DOCSLIB.ORG

(1991) Laboratory Exercise on Semiquantitative Analysis of Ions In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(1991) Laboratory Exercise on Semiquantitative Analysis of Ions In ARTICLES A Laboratory Exercise on Semiquantitative Analysis of Ions in Nutrient Solutions David R. Hershey* and Gary W. Stutte ABSTRACT NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS Astudent laboratory exercise on the developmentof nutrient Nutrient deficiency solutions for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, deficiencyand toxicity symptomswas linked to analytical tech- Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, and Mo were prepared according to niquesand ion chemistryby havingthe studentsdetermine which Hoagland and Arnon (1950) except that Fe was provided ions in the nutrientsolutions were missing or presentin excess. as Fe-EDTAat 90/~M Fe, and CaCI2 was used instead Qualitativeanalytical methodsfor CI, Ca, Mg,Na, K, Mn,S, of CaSO4for the minus-N solution. The complete solu- ammonium,and nitrate were madesemiquantitative by using tion was a Hoagland Solution Number 1. standards.Quantitative analytical techniquesfor B, Fe, P, and Various element toxicities were induced by adding one bicarbonatewere simplified. Mostreagents and samples were of the following: 460 #M B(OH)3, 90/aM MnCI2, in dropperbottles, allowingstudents to rapidlyrun the tests mMNaC1, or 20 mMNaHCO3. The toxic levels of B by addingthe propernumber of dropsof sampleand reagent(s) and Mn were ten times the normal Hoagland Solution to a test tube. Formost elements, a color changeor precipita- tion denoteda positive test. Mostreagents have stored well for Number1 level. 2.5 yr, minimizingreagent preparation after the 1st yr. Ammoniumtoxicity was induced by growing plants in a modified Hoagland Solution Number1. The solution for ammoniumtoxicity had CaCl2 substituted for LASS LABORATORYEXPERIMENTS in hydroponics, the Ca(NO)3, K2SO4 substituted for KNO3,and 15 mMam- C soilless culture of plants, are popular for demon- monium as (NH4)2SO4. strating plant nutrient deficiency symptoms(Epstein, Extra volumes of all but the minus-Zn, -Cu, and -Mo 1986; Moore,1974). Generally, nutrient deficiency symp- solutions were prepared for student analysis. Analytical tom laboratories are mostly observational in nature with techniques for Zn, Cu, and Mo were not attempted be- students focusing on symptom development. Tissue or cause the low concentrations of these elements are either nutrient solution analysis to confirm the nutrient defi- difficult to detect with simple techniques or difficult-to- ciency is usually not done due to a lack of analytical handle reagents are needed. Zinc analysis requires organic equipment. However, visual nutrient deficiency symp- solvent extraction with carbon tetrachloride (Epstein, toms have limited usefulness as a diagnostic procedure. 1986), Cu analysis requires toxic cyanides, and Mo Introductory inorganic chemistry laboratories often analysis requires atomic absorption spectrophotometry perform qualitative analysis of ions in solution whenstu- (American Public Health Association, 1985). The all- dents learn ion chemistry in a hands-on setting. A weak- nitrate-N, all-ammonium-N, nine deficient, and four ness of this classic qualitative analysis laboratory toxic nutrient solutions were assigned numbersand placed experience is that the ion solutions analyzed, particularly in 30-mL-glass-dropper bottles. the unknowns,are artificial. In the real world, plant scien- tists knowwhat they are analyzing be it irrigation water, fertilizer solution, plant tissue, or soil. PLANTS In order to extend the learning experience in a plant Leaf cuttings of Tolmiea menziesii (Pursh) Torr. & nutrient deficiency laboratory and link it more closely to Gray were rooted in 2 mMCaC12 in