CITIZENS’ MOVEMENT for an Open Society

1985-2010

25 YEARS for civil society RAISING THE BAR

25 YEARS RAISING THE BAR 1985-2010 for civil society

Athens 2010 Editorial Τeam Research and general coordination: Oretta Stavropoulou Editor & copywriter: Zozeta Miliopoulou, Ph.D Art director: Beatrice Tzenou Translator: Chris Markham Print supervisor: George Pizanis, INK DESIGN

Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society 5-7 Efroniou Street, 116 34 Athens, Greece Tel.: 0030 210 7220063 Fax: 0030 210 7220475 Web site: http://www.kinisipoliton.gr Email: [email protected] GREECE is a nation in turmoil. The huge national debt we have built up, the stagnating economy, rising unemployment, the electorate’s lack of confidence in the country’s future, the unresolved disputes with Turkey – these are all chronic problems which threaten the foundations of our society. SOLUTIONS ARE THERE TO BE FOUND However, the current political climate does more to exacerbate the problems than to solve them. The whole political establishment of Greece is crippled by an obsession with party politics: the party leaders spend more time in political point scoring and feuding than in endeavoring to solve the fundamental problems of the country through bridge- building and consensus.

THEREFORE, at this critical juncture in its affairs, Greece is a country divided, fragmented and at war with itself.

OUR COUNTRY’S energy and resources are consumed in pointless factionalism, feuds waged in the name of outdated ideologies, long-standing personal animosities and the hunger of certain individuals for power.

NO SINGLE PERSON, no political party, no foreign power, can be blamed for the current crisis. Its roots lie deep in our national history and culture. In fact, every single Greek must take his share of the blame for our failings as a nation, just as all of us must now pull together to find a way out of the national crisis that has been brought about by our own attitudes.

It could have been written yesterday… And yet the words above are taken from the statement issued at the launch of the Citizens’ Movement – back in 1985! Twenty-five years on, the description of our national circumstances remains just as depressingly true as it was then. There is just no way that the efforts of the few can bring about the dreams of the many. It is now clear beyond doubt that only the endeavors of the many can realize the hopes of us all. The hopes of Greece for a better future. 25 YEARS OF THE CITIZENS’ MOVEMENT THE HISTORY OF THE MOVEMENT 25 years ago a group of people came together in an important Aris Stamatopoulos Civil engineer new venture: the launching of the Citizens’ Movement. George Tsarouchis Civil engineer The first members were not a homogenous group: they came from different professional backgrounds and there were Mihalis Raptis Political analyst - Member of differences of which they were well aware, in their ideological administrative committee orientation and political allegiance. Phaidon Vegleris, the first President of the Movement, was succeeded by Leonidas Kyrkos, who made a valuable But they did share one vital conviction: that despite the many contribution to the work of the organization. Under his differences of opinion which divided them, there were far stewardship the title of the organization was expanded to more - and more important - areas in which they were united. become the Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society. Both They shared a number of aspirations for the general good versions of the title will be found in this brochure. References of the country and for Greece’s objectives as a nation. One to the organization as it was pre-2004 will use the original of their first decisions was to set up eleven groups in as shorter title, references postdating the change will use the many cities around the country, where people of different longer version. ideological backgrounds could meet, talk and establish whether their belief in a basic common ground could be The current (2010) membership of the Board is as follows: confirmed. The answer? A resounding yes! Theodore Papalexopoulos President From those beginnings to the present day the Citizens’ Stefanos Geroulanos Vice President Movement for an Open Society has rested on the same principle of an inter-ideological approach. The Movement Nikos Frangakis Vice President welcomes new members from all parts of Greece and asks them to make their own contribution to tackling the huge Spyros Frangoulis General Secretary social and institutional problems of our country. Constantinos Zepos Special Secretary The original Board of the Citizens’ Movement, back in 1988, Ilias Grispos Treasurer was made up of the following individuals: Sophia Papakonstantinou Special responsibility Nikos Adamantiadis Insurance broker – Treasurer for Public Relations Periklis Vassilopoulos Journalist Ioannis Souflis Deputy Treasurer Phaidon Vegleris Emeritus Professor, Athens University – President Michael Angelidis Special responsibility for Sustainable Development Alexandros Gliatis Agronomist Panayiotis Canellopoulos Lawyer – Legal advisor Tzanetos Antypas Member Ilias Katsoulis University Professor Ilias Katsoulis Special responsibility Roussos Koundouros Director-Journalist for Higher Education Loukas Kyriakopoulos Civil Engineer - Gen. Secretary George Pagoulatos Special responsibility for Newsletters Apostolos Mallas Economist Dimitris Mavros Economist - Member of Ioannis Papadopoulos Special Responsibility for Civic Duty administrative committee Ion Siotis Special responsibility Lyda Modiano-Leon Political scientist for Technology Maria Beckett Political scientist Oretta Stavropoulou Member Thymios Papayiannis Architect At various times, the following individuals have also served on Theodore Papalexopoulos Company executive - civil engineer the Board of the Citizens’ Movement: - member of the administrative committee Sokratis Angelidis, Miltiadis Vassilopoulos, Nikos Yiannis, Spilios Papaspiliopoulos Economist - Deputy Gen. Secretary Aimilios Zachareas, Panos Kazakos, Stefanos Matthias, Kostis Bakopoulos, Thanos Skouras and Yiannis Tzannetakos. Dimitris Stathakos Biochemist OUR VISION OUR MEMBERS Empowering the civil society of Greece: generating real public Since its earliest days, the Citizens’ Movement has sought involvement in the life of the community and society by to build on a nucleus of members of differing professional modernizing outdated institutions and attitudes. background, ideological orientation and political allegiance.

Through its activities the Citizens’ Movement for an Open The founding members shared the view that only through Society identifies the factors common to all important bringing together different perceptions and beliefs could issues. It stimulates debate on what is in the best interests innovative ideas and widely accepted proposals be generated. of the country as a whole. It promotes good practices and the empowerment of the ordinary citizen. Where there is The long-term involvement of all members is a guarantee of debate on important issues, it contributes realistic and consistency and an indication of the organization’s strength. effective proposals – sufficiently realistic to be acceptable Anyone wishing to join the Citizens’ Movement for an Open to all interested parties and the public in general; effective in Society may send a written application to the organization’s the sense that instead of perpetuating problems they offer offices or complete an electronic application form at our serious, responsible and coherent solutions. website: http://www.kinisispoliton.gr. All applications are OUR MISSION submitted for approval at the next meeting of the Board. • To play a dynamic role in civil society. OUR FUNDING • To seek convergence of views and common ground on The Citizens’ Movement is funded mainly from the annual which to frame realistic and effective proposals for solving subscriptions and contributions of members and sponsors. the country’s most serious problems. The Movement accepts gifts from private individuals, on • Sustained, active engagement in specific areas – condition that their details and the amount donated are contributing to the community and working with similar entered in the minutes of the organization’s meetings, to organizations to attain shared objectives. ensure complete transparency. We are happy to accept sponsorships by businesses in the OUR VALUES form of financial support or practical assistance in organizing events. We are committed to making public the details of all Our values reflect the importance to every healthy democracy sponsorships and donations. of active involvement on the part of citizens. They are absolutely in step with the principles set out in the INGO In order to preserve its complete independence, the Accountability Charter, which was translated into Greek and Movement cannot accept any donations from official signed in 2008 by seventeen Greek NGOs, at the initiative of government agencies or political parties. the Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society. • Transparency in all areas. ONLINE PRESENCE • Respect for the differing views, ideas and opinions of other You can find out more about the Movement, its organization members, as a vehicle for the generation of innovative and activities, on the website http://www.kinisispoliton.gr. proposals and contributions. We have also set up the website http://www.ngo.gr, which is intended as a forum and meeting place for all NGOs looking • Active involvement wherever the opportunity arises. for ways to cooperate and expand their activities.

• Maintaining a consistent presence within civil society

• Retaining the long-term confidence of members.

• Earning the confidence and support of our fellow citizens.

• Sustained commitment to cooperation and networking with other NGOs. ACTIVITIES As the structure of this report indicates, the Citizens’ 7. Voluntary action: since 2001 one of the Movement for an Open Society is actively engaged in a range most important of the Movement’s initiatives of areas of public concern. Special emphasis is laid each year on issues of current importance, but at the same time we seek has been the organization of the national to maintain a consistent engagement in all areas where we competition ‘Models of Excellence’, which have become involved. The Movement’s main areas of interest is intended to encourage voluntary work by are as follows: showcasing examples worthy of imitation. 1. Civil society: contributing to the general Ever since it was launched, the Citizens’ Movement has welfare of society. been distributing to its members and friends a quarterly newsletter, giving information on its activities and providing 2. The Environment: protection and sustainable a forum for exchange of views among friends and members. growth. In the sections which follow we offer a full account of our work in all the above areas over the last twenty-five years. 3. Democratic governance and institutions: the smooth running of the democratic system. 4. Justice and human rights: improving the administration of justice, recognition of and respect for the human rights of all persons living and working in Greece. 5. Higher education: reform of institutions and organization of the universities which produce the young people who will shape the future of our country. 6. European and international relations: promoting Greece’s relationship with European partners and other states, with the focus on the key issues in national foreign policy. Science may have found a treatment for most afflictions, but it has yet to find a cure for the worst evil of all – human indifference. Hellen Keller

civil society01 The Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society was founded by a group of people one would never have expected to see around the same table. People of different professional backgrounds, ideologies and views. People with fundamental disagreements – yet whose priority, over twenty-five years, has been to seek out common ground and shared approaches to common problems. This is the essence of a properly functioning civil society: constructive debate designed to generate realistic and effective solutions; direct intervention to resolve important issues. For the Citizens’ Movement, contribution to the community can take many forms: financial or material support, action to resolve critical social issues – in fact any form of action that brings people together in a shared objective, such as the development of an efficient blood donation programme, something that Greece still lacks. It is always easy to voice complaints and objections, easy to reject ideas out of hand. What is difficult, and more valuable, is to work out and express what it is one really wants. It is this process of working towards realistic and effective proposals to social problems that the Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society has made its main focus. Through attentive observation of society, involvement in its problems and the offering of clear proposals for solutions, the Citizens’ Movement seeks to bring together as many people as possible, not on the basis of shared opinions, but of their shared willingness to get involved and make a difference. This has been the guiding principle of the organization for twenty-five years now: involvement not indifference. Effort not resignation. Active endeavour for the common good, not just for personal enrichment. Readiness and willingness instead of apathy. 9 CIVIL SOCIETY

OUR RECORD

11/04/2008 PARTICIPANTS Signing of NGO Accountability Charter K. Stefanopoulos, former President of of Transparency International the Hellenic Republic N. Ebeoglou, President of the Athens At a formal ceremony, representatives of 17 Greek NGOs put their J. Figel, European Commissioner Laboratory of Business Administration names to the Accountability Charter, pledging to abide by its N. Diamandouros, Professor, European T. Papalexopoulos, President of the principles – and thereby improve the way they do their work. Ombudsman Citizens’ Movement (for more details, see page 12) P. Eigen, Founder and Honorary President

29/11/2007 PARTICIPANTS Event held in honor of T. Papalexopoulos, President of the G. Krimbas, Professor Emeritus, member Citizens’ Movement of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement Spilios Papaspiliopoulos G. Marinos, former Member of the I. Katsoulis, University Professor European Parliament and journalist An event organized in association with the Citizens’ Union P. Kazakos, Professor at the University L. Louloudis, Vice Chancellor of the of Athens Paremvassi and the magazine “Evropaiki Ekfrassi” to honor the Athens Agronomic University A. Papayiannidis, journalist eminent economist, journalist and founding member of the N. Yiannis, publisher of the “Evropaiki T. Patrikios, poet Citizens’ Movement. Ekfrassi” magazine G. Pagoulatos, Professor at the Economic N. Mouzelis, President of the University of Athens Citizens’ Union Paremvassi C. Zepos, retired ambassador, member of P. Vassilopoulos, Vice President of the the Board of the Citizens’ Movement Citizens’ Union Paremvassi

17/03/2006 PARTICIPANTS Donation in memory of George Rallis The Board and members of the Citizens’ Movement On the death of the former Prime Minister, the Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society passed a formal motion of condolence to the family of the deceased and made a charitable donation in his memory. George Rallis was the first Chairman of the Judges’ Panel for the “Models of Excellence” awards.

