U C L A D E P A R T M E N T O F L I N G U I S T I C S Volume 3, Issue 1 September 2003

INSIDE THIS ISSUE The UCLA Phonetics Archive 1 A Unique Course Offering Peter Ladefoged 1 The UCLA Phonetics Archive The UCLA Phonetics Archive at http://hctv.humnet.ucla.edu/de­ 1 A Productive New Hire partments/linguistics/VowelsandConsonants/ is getting around 2 Visitors 100 hits a day from all over the world. This web site contains 2 A message from a visiting student recordings of many of the languages that have been investigated 2 Graduates and Alumni by members of the UCLA Phonetics Lab. It's fun to visit, as you 3 High Honors for Alumni can hear the sounds of languages from Arabic to Zulu. Many 3 Pima Boys lesser known languages are also represented, such as Nama, 4 Out of Africa which has numerous clicks, Caucasian languages with their 5 GALAntly representing UCLA deep­throated pharyngeal sounds, and languages from the Ama­ 5 Presenting Sun­Ah Jun zonian rain forest that use sounds formed by trilling the lips. The 5 Phonetics Lab Acquires New Electroglottograph database, which includes several hundred of the estimated 800 5 Teaching About Learning possible speech sounds in the languages of the world, is used by 6 Know what we did last summer? research scholars and students. The principle aim is to present 6 Semantics at UCLA contrasting sounds so as to provide illustrations of the range of 6 New Audio Technology the linguistic phonetic abilities of mankind. But the speech sam­ 6 Tour de France ples are also useful to those who simply want to know how the sibilants of Polish differ from the similar sounds in Chinese. A Unique Course Offering Roughly two years out of three, Pam Munro teaches Linguistics A Productive New Hire 114, an introduction to American Indian linguistics in which a Kie Zuraw, a recent addition to our department, has been a busy native speaking elder attends class once a week to help the stu­ phonologist lately. She was as invited to give colloquium talks dents learn about her language (they also study general charac­ at two other UC campuses: at UC Santa Barbara in October on teristics of American Indian languages and work independently reduplicative construals and at UC Berkeley in February on in­ with a grammar of their choosing). The class presents a special fixation in Tagalog. She was also invited to give a talk at a teaching challenge, since it has no prerequisites (it serves as a workshop on the cognitive science of language at Johns Hopkins requirement for American Indian Studies programs) and draws a in January about phonotactics and the distribution of optional disparate audience of linguistics majors and non­linguists with rules. The workshop was sponsored by Hopkins' Cognitive Sci­ no linguistics background. ence department's IGERT NSF program on integrating formal and empirical methods in the cognitive science of language. Currently the focus language of the course is Chickasaw, an en­ Also, thanks to a travel grant from the Faculty Senate's Commit­ dangered Muskogean language of Oklahoma which Munro has tee on Research, she went to Montpellier, France in May/June to been studying since 1977. Catherine Willmond, Munro's long­ give a talk at the 5th international meeting of the Groupe de time consultant and collaborator, has partipated in seven offer­ recherché phonologie, France's nationwide, CNRS­funded ings of Linguistics 114 (as well as making numerous guest ap­ phonology research group. She was very pleased to meet the pearances in other linguistics and American Indian Studies phonologists of France. classes and assisting six Linguistics and Applied Linguistics graduate students with theses and dissertations). In addition to her numberous talks, in the winter quarter of 2003, she worked with then­UCLA­senior Philip Monk to devel­ In the quarter following each offering of Linguistics 114 Munro op a web­based setup for experiments in Tagalog mor­ and Willmond teach an advanced followup seminar (numbered phophonology. Tagalog speakers anywhere in the world will be 199) in which students study more Chickasaw and pursue inde­ able to surf in and participate in experiments from their desk­ pendent research topics. As part of this course, students write tops. Philip graduated last quarter, but this summer they will short stories in Chickasaw which are edited with Willmond's continue working on the project, and hope to have data rolling in help. A seventh volume of the International Journal of Chicka­ soon. saw Creative Writing featuring 11 new stories appeared in June. Continued on page 2, column 1

