June-July 2011 Volume 6 No 3 `100.00 (-based Buyer only)

SP’s AN SP GUIDE PUBLICATION

www.spsnavalforces.net ROUNDUP

PAGe 3  cover story NextGen Vessels to PhotograPh: Lockheed Martin Fight Mine Warfare India is all set to place an order with a south Lockheed Martin delivers Korean shipyard for building eight first two upgraded P-3C for the to overhaul maritime surveillance aircraft for its existing fleet of such specialised warships. Defending Rear (Retd) Sushil Ramsay

PAGe 5 Specialised for Both Land & Water Indian Navy has issued a rFI for amphibious Naval Bases aircraft. Amphibious aircraft will be very useful for carrying out reconnaissance, surveillance and search and rescue. Lt General (Retd) Naresh Chand

PAGe 6 China’s Enhanced Ocean Surveillance there is growing concern that as china’s military prowess increases, an improved and more effective ability to monitor all activity in the neighbouring seas might severely curtail the freedom that other nations enjoy of using sea routes for innocent passage Commander Abhijit Singh

PAGe 8 Private Security on the High Seas the mushrooming of maritime security There is a requirement to take prophylactic measures to prevent a terrorist attack. companies has given rise to the potential danger of an unregulated private security It is certain that Indian Navy is taking all measures to prevent Mehran like incident. business model going out of hand. Commander Shishir Upadhyaya n LT GENERAL (RETD) NARESH CHAND Air Arm and was also Pakistan’s first naval were able to access such an important base PAGe 10 station which was commissioned during so easily and hold it to ransom for 18 fTer The kIllINg of osama September 1975. Currently, it is holding hours, does not speak well of Pakistan Meeting Current & bin laden there have been about 27 multi-role aircraft including P-3C Navy’s security preparedness. eyewitnesses Emerging Challenges many terrorist attacks in Pak - orion maritime aircraft, fokkers and Atlan - have claimed that the attackers were Defence Minister A.K. Antony speaking at the istan during May. The terrorist tique. It also houses the Naval Aviation dressed in naval uniforms and were aware Naval commanders’ conference ruled out attacks started with two Training School. of the security protocol at the base and Asuicide bombers attacking khyber-Pakh- on the night of May 22, PNS Mehran behaved like soldiers. There are contradic - India becoming a member of any multilateral groupings unless under a UN mandate. tunkhwa province followed by attack on was attacked by 4-20 (figure varies) terror - tory reports regarding the attack. Some North Atlantic Treaty organisation trucks ists. Zarrar Battalion of the Special Service eyewitnesses claimed that the attackers (Retd) Sushil Ramsay in landikotal khyber Agency federally group responded to the attack, killing four were dressed in naval uniforms and were Administered Tribal Agency (fATA), third terrorists at the cost of 10 of the security aware of the security procedures and acted PAGe 12 attack on a Pakistan Naval Base Mehran in personnel in an operation which lasted 15 like sailors of the . however, Apt for the Indian Navy , a suicide car bomb attack in the hours. The overall siege lasted for about 18 Pakistan’s Interior Minister MRMR Programme Northwest city of hangu, targeting a pro- hours. The remaining attackers are stated that the terrorists had cut the government tribe and killing eight people believed to have been captured or escaped perimeter’s barbed wire at a place which in the town of khar which borders and an unexploded suicide jacket and some came under the shadow of the surveillance Sucheta Das Mohapatra Afghanistan and attack on the security live grenades were recovered from the area. camera. The infiltration occurred through officer of the by The attack on Mehran occurred 19 months an empty patch of land running alongside PLUS unidentified terrorist. So far about 113 after general headquarters in Pindi was the rear of the base. A frequent attack on security personnel, 59 civilians and six ter - raided and preceded by three attacks on the Pakistan Navy indicates that it is the Amur-1650, Master of the Seas 7 rorists have been killed. Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan Navy personnel. Yet terrorists weak spot of the armed forces which was In the News 11 Pakistan had earlier declared their inten - exploited by the terrorists. tions of seeking revenge for the killing of Pakistan’s Chief of the Naval Staff First / TecKnow 13 osama bin laden and had claimed respon - The feeling is that the Admiral stated in a press sibility for the attacks. however, the most conference that four to six Taliban terror - EMAL launching alarming was the attack on Pakistan’s and Air Force ists entered karachi’s Mehran Naval Sta - the C-2A Greyhound Naval Base Mehran located in karachi. tion, destroying two US-supplied maritime have improved their security surveillance aircraft and killing 10 military Mehran Naval Base Karachi but the navy has yet to polish personnel during their 18-hour siege of the Pakistan Naval Station Mehran (PNS naval air base. Bashir said that effective Mehran) is located in karachi, about 10 km up their act security of naval installations was becom - from Quaid-e-Azam International Airport. It ing difficult due to the crowded residential News in Brief 14 is also the headquarters of Pakistan Navy’s areas around the base. Talking about the

3/2011 1  cover story

L The lead article covers the attack on Pakistan’s personnel and lowering of guard during a pro - domain and an insight is being given on the Mehran Naval Air Base located in Karachi which longed lull period. Another nail in the coffin of Indian Navy’s future plans for it. Then there are A took nobody by surprise except Pakistan. Things piracy was provided by the Maritime Safety Com - articles on Navy’s requirement of amphibious air -

I were simmering red hot after the US action at mittee of the International Maritime Organisation craft and mine countermeasure vessels. The Abbottabad. Media had extensively reported of (IMO). During its 89th session from May 11-20, issue is wrapped up with the usual News Digest.

R the terrorists links within the Pakistan Navy. it promulgated new guidelines for flag states, Happy reading! There were already two attacks on naval person - ship-owners, operators and masters allowing

O nel and thus the successful attack reflected very them the employment of privately contracted poorly on the security arrangements of this very armed security personnel (PCASP). This is a

T important naval installation of Pakistan. The ter - bold decision and a major shift in the earlier rorists managed to hold the base to ransom for stated policy of IMO which discouraged private I 18 hours, killing 10 security personnel and armed security on board shifts. Read all about it destroying two P-3C Orion anti- and in this issue including its practical ramifications. D maritime surveillance aircraft. China’s Navy is growing rapidly and so it is Jayant Baranwa L Publisher & Editor-in-Chief E Those were lessons for India to strengthen prudent to review it periodically. Medium range guarding of strategic installations especially with maritime reconnaissance (MRMR) aircraft is a respect to collection of intelligence, monitoring of key component of surveillance of maritime

PhotograPh: Wikipedia Pakistani operation launched in response to the military command in Afghanistan from the terrorist attack, he said that the Lockheed P-3 Orion 2003 to 2005, said that the US military is response time from naval commandos was lockheed Martin’s P-3 orion is a four-engine turboprop anti-submarine and maritime increasingly concerned that militant sym - three minutes and that they fought back, surveillance aircraft developed as early as 1960s for the US Navy. It is easily recognis - pathisers appear to have infiltrated Pak - but the attackers were highly trained and able by its distinct tail stinger used for the magnetic detection of . During istan’s military and intelligence services. had sophisticated weapons like rocket pro - its long service, it has undergone numerous modernisation packages especially in its pelled grenade launchers. The Navy Chief sensor systems. By 2012, it will have the honour of completing 50 years of service with Indian Perspective said that two attackers blew themselves up, the US Navy which is commendable. The other aircraft is Boeing B-52 Stratofortress Indian Navy’s Western Naval Command is while several others were arrested and were which has served 50 years with the US Air force. P-3 has also been modified for combat located at the heart of Mumbai in Colaba now in Pakistan’s custody. he clarified that air support over land and is being used in Afghanistan by the US Navy. It has also been Naval Base, Naval Dockyard, Mazagon five US-built P-3C orion aircraft were at the employed in Afghanistan by the US for geological survey to locate minerals. Pakistan Dock ltd and other important installations base and three of them are modified, Naval Air Arm holds upgraded P-3C MPA and P-3B airborne early warning (AeW) models located nearby. Multistoried buildings adding that four more P-3C aircraft are cur - (equipped with hawkeye 2000 AeW system). As per the Pakistan Naval Chief, five US- including the infamous Adarsh building rently being modified in the US. The use of built P-3C orion aircraft were at the base and three of them are modified, adding that and dense urban areas surround the main sophisticated weapons is disputed by the four more P-3C aircraft are currently being modified in the USA. Two have been sword arm i.e. the base. media as Ak-47, hand grenades and shoul - destroyed and the estimated cost as per the US Navy is $36 million per aircraft. few high-rise buildings provide excellent pla- der fired rocket launchers are routinely years back, it was in the news in India as there was a likelihood of acquiring them on forms for round-the-clock surveillance and used by the Taliban tribals in Waziristan. lease as an interim measure. India has now contracted for Boeing’s P8-I. clear field of fire to the terrorists simulta - The government and the opposition are neously preventing surveillance and clear also propagating that the attack is a con - Atlantique field of fire to own forces. The dense spiracy by foreign enemies as two ‘India urbanisation also prevents suitable deploy - specific’ P-3C orion aircraft were destroyed. ment areas for troops, machine guns, air Such a theory has no rationale and has not defence guns and missiles. There is also been accepted by the Western governments the risk of heat seeking missiles landing in or the local media. the kitchen of a high rise building. eastern The preliminary report of the terrorists Naval Command at also attack was presented to President Asif Ali has similar problems with the added prob - Zardari and Prime Minister Yusuf raza lems of oil refinery and other industrial gilani in which it was stated that insiders complexes located in proximity. Then might be involved in the terrorist attack there is the problem of sharing airports and must have helped them to reach the and seaports with civilians. Take the exam - area where the Navy’s planes and helicop - ple of goa Airport which the Navy shares ters were parked. Soon after receiving the with the Airport Authority of India (AAI) information of the attack, Interior Minister and hosts routine civil flights along with rehman Malik sent rangers, police international chartered flights. equipped with tear gas and two armoured An Atlantique plane belonging to the Italian Navy. The The risk factor and the degree of secu - personnel carrier (APC) to the naval base. downed Pakistan Navy plane was of the same type. rity required increases manifold. The It was decided that Navy Commandos prime requirement is long-term and short- would lead the ‘operation clean up’ while term intelligence which is required for all the rangers and police commandos would It is interesting to note that Pakistan Navy’s Naval Air Arm frontline Breguet Atlantique routes of ingress including land, sea and assist them. The terrorists had attacked patrol plane, carrying 16 people on board, took off from Mehran and was shot down air. This involves intelligence from multi - the APC and burst its tires, thus three by the Indian Air force for violating airspace. The incident took place in the rann of ple agencies which is synthesised and more APC were called in. At that time, 17 kutch on August 10, 1999, just a month after the and created prolonged made into a common operational picture. foreigners were present who were evacu - tension between the neighbours. The other important requirement is to ated on priority. There were many adverse have a suitable rapid reaction force which comments from the Pakistani media, Special Service Group can react in a very short time frame to a retired officers and ordinary citizens. The The Special Service group (SSg) is a special operations military unit of Pakistan Army rapidly developing threat. In the case of fact is that the naval bases in karachi are whose primary missions are unconventional warfare, foreign internal defence, special Mehran, Pakistan Navy claims that the base located in densely populated urban areas reconnaissance, direct action, hostage rescue, and counter-terrorism. The SSg is an was defended by Zarrar Battalion of the and the level of security seems to be less. independent Commando Division of Pakistan Army. It is an elite special operations Special Service group and Naval Comman - The feeling is that the Pakistan Army and force similar to the United States Army Special forces (green Berets) and the British dos with a reaction time of three mi-utes, Air force have improved their security but Army’s SAS. The SSg regularly conducts its exercises with the US Special forces, PlA but it took 18 hours to clear the base at the the navy has yet to polish up their act. Special operations forces, and Special Air Service of United kingdom. cost of 10 security personnel. only four Then there is the possibility of terrorists terrorists were killed and many got away penetrating the navy which is considered but the figure is not known. Probably due an old story and people do not want to talk off the coast of karachi also coordinate to providence, six US and eleven Chinese about it. The Pakistan Navy plays a quiet High rise buildings provide with the navy here which may have invited personnel got away safely. Thus the lesson role in fighting terrorism. the ire of the terrorists. As per one report, learnt is that the reaction force has to be however, it has operated in the mar - excellent platforms for round Al Qaeda is aware about the naval cooper - highly trained and well equipped to itime security patrol area (MSPA) as part of ation with the US and has even motivated counter such a threat. The other lesson is