11-12/01/2003 PARTICIPANTS Meeting with young blood donors from A. Mesogiti, President of the “Kostakis Mesogitis” Association Universities and technical colleges G. Simiyiatos, President of the “Aimodotis” Association An event intended to tackle the shortage of blood in the country’s hospitals by encouraging the setting up of a national students’ network of blood donors.

12/05/2002 PARTICIPANTS What do we mean by “civil society”? The Board and members of the Citizens’ Movement Publication of a study of civil society, NGOs and their contribution to the public good, written by the Citizens’ Movement member N. Yiannis. 10

12-14/04/2002 PARTICIPANTS A two-day event to promote blood, organ and A. Papadopoulos, Minister for Health and Welfare C. Massalas, Chancellor of the University of Ioannina bone marrow donation, held at the University of L. Kyrkos, President of the Citizens’ Movement Ioannina D. Sygounas, President of the Student Blood Donor Group The event was organized in cooperation with the Student Blood Donor Group and the University of Ioannina. The proceedings culminated in a formal statement in which students from the country’s colleges and universities pledged to set up a national network of student donors. (for more details, see page 13)

ΑPRIL 2001 PARTICIPANTS Party leaders speak on the subject of civil society The Prime Minister, K. Simitis K. Karamanlis, Leader of the New Democracy party and A series of events organized in association with the Citizens’ N. Konstantopoulos, President of the Synaspismos party Union Paremvassi and “Evropaiki Ekfrassi” (for more details, see page 14)

DECEMBER 2000 PARTICIPANTS Donation to Greek schools in Addis Ababa The members of the Citizens’ Movement The Movement sent a Christmas gift of books, clothes and other useful supplies in response to an appeal from a group of Greek teachers working in Ethiopia.

30/3/1999 PARTICIPANTS An award for the Citizens’ Movement Μembers of the Citizens’ Movement Greek radio journalists conferred a special award on the Citizens’ Movement for its work in promoting good role models and positive examples (for more details, see page 15)

18/01/1999 PARTICIPANTS Event held in memory of Professor P. Pavlopoulos, Member of Parliament and Professor at the University of Athens Phaidon Vegleris N. Frangakis, Lawyer, President of the Association for Human Rights S. Papaspiliopoulos, economist, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement A special event featuring a number of prominent speakers was held to commemorate the life and work of the eminent Greek constitutional expert and first President of the Citizens’ Movement. 11 CIVIL SOCIETY

28/04/1998 PARTICIPANTS Support for the family of the murdered Georgian, Delegation of members of the Citizens’ Movement Giorgi Udesiani A delegation from the Citizens’ Movement visited the family of Giorgi Udesiani, murdered in a racially motivated attack, to express their support. They also provided the funds necessary to return his body to his native Georgia.

27/04/1993 PARTICIPANTS M. Yiannakou-Koutsikou, University Professor, former Minister of Health, European Crime in present-day Greece: coordinator on drugs issues N. Livos, Lecturer at the University of Athens extent, defining factors and opportunities for N. Kourakis, Associate Professor at the University of Athens prevention P. Vassilopoulos, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement A. Psarouda-Benaki, Professor at the University of Athens, Minister for Justice An event held to examine such major social problems as drugs, terrorism and other forms of social dysfunction, as always with the intention of putting forward realistic and effective solutions.

07/05/1990 PARTICIPANTS M. Yiannakou-Koutsikou, University Professor, former Minister of Health, European Free radio and civil society coordinator on drugs issues N. Livos, Lecturer at the University of Athens An event held in memory of Roussos Koundouros, one of the N. Kourakis, Associate Professor at the University of Athens champions of the cause of free radio in Greece and a founder of P. Vassilopoulos, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement the Citizens’ Movement. The purpose of the event was to explore A. Psarouda-Benaki, Professor at the University of Athens, Minister for Justice the role of the news media in civil society. 12

NGO Accountability Charter – an initiative by 2008 the Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society

In 2006 eleven major international The basic principles to be borne in mind by NGOs publicly put their names to a vital all NGOs in planning and implementing their commitment, under the title ‘International activities are as follows: Non-Governmental Organizations • Respect for universal values and principles. Accountability Charter’. • Adoption of contemporary systems of management and governance. Within just two years, at the prompting of the • Scrutiny by independent, outside auditors. Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society, the text of this commitment had been translated • Full transparency. into Greek and lodged with the Ministry of • Accountability to members and third Foreign Affairs as a ‘Charter Pledging the parties. Social Responsibility and Accountability of The following Greek NGOs – in addition to Non-Governmental Organizations’. the Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society - signed up to the Charter: At an official public ceremony held on • Mediterranean Information Office for 11 April 2008, seventeen Greek NGOs signed Environment, Culture and Sustainable up to this Charter and committed themselves Development ( MIOECSDE) to abiding by its terms. The presence of the • PRAKSIS former President of the Hellenic Republic, • WWF-Hellas Kostis Stefanopoulos, and the remarks addressed to the gathering by Mr. J. Figel, • MOM/Hellenic Society for the Study and European Commissioner, the European Protection of the Mediterranean Monk Seal Ombudsman N. Diamandouros, N. Ebeoglou, • ARCHELON-The Sea Turtle Society of Greece President of ALBA (Athens Laboratory of • Transparency International Greece Business Administration), P. Eigen, founder • Citizens’ Union Paremvassi of “Transparency International” and the • Evropaiki Ekfrassi President of the Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society, T. Papalexopoulos, lent • The Children’s Home Foundation a special weight to this symbolic occasion (Paidiki Stegi) and indicated the gravity of the commitments • Centre for Persons with Special Needs being undertaken by these Greek NGOs to (Hara) promote their greater accountability and • Aegean Team transparency as key agents in civil society. • Arktouros Environmental Centre • PNOE – Friends of Children in Intensive Care The NGO Accountability Charter does not affect the programmes and activities • Parents’ Association of Children with being run by each organization, but Cancer – FLOGA supplies a framework of best practices and • Kostas Mesogitis Association of Voluntary contemporary operating methods. Blood Donors, Body Organ Donors & Health Care Respecting this framework will ensure that • Friends of the “Theotokos Foundation”. Greek NGOs enjoy the trust of the ordinary The Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society citizen, who will be encouraged to appreciate is one of the first NGOs anywhere in the world their work and come forward to make his or to be formally certified as compliant with the her own contribution. principles of the Accountability Charter. 13 CIVIL SOCIETY 2002 Network of student blood donors

Students who had been strangers just a few days before, returned to their Universities as friends and as comrades in a joint endeavor. Here are just some of the names of students who inspired us: Emmanuela Mitsi, Irene Markaki, Mihailina Sarri, Marikelli Staikopoulou, Yioula Tsiloyianni, Yiotina Tsounapi, Maria Tyrou, Dimitris Palitskaris and Irene Yeryianaki. A year after the Ioannina conference, the Citizens’ Movement organized another event to sustain When someone needs a blood transfusion, he needs interest in the issue, welcoming young blood us all. Getting more people to donate blood should donors and representatives of universities and be a national priority but, compared with other colleges around the country to forge stronger links countries in Europe, Greece still lags behind. Who and help spread the message to other schools and can we look to turn the situation around, if not the institutions. The campaign has continued since then, younger generation ? with the support of other societies and associations pursuing the same objective, like the Kostakis The presentation of a ‘Models of Excellence’ Mesogitis Association and the Aimodotis Association award in 2001 to the Student Blood Donor Group of Patras. from the University of Ioannina was the start It is a long road, but much progress has been made. of a relationship that was to play a vital role in There are now voluntary groups of blood, organ encouraging students around the country to and bone marrow donors at other universities and become blood donors. The Group had already colleges, following in the footsteps of the original paved the way, doing valuable work in this area donors in Ioannina. For example: since the 1980’s and offering a fine example to • Students at the University of Crete have set up other young people and to the community at large. the Crete Student Blood Donors Group (OFEAK) with their own website at In 2002, in an initiative devised by the Citizens’ www.pepagnh.gr/ users/ofeak. Movement, a coach full of students from • At the Athens University there is now the universities all around Greece travelled to Ioannina, Aimopetalio group, details to be found at where they were welcomed by members of the www.helmsic.gr/node/166 Student Blood Donor Group. The guests of the Group learned valuable details of their work and • There is a group at the University of the Aegean. enjoyed a stay in Ioannina full of vivid experiences • At the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, with and unforgettable memories. They look back on details to be found at the trip as a festival of cooperation and solidarity http://psyche. ee.auth/mailman/options/ and have emotional recollections of shared hopes diktyo-ea for the realization of a common objective. • A similar initiative has been launched at the University of Thessaly. During the Ioannina conference, a group of And the campaign continues… students withdrew, quite spontaneously, from the This experience has taught us a simple but vital main hall and returned shortly with a declaration lesson. We have learned that to set up a huge they had drafted and signed, undertaking to network of blood donors, all you need to do is to continue the work of the Group and to expand it give blood a second time and take a friend with into a Network of Student Blood Donors stretching you. We have also learned from the students we across the whole of Greece. The students are worked with that the younger generation – like determined that the country should have proper their parents when they were young – burns with stocks of donated blood, and that no more lives its own flame of enthusiasm and desire for change: should be lost for want of a transfusion. a flame that must be kept alive at all costs! 14

2001 The party leaders speak on the theme of civil society.

In a first for Greek politics, the leaders of the K. Karamanlis: parties represented in the Greek Parliament ‘The activity of NGOs… as the qualitative expression accepted an invitation to lay out their views on a of the right to form partnerships and associations, vital topic: strengthening the democratic system provides the ordinary citizen with the opportunity by recognizing the role of civil society. The three to develop initiatives that counterbalance the leaders who accepted the Citizens’ Movement’s authoritative tendencies of the selfperpetuating, invitation set out their views on the future and role overweening state…We wish to see NGOs that of civil society, and the prospects of more active function as laboratories of new ideas, bringing citizen involvement in the community and in new people and new initiatives to the fore. Taking public life. the lead in accepting responsibilities, respecting Three separate events were addressed by the main obligations and claiming rights. Society needs your party leaders: active engagement, and the political world is better • The Prime Minister, K. Simitis, for heeding your criticism’. on 6 March 2001 N. Konstantopoulos: • The Leader of the Opposition ‘Movements in the community are both (New Democracy Party), K. Karamanlis, evidence of, and factors in, the development on 24 April 2001 of a democracy… They shape our political life in • The Leader of the Synaspismos a variety of ways… European civil society must (Left-Wing Alliance) Party, insist on national institutions which allow ordinary N. Konstantopoulos, on 23 May 2001. people to play their part in making decisions and The Citizens’ Movement then published the taking real power in Europe’. addresses given by the three leaders. We present the reader here with extracts that give an idea of the tone of each address, while emphasizing what all three had in common: the need for an actively involved citizen body in a healthy political system.

K. Simitis: ‘The new era presents challenges which can best be met by civil society – open society. An open society is one of freedom and participation, responsibility and solidarity. A creative society which confidently engages in dialogue with other societies and other cultures’. 15 CIVIL SOCIETY

The Citizens’ Movement receives an award from Greek 1999 Radio.