UCLA, Department of Linguistics 1 “ A Productive New Hire” continuted from page 1, column 2 A Message From a Visiting Student Besides these projects, she also has recently published the follow­ ing: Maria J. Arche (Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain)

Zuraw, Kie (2002). Aggressive reduplication. Phonology I first came to the UCLA linguistics department as an exchange 19. (page numbers not yet determined) student for the 1999­2000 academic year. I had an unforgettable experience, that why I have done my best to come again. And so I did: I came back for the spring 2002 and winter 2003. In my Zuraw, Kie (2003). Optimality Theory in linguistics. opinion, four factors that make the department special contribut­ In Michael Arbib, editor, Handbook of Brain Theory and ed to my enjoyment. First, everyone in the department (grad stu­ dents, professors, and staff) have been remarkably welcoming, Neural Networks, 2nd edition. Cambridge, MA: MIT so I felt home since the very beginning. Second, professors work Press. Pp. 819­822. with students in a very close and intense way, which helps the students make fast progress. I never heard “I can’ t” from any Zuraw, Kie (2002). Vowel reduction in Palauan member of the faculty that I asked to have an appointment with. I have mostly interacted with syntacticians and semanticists, reduplicants. Proceedings of AFLA 8: The Eighth and, in particular, on my own work Tim Stowell and Daniel Meeting of the Austronesian Formal Linguistics Büring footprints are easily recognizable. They are a cocktail of Association. MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 44. Pp. professionalism and seriousness with lots of generosity. Third, apart from the individual work between grad students and pro­ 385­398. fessors, the program provides seminars and colloquia, excellent settings for interchange of ideas and feedback, where syntacti­ Zuraw, Kie (2003). Probability in language change. In cians and semanticists, phonologists and phoneticians, psy­ cholinguists, mathematical linguists, and researches of African Rens Bod, Jennifer Hay, and Stephanie Jannedy, and American Indian languages meet. Post­colloquium lunches editors, Probabilistic Linguistics. Cambridge, MA: MIT and post­seminar parties were very nice opportunities to get to Press. Pp. 139­176. know everybody. Forth, I had the feeling that all the resources worked. All this creates a very fruitful atmosphere for study and research, for discussion, learning and friendship. In addition to her many linguistics activities, Kie has been produc­ It has been really hard for me to leave each time I have come tive in other realms as well. Three pairs of shoes that she designed here. And watch out­­ I am looking forward to being back soon. (with Lily's help) and made appear in Lily M. Chin's The Urban Knitter. The book describes her as an assistant professor at USC, which she was when the book went to press. Alumni Visitors UCLA linguistics PhDs have been very successful in an ever tighter job market during the last three years. A large number of Our department continues to be a popular one for visiting students, post­docs and scholars, who all come here to teach, learn, and ­­­ let's our graduates managed to land permanent or tenure track posi­ face it ­­­ enjoy the weather. tions:

Among our more recent visitors were Elma Blom and Erica Misha Becker (August 2000; Nina Hyams and Ed Sta­ Thrift (Netherlands; both completed their dissertations at the bler, co­chairs) "The Development of the Copula in Universities of Utrecht and Amsterdam, respectively) in the psy­ Child English: The lightness of `be'". She accepted a cholinguistics lab, Maria Arche (Spain), Jan Bruners (Ger­ tenure track job in language acquisition at the Universi­ ty of North Carolina. many), Lisa Brunetti (Italy), Leonie Cornips (Netherlands), Elly van Gelderen (US), Chungmin Lee (Korea), Ora Edward Garrett (January 2001; Carson Schutze and Matushansky (US), and Benjamin Spector (France) in syntax Dominique Sportiche, co­chairs) "Evidentiality and As­ and semantics. sertion in Tibetan". He started on tenure track syntax position at Eastern Michigan. Another visitor, Manola Salustri from Italy, liked her visit with us in 2001 so much that she decided to enter our PhD program Jie Zhang (June 2001; Donca Steriade, chair) "The Ef­ in 2002 (and we're still working on the others...). fects of Duration and Sonority on Contour Tone Distri­ bution – Typological Survey and Formal Analysis". Jie Christine Gunlogson, 2001 PhD from UCSC, taught for us as a was a Visiting Assistant Professor at Harvard 2002­3, UC post­doc for the academic year 2001­2. A number of other and will start a tenure track in phonology at U of scholars from all over the globe accepted our invitation to teach Kansas this fall. or co­teach a minicourse, or a regular quarter­long course, among them Steven Crain (acquisition), Pauline Jacobson (syntax/semantics), Christopher Kennedy Hendrik Harkema (September 2001; Ed Stabler, (syntax/semantics), Michael Moortgat (computational), Arnim chair) "Parsing Minimalist Languages". Now works as von Stechow (semantics), Luigi Rizzi (syntax, acquisition), a research staff in the Department of Computer Science University of Sheffield, UK Adriana Belletti, Guglielmo Cinque, Carlo Cecchetto, and Continued on page 3, column 1 Martin Prinzhorn (all syntax).