t the Combined Task force 150 (CTf-150), a the clock surveillance and its supporters in the region to develop sea to ensure that indiscriminate and illegal e n

. multinational, coalition naval task force capabilities. Pakistan has approximately urbanisation does not take place around s clear field of fire to the terror - e which aims at deterring destabilising activ - 100 nuclear weapons and thus its ability to defence establishments. An example is of c r ities including piracy within this maritime defend sensitive installations, including its the dense and illegal urbanisation around o f ists, simultaneously prevent - l

a geographical area. It has the US, Uk, some nuclear weapons, is being questioned by the Air force Station in gurgaon. Simulta - v a other eU nations and South korea as its ing surveillance and clear the US, europe and the media. Talat neously, there is a requirement to take pro - n s members. Currently, the focus of this force Masood, a retired Pakistani general, called phylactic measures to prevent a terrorist p s

. is the Somalian pirates and could be the field of fire to own forces the siege “a very strong indictment of Pak - attack. It is certain that the Indian Navy is w reason for being the target of the terror - istan and its security forces and their abil - taking all these measures to prevent a w

w ists. The US warships and ity to defend themselves”. Barno, who led Mehran like incident.

2 3/2011 MINe coUNter-MeAsUres  NextGen Vessels to Fight Mine Warfare India is all set to place an order with a South korean shipyard for building eight minesweepers for Indian Navy to overhaul its existing fleet of such specialised warships. The MoD has selected Pusan South korea based kangnam Corporation as the lowest bidder that is technically qualified to execute the order.

PhotograPh: US Navy n REAR ADMIRAL (RETD) SUSHIL RAMSAY warfare is the destruction or neutralisation Remote-controlled mine neutralisation vehicle of the of minefields laid clandestinely by the hos - NAVAl MINefIelD IS a signifi - mine counter-measures ship USS Defender (MCM 2) tile forces. Both the concepts of offensive cant physical and psychologi - and defensive mine warfare are effectively cal threat that can cause utilised as part of naval strategy in any con - attrition to enemy ships, both flict situation. hence, the offensive mine mercantile and men of war, warfare capability provides tactical advan - Aand submarines or limit ship movements by tage and places the mine countermeasure forcing delays and diversions because of forces into defensive mode riddled with tac - perceptions and fears, both real and exag - tical uncertainties. gerated. Any suspected minefield must be treated as a serious danger, thereby forcing Applications of Mine Warfare the ship’s Captain to make decisions with following are some of the classic applica - incomplete information of the true threat, tions of mine warfare which can be opti - little information on the relative merit of mally utilised in extension of own maritime the available choices, and dire conse - strategy. quences if a wrong choice is made. The sea Asset protection : The minefields are mine is a classic low-cost force multiplier used to create a low-cost conventional which can be used by any country that coastal defences to provide effective pro - aspires to extend its reach and influence to tection to vital installations, ports and har - areas and at times where it cannot deploy a bours to prevent ingress to hostile forces, requisite force. at the same time provide safe lanes for break-out of own forces. Concepts of Mine Warfare Interdiction : The minefields are Mine warfare is a discipline of undersea employed for obstruction of shipping routes warfare that utilises the sea mine as a and transit lanes to prevent hostile surface weapon to further its maritime aims. It has and submarine forces to mount attacks from application in both war as well as less than the sea, to inhibit the free flow of com - war situations. A point that merits mention merce. In this case, the minefields are laid is that the destruction of ships, whether off the enemy ports, harbours, off-shore civilian or military, is not the primary pur - installations. pose of a minefield. Mines are intended to Attrition : In a major conflict, attrition prevent the use of or passage through an mining can play a crucial part of the naval area of sea. Mine countermeasures are balance of power—the consequences of intended to permit the exploitation of an destroying even a single SSBN or aircraft car - area of sea or allow safe passage through rier would be incalculable. Usually attrition such an area. is achieved by selecting a suitable choke While offensive mine warfare can be point through which the asset in question defined as the laying of minefields and the must pass and then mining it into oblivion. maintenance of the same, defensive mine Force multiplication : further use of minefields is to accentuate the effectiveness of other weapons and to provide a suitable environment for their use rather than as a primary weapon. This may be achieved by using minefields to channel enemy shipping into selected killing grounds or to restrict their manoeuvrability and thus enhance their vulnerability. other potential uses of force multiplier minefields include decoying submarines into attacks on “high value tar - gets” or herding surface ships into positions suitable for submarine ambushes.

Mine Countermeasures Vessel Programme recognising the potent threats emanating from launching of hostile mine warfare since the very inception, mine countermea - sure force has remained an integral part of the force development plans of the Indian Navy. Initially, it was the wooden hull ves - sels of Uk origin which comprised the force and was deployed on the western seaboard. limited capability, technology obsolescence and vintage of the minesweeping squadron, soon emerged as a major handicap. Despite the limitations, the minesweeping squadron rendered yeoman service during the 1971 operations and was deployed for prolonged duration towards the end of the hostilities. While the main action was confined to the western seaboard, absence of a viable mine countermeasure force on the eastern seaboard was sourly felt. late 1970s witnessed the induction of

3/2011 3  MINe coUNter-MeAsUres

PhotograPhS: US Navy

Mine countermeasures ships USS Defender Both the concepts of offen - (MCM 2) and USS Guardian (MCM 5) sive and defensive mine war - fare are effectively utilised as part of naval strategy in any conflict situation

2004. The rfT was floated to Intermarine of Italy, kangnam Corporation of South korea and IZAr of Spain, all current builders of MCMVs. The request for propos - als (rfP) for the mine-hunting and neutral - isation equipment was to follow in August 2004. The rfP was sent to Thales of france, Atlas elektronik of germany, fABA of Spain and eCA of france. In late 2008, the Indian Navy floated bids worth more than $1.4 billion ( `6,300 crore) to acquire eight MCMVs. france’s DCN International, fincanteri of Italy, Izhar of Spain, kangnam of South korea and Northrop grumman of the US were invited by the MoD to participate. The NSQrs specified that the MCMVs will hunt for mines with a high-definition sonar and then destroy them using explosives by remote-controlled mine-disposal systems. A lifespan of 30 years has been specified for these MCMVs. The vessels would be 50 to 60 metres long with a beam of 11 metres, with a maximum speed of at least 16 knots and an endurance of at least 10 days at sea. The rfP also required transfer of technology by shortlisted shipyard to facilitate indigenous construction of six MCMVs at the state-owned goa Shipyard. The MCMVs will be made of reinforced plastic with help from several Indian elec - tronic companies that also will provide a variety of radar to locate, classify, sweep, hunt and neutralise all types of marooned and drifting mines. The MCMVs will also be deployed with local naval defence and search-and-rescue missions. The MCMVs will be fitted with one lightweight, 30mm anti-surface air gun, two 12.7mm heavy machine guns and two kavach chaff launchers developed by the state-owned gun Carriage factory at Jabalpur.

MCMVs from South Korea It is now reported that India is all set to place an order with a South korean ship - yard for building eight minesweepers for Indian Navy to overhaul its existing fleet of such specialised warships. Accordingly, the MoD has selected Pusan South korea based kangnam Corporation as the lowest bidder that is technically qualified to execute the A mineman seaman works order. The MoD has reportedly initiated at the radar station in the cost negotiations with kangnam Corpora - command information centre tion and the process is expected to be com - pleted in a month or two, after which the Soviet origin minesweepers and the vessels tion of new generation of MCMVs. The at least eight MCMVs in order to replace the order will be finally placed. were evenly deployed at both Western and Naval Staff Qualitative requirements existing 12 Pondicherry class ocean mine- Though the final price is yet to be eastern Naval Commands. These ships were (NSQr) for MCMVs entailed search for sweepers which entered service in the late fixed, it is likely to be in the region of of recent vintage and of non-magnetic steel mines using high-resolution sonar and neu - 1970s and early 1980s. The Indian Navy had `3,000 crore ($670 million) for each of the hull structure. over the years, the tralise them with explosives by remote-con - planned on the delivery of the first ship to eight ships. As per the tenders, kangnam minesweeping flotilla grew in strength to an trolled mine disposal systems. The ships be inducted by 2008 to coincide with the will build the first two MCMVs, following ultimate inventory of 12 ships towards the will be made of lightweight reinforced com - planned decommissioning of the first which gSl will undertake construction of end of 1980s. Induction of these ocean- posite materials to lower their acoustic and Pondicherry class . The Pondi- the balance six minesweepers under going minesweepers transformed the oper - magnetic signatures and to better resist cherry class ships were acquired in two licensed technology transfer. kangnam is ational profile of the entire flotilla which underwater explosions. batches, the first between 1978 and 1980, expected to deliver the first two MCMVs by became an important element of local The plan envisioned the procurement of and the second between 1986 and 1988. 2016 and gSl will complete construction Naval Defence (lND) forces. however, the The $1 billion ( `4,500 crore) project of balance vessels by 2018. break-up of former Soviet Union dealt a entails the construction of glass reinforced These MCMVs will be capable of playing severe blow to the maintenance and prod - MCMVs will be capable of plastic ships at defence public sector unit, the roles of both minesweepers and mine- uct support to the Pondicherry class of goa Shipyard limited (gSl). The programme hunters and hence will lie somewhere

t ships. Special equipment and machinery of entails participation of indigenous compa - between the two in terms of its capabilities. e playing the roles of both n

. non-magnetic alloy and steel became nies such as the Bharat electronics to provide The contract, which was originally sched - s e severely scarce to come by with adverse minesweepers and mine the fire control radar and 30mm gun with uled for signing this month, got delayed as c r implications on operational capability of assistance from oTo Melara of Italy. gSl the kangnam’s competitors went to the o f l

a these ships. hunters and hence will lie would procure the sensitive equipment and Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) v a With this backdrop, the Indian Navy material package from foreign vendors for against its selection. But after the MoD and n s drew up a plan for modernisation of mine somewhere between the two installation on board these ships. the Indian Navy explained the rationality of p s

. countermeasures vessels (MCMV). In early As per original schedule, the request for kangnam’s selection as the lowest bidder to w May 2004, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in terms of its capabilities tender (rfT) for construction and technol - the CVC, the matter was settled and cost w

w approved the Indian Navy’s plan for induc - ogy assistance was scheduled for June negotiations are now progressing well.

