Pacific Heritage Workshop, Koror, Palau, 30 August-1 September 2017

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UNESCO Office for the Pacific States Apia

Sustainable Development Goals

Final Report

Pacific Heritage Workshop

Koror, Palau 30 August – 1 September 2017 Final Report

Pacific Heritage Workshop

Koror, Palau 30 August – 1 September 2017

UNESCO Office for the Pacific States Apia Published in 2018 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Final Report 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and UNESCO Apia Office © UNESCO 2018 Pacific Heritage Workshop

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The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Open Access is not applicable to non-UNESCO copyright photos in this publication.

Cover Photo: Akatsuki Takahashi Editor: Akatsuki Takahashi and Ronald Porcelli Graphic Designer: Yi Shi

APIA/DOC/APA/18/1

Abbreviations

BSP Blue Shield Pasifika CC Climate Change CRO Cultural Resource Officer DRR Disaster Risk Reduction FSM Federated States of Micronesia ICOMOS International Council of Monuments and Sites PAL Palau Association of Libraries PKO Peace Keeping Operations PHH Pacific Heritage Hub PUCHP Pacific Underwater Cultural Heritage Partnership RMI Republic of Marshall Islands RISL Rock Islands Southern Lagoon SC Steering Committee SDGs Sustainable Development Goals UCH Underwater Cultural Heritage UNITWIN University Twinning USP University of the South Pacific Content

Workshop Proceedings 1 Annex 1: List of Participants 11 Annex 2: Programme of the Workshop 15 Annex 3: Final Report of the Steering Committee Meeting of Pacific Heritage Hub 16 Annex 4: Pacific World Heritage Action Plan 2016–2020 42 Annex 5: Presentations 62 Workshop Proceedings

Final report

The three-day Workshop was organized jointly by UNESCO and the Minis- try for Community and Cultural Affairs in Palau. It brought together government officials in charge of heritage protection from eight member states and one territory in the Pacific, the Pacific Heritage Hub (PHH) at the University of the South Pacific (USP), International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Australia, ICOMOS Pasifika, and Blue Shield Pasifika (BSP), the University of Guam as an associate member of UNESCO/University Twinning (UNITWIN) Network for Maritime Archaeology as well as several key stakeholders in Palau. The objectives of the Workshop were to share information on the progress in implementing the Pacific World Heritage Ac- tion Plan 2016-2020, to promote the Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) Convention and the Hague Convention and its Protocols among Pacific island nations, and to enhance capacity for heritage safeguarding with an integrated approach.

1 Day 1

The opening of the Workshop was attended by high officials of Palau, including Ngirake- bou Roman Bedor, High Chief of Ngchesar State, Hon. Faustina K. Rehuher-Marugg, Minister of State, Hon. Baklai Temengil-Chil- ton, Minister for Community and Cultural Affairs, Dr Patrick Tellei, President of Palau Community College.

In her opening remarks, Hon. Temengil-Chil- ton, Minister for Community and Cultural © Palau MCCA Affairs, extended her warm welcome to the Ms Sunny Ngirmang, Director of Palau Bu- delegates and experts attending the Work- reau of Cultural and Historical Preservation, shop. She recognized the critical importance facilitated the Workshop. of UNESCO’s normative instruments related to heritage protection and their contribution Session 1: UNESCO Presentation to the achievement of Sustainable Develop- ment Goals (SDGs). She encouraged the del- Ms Akatsuki Takahashi, Programme Special- egates from “the Large Ocean States” (with ist for Culture at the UNESCO Office for the their territorial waters and Exclusive Eco- Pacific States made a presentation, outlining nomic Zone (EEZ) that is almost 100 times the objectives and programme of the Work- larger than their total island area) to actively shop. Congratulating for the steady progress engage in the Workshop discussions, sharing in the Pacific in particular the recent inscrip- experiences and learning from each other. tion of Taputapuatea in French Polynesia on the World Heritage List, she emphasized the Ms NISHA, Director of UNESCO Office for importance of trans-boundary cooperation in the Pacific States, expressed her gratitude to the region. She underlined the importance that the Palauan authorities for hosting this event women and men equally enjoyed the right as an equal partner of UNESCO. She point- to access, participate and contribute to cul- ed out that the Workshop was an opportunity tural life and benefited from heritage-related to reflect upon heritage in relation to a vari- activities. The participation of youth was also ety of social, human, scientific, technolog- highlighted in connection with youth empow- ical and economic issues, as well as moral erment and employment. Responding to this or ethical considerations in the light of the presentation, Hon. Marugg pointed out the complex globalized context of development. importance of inclusiveness of the regional 2 actions related to Pacific heritage connecting Pacific island nations and territories. 3 Session 2: Country Reports to heritage preservation for sustainable development in the region. The delegates were The delegates from Australia, Cook Islands, pleased to learn about the good progress made Fiji, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), in the implementation of the Action Plan at Solomon Islands, Tonga and Guam presented the national level, while acknowledging the a country report. Each presentation contained ongoing efforts in relation to new nomina- updated information on the heritage safe- tions and the endangered sites in the region. guarding measures at country level includ- A variety of issues was discussed, including; ing cultural policy and legislation, progress well-being indicators being developed in the related to the World Heritage sites and those Melanesian region, buffer zone determina- on the Tentative List, and the ratification of tion in the context of Pacific island states, UNESCO Conventions, as well as national property rights in relationship to heritage budget allocated for heritage preservation. management, costs and benefits of tourism in This financial information was requested in relation to heritage protection, mutual rein- © Palau MCCA the light of Sustainable Development Goal forcement between traditional customary law (SDG) 11 Indicator (11.4.1). and the formal state law, sustainable funding mechanisms for heritage management, cultural policy and legislation for securing stable financial resources, government commitment to heritage protection based on the ratification of UNESCO Conventions, trans-boundary nomination development connecting Pacific island nations and territories, the place of cultural authorities within the framework of national government structure, diverse UCH and its relevance and benefit to the Pacific © UNESCO/A.Takahashi community. Following that, two special presentations were made by the Palau Association of Li- braries (PAL) and the University of Guam.

The country presentations and discussions reflected the fact that the Pacific countries were developing in an increasingly complex, interdependent and dynamic regional and global environment. The lively inter- actions among the delegates following the presentations showed the need to learn and understand the cultural and socio-economic context in order to address issues related Day 2