solution culture analytical chemistry, qualitative analysis laboratory tech- (Hershey,1989), placed in plastic jars in continuouslyaer- niques were utilized to analyze nutrient solutions. The ob- ated nutrient solutions, and set on a greenhouse bench jective was to determine if an ion or element was present for symptom development. The aeration manifold was at deficient, adequate, or toxic levels. like that of Hershey and Merritt (1986) as modified Sadof and Hershey (1989). There were four replications Department of Horticulture, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD per treatment, but not all jars were labeled for the stu- 20742-5611. Received 7 May 1990. *Corresponding author. dents. The unknownjars were labeled for the instructors, Published in J. Agron. Educ. 20:7-10 (1991). and wereused later to test the student’s ability to discern J. Agron. Educ., Vol. 20, no. 1, 1991 7 the identity of the deficient or toxic element via symptom Table 1. Directions for achieving desired molarity of reagents identification and solution analysis. The seed-propagated necessary for the nutrient solution analysis laboratory. The in- crops more often used in nutrient deficiency laboratories, structions for each test are given in the text. such as tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (Epstein, Reagent Preparation 1986) or sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (Moore, 1974) Chloride could also be used. The houseplant Tolmiea, knownas 17 g AgNO3L-1 0.1 .~/AgNO3 -1 piggyback plant, was chosen for a change of pace and 10 mMNaC1 584 mg NaCI L because its rosette form requires no staking. Sulfate 1 MBaC12 244-1 g BaC12.2H20 L 1 mMH2SO4 56-1 #Lconc. H2SO4L ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES Phosphate Reagent A 12 g ammoniummolybdate [(NH4)6Mo7024-4H20]in 250 mLH20 and Qualitative analysis procedures for Cl, Ca, Mg, Na, 0.3 g antimony potassium tartrate K, Mn, ammonium,nitrate, and sulfate (Masterton and (CaH4K2Sb2012’3H20)in 100 mLH20 are Slowinski, 1978) were used with modifications. Standard added to 1 L of 2.5 M H2SO41148 mL conc. H2SO4 L-1L mixed well, and qualitative analysis procedures usually utilize samples brought to 2 L with 20 mMconcentrations of each ion. This presented Reagent B 0.25 g ascorbic acid in 50 mLof Reagent A Imake fresh) sensitivity problemsfor certain ions since a HoaglandSo- 1 mMKH2PO4 136-1 mg KH2PO4L lution Number1 has ion concentrations of 15 mMorless Nitrate (Hoagland and Arnon, 1950). To overcome the problem, 18 M H2SO4 conc. H2SO4 solutions for the least sensitive tests, Mnand Mg, were 0.2 MFeSO4 2.8 g FeSO4-7H20in 50 mL(make fresh) 10 mM KNO3 1.01 g KNO3L-1 evaporated to dryness in an oven and reconstituted to Ca one-tenth of the original volume prior to class. With the 6 M NH40H 400-1 mL 30% NH4OHL 1 Mpotassium oxalate 184-1 g K2C204.H20 L exception of C1, the other tests were sensitive enoughto -1 detect deficient or adequate ion levels. The C1 test was 5 mMCaCl2 735 mg CaC12.2H20 L Mg only used to detect a Cl excess. 6 M HC1 500-1 mLconc. HC1L Quantitative analytical procedures for B (John et al., Mgreagent 0.1g p-nitrobenzene-azoresorcinol L-1 of 25 mMNaOH I1 ~ L -11 1975, bicarbonate (Chapmanand Pratt, 1961), phosphate 6 M NaOH 240 g NaOH L-~ (Watanabeand Olsen, 1965), and Fe (Chaney et al., 1972) 5 ram MgSO4 1.23-1 g MgSO~.7H20L were simplified by minimizing the solution volumes uti- Ammonium 6 M NaOH 240 g NaOH L-1 lized, measuring reagent volumes by drop-count instead 10 mMNH4C1 535-1 mg NH4C1L of pipettes, and visually estimating solution color instead K of using spectrophotometers. 