4 3/2011 AMPhIbIoUs AIrcrAFt  Specialised for Both Land & Water The Indian Navy has issued a rfI for amphibious aircraft. India has a vast coastline and also the island territories of Andaman and Nicobar and lakshadweep. There is the threat of terrorism, piracy and smuggling. Amphibious aircraft will be very useful for carrying out reconnaissance, surveillance and search and rescue.

PhotograPh: Beriev aircraft Company development, amphibious helicopters have Be-200ES amphibian been in the forefront of air-sea rescue. They aircraft (RF-21512) can fly in more adverse weather as com - pared to a fixed-wing aircraft and have the advantage of taking the patients directly to the hospitals. As compared to a normal hel - icopter, an amphibious helicopter does not have to hover over the water and carry out rescue operations through a hoist. The Sikorsky S-62 Seaguard was the first amphibious helicopter made with a fly - ing boat hull, the prototype of which flew in 1958. Sikorsky flew their S-61 Sea king prototype in 1959 for the US Navy in anti- submarine warfare role. Both the S-62 and S-61 were ready for delivery in 1961. robust boat-hulled design benefitted the design and development of amphibious hel - icopters immensely during the 1960s. how - ever, due to high development costs, they were gradually replaced by normal helicop - ters a decade later. The last amphibious hel - icopter Sikorsky hh-3f Pelican used by the US Coast guard retired in 1994. helicopters can also be designed to withstand limited contact with water. The 1958 Vertol hUP-2 was an amphibious development of the Piasecki h-25 and could taxi forward or backward on water. The Ch- 46 Sea knight and its Canadian variant, the n LT GENERAL (RETD) NARESH CHAND The grumman Corporation of the US less fuel economy as compared to planes Ch-113 labrador, can land on water and introduced a family of light utility amphibi - specialised for land or water only. While rest for up to two hours in calm water. The leNN hAMMoND CUrTISS , US ous aircraft named goose, Widgeon and Mal - floatplanes can have floats that are inter - Boeing Ch-47 Chinook was made suffi - Aviation pioneer and inventor lard during the 1930s and the 1940s. These changeable with wheeled landing gear but ciently watertight to allow it to land on known as the father of the fly - were meant for civilian use but had immense vice versa is rare. however, grumman J2f water for a short time in carrying out covert ing boat, developed the first military potential. Thus they found employ - Duck is an exception. Some amphibian operations and special military missions. amphibian. In 1910, Curtiss ment in World War II for air-sea rescue, anti- floatplanes, such as the amphibian version dgesigned an aircraft which took off from a submarine patrol, reconnaissance and a host of the Cessna Caravan, have retractable Retractable Amphibious Pontoon temporary platform mounted on the for - of other tasks. In the Uk, Supermarine Air - wheels within their floats. But the majority Technology (RAPT) ward deck of the cruiser USS Birmingham craft produced the Walrus and the Sea otter of amphibian aircraft are of the flying boat An Australian company, Tigerfish Aviation, and flew to the shore successfully. This was single-engined biplane amphibians which type. Amphibious aircraft also have a pos - has been developing a retractable pontoon the start of a relationship between Curtiss were used for observation and air-sea rescue sibility of the floats hitting the runway system for the float plane industry. rapt and the US Navy that went on for decades. duties. The US Navy utilised a fleet of sea - while landing with wheels. Possible solu - concept aims at reducing aerodynamic drag Curtiss established a winter camp at San planes for reconnaissance, rescue and had tion could be to have wing-mounted by folding the floats into a streamlined pan - Diego to teach flying to army and naval per - many fitted with machine guns and bombs. retractable floats, which can also act as nier under the fuselage of the aircraft. The sonnel. The original site of this winter camp After World War II, the US ordered hundreds extra fuel tanks and can be removed for reduction in drag improves performance of is now part of Naval Air Station North Island of the hU-16 Albatross and its variants for land and snow operations. Amphibious air - the aircraft and reduces its operating cost, and is referred to by the navy as “the birth - use by the US Navy, US Air force and Coast craft are heavier and slower, more complex such as fuel consumption. It can be retro - place of naval aviation.” At this place, Cur - guard for open ocean rescue. The largest fly - and expensive to buy and operate than fitted and is potentially capable of being tiss developed a float (pontoon) design that ing boat of the war was the Blohm & Voss BV landplanes but are also more versatile in used with any existing aircraft. The technol - would enable the aircraft to take off and 238, which was also the heaviest plane to fly certain conditions. They are ideal for long- ogy has been applied on a one-sixth scale land on water. on January 26, 1911, Curtis during World War II and the largest aircraft range air-sea rescue tasks and as a light Cessna Caravan for concept-proving. flew the first seaplane from the water in the built and flown by any of the Axis Powers. transport in remote areas where they can US and subsequently he sold the US Navy however, classic flying boats have largely operate from suitable water bodies, includ - Indian Perspective their first aircraft, the A-1 Triad. A-1 was pri - been replaced by seaplanes with floats and ing lakes and rivers. India has a vast coastline and also the marily a seaplane equipped with retractable amphibian aircraft with wheels. Dornier had island territories of Andaman and Nicobar, wheels, also making it the first amphibian. announced plans during 2010 to build CD2 Amphibious Helicopter and lakshadweep. There is the threat of The A-1 was found very useful and was pur - SeaStar composite flying boats in Canada. Amphibious helicopters are capable of terrorism, piracy and smuggling. Amphibi - chased by the navies of the US, russia, The Iranian Military had announced the for - operating from either land or water and can ous aircraft will be very useful for carrying Japan, germany and Britain. In 1912, Curtiss mation of a squadron of Bavar 2 flying boats, be used for many roles including air-sea out reconnaissance, surveillance and produced the two-seat “flying fish”, a larger equipped with machine guns in September rescue, marine salvage and oceanography. search and rescue. The aircraft could also craft that was classified as a flying boat 2010. These aircraft were also very useful for An amphibious helicopter can be designed be used as an inter-island transport to because the hull sat in the water. This design reaching out to remote areas and communi - around a waterproof or water-resistant hull carry personnel and cargo from one island was more suited for a long-distance craft ties in Alaska and northern Canada and thus like a flying boat or it can have utility floats to another. The aircraft should have a that could operate from water, and would be also remained in civilian employment. Very similar to a floatplane. In 1941, Igor Siko - short take-off capability with a range of at more stable in bad weather. During World few amphibious aircraft are currently manu - rsky made the first practical amphibious least 800 nautical miles. The requirement War1 (WW1), Curtiss designed the JN-4 factured by a handful of manufacturers. helicopter by fitting utility floats to the is at present for nine aircraft which can “Jenny” for the Army which became one of Vought-Sikorsky VS-300. During the 1940s operate from land or water. A global the most popular planes of WW1. N-9 was a Amphibious and Amphibian and 1950s, some helicopters like Bell 47 request for information has been issued in seaplane variant of the JN-4, meant for the Amphibious aircraft can operate from and 48, and the Sikorsky r-4 and r-6, were february 2011. There are very few aircraft navy and used as a trainer. In May 1919, NC- either land or water and can be classified fitted with utility floats for amphibious use. manufacturers in this business and it is 4 floatplane designed by Curtiss became the as flying boats and floatplanes. on the Pontoons can be filled with air or they can understood that Canadian Bombardier and first such aircraft to carry out a transatlantic other hand, Amphibian aircraft have be utilised for storage of fuel or supplies. russian Beriev are expected to receive the flight, but the end of World War 1 put a hold retractable wheels, making them heavier. In 1949, Sikorsky produced the h-5h with request for proposal which is likely to be on any further development. As a result, they have reduced range and both wheels and pontoons. Since their issued shortly.

3/2011 5  N e I h b o U r h o o D China’s Enhanced Ocean Surveillance There is growing concern that as China’s military prowess increases, an improved and more effective ability to monitor all activity in the neighbouring seas might severely curtail the freedom that other nations enjoy of using sea routes for innocent passage

PhotograPh: worldunderwatch.blogspot.com and Paracel islands in the South China Sea—a claim that is contested strongly by the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei and Taiwan. There is growing concern that as China’s military prowess increases, an improved and more effective ability to monitor all activity in the neighbouring seas might severely cur - tail the freedom that other nations enjoy of using sea routes for innocent passage. for those locked in conflict with China over Islands on the South China Sea and east Sea, the development is even more portentous, as it implies a de facto control of the con - tested territories by China. Many nations have been watching the Middle kingdom’s military build-up, particularly its naval reach into the South China Sea with a heightened sense of anxiety.