Session 3: Status Report tation, which informed of the recent appoint- ment of twenty-two Cultural Resource Officer The second day of the Workshop began with (CRO) in local government administration as an official message of Mr Atachi, Governor a focal point for culture. RMI also expressed of the Koror State that was delivered by Ms its keen interest in the preservation of UCH Jennifer S. Olegeriil, Chief of the Depart- in Bikini Atoll, the World Heritage site in ment of Conservation and Law Enforcement RMI. The delegate shared his view on the of the Koror State. This was followed by the importance of youth in heritage preservation presentation of a status report on the Rock and their participation in the revitalization of Islands Southern Lagoon (RISL), the site traditional navigation systems and the sustain- inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2012. able sea transport project. The thorough presentation of the implementation of RISL management plan and out- The guidelines for country presentation for comes inspired the delegates. In her response this Workshop requested a specific infor- to the presentation, Hon. Rehuher-Marugg mation on government budget per year for acknowledged all the staff and experts that heritage safeguarding. This was requested in were involved in the nomination develop- relation to SDG Indicator 11.4.1 related to to- ment for their hard work at that time and tal expenditure (public and private) per capita their continued work to maintain the integ- spent on the preservation, protection and con- rity of the site. Hon. Temengil-Chilton, also servation of all cultural and natural heritage. commended the Koror State for its excellent The figures and the way they were presented work qualified as a best practice, and con- varied among the countries, depending on firmed the Ministry’s commitment to a focus the priority that government accords on the on the historical and cultural sites within heritage sector as well as the availability of RISL under the management plan. The del- information and statistics across the different egates shared the view of the importance of Ministries and the public/private sectors. The collaboration and coordination among key presentation of Fiji was able to provide an stakeholders including government, special- overview of the total budget not only of the ised agencies, communities and partners for Ministry concerned by also of Levuka mu- the sustainable heritage management. Some nicipality, the Fiji Museum and the National delegates proposed an exchange programme Trust of Fiji. The presentation by the Koror for Pacific island rangers to learn from each State Government that is in charge of the other and from the Palauan Rangers in par- Rock Islands Southern Lagoon (RISL), the ticular. World Heritage site in Palau, provided information on revenues generated through RISL 44 To conclude Session 1, Republic of Mar- permitting process, which increased from shall Islands (RMI) delegate made a presen- USD 7 million in 2012 to USD 13 million in 5 5 2015 as a result of RISL’s inscription on the presented as important living UCH uniquely World Heritage List in 2012. The delegate of belonging to the Pacific peoples. He pointing Guam stated that the total government annual out the risks of the prevailing misunderstand- budget for heritage safeguarding of Guam, a ing of UCH that has a narrow focus on ship- territory of the US, would be approximate- wrecks, marginalizing the indigenous UCH ly USD 15 million if one considered all the in the region. On the other hand, the risks agencies and departments that receive pub- of fuels and mines remaining at some of the lic funds. She also provided information on World War II-related UCH in the region were the existing funding mechanisms such as presented together with information about the the Tourist Attraction Fund (TAF). TAF that ongoing mitigation projects. The Australian receives hotel occupancy taxes has been used National Shipwreck Database (http://envi- to restore historic monuments and sites in ronment.gov.au/heritage/historic-shipwrecks/ Guam. However, generally speaking, the pre- australian-national-shipwreck-database) was sentations revealed the small percentage of provided as a useful tool for a regional coop- national budget of Pacific SIDS allocated to eration in this area. the heritage sector compared to other sectors of the nation’s economy. The delegate of the- In responding to the information presen- Cook Islands which has an independent Min- tations, a variety of issues was discussed, istry dedicated to culture, unlike some other including; Use of a Marine Park system to Pacific islands where the culture portfolio is protect and manage cultural and historical attached to another portfolio such as educa- resources such as UCH within its boundary, tion, tourism, and internal affairs, reiterated Challenge facing Pacific islands related to the importance of convincing politicians and ocean border control to prevent illegal move- leaders to prioritize culture as the important ment of cultural objects, Community oriented sector for sustainable development. approach for UCH management to engage with local community for offshore sites mon- Session 4: UCH Convention itoring, Partnership with diving operators and dive guides to enhance data collection and Session 4 began with an introductory presen- sharing with the cultural authorities in Pacif- tation by the UNESCO Office for the Pacific ic island states, Application of Annex of the States. This was followed by the presenta- UCH Convention as international recognized tion of Dr Bill Jeffery at the University of good practice in states-non-parties in Pacific. Guam, which is also an associate member of UNESCO/UNITWIN Network for Maritime FSM delegate informed the ratification of the Archaeology. His presentation highlighted UCH Convention in the near future, while the wealth of Pacific UCH reflecting the Palau delegate provided information on the strong connection of Pacific community current measures in place to protect UCH as to its ocean, and the specificity of Pacific Palau Lagoon Monuments and the permit sys- UCH that integrates the tangible remains tems administered by the President Office. and intangible knowledge. The numerous fish weirs across the Pacific islands were Session 5: Hague Convention the Hague Convention and the Second Pro- tocol mentioned cultural property protection Session 5 was devoted to the UNESCO in times of peace were noted, including a Convention for the Protection of Cultural citation to the Preamble of the Hague Con- Property in the Event of Armed Conflicts and vention, which states, “such protection cannot its Protocols (or the Hague Convention). The be effective unless both national and interna- Session began with the two presentations by tional measures have been taken to organize the UNESCO Office for the Pacific States; it in time of peace.” Through this explanation one on the introduction to the Hague Conven- and corresponding textual citations, detailed tion and its Protocols and the other the role attention was paid to ensuring that delegates of these instruments in protecting cultural understood that the Hague Convention and its properties in the Pacific. The first UNESCO Protocols deal with the protection of cultural presentation highlighted a renewed attention property in times of peace. Furthermore, Mr to the Hague Convention in the context of Porcelli noted that the wording of the Hague the current international environment as an Convention states the mandate of the Conven- instrument with a broader scope covering tion is to protect cultural property in the event both heritage sites and cultural institutions. of an armed conflict, reflecting the reality that The preventive feature starting at peace time the Hague Convention is not only applicable in the event of conflicts was emphasized in “during” an armed conflict but also in times order to better understand the approach taken of peace as a prerequisite to armed conflict by the Hague Convention. It also provided protection. information on the outcome of the first Pacif- ic Workshop on the Hague Convention held After his presentation, the delegates engaged in Suva in November 2017. The presentation in a debate and discussion, wherein numerous informed the initial response of the delegates questions and topics where further explored. articulating their respective countries would The questioning was raised on how the Hague be more willing to ratify the Hague Conven- Convention could be applicable to the Pacific tion if it covered natural disasters, not just region if the Pacific has never experienced armed conflicts armed conflict after World War II in 1945. Mr . Porcelli referenced specific armed conflicts The second presentation on the relevance of that have occurred in the Pacific after World the Hague Convention to Pacific SIDS made War II, including the Bougainville Conflict, by Mr Porcelli, Law Fellow at the UNESCO Tribal Warfare in Papua New Guinea, and Office for the Pacific States, covered numer- Civil War in the Solomon Islands, to illustrate ous methods in which the Hague Convention that there has in fact been armed conflict in is application to Pacific SIDS. The protec- the Pacific region. In addition, he mentioned tion of cultural property during peacetime the potential for renewed armed conflict in was explained and several instances wherein the Pacific region, given the threats posed by outside actors waging battles in the Pacific. 66 7 7 Afterwards, the delegates queried why the discussed. Considering this history of foreign Hague Convention should be adopted in intervention and imposition of foreign laws, the Pacific region if it had apparently failed the delegates articulated that the 1954 Hague to successfully protect cultural property in Convention might be regarded by some as a armed conflicts in Iraq and Syria. The Direc- European law, formed in Europe and applica- tor and Mr Porcelli responded that the issue ble to European circumstances, that was not was not a textual fault of the Convention but particularly suited to circumstances in the Pa- of a lack of appropriate implementation at cific and that (like other laws in former times) the domestic level and the fact that not all was being introduced into the Pacific. member states of UNESCO had ratified and implemented the Second Protocol. In addi- This was followed by the presentation by the tion, the delegates voiced their concerns that Blue Shield Pasifika (BSP), focusing on the other UNESCO cultural conventions, such recent activities in its establishing phase, and as the 1972 World Heritage Convention and future perspective as a regional organization the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of BS, equivalent for culture which the Red of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, were Cross is for humanitarian actions, with the seen as priorities over the Hague Conven- aims to developing Disaster Risk Reduction tion. The delegates also mentioned that the strategy for addressing risks for cultural term “armed conflict” in the Convention was heritage and institutions (museums, libraries a sensitive term that they disfavored. One and archives) associated with both natural and delegate noted that if the term armed conflict human-induced disasters was not in the title of the Convention, that it would have already been successfully ratified Lively discussions and evolving views and adopted in their domestic system. Last- marked Session 5, including; clarification of ly, the delegates conveyed that if the Hague legal actions among signature, ratification, Convention formally covered natural disas- acceptance, accession, holistic perception of ters, then it would be much better received in heritage shared by Pacific peoples, no major the region. conflicts initiated by Pacific peoples them- selves, more urgent need for preparedness for In subsequent discussions, some delegates natural disasters (including climate change again made reference to the 1954 Hague impact) rather than human-induced disasters, Convention and communicated their con- effectiveness of international judicial systems cerns that the Pacific region had been host addressing the issues related to Pacific region, to numerous, foreign colonizers throughout absence of military forces in US-affiliated history. These colonizers frequently imposed states and territories vs. the expansion of their foreign laws on the domestic systems military facilities in the region, prioritization of the Pacific SIDS. The colonization of on ratification among different UNESCO Palau by Spain, Germany, Japan and then Conventions, complementarity and syner- trusteeship under the United States was gy among different UNESCO Conventions, Importance of establishing national systems gional levels, Possible training on Internation- before ratifications, need for awareness al Humanitarian Law in the Pacific countries raising and stakeholder consultations on the contributing to UN Peace Keeping Operations Hague Convention both at national and re- (PKO).

8 9 Day 3

Session 6: PHH and Capacity hosting arrangements of PHH after December Building 2020 with other regional organisations and agencies. Adi Meretui Ratunabuabua, as the former PHH manager, presented a PHH progress Session 7: Role of NGOs report that was discussed at the PHH Steering Committee (SC) Meeting held on 29 August On the role of NGOs, Dr Anita Smith made 2017 in Koror. The PHH Progress Report a presentation on the activities of ICOMOS provides a variety of PHH activities and the with its focus on the ICOMOS Pasifika and positive impact on expanding the heritage Australia, and their role in advocacy, develop- community in the Pacific islands. While ing guidelines and good practices for integra- acknowledging the continued support of USP tion of heritage policies as well as its advisory as a current host of PHH, the Report iden- role for the World Heritage Convention. She tified how to secure the sustainable funding explained that ICOMOS Pasifika was one as one of the biggest challenges facing the of ICOMOS’s International Scientific Com- PHH. This was followed by the presentation mittee and provided a platform for Pacific by USP on the proposed PHH/USP Profes- heritage professional community who share sional Certificate in Heritage Management common issues on heritage management. Programme that would be launched in Sep- Hon. Muragg and Adi Meretui who were the tember 2018. This Programme is a blended founders of ICOMOS Pasifika provided the education combining online classes, residen- background on the establishment of ICOMOS tial workshop and research project and has Pasifika and its assistance that resulted in a possibility of inter-university credit ex- the successful inscription of RISL in 2012. © UNESCO/A.Takahashi change and international accreditation. The They encouraged the delegate to join ICO- proposed Professional Certificate Programme MOS Pasifika to expand this to Heritage. The received the enthusiastic support from the outcomes of the group discussion were then delegates. The delegate endorsed the PHH presented in plenary and shared with other report and the recommendation of the PHH delegates for feedback. SC Meeting, including the preparation of a letter to USP, requesting to host the PHH till Session 8: Group Discussion by 31 December 2020. In the meantime and as Themes recommended by the PHH SC Meeting, Pa- cific countries were requested redouble their The group that discussed DRR and CC rec- efforts to ensure sustainable funding to PHH ommended to; i) develop DRR strategy of the in order to re-open the position of the PHH culture sector for inclusion in the DRR Plans manager. The delegates also agreed that the at the national level, ii) develop capacity SC members would start negotiating the building programme of police and other law The group that discussed Youth, Commu- Session 9: A Way Forward nication and Education recommended to; i) involve youth in research and education At the final discussion, the delegates agreed related to the history of cultural heritage and to continue to monitor progress in the im- its evolution, ii) preserve and promote Maori plementation of the updated Action Plan for language in the Cook Islands and other Pacif- 2018-2020 as presented at the Workshop. A ic islands with the use of computer applica- consensus was emerged to support the orga- tions. nization of a next Pacific Workshop in 2020 when the current Action Plan will come to an The group that discussed UCH recommended end. Such a workshop may be better held in to; i) formulate knowledge about the differ- Hawaii to coincide with the Festival of Pacific ent types of UCH and commence work on Arts and Culture in order to be cost-effective. a UCH database for the Pacific, ii) integrate However, the countries were encouraged ICH and UCH programme activities, iii) to organize a workshop in each sub-region work cooperatively in training programmes even before 2020 in order to ensure rigorous including USP and University of Guam and monitoring of the Action Plan implementa- other institutions toward a Pacific-wide UCH tion. As a possible funding source, UNESCO Capacity Building Programme, v) initiate an Participation Programme was suggested and NGO to develop a UCH Network to coordi- the issue of internal process for prioritization nate and implement UCH projects through among applications from different sectors was the Pacific UCH Partnership (PUCHP) discussed. UNESCO also suggested inte- formed at the SIDS Conference in Samoa, grating the identified priority activities to get vi) raise awareness about UCH in the Pacific reflected in the National Development Plan to and specifically considering the development secure national budget, while making efforts of a 30-minutes video for public consump- in obtaining complementary funding from de- tion. velopment partners and bilateral/multilateral agencies, UN agencies including UNESCO. The group that discussed Creative Industries and Tourism in relation to Heritage recom- The Workshop concluded with the vote of mended to; i) expand the good practice in thanks by Mr Augustin Kohler from FSM on promoting sustainable heritage-based tour- behalf of the delegates. He expressed his deep ism through heritage trails, home stays, tra- appreciation to the traditional leaders and au- ditional activities such as cooking, farming, thorities in Palau for hosting this Workshop. fishing, sustainable funding through permit Ms NISHA at UNESCO also expressed her fees, craft sales, tour fees, hotel room tax, profound gratitude to the Palauan authorities departure tax, etc. ii) encourage local stew- and congratulated the delegates for their ac- ardship of heritage-based tourism involving tive participation and contributions based on not only the tourism sector but also the edu- passion and solidarity in relation to heritage cation sector and local community. protection in the Pacific. 10 Annex 1: List of Participants

