comparative Theory POSTMODERN THEORY Body Ideal Type Butler, Judith Industrial Society Institutional Theory Deconstruction Deleuze, Gilles Mann, Michael Derrida, Jacques Discourse Nationalism Essentialism Revolution Foucault, Michel Smelser, Neil Social Movement Theory Genealogy Sorokin, Pitirim Governmentality State Hyperreality Tilly, Charles Tocqueville, Alexis de Jameson, Frederic

Lacan, Jacques Wallerstein, Immanuel Logocentrism Weber, Max World-Systems Theory Postcolonialism PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY Post-Marxism Postsocial Benjamin, Jessica Poststructuralism Body Rorty, Richard Castoriadis, Cornelius Chodorow, Nancy Simulation Situationists Freud, Sigmund Social Constructionism FM-Ritzer.qxd 7/15/2004 3:21 PM Page xxii

xxii———ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SOCIAL THEORY

Virilio, Paul Taylor, Charles Tilly, Charles Zˇizˇek, Slavoj Tocqueville, Alexis de Touraine, Alain

POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT Utopia Alexander, Jeffrey Authority METHOD AND METATHEORY Agency-Structure Integration Bonald, Louis de Collins, Randall Castoriadis, Cornelius Citizenship Dilthey, Wilhelm Civil Society Cosmopolitan Sociology Essentialism Cultural Marxism and British Cultural Studies Feminist Epistemology Cultural Studies and the New Populism Genealogy Democracy German Idealism Distributive Justice Hermeneutics Governmentality Historicism Gramsci, Antonio Levels of Social Structure Green Movements Metatheory Habermas, Jürgen Micro-Macro Integration Herrschaft (Rule) Historical and Comparative Theory Paradigm Positivism Identity Politics Positivismusstreit (Positivist Dispute) Imperialism Postmodernism Rhetorical Turn in Social Theory Maistre, Joseph de Ritzer, George Marxism Rorty, Richard Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat Structuration Nationalism Taylor, Charles Political Economy Theory Construction Post-Marxism Turner, Jonathan Power Verstehen Procedural Justice Public Sphere Werturteilsstreit (Value Judgment Dispute)

Reform Revolution ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY Rousseau, Jean-Jacques Capital Capitalism Scottish Enlightenment Consumer Culture Socialism State Exploitation FM-Ritzer.qxd 7/15/2004 3:21 PM Page xxiii

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Family Wage Rational Choice Fordism and Post-Fordism Reform

Game Theory Scottish Enlightenment Historical Materialism Social Class Social Market Economy Imperialism Socialism Industrial Society Sombart, Werner Stratification Marx, Karl Marxism Veblen, Thorstein Means of Consumption Means of Production Wallerstein, Immanuel Pareto, Vilfredo Weber, Max Political Economy World-Systems Theory Post-Marxism Wright, Erik Olin