Maritime Surveillance: A New Expanded Definition Watching China, it is slowly becoming clear that maritime surveillance is no longer just about the ability to detect enemy ships, air - craft, submarines and supersonic anti-ship missiles over a large blue-water expanse. rather, it now has a more expansive man - date that includes surveillance, constabulary, and counter-terrorism. Threats in the mar - itime safety and security domain have n COMMANDER ABHIJIT SINGH and personnel at the CMS, though signifi - Plan, is receiving significant funding. over changed radically from the old challenges cant, is just one of the many proactive meas - the past decade, China has launched two posed by illegal fishing, smuggling and pri - hINA’S USe of MArINe capabil - ures Chinese authorities have taken towards haiyang (ocean) maritime observation satel - vacy, and maritime surveillance must now ity is upending long-standing augmenting maritime surveillance in the lites and has also recently expanded its provide the first line of defence against ter - notions about how maritime seas surrounding China. on April 22, 2011, fleet of Yaogan satellites, which China rorism and similar threats. But principally, power is wielded in peacetime. a large surveillance ship called the China describes as merely engaging in civilian the capability to observe and detect threats The China Marine Surveillance Maritime Surveillance 26, was added to the earth observation missions. These have must be aimed at keeping a sharp eye on the (CCMS), the national ocean monitoring agency, agency’s fleet in a bid to enhance protection however been identified by experts as dual eeZ. In these troubled times, when geo- has recently announced plans to buy 36 of the country’s maritime interests. The role, military reconnaissance satellites and strategic jostling in the oceans for influence inspection ships over the next five years and patrol ship—the second such platform to be are said to carry a mix of optical as well as and space is on the rise, an effective surveil - hire more than 1,000 people in the next few added in the last eight months—has a dis - radar-based sensors. According to Andrew lance capability helps enforce one’s interpre - months, raising the strength of the employ - placement of more than 1,000 tonnes, and erickson, Associate Professor, China Mar - tation of rights within this perceived region ees to more than 10,000. In a statement has joined the North Sea fleet of the China itime Studies Institute at the US Naval War of maritime interest. But more significantly, issued on May 2, 2011, the Director of the Maritime Surveillance force in Qingdao in College, one of these satellites, Yaogan-7, is it provides the flexibility of response and CMS outlined the agency’s perspective plans Shandong Province. Its surveillance capabil - supposed to have optical sensors and Yao - confers an operational advantage. The recent with respect to expansion of capability. ity is pronounced, but significantly the gan 8 appears to be equipped with syn - Chinese acquisitions exemplify this trend. China’s present complement of 300 marine depiction of the ship’s role in official reports thetic aperture radars (SAr) that offers Meanwhile, the Indian Navy, perhaps tak - surveillance ships, he said, are insufficient goes well beyond “preventing violations of wide coverage at sufficient resolution. Yao - ing note of recent developments in the to carry out regular sea patrols and a need China’s maritime interests and protection of gan satellites 9A, 9B, 9C are, reportedly, the Indian ocean, has upgraded its eastern is being felt to strengthen law enforcement the marine environment” to also include most capable satellites as they fly in a for - Naval Command to full force strength, at par in Chinese-related waters to safeguard the “investigation of submarine resources and mation, which suggests that they function with the Western Naval Command. India’s country’s marine rights. he also hinted that sea floor facilities”. as some form of naval ocean surveillance ‘look east’ policy, and the exponential new and advanced equipment might be The State Council, China’s Cabinet, had system (NoSS). increase in trade with the Association of installed in the inspection fleet to improve in 1999, announced plans to increase the These additions to China’s surveillance South east Asian Nations (ASeAN), has made the capacity. CMS’ fleet of 1,000 tonne-plus sea patrol capability assumes significance in the back - the need to improve surveillance capability ships. The CMS 26 is but a small part of a drop of China’s bitter rows with Japan over a clear imperative. So, even as force levels on Towards a Greater Marine Surveillance 1.6-billion yuan ($246 million) plan to a disputed Diaoyu island chain (Senkaku the eastern coast are receiving a big boost Capability increase the force strength by 13 more Islands in Japan) and its insistence that it with the addition of new warships, sub - The CMS, created in 1998, is a paramilitary ships and five patrol helicopters. out of has complete sovereignty over the Spratly marines and aircraft, spy drones too con - maritime law enforcement agency of the these, 10 ships and five helicopters have spicuously feature in the mix. There is news State oceanic Administration of the People’s already been procured and the remaining that apart from deploying its amphibious republic of China. officially, the force is three ships are expected to be put into use India’s ‘Look East’ policy and warship, INS Jalashwa, and the Shivalik class responsible for enforcing law and order by June 2011. CMS-75, a ship reported to be the exponential increase in frigates; P-8I lrMP aircraft will also be based within China’s territorial waters, exclusive the fleet’s fastest with a maximum sailing for operations on the eastern front.

t economic zones (eeZ) and shore, protect range of 5,000 nautical miles, joined the Along with improving sustainability,

e trade with the Association of n

. maritime environment, natural resources, fleet in october 2010 and is now deployed flexibility and reach, the Indian Navy clearly s e navigation aids and other facilities, and to in the South China Sea. South East Asian Nations feels the imperative of possessing a clear c r carry out maritime surveys. More practically, and effective surveillance capability. It is no o f l (ASEAN) has made the need a the CMS is a major force multiplier for the Marine Observation Satellites surprise that there is a renewed urgency v a PlAN that virtually subcontracts the ardu - Meanwhile, China has been ramping up its and purposefulness in responding suitably n s ous surveillance activity to the marine maritime observation capability through to improve surveillance to rising challenges in the Indian ocean. p s

. agency that also doubles as a search and res - ocean satellites. Maritime surveillance, pri -

w capability a clear imperative cue force in an emergency. oritised at the national level under China’s The writer is a Research Fellow at the w

w The addition to equipment, platforms 863 State high-Technology Development National Maritime Foundation.

6 3/2011 MArKetING FeAtUre  Amur-1650, Master of the Seas

N feBrUArY 2011 Commander-in- The Amur-1650 has the highest novelty Chief of the Indian Navy Admiral factor equal to 70 percent. The submarine Nirmal Verma announced that this has a solid hull made of unique high- year India will invite a tender for strength steel alloys, and is equipped with the construction of six non-nuclear the newest variable-speed permanent-mag - Isubmarines. net propeller electric motor surpassing rosoboronexport, the exclusive russ - foreign analogues. A number of latest inno - ian state intermediary company for export vations are applied to ensure a unique and import of the whole range of military degree of stealth for this diesel electric sub - and dual-purpose products, technologies marine. As a result, the Amur-1650 acoustic and services, intends to participate in this signature is several times less that that of contest. the Varshavyanka submarine, considered russia has been India’s key arms sup - until recently the quietest submarine in the plier and a strategic partner for a long time. world. The submarine hull also has a new The total amount of russia’s military sales multi-layered rubber cover providing to India for more than 40 years has exceeded almost complete absorption of own noises 35 billion USD. russia has won 75 percent of generated by submarine mechanisms, and all finalised Indian tenders for the delivery sonar echo signals. of weapons and military equipment. The Amur-1650 can carry out effective The programme for military technical combat missions in all regions of the great cooperation between the two countries in oceans, in both shallow and deep water the period up to 2010 is completed now. Its areas, in hot tropical climates, under biggest goals were the construction of three adverse jamming conditions and with the Project 11356 frigates, delivery to the employment of enemy antisubmarine Indian Air force of the Mi-17V-5 military assets. It is designed to effectively defeat transport helicopters, licence production of submarines, surface ships and coastal tar - the Su-30MkI multi-role aircraft and T-90S gets of any potential enemy. The non- main battle tanks, upgrading of the Il-38 can operate both aircraft. russian enterprises are implement - independently and within a naval group. ing Indian orders for the delivery of the The submarine also can lay mines, conduct Mig-29k/Mig-29kUB shipborne fighters reconnaissance, and render support to and ka-31 radar picket helicopters. coastal operations. The Vikramaditya aircraft carrier (for - The coverage of its new-generation mer Admiral gorshkov heavy aircraft-carry - sonar system with a highly sensitive sound- ing cruiser) is going through repair and locating array is several times greater than upgrading works, and three more Project that of competing submarines. The main 11356 frigates are being built for the Indian antenna is supplemented with an extensible Navy under the new programme for mili - towed long sonar array. In combat situa - tary technical cooperation in the period up tions, the above systems and a low level of to 2020. own noises allow the submarine to perform Considering India as a strategic partner guaranteed preemptive detection and in the field of military technical coopera - attack of enemy targets at a great range, tion, rosoboronexport has been constantly and, if necessary, to evade enemy anti-sub - raising the level of confidence, and is ready marine ships in good time. to transfer the most advanced technologies The submarine boasts the highest degree to help consolidate and develop its national of combat effectiveness thanks to the Club- defence industrial complex. The most vivid S missile system capable of launching mis - examples of this approach are joint devel - siles in salvo through the torpedo tubes, opment programmes for the fifth genera - which is unrivalled in the world. The missile tion fighter aircraft and MTA medium system effectively engages enemy surface military transport aircraft. No other country ships, submarines and coastal targets, even can offer such degree of openness. in heavy electronic countermeasures and The two countries have entered a new counter-fire conditions. owing to the missile phase of market relations characterised by in the second half of 2015. The non-nuclear submarines will be system’s extended (up to 275 km) launch intense competition. The world’s leading Trying to prevent weakening of the built with the application of advanced tech - range the submarine has markedly increased weapons manufacturers show interest in Indian Navy because of this delay and nologies. These technologies are supposed probability of deploying for preemptive the Indian market. The United States, Israel, planned decommissioning of submarines to make the submarines more covert, to attack as well as enhanced combat resist - great Britain and france are willing to having served their time, the Indian govern - help them detect enemy targets at greater ance to enemy retaliatory actions. Besides increase their arms sales to India. At the ment approved implementation of the next ranges, and enable launching torpedoes missiles, the submarine is armed with all- same time India is implementing its phase of the Project 75 programme coded and missiles against land-based and above- purpose torpedoes and mines. If employed weapons upgrading programme trying to Project 75 (I). This is exactly why the tender water targets. one of the tender conditions intensively, the Club-S system can cardinally diversify sources of its military imports. is to be announced. stipulates equipping the submarine with an change the nature of naval operations in This concerns the Indian Navy’s underwater Besides rosoboronexport, other major air-independent propulsion unit. favour of its operator. fleet in particular. for example, the world submarine manufacturers such as rosoboronexport fulfils these require - Modern air ventilation and conditioning Mazagon Docks limited company (MDl) is DCNS (france), howaldtswerke-Deutsche ments and bids with the Amur-1650 systems onboard the submarine are building six french Scorpene-class sub - Werft (germany) and Navantia (Spain) are advanced fourth-generation submarine designed to enable its operations in tropical marines at its shipyard in Mumbai under expected to bid for this big contract. Two designed by the rubin Marine Design regions by maintaining comfortable micro- the 2005 contract within the Project 75 pro - of six non-nuclear submarines are planned Bureau. The lead ship of this project, the climate in habitable and service compart - gramme framework. The first submarine to be supplied by a foreign company which Saint-Petersburg diesel electric submarine, ments in all navigation modes. All systems was planned for commissioning in 2012 will win the tender, or built at one of the has just successfully passed state accept - have high longevity rates providing the sub - while the others were supposed to enter Indian privately-owned shipyards. Another ance tests and is commissioned by the marine service life of at least 25 to 30 years. into service at one-year intervals. however, three shall be built at the state-owned yard russian Navy. Thanks to this fact, potential rosoboronexport is certain that, if it Indian Defence Minister A.k. Antony of the Mazagon Docks ltd in Mumbai, and buyers from Thailand, India, Peru, China wins the tender, the Indian Navy will receive informed deputies of the Upper house of one more at the hindustan Shipyard ltd in and other large sea powers have expressed a powerful and reliable modern submarine the Indian Parliament that the first non- Visakhapatnam with the assistance of a their interest in the Amur-1650 submarine, capable of effectively carrying out combat nuclear submarine would be delivered only foreign contractor. an export version of this project. missions assigned.