11 Non-Self-Governing Territories

Participants (Palau)

12 13 NGOs

Regional Intergovernmental Organisa- tions

UNESCO Partners

Observers UNESCO

Workshop Secretariat

14 UNESCO Annex 2: Programme of the Workshop

Workshop Secretariat © UNESCO/A.Takahashi

15 Annex 3: Final Report of the Steering Committee Meeting of Pacific Heritage Hub

Steering Committee Meeting of Pacific Heritage Hub

(Koror, Palau, 29 August 2017) Final Report

The three-day Workshop was organized jointly by UNESCO and the Ministry for Com- munity and Cultural Affairs in Palau. It brought together government officials in charge of heritage protection from eight member states and one territory in the Pacific, the Pacific Heritage Hub (PHH) at the University of the South Pacific (USP), International Council of Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Australia, ICOMOS Pasifika, and Blue Shield Pasifika (BSP), the University of Guam as an associate member of UNESCO/University Twinning (UNITWIN) Network for Maritime Archaeology as well as several key stakeholders in Palau. The objectives of the Workshop were to share information on the progress in implementing the Pacific World Heritage Action Plan 2016-2020, to promote the Underwater Cultural Heritage (UCH) Convention and the Hague Convention and its Protocols among Pacific island nations, and to enhance capacity for heritage safeguarding with an integrated approach.

16 17 Session 1: PHH Progress Report

Final Report of the Steering The Programme Specialist for Culture at the among others, the need to develop a backup Annex 3: UNESCO Office for the Pacific States in Apia plan to ensure the implementation of priority Committee Meeting of Pacific Heritage Hub made a presentation on the PHH Progress activities even without funding support, the Report on behalf of PHH as the PHH rep- need to explore possibility of accessing to the resentative was absent. The Director of the funds related to climate change, the need to UNESCO Office in Apia complemented her develop a strategy to cooperate more close- presentation by underlining the responsibility ly with national educational institutions, the of the SC to steer PHH that was created at need to explore possibility of paring young the request of Pacific member states in 2012. volunteers from developed countries with She further reiterated the important role of volunteers from Pacific island states to rein- culture, history, language and identity play force human resources of PHH, the possibility in achieving Sustainable Development Goals of rotating PHH among different agencies in (SDGs). She also emphasized the shared Pacific island states in the future, and the need responsibility with Pacific member states not for more information to properly evaluate only for the implementation of PHH activ- the PHH delivery in the past four years. The ities but also for resource mobilisation for participants agreed to the need to enhance the PHH. ownership of PHH by Pacific member states in order to make PHH the genuine regional The participants then provided feedback to facility “by and for Pacific island nations”. the presentation. These feedback included, Session 2: USP/PHH “Professional Certificate in Heritage Management”

The UNESCO Office for the Pacific States The Chair provided information on the two- made a presentation on the USP/PHH pro- year professional certificate course already posal for Professional Certificate in Heritage managed by the University of Guam with Management Programme on behalf of PHH technical and financial support of the US as the PHH manager was absent. The par- National Park Service. This course is open to ticipants responded to the presentation by heritage professionals from the US affiliated congratulating PHH/USP for this new Pro- countries and territories in the Pacific with gramme which will be first of its kind in the the aims to recognise mainly local heritage South Pacific region. Blending online learn- managers working the Historical Preserva- ing, residential workshop and project work, tion Office. Under the criteria developed by the Programme aims to cater the specific Dr Mauritio Rufino, Director of FSM HPO, needs of Pacific island states for linking the 10-year working experience in the relevant heritage preservation to sustainable develop- field is considered as equivalent to BA. The ment. The participants then requested clari- programme contents are enriched by utilising fications on some aspects of the Programme, a vast network of the specialised institutions including the financial implication of the such as the University of Oregon, San Diego establishment of this new Programme to the University, US National Preservation Insti- contributing Pacific island states to USP, the tute, etc. External resource persons are also entry level qualifications, the possibility of brought in for field works carried out by a inter-university credit exchange and rec- team of students. Palau mentioned that the ognition, the availability of fellowship, the sharing of experiences in the professional desirability of developing additional modules certificate course in the northern Pacific and on different UNESCO Conventions in cul- the new USP/PHH programme could contrib- ture besides the World Heritage Convention ute to the mutual learning, and will benefit the and Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs), the constructive development of both courses. exact role of PHH in the Programme. Some of the participants emphasized the advantage The participants agreed to forward the above of creating an opportunity for the students feedback to USP/PHH for clarifications and to work together as a team on a same project consideration for follow up. instead of doing a project work individually.

18 19 Session 3: PHH Strategy and Action Plan 2018-2020

UNESCO Office for the Pacific States made Tonga which initially proposed this activity a presentation on PHH Strategy and Action provided background information for this Plan 2018-2020 on behalf of PHH as the activity that aimed to develop a trans-bound- PHH representative was absent. She ex- ary nomination for the ancient fortress in plained that the PHH Strategy and Action Wallis and Futuna and in Tonga and that, due Plan 2018-2020 presented in the document to the other priority of Tonga, this activity was based on the priority activities at the re- may take some time to be implemented. The gional level the responsibility for which were participants then requested PHH to develop a assigned to PHH. In order to avoid confu- PHH communication strategy with a view to sion, the participants agreed to eliminate enhancing its advocacy work to fostering the those that were not assigned to PHH from value of shared heritage in the Pacific. the document. The participants then provided feedback to the following activities; Activity 5: Establish a register of legal experts for cultural heritage law. Activity 1: Secure sustainable funding for Request PHH to provide detailed information PHH. on “Ground Work” planned for 2018-2020 Request PHH to provide proper budget and with budget. its breakdown of USD 50,000 per year that was indicated as minimum target to secure Activity 12: Study to review the economic PHH operations. benefits/impacts of World Heritage inscription and Activity 13: Promote the value of heritage Activity 2: Develop a regional cultural in context of sustainable tourism heritage register and database or model for Recommend to speed up the implementation heritage registers to be adopted by national of this activity to make the proposed study agencies. available in 2018 and utilise it for Activity 13. Request to provide detailed information on “Ground Work” planned for 2018-2020 and Activity 15: “Lessons from the Pacific: Sus- its financial implication. Recommend to tainable Use of Resources and the Resilience explore innovative funding mechanisms to of Pacific Island Communities” (Publication support the activity in sustainable manner. and social media campaign) Request more detailed information on activi- Activity 3: Promote trans-boundary nomina- ties planned for 2018-2020. tions. The participants recommended that an evaluation of PHH be included in the Action Plan 2018-2020. Session 4: A Way Forward

The participants agreed to the following as an cussions. He provided his feedback to some outcome of the meeting; of the queries on the new Professional Cer- • Congratulate the achievements of PHH as tificate in Heritage Management Programme a regional mechanism by and for Pacific made by the participants during the day. He peoples; informed the renewed commitment of USP to • Note the financial sustainability remains a PHH and PHH-led new Professional Certifi- challenge for PHH; cate Programme which would be cross-credit- • Encourage Pacific countries to take more ed with BA course in the Pacific studies at the responsibility for resource mobilisation Oceania Centre of USP. He explained that the for PHH as a shared responsibility; financial implication of the new Programme • Recommend the host agreement with USP would be minimal, as the Programme is con- that ended in March 2017 be extended to sidered as the existing Pacific studies. December 2020; • Recommend that PHH SC and Pacific The participants agreed to finalise a report member states engage discussion with of the Meeting by mid-September 2017. A other agencies and organisation regarding formal communication to the Vice Chancel- the PHH hosting arrangement after Dec lor of USP will be prepared to inform him of 2020; the summary of the outcome of the PHH SC • Recommend an evaluation of PHH’s op- Meeting, requesting additional information on eration in the past four years in terms of the questions that remained unanswered at the its success and challenges in order to ar- Meeting. ticulate its objectives and a way forward, making recommendations concerning the hosting and financial sustainability.