There are moments so full of powerful emotions As the representatives of Greek Radio observed that they remain with us for ever. Moments which in their accompanying remarks: ‘The Citizens’ acquire a symbolic value and which we pause to Movement has been selected for this award in examine from time to time, like milestones guiding recognition of its work promoting community us on our forward path. action in three areas: civil society – modernization of the state – positive thinking. The award One of these moments in the history of the recognizes the Movement’s seeking out of positive Citizens’ Movement was in March 1999, when we social models and its promotion of a society based were selected for one of Greek Radio’s awards, on shared values, supported by the media and all introduced the year before, to recognize the those involved in public life’. most important initiatives in Greek civil society. In this second year of the institution’s history, it was the Citizens’ Movement that was singled out, among 26 very worthy candidates, for the award. Needless to say, this acknowledgment did wonders for our members’ pride and their determination to continue in their work. In fact, one of the reasons why the Citizens’ Movement was singled out for this award was because of the awards it itself has introduced – the “Models of Excellence” awards, established to showcase and reward good practices. Organized for the first time in 2001, the “Models of Excellence” awards are conferred on the basis of a transparent, objective and predetermined procedure. They remain one of the most important achievements of the Citizens’ Movement and are described in more detail in a later section of this report.

We must all learn to embrace responsibility. Every one of us must learn to say, it is my duty, mine alone, to save the world. If the world should be lost, then it will be my fault alone. N. Kazantzakis 02 ENVIRONMENT We often hear people ask: Will whatever I do make any difference? And there’s only one answer: Yes it will! All of us want to see the country’s forests protected. But how many of us actually bother to care for the trees? All of us want to see the environment preserved. But how many of us conscientiously use the recycling bins? How many of us really take care to save water or other invaluable natural resources? The environment offers the most vivid illustration of a sad fact: that what any one of us can easily destroy, takes all of us to save. For the Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society, protecting the natural environment is a top priority and it has organized a number of measures to raise public awareness and to help preserve our country’s natural resources. The Movement has been involved in such issues as more prudent use of water, correcting badly designed land improvement projects, waste management, recycling – all in the name of viable and sustainable growth. The environment is not something separate from us, a distant picture-postcard countryside far from the city. It is part of our lives, part of life itself, something we must fight to preserve and protect for future generations. 19 ENVIRONMENT

OUR RECORD

16/05/2005 PARTICIPANTS Greek water resources: a realistic approach G. Souflias, Minister for the Six speakers from Greek Universities Environment Two speakers from Universities abroad An international conference organized by the Citizens’ Movement E. Skiadas, Vice-Chairman of Athens Eleven representatives of associations for an Open Society, to encourage the active involvement of the Municipality and business organizations citizen in shaping and implementing an effective national policy. C. Skiadas, General Secretary to the (for more details, see page 22) Ministry of Rural Development and Food I. Grispos, representing the Citizens’ Movement

15/12/1999 PARTICIPANTS Earthquakes and earthquake response: the L. Kyriakopoulos, member of the Board A. Papakyriakopoulos, soil specialist, of the Citizens’ Movement representative of the Federation of contribution of local government S. Angelidis, member of the Board of the Municipalities and Communes Citizens’ Movement A discussion in association with the federation of 21 municipalities and communes for sustainable urban development.

25/05/1999 PARTICIPANTS Protecting our forests from fire I. Grispos, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement K. Kassios, Professor at the National Technical University of Athens An event featuring expert speakers and open discussion. G. Kremlis, Director of Legal Department, DG 11 of the European Commission (for more details, see page 23) Dr. G. Xanthopoulos, forestry expert Dr. M. Vassilopoulos, chemical engineer, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement

27/08/1997 PARTICIPANTS Waste management systems K. Laliotis, Minister for the Environment D. Avramopoulos, Mayor of Athens, C. Papoutsis, European Commissioner President of the Central Association of An international conference organized by the Citizens’ Movement M. Enthoven, European Commission Municipalities and Communes of Greece to encourage active involvement by the citizen in framing national G. Kremlis, European Commission R. Glasser, Dutch Minister for the policy and promoting best practices and effective solutions. Dr. M. Vassilopoulos, chemical Environment engineer, member of the Board of the Dr. A. Skordilis, senior officer in the Citizens’ Movement Ministry of the Environment E. Vardakas, European Commission

27/03/1997 PARTICIPANTS Atmospheric Pollution Forecast Members of the Citizens’ Movement Representatives of SKY Radio A daily service for listeners to SKY Radio, informing them of the Representatives of CINAR level of air pollution to expect. The service was based on an EU pilot programme, implemented by the Citizens’ Movement in association with the company CINAR. (for more details, see page 24) 20

1997 PARTICIPANTS The environment in Greece 1991-1996 The Citizens’ Movement environmental team, in cooperation with the Association of Greek Planners and the WWF Publication of a new assessment of the state of the environment in Greece, funded by the Bodossaki Foundation. (for more details, see page 24)

04/06/1992 PARTICIPANTS The Rio Summit and the problem S. Papaspiliopoulos, economist, member S. Argyros, company executive of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement T. Papayiannis, architect, member of the of sustainable growth T. Papalexopoulos, company executive, Board of the Citizens’ Movement civil engineer, member of the Board of P. Kazakos, Professor at the University An open discussion with presentations by eminent speakers. the Citizens’ Movement of Athens, member of the Board of the I. Efthymiopoulos, Director of Citizens’ Movement Greenpeace Greece G. Stathakis, Assistant Professor at the University of Crete

10/02/1992 PARTICIPANTS T. Papayiannis, architect, member of the M. Soulos, Professor at the University of The diversion of the River Acheloos: Board of the Citizens’ Movement Athens an attempt at an objective appraisal S. Mayeirias, hydro-energy engineer G. Zygoyiannis, Chairman of the M. Modinos, publisher of the magazine company Thessaly Studies An open discussion which reached important conclusions on the Nea Oikologia (New Ecology) K. Lioskas, President of the Technical question of the River Acheloos, thanks to the participation of O. Papageorgiou, civil engineer Chamber of Greece speakers from a wide range of disciplines. F. Vakakis, agronomist G. Stathakis, Assistant Professor at the University of Crete

03/02/1992 PARTICIPANTS Unauthorized construction and the rights of the V. Adrianopoulou-Vidalaki (Ms), director P. Pavlopoulos, Professor of planning for Eastern Attica P. Psomopoulos, architect-planner, citizen D. Katsoudas, General Secretary for President of the Athenian Centre for forests and natural environment, Community Development A conference held in association with the Kifissia Conservation Ministry of Agriculture Society.

11-12/11/1991 PARTICIPANTS International Conference: A. Tritsis, Mayor of Athens M. Ploritis, writer Smog and the active citizen I. Grispos, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement A two-day event featuring more than twenty expert speakers – Five speakers from Greek Universities a valuable exploration of possible solutions to the critical problem Four speakers from foreign Universities of air pollution in Athens. Ten representatives of organizations and business associations (for more details, see page 25) 21 ENVIRONMENT

14/05/1991 PARTICIPANTS Forest fires S. Papaspiliopoulos, member of the N. Zalaoras, forestry expert, journalist Board of the Citizens’ Movement N. Hlykas, President of the Association of A two-day conference in association with the Friedrich Naumann E. Sakellaridis, forestry expert Forestry Experts Foundation. A. Dimitrakopoulos, Lecturer at the R. Meinardus, representative of the (for more details, see page 23) University of the Aegean Friedrich Naumann Foundation D. Katsoudas, political scientist J. Goldammer, Professor at the K. Hatzibiros, chemist, University University of Freiburg lecturer Coordinators: T. Papayiannis and G. Douros, head of the Parnitha Forestry L. Kyriakopoulos Service

27/11/1990 PARTICIPANTS Recycling: benefits for all S. Manos, Minister for the Environment C. Verelis, economist, Deputy General I. Grispos, member of the Board of the Manager of Petzetakis S.A. A conference at which representatives of all six major sectors of Citizens’ Movement I. Pitsakis, businessman Greek industry declared their willingness to recycle used materials T. Papalexopoulos, member of the Board (Ydrometallourgiki S.A.) and discussed the procedures and organization involved. of the Citizens’ Movement A. Koliopoulos, President of D. Economou, chemical engineer, the Association of Greek Paper President of the Greek Aluminum Manufacturers (for more details, see page 25) Association P. Tsaousoglou, chemical engineer, President of the Glass Federation P. Yiannoulopoulos, economist, President of the Greek Plastic Recycling Association 22

2005 Greek water resources: a realistic approach

At an international conference organized Community Directive 2000/60/EC provides by the Citizens’ Movement for an Open for the ‘recovery of the full cost of water Society, eminent scientists from Greece and services’. Moreover, international practice elsewhere joined forces in plans to inventory, has shown that the supply of social goods assess, protect and support Greek water like water at below-cost prices leads to waste. resources. With this in mind, the Citizens’ Movement for With the focus on the future and on the an Open Society has formulated the following need to preserve our water resources, the proposals: conference produced valuable results in • Since water is a natural resource that must terms of framing medium- and long-term be protected at all costs, its price should be policy and in terms of the opportunities for kept at appropriate levels and any form of each and every one of us to contribute to subsidy of social or business groups must safeguarding this most valuable of natural be offset by other compensatory benefits. resources. • There is an urgent need for a water policy Held in May 2005, the conference provided based on each of the regions of the a forum for more than 20 eminent scientists, country, promoting a balance of water academics, members of the public supply and demand in all water catchment administration, businessmen, directors and basins and administrative areas. This representatives of NGOs to offer their insight should lead to a reduction in water into the subject, exchanging views, furthering consumption of about 40% and an increase both theoretical knowledge and practical in saving of 30%. action, through realistic and effective At a time when the main threat to the proposals, for tackling the problem. environment is man’s failure to reach According to the findings of the conference, agreement, any possibility of cooperation the main dangers to Greece’s water resources and contribution to a solution is as valuable are: as water itself. • seasonal and local drought • agricultural pollution • salt water penetration of water table • desertification. 23 ENVIRONMENT

1999 Forest fires

In 1999, before the high-risk season for forest fires the information of all members and friends. It had started, the Citizens’ Movement organized analyzed the real reasons for these fires – gaps in an event featuring expert presentations and the legislation, the absence of a proper forestry discussion, attended by experts from government policy and a single forest protection service. It also and the academic community. One year on from included a number of detailed proposals on fire the disastrous fires that reduced great swathes of prevention, divided into three units: Attica to ashes, the importance of prevention had 1. Public awareness-raising become greater than ever. 2. Introduction of new statutory measures This was not the first time, however, that the 3. Forest protection Citizens’ Movement had been involved in this Almost twenty years have now passed, and sadly area. In 1991, just two months after its inception, these proposals remain as timely and necessary the Movement organized a two-day conference as ever… in association with the Friedrich Naumann Foundation in an attempt to draw expertise and support from as many sources as possible in order to prevent these terrible fires and minimize their impact on the environment. Delegates were addressed by the principal speaker at the event, Dr. J. Goldammer, Professor at the University of Freiburg, and discussions were held to explore the problems and find feasible solutions. In the immediate aftermath of the conference the Citizens’ Movement issued a full statement of its position on forest fires and specific proposals for tackling the problem. The statement was included in the Citizens’ Movement Newsletter 43-44, for 24

1997 Atmospheric pollution forecast

By the mid-1990’s the The forecasts were framed by public service problem of air pollution in announcements and instructions on how the centre of Athens had people could make a practical contribution to become very serious. So cutting down the pollution: by regulating indoor serious that, despite the temperatures more sensibly, for example, or attempts to limit traffic driving more carefully. in the city centre, the This was not only the first time pollution levels authorities often had to had been forecast rather than reported. It advise people with heart was also the first time ordinary people had or respiratory problems been given advance warning, in simple, easily to stay indoors. intelligible terms, of the quality of air to expect To ease the situation for in the capital and surrounding area. People could the people of Athens, now arrange their day in light of the forecast the Citizens’ Movement and avoid unnecessary risks to their health. entered into a ground- Drawing on experience gained dealing with breaking venture with the SKY radio station and similar problems in Los Angeles, the forecasting the company CINAR which would prepare and system did much to improve quality of life for put on air a forecast of the anticipated levels the people of Athens. of pollution. The bulletins were to be broadcast daily for a year, starting in March 1997.