3/2011 7  PIrAcy Private Security on the High Seas The employment of privately contracted armed security personnel is now a common practice. This has led to a mushrooming of maritime security companies in the region and has given rise to the potential danger of an unregulated private security business model going out of hand.

PhotograPh: US Navy n COMMANDER SHISHIR UPADHYAYA a new concept, was never widespread, since the high seas were considered desolate and he MArITIMe SAfeTY CoMMIT - therefore inherently secure. however, as Tee (MSC) of the International the Somali pirates operating from regular Maritime organisation (IMo) ocean going mother vessels equipped with during its 89th session from global positioning system (gPS), radio sets May 11-20 has promulgated new and automatic weapons have now demon - Tguidelines for flag states, ship-owners, strated, the high seas are no longer safe operators and masters on the employment but dangerous areas, akin to lonely of privately contracted armed security per - stretches of the highways on land where sonnel (PCASP). This is a bold and timely armed robbers prowl. decision and a major shift in the earlier The warships on anti-piracy patrols are stated policy of IMo which discouraged pri - limited by numbers and legal constraints, vate armed security. The new IMo guide - and therefore are unable to guarantee secu - lines seek to regulate private security and rity in the entire region under threat. frus - call for suitable mechanisms to be drafted trated at the inability of the navies in by the flag states and shipping companies deterring pirates and the rising violence to prevent mishaps. The guidelines also against crew members, shipping compa - include sections on risk assessment, selec - nies gradually resorted to hiring PCASP tion criteria, insurance cover, command and against the IMo and International Maritime control, management and use of weapons Crew of the merchant vessel MV Bureau policies which discouraged armed and ammunition at all times and rules for Faina stand on the deck after a US guards. Several countries including the US the use of force as agreed between the ship Navy request to check on their had even issued official guidelines for their health and welfare owner, security provider and the master. merchantmen to employ PCASP. Statisti - The new guidelines come with a caveat stat - cally, it has been seen that the employment ing that employment of PCASP should not extract maximum ransom, resulting in the reaching a record number of about 27 to 30 of PCASP has resulted in several pirate be considered as an alternative to the best death of a few personnel. This year, seven combatants; in 2010, there were 219 inci - attacks being successfully thwarted. one management practices or other protective people have been killed (as on April 28) by dents of piracy. Moreover, with every pass - notable incident is that of the Maersk security measures and that PCASP should the Somali pirates including two aged ing year, the range of pirate attacks Albama. This was the first US ship to be be employed only after a thorough risk American couples from the SV Quest. In an increased westwards extending from the hijacked off Somalia since the 19th cen - assessment. unprecedented development in April, seven east coast of Somali to reach close to the tury. The ship was released after a success - Since 2005, when Somali pirates had Indian crew members of the Asphalt Ven - west coast of India by 2010. ful special operation by US Navy marines, first started making global headlines, the ture were held back even after the shipping one important factor responsible for which resulted in the killing of two Somali IMo had strictly discouraged employment company paid the ransom. The remaining the low success rate of naval patrols has pirates. The Maersk Albama, singled out of PCASP onboard ships. It was viewed that crew were released with the ship. This been the lack of suitable legal mechanisms for reprisal by the Somali pirates, was sub - PCASP could lead to increased violence at action was in retaliation to the Indian to prosecute the apprehended pirates. sequently targeted twice and both the sea. Until 2009, it appeared that the Somali Navy’s arrest of over 100 Somali pirates. According to the Jack lang report submit - times, the PCASP onboard the ship, suc - piracy model was based on a peaceful The increased audacity of the Somali ted to the UNo, on an average, nine out of cessfully repulsed the attacks. extraction of ransom and the Somali pirates pirates, leading to a spurt in the number of every 10 pirates arrested by the navies are The employment of PCASP is now a generally ensured that none of the crew attacks and violence against the crew has released. This has been grossly counterpro - common practice for ships plying in the members were harmed as long as the ship - been precipitated by two key factors. first ductive to naval efforts. The other challenge Middle east route; embarking/disembark - ping company paid the ransom. A piracy is the lack of propensity of the shipping faced by the navies has been the sheer size ing PCASP between Aden/Colombo. This incident of September 8 seemed to support industry to invest in self-defence measures. of the area to be kept under surveillance. has led to a mushrooming of maritime this modus operandi. During the hijacking Currently, it is estimated that only one out Currently, the area to be kept under surveil - security companies in the region providing of the Ukrainian freighter faina, off the of 10 ships employs onboard security. This lance spans over four million square miles. employment to many ex-servicemen. how - coast of Somalia, the pirate leader admitted has made the merchant ships ‘sitting ducks’ With about 20-24 ships on task, this is prac - ever, herein lay the potential danger of an via phone to a New York Times reporter in the vast ocean and easy prey even for tically impossible. According to a study by unregulated private security business that the group wanted “just money.” over small lightly armed pirate bands. Perhaps the Uk Maritime Trade office (UkMTo), it model going out of hand. The September the years, Somali piracy has emerged as a this is the fallout of the global financial cri - was estimated that a warship received 2007 case of the US private security com - lucrative business model—low risk and sis of 2008 which resulted in the crash of about 10 minutes warning time to respond pany Blackwater, whose contractors killed high rewards. This has attracted several the Baltic freight Index by almost 90 per to a ship under attack by pirates. This 17 innocent Iraqi civilians in Baghdad while enterprising and adventurous Somalis, cent. freight earning dropped and conse - implies that only a warship with a helicop - escorting a US State Department convoy, including retired former naval Captains and quently most shipping companies were ter within about 20 miles of the ship in dis - stands out as a grim reminder of private Admirals, who received their training in reluctant to invest in onboard security to tress could proceed to provide assistance. security operations going awry. erstwhile USSr, to take up this profession. cut down their operating costs. The period The task of maintaining continuous surveil - It is these concerns of mishaps by pri - The average ransoms demanded has grown between 2008 and 2009 witnessed a sud - lance in the whole region would thus vate security operators that the IMo guide - from $150,000 ( `68 lakh) in 2005 to $5.4 den rise in piracy and there were several require over 300 ships. lines seek to address. The guidelines draw million ( `24 crore) in 2010. Currently, it is instances of ships being hijacked with Private security clearly emerges as a attention to some important issues such as estimated that there are about 50 groups absolutely no efforts by the ship or crew to viable option to ‘fill in the gaps’ due to drafting of rules for use of force by PCASP, and about 2,000 to 3,000 pirates operating deter or evade the pirates. paucity of naval assets. historically, private standard drills for graduated response out of six different locations on the east The second key factor has been the security has been employed successfully against pirates, command and control coast of Somalia. emboldened by their past inability of the navies to ensure security of on land in a variety of roles. The employ - organisation of PCASP onboard ships, etc, successes, the Somali pirates have now the shipping lanes. The shipping industry ment of private security at sea, though not which would need to be worked out in graduated to attacking ships—using cap - was hopeful that the warships deployed on order to make the use of PCASP a success. tured regular, ocean-going vessel—at dis - anti-piracy patrols off Somalia since 2005 While the IMo guidelines are a step in the t tances in excess of a thousand miles from would gradually succeed in curbing and The low success rate of naval right direction, in the present form, they e n

. the east African coast. localising piracy. however, contrary to fall short of formally institutionalising the s e In recent months, piratical attacks have expectations, piracy continued unabated patrols has been because of employment of private armed security c r been accompanied by a marked increase in despite intensive patrolling by warships. onboard ships. Perhaps this may be the o f l the lack of suitable legal a violence. The pirate groups have become Between 2006 and 2009, the number of next logical step by IMo when the MSC v a increasingly daring and frequently attack piratical attacks continued to increase rap - meets in September this year, to discuss the n mechanisms to prosecute the s the ships with rockets, close range firing idly; more than doubling with each passing feedback from various countries. In the p s . with automatic weapons, etc to terrorise year; from 22 in 2006 to 51 in 2007 to 111 apprehended pirates long-term, a strategy that leads to a synergy w masters to stop ship. There are also reports in 2008 and 217 in 2009. Strangely, in 2009, of efforts by the navies and PCASP is the w

w of several crew members being tortured to while the number of warships on patrols key to safety in the high seas.

8 3/2011

 coNFereNce Meeting Current & Emerging Challenges

While assuring that the Indian Navy would continue to work with all navies operating in the gulf of Aden, Defence Minister A.k. Antony speaking at the Naval Commanders’ Conference ruled out India becoming a member of any multilateral groupings unless under a UN mandate PhotograPh: Indian Navy

n REAR ADMIRAL (RETD) SUSHIL RAMSAY be sustained. tional benchmarks of costs and quality. forward naval bases at Tuticorin, kamorta, The criticality of maritime domain The CNS stated that almost all naval ships Diglipur, Campbell Bay and Paradeep. he NAVAl CoMMANDerS CoN - awareness (MDA) to all aspects of maritime planned to be inducted in the next 15 years referring to the modernisation of the fereNCe 2011 began on May operations was highlighted, and the CNS would be built in India. Navy, Antony said that the government was 24, 2011 with discussions on lauded the vision and contribution of the While inaugurating the Commanders’ fully committed to achieving this goal. he operational matters and future Indian Navy in the national command, con - Conference, Defence Minister A.k. Antony said 34 ships and submarines were in vari - plans of the Indian Navy. This trol, communication and intelligence net - emphasised on the need to take stock of ous stages of construction at different bTiannual forum, under the chairmanship of work (NC3I). The CNS noted with the level of operational preparedness from indigenous shipyards. he also said that a Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Nirmal satisfaction the extent of network-centric time to time in view of the volatile neigh - large number of contracts have been con - Verma is utilised by the top leadership of capabilities employed by all i.e. surface, air bourhood and the challenges of the Indian cluded for acquisition of aircraft, destroy - the Indian Navy to examine the operational and subsurface elements during the last ocean rim (Ior). he reiterated that ‘recent ers, fleet tanker, jet trainers, missiles, readiness, assess the progress made in key major exercise of theatre-level readiness incidents in our neighbourhood’ have UAVs, radars, etc. projects and initiate functional, organisa - operational exercises (TroPeX). he strongly underlined the need to maintain While reviewing the acquisition plans of tional and administrative steps necessary stressed upon the prime importance of a constant vigil. Describing piracy as a the Indian Navy, stress was laid on close to further enhance the Indian Navy’s readi - security of these networks and information continuing cause of major concern, he said monitoring of ongoing projects to ensure ness for current and emerging challenges. systems for seamless and swift operations. the menace needed a concerted effort timely completion and to prevent cost over - In his inaugural address, the Chief of Discussions on the force level accretion and a collective response from the runs. Attention was also drawn towards Naval Staff (CNS) observed, “With the secu - in accordance with the Navy’s Maritime inter=national community. While assuring timely fruition of infrastructure develop - rity situation being fluid, we need to main - Capability Perspective Plan (MCPP) will that the Indian Navy would continue to ment associated with operationalisation of tain the organisational ability to deploy focus on how best to leverage the new pro - work with all navies operating in the gulf new inductions and projects already ships, submarines and aircraft at immedi - cedures (as per the revised DPP 2011) so as of Aden, he ruled out India becoming a approved by the government, and particu - ate notice.” he acknowledged the yeomen to build ships at a faster pace with interna - member of any multilateral groupings larly, operational Turn round bases in efforts put in by all naval personnel as they unless under a UN mandate. Andaman & Nicobar Islands, forward operat - spent longer hours at work and many more Turning to coastal security, Antony said ing base at Tuticorin and Naval Air enclaves. days at sea owing to increasing demands of ‘With the security situation that the government has made consider - Various aspects of the induction and maritime security. he exhorted the fact being fluid, we need to able progress in plugging the gaps but a lot fleet integration of Vikramaditya along t that maintenance of war-fighting abilities more is still needed to be done. he said, with its air element of Mig-29 k fighters e n