UCLA, Department of Linguistics 2 "Alumni" Continued from page 2, column2

Christina Foreman (August 2001; Sun­Ah Jun, chair) "The Use of Contrastive Focus of High­Functioning Children with Autism". Now tenure track Assistant Professor, Dept. of Communication Disorders, Univer­ sity of Massachusetts. Dani Byrd, who earned her PhD from UCLA in 1994 (Pat Keat­ Taehong Cho (August 2001; Sun­Ah Jun and Pat ing, chair), received the prestigious R. Bruce Lindsey Award Keating, co­chair), "Effects of Prosody on Articulation in English". Now Scientific Staff Member at the Max from the Acoustic Society of America in April of 2003. This Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, the award is presented to junior scientists who have `... contributed Netherlands.

Kamil Ud Deen (Summer 2002; Applied Linguistics) or applied acoustics, or both.' (ASA blurb). Byrd was honored "The Acquisition of Nairobi Swahili: The Morphosyn­ tax of Prefixes and Subjects." He has a tenure track po­ for her research on motor control and timing in speech produc­ sition in language acquisition at the Dept. of Linguis­ tion, and her model of `prosodic gestures', developed in collabo­ tics, University of Hawaii. ration with Boston University's Elliot Saltzman. After working Masangu Deus Matondo (Winter Quarter 2003; Don­ ­ ca Steriade and Tom Hinnebusch, co­chairs) "Prosodic morphology and tones in Kisukuma". He will be start­ turned to LA in 1999, when she got hired at the University of ing a ladder tract position at the University of Florida, Southern California, where she `... single­handedly built a Gainesville, teaching Swahili and Linguistics, in Fall 2003. phonetics laboratory and a phonetics program and added sub­ Others started working in linguistics or linguistics­relat­ ed jobs and postdocs: stantially to the phonology program at USC' (Dean of the Col­ Peter Hallman (August 2000; Dominique Sportiche, chair) lege of Letters, Arts and Sciences Joseph Aoun). Unsurprisingly, "The Structure of Predicates: Interactions of Deriva­ tion, Case and Quantification". Teaches at McGill Uni­ she recently got tenure at USC and will hopefully stay in our versity, Canada. neighborhood for years to come. J. Matt Pearson (December 2000; Ed Keenan and Timothy Stowell,co­chairs) "The Clause Structure of Malagasy: A Minimalist Approach". He has been a Visiting As­ sistant Professor at Reid College for the past 3 years. Pima Boys Mary Baltazani (October 2002; Sun­Ah Jun, chair) "Quanti­ Marcus Smith and Eric Jackson received a Phillips Fund Grant fier scope and the role of intonation in Greek". Now from the American Philosophical Society to do fieldwork on teaching at the the University of Crete, Greece. Pima for the coming year. This will continue work that they Melissa Epstein (May 2002; Pat Keating and Jody had done this year on a grant from the UCLA Institute of Kreiman, co­chairs) "Voice Quality and Prosody in En­ glish". Started a postdoc at Johns Hopkins Vocal Tract American Cultures. They are looking at issues relating to Visualization Lab Oral and Craniofacial verbs in Pima (argument structure and argument relations, Biological Sciences University of Maryland Dental verb morphology), as well as a small project on the phonetics School. of the Pima vowel system. This work originally began in the Adam Albright (June 2002; Bruce Hayes and Donca 2000­2001 Field Methods class. Eric presented part of it at Steriade, co­chairs) "The Identification of Bases in Morphological Paradigms". Got a teaching post doc the Workshop on American Indigenous Languages in Santa for 2002­4 at UC Santa Cruz. Barbara in 2002, and he will be presenting some of the pho­ netics work at the Meeting of the Linguistics Association of Gianluca Storto (July 2003; Daniel Buring, chair) "Possessives in Context". Started on a 3 year postdoc­ the Southwest this fall. Marcus has been documenting the toral fellowship at the University of Rochester this possible argument structure alternations possible with Pima spring. verbs: causatives, applicatives, passives, spray­load alterna­ Ivano Caponigro (July 2003, Daniel Buring, chair) tions, etc. He currently has about 350 verb forms in his "Free Not to Ask­­ The Semantics of Free Relatives". database, and plans on adding many more. Marcus was also He will start a 2 year postdoctoral teaching fellowship working on asymmetries in Pima coordinate