Haydonstone House, Silver Street South Cerney Gloucestershire

Archaeological Watching Brief

for Mr Rob Wooldridge

CA Project: 5815 CA Report: 16328

June 2016

Haydonstone House, Silver Street South Cerney Gloucestershire

Archaeological Watching Brief

CA Project: 5815 CA Report: 16328

Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by A 29 June Marino Ian Barnes Internal Client comment IB 2016 Cardelli and review Alex Thomson

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

CONTENTS

SUMMARY ...... 2

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 3

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ...... 3

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ...... 4

4. METHODOLOGY ...... 5

5. RESULTS (FIG 2) ...... 5

8. DISCUSSION ...... 5

9. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 6

10. REFERENCES ...... 6

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 7

APPENDIX B: OASIS REPORT FORM...... 8

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 The site, showing location of observed groundworks (1:500).

1 © Cotswold Archaeology Haydonstone House, Silver Street, South Cerney Gloucestershire: Archaeological Watching Brief

SUMMARY

Project Name: Haydonstone House Location: Silver Street, South Cerney, Gloucestershire NGR: SU 0479 9773 Type: Watching Brief Date: 13 June 2016 Planning Reference: 15/05149/FUL Site Code: HHSC 16

An archaeological watching brief was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology during groundworks associated with the demolition of an existing house and garage and the construction of a two-storey house at Haydonstone House, Silver Street, South Cerney, Gloucestershire.

No features or deposits of archaeological interest were observed during groundworks, and no artefactual material was recovered.

2 © Cotswold Archaeology Haydonstone House, Silver Street, South Cerney Gloucestershire: Archaeological Watching Brief

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In June 2016 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological watching brief for Mr Rob Wooldridge at Haydonstone House, Silver Street, South Cerney, Gloucestershire (centred at NGR: SU 0479 9773; Fig.1) The watching brief was undertaken to fulfil a condition attached to a planning consent granted by Cotswold District Council (CDC), for a the demolition of an existing house and garage and the construction of a new two-storey residential property (CDC ref: 15/05149/FUL, Condition 8).

1.2 The watching brief was carried out in accordance with a detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2016) and approved by Charles Parry, Archaeologist, Gloucestershire County Council (GCC), the archaeological advisor to CDC. The fieldwork also followed Standard and guidance: Archaeological watching brief (CIfA 2014).

The site

1.3 The proposed development area is approximately 0.13ha in extent, and comprises of an existing house and garage with surrounding gardens and planted tree/hedge boundaries. The property is bounded to the east by Silver Street, by fields to the west and south and by Stroma House and associated gardens to the north. The site lies at approximately 93m AOD and is broadly flat. 1.4 The underlying bedrock geology of the area is mapped as Kellaways Sand Member, Sandstone and Siltstone, Interbedded, of the Jurassic Period (BGS 2016). The natural geological substrate was observed in both areas of groundworks and consisted of clay.

2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND

2.1 The site has not been the subject of previous archaeological assessment. The following therefore represents a brief summary of archaeological evidence pertinent to the understanding of the site.

2.2 The origins of South Cerney lie in the pre-conquest period, and it has a charter from AD 999. The core of the medieval settlement lies around the church of All Hallows

3 © Cotswold Archaeology Haydonstone House, Silver Street, South Cerney Gloucestershire: Archaeological Watching Brief

which is approximately 200m to the south-east of the development site. As well as the potential for Saxon and medieval archaeology there is evidence of prehistoric and Romano-British archaeology in the wider vicinity, suggesting continuing multi- phase activity or occupation within South Cerney (CA 2002).

2.3 There is currently no recorded evidence for prehistoric activity within the site boundary however, a number of Bronze Age Round Barrows identified via cropmarks, one of which is located approximately 0.9km to the north-east of site, as well as trackways and field systems, represent significant possible prehistoric activity within the surrounding landscape. Stone tools, including a Neolithic flint blade, Palaeolithic handaxes and Bronze Age palstaves have also been recovered from different locations. There is potential for prehistoric activity to extend into the proposed development site and Roman settlement evidence is noted in the vicinity of South Cerney.

2.4 The remains of South Cerney Medieval Castle (Scheduled Ancient Monument - EHNMR-633723; see Fig 2 for location) lie immediately to the south of the site. The castle is likely to be of Norman or 12th century origin and excavation work in the 1930s recorded 13th to 17th century pottery and stone structures (ADS 2016). A number of small-scale archaeological interventions within the vicinity of the site revealed no other archaeological features (CA 2000; 2003).

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

3.1 The objectives of the archaeological works were:

 to monitor groundworks, and to identify, investigate and record all significant buried archaeological deposits revealed on the site during the course of the development groundworks;

 at the conclusion of the project, to produce an integrated archive for the project work and a report setting out the results of the project and the archaeological conclusions that can be drawn from the recorded data.

4 © Cotswold Archaeology Haydonstone House, Silver Street, South Cerney Gloucestershire: Archaeological Watching Brief

4. METHODOLOGY

4.1 The fieldwork followed the methodology set out within the WSI (CA 2016). An archaeologist was present during intrusive groundworks including the excavation of foundations and service trenches in two main areas, Trenches 1 and 2 (see Fig. 2 for their location and extent).

4.2 Where archaeological deposits were encountered written, graphic and photographic records were compiled in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual.

4.3 The archive from the watching brief is currently held by CA at their offices in Kemble and will be deposited with Corinium Museum, Cirencester. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix B will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

5. RESULTS (FIG. 2)

5.1 The natural geological substrate , consisted of clay (103 and 202). It was revealed at a typical depth of between 0.50m and 0.55m below present ground level (bpgl). This was overlain by silty-sand subsoil, 102 and 201, which measured 0.4m in thickness. This was in turn sealed by modern demolition rubble 101 within the former house footprint, measuring 0.20m in thickness. Outside of the former house footprint, topsoil 102 and 201 was observed. This contained a range of modern artefactual material (including glass, plastic and CBM), none of which was retained.