The PHH representative joined the con- cluding session of the Meeting. He was first briefed of the summary of the Meeting dis-

20 21 Annex 1: Meeting Agenda Annex 2: List of Participants Countries

PHH/USP

NGOs

UNESCO

22 23 Annex 3: PHH Progress Report

UNESCO Pacific World Heritage held in munication Strategy for initial 18 months Samoa in September 2011 unanimously period as well as its logo. The PHH launching endorsed the establishment of the Pacific event was held on 26 February 2013 at the Heritage Hub (PHH) at the University of the Oceania Centre for Arts and Culture Pavil- South Pacific (USP), Suva, Fiji. An Establish- ion. It was opened by Prof Rajesh Chandra, ment Committee of the PHH, composed of Vice-Chancellor and President of USP and at- representative from Australia, Fiji (host coun- tended by H.E. Suzanne Wilson, Acting High try), Palau (Micronesia group), Samoa (Poly- Commissioner for Australia in Fiji. nesia group), Solomon Islands (Melanesia group), ICOMOS, IUCN, SPC, SPREP, SUP Since its official establishment in February and UNESCO, was convened as agreed at 2013, PHH has been actively engaged in its the Samoa Workshop. Adi Meretui Ratunab- main areas of action, namely, knowledge uabua was seconded from the Fiji Govern- management, capacity building, and partner- ment to take u p a position of PHH manager ship building/fund-raising. The PHH Face- in September 2012. book page was launched in February 2013, while the PHH manager undertook several The Australian Government concluded a missions to promote PHH in international fo- MoU with USP in order to support the estab- rums, including the World Heritage Commit- lishment phase of PHH in October 2012 with tee Meeting held in Cambodia in June 2013. the initial funding of AUD 200,000. A team Several project proposals were developed and of PHH comprising of PHH manager, Com- submitted to development partners. munication Specialist, Programme Assistants was established during the course of 2012. The 2nd Meeting of PHH Steering Committee PHH Office was arranged at the Oceania was held in Suva in November 2013 before Centre for Arts, Culture and Pacific Studies the UNESCO Pacific World Heritage Work- at USP. shop (Suva, 27 – 30 November 2013). The Steering Committee examined progress in the The first meeting of the Steering Committee PHH activities and the PHH manager pre- was held in Suva, Fiji, from 26 to 27 Feb- sented the PHH progress report at the Pacific ruary 2013. Under the chair of Mr Dwight World Heritage Workshop for its endorse- Alexander (Palau) and Mr Peni Cavuilagi ment. Based on the discussion, the delegates (Fiji) as Vice-Chair, the PHH Steering Com- agreed to issue a communique to the Vice mittee endorsed PHH’s vision and mission Chancellor of USP, requesting USP to fund statement and objectives. The Meeting also the PHH operation and, in particular, the hu- endorsed the PHH Strategic Plan and Com- man resources of the PHH till March 2017. Following this, USP continues to host PHH itage managers in Pacific SIDS. The pro- until now. Since July 2014 when Adi Meretui gramme “Professional Certificate in Heritage Ratunabuatua, the PHH manager, returned to Management” is planned for roll out in 2018. the Fiji Government, the PHH manager’s position has then been frozen without necessary PHH will also be an important implementa- funding. The PHH operation has been placed tion partner for the Workshop on Heritage/ under the supervision of Dr Cresantia Frances Environmental Impact Assessments for the Koya-Vakauta and one Programme Assistant Pacific Island States (Suva/Levuka, Fiji, 20- at the Oceania Centre for Arts, Culture and 28 November 2017) by WITRAP, Category II Pacific Studies. Centre in Shanghai, China.

Despite the above challenge, PHH, with the PHH’s proposed focus for 2018 are as fol- assistance of the former PHH manager and lows: the current PHH supervisor, has managed • Focus on seeking and securing funding for to maintain its operations until now. As a 2018 - 2020 period UNESCO-supported regional facility based • Concentrate on Professional Certificate at the Oceania Centre for Arts, Culture and in Heritage Management; (a) begin pro- Pacific Studies at USP, PHH also engaged in gramme development i.e. course writing; activities that supported the institution and (b) work with countries to confirm first the USP Community. At the national level, cohort participants; (c) roll out pro- PHH also engaged with Fiji, a host country, gramme with first cohort in July 2018 through the Department of Heritage and Arts • PHH Publications (at least 2) and other culture and heritage agencies. • Regional study/research (at least 1) • Continue with Inspire Series Seminars The list of the recent PHH activities is at- and Presentations tached. The key activities included, among • Continue to assist with secretariat services others; Pacific Regional Training for Man- and support where required agement Plan Development (Suva, Fiji, February 2014), Micronesia Workshop for Without doubt, the establishment of PHH has Management Plan Development (Yap, FSM, made a positive impact on the heritage pro- April 2014), Side Event “Culture and Devel- tection and capacity building in the Pacific opment: Heritage and Creativity for SIDS island region. Development partners have Sustainable Development” at the 3rd UN approached PHH that has a regional mandate International Conference for Sustainable and academic support rather than the national Development in SIDS (Apia, Samoa, Sep- authorities that are often busy with manag- tember 2014), and the UNESCO Regional ing their own national heritage programme Meeting on the Pacific World Heritage Ac- and policy issues. For the time being, PHH tion Plan 2016-2020 (Suva, Fiji, December is the only entity that can be entrusted with 2015). PHH has also been developing a new multi-national and regional projects related 24 “Heritage Certificate Program” to address to heritage protection in the Pacific island the needs for professional training for her- region. 25

Vision: Our Pacific islands cultural and natural heritage is restored, enriched, cherished, and protected for present and future generations.

Mission: To inspire, guide and build capacity of Pacific peoples to safeguard their cultural and natural heritage, including intangible cultural heritage, for enhanced sustainable development by: advocating for increased recognition of, and support for, the unique and diverse cultural and natural heritage of the Pacific; facilitating implementation of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention.

Objectives: The Pacific Heritage Hub will: • be a hub for knowledge management and information production, accumulation, sharing and dissemination on, and for, cultural and natural heritage management in the Pacific; • promote an integrated approach to the cultural and natural dimensions of heritage; • facilitate the coordination of capacity-building through training and education across the region; increase awareness of the Pacific Islands region, its unique heritage and special needs within the international heritage community and to the global community.

How: The above objectives will be pursued by: • strengthening the promotion of heritage values and heritage-related communication through a strong online presence and the use of traditional media of radio, print and televi- sion; • creating and managing online tools, networks and communities; • encouraging and facilitating states parties’ implementation of UNESCO World Heritage Convention by engaging communities and stakeholders; • providing guidance and coordination through mainstreaming of heritage into national and regional policies, legislation and development plans; • developing and maintaining networks and partnerships at the community, national, regional and international levels collaborating actively with regional and international organisations and initiatives dealing with cultural and natural heritage, including the Pacific Islands Roundtable on Nature Conservation; • advocating for integration of cultural and natural heritage institutions and practices at the national level; • supporting cultural and natural heritage institutions to implement the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 noting in particular the relevance of contributing to strategic goals and targets; Appendix: List of the PHH activities

PHH Participation

• Pacific Regional Training for Management Plan Development. Suva, Fiji (February 17 – 21, 2014) • Palau Heritage Tourism Workshop, Palau. (10 – 14 March, 2014) • IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy (CEESP) Steering Committee Meeting. Bangkok, Thailand (16th – 22 April, 2014) • Micronesia Workshop for Management Plan Development. Yap, FSM (7 April – 11 April, 2014) • 5th Melanesian Festival of Arts and Culture, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea (28 June – 11 July, 2014) • Side Event “Culture and Development: Heritage and Creativity for SIDS Sustainable De- velopment” at the 2rd UN International Conference for Sustainable Development in SIDS (Apia, Samoa, September 2014) • Workshop on the Revitalization of Indigenous Architecture and Sustainable Building Skills in the Pacific. Apia, Samoa (November 3 – 7, 2014) • Workshop on Preparation of Nomination Files for UNESCO World Heritage List - Korea National Commission for UNESCO (January 28 – 30, 2015) • First Sub-Regional Information Meeting for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Pacific - “Revitalizing Dormant ICH Data in the Pacific” (16 April –18 April, 2015) • Book Launch – “Underwater Cultural Heritage and Small Island Developing States – 3rd UN International Conference on Small Island Developing States (Apia, Samoa, 1 – 4 Sep- tember, 2014) (27 May, 2015) • FIJI/China WHITRAP WORKSHOP - “Planning for the Conservation and Development of Historic Towns and Urban areas” (July 27 – August 7, 2015) • First Pacific Regional Training for Disaster Risk Management of Cultural Heritage in Pacific Small Island Developing States (Port Vila, October 2015) • Regional Meeting on the Pacific World Heritage Action Plan 2016-2020 (Suva, Fiji, Decem- ber 2015) • Symposium on culture and development held at 12th Festival of Pacific Arts and Culture (Guam, May 2016) • PHH and OCACPS –USP Presentation to Council of Pacific Arts and Culture held at 12th Festival of Pacific Arts and Culture (Guam, May 2016) • PHH and OCACPS –USP Presentation to Culture Ministers Meeting held at 12th Festival of Pacific Arts and Culture (Guam, May 2016) • ADB, SPC and Pacific Youth Council Regional Workshop on Research for Improving Em- ployment Opportunities in the Pacific Islands, Invited presentation on “an introduction to Pacific Research Approaches (May 9 – 12, 2016) • PHH-PYC Initiatives Presentation to Pacific Youth Council General Assembly held at SPC 26 Nabua, Suva Fiji (19 – 23 June 2017) 27 Co-hosted events & activities