structures, and at the University of Maryland. did a crosslinguistic survey of roughly 110 languages to see how robust the Pima patterns were. He made structural gener­ Up in the higher ranks, UCLA linguistics alumna Heather K. Hardy, alizations based on these languages, which he recently pre­ who received her Ph.D. in 1979 ("Tolkapaya Syntax: Aspect, Modality, sented at the Berkeley Linguistics Society conference last and Adverbial Modification in a Yavapai Dialect"; Pam Munro, chair), February . has recently been appointed Dean of Liberal Arts at Colorado State University in Fort Collins. UCLA, Department of Linguistics 3 In the spring of 2002, Leston Buell won a generous Lenart Grad­ uate Travel Fellowship to conduct three months of linguistic re­ search on Zulu in South Africa last summer. Living with a Zulu family in a suburb of the KwaZulu­Natal South Coast town of Port Shepstone, Leston was able to make extensive use of prima­ ry Zulu materials unavailable in the U.S., including daily newspa­ pers and school textbooks. In daily one­on­one sessions with a native speaker, Leston collected data for his dissertation on Zulu syntax, which will deal primarily with argument structure and subject raising. At the end of his stay, this dissertation work cul­ Dr. Alhaji Maina Gimba (left), Malam Kariya Gambo, a Karekare­speaking as­ minated in him giving a colloquium at the University of the Wit­ sociate, and Russ Schuh in Potiskum, Nigeria, August 2002 watersrand in Johannesburg. He also collected data on lexical and Out of Africa grammatical tone, with the hope of collaborating with UCLA Russ Schuh has gone full circle in his research program. When Russ Zulu instructor Dr. Zilungile Sosibo on an introductory Zulu tone was a PhD student in our own department, he spent a year in north­ workbook. eastern Nigeria in the town of Potiskum doing field research on the While most of his time in South Africa was spent in academic Ngizim language for his dissertation. Now, more than 30 years later, pursuits, Leston also managed to do some teaching in a poor rural with the support of a National Science Foundation grant, he is return­ elementary school. He also found the time not only to visit vari­ ing to Potiskum for several weeks each year in 2002, 2003, and 2004 ous universities and meet with local Esperantists, but also to for more work, not only on Ngizim, but also four other languages­­ Bade, Bole, Karekare, and Ngamo­­also spoken in or near Potiskum. check out first hand the state of medical care in South Africa by Russ and his former student, Dr. Alhaji Maina Gimba, who is now on undergoing surgery for a very painful kidney stone he developed the faculty at the University of Maiduguri, are working with speakers near the end of his stay. of the five languages with the ultimate goal of not only documenting the languages but of getting speakers the languages excited about During the summer of 2002, Harold Torrence traveled to Dakar, reading and writing in the their own languages. Russ and Alhaji Gim­ Senegal to do fieldwork on Wolof. During his two month stay ba are training their co­workers to collect and accurately transcribe there, he had the opportunity to live with a Wolof family. The their languages. During Russ's visit to Potiskum in 2002, in just five fieldwork was part of his dissertation research on the syntax of weeks the research team was able to put together a booklet on tradi­ tional marriage and birth customs for the five groups and have it local­ Wh constructions in Wolof. Harold also wanted to improve his ly published. It is now reportedly a best seller! Ultimately, the Wolof speaking and listening skills. As it is difficult to find project will produce at least a couple of collections of texts for each Wolof materials here in the United States, Harold was delighted language as well as dictionaries for each language. These will all be to obtain texts that are practically impossible to procure outside of locally published and distributed. The project should thus serve the Senegal. Visits to the Institut Fondamental d’ Afrique Noire at people who most care about these languages, their speakers, and pro­ Dakar University were especially fruitful. When not doing lin­ vide a continuing source of documentation on the languages that lin­ guistics, Harold enjoyed the markets, parks, and nightlife of guists can use. Dakar.