. remains the topmost priority despite a various agencies are needed to adopt a were also discussed. The training and s maintain the organisational e large number of peacetime commitments far more collaborative and cooperative infrastructural preparations to operate c r at hand. approach. Strengthening our coastal secu - this and other transformational assets o f ability to deploy ships, l

a Talking about coastal security, the CNS rity was inextricably linked to the security were also reviewed. v a commended achievement of high level of submarines and aircraft’ of island territories. he called for drawing In keeping with the practice of sharing n s effectiveness with increased patrolling and up a long-term strategic plan to enhance inter-service perceptions on matters of p s

. synergised efforts with all stakeholders. —Admiral Nirmal Verma the security of Andaman & Nicobar, lak - security, general V.k. Singh, the Chief of w he further stated that the ongoing thrust shadweep & Minicoy islands. he said that the Army Staff, also addressed the confer - w

w on anti-piracy operations will also need to the government has accorded approval for ence which concluded on May 27, 2011.

10 3/2011 IN the NeWs 

PhotograPhS: general Dynamics GENERAL DyNAMICS BAGS CONTRACT FOR ADVANCED SUBMARINE TECHNOLOGIES general Dynamics electric Boat has been awarded a $33.5 million contract modification by the US Navy to develop advanced submarine technologies for current and future undersea platforms. electric Boat is a wholly-owned sub - sidiary of general Dynamics. electric Boat will perform advanced submarine research and development studies in support of a wide range of technology areas including manufacturability, maintain - ability, survivability, hydrodynamics, acoustics and mate - rials. electric Boat also will conduct research and development work in additional areas including manning,

GENERAL DyNAMICS SETS UP CENTRE OF GENERAL DyNAMICS AWARDED SOFTWARE ExCELLENCE FOR UNDERWATER ISR ENGINEERING CONTRACT By SAAB general Dynamics Canada, a pioneer in the development of general Dynamics Canada has announced it has been underwater acoustic processing systems, has set up an awarded an engineering support contract by Saab AB for Underwater Intelligence, Surveillance and reconnaissance the continued integration of the hydra multi-sensor sonar (UW ISr) Centre of excellence. The centre is designed to system on the Swedish navy’s newest Visby-class accelerate the company’s research and product develop - . general Dynamics Canada is a premier provider ment efforts as naval fleets around the world look to of defence electronic systems and is a leading systems reestablish this critical capability in the face of new threats. integrator of complete command, control, communication, located in halifax, Nova Scotia, the centre will leverage computing, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance the company’s strong collaborative relationship with (C4ISr) solutions. Defence research and Development Canada-—Atlantic, a The hydra multi-sensor sonar system provides both globally-renowned defence research centre with world- anti-submarine warfare and mine counter-measure capa - leading expertise in anti-submarine warfare and mine and bilities to the Visby-class corvettes, both in open ocean as torpedo defence systems. well as in the Baltic, which is considered to be among the The team’s initial focus will be further development of most acoustically challenging waters in the world. The sys - the company’s flagship acoustic products including the tem integrates multiple subsystems into a single, stream - Matador torpedo detection system and the TrailBlazer lined architecture that supports variable depth sonar, mine and obstacle avoidance sonar, a joint development hull-mounted sonar, towed array sonar, remotely operated effort between general Dynamics Canada and Marport. sonar, own noise monitoring, sonobuoy receivers, under - The Matador system is an acoustic processing system opti - water environment monitoring and three-dimensional mised for torpedo detection and designed to be used with underwater terrain modeling. towed array sensors. Integrated within the system are With the hydra system, operators can efficiently man - sonar detection displays that provide operators a single- hull integrity, performance, ship control, logistics, weapons age multiple concurrent functions and transition through view summary of all acoustic data collected, as well as handling and safety. Additionally, the contract supports customisable user-friendly interfaces to collect and tools to allow rapid detection of torpedo signatures, accu - near-term Virginia-class technology insertion, identification process a variety of tactical and environmental situational rate identification of torpedo bearings, and an interface of ohio-class replacement technology options, future sub - awareness intelligence data, enhancing the efficiency and for managing torpedo alerts and alarms. marine concepts and core technologies. flexibility of the platform.

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3/2011 11  ProcUreMeNt Apt for the Indian Navy MRMR Programme

PhotograPhS: Saab n SUCHETA DAS MOHAPATRA

WeDISh DefeNCe MAJor SAAB The Saab 2000 MPA offered to the Indian Navy has responded to the Indian Navy’s request for information under MRMR programme is fitting the Navy’s (rfI) for a maritime patrol aircraft (MPA) to meet the growing chal - requirement of an aircraft with long range, lSenges in the country’s maritime realm. The company claims that the Saab 2000 MPA extended time on station, fast response, long offered to the Indian Navy under the service life and anti-surface warfare capabilities medium-range maritime reconnaissance (MrMr) programme is fitting the Navy’s requirement of an aircraft with long range, extended time on station, fast response, long service life and anti-surface warfare capabilities. And if Saab officials are to be believed, the aircraft on offer not only costs less than the other aircraft in the MrMr race, but also has a guaranteed life time of at least 25 years. “We responded to the Indian Navy’s rfI in December 2010 and we updated it in feb - Specifications ruary 2011,” said Tommy hultin, Business Max endurance: >9.5 hours Development Director, Sales and Marketing, Max range: >2,000 NM Aircraft Service Division, Saab. “The air - time on station (at 200 NM eeZ): 5.5 hours craft is apt for India both in conflict and time to climb 25,000 ft: 20 minutes Max cruise speed: 350 knots (tAs) peacetime situations.” hultin further Patrol speed: 160 knots (IAs) informed that the company is also offering takeoff distance: 1,625 metres its Saab 340 multi-role surveillance (MSA) service ceiling: 31,000 ft aircraft to the Indian Coast guard. “We are Mission assumptions waiting for the rfI to be issued.” IsA standard atmosphere, sea level airfield, nil wind. The Saab 2000 meets all the require - ments of the Indian Navy rfI, claimed Saab Typical mission officials, which include maritime patrol, Position 200 NM to eeZ, patrol at 2,000 ft for 5.5 hours and reposition 200 NM back anti-surface warfare, search and rescue, to base, hold fuel for 45 minutes holding and alternate fuel for 100 NM diversion. electronic intelligence (elINT), electronic support measures (eSM), electronic counter - India to set up a Mro hub and added that sensors. It also has an elINT system provid - measure (eCM), communication intelligence the life-time cost is a larger part of the ing the capability to intercept and collect (CoMINT), etc. The aircraft is capable of car - actual acquisition cost. intelligence information consisting of rying two anti-ship missiles (ASM) and a While the Saab 340 was designed in the detailed information of complex emitters jammer pod. Its electro-optical device is a 1980s, the Saab 2000 was designed in the active signal components, the relationship third generation forward looking infrared 1990s. But the company officials do not and the dynamics between active signal (flIr), CCD TV, laser range finder and find any issues even if their competitors components. The aircraft on offer also has recording facility. “The aircraft is meeting come up with the latest model. “guarantees an eSM system for automatic identification the rfI in every way and in fact can perform and technical competence is much more of rf signal sources and direction finding of additional roles,” said hultin, pointing out important than having the latest model,” rf signal sources with high accuracy. for its anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capabili - said hultin. self-protection, a SPS system is installed ties not required in the rfI. Speaking to SP’s M.A.I. during their including radar warning receivers, missile operating in various configurations with recent visit to India, Saab officials hultin approach warning sensors, laser warning 35 different operators across the world, the and Peter Verebes, Business Development sensors as well as chaff and flare dispensers. Saab 2000 MPA as claimed by Saab is a high Director, Saab AB, said that India’s offset The officials further elaborated that the performer providing tremendous opera - requirements and transfer of technology aircraft is equipped with CoMINT system tional flexibilities for various operation sce - (ToT) is not a problem. “Saab has a long his - that complements the baseline elINT sys - narios. It has a cruise speed of 350 knots; tory of technology transfer,” they informed. tem for enhanced signals intelligence (SIg - can climb to an altitude of 20,000 ft in 10 elaborating on the features of the air - NIT) capabilities. The CoMINT system in the minutes; reach an operating area of 1,000 craft on offer to the Indian Navy, they said aircraft includes both a direction finder nm within three hours. It can operate at a that the Saab 200 MPA is equipped with function and intercept system. maximum range exceeding 2,000 ft, or Saab rBS15 ant-ship missile system and its The Saab 2000 MPA is also equipped longer patrol times at higher altitudes even command and control (C2) system facili - with a C2 system that integrates and up to 31,000 ft. It can operate at a maxi - tates a seamless planning of missile launch - assists in controlling all mission sensors mum range exceeding 2000 nm, with mis - ing zones, trajectories and target seeking and provides the user interface to mission sion endurance exceeding 9.5 hours from activities. The aircraft is also equipped with operators, through four workstations high altitude airfields, taking off with maxi - the state-of-the-art Selex fifth generation installed side by side in the cabin facing mum load and fuel even at very hot temper - active electronically scanned array (AeSA) starboard, and to the pilots through a ded - atures. further flight safety is maintained and rBS-15 anti-ship missile. The AeSA icated tactical display. The workstation throughout all flight conditions, including radar onboard is a modern high perform - also provides access to the mission com - single engine operations, where the aircraft ance system that supports the full range of munication system. can maintain an altitude at 20,000 ft. maritime surveillance and coherent imaging Additionally, no ground refuelling The company is offering the aircraft modes used for both naval and overland arrangement is necessary for the Saab with a guaranteed support for 25 years and operations. The radar provides the aircraft 2000. “A bucket can be used for the refu -

t 35,000 flight hours. “obsolescence can be identification friend and foe (Iff) capability elling purpose and thus there is no require - e n

. managed in the next 25 years. But the air - with customised interrogator functions. It ment for ground stations, support staff, s e craft can go beyond 25 years with mid-life is supported by a Saab r4A AIS transpon - technicians, etc. If required a pilot can eas - c r upgradation,” said hultin and added, “We der receiver/transmitter system for locating ily do the job,” informed hultin. o f l

a have worldwide support network including and identifying any naval activity. The AIS Saab 2000 MPA was on display at Aero v a logistic support assistance and mainte - system provides an encrypted data link. India 2011 in Bengaluru, and according to the n s nance repair overhaul (Mro) hubs.” Though likewise, for close range detection, iden - company had a good number of visitors who p s

. the Indian Navy’s rfI has no mention of the tification and recording of surface objects had words of appreciation for the aircraft. w Mro requirement, Saab officials informed and activities, the SAAB 2000 incorporates “Many Indian Navy officials saw the aircraft w

w that the company is talking to partners in electro-optic (hDTV) and thermal imager at Aero India and liked it,” said hultin.