• Melanesian Spearhead Group 25th Anniversary, USP – Laucala Campus (18 – 20 March, 2013) • International ICOMOS Day Celebration, 18 April, 2013 – Professor Konai Helu Thaman (UNESCO Chair for Teacher Education and Culture) • International Bird Migration Day – May 16, 2013 (Partnership with Birdlife Fiji and Nature Fiji) • PACIFIC INSPIRES PUBLIC SEMINAR SERIES - Friends of Melanesia, Mr. Ken Mondiai • 7 July, 2013 • International ICH Day, October 2013 – Video Link with Vanuatu Kaljoral Senta – Vanuatu Sand Drawing • Cultural Economics Conference (USP, Suva, 20 -21 March, 2014) • Culture and Education – Curriculum Mapping Workshop (Suva, May 1 – 2, 2014) • 17th Pacific Islands Round Table (PIRT) for Nature Conservation Annual Meeting (Nadi, 15 May, 2014) • Council of Pacific Arts Meeting (SPC, Suva, 27 – 29 May, 2014) • English Intensive Program, School of Language, Arts and Media (USP, September 22, 2014) • USP OPEN DAY, 9 August, 2013 (Partnership with ICT USP) • USP OPEN DAY, 8 August, 2014.(Partnership with Oceania Centre for Arts Culture and Pacific Studies) • USP OPEN DAY, 7 August, 215 (Partnership with Oceania Centre for Arts, Culture and Pacific Studies) • USP OPEN DAY, 29 July, 2016 (Partnership with National Archives of Fiji) • USP OPEN DAY, 28 July, 2017 (Partnership with Fiji Museum) • Vanuatu l The Calling – USP’s response to devastation of Tropical Cyclone Pam (Partner- ship with Oceania Centre for Arts, Culture and Pacific Studies) • 39th Pacific Circle Consortium Conference (USP, Suva, 1 – 4 July, 2015) • Faculty of Arts, Law and Education Postgraduate Symposium, USP Bure (USP, Suva 6 – 7 November, 2017) • International Women’s Day, March 10, 2016 - Photo Exhibition and Publication. (Partner- ship with Australia High Commission, Fiji Women’s Rights Movement, National Archives of Fiji, USP, UN Women, The Poetry Shop Fiji and Moana Loa) • Vueti Viti – USP’s response to devastation of Tropical Cyclone Winston (Hosted by Oceania Centre for Arts, Culture and Pacific Studies) • FIJI POST DISASTER NEEDS ASSESSEMENT [PDNA 2016] – Culture and Heritage: Cross-Cutting Sector (March 29 – April 19, 2016) • Blue Shield Pasefika (BSP), 6 April, 2016 (PHH presentation and tour of Oceania Centre Gallery) • RE-LAUNCH OF PACIFIC INSPIRE SERIES: Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Devel- opment | Whose culture? Whose voices? (USP, Suva, May 19, 2016) - Book Launch and Poetry Reading (Partnership with Pacific Youth Council, 4/4 Quarters and The Poetry Shop, Fiji) • Epeli Ha’uofa Memorial Dance Festival (USP, Suva, 16 -18 June, 2016) (Hosted by Oceania Centre for Arts, Culture and Pacific Studies) • Faculty of Arts, Law and Education Postgraduate Symposium (ICT, USP, Suva, 4 – 5 No- vember, 2016) • PACIFIC INSPIRE SERIES: The Ancient Hill Forts of Fiji: Recent Research in Ba and Bua – Professor Patrick Nunn (17 February, 2017) (Partnership with Fiji Museum) • PACIFIC INSPIRE SERIES: Poetry Reading and Panel Discussion | Professor Konai Helu Thaman, Dr. Cresantia Koya-Vaka’uta and Kathy Jetnil-Kijiner (February 17, 2017) • PACIFIC INSPIRE SERIES: MISA 4 THE PACIFIC – To Save Our Shores (14 March, 2017) (Partnership with Marshall Islands Student Association) • Public Lecture Series: Churches in Conversation with Society on Issues that Matter | Panel Discussion. 2017 – 2018. (Partnership with Pacific Theological College and Pacific Regional Seminary) • UNODC - Anti-Corruption Seminar: Anti-Corruption and SDG’s. 26 April, 2017. (Part- nership with UNODC, UNDP, PYC, Washington & Lee University, Virginia, USP and PHH) Topic: “Why Sound Anti-Corruption Policies and Legislations Matter in Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 16” • UNODC - Anti-Corruption Panel Discussion: Anti-Corruption and SDG’s. 11 August 2017 (Partnership with UNODC, UNDP, PYC, Washington & Lee University, Virginia, USP and PHH). Topic: “A dialogue on Justice, Peace and Strong Institutions: The Role of Youth in Promoting Integrity, Transparency and Accountability”

28 29 Annex 4: Proposed Programme Overview

Title: Professional Certificate in Heritage Management

Start Year: 2018

The Professional Certificate in Heritage the participant is based. In the case where the Management provides work placed learning participant is not working for a culture or her- opportunities for participants involved in a itage organization, the field component would range of heritage fields. The programme is be at a recognized national site. designed to strengthen professional capacity, community engagement and build knowledge This program is designed to be completed of and skills in good practice and professional on a part-time basis, through the successful values necessary for the safeguarding of cul- completion of a series of courses delivered in tural and natural heritage for enhanced sus- a variety of blended modes. This includes an tainable development in the Pacific islands. introductory face-to-face one-week residential The programme is designed to be offered on school/ workshop at Laucala, followed by a cohort basis arranged to specific groups of blended –online delivery. Pacific practitioners offered in flexible modes of delivery on a part-time basis and spread Each course will be worth 2.5 credit points over a 1-year period of study. with a cumulative credit point accreditation of 15 which is the equivalent of one Postgradu- There is no current training or formal course/ ate (400-level) course at USP. The USP stu- qualification available for culture and natural dent learning hours of 20 -25 hrs. per credit heritage practitioners in the region and for point will be adhered to. this reason, participants will be early, mid-ca- reer and experienced heritage practitioners The Pacific Studies course code of PA will be from the 22 Pacific islands and territories used with a designated additional P to indicate served by the Pacific Heritage Hub at USP. Professional certification i.e. PAPXX.

The Professional certificate allocates for The programme does not duplicate any ex- prior learning and experience in the areas of isting course or programme on offer at USP heritage management and comprises six re- or other regional institution and has been quired courses, three of which are compulso- tailored to meet the specific Heritage Man- ry with the remaining selected from electives agement needs of the region as determined in key need areas. The capstone course in the by PHH Training Needs Analysis (2013) and certificate is the final completion course; a ongoing consultation with stakeholder parties. practicum comprised of field-based research at the organization or institution at which Programme Learning Outcomes Graduate Attributes

The proposed programme provides partic- The USP Professional Certificate in Heritage ipants with both theory and practice with Management integrates and embeds USP hands on learning opportunities for workplace Graduate Attributes. They will be resourceful, projects and independent problem-based ac- investigative, confident heritage administration research. Participants will attain a broad tors, managers and leaders who are ethically understanding of the interdisciplinary field and socially aware of the civic responsibility of heritage work bringing together aspects that heritage management and conservation of culture, indigeneity, history, ecology, entails. economics, tourism and sustainable development. Graduates are expected to demonstrate: • Professionalism: A deep understanding Graduates of the Professional Certificate in and personal commitment to cultural and Heritage Management will be able to: natural heritage work in the Pacific and • Reflect critically on heritage management for the professionalization of the heritage practices, including their own workforce in the Pacific and beyond. • Demonstrate the knowledge and skills of • Ethical & Reflective Practice:A value for a professional heritage practitioner ethical global, regional and local con- • Identify, analyse and problem-solve heri- siderations in heritage management and tage management issues and challenges conservation and the skills and aptitude • Demonstrate an understanding of the role to engage in reflective ethical heritage of cultural/natural heritage in the conser- practice. vation and safeguarding of Pacific island • Critical and Creative thinking: Exercise identity and cultural memory, including critical judgment and apply innovative past and current use of heritage ideas to problem solving and working in • Apply practical skills in the management diverse teams in Pacific island contexts. of cultural heritage and/or natural heri- • Communication Skills: Clarity and coher- tage in the Pacific ence in communicating ideas as well as • Undertake ethical, applied research in the listen and negotiate effectively. fields of cultural/natural heritage man- • Teamwork: A sense of personal respon- agement and sustainable tourism practice sibility and contribution in diverse teams • Develop and manage heritage projects; and respectful of others views and per- and spectives. • Communicate Pacific heritage issues ap- • Pacific Consciousness: Commitment to propriately to a range of audiences. the broad vision of sustainable Pacific societies and awareness of the critical contribution that cultural and natural heritage work makes to the national, regional 30 and global pursuit of sustainability. 31 Generic Skills Independent learning skills and basic research skills The USP Professional Certificate in Heritage Management is designed to produce gradu- Research is an important skill and is em- ates with the knowledge, skills and attitude; bedded in all the new courses listed for this ethical inclination, critical and creative think- programme.The RSD Framework will be ining required for the effective management corporated into all course assessments. Partic- of safeguarding and conservation of heritage ipants will learn about and engage in heritage resource initiatives in the Pacific islands and research as well as elements of academic region. research. They will engage in action research in the final practicum course. Generic skills include: Ethical inclination, critical and creative thinking, problem-solving, written and oral communication, teamwork, leadership, Pacific consciousness.