5.2 No features or deposits of archaeological interest were observed during groundworks and, despite visual scanning of spoil, no artefactual material was recovered.

8. DISCUSSION

8.1 Despite the archaeological potential of the application area (see archaeological background above) the watching brief identified no archaeological remains within the area of observed groundworks. The absence of archaeological deposits may

5 © Cotswold Archaeology Haydonstone House, Silver Street, South Cerney Gloucestershire: Archaeological Watching Brief

indicate that they either do not extend as far as or were not exposed by the development.

9. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by Marino Cardelli. The report was written by Marino Cardelli and Alex Thomson. The illustrations were prepared by Rosanna Price. The archive has been compiled by Marino Cardelli, and prepared for deposition by Hazel O’Neill. The project was managed for CA by Ian Barnes.

10. REFERENCES

ADS (Archaeological Data Service) 2016 South Cerney Castle http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archsearch/record.jsf?titleId=1846387, accessed 29 June 2016

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2016 Geology of Britain Viewer http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geology.viewer_google/googleviewer.html, accessed 29 June 2016

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2000 Little Orchard, Silver Street, South Cerney, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Watching Brief, CA report No. 001181

CA 2002 Dunromin/Coal yard, South Cerney, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation, CA report No. 02106

CA 2003 Land adjacent to Orchard House, Upper Up, South Cerney, Gloucestershire: Programme of Archaeological Recording, CA Report No. 03129

CA 2016 Haydonstone House, Silver Street, South Cerney, Gloucestershire: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Watching Brief

6 © Cotswold Archaeology Haydonstone House, Silver Street, South Cerney Gloucestershire: Archaeological Watching Brief

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Trench Context Type Context Description L (m) W (m) Depth No. No. interpretation /thick ness (m) 1 100 Deposit Demolition Layer Demolition layer, rubble and 21.5 11.6 0.15 modern material from the pre-existing house 1 101 Layer Topsoil brown silty clay made ground >3.9 >21 0.20 gardening soil. 1 102 Layer Subsoil Mid yellow silty sand matrix >11 >21 0.30 with rare concentration of sub-angular pebbles. 1 103 Layer Natural Mid yellow brown possible >11 >21 >0.30 alluvial clay 1 104 Structure Concrete Modern wall footing of the 10 5 0.40 pre-existing house. 2 200 Layer Topsoil brown silty clay made ground >7 >3 0.20 gardening soil. 2 201 Layer Subsoil Mid yellow silty sand matrix >7 >3 0.50 with rare concentration of sub-angular pebbles. 2 202 Layer Natural Mid yellow brown possible >7 >3 >0.10 alluvial clay

APPENDIX B: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS

Project Name Haydonstone House, Silver Street, South Cerney, Gloucestershire Short description An archaeological watching brief was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology during groundworks associated with the demolition of an existing house and garage and the construction of a two-storey house at Haydonstone House, Silver Street, South Cerney, Gloucestershire.

No features or deposits pre-dating the modern period or of archaeological interest were observed during groundworks, and no artefactual material was recovered. Project dates 13 June 2016 Project type Archaeological Watching Brief

Previous work None

Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Silver Street ,South Cerney, Glouchestershire

Study area (M2/ha) 0.13ha Site co-ordinates SU 0479 9773

PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology

Project Manager Ian Barnes Project Supervisor Marino Cardelli MONUMENT TYPE None SIGNIFICANT FINDS None PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content (museum/Accession no.

Physical N/A None

Paper Corinium Museum Field recording forms and registers

Digital Corinium Museum Digital photos, typescript report

BIBLIOGRAPHY

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2016 Haydontstone House, Silver Street, South Cerney, Gloucestershire: Archaeological Watching Brief. CA typescript report 16328

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0010001000 SPSP

9990009000

9980008000 Site

9970007000

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SUSU R Andover 01264 347630 COUNTY OF N HEREFORDSHIRE Cirencester 01285 771022 Cotswold Exeter 01392 826185 Archaeology Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk GLOUCESTERSHIRE e [email protected] PROJECT TITLE OXFORDSHIRE Site boundary Haydonstone House, Silver Street, South Cerney, Gloucestershire South Cerney Castle, SOUTH READING GLOUCESTERSHIRE Scheduled Ancient FIGURE TITLE

CITY OF Site location plan BRISTOL WEST Monument BOUROUGH OF NORTH BERKSHIRE SOMERSET SWINDON 0 1km BATH AND NE SOMERSET FIGURE NO. WILTSHIRE WOKINGHAM Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey digital Explorer map with DRAWN BY RP PROJECT NO. 5815 the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller CHECKED BY LM DATE 18.07.16 of Her Majesty's Stationery Office c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109 APPROVED BY IB SCALE@A4 1:25,000 1 04800 97800

Site boundary Area of observation

Silver Street T2

97700 0 20m

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey digital mapping with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office &URZQFRS\ULJKW&RWVZROG$UFKDHRORJ\/WG Site of South Cerney Castle, Andover 01264 347630 Scheduled Ancient monument Cirencester 01285 771022 Exeter 01392 826185 Milton Keynes 01908 564660 w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Haydonstone House, Silver Street, South Cerney, Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE The site, showing location of observed groundworks

DRAWN BY RP PROJECT NO. 5815 FIGURE NO. CHECKED BY LM DATE 18.07.16 SU APPROVED BY IB SCALE@A3 1:500 2 C:\Users\rosanna.price\appdata\local\temp\AcPublish_5156\5815 South Cerney WB Fig 02.dwg