12 3/2011 FIrst / tecKNoW 

FIRST For related video log on to www.spsnavalforces.net EMALS launches first Greyhound It will reduce operating and maintenance cost

he electromagnetic Aircraft launch System (eMAlS) suc - cessfully completed the first launch of a C-2A greyhound Tbelonging to Air Test and evaluation Squadron Two Zero (VX-20) from the NAVAIr lakehurst, New Jersey, test site June 8. The greyhound was launched 18 times over a wide range of aircraft weights on June 8 and 9 as part of ongoing aircraft compatibility testing. eMAlS, a complete launch system designed for gerald r. ford (CVN 78) and future ford-class air - craft carriers will replace the steam catapult system which has been in use for more than 50 years. eMAlS is the Navy’s launch choice for ford-class aircraft car - riers, replacing steam catapults used on current and prior gener - ations of aircraft carriers. eMAlS lowers overall operating costs and reduces maintenance over current steam catapults, and pro - vides less ‘wear and tear’ on carrier-based aircraft. eMAlS also Surveillance Balloon expands the mission envelope by launching a broader range of NAVAIr’s game changing technology to fight against terror naval aircraft with less stress on the ship and aircraft systems. Implementation of the eMAlS system for the ford-class will t is one of the persistent ground surveillance sys - atre and more in transit. each one is overseen by a meet the Navy’s fixed-wing launch capability, while offering the tem (PgSS) aerostats undergoing pre-deployment Navy reservist who serves as the officer in charge flexibility to support future carrier air wings. Itesting at a Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIr) (oIC) for the civilian contractors who operate and training facility. Developed by NAVAIr’s special sur - maintain them. The programme is yet another veillance programme (SSP), the PgSS deploys in the - example of NAVAIr’s ability to rapidly create new atre with Navy reserve assets and contractor unmanned aviation systems, and its deep reliance personnel to provide force protection for forward on reservists to achieve its missions. operating bases in the US Central Command. The PgSS can carry a payload of up to 150 The PgSS is a 75-ft-long balloon developed by pounds (70 kg) and float—tethered to the ground— NAVAIr engineers that looks like a miniature white above a forward operating base for as long as two version of the goodyear Blimp. It was developed on weeks at an altitude reaching higher than the top of demand by Commanders in Afghanistan for a more the Sears Tower in Chicago. Attached to its belly is a effective surveillance system for their forward oper - camera that can detect approaching vehicles and ating bases. As cameras placed on top of small tow - people from several miles away. The PgSS is

y ers cannot see far enough, and drones were too durable. even if small arms fire were to reach it, a v a N costly for the job and cannot be constantly present, puncture wouldn’t cause it to pop. Instead, the crew S U

:

S NAVAIr was given the task of developing a cheap, on the ground could detect the decrease in pressure h P a fast and effective solution. and compensate for it, allowing the vessel to main - r g o There are now 31 PgSS models employed in the - tain its altitude. t o h P

TEC KNOW For related video log on to www.spsnavalforces.net Deep Diving Triton 36,000 is an innovation in glass manufacturing, fibre optics and touch-screen technology, and capable of reaching the deepest part of the ocean

riton Submarines has developed the Triton 36,000 full ocean depth submersible (“Triton 36,000”). TBased on the chassis design of current Triton mod - els that can dive up to 3,300 feet, the new Triton 36,000 features revolutionary new glass production technology that will allow it to become the deepest diving multi-pas - senger autonomous submersible in the world, and pro - vide passengers a truly immersive experience. According to the company, the Triton 36,000 full ocean depth submersible passenger cockpit will be approximately six feet in diameter and made entirely of borosilicate glass. Developed by San Diego-based ray -

Specifications Length: 14.8 ft Width: 9.8 ft Height: 8.7 ft Weight : 24,250 lbs Glass pressure hull – internal diameter: 5 ft 11 in otek Scientific, a world leader in high-pressure atmosphere—the same as being above water. The sub can Glass pressure hull – external diameter: 6 f. 7 in glass technology fabrication, the cockpit will open descend at 500 feet per minute, meaning it can reach the and close like a clam shell, forming a complete, deepest spot in the ocean in approximately 75 minutes. s Depth: 36,000 ft e n i r transparent sphere. Triton has also announced the “race to inner space”, a Passengers: 3 m b

u The Triton 36,000 will be controlled through a system an invitation to aspiring ocean explorers and entrepre -

S Controls: PlC-based control and monitoring with n o

t of touch screen controls and information displays with neurs around the world to join Triton in the pursuit of i touch-screen interface r t

: commands communicated by fibre optic systems that making the deep ocean accessible to all, discovering new h Life Support: full emergency kit P a r fully jettlsonable personnel Sphere transmit light signals through the glass hull. Temperature life forms critical to science and research, and rekindling g o t controls keep the interior comfortable for shirtsleeves America’s passion for leading the world in exploration

o 96 hours of atmospheric air h

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3/2011 13  NeWs News in Brief

KARWAR NAVAL BASE chant vessel MV full City about 450 nm (830 resents the next-generation class of aircraft trthe public will never know about…and km) West of karwar. The Indian Navy imme - carriers which features an enhanced flight that’s a good thing.” Among the previous diately diverted an Indian Navy aircraft and deck with increased aircraft sortie rates, visible operations of Team Six are the rescue a Coast guard ship. The TU 142 (maritime improved weapons movement, a redesigned of the governor of grenada in the 1983 US reconnaissance) aircraft was on anti-piracy island, a new nuclear power plant, electro - invasion of the Caribbean island to reverse patrol, arrived overhead MV full City in less magnetic catapults and growth margin for a communist coup, and the liberation of the than 30 minutes. The aircraft observed a future technologies and reduced manning. captain of an American ship, the Maersk pirate mother ship next to MV full City and Alabama, from Somali pirates in 2009. Team an empty skiff alongside the ship. The air - WHO ARE THE NAVy SEALS? Six was created in 1980 in the wake of the craft made a number of low passes over the failed US effort to rescue American diplo - ship and strongly warned the pirates on mats held hostage in Iran. radio, to leave the merchant ship immedi - ately, stating that naval warships were clos - US NAVy LAyS KEEL FOR Defence Minister A.k. Antony has commis - ing in the area. The aircraft observed that PCU MINNESOTA sioned a civilian township at Amadalli the warning had the desired effect and the The Navy celebrated the keel laying of pre- marking the completion of all construction skiff was seen fleeing from the ship along commissioning unit Minnesota at hunting - activities associated with Phase-I of the with the pirates and heading for its mother ton Ingalls Industries-Newport News magnificent Naval Base at karwar. Speaking ship nearby. As there were no surface forces Shipbuilding (hII-NNS) in Newport News. In on the occasion, Antony complemented all in the immediate vicinity to board MV full a time-honoured Navy tradition, ship spon - the engineers and the contractors associ - City and sanitise the ship, the Indian Navy sor ellen roughead, wife of Chief of Naval ated with the project, for developing world aircraft maintained overhead MV full City operations Admiral gary roughead, had class infrastructure at Amadalli for the for over three hours assisting the rescue President Barack obama’s meeting with her initials welded onto a steel plate that defence civilians. he pointed out that “the operation by coordinating with the NATo some of the commandos who raided osama will be permanently affixed to Minnesota’s completion of Phase-I activities of the Naval Task force. With independent as well as col - bin laden’s compound in Pakistan and hull. Minnesota is the tenth submarine of Base has brought to life the dream of for - laborative efforts, the Indian Maritime killed the Al Qaeda leader has brought one the Virginia class and the last of the second, mer Prime Minister rajiv gandhi, who had forces have reduced the threat of piracy in of the US’ most secret special operations or Block II, construction contract. The sub - laid the foundation stone for this Naval the Arabian Sea in general and the eastern forces into a rare public spotlight. obama marine, like all Virginia-class boats, is being Base on october 24, 1986.” Admiral Nirmal Arabian Sea in particular. reportedly greeted members of Team Six in built under a unique construction contract Verma, Chief of Naval Staff, private at fort Campbell, a US Army base. between hII-NNS and general Dynamics D.k. Joshi, flag-officer Commanding-in- F-35 FLIGHT TEST AIRCRAFT Team Six is the most elite unit of America’s electric Boat. Virginia class submarines are Chief, Western Naval Command, were COMPLETES FIRST FLIGHT Naval Special Warfare Development group. designed to dominate the world’s littoral among others present. The larger group is more commonly known and deep waters while conducting anti-sub - as the SeAls, an acronym that stands for marine warfare, anti-surface ship warfare, ASSESS SECURITy SITUATION: ANTONy sea, air, and land, and very little is known strike warfare, special operation forces sup - about them. As a SeAl spokesman, Captain port, intelligence, surveillance, and recon - Duncan Smith said, “A lot of those missions, naissance; irregular warfare, and mine a majority of those missions, are ones tha - warfare missions.