Program/Major outline

Recommended courses for the PCHM comprise 6 courses (3 required courses (core) and 3 electives) which may be completed within 1 year of part-time study. 2 courses will be offered in Semester 2, 2018. These are highlighted in the table below. Additional Notes

The first two courses are at benchmark level indicative of the introduction to heritage work in the Pacific and global context. Learning outcomes are reflective of this.

Participants will choose three (3) additional courses from the optional list below in line with their current professions. The elective courses are at milestone level indicating that the courses move beyond baseline acquisition of knowledge to higher levels of understanding and application bringing in relevant skills and competencies/literacies required by current heritage practitioners Learning outcomes are reflective of this.

Final exit course: The final Practical field research course is at capstone level indicative of the higher levels of critical and creative inquiry through place-based action research. Learning outcomes are reflective of this.

The programme has been designed in review of comparative programmes offered elsewhere and in direct response to the 2013 PHH Training Needs Analysis.

Course Listing1

PAP01 Introduction to Heritage Management (Core) 2.5 Credit Points Semester 2, 2018 Blended Mode Regional Campuses Duration: 4 Weeks

This course will introduce participants to the diverse forms of heritage management in the Pa- cific and the multiple functionality that both cultural and natural heritage plays in defining, -re inforcing and contributing to sustainable development in the Pacific islands.The significance and scope of heritage resources in the contemporary Pacific and the wider global context will be discussed. They will review a number of strategies in responsive heritage leadership and management necessary for effective stakeholder engagement and good practice in the area of cultural heritage management.

Course Learning Outcomes: At the end of this course, participants will demonstrate an understanding of a range of heritage concepts and issues. They will be able to: • Critique a range of Pacific forms of heritage sites of cultural and natural heritage resources; including; places, objects, tangible and intangible heritage; and, recent developments in cultural/natural heritage studies designed to enable a deeper understanding of these resources; 32

1 These to be fine-tuned in consultation with PHH Steering committee recommended Heritage scholars and practitioners in October 2017 for course writing early in 2018 (Feb – May). 33 • Explain the role of cultural/natural heritage in the conservation and safeguarding of Pacific island identity and cultural memory, including past and current use of heritage; and, various perceptions, value of and understandings of cultural/ natural heritage in the Pacific and other indigenous communities, as well as the global community; • Discuss the significance of heritage leadership and sustainable heritage management in the Pacific; and, • Explain concepts of power and agency in contemporary heritage management; and, the relationship of these with dominant heritage discourse.

This will comprise 1 – 2 week intensive residential school at Laucala (face-to-face delivery) followed by 2 - 3 weeks of online delivery. Total duration of course = 4 weeks.

PAP02 Heritage Conservation in the Pacific (Core) 2.5 Credit Points Semester 2, 2018 Blended Mode Regional Campuses Duration: 4 Weeks

In this course, participants will be introduced to a range of heritage management approaches in the conservation, access to and management of cultural and natural heritage. Participants will gain an insight into responsive approaches based on shifts in global and regional phil- osophical changes as well as Pacific political, social, economic, cultural and environmental needs. They will also gain hands-on learning opportunities to review the UN Heritage nomination process and submission requirements.

Course Learning Outcomes: At the end of this course, participants will have developed an understanding of and implications for good practice in heritage conservation. They will be able to: • Compare and contrast a range of interpretations of conservation and safeguarding of cultural/ natural heritage sites and artifacts in the Pacific including Indigenous Knowledge and Intellectual Property Issues; • Discuss contemporary concerns, challenges and good practice in sustainable development and resilience approaches in the management of cultural/natural heritage; and, • Explain UN Heritage Nomination processes and submission requirements.

PAP03 Cultural Heritage Stewardship & Sustainable Development in the Pacific (Elec- tive) Semester 1, 2019 Blended Mode Regional Campuses Duration: 4 Weeks

In this course, participants will learn about the concept and practice of stewardship from the dual perspectives of indigenous communities and national heritage safeguarding institutions. They will develop an understanding of and implications for good practice in cultural heritage management and conservation in the Pacific islands and beyond. Course Learning Outcomes: Participants will demonstrate applied working knowledge and skills to plan, manage and implement problem-solving approaches to investigate and address emerging issues in the safeguarding and conservation of cultural heritage. They will be able to: • Compare and Contrast dimensions of Pacific understandings and global interpretations of culture, and cultural heritage; • Describe and discuss current models of practice and challenges in Cultural Heritage Man- agement for Sustainable Development in SIDS; and, • Apply problem-solving approaches to stakeholder engagement in national stewardship initiatives in the Pacific islands in the specific area of cultural heritage management.

PAP04 Natural Heritage Stewardship & Sustainable Development in the Pacific (Elec- tive) 2.5 Credit Points Semester 1, 2019 Blended Mode Regional Campuses Duration: 4 Weeks

Course Learning Outcomes: Participants will demonstrate applied working knowledge and skills to plan, manage and implement problem-solving approaches to investigate and address emerging issues in the safeguarding and conservation of natural heritage. They will be able to: • Compare and Contrast dimensions of Pacific understandings and global interpretations of culture, and natural heritage; • Describe and discuss current models of practice and challenges in Natural Heritage Man- agement for Sustainable Development in SIDS; and, • Apply problem-solving approaches to stakeholder engagement in national stewardship initiatives in the Pacific islands in the specific area of natural heritage management.

PAP05 Planning & Practice for the Cultural Curator (Elective) 2.5 Credit Points Semester 1, 2019 Blended Mode Regional Campuses Duration: 4 Weeks

Prerequisite: Current professional/ volunteer role in a museum, heritage site or other collection-holding institution/ repository. In this course, participants will learn about the multiple roles of the cultural curator. They will acquire knowledge and skills in archiving, recording and exhibition of cultural artifacts and exposed to case-studies of past and current challenges and good practice in the representation of culturally significant sites and objects of tangible 34 and intangible cultural value. Coverage includes community and stakeholder engagement and the use of technology and media to enhance curatorial practice. 35 Course Learning Outcomes: At the end of this course, participants will have developed an understanding of and implications for good practice in cultural curatorship. They will be able to: • Appraise past and current curatorial practice in the archival, recording and exhibition of cultural artifacts in the Pacific and wider global context; • Discuss representations and misrepresentations of Pacific artifacts in relation to cultural context and significance to specific cultural communities for whom these hold meaning; • Plan for and engage in community and stakeholder engagement in specific projects and initiatives; and, • Effectively use technology and media as partners in managing professional cultural curatorial practice.

PAP06 The Economics of Heritage Management (Elective) 2.5 Credit Points Semester 1, 2019 Blended Mode Regional Campuses Duration: 4 Weeks

In this course, participants will learn about the economic dimension of heritage practice. They will be introduced to the concepts of cultural economy, cultural and creative industries, and cultural statistics; and, will develop an understanding of the interrelated nature of these to heritage conservation, safeguarding initiatives, sustainable heritage tourism and economic development.

Course Learning Outcomes: At the end of this course, participants will have developed an understanding of the economics of heritage management and implications for good practice. They will be able to: • Demonstrate an understanding of cultural economy, creative/ cultural industries, cultural statistics, and sustainable heritage tourism; • Relate the heritage work that they do with relevant regional policies and frameworks; • Explain the importance of cost-benefit analysis/feasibility analysis of conservation, safeguarding and heritage management in the Pacific; and, • Conduct field-site discussions with members of the wider community on the socio-cultural costs incurred by communities in relation to heritage site and conservation initiatives, heritage tourism benefits and challenges and other emerging issues of interest and in line with participants ‘line of heritage work. PAP07 Sustainability Issues in Heritage Management & Tourism (Elective) 2.5 Credit Points Semester 2, 2019 Blended Model Regional Campuses Duration: 4 Weeks

In this course, participants will learn about the inherent relationship between heritage management, tourism and sustainable development in the Pacific. They will also learn about marketing and branding of heritage tourism in and for the Pacific islands and will learn how to develop action plans for collaborative work with tourism departments/authorities to ensure issues of authenticity and informed community consent are adhered to as well as general ethical heritage practice concerns and challenges.

Course Learning Outcomes: At the end of this course, participants will have developed an understanding of Heritage Tour- ism and implications for good practice in Heritage Management. They will be able to: • Explain the relationship between culture, heritage and contemporary tourism including cultural tourism and ecological tourism; • Discuss the interdependence of tourism and heritage sectors; • Demonstrate an understanding of contemporary issues in the development and management of cultural and heritage tourism products in the Pacific region/islands in relation to sustainable economic development; and, • Develop a simple Action Plan for Heritage Tourism initiative in-country.