10 mMKC1 746 mg KC1L- 1 For the majority of tests, 10 drops of sample are added Na to a 12- by 75-mm-glass-test tube and the appropriate 10 mMNaCl 584 mg NaCI L-1 Mn number of drops of one or more reagents added. A posi- 6 M HNO3 400-1 mL conc. HNO3L tive test is indicated by a changein solution color or for- Sodium bismuthate -1Solid NaBiO3 mation of a precipitate. Sections of 512 square, plastic 100 ~ MnCl2 20 mg MnCI2.4H20 L plug flats, used for seed germination in bedding plant Buffer masking reagent 125 g ammoniumacetate (CH3COONH4) production, are utilized as inexpensive racks for the 12- and 7.5 g Na-EDTAin 200 mLH20; by 75-mm-disposableotest tubes. Each plug cell is 14 mm slowly add 62.5 mLglacial acetic acid Azomethine-H reagent 0.45 g Azomethine-Hand 1 g ascorbic acid wide and 21 mmdeep. The flats are available from in 50 mLH20 (make fresh) Maryland Plants and Supply, Baltimore, MD.Most rea- 500 ~/B{OH)a 31 mg B(OHh -1 gents and nutrient solutions are in 30-mL-dropperbottles. Fe Standard solutions of specified concentrations are avail- 2.5 mMTPTZ (2,4,6 tri- pyridyl-s-triazine) 780 mg TPTZ L-1 able for each ion and allow the student to judge if the 4 M sodium acetate 544-1 g CHaCOONa-3H20L nutrient solution concentration is higher or lower than 2 M HC1 165 mL conc. HCI L-1 Ascorbic acid Solid the standard. Deionizedwater is available in dropper bot- 100 ~ Fe-EDTA 36.7-1 mg Fe-EDTA L tles so students can determine what a negative test result Bicarbonate looks like. Preparation of reagents for each test are sum- Phenolpthalein indicator 2.5 g phenolpthalein L-1 of 1:1 ethanol~water marized in Table 1. Details for each test are described Methyl orange indicator 1 g methyl orange L- 1 below. 25 mMH2SO4 1.39-~ mLconc. H2SO~L -1 Chloride. To 10 drops of sample add two drops of 0.1 10 mM NaHCO3 840 mg NaHCOaL M AgNO3.A cloudy white precipitate of AgCl indicates the presence of chloride. The dropper bottle of AgNO3 solution is wrapped in aluminum foil to prevent pho- Sulfate. To 10 drops of sample add three drops of 1 todegradation of AgNO3. A 10-mM-NaCl solution is MBaCl2 and mix well. A white, finely divided precipi- used as a standard. This test is not sensitive enough to tate of BaSO4 indicates the presence of sulfate. A 1-mM- detect the normal 18/d~/-chloride concentration in H2SO4 standard is used. Hoagland Solution Number 1 Hoagland Solution Number1, so it is used to detect an has 2 mMsulfate. excess of chloride. Phosphate. To one drop of sample add four drops of 8 J.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Characterization of Nutrient Disorders and Impacts on Chlorophyll and Anthocyanin Concentration of Brassica Rapa Var
    agriculture Article Characterization of Nutrient Disorders and Impacts on Chlorophyll and Anthocyanin Concentration of Brassica rapa var. Chinensis 1 1 1, 2 Patrick Veazie , Paul Cockson , Josh Henry y, Penelope Perkins-Veazie and Brian Whipker 1,* 1 Department of Horticultural Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; [email protected] (P.V.); [email protected] (P.C.); [email protected] (J.H.) 2 Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Current address is: The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company, Marysville, OH 43040, USA. y Received: 3 September 2020; Accepted: 5 October 2020; Published: 8 October 2020 Abstract: Essential plant nutrients are needed at crop-specific concentrations to obtain optimal growth and yield. Foliar tissue analysis is the standard method for assessing nutrient levels in plants. Symptoms of nutrient deficiency or toxicity occur when the foliar tissue values become too low or high. Diagnostic nutrient deficiency criteria for Brassica rapa var. Chinensis (bok choy) is lacking in the current literature. In this study, green (‘Black Summer’) and purple (‘Red Pac’) bok choy plants were grown in silica sand culture, with control plants receiving a complete modified Hoagland’s all-nitrate solution, and nutrient-deficient plants induced by using a complete nutrient formula withholding a single nutrient. Tissue samples were collected at the first sign of visual disorder symptoms and analyzed for dry weight and nutrient concentrations of all plant essential elements. Six weeks into the experiment, the newest matured leaves were sampled for chlorophyll a, b, and total carotenoids concentrations for both cultivars, and total anthocyanin concentration in ‘Red Pac’.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Hoagland's Solution Concentration and Aeration On
    Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 120:337–339. 2007. Effects of Hoagland’s Solution Concentration and Aeration on Hydroponic Pteris vittata Production ROBERT H. STAMPS* University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Environmental Horticulture Department, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, 2725 South Binion Road, Apopka, FL 32703-8504 ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. Chinese brake fern, Chinese ladder brake fern, phytoremediation, arsenic, electrical conductivity, water use, water use effi ciency, fern yield Chinese ladder brake fern (Pteris vittata) has potential for use as a biofi lter for arsenic-contaminated groundwater. However, little research has been conducted on growing ferns hydroponically, especially for months at a time. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of hydroponic nutrient solution concentration and aeration on Pteris vittata growth. Individual fern plugs in net pots were suspended in 10%, 20%, or 30% strength Hoagland’s #1 solution from polystyrene sheets fl oating in 11-L tanks. Half the tanks were aerated and half were not. Solution electrical conductivity increased with increasing Hoagland’s solution strength, and pHs were higher in the aerated than in the non-aerated tanks. Root dry masses were not affected by solution strength, but frond and rhizome dry masses increased linearly with increasing Hoagland’s solution strength. Dry masses of all three plant parts were gen- erally greater in the aerated tanks. Frond water use (mL·cm–2) was reduced by aeration while water use effi ciency (g dry wt·L–1) was increased. Hoagland’s solution strength had no effect on these latter two parameters. Pteris vittata was successfully grown hydroponically in low-strength nutrient solutions selected to reduce the chances of secondary contamination to water sources upon release by fertilizer components.
    [Show full text]
  • Visual Deficiency and Multi-Deficiency Symptoms of Macro and Micro Nutrients Element in Pistachio Seedling (Pistacia Vera)
    Visual deficiency and multi-deficiency symptoms of macro and micro nutrients element in pistachio seedling (Pistacia vera) Afrousheh M., Ardalan M., Hokmabadi H. in Zakynthinos G. (ed.). XIV GREMPA Meeting on Pistachios and Almonds Zaragoza : CIHEAM / FAO / AUA / TEI Kalamatas / NAGREF Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens; n. 94 2010 pages 37-52 Article available on line / Article disponible en ligne à l’adresse : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- http://om.ciheam.org/article.php?IDPDF=801283 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To cite this article / Pour citer cet article -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Afrousheh M., Ardalan M., Hokmabadi H. Visual deficiency and multi-deficiency symptoms of macro and micro nutrients element in pistachio seedling (Pistacia vera). In : Zakynthinos G. (ed.). XIV GREMPA Meeting on Pistachios and Almonds. Zaragoza : CIHEAM / FAO / AUA / TEI Kalamatas / NAGREF, 2010. p. 37-52 (Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens; n. 94) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • Lipoic Acid Combined with Melatonin Mitigates Oxidative Stress and Promotes Root Formation and Growth in Salt-Stressed Canola Seedlings (Brassica Napus L.)