The third f-35 lightning II flight test air - craft, a carrier variant designated Cf-3, was launched from Naval Air Station fort Worth Defence Minister A.k. Antony while address - on its way in completing its first test flight. ing the Unified Commanders Conference Cf-3 continues its flight testing in fort asked the top brass of the Indian armed Worth, preparing to fly to NAS Patuxent forces to continuously assess the security river, Maryland, later this year where it will situation in India’s strategic neighbourhood join two other carrier variant aircraft and in the aftermath of the elimination of osama four short takeoff/vertical landing aircraft bin laden and remain prepared for any as part of the US Navy and Marine Corps eventualities. Describing the US operations flight test programme. in Pakistan as ‘a watershed in the global ’, Antony said that the event has FIRST GERALD R. FORD-CLASS CARRIER ‘internationally stamped’ Pakistan’s position GETS SUPERLIFT as the core of terrorist activities in the region. Antony said that the security situa - tion in Pakistan continues to be a cause for concern. he said that despite supporting the war on terror, China continues to remain its main strategic partner. The Defence Minister said that if any real progress is to be made in improving bilateral relations, Pakistan must take concrete action to dismantle ter - rorist infrastructure on its soil. (Left to right) Rear Admiral Bisht; Rear Admiral S.K. Mittal, CSO (Tech), Vice Admiral Sunil Lanba; H.N. PIRATES FLEE DUE TO PROMPT Ramakrishna, Director Marketing, BEL; and Rear Admiral K.R. Nair at the seminar-cum-exhibition INDIAN NAVAL ACTION gerald r. ford (CVN 78), the lead ship in the new class of the US Navy super carriers, BEL’s Naval Seminar took another step towards completion The Bharat electronics ltd (Bel), the Navratna Defence PSU, organised a seminar-cum- when huntington Ingalls Industries erected exhibition, showcasing its wide range of systems and solutions for the Indian Navy, at a 945-tonne superlift near the stern of the the , Naval Dockyard, Visakhapatnam, on June 9, 2011. ship. gerald r. ford is being built using The seminar-cum-exhibition was inaugurated by Vice Admiral Sunil lanba, Chief of modular construction, a process where Staff, hQ eastern Naval Command. rear Admiral k.r. Nair, Admiral Superintendent,

t smaller sections of the ship are welded Dockyard; rear Admiral Bisht, flag officer Commanding eastern fleet; rear Admiral e

n S.k. Mittal, CSo (Tech), hQ eastern Naval Command; and more than 300 Naval and civi -

. together to form large structural units s ian officers, including ship commanders, attended the event. e called superlifts. These superlifts are pre- c r outfitted and then lifted into the construc - The seminar included presentations on the entire gamut of naval solutions designed o f l and developed by Bel including radars, sonars, fire control systems, defence commu -

a tion dry dock with the shipyard’s v nication, C41 systems, electro optics, combat management system and other turnkey a An Indian Navy’s TU 142 aircraft’s persist - 1,050-tonne crane. The superlift is assem - n s ent efforts led to pirates fleeing from a Chi - bled from 18 smaller structural units sup - system solutions. p

s The seminar helped Naval commanding officers and sailors get an insight into Bel’s

. nese merchant vessel MV full City. on May plied by the steel fabrication and assembly w 5, the Indian Navy received an SoS call division. It is one of the 162 total superlifts capabilities in the field of Naval systems. w

w regarding a pirate attack on Chinese mer - that comprise the ship. gerald r. ford rep -

14 3/2011 NeWs 

Publisher and Editor-in-Chief Jayant Baranwal Assistant Group Editor r. Chandrakanth Senior Editorial Adviser r. adm (retd) S.K. ramsay PAKISTAN’S P-3 ORION AIRCRAFT Pakistan’s location on the Indian ocean Senior Technical Group Editor Lt general (retd) Naresh Chand next to the Persian gulf and its rivalry with India ensure that its maritime patrol and Contributing Editors Lt general (retd) V.K. Kapoor strike capabilities will need to operate air Marshal (retd) V.K. Bhatia across a wide expanse of ocean. Maritime patrol aircraft are critical to that effort, Senior Copy Editor & Correspondent Sucheta Das Mohapatra because of the surveillance area that a sin - gle plane can cover. Pakistan has a mix of Contributors India maritime surveillance aircraft which admiral (retd) arun Prakash include converted fokker f27 twin-turbo - r. adm (retd) raja Menon props, a couple of early-model Dassault Cmde C.P. Srivastava Atlantiques and P-3C orion aircraft. The Europe four-engine orions have much better range alan Peaford, Doug richardson, than Pakistan’s other maritime patrol air - andrew Brookes (UK) craft, which widens that country’s sphere of USA & Canada naval influence. In late 2004, Pakistan con - Lon Nordeen (USa) tracted to modernise their existing two anil r. Pustam (West Indies) remaining aircraft to the P-3C Update II.5 level. In addition, Pakistan finalised a con - West Asia/Africa h.r. heitman (S. africa) tract through the foreign military sales pro - gramme for acquiring additional eight US Chairman & Managing Director Navy surplus P-3C aircraft. Jayant Baranwal NAVANTIA’S “JUAN CARLOS I” ARRIVES IN ISTANBUL Administration & Coordination US AID TO PAKISTAN end May, the Spanish Navy’s ship, lhD “Juan Carlos I”, arrived in Istanbul for a stopover Bharti Sharma, Survi Massey The US embassy has indicated that in the during her first resistance voyage started on May 2. The aim of this cruise around the Photo Editor last three years, Pakistan has received more Mediterranean was to check functioning of equipment and systems during long navi - amit Bhardwaj than $4 billion in US civilian and security gation periods as well as to enable internal crew training. Senior Art Director assistance. It has included civilian aid, as During this period various flight operations were carried out, for which three heli - anoop Kamath well as 14 f-16 fighter aircraft, 10 Mi-17 hel - copters and a “harrier AV-8B Plus” were embarked. She also carries a landing force Design icopters, 2 Bell 412eP helicopters, 5 fast made up of 100 Marines, various vehicles and 2 lCM-1e amphibious assault craft, also Vimlesh Kumar Yadav, Sonu Singh Bisht patrol boats, 115 M109 self-propelled how - built by Navantia. Sales & Marketing itzers, more than 450 vehicles for Pak - The lhD “Juan Carlos I” was designed and built by Navantia and delivered to the Director Sales & Marketing : Neetu Dhulia istan’s frontier Corps, hundreds of night Spanish Navy in September 2010. head Vertical Sales : rajeev Chugh vision goggles, day/night scopes, radios, SP’s Website and thousands of protective vests and first- Sr. Web Developer : Shailendra P. ashish aid items for Pakistan’s security forces. unprecedented capabilities for the Navy’s ters. Similarly, the Indonesian Navy has no Web Developer : Ugrashen Vishwakarma Arleigh Burke-class destroyers. The radar ASW helicopters but wants to buy some. Published bimonthly by Jayant Baranwal on RAyTHEON ACHIEVES MAJOR suite will consist of an S-band radar, X-band behalf of SP guide Publications Pvt Ltd. all PRODUCTION MILESTONE radar and radar suite controller. The AMDr ROLLS-ROyCE SIGNS INNOVATIVE rights reserved. No part of this publication raytheon has produced the first group of S- S-band component will provide volume £20 MILLION SUPPORT CONTRACT may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any band transmit/receive (T/r) modules for search, tracking, ballistic missile defense means, photocopying, recording, electronic, the US Navy’s air and missile defense radar discrimination and missile communica - or otherwise without the prior written (AMDr) programme. AMDr will provide tions, while the X-band will perform hori - permission of the publishers. zon search, precision tracking, missile Printed in India >> SHOW CALENDAR communication and terminal illumination by Kala Jyothi Process Pvt Ltd functions. AMDr will be scalable, enabling © SP guide Publications, 2011 7-9 June installation and integration on multiple annual Subscription Undersea Defence Technology 2011 platforms to meet the Navy’s current and exCel london, england, Uk Inland: `600 • overseas: US$180 future mission requirements. E-mail: [email protected] www.udt-europe.com RAyTHEON AWARDED Letters to the Editor [email protected] 20-21 June $84.7 MILLION CONTRACT rolls-royce has signed a long-term contract For advertising Details, Contact: Maritime Domain Awareness raytheon has received an $84.7 million US with BAe Systems to provide in-service sup - [email protected] Crowne Plaza - The City, london, Uk Navy contract for continued production of port for the royal Navy’s Type 45 destroy - [email protected] www.smi-online.co.uk/events/pro - Alr-67(V)3 digital radar warning receivers. ers which are powered by two rolls-royce [email protected] gramme.asp?is=16&ref=3527&day=2 The contract was awarded by the US Naval Wr-21 gas turbines. The contract, worth SP GUIDE PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD Air Systems Command. The Alr-67(V)3 is £20 million ($32.9 million), is part of an POSTAL ADDRESS 20-22 June the US Navy standard for digital radar innovative approach to supporting the Type Corporate Office INDESEC 2011 warning receiver technology. It is made for 45 fleet – known as class output manage - Pragati Maidan, New Delhi a 133 arjun Nagar, opp Defence Colony, installation on all frontline, carrier-based ment. This arrangement will deliver guaran - New Delhi 110 003, India www.indesec-expo.com f/A-18 e/f tactical aircraft and is an teed availability of the Wr-21 engines to tel: +91(11) 24644693, 24644763, 24620130 integral part of modernisation pro - support the ships’ demanding operational Fax: +91 (11) 24647093 27–29 June grammes for the US and international cus - schedules, allowing the MoD to focus solely Regd Office MAST Europe 2011 tomers. The Alr-67(V)3 is the first on meeting its operational requirements. Fax: +91 (11) 23622942 Parc Chanot, Marseille, france deployed radar warning receiver to com - The Wr-21 is a highly efficient marine gas E-mail: [email protected] www.mastconfex.com bine fully channelised digital receiver archi - turbine, fitted with recuperators that representative offices tecture with the power of dual processors. recover energy from the exhaust, which is BANGALORE, INDIA 29-30 June Its innovative architecture enables used to preheat combustion air, which in air Marshal (retd) B.K. Pandey Warship 2011: Naval Submarines & UUVs the successful detection of emitters in turn reduces fuel consumption by approxi - 534, Jal Vayu Vihar, Kammanhalli Main rd, Bath, Uk high-density electromagnetic environments mately one third. Bangalore 560043, India. www.rina.org.uk/warship2011.html and uses leading-edge digital technology tel: +91 (80) 23682534 for improved reliability. Deliveries are PENTAGON CONTRACT MOSCOW, RUSSIA 29 June -3 July expected to begin in January 2013. l-3 Communications Corporation has been LagUK Co., Ltd, Yuri Laskin IMDS-2011 (International Maritime Defence awarded a $104,059,653 indefinite-deliv - Krasnokholmskaya, Nab., 11/15, app. 132, Moscow 115172, russia. Show) CHINA’S GROWING SUBMARINE FLEET ery/indefinite-quantity contract for services St. Petersburg, russia tel: +7 (495) 911 2762, Concerns over China’s growing submarine in support of the P-3, eP-3, and NP-3 sustain - Fax: +7 (495) 912 1260 www.navalshow.ru fleet are leading Asian nations to invest in ment modification and installation pro - www.spguidepublications.com anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capability. gramme. This contract includes planned www.spsnavalforces.net 24-25 August The Malaysian Navy uses six Westland maintenance interval, structural replace - DEFTECH 2011: International Seminar & Superlynx helicopters for ASW, but wants ment and fabrication efforts pertaining to rNI Number: DELENg/2008/25836 Exhibition on Defence Technology ASW helicopters with more capability and special structural inspection kits, centre Manekshaw Centre, Swarna Jayanti plans to buy additional more capable heli - wing assemblies, zone five kits, and outer Marg, Delhi Cantt, New Delhi, India copters. South korea also uses Superlynx wing installations and refurbishments. Work www.www.cii.in helicopters for ASW missions, but it is also will be performed in Waco, Texas, and is considering buying more capable helicop - expected to be completed in May 2012.

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