UCLA, Department of Linguistics 4 GALAntly Representing UCLA Phonetics Lab Acquires New

The upcoming GALA (Generative Approaches to Language Electroglottograph Acquisition) in Utrecht (Sept. 4­6) is going to be a UCLA­ In 2003 the Phonetics Lab replaced its ancient (not to mention bro­ fest. The following currentand former students and faculty ken) electroglottograph with a new system from Glottal Enterpris­ have had papers accepted: es. An electroglottograph is a device that sends a small current Manola Salustri, Julia Berger­Morales & Mariame Sy across the larynx, using a pair of electrodes held against the thy­ ‘Participal constructions in child grammar: Correlations with verb movement properties’ roid cartilege (Adam’ s apple). When the vocal folds are in greater contact, more current flows from one electrode to the other, but Harold Torrence & Nina Hyams ‘On the role of aspect in determining finiteness and temporal when the vocal folds are apart, less current flows. The elec­ interpretation in early grammar’ troglottograph signal thus indicates the degree of vocal fold con­ Jill Gilkerson, Nina Hyams & Susie Curtiss tact, either at the micro level of individual vibratory cycles, or at ‘On the scope of negation: More evidence for early parameter­ the macro level of openings and closing of the glottis. While the setting’ most common use of electroglottographs is to track the fundamen­ Misha Becker tal frequency of vocal fold vibration in a clinical setting, our inter­ ‘Learning verb that lack argument structure: The case of rais­ ing verbs’ est is research on non­modal phonations (such as breathy or creaky voice) in the world’ s languages. To that end, the phonetics lab’ s Kamil Ud Deen & Tatjana Llic ‘Object raising and cliticization in Serbo­Croation child lan­ engineer will be developing measurement software to use in ana­ guage’ lyzing the electroglottograph signal. Kamil Ud Deen In the meantime, the system was used by undergraduates in the ‘Subject agreement, object agreement and specificity in Nairo­ Spring Fiat Lux seminar on The Science of the Singing Voice, bi Swahili’ who looked at the shape of their vocal fold pulses as they moved Leah Gedalyovich & Jeannette Schaeffer from one singing register to another. We’ re happy to report that ‘On children’ s knowledge of scalar implicatures: evidence from Hebrew coordination everyone in the class who volunteered had the desired smooth Presenting Sun­Ah Jun Ttreaansitchioning Ab between regiout sters.L earning Greg Kobele and Jason Riggle co­ organized and instructed a two Sun­Ah Jun has recently (April 29, 2003) given a lecture at quarter workshop on Learnability Theory. There were around ten Berkeley as a speaker of the Berkeley Bonwit­Heine Lecture participants (not counting Greg and Jason). The material covered in­ series. The title of the talk was 'Prosody and Attachment Res­ cluded both the Gold and the P.A.C. models of learning, and the ba­ olution'. She is also invited to give a talk at the International sic results in both frameworks, culminating with a presentation of Conference on Tone and Intonation in Santorini, Greece, in cutting edge material delivered by Prof. Ed Stabler. Jason and Greg September 9­11, 2004. She has recently finished editing a will be presenting their paper "Grounding As Learning" in the Work­ book, titled 'Prosodic Typology'. The book is expected to be shop on Language Evolution and Computation at the 15th European published in January 2004 by Oxford University Press."speak­ Summer School on Logic Language and Information in Vienna, Aus­ er of the Berkeley Bonwit­Heine Lecture series. tria. The paper was written as part of the Adaptive Language re­ was 'Prosody and Attachment Resolution'. She is also invited search group run by Prof. Ed Stabler (Linguistics) and Prof. Charles to give a Taylor (Biology).