    molecules Article Lipoic Acid Combined with Melatonin Mitigates Oxidative Stress and Promotes Root Formation and Growth in Salt-Stressed Canola Seedlings (Brassica napus L.) Hafiz Muhammad Rashad Javeed 1 , Mazhar Ali 1 , Milan Skalicky 2 , Fahim Nawaz 3 , Rafi Qamar 4, Atique ur Rehman 5, Maooz Faheem 1, Muhammad Mubeen 1, Muhammad Mohsin Iqbal 1 , Muhammad Habib ur Rahman 6 , Pavla Vachova 2 , Marian Brestic 7 , Alaa Baazeem 8 and Ayman EL Sabagh 9,* 1 Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan; [email protected] (H.M.R.J.); [email protected] (M.A.); [email protected] (M.F.); [email protected] (M.M.); [email protected] (M.M.I.) 2 Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic; [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (P.V.) 3 Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan; [email protected] 4 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan; drrafi[email protected] 5 Citation: Javeed, H.M.R.; Ali, M.; Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan; [email protected] 6 Skalicky, M.; Nawaz, F.; Qamar, R.; Crop Science Group, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany; [email protected] Rehman, A.u.; Faheem, M.; Mubeen, 7 Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94901 Nitra, Slovakia; M.; Iqbal, M.M.; Rahman, M.H.u.; [email protected] et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapid Mass Multiplication of Glomus Mosseae Inoculum As Influenced by Some Biotic and Abiotic Factors
    Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(2): 209-214, 2015 (June) RAPID MASS MULTIPLICATION OF GLOMUS MOSSEAE INOCULUM AS INFLUENCED BY SOME BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS SUBRATA NATH BHOWMIK*, GULAB SINGH YADAV AND MRINMAY DATTA Division of Natural Resource Management, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Tripura Centre, Lembucherra 799210, Tripura, India Key words: Rapid mass multiplication, Glomus mosseae, Biotic, Abiotic factors, Root colonization Abstract Rhodes grasses (Chloris gayana Kunth) inoculated with Glomus mosseae were grown under the influence of Azospirillum (biotic factor), IAA (abiotic factor) and Hoagland’s solution (abiotic factor). The effectiveness of each factor was evaluated by measuring mycorrhizal root colonization and spore numbers. The pot culture experiment was carried out under polyhouse condition and observations were recorded at 45, 90 and 120 days of plant growth. The harvest date finely influenced the size of mycorrhizal inoculum. But, all biotic and abiotic factors had a greater influence on root colonization and spore multiplication than harvest time. The agents on application in conjunction favourably enhanced root infection and spore multiplication as compared to their solo treatments, with Azospirillum + Hoagland’s solution application posing to be the best. This not only stimulated mycorrhizal development, but also accelerated the root growth. Introduction Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) are obligate biotrophic fungi forming symbiotic relationship with the roots of many plants. Despite immense potential of AM fungus to increase crop yield, the obligate biotrophic nature of AM fungus has complicated the development of cost-efficient large scale production methods to obtain high-quality AM fungal inoculum (IJdo et al. 2010). AM fungal propagules comprising mycelium or infected root pieces, and soil borne spores are termed as inoculum (Daniels and Skipper 1982).
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria As Biofertilizer Fauzia Y
    Plant growth-promoting bacteria as biofertilizer Fauzia Y. Hafeez, Sumera Yasmin, Dini Ariani, Non Renseigné, Yusuf Zafar, Kauser A. Malik To cite this version: Fauzia Y. Hafeez, Sumera Yasmin, Dini Ariani, Non Renseigné, Yusuf Zafar, et al.. Plant growth- promoting bacteria as biofertilizer. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences/INRA, 2006, 26 (2), pp.143-150. hal-00886338 HAL Id: hal-00886338 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886338 Submitted on 1 Jan 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 26 (2006) 143–150 143 © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2006 DOI: 10.1051/agro:2006007 Research article Plant growth-promoting bacteria as biofertilizer Fauzia Y. HAFEEZa*, Sumera YASMINa, Dini ARIANIb, Mehboob-ur-RAHMANa, Yusuf ZAFARa, Kauser A. MALIKa a National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), PO Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan b R&D Centre for Biotechnology, The Indonesian Institute of Sciences, JI. Raya Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia (Accepted 18 May 2006) Abstract – Seventeen rhizobacteria isolated from different ecological regions, i.e. Brazil, Indonesia, Mongolia and Pakistan were studied to develop inoculants for wheat, maize and rice.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Potassium Deficiency on Uptake and Partitioning in the Cotton