1997 The environment in Greece

Spilios Papaspiliopoulos, founding member of The purpose of the project was described in the Citizens’ Movement, set up and headed the the introduction to the 1997 report: ‘The main organization’s environmental team, which began intention behind this report was that there work in 1989 on a comprehensive inventory of should be a realistic and completely objective the country’s environmental problems. Using appraisal of the state of the environment, questionnaires to gather information from NGOs resting on analysis of the available data and other agencies, they collected the data used and, most important of all, free of emotional to compile a special report in 1990. This was the distortion or ulterior motives’. first in a series of environmental assessments These reports supplemented and contributed to that provided valuable experience and important the work of state agencies in the environmental knowhow for the team’s future work. sector. The intention of the Citizens’ Movement The second full appraisal of the state of Greece’s was, and remains, to make a real and properly environment was published in 1997 and documented contribution to the taking of covered the period 1990-1996. It was produced decisions and framing of policies that will in cooperation with the Association of Greek protect and improve the natural environment Planners and the WWF Hellas and its publication of our country. was financed with help from the Bodossaki Foundation. 25 ENVIRONMENT 1991 Smog and the active citizen

A two-day conference with speakers from • The active support and involvement of the around the world was organized at the initiative citizen - despite the sacrifices and constraints of the Citizens’ Movement in 1991. More than that will be required - in promotion and twenty-five speakers, from Greek and foreign implementation of a long-term environmental universities, from the business community programme. and the public sector, set out their views • Cross-party consensus on the basic form on proposals for tackling the problem of air of a long-term environmental policy to pollution in Athens. Politicians from central and transcend parliamentary terms and changes local government also took an active part in the of administration. proceedings. From the proceedings of the conference it was The objectives of the conference were as clear that much can be done to restore the follows: quality of the atmosphere to the levels of the • Providing ordinary people with appropriate 1970’s, without placing too great a burden on and properly substantiated information on the economy, provided that the necessary will is the problem of atmospheric pollution and present and that we learn from the experiences of ways in which it can be addressed. other cities and countries, like Los Angeles or the Netherlands. Moreover, the expertise acquired • The adoption of a timetable for measures to in dealing with the problem in Attica should help resolve the problems of air pollution in the us prevent similar problems arising in cities like Attica area. Thessaloniki, Larissa and Ptolemaida.

1990 Recycling

Within a year of its founding, the Citizens’ This was much more than a symbolic gesture: Movement had begun to campaign for a wider the quantity of industrial waste is enormous and adoption of recycling. At a time when recycling its recycling can have a critical effect on the was still not much more than an abstract idea, environment and on the quality of life. the organization’s drive to see it adopted had a catalytic effect. By organizing a conference The conference enjoyed wide coverage in on the subject the Movement was able to the Athenian newspapers, in magazines like persuade six key sectors in Greek industry to Oikonomikos Tachydromos and in trade papers. commit to recycling waste material and discuss At a time when it was everyone’s habit to look the organization of a comprehensive recycling to the state to hand down solutions from above, programme. The sectors involved were the glass, the Citizens’ Movement had shown it could enlist aluminum, plastic, rubber, paper and scrap significant forces for change from within the metal industries. community, rather than from the politicians.

The earlier the ideals of peace and justice can be instilled into the human heart, the deeper they will take root and the longer they will last. G. Seferis

03 JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS It is not the number of laws which makes a well-ordered society, but the suitability of the laws and the mechanisms for their enforcement. The Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society lays tremendous emphasis on all issues relating to the fair administration of justice and to the human rights of both Greeks and foreign nationals living in Greece. The Movement has a proud record of action in a number of these areas: the citizen’s relationship to the state, the independence of the judiciary, questions of individual rights in both Greece and Europe. It is also essential that the citizen be fully informed of his rights and obligations under the law. Knowledge and understanding are not just a right – they are also a duty. Because justice can only be administered fairly when ordinary people are capable of insisting that justice be done. 29 JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS

OUR RECORD

09/02/2009 PARTICIPANTS S. Matthias, Honorary President of the N. Alivizatos, Professor at the University Justice from the perspective of the citizen Supreme Court, member of the Board of of Athens the Citizens’ Movement A question-and-answer forum in which two three-member panels I. Gavrilis, Deputy Prosecutor to the were selected, one putting questions, the other answering I. Mandrou (Ms) and G. Marinos, journalists Supreme Court them. The main points of the discussion were set out in a special L. A. Sissilianos, Associate Professor at N. Frangakis, lawyer, President of the Greek publication issued immediately after the event. the University of Athens Centre for European Studies and Research (for more details, see page 32)

DECEMBER 2008 PARTICIPANTS Appeal to the government and political parties The members of the Citizens’ Movement following the shooting of a high-school student during demonstrations and the ensuing violence across the country The Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society took a public stance against the ills of Greek society, proposing specific measures that should be taken. Members of the Movement composed an electronic petition signed by more than 800 people and sent to 1,500 recipients.

26/06/2008 PARTICIPANTS Ethnic tensions and violent episodes The Board of the Citizens’ Movement The Citizens’ Movement condemned the incidents in a letter to the Greek Ombudsman, G. Kaminis.

13/02/2008 PARTICIPANTS Refugees and minorities – S. Matthias, Honorary President of the Supreme Court, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement the difficulty of integration G. Ktistakis, lawyer, lecturer at the Democritus University, Thrace A public debate on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the UN V. Bornovas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs C. Zepos, retired ambassador, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement Universal Declaration of Human Rights. G. Kaminis, The Greek Ombudsman (for more details, see page 33)

2005-2006 PARTICIPANTS The protection of human rights in Europe – S. Matthias, Honorary President of the Supreme Court, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement a practical guide L. Stavriti (Ms), lawyer A guide produced by the Citizens’ Movement in collaboration with the NGOs Transparency International Greece and the Citizens’ Union Paremvassi, co-funded by the EU. (for more details, see page 34) 30

20/10/2003 PARTICIPANTS The privileged status of the public sector in law: L. Kyrkos, Chairman of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement I. Papadopoulos, President of the Thessaloniki Bar Association an open dialogue S. Matthias, Honorary President of the Supreme Court, member of the Board of the The Citizens’ Movement drew public attention to the issue of Citizens’ Movement K. Bakopoulos, lawyer, Ph.D. in law, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement the privileged treatment accorded to the public sector by the N. Nikas, Professor at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki judiciary. In the same year, two other debates were organized on P. Gesiou-Faltsi (Ms), Professor at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki the same subject, one of them in Thessaloniki. I. Doubis, lawyer (for more details, see page 35) K. Kerameus, Professor at the University of Athens

06/02/2003 PARTICIPANTS Thoughts on the legal system S. Matthias, Honorary President of the Supreme Court, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement An event organized by members of the Citizens’ Movement in Thessaloniki.

10/10/2001 PARTICIPANTS M. Stathopoulos, Minister for Justice P. Yemtos, Professor at the University of Effective justice S. Matthias, Honorary President of the Athens Supreme Court, member of the Board of I. Doubis, lawyer A public debate organized at the initiative of the Citizens’ the Citizens’ Movement Movement. A. Roupakiotis, President of the Athens K. Kerameus, Professor at the University of Athens (for more details, see page 35) Bar Association G. Vellis, Honorary President of the G. Koumandos, Professor Emeritus at the Supreme Court University of Athens

DECEMBER 2000 PARTICIPANTS Revision of the constitution: environment, human N. Alivizatos, Professor at the University of Athens A. Manitakis, Professor at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki rights and independent authorities S. Papaspiliopoulos, economist, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement A wide-ranging public discussion organized in response to the I. Katsoulis, University Professor, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement impending revision of the constitution, in association with the N. Mouzelis, Professor at the LSE C. Zepos, retired ambassador, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement Citizens’ Union Paremvassi, the Association for Human Rights and the Association of Citizens of Thessaloniki for the Environment and Culture.

10/05/1999 PARTICIPANTS The independence and effectiveness S. Matthias, President of the Supreme Court, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement of the judiciary K. Kerameus, Professor at the University of Athens An event staged by the Citizens’ Movement, of which D. Gourgourakis, Honorary President of the Supreme Court F. Kouvelis, former Minister for Justice the proceedings were published, under the aegis of the G. A. Mangakis, former Minister for Justice Archaeological Society, in 2002. A. Roupakiotis, President of the Athens Bar Association A. Psarouda-Benaki, former Minister for Justice G. Coumantos, Professor Emeritus at the University of Athens 31 JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS

30/04/1999 PARTICIPANTS Response to the events in Kosovo The members of the Citizens’ Movement The Citizens’ Movement issued a press release condemning ethnic cleansing and crimes against the people of Kosovo, as well as the NATO bombing raids on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

18/02/1999 PARTICIPANTS Protest at capture of Kurdish leader Otsalan The members of the Citizens’ Movement The Citizens’ Movement, together with the Citizens’ Union Paremvassi and the Greek Association for Human Rights, signed an open letter to the leaders of the political parties.

04-05/10/1995 PARTICIPANTS The workings of the Greek political system: I. Katsoulis, University Professor, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement I. Pesmazoglou, Professor Emeritus at the University of Athens constitutional modernization A. Manessis, Professor Emeritus at the University of Athens A two-day conference to identify the dysfunctional aspects of P. Pavlopoulos, Professor at the University of Athens our political system and the responsibility borne by politicians, parties and other forces in public life. The Citizens’ Movement posed specific questions to representatives of the parties in relation to the possibility of constitutional reforms. 32

The administration of justice – from the perspective 2009 of the citizen

Modern Greece suffers not only from The forum gave both questioners and shortcomings and problems in its legislation, experts a valuable opportunity to set out but also from significant deficiencies in the problems, with reasoned arguments and the administration of justice by the courts. examples, and paved the way for further These problems relate on the one hand to debate and the framing of specific proposals. the independence of the judiciary and the At the conclusion of the event, the Citizens’ influence and interference to which it is Movement distributed a text to all present, subject from politicians, and on the other to summarizing its views on the question of the the slowness of the judicial process. There independence of the judiciary. An extract is are significant consequences for society, reproduced below: the economy, the rule of law and the very ‘There are strata of society in which the workings of the political system. In February impression has been cultivated that the 2009 the Citizens’ Movement for an Open real decisions are taken by the Minister or Society organized a forum for discussion the Government and that the judges and of problems and concerns relating to the magistrates have no choice but to rule in administration of justice. accordance with decisions already taken The procedure followed involved the setting elsewhere… up of two panels. One was made up of a The judiciary cannot perform its duties representative of the legal profession, properly unless it enjoys general respect and an academic and the Vice President of succeeds in preserving its authority in the the Citizens’ Movement. These were the eyes of the world. If it cannot do so, it will be individuals chosen to provide the answers unable to perform its mission effectively. to questions put by the members of the And such a failure is in no one’s interests, not second panel: two journalists and one even the government’s. Because the power eminent lawyer, appointed to voice common of political parties is transient, while the rule complaints about the legal system. This of law, which the judiciary is charged with system allowed precisely those individuals protecting, is a guarantee of justice for all. who have their ears best attuned to public The Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society feeling, to ask, on behalf of ordinary Greek calls on the political establishment to refrain people, those questions to which no one had from any interference with the judiciary and ever condescended to reply. any attempt to influence or undermine the The administration of justice in our country is work of the courts’. inefficient, and when one of the three pillars The full proceedings of the forum were of the democratic edifice is flawed, the whole subsequently published. structure becomes unstable. The discussion indicated that there are two main categories of problems: 1. Administrative and organizational shortcomings, such as frequent adjournments and delays in issuing rulings. 2. Problems of substance and principle, such as prejudice and favor in the administration of penal justice, and attempts by the political class to influence the judiciary. 33 JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS 2008 Refugees and minorities – the difficulty of integration