UCLA, Department of Linguistics 5 Know What We Did Last Summer? UCLA's linguistics professors are in demand for teaching at Start Making Sense— Semantics at summer schools. Last year, no less than four of our faculty taught at the European Summer School in Logic Language UCLA Growing Strong and Information (ESSLLI) in Trento, Italy: Edward Keenan With Daniel Buring (PhD 1996 from Tubingen, Germany; hired and Edward Stabler co­taught a class on `Invariants of Natural Language', Daniel Buring explored `Intonation and Meaning', in 2000 after Anna Szabolcsi left) and Philippe Schlenker (PhD and Philippe Schlenker, freshly hired as a semanticist that 1999 from MIT; hired 2002), UCLA linguistics now has two summer, co­taught a course on `Indexical Expressions' (with his former colleague, J. Higginbotham). Earlier that summer, dedicated semanticists. Add to that the `old hands' Terence Par­ Keenan and Stabler had tried out their class at ESSLLI's North sons, whose position is half in linguistics and half in philosophy, American baby sister NASSLLI at Stanford University, while Buring preceded his appearance at ESSLLI with a three week and Edward Keenan, as well as the computational linguists course on `Information Structure' at the summer school on Edward Stabler and Marcus Kracht (hired in 2002 as well), and `Formal and Functional Approaches in Linguistics' in Dussel­ dorf, Germany, which was organized jointly by the LSA and you get a semantics line­up among the strongest ones in the its German counterpart, the DGfS. country. Aptly, both the North American Summer School in

In 2003, Stabler and Keenan plan to repeat the success of their Logic, Language and Information (NASSLLI) in 2004, and the NASSLLI appearance with `A Mathematical Theory of Gram­ world's number one semantics conference, `Semantics and Lin­ matical Categories' at NASSLLI 03, while the LSA Summer Institute, to be held at Michigan State guistic Theory' (SALT) in the spring of 2005 will be hosted by University, recruited Bruce Hayes and Tim Stowell to teach UCLA's linguistics department. `Acquisition & Learnability in Phonology' and `The Syntax of Tense', respectively. Audio Recording for Linguistics 103 Term Projects Enters the Computer Tour de France Age While the UCLA linguistics department still doesn’ t have its Anyone who has ever taken Linguistics 103, Introduction to Gen­ own bicycling team, professors Dominique Sportiche and eral Phonetics (and that’ s everyone in any of our majors) will Philippe Schlenker organized a workshop at the Chateau La probably remember making a tape recording of their language con­ Breteche in the Bretagne region of France in June 2003. The sultant for their term project. Long ago those recordings were workshop, sponsored by a private California based founda­ made on reel­to­reel tapes, but for some time they’v e been made tion, brought together international researchers in various on cassette tapes. Now we are making the shift to the next stage fields, among them French Philosopher Francois Recanati, of technology: computer audio. Thirteen students in the Spring Italian Semanticist Gennaro Chierchia, and Hans Kamp, 2003 offering of Linguistics 103 volunteered to make their record­ UCLA philosophy alumnus, and now professor and chair for ings direct to a computer disk in the phonetics lab. They left the formal logic and the philosophy of language at the Institute lab with their recording saved as a .wav file on a CD, along with a for Natural Language Processing (IMS) at the University of free audio editor to use on their home computer. Listening in this Stuttgart. way is much more flexible than with a tape recorder, and even al­ In the extraordinary setting of the chateau’s century old halls, lows the student to apply some of the course material on speech the participants discussed issues pertaining to the workshop’ s acoustics to the problem of narrow transcription, by looking as title: ‘Division of Linguistic Labor: Syntax/Semantics/Pragmatics'­ well as listening. The experience gained from this first trial . The workshop marks another cooperation between UCLA, project will help us in making computer recordings the norm for the French Ecole Normal Superieure in Paris, and the Centre the course in 2003­2004. Jean Nicot in Paris. UCLA, Department of Linguistics 6 UCLA, Department of Linguistics 7

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