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 5-2016 Effect of Potassium Deficiency on Uptake and Partitioning in the Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plant and Detection by a Crop Reflectance Sensor Taylor Dayne Coomer University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, Botany Commons, and the Plant Biology Commons Recommended Citation Coomer, Taylor Dayne, "Effect of Potassium Deficiency on Uptake and Partitioning in the Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plant and Detection by a Crop Reflectance Sensor" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 1572. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1572 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Effect of Potassium Deficiency on Uptake and Partitioning in the Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plant and Detection by a Crop Reflectance Sensor A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences by Taylor Dayne Coomer University of Arkansas Bachelor of Science in Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 2013 May 2016 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. __________________________________ Dr. Derrick Oosterhuis Thesis Director __________________________________ Dr. Curt Rom Committee Member __________________________________ ___________________________________ Dr. Leo Espinoza Dr. Fred Bourland Committee Member Committee Member Abstract For cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to grow and develop normally, plants need to uptake the necessary amount of nutrients and use those nutrients in a beneficial fashion.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Iron and Oxygen on Chlorophyll Biosynthesis' I
    Plant Physiol. (1982) 69, 107-1 1 1 0032-0889/82/69/0107/05/$00.50/0 Effects of Iron and Oxygen on Chlorophyll Biosynthesis' I. IN VIVO OBSERVATIONS ON IRON AND OXYGEN-DEFICIENT PLANTS Received for publication March 31, 1981 and in revised form July 31, 1981 SUSAN C. SPILLER, ANN M. CASTELFRANCO2, AND PAUL A. CASTELFRANCOQ Department ofBotany, University of Cal!fornia, Davis, California 95616 ABSTRACT ALA4 (3). It is probable that this in vivo 02 requirement, in part, reflects the need for molecular O2 in aerobic respiration, which is Corn (Zea mnays, L.), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), barley (Hordeum necessary to generate ATP in the common test plants (e.g. cucum- vudgare L.), spinach (Spuiacia oeracea L.), and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris ber, bean, barley). L.) grown under iron deficiency, and Potamogeton pectinatus L, and Pota- In the present paper we are reporting on: (a) the accumulation mogeton nodosus Poir. grown under oxygen deficiency, contained less of Mg-Proto(Me) in vivo by Fe and 02-deficient plants; (b) the chlorophyll than the controls, but accumulated Mg-protoporphyrin IX and/ effect of Fe and O2 deficiency on the conversion of exogenous or Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester. No significant accumulation ALA to Pchlide by plant tissue segments. The following article by of these intermediates was detected in the controls or in the tissue of Chereskin and Castelfranco (5) deals with the inhibition of ALA plants stressed by S, Mg, N deficiency, or by prolonged dark treatment. synthesis by Fe- and Mg-containing tetrapyrroles, and the effects Treatment of normal plant tissue with 8-aminolevulinic acid in the dark of Fe-chelators and anaerobiosis on the conversion of Mg-Proto resulted in the accumulation of protochlorophyliide.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Nutrient Deficiency in Bean Plants by Prompt Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measurements and Artificial Neural Networks
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/664235; this version posted June 8, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Identification of nutrient deficiency in bean plants by prompt chlorophyll fluorescence measurements and Artificial Neural Networks Vladimir Aleksandrov Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Science e-mails: [email protected] ; [email protected] Abstract The deficiency of macro (N, P, S, Ca, Mg and K) and micro (Zn, Cu, B, Mo, Cl, Mn and Fe) minerals has a major effect on plant development. The lack of some nutrient minerals especially of nitrogen, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and iron is a huge problem for agriculture and early warning and prevention of the problem will be very useful for agro-industry. Methods currently used to determine nutritional deficiency in plants are soil analysis, plant tissue analysis, or combined methods. But these methods are slow and expensive. In this study, a new method for determining nutrient deficiency in plants based on the prompt fluorescence of chlorophyll a is proposed. In this paper bean plants are grown on a complete nutrient solution (control) were compared with those grown in a medium, which lacked one of these elements - N, P, K, Ca and Fe. In this article the mineral deficiency in nutrient solution was evaluated by the stress response of the plants estimated by leaves photosynthetic activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Amendments to Enhance Lead Uptake by Eucalyptus Camaldeulensis Cultivated on Metal Contaminated Soil