In 1948 the United Nations issued the Thus the public debate organized by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Forty Citizens’ Movement in February 2008, years on, the Declaration remains as timely although scheduled to mark the sixtieth and relevant as ever, especially in countries anniversary of the UN Declaration, was like Greece which are attracting so many primarily intended to provide an arena for illegal immigrants, and which, as in our case, discussion of the issues arising from the border on countries that are not part of the endeavors of so many of our fellow citizens, European Union, along frontiers that are long from different backgrounds and cultures, and extremely difficult to police. to achieve social, economic, cultural and In ten short years there have been dramatic political integration in Greece. changes in the demographics of Greece, Each of the speakers offered his own while the country is incessantly required enlightening perspective on the problem, to implement new Directives, to adjust to a while also taking questions from the new, multicultural way of life, to absorb and audience. A summary of the proceedings was assimilate new cultures, to welcome people distributed in a special issue of the Citizens’ from very different backgrounds. Movement newsletter, which also contained These changes, and the social imbalances the full text of the UN Declaration of Human and challenges they bring in their wake, have Rights. given rise to serious concerns for the future of our society. 34

The protection of human rights in Europe - 2006 a practical guide

There is no disputing that human rights must be at the University of Athens. The event was guarded jealously. And equally important: each coordinated by S. Matthias and copies of the of us must be aware of his rights, and prepared guide were distributed to all present. to demand and defend them. Yet many of our • 6 February 2006. The Movement travelled fellow citizens are unaware of what their rights to Thessaloniki, where the presentation are, nor have they been properly informed of was held at the city’s own Commercial and the independent authorities whose work is Industrial Chamber. The speakers included to champion their rights, or of the role of the I. Manoledakis, Emeritus Professor at the European Union in this important field. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT), Having identified these gaps in public K. Chrysogonos, Professor at the AUT, awareness, the Citizens’ Movement for an Open Ms P. Perraki-Naskou, Professor at the Society issued, in 2005, a guide of the utmost University of Macedonia, and Ms L. K. Stavriti. importance in the protection of human rights The event was hosted by S. Matthias. in Europe. Also involved in preparation of the • 20 March 2006. In Patras the presentation guide were another two NGOs, the Citizens’ Union featured speakers E. Matsoukis, a local lawyer, Paremvassi and Transparency International and N. Frangakis, a distinguished lawyer Greece. The project received financing from from Athens. The guide was presented by European funds. But most important of all, P. Vassilopoulos, journalist and Vice President the guide was prepared with input from such of the Citizens’ Union Paremvassi, while the eminent figures as Stefanos Matthias, Honorary event was hosted again by S. Matthias. President of the Supreme Court, who edited the publication in association with the lawyer • 6 April 2006. Returning to Athens, the Ms Loukia Stavriti. members of the Citizens’ Movement organized another presentation, featuring The guide uses simple, but precise language speakers G. Papadimitriou and G. Sotirelis, to explain the European Convention on Human both Professors at the University of Athens, Rights, while also presenting the relevant and S. Matthias. The event was coordinated by provisions of the European Union Charter of the lawyer P. Yiatayiantzidis. Fundamental Rights, giving the ordinary citizen a comprehensive view of the European stance • 27 November 2006. The guide was presented on basic rights and freedoms, as transposed at an event organized in association with the onto the Greek statute book. Finally, it offers Athens Commercial and Industrial Chamber. instructions for persons wishing to petition the There were formal welcomes to the event by European Court of Human Rights. P. Pavlopoulos, Minister for Internal Affairs, 3,000 copies of the guide were printed and E. Kourtalis, Vice President of the Athens distributed to persons attending Citizens’ Commercial and Industrial Chamber, and Movement events, as well as academics, T. Papalexopoulos, President of the Citizens’ teachers, judges, magistrates and administrative Movement. The speakers were S. Matthias agencies. A large number of events were staged L. A. Sissilianos, Associate Professor at the to distribute the guide – some of them held University of Athens and I. Papadopoulos, outside Athens in order to reach as many people acting head of the European Commission as possible: delegation to Greece. • 26 January 2006. The guide was presented at • The guide was also presented at the National the annual general meeting of the Movement, Centre for Public Administration, for the held at the Athens Commercial and Industrial benefit of students at the Further Training Chamber. The presentation was followed Institute. by remarks from I. Varvitsiotis, Member of Thanks to the interest shown by the Athens Bar Parliament and former Minister, F. Kouvelis, Association, it will be possible to keep the guide Member of Parliament and former Minister updated, with new material being added to cover and M. Stathopoulos, Professor Emeritus developments in the human rights field. 35 JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS

The privileged status of the public sector in law: 2003 an open dialogue

As the third pillar of the democratic system, to promote current views on the legal system. the judiciary has always been a matter of We reproduce here the remarks with which the keen interest to the Citizens’ Movement. In coordinator, Professor K. Kerameus, wound up 2003 three events were arranged to study the Thessaloniki event: and discuss the privileged status of the public sector in the Greek legal system. One of the ‘Eliminating privilege will heighten a sense events was held in Thessaloniki, at the National of personal responsibility and stimulate Judges School. unfettered competition – with all the privileges These events were organized so that the and risks that this entails. It will mean removal Citizens’ Movement could contribute to the of a protective shield behind which a number modernization of views and attitudes often still of public sector bodies have lived very prevalent in our public life, reflecting our belief comfortably for a very long time. And it will that certain privileges still enjoyed by the state mean, very simply, bringing back some powers and public sector are now outdated in the new of the state under the general rules of private European context. After the conference, the law – those rules which underpin the legal Movement published the proceedings in order systems of the modern world’.

2001 Effective justice

In October 2001 the Citizens’ Movement the identification of targets for criticism. And organized a forum for discussion of the so although the forum did indeed examine the effectiveness of the judiciary. Eminent problems in depth, its main intention was to speakers were invited to examine and prioritize develop a positive stance and positive proposals the problems of the Greek legal system, as a for change. This attitude was reflected in preparation for the framing of solutions. Many the concluding remarks by the coordinator, focused on major administrative obstacles, while also voicing the need to safeguard the Professor K. Kerameus: ‘We should all show authority and credibility of the legal system. more respect to the legal system, and be more In contrast to those who are content merely prompt in our response to its calls. By doing to describe the problems, the Citizens’ so, we will encourage the system to feel more Movement prefers the quest for solutions to respect for itself ’. 36

18/02/2010 One of the most successful events organized by the Citizens’ Movement, in one of its main areas of engagement – the administration of justice in Greece. Staged at the Athens Concert Justice and the citizen: Hall, in association with Megaron Civil, criminal and administrative justice. Three sectors – one objective. Plus, this is the only event from The event was dedicated to the memory of the eminent Greek jurist, citizen and active member of the Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society, the 2010 to be reported here, singled Honorary President of the Supreme Court, Stefanos Matthias. out for the wide impact it had and This truly distinctive occasion was one of the few times, perhaps the only time in fact, that the six senior functionaries involved in the administration its special character. of justice in Greece and Europe came together around the same table – specifically: • The Presidents of the Council of State, the Supreme Court and the Court of Audit: Mr. Panayiotis Pikrammenos, Mr. Georgios Kalamidas and Mr. Georgios Kourtis • The Prosecutor at the Supreme Court, Mr. Ioannis Tentes • The President of the European Court of Justice, Mr. Vassilis Skouris • The Vice President of the European Court of Human Rights, Mr. Christos Rozakis. In their twofold capacity of citizen and judge, the speakers proposed practical and effective ways of restoring the citizen’s trust in the legal system. The proceedings were coordinated by the President of the Centre for European Study and Research and Vice President of the Citizens’ Movement, the lawyer Nikos Frangakis. At the conclusion of the discussions he and Spyros Frangoulis, lawyer, LL.D. and General Secretary of the Citizens’ Movement, summarized the main conclusions reached. The full proceedings were later published in a special issue. A society that is not based on education is built on sand Adamantios Korais

04 HIGHER EDUCATION Whereas in Europe, but even world-wide, Universities are endeavouring to respond to the requirements of knowledge-based society but also of overall society, Greek Universities are still locked up in the ossified structures of the past. Over the past twenty years, the Citizens’ Movement has intervened, discussed, promoted and submitted realistic proposals and solutions to the perennial higher education problem. Its more recent initiatives are based on a proposed Road Map which would enable Greek Universities to work their way through to their age-old main target : The production and widespread transfer of knowledge. 39 HIGHER EDUCATION

OUR RECORD

16/05/2008 PARTICIPANTS Statement in light of impending student elections The Boards of the Citizens’ Movement and the Citizens’ Union Paremvassi The Citizens’ Movement and the Citizens’ Union Paremvassi co-signed a statement in which they stressed the importance of the forthcoming University elections to the quality and future of tertiary education.

08/02/2007 PARTICIPANTS Road map for higher education T. Veremis, Professor at the University of Athens, President of the National Education Council An open debate organized to put forward solutions to the crisis in C. Moutsopoulos, Professor of Medicine at the University of Athens Greek Universities. M. Chrysohoidis, Coordinator for Education – PASOK (for more details, see p. 41) I. Katsoulis, University Professor, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement

14/12/2006 PARTICIPANTS The constitutional prohibition on the police G. Grammatikakis, Professor at the University of Crete T. Skouras, Professor at the Athens University of Economics entering University campuses M. Stathopoulos, Professor at the University of Athens K. Kartalis, President of the Andreas Papandreou Institute for Strategic and An open discussion held in the meeting room of the National Development Studies Research Foundation. M. Papayiannakis, former Member of the European Parliament K. Hatzidakis, Member of the European Parliament I. Siotis, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement

07/04/2005 PARTICIPANTS Problems of higher education T. Veremis, Professor at the University of Athens, President of the National Education Council M. Stathopoulos, Professor and former University Chancellor A public discussion staged in association with the K. Kerameus, Professor Emeritus at the University of Athens Citizens’ Union Paremvassi. L. Resvanis, Professor at the University of Athens I. Katsoulis, University Professor, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement

23/03/2005 PARTICIPANTS The importance of evaluation in higher education I. Katsoulis, University Professor, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement A. Odoni, Professor at the MIT A public discussion staged by the Citizens’ Movement and the V. Papazoglou, Professor at the National Technical University of Athens Citizens’ Union Paremvassi, as part of the general debate on S. Amourgis, Vice Chancellor of the Open University higher education. E. Angelopoulos, Professor at the National Technical University of Athens I. Siotis, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement 40

SEPTEMBER 2004 PARTICIPANTS Greek Universities in the Knowledge Society S. Matthias, Honorary President of theSupreme Court, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement A book comprising articles discussing the problems of higher N. Alivizatos, Professor at the University of Athens education, with contributions by distinguished academics. G. Maniatis, Emeritus Professor of Medicine L. Tsoukalis, Professor at the University of Athens, President of the Hellenic (for more details, see page 41) Foundation for European and Foreign Policy I. Katsoulis, University Professor G. Koumandos, Professor Emeritus at the University of Athens, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement

15/05/2003 PARTICIPANTS Evaluation of Greek Universities: A. Kintis, former Chancellor of the Athens Economic University I. Katsoulis, University Professor, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement trends and prospects R. Yelland, OECD Director of Education A public forum to discuss planned legislation to ensure and evaluate the quality of public education. (for more details, see page 42)