PAP08 Heritage Project Management (elective) 2.5 Credit Points Semester 2, 2019 Blended Mode Regional Campuses Duration: 4 Weeks

In this course, participants will learn about the importance of sustainable funding in safeguarding and conservation initiatives. They will be introduced to a number of key funding agencies, funds, trusts and foundations accessible to Pacific island heritage institutions and national project initiatives. Participants will have hand-on learning opportunities to review, discuss and work on funding proposals for a specific in-country project that is aligned with their specific area of heritage work.

Course Learning Outcomes: At the end of this course participants will demonstrate working knowledge and skills in Heri- tage Project Management. They will be able to: • Demonstrate an understanding of sustainable heritage funding and identify a number of key funding opportunities available to heritage practitioners and institutions in the Pacific; • Complete select funding application forms, develop a project management plan and monitoring and evaluation checklist, maintain financial records and complete acquittals, and complete project reports; and, 36 • Negotiate and maintain relationships with donor agencies. 37 PAP09 Practicum: Field Research (Capstone) 2.5 Credit Points Semester 2, 2019 Blended Mode Regional Campuses Duration: 4 Weeks

This final course comprises the required practical research based component in the Profes- sional certificate. This course is the capstone course for the certificate. Participants must have successfully completed all other required courses before enrolling in this course. Prior to reg- istering for this course, participants must demonstrate their ability to make appropriate on-site arrangements for the successful implementation of the action-research project.

Course Learning Outcomes: At the end of this course, participants will have demonstrated the synthesis of all learning that has taken place in previous courses. They will be able to: • Design, develop, implement and self-assess a small scale on-site action research project related to their specific professional area of work in heritage management; • Compile an ePortfolio of continuous assessment and personal philosophy of practice statement as well as final research paper and on-site assessment observation forms; and, • Complete the exit-assessment paper for completion of the program.

Timeline of Discussions & Developments

2013 • PHH Steering committee communiqué released in Feb 2013 clarifying the role and func- tion of the hub in meeting specific heritage needs and priorities in the 22 member states and territories. • PHH Training needs analysis conducted of member state parties and national heritage needs. • Various meetings conducted with Dr. Karen Stevenson (Director OCACPS) and PHH in 2013 on Heritage Management programmes and courses. Discussions resumed in 2015 at the OCACPS Programme Advisory Committee which had been established in 2014 • On-going discussions within OCAPS about specific streams (multi-disciplinary) within PG Dip in Pacific Studies Programme • PHH Steering committee communiqué released in Nov 2013 and the annual report for that same year reiterated the need for capacity building facilitated by PHH and through OCA- CPS at USP

2014 • PHH reduced to two support staff with the non-renewal of contract of PHH manager & communications specialist. • OCACPS Programme Advisory Committee established and first meeting held on July 30 at Molikilagi Bure. Future and sustainability of PHH was raised and the ability to meet its mandate. • Dr. Vaka‘uta asked to oversee the management of the hub and to assist Acting Director Dr. Gegeo to fine tune and actively seek out funding opportunities • Dr. Vaka‘uta held discussions with Steering Committee Chair and the then Director De- partment of Culture, Heritage & the Arts, Ministry of Education Mr. Peni Cavuilagi on the education and training expectations of member states and PHH within the University system. The idea of the Professional Certificate was discussed at this meeting.

2015 • Dr. Gegeo, Dr. Vaka‘uta & PHH staff met with Akatsuki Takahashi UNESCO Special- ist for Culture (Apia Office) on potential funding bids and PHH projects and initiatives including capacity building, research & publication. The Professional certificate was discussed and USP regulations and processes clarified. • OCACPS Programme Advisory Committee met on 22 May at Molikilagi Bure. A general report on PHH progress was presented and the Professional Certificate was discussed in line with the Institute of Education‘s model for the Professional Certificate in School Leadership. Dr. Vaka‘uta was tasked with undertaking scoping of the IOE background papers and details and drafting relevant documentation for the usual USP process. • Draft papers tabled for discussion at OCACPS BOS on July 16, 2015.

2016 • In May, at the Festival of Pacific Arts and Culture (FESTPAC) held in Guam, Dr Va- ka’uta presented to the Pacific Council of Arts and Culture and the Pacific Culture Minister’s Meeting. Outcome was support for the Professional Certificate and the BA Major in Pacific Studies • FALE Business Plan 2016 – 2018 includes Professional Certificate programme

2017 • In May, Dr Vaka’uta met with Akatsuki Takahashi UNESCO Specialist for Culture (Apia Office) on the need for hosting of the PHH Steering committee. UNESCO in- quired as to the progress towards ensuring that the Professional certificate is processed through USP academic clearance system and offered in 2018. • Pacific Studies Programme Advisory met in June and endorsed the processing of the Professional certificate through USP quality assurance checks • OCACPS BOS second review of PCHM documents for FASQC processing • Submission to FASQC • USP attendance confirmed to attend the upcoming UNESCO Workshop in August (Pa- lau) to present on updates and progress towards Professional Certificate.

Contact 38 Ms. Temalesi Waqainabete, [email protected] Dr Frances C Koya Vaka’uta, [email protected] and [email protected] 39 Annex 5: PHH Strategy and Action Plan 2018-2020

The Pacific World Heritage Action Plan 2016-2020 includes a table containing several priority activities at a regional level assigned to PHH/USP. The table has been updated with the columns on “Progress during 2016-2017” and “Workplan for 2018-2020” as follows: 40 41

Note:

Goal 1: Pacific communities are actively engaged in conserving their heritage. Goal 2: Pacific heritage is valued and effectively protected and managed. Goal 3: The protection and conservation of Pacific heritage is supported by partnerships and cooperation of government agencies, regional and international organisations, NGOs and communities. Goal 4: The Pacific nations have the capacity to successfully nominate and effectively manage their World Heritage sites. Annex 4: Pacific World Heritage Action Plan 2016 – 2020

PACIFIC WORLD HERITAGE ACTION PLAN 2016 – 20201

Updated at the Pacific Heritage Workshop

(Koror, 30 August – 1 September 2017)

1 The Draft Pacific Action Plan 2016 - 2020 was developed and approved by delegates from Pacific States 42 Parties and territories at the Pacific World Heritage Action Plan meeting, Suva, Fiji, 1-4 December, 2015. 43 Vision for 2020

Pacific Island heritage is protected and enriched for current and future generations

Annex 4: Pacific World Heritage Action Preamble Plan 2016 – 2020 We the people of the Pacific offer a unique contribution to the World Heritage community, through our enormous wealth of cultural diversity, as well as the island and marine biodiversity of our region which covers one third of the earth’s surface.

For us, indigeneity is inseparable from heritage. Our indigeneity has the following charac- teristics: • Heritage in the Pacific defines our cultural identity and remains inseparable from our social, economic and environmental well-being, now and for future generations; • Our heritage is holistic, embracing all life, both tangible and intangible, and is understood through our cultural traditions; • There is an inseparable connection between the outstanding seascapes and landscapes in the Pacific Islands region, which are woven together by the rich cultural, historical and genealogical relationships of Pacific Island peoples; • The region contains a series of spectacular and highly powerful spiritually-valued natural features and cultural places. These places are related to the origins of peoples, the land and sea, and other sacred stories; • The Pacific is a region of distinct and diverse responses to oceanic environments; • Protection of our heritage must be based on respect for and understanding and maintenance of the traditional cultural practices, indigenous knowledge and systems of land and sea tenure in the Pacific.

This extraordinary heritage, moreover, is often managed through traditional practices that reinforce the inseparable relationship between communities, cultures and environment that underpin sustainable development.

Noting our achievements since the creation of the first Pacific World Heritage Action Plan 2004 - 2009 and second Pacific World Heritage Action Plan 2010 - 2015, including:

• Two Pacific Island countries have ratified the Convention, bringing the total to twelve countries (out of fourteen) including Cook Islands, Fiji, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu; • Eight States Parties have submitted their Tentative Lists, including Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tonga and Vanuatu. With Fiji and Solomon Islands this brings the total to ten States Parties; • Seven properties from Pacific Small Islands State Parties are now inscribed on the World Heritage List, i.e. Kuk Early Agricultural Site, Papua New Guinea; Chief Roi Mata’s Domain, Vanuatu; Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site, Marshall Islands; Phoenix Islands Pro- tected Area, Kiribati; Rock Islands Southern Lagoon, Palau and Levuka Historical Port Town, Fiji in addition to East Rennell, Solomon Islands, which was inscribed in 1998; • Five properties from Pacific territories of non-Pacific State Parties are now inscribed on the World Heritage List, i.e., Lagoon of New Caledonia: Reef Diversity and Associated Ecosystem, France; and Papahānaumokuākea, USA, in addition to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, USA; Henderson Island, UK; and Rapa Nui National Park, Chile, which had been inscribed prior to 2004; • The Pacific Heritage Hub has been established at the University of the South Pacific; • A shared long-term vision on World Heritage for the region was established and communicated, through the so-called “Pacific Appeal”1.

Recognizing the Strategic Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda adopted by the United Nations Summit on Sustainable Development in September 2015, call the international community to “Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage”, highlighting that the conservation of natural resources drives sustainable development and that the World Heritage Convention is an important tool to achieve these goals.