    Availab le online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2013, 3(6):7-13 ISSN: 2248 –9215 CODEN (USA): EJEBAU Soil amendments to enhance lead uptake by Eucalyptus camaldeulensis cultivated on metal contaminated soil Khaled Sallami 1, Stephen J. Coupe 2, Jess Rollason 3 and Eshmaiel Ganjian 2 1Faculty of Business Environment and Society, Coventry University, England, United Kingdom 2Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Building, Faculty of Engineering and Computing, Sir John Laing Building, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, England, United Kingdom 3Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, England, United Kingdom _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT The use of plant to remove heavy metals from soil (phytoremediation) is expanding due to its cost-effectiveness as compared to conventional methods and it has revealed great possible potential. Since contaminants such as Pb have a limited bioavailability in the soil, methods to facilitate their transport to the shoots and roots of plant are required for successful phytoremediation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects adding of different rates of EDTA at concentrated (0, 5, 10 and 15 mmol/kg), (0, 5, 10, and 25%) of compost, (0, 25, 50, and 100%) of Hoagland solution, bacterial inoculums, and mixtures of 5% EDTA, 5% compost, 100 Hogaland solution, and bacterial inoculums of an amendment on Pb availability in
    [Show full text]
  • THE PROMOTIVE ROLE of ALGAL BIOFERTILIZER on the GROWTH of MAIZE (Zea Mays L.) SEEDLINGS UNDER CADMIUM-STRESS
    Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, May - 2014; Volume – 2(2S) Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences http://www.jebas.org ISSN No. 2320 – 8694 THE PROMOTIVE ROLE OF ALGAL BIOFERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH OF MAIZE (Zea mays L.) SEEDLINGS UNDER CADMIUM-STRESS Hanan M Abou- Zeid Botany & Microbiology department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt Received – April 26, 2014; Revision – May 09, 2014, Accepted – May 20, 2014 Available Online – May 31, 2014. KEYWORDS ABSTRACT Cadmium 2+ The influence of various cadmium (Cd ) levels in absence and presence of algal biofertilizer on the growth, photosynthesis, and mineral contents of maize plants was examined. Cd2+ caused an inhibitory Biofertilizer effect on growth parameters of shoots and roots leading to lower tolerance index. Application of Cd 2+ in the nutrient medium in absence of biofertilizer suppressed the photosynthetic parameters (Fv/Fm, qP, Photosynthetic parameters Pn, NPQ, and Gs) resulting in a marked decline of photosynthetic rate. Cadmium interferes with the Macronutrients uptake, transport and utilization of several macro- and micronutrients, which accounts, at least in part, for Cd2+ toxicity in plants. There was a marked reduction in the accumulation of macronutrient such as 2+ Maize (Zea mays) K, Ca, Mg, and P in the roots and shoots. Supplementation of algal biofertilizer with Cd - contaminated medium resulted in shift off the Cd2+ toxicity and improved to some extent the growth and photosynthetic machinery, as well as increased the intracellular macro-nutrients such as K, Ca, Mg, and P in maize plants. * Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] (Hanan M. Abou- Zeid) Peer review under responsibility of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Life Science Journal 2014;11(10)
    Life Science Journal 2014;11(10) http://www.lifesciencesite.com Response of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) to Different Levels of Hoaglands Solution Safwan Shiyab, Bassam Al-Qarallah, Mohanad Akash, Mohammed Statieh, Jamal Ayad 1, Khaldon Al Sane 2 1Department of Horticulture and Crop Science. Faculty of Agriculture. Jordan University, Amman - Jordan 2Faculty of Science. King Khalid University. Saudi Arabia. [email protected] Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of Hoaglands solution on the growth of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). The experiment comprised of different solution levels: CK (control), 40, 60, 80, and 100 ml/L and set up in Randomized Complete Block Design with five replications. Fresh and dry weight at high levels of Hoaglands solution was highly than with non treated. On the other hand, chlorophyll and carbohydrate content increased in treated plants compared to the control. The highest level of nutrients uptake was found in treatment four and five. Nutrient solution supply significantly decreased soil pH both in rhizopher and non-rhizopher soil. The decrease in soil pH, especially in the rhizopher may increase uptake of nutrient by plants. Results of this study indicated that Hoaglands solution especially at 80 ml/L levels has a profound impact on okra growth of plants. [Safwan Shiyab, Bassam Al-Qarallah, Mohanad Akash, Mohammed Statieh, Jamal Ayad, Khaldon Al Sane. Response of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) to Different Levels of Hoaglands Solution. Life Sci J 2014;11(10):1080-1086]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 163 Key Words: Okra, hoaglands solution, chlorophyll, nutrients. 1. Introduction fertilizers to the crops has been considered a precious Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus [L.] Moench.
    [Show full text]