16/05/1994 PARTICIPANTS The generation and dissemination of knowledge C. Spyraki (Ms), Vice Chancellor of the University of Crete K. Nikolaidis, Professor at the National Technical University of Athens, Director of the in Greece: higher education and research Centre for Theoretical and Physical Chemistry An event at which the conclusion was reached that our country is I. Katsoulis, University Professor, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement F. Deliyiannis, representative of the Federation of Greek Industries not generating sufficient new knowledge or technology. D. Deniozos, Special Secretary to the Ministry of Industry, Energy and Technology N. Mouzelis, Professor at the LSE

09/05/1991 PARTICIPANTS What sort of managers are we training T. Tassios, Professor at the National Technical University of Athens N. Analytis, Vice President of the Federation of Greek Industries for the year 2000? G. Piperoglou, business consultant A forum organized by the Citizens’ Movement for discussion of P. Kazakos, Professor at the University of Athens, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement higher education issues. G. Marinos, Director at the magazine Oikonomikos Tachydromos N. Yiannis, G. Pagoulatos, D. Vervesos, C. Gortsos, A. Economopoulou (Ms): students’ representatives 41 HIGHER EDUCATION 2007 Road map for higher education

At an open discussion organized in February broad consensus that the idea of a road map 2007, academics and politicians exchanged should be promoted, covering the following views on the current state of Greek Universities areas: and put forward proposals to help them through • Modernization of the statutory framework for the crisis. the Universities. Speakers including the Professors T. Veremis, • Ensuring that the universities have the C. Moutsopoulos and I. Katsoulis described the freedom to manage their own Affairs, problems of Greek Universities and discussed feasible solutions with the PASOK education • Evaluating teachers and Universities, using coordinator M. Chrysohoidis. transparent and flawless procedures. Members of the audience were invited to • Strengthening research and linking it to contribute their own views and there was a national needs.

2004 Greek Universities and the Knowledge Society

The state of a society’s Universities will have In order that the conclusions of the debate not a major impact on the quality of life of all its be forgotten, the Citizens’ Movement issued citizens. It is because of this vital role played the proceedings of the event in a special by our Universities that the Citizens’ Movement publication later in the same year. It comprised has supported and encouraged ongoing and three sections: comprehensive debate about their present Section 1: contained the contributions made by condition and future prospects, insisting on the participants in the event . urgent need for their upgrading. Section 2: contained the proceedings of the In September 2004 a conference was organized event ‘Evaluation of Greek Universities: Trends under the title “University Self-Government and prospects’, held previously. and Competition”. Eminent guests were Section 3: under the title “Civil Society on the invited to set out their views on the key issues alert”, this section contained selected articles and, we hoped, lead the debate in new and and extracts from the press. unexplored directions. New opinions were heard, new arguments and questions, but also new proposals which must be explored and developed. 42

2003 Evaluation of Greek Universities

In the year 2003 demands for effective 1. The need for agreement on a radical revision reform of the Greek Universities were growing of the statutory framework. more insistent, while more and more people 2. Curbing the influence of the political parties were concluding that the current legislative on the governing bodies of the universities. framework, which dated back to 1982, was now 3. Autonomy and financial independence outdated. Yet no decisions had yet been made for the Universities, which must, however, on the future of higher education in Greece: all be accompanied by responsible self- options were still open. government and transparency. In May of this year, the Citizens’ Movement organized a major public forum to discuss the 4. Evaluation of the quality of teaching and issue of evaluation of Greek Universities, in view research. of the forthcoming legislation. 5. Evaluation of the Universities using University Professors, such as A. Kintis and international standards. I. Katsoulis, as well as speakers from abroad, 6. Ending the system whereby courses are like R. Yelland, Education Director for the OECD, taught using one single textbook, set out their views before a public audience. 7. Radical review of the prohibition on the The Citizens’ Movement reproduced a number police entering University campuses. of the presentations as articles in its newsletter, and formulated for publication a seven-point position statement. Seven proposals for the evaluation of Greek Universities which had an appreciable impact on subsequent developments. Although at the end of 2009 the problems of Greek University education had still not been solved, at least not to general satisfaction, the seven points identified by the Citizens’ Movement had served as a clear and concise definition of the major issues involved: You may judge a man by the way he wields power Bias of Priene

05 DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONS In ancient times a citizen who declined to play his part in the government of the city was considered irresponsible and incomplete. The word ‘idiot’ in fact comes from the Greek word for a person who plays no part in community and political life. Nowadays, however, failure to make use of one’s right to vote is not regarded as a social problem; on the contrary, it is viewed as indicating a particular attitude – the citizen as passive recipient. Moreover: the idea of the ordinary citizen’s participation in politics begins and ends just there – with his vote. Meanwhile, the citizen’s perception of his country’s politicians is a negative one; too many people now feel that the abuse of power is an inevitable concomitant of power itself. Democracy, however, is a demanding system. It requires the involvement of all its citizens. It requires thought, engagement, proposals and counter-proposals. In a healthy democracy, to show indifference is to undermine the system, to renounce one’s rights. Non-participation leads inevitably to pessimism and irresponsibility. These are the reasons why the Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society has initiated a range of actions to support community involvement and transparency. The Movement promotes collective action as an expression of the citizens’ will. It supports the concept of the state as the servant of the citizen, not his adversary. It believes in public debate sufficiently robust to resist the imposition of mistaken policies. It believes in the idea of independent authorities, respect for the constitution, a proper role for the institutions of civil society, a vision undistorted by party political blinkers. Its very existence, in fact, is a demonstration of the ideals it pursues. 45 DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONS

OUR RECORD

15/05/2008 PARTICIPANTS Society, state and economy: G. Dertilis, member of the European Academy, Director of Sociological Studies at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes, Paris, Professor Emeritus at the University of Athens seeking a new relationship A. Diamantopoulou (Ms), PASOK Member of Parliament, former European Commissioner A public discussion forum staged in association with the Citizens’ F. Kouvelis, Member of Parliament A. Makrydimitris, Professor of Law at the University of Athens Union Paremvassi. The presentations were so well received that N. Mouzelis, Professor at the LSE it was decided to publish a summary of the proceedings in the F. Karzis, journalist Newsletter No 68 of the Citizens’ Movement. (for more details, see page 48)

16/06/2005 PARTICIPANTS The Ombudsman S. Matthias, Honorary President of the Supreme Court, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement An event organized in Patras to support the institution of the I. Kitsos, President of the Patras Bar Association Ombudsman and to raise public awareness of his role. G. Kaminis, The Greek Ombudsman (for more details, see page 49) E. Matsoukis, lawyer S. Frangoulis, lawyer, LL.D., member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement

16/03/2005 PARTICIPANTS The media today Representatives of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society Discussion with the Minister of State, T. Roussopoulos, and meeting with the President of Greek Radio & Television, C. Panagopoulos.

10/02/2005 PARTICIPANTS The Greek Ombudsman: an institution for our times S. Matthias, Honorary President of the Supreme Court, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement An event staged in support of a vitally important institution. The G. Kaminis, the Ombudsman proceedings of the event were published and distributed to the N. Frangakis, lawyer, Deputy Chairman of the National Committee for Human Rights members of the Citizens’ Movement and other interested parties. S. Frangoulis, lawyer, LL.D. and member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement

01/11/2001 PARTICIPANTS Parliamentary institutions and transparency in A. Kaklamanis, Speaker of the Greek Parliament P. Kazakos, Professor at the University of Athens public life A. Makrydimitris, Professor at the University of Athens An event organized under the aegis of the Greek Parliament and in G. Kassimatis, Professor Emeritus at the University of Athens association with Transparency International Greece. K. Mavrias, President of the Parliamentary Scientific Council 46

24/10/2001 PARTICIPANTS Terrorism and the global order Constantinos Zepos, retired ambassador, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement, members and friends of the Movement A forum for a productive exchange of views on one of the most important issues of our time.

13/06/2000 PARTICIPANTS Identity cards The members of the Citizens’ Movement The Citizens’ Movement released a statement to the press outlining its position on a controversial issue: the bringing of Greek ID cards into line with European standards and the question of whether the card should state the holder’s religious faith. (for more details, see page 50) 14/12/1998 PARTICIPANTS Globalization and society S. Ioannidis, Professor at the Panteion University I. Katsoulis, University Professor, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement An open discussion of the findings of an international conference, L. Kyriakopoulos, businessman, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement covering the many ways in which globalization is affecting not only the economy, but also politics, society and the environment.

30/06/1998 PARTICIPANTS Modernization: the role of policy and social forces M. Mouzelis, Professor at the LSE N. Bistis, former Member of Parliament A public event organized by OPEK (the Society for Discussion of M. Papayiannakis, Member of the European Parliament the Modernization of our Society), the political group Politeia, the G. Paschalidis, Deputy Minister to the Prime Minister Network for the Centre-Left, the Citizens’ Union Paremvassi and K. Skandalidis, Former Minister of Internal Affairs the Citizens’ Movement. G. Farakos, former General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (for more details, see page 50) 25/05/1998 PARTICIPANTS The rights of man and the Orthodox Church: S. Agouridis, Emeritus Professor of Theology N. Alivizatos, Professor at the University of Athens collision or coexistence? T. Lipovats, Professor at the Panteion University An open discussion on the separation of church and state, the N. Mouzelis, Professor at the LSE current retroactive provisions and the benefits of releasing the Church from the embrace of the state.

01/12/1997 PARTICIPANTS Civil society and political power: G. Paschalidis, Deputy Minister to the Prime Minister proposals for more effective alignment An open discussion covering a series of questions from the Citizens’ Movement on constitutional revision and other statutory and legislative issues. 47 DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONS

07/04/1997 PARTICIPANTS Open letter welcoming the legislation to establish Members of the organizations involved an Ombudsman for Greece In association with Citizens’ Union Paremvassi, OPEK (the Society for Discussion of the Modernization of our Society) and the National Movement ‘Associations for Ethical Political Renewal’, the Citizens’ Movement voiced its hopes for the new institution of a Greek Ombudsman.

09-13/10/1996 PARTICIPANTS The role of the state in a democratic society Ten-member delegation from the Citizens’ Movement A delegation of ten members of the Citizens’ Movement went on a five-day trip to Germany to take part in meetings on the above subject organized by the Konrad Adenauer Foundation.

DECEMBER 1995 PARTICIPANTS Political challenge: the citizens’ time has come Members of the Citizens’ Movement Composing of a formal statement calling on our fellow citizens to demand a proper sense of seriousness and responsibility from their politicians. The statement was issued in response to the climate of uncertainty caused by the illness of the then Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou.

04/12/1990 PARTICIPANTS Trade unionism and the citizen C. Trikaios, legal advisor to General Confederation of Greek Workers O. Hatzivassiliou, former President of the General Confederation of Greek Workers An open discussion in view of forthcoming legislation. N. Analytis, Deputy President of the Federation of Greek Industries Those participating agreed on a number of basic issues, such as A. Vayias, legal advisor to the Federation of Greek Industries recognition of the right to strike, but also the need for statutory T. Papalexopoulos, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement channels of cooperation between state and industry.

24/05/1990 PARTICIPANTS The political parties and their role G. Mavrogordatos, Associate Professor at the University of Athens D. Haralambis, Assistant Professor at the Panteion University A forum to discuss the role of political parties in modern M. Spourdalakis, Ph.D. in Political Science, researcher at the National Centre for Social Research democracies and the benefits to the citizen of joining party P. Pavlopoulos, Associate Professor at the University of Athens organizations. 48

2008 Society – State – Economy

15th May 2008 – and the Byzantine Museum • Prof. Makrydimitris claimed that the is packed with people. Once again it seems that nation state remains paramount in the ordinary people are not just interested, but will consciousness of the citizen, despite a dual take an active part in any serious initiative to pressure from EU regulation on the one hand tackle the problems of practical government. and calls for devolution on the other. The problems of the state and its relationship • Ms. Diamantopoulou believed that only a with society and with the economic aspects representative government can defend basic of contemporary life were put under the political choices, with the support of the microscope in a series of lectures and EU, in dealing with international economic discussions organized in association with the pressures and international criminal activity. NGOs Citizens’ Union Paremvassi and the Greek • For Mr. Kouvelis, social cohesion and the Association for Human Rights. The lectures were protection of rights must be the main divided into three subject areas: priorities, while there should be no transfer 1. The demand for reform of the state of power without popular consent. Strong The speakers – Ms Anna Diamantopoulou and independent authorities will curb the Messrs. Kouvelis, Dertilis, Makrydimitris and excesses of central government Mouzelis – set out the conditions required for 3. Relations between state and civil society positive reform. Requirements identified by all The need for a strong, active civil society speakers were as follows: was stressed by all the speakers, beginning • Change in the legislative framework to with Mr. Mouzelis. For Mr. Makrydimitris, the strengthen the concepts of transparency, need for civil society has been made more meritocracy, human rights and the duties, imperative by the collapse of the socialist bloc; rather than the privileges, of leadership. there is now a need for the concept of civil • Change in the philosophy of the public sector, society to be enshrined in the constitution. to promote devolution, self-government and a Ms Diamantopoulou feared that further flexible, modern state. expansion of civil society was being hindered • Review of the relations between the political by the powerful structures of state and church. establishment and the media, the unions and Mr. Dertilis pointed out that many citizens’ the civil service. associations tend to model themselves on the patterns of organization of the state. • Emphasis on the educated citizen, the revival of the institutions of participatory democracy. All the points raised by the speakers deserved further attention and exploration, and to 2. The state and the economy: the crisis of the this end the Citizens’ Movement published nation state summaries of all the presentations. There is an urgent and widely acknowledged need to review the role of the state in the contemporary global environment. But what exactly needs to change? • For Prof. Dertilis, proper political education will improve the quality of administration, while ending political interference in the economy will do much to limit management waste . • For Prof. Mouzelis, the state should confine itself to a coordinating role, seeking a balance between opposing forces. 49 DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE AND INSTITUTIONS 2005 The Ombudsman

Both civil society and the institution of the Mr. George Kaminis, the current Ombudsman, Ombudsman share a fundamental objective: remarked on the need for calm but persuasive to curb the powers of the state and to ensure reasoning and reminded his audience that it functions effectively in accordance with the idependence alone could not guarantee the current and future needs of society. effectiveness of any authority. He also observed As far back as 1997 the Citizens’ Movement that the Ombudsman had no punitive powers, signed an open letter in which civil society but could only intervene and mediate. organizations expressed their hopes that The three main areas of his office’s activity were Parliament would adopt the new institution, as follows: while legislation on the position of an • Cases where an individual citizen is seeking Ombudsman for Greece was still under redress for a violation of his rights. discussion. The institution of the Ombudsman • Cases where it is necessary to prevent future was finally established as an independent assaults on citizens’ rights. authority in the constitutional revision of 2001. • Cases of mediation between parliamentary Four years later, the Citizens’ Movement factions to ensure due legal process is organized an event in Patras to raise public followed. awareness of the Ombudsman’s work and to discuss the achievements, difficulties and Mr. Nikos Frangakis spoke on the relationship future prospects of the institution. Following between the Ombudsman and other the event a special publication was issued independent authorities – specifically the Data containing the views of the speakers and Protection Agency and the National Human the main points raised in discussion. The Rights Commission. Cooperation among these proceedings were hosted by Stefanos Matthias. agencies can act as a brake on arbitrary action by the authorities and ensure that individual and The Ombudsman was described as an institution civil rights are respected. ‘condemned to succeed’ by Spyros Frangoulis, who cited not only the numerous citizens calling on the Ombudsman’s assistance but also the rapidly falling number of groundless complaints. He did, however, identify a number of areas where the institution might be made even more effective: • Increased public acceptance • Greater capacity to intervene proactively • Expansion of powers into the areas of military affairs, the legal system, cooperation with other independent authorities and private sector issues. 50

2000 The ID Card protests

Greece entered the new millennium in the In its newsletter and in a press release issued midst of a huge row over the country’s ID cards. in summer 2000, the Citizens’ Movement came A change in procedure mandated by European out against the mass demonstrations and called directives sparked a furious reaction from instead for rational dialogue. It stressed that some sections of the community, culminating militant action of this kind only agitated public in two mass demonstrations, one in Athens, feelings; what was required was a debate on one in Thessaloniki. The point at issue was the separation of church and state and the whether the new ID cards should specify the safeguarding of the citizen’s religious freedoms. holder’s religious affiliation. The Citizens’ Movement took the view that this was a purely administrative issue: the ID card is intended to confirm a person’s identity, it is not meant to be a statement of his personal beliefs.

1998 Modernization: On what terms?

A favorite buzzword of the 1990’s, organizations: the Society for Discussion of modernization, was advocated, debated, the Modernization of our Society, the Politeia questioned, tossed back and forth until the term Society, the Network for the Centre-Left and the was threadbare – although the need it referred Citizens’ Union Paremvassi. to was as urgent as ever. Held in summer 1998, the event featured a The Citizens’ Movement did much to stimulate number of distinguished speakers, who set out debate on the vision of modernization. As the their views on the subject and generated a lively country prepared to enter the Single Currency debate. Union, the Movement organized a public event, in association with other civil society I am not an Athenian, nor am I a Greek; I am a citizen of the world Socrates

06 EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS For all its glorious history, Greece cannot look to the future with real confidence. It is trying to walk a tightrope between national pride and tradition on the one hand, and the need to adapt to globalization on the other. It is reluctant to let go of the past, and uncertain of what the future holds – and this has been the case for decades now. The Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society focuses on relations between Greece, its European partners and other states. It sees Europe as a large version of the civil society, not just as a collection of states. It tries to see human rights, the rights of races and nations, from a long-term perspective, not in terms of shortsighted nationalist sentiment. Through activities designed to generate realistic solutions, it examines the ways in which the individual can make a difference in the era of globalization. It views Greece as a driving force for growth, a catalyst for alliances and collaborations, not as a nation living in splendid isolation, clinging to dreams of past glory. The Movement’s activities reflect its commitment to a future of European integration, to a stronger Balkan region, to peaceful resolution of differences through open, enduring cooperation. Our focus is on the role ‑that Greece can play in the modern world, in response not only to those seeking a new identity in changing times, but also those seeking a better future. 53 EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

OUR RECORD

28/05/2008 PARTICIPANTS The rights of citizens in the EU – N. Diamandouros, Professor – European Ombudsman the role of the Ombudsmen A lecture arranged in association with the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy and the Citizens’ Union Paremvassi.

29/03/2007 PARTICIPANTS Europe and the role of civil society Margot Wallstrom, Vice President of the European Commission Representatives of the organizations: WWF, PRAKSIS, Evropaiki Ekfrassi, A discussion arranged in cooperation with seven NGOs on the role Citizens’Movement for an Open Society, Mediterranean Information Office for the of civil society in the effectiveness of European convergence. Environment, Culture and Sustainable Development, Citizens’ Union Paremvassi The guest speaker, Ms. Margot Wallstrom, emphasized that and Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy solidarity, viability and accountability must be the foundations of any civil society organization, and that it is the wish of the European Commission to see many more NGOs founded and citizen participation strengthened.

09/12/2002 PARTICIPANTS The future of Cyprus: integration and solution C. Stylianidis, former Cypriot Government representative A public debate organized with the Greek Human Rights Niazi Kizilyurek, Professor at the University of Cyprus Association, the Citizens’ Union Paremvassi, the Rational L. Kyrkos, Chairman of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement N. Alivizatos, Professor at the University of Athens Front against Nationalism for a Contemporary Foreign Policy, C. Zepos, retired ambassador, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy and T. Kouloumbis, Professor at the University of Athens the Political Science and History Department of the Panteion N. Bistis, member of the secretariat of the Rational Front University. The participants examined the Annan plan as the basis A. Rigos, Professor at the Panteion University for a solution of the Cypriot problem, concluding that it deserved support. (for more details, see page 56)

JUNE 2002 PARTICIPANTS The future of Europe Group of members of the Citizens’ Movement The Citizens’ Movement and other NGOs discuss with the competent committee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs the methods by which NGOs can contribute to the intergovernmental conference of the European Union on the basis of the Laeken Declaration. 54

19/11/1999 PARTICIPANTS Open letter on foreign policy The members of the Citizens’ Movement An open letter, signed by thirty-five persons, was sent to the Prime Minister, the party leaders, MPs and the press, on the occasion of the visit by US President Bill Clinton.

02/02/1996 PARTICIPANTS A sober response to danger The members of the Citizens’ Movement Following the stand-off with Turkey over the island of Imia, the Citizens’ Movement issued a statement and then sent a pamphlet to 4,000 recipients, mostly abroad, titled “Borders: Sovereignty, Stability”.

27/02/1995 PARTICIPANTS The Balkans in a United Europe: Speakers: P. Kazakos, Professor at the University of Athens, member of the Board of the Citizens’ the Greek contribution Movement An open discussion under three headings: review of the situation N. Diamandouros, Professor at the University of Athens S. Valden, Ph.D. in economics, specialist in Balkan issues in the Balkans; cooperation in the Balkans; issues of economic P. Ioakeimidis, Assistant Professor at the University of Athens collaboration. The proceedings were published under the aegis P. Vourloumis, economist, CEO of Alpha Finance of the Citizens’ Movement, by I. Sideris Press. I. Katsoulis, University Professor, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement N. Mouzelis, Professor at the LSE (for more details, see page 56)

JULY 1994 PARTICIPANTS Petition in support of the European vision The members of the Citizens’ Movement The Citizens’ Movement sent an open letter to the new members of the European Parliament, asserting the commitment of Greek society to the objectives of the European Union at a time when extremists are stirring up nationalist sentiments. (for more details, see page 57)

JANUARY 1993 PARTICIPANTS The principles of public dialogue The members of the Citizens’ Movement A statement issued by the Citizens’ Movement on the so-called ‘Macedonian problem’, which made a significant contribution to advancing the Greek position. (for more details, see page 57) 55 EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

25-26/01/1991 PARTICIPANTS State and citizen in a United Europe – E. Maas, Member of Parliament – Federal Republic of Germany P. Kazakos, Professor at the University of Athens – Chairman of the Department of the Greek perspective Politics, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement A two-day international conference organized by the Citizens’ P. Bernitsas, Associate Professor of Law, University of Thrace I. Papadopoulos, Director of the European Parliament’s Office in Athens Movement in association with the Konrad Adenauer Foundation. Delegates discussed the workings of democracy, institutions and the economy in the context of what was then the European Economic Community.

13/02/1990 PARTICIPANTS Greek-Turkish relations G. Valinakis, Associate Professor at the University of Athens T. Veremis, Professor at the University of Athens A forum for comprehensive review of the issue of Greece’s relations D. Konstas, Professor at the Panteion University with Turkey, organized in the hope of finding new ways forward for T. Kouloumbis, Professor at the University of Athens the new decade. V. Theodoropoulos, retired ambassador

17/10/1989 PARTICIPANTS Civil society and the United Europe I. Katsoulis, Professor at the Panteion University, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement An event organized by the Citizens’ Movement to examine the C. Rozakis, Professor at the University of Athens challenges of the period. F. Pierros, Member of the European Parliament T. Papamargaris, Minister for Labour P. Panayiotopoulos, journalist P. Vassilopoulos, journalist, member of the Board of the Citizens’ Movement 56

2002 The future of Cyprus

In December 2002 there was still much As a sequel to the discussion, Stefanos Matthias uncertainty over Cypriot prospects of accession wrote an article for the quarterly newsletter of to the EU. The first Annan plan was heading for the Citizens’ Movement in which he offered a rejection by the Greek Cypriot side. The Citizens’ comprehensive historical review of the issue Movement was in favor of Cyprus joining the EU, followed by an account of the current situation, taking the view that a solution to the Cypriot drawing a contrast between sterile and problem was most likely to be found through the backward-looking nationalism and the European institutions and procedures of a United Europe. perspective. At an open discussion organized in collaboration with other civil society associations, distinguished speakers set out their views on the issue and offered solutions. A leading role was played by the Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy and the Politics and History Department of the Panteion University.

1995 The Balkans in a United Europe

With remarkable foresight, the Citizens’ in Europe and assist in the growth of the Balkan Movement had initiated a dialogue as early as states which, in 1995, were only beginning to 1995 on the terms and conditions on which the adjust to the fall of the Iron Curtain. Balkan states might join or enter some form of The speakers included Professors P. Kazakos, partnership with the European Union. The war N. Diamandouros, P. Ioakeimidis, I. Katsoulis that led to the break-up of Yugoslavia was still and N. Mouzelis, as well as the lecturer being waged, but this discussion on the future S. Valden and the economist P. Vourloumis. of the Balkans cast valuable light on what would Illuminating interventions were also heard follow when hostilities ceased. from such prominent public figures as At a major, open forum staged in February Leonidas Kyrkos, Theodoros Pangalos and 2005, specialists, members of the academic Mihalis Papakonstantinou. community and politicians exchanged views and formulated proposals for cooperation with the Balkan countries, in the economic sphere and elsewhere. It was unanimously agreed that Greece might and should play a vital role as a portal linking the Balkan peninsula to the rest of Europe – in both political and economic terms. Private initiative, backed by constructive and responsible foreign policy, might both strengthen the role of Greece 57 EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 1994 Petition in support of the European vision

‘For our country, the successful realization of the Movement has taken the initiative of the European project is a matter of national sending an open letter to the members of the life or death. We must all take this to heart new European Parliament, elected on 12 June as our first objective and pursue it with one 1994, signed by a large number of concerned voice, regardless of other ideological or party citizens who share the Movement’s views on this political differences, as Greeks united for a issue’. united Europe. At a time when nationalism, These were the opening words of the letter sent demagoguery and unacceptable reversions by the Citizens’ Movement, signed by more than to the attitudes of the past are threatening 500 of our fellow citizens. The intention was to Greece’s prospects of smooth adjustment make these views heard beyond our borders, to the requirements of the new Europe at a time when European public opinion was and clouding the vision of much-needed sceptical of Greece’s commitment to Europe. modernization, the Citizens’ Movement is The letter was translated into four languages doing its utmost to offer creative support to and was widely discussed. the European vision. On the occasion of the recent elections to the European Parliament,

The principles of public dialogue 1993 Borders, Symbols, Stability

As the controversy over the so-called at the UN. Copies were also sent to the Prime ‘Macedonian problem’ reached fever pitch, the Ministers, Speakers of Parliament, Ministers of Citizens’ Movement responded to exhortations Foreign Affairs and other prominent political from abroad by deciding to help advance the figures in all the countries of the West, and Greek position and provide substantial and also to the media – putting the views of the concrete information - not only for our fellow Greek side and explaining the stance of the Greeks, but even more so for the benefit of Greek government with concrete and well- the foreign community, which was struggling documented evidence. to understand what the issue was really about and why feelings were so strong on each side. Working together with specialists from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Movement prepared a document which was eventually translated into seven languages. More than 60,000 copies were printed and sent first of all to the members of the Security Council, fifteen days before the formal debate on the issue

When things have failed to happen, it is because we have not desired them enough Nikos Kazantzakis

ACTION07 VOLUNTARY This section is devoted to voluntary action, to all those people who make a distinguished contribution to society through programmes run by charitable organizations. It is an honour to meet these people and a privilege to be able to highlight their work that improves the quality of life of the less fortunate, strengthens the bonds of community, and enriches the character of all those ordinary people who give up their own time and contribute their own talents purely and simply to help others. The “Models of Excellence” awards were introduced at the beginning of the decade and since then every other year awards have been bestowed on organizations making a distinguished contribution to society or to the environment. The awards are organized in cooperation with the Greek Guiding Association and every year more and more organizations send in applications. The idea is to provide a showcase for groups and associations offering a positive social role model through their work in the community, providing examples to be emulated in the creation of new initiatives in community work. The winners are chosen each year by a panel of judges made up of prominent figures in social, academic, cultural and political life. The prizes are traditionally awarded by the President of the Republic. The competition is gradually becoming known all around the country, evolving into a popular and successful institution which has been embraced by the community to a degree never anticipated by its organizers. And in just ten years it has helped to raise our awareness of the many areas where voluntary organizations are quietly and effectively doing truly remarkable work. In tribute to their efforts, then, we offer these details of the awards ceremonies that have been held to date. 61 VOLUNTARY ACTION 26/11/2009 8 awards Panel of judges Winners Supporters and sponsors

Chairman: S. Geroulanos, Professor of Surgery and History of Medicine • Disability Now Greek Radio & TV Members: T. Antypas, President of PRAKSIS; E. Vassilatou-Kosmidi (Ms), Director • Voluntary Ministration of Patients NET 105.8 radio of Oncology, P. & A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital; G. Grammatikakis, • Educational Centre of Glafki-Xanthi Coca-Cola TRIA EPSILON former Chancellor of the University of Crete; L. Canellopoulos, President • Childrens’ & Teenagers’ Social Supporting Vivartia of UNICEF Hellas; S. Papakonstantinou, communications expert; Society of Syros - Stegi Famar A. Karafoulidou (Ms), President of the Greek Guiding Association; • WWF-Hellas Citizen’s Legal Support Team T. Papalexopoulos, President of the Citizens’ Movement. Bank of Piraeus • The House Open to Hospitality Eurobank EFG • Civil Protection Volunteers’ Association Fourlis (Ag. Stefanos) • 1st Junior High School of Vyron 22/11/2007 8 awards Panel of judges Winners

Chairman: Professor G. Babiniotis, Chancellor of the University of Athens • “ AGALIAZO” – Society of Volunteers • “ AEGEAN TEAM” Members: S. Geroulanos, Professor of Surgery and History of Medicine; Against Cancer • “ PRAKSIS” – Program “Polyclinics in E. Kalliga (Ms), architect and planner and former President of the Greek • “ OPEN HUG” – Association of Social Athens and Thessaloniki” Guiding Association; L. Canellopoulos, Chairman of the Greek Committee Pediatrics Friends • “ FLOGA” Parents’ Association of Children of UNICEF; L. Mesogiti (Ms), President of the Kostakis Mesogitis • European Network of Women – Greece with Cancer Association; N. Tzavaras, Professor of Psychiatry; V. Xenou (Ms), • Greek Centre of Volunteerism’s Professor at the National Technical University of Athens, painter; Promotion – “anthropos.gr” R. Karayianni (Ms), President of the Greek Guiding Association; • “ ELPIDA” – Cultural and Educational T. Papalexopoulos, President of the Citizens’ Movement. Society for Roma Women 01/12/2005 6 awards Panel of judges Winners Supporters and sponsors

Chairman: Professor G. Babiniotis, Chancellor of the University of Athens • “ Alkyoni” – Aegean Wildlife Hospital Mazda ELMA Deputy • Pediatric Trauma Care Eurobank Chairman: G. Koumandos, Professor Emeritus, University of Athens • Greek Council for Refugees (GCR) Aspis Bank Members: D. Glaros, Professor at the University of Ioannina; L. Mesogiti, President • KOINONIKI STIRIXI – Social Support, Natural Gas Enterprise of Kostakis Mesogitis Association; S. Sorongas, Professor at the National Program Next Door Alpha Bank Technical Univercity of Athens, painter; V. Xenou (Ms), Professor at the • Shelter for Abused Women and Children Elais SA National Technical Univercity of Athens, painter; R. Karayianni (Ms), • PRAKSIS – Programs of Development, President of the Greek Guiding Association; T. Papalexopoulos, President Social Support and Medical Cooperation of the Citizens’ Movement. 19/11/2003 8 awards Panel of judges Winners Supporters and sponsors

Chairman: G. Rallis, former Prime Minister • ARSIS – Association for the Social Support Elais SA Members: D. Glaros, former Chancellor of the University of Ioannina; G. Koumandos, of Youth Coca-Cola TRIA EPSILON Professor Emeritus at the University of Athens; G. Babiniotis, Chancellor • MARGARITA – VocationaL Training Centre Chipita International of the University of Athens; S. Sorongas, painter – Professor at the • FILOTHEI I ATHINAIA – Girls’ Home National Technical University of Athens; V. Xenou(Ms), Professor at • ILIACHTIDA – Pancretan Association of the National Technical University of Athens; A Kalogera (Ms), President Parents and Friends of Children with of the Greek Guiding Association; L. Kyrkos, President of the Citizens’ Cancer Movement. • KENTRO ZOIS – Centre for Life • KIVOTOS – Ark of the World • KOINONIKI STIRIXI – Social Support 07/05/2001 • TRAPEZA TROFIMON – Food Bank, Greece Panel of judges Winners The competition was held Chairman: G. Rallis, former Prime Minister • DROMOI ZOIS (Roads of Life) • Friends of the Chian Village under the aegis of the UN as Members: D. Glaros, Vice Chancellor, University – Charity organization • PROTASI -Movement for another lifestyle part of International of Ioannina; N. Goulandri (Ms), • (CVME) Research and Support Centre • Society for the Revival of the Nemean President of the Museum of Natural for Victims of Maltreatment and Social Games Voluntary Action Year 2001. History; G. Koumandos, Professor Exclusion • TECHNI – Macedonian Art of Kilkis There were 76 nominations; Emeritus at the University of Athens; • ZOODOHOS PIGI – Centre for Persons with • FOEA - Student Blood Donation Service of ten awards were bestowed, G. Babiniotis, Chancellor, University of Learning Difficulties the University of Ioannina Athens; E. Kalliga (Ms), architect and • KOSTAKIS MESOGITIS – Association of and one special mention. planner and former President of the Voluntary Blood Donors, Body Organ Donors Special mention: Greek Guiding Association; L. Kyrkos, and Health Care President of the Citizens’ Movement. • Naoussa Friends of the Poor • Friends of the Greek Island and the Sea (founded in 1887) The citizen of a modern democracy is more keenly aware than his forefathers that the highest duty of the majority is to protect the rights of the minority. The modern citizen knows that it is the responsibility of society – of us all – to defend the rights of minorities and of the disadvantaged.

The responsible citizen is also more aware than ever of the need for respect for our institutions. The state alone cannot guarantee that respect – what is needed is a change of attitude on the part of the citizens themselves.

Too many politicians are still laboring under the misapprehension that legislation alone can solve all our problems. The truth – which we can no longer afford to ignore – is that there can be no real change without the active support and involvement of society as a whole, the support and involvement of the citizens themselves.

The members of the Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society are convinced that it is vital – in the interests of each and every Greek – to meet European standards in every area of our country’s performance, economic and social, quantitative and qualitative. This will not be easy, but it can be done – and it will benefit our entire society, in the immediate future and in the longer term.

Yet such an ambition can only be realized if every single one of us begins to play an active role in public life, in our institutions, in civil society. Only by demonstrating in practical terms our willingness to make a real difference in our communities can we move beyond the conflicts of the past and chart a course for a better future.

Theodore Papalexopoulos President of the Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society

Athens, December 2009 This volume came as an initiative and a donation to the “Citizens’ Movement for an Open Society” by a group of founding members who wish to remain anonymous