Recalling the SAMOA Pathway Outcome Document of the 3rd UN International Confer- ence on Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (Samoa, September 2014) recognizes that SIDS possess a wealth of culture, which is a driver and an enabler for sustainable development. In particular, indigenous and traditional knowledge and cultural expression, which underscores the deep connections among people, culture, knowledge and the natural environment, can meaningfully advance sustainable development and social cohesion, strongly supporting the efforts of SIDS to promote cultural diversity, intercultural dialogue and international cooperation in the cultural field in line with applicable international conventions, in particular those of UNESCO and to develop and strengthen national and regional cultural activities and infrastructures, including through the network of World Heritage sites, which reinforce local capacities, promote awareness in SIDS, enhance tangible and intangible cultural heritage, including local and indigenous knowledge, and involve local people for the benefit of present and future generations.

44 1 The Appeal to the World Heritage Committee from Pacific Island State Parties, also known as the “Pacific Appeal”, was developed by Pacific delegates at the February 2007 Pacific World Heritage workshop held at Waitetoko Marae (Tongariro) in New Zealand. It is annexed to Document WHC-07/31.COM/11C, accessible online from: http://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/31COM/documents/ 45 Common Challenges to the Pacific region

We recognize that the Pacific region continues to be the most under-represented region on the World Heritage List. In redressing this imbalance in representation and endeavouring to continue to build on the aforementioned achievements, the Pacific Island States face major challenges. These include: • Limited awareness of Pacific cultural and natural heritage outside the region; • Lack of adequate representation of the unique and special heritage of the Pacific on the World Heritage List; • Large geographic area, isolation and resource limitations that restrict access to information and assistance, and the ability of Pacific people to contribute to global forums; • The character and scope of the UNESCO and the World Heritage Convention administration for the Pacific region, which masks some of the specific important national and regional heritage issues; • Some people are represented by States Parties outside the region (UK, France, USA, Chile) which can limit their ability to have sites inscribed on the World Heritage List; • Limited financial and human resources, skills and capacities within communities, and institutions to adequately manage the region’s cultural and natural heritage; • A need for increased awareness within communities of the great value that the World Heritage Convention contributes to the protection and vitality of cultural and biological diversity; • Political instability and a lack of good governance, which are significant barriers to heritage conservation in general, and World Heritage implementation in particular; • Greater external challenges and threats in the Pacific than in most other regions of the world, with less capacity to respond to their impacts. Examples of these external influ- ences include climate change, financial instability, globalization of society and economy, technological development, commercialisation, energy supply and demand, natural disasters and tourism growth; • Climate change is of particular concern because the Pacific region is especially vulnera- ble to its impacts and faces many difficulties in adapting to and mitigating its effects; • The impacts on the environment and resources (both tangible and intangible) are wide- spread and sometimes difficult to monitor (e.g. spread of pests and diseases), which can limit our ability to protect heritage.

Aims and Goals

The aims of the Pacific World Heritage Action Plan 2016-2020 are: • To increase community, national, regional and global awareness of the heritage of the Pacific nations and the contribution of Pacific Island and Ocean heritage to sustainable development; • To strengthen the foundation for sustainable implementation of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention in the Pacific states and territories; • To build global recognition and support for conservation of the unique heritage of the Pacific through increasing representation of the heritage of the Pacific region on the World Heritage List.

Our pathway to achieving these aims has four key goals: 1. Pacific communities are actively engaged in conserving their heritage. 2. Pacific heritage is valued and effectively protected and managed. 3. The protection and conservation of Pacific heritage is supported by partnerships and cooperation of government agencies, regional and international organizations, non-government organizations and communities. 4. The Pacific nations have the capacity to successfully nominate and effectively manage their World Heritage sites.

Specific activities to achieve these goals at regional and national levels have been identified by Pacific delegates at the Pacific World Heritage Action Plan meeting, Suva, Fiji, 1-4 December, 2015.

Proposed Regional Level Activities (see ANNEX 1 for a description of each proposed activity)

46 47 48 49

Acronyms

CEESP Commission on Environmental, Economic and Social Policy HIST International Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage ICHCAP International Information and Networking Centre for Intangible Cultural d Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region PHH Pacific Heritage Hub SPC Secretariat of the Pacific Community SPREP Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme SPTO South Pacific Tourism Organisation USP University of South Pacific WHITRAP World Heritage Institute of Training and Research for the Asia and the Pacific d Region Summary of National Level Activities Proposed by Member States (see ANNEX 2 for details of country priorities and proposed activities)

50 51 ANNEX 1: Brief Description of Proposed Regional Activites 52 53 ANNEX 2: Country Priorities and Proposed Actions

AUSTRALIA

COOK ISLANDS

FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA (FSM)

54 55 REPUBLIC OF FIJI

GUAM KIRIBATI

56 57 MARSHALL ISLANDS (RMI)

NAURU

NEW ZEALAND

58 59 NIUE

PALAU

PAPUA NEW GUINEA (PNG) SOLOMON ISLANDS

60 61 TONGA

TUVALU Annex 5: Presentations

© UNESCO/A.Takahashi Day 1 1. UNESCO Presentation-Pacific Heritge Workshop 2. Country Report-Cook Islands 3. Country Report-The Republic of Fiji 4. Country Report-FSM 5. Country Report-Solomon Islands 6. Country Report-Tonga 7. Country Report*-Guam 8. Heritage and Archaeology Studies at the University of Guam 9. Palau Association of Libraries Day 2 10. Status Report – Rock Island Southern Lagoon World Heritage Site management 11. Country Report-RMI 12. UNESCO presentation-2001 UCH Convention 13. Protection of UCH in the Pacific 14. UNESCO presentation-1954 Hague Convention 15. Activities of Blue Shield Pasifika 16. The Role of Hague Convention in the Pacific Day 3 17. Professional Certificate in Heritage Management 18. ICOMOS and Pacific 19. Group Discussion by Themes

62 13/03/18 63 1. UNESCO Presentation-Pacific Heritage Workshop

Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972 Convention)

• Protection of natural and Presentations UNESCO Presentation cultural, mixed sites. Annex 5: • States Parties (193). • World Heritage Committee Pacific Heritage Workshop (K rako w, 2 -12 July 2017). (Koror, 30 Aug – 1 Sep 2017) • World Heritage List (1073 properties) • World Heritage List in Danger (54 properties) including East Rennell, Nan Madol. Akatsuki Takahashi, Phd • Pacific World Heritage Action Programme Spec ialist for Culture Plan (2016-2020). UNESCO Office for the Pacific States Day 1 1 2 1. UNESCO Presentation-Pacific Heritge Workshop 2. Country Report-Cook Islands 3. Country Report-The Republic of Fiji 4. Country Report-FSM Pacific World Heritage Action Plan 2016-2020 5. Country Report-Solomon Islands Aims 6. Country Report-Tonga 1. To increase community, national, regional and global awareness of the heritage of the Pacific nations and 7. Country Report*-Guam the contribution of Pacific Island and Ocean heritage to sustainable development. 8. Heritage and Archaeology Studies at the University of Guam 2. To strengthen the foundation for sustainable implementation of the UNESCO World Heritage 9. Palau Association of Libraries Convention in the Pacific states and territories. 3. To build global recognition and support for conservation of the unique heritage of the Pacific through increasing representation of the Pacific Day 2 heritage on the World Heritage List. 10. Status Report – Rock Island Southern Lagoon World Heritage Site management 11. Country Report-RMI 12. UNESCO presentation-2001 UCH Convention 13. Protection of UCH in the Pacific Updated Action Plan 2018-2020 SAMOA Pathway Outcome of 2014 SIDS 14. UNESCO presentation-1954 Hague Convention Regional and National Conference in Samoa: Reference to Culture In this regard, we strongly support the efforts of SIDS; Outcome Activity By whom Timeframe Resources 81. 15. Activities of Blue Shield Pasifika (a) To promote cultural diversity, intercultural dialogue and international c ooperation in the c ultural field in line with applic able international 16. The Role of Hague Convention in the Pacific conventions, in particular those of UNESCO; (b) To leverage and build on the joint work of the WIPO and UNESCO; (c) To develop and strengthen national and regional cultural activities and infrastructures, including through the network of World Heritage Sites, which reinforce local capacities, promote awareness in SIDS, enhance tangible and intangible cultural heritage, including local and indigenous knowledge, and involve local people for the benefit of present and future generations; Day 3 (d) To develop cultural and creative industries, including tourism, that c apitalize on their ric h heritage of and have a role to play in sustainable and inclusive growth; (e) To develop domestic mechanisms to conserve, promote, protect and 17. Professional Certificate in Heritage Management preserve their natural, tangible and intangible cultural heritage practices and traditional knowledge. 18. ICOMOS and Pacific 19. Group Discussion by Themes

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Transversal Role of Culture in SDGs 2015-2030 Key Conventions

Hague Convention and its First Protocol (1954) and 2nd Protocol (1999)

Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972) 36. We pledge to foster intercultural understanding, tolerance, mutual respect and an ethic of global citizenship and shared responsibility. We acknowledge the natural and c ultural diversity of the world and recognize that all cultures and civilizations can contribute to, and are crucial enablers of, sustainable development. Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001) SDG Indicator 11.4.1: Total expenditure per capita spent on the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and natural O ffic e for the Pac ific heritage

Protection of Cultural Property in the event of Armed Conflicts (1954 Hague Convention and Underwater Cultural Heritage Convention 1999 Protocol) (2001 Convention)

• Enhanced Protection (Article 10 • Ensures protection for submerged of the 2nd Protocol). Criminal cultural property against c ommerc ial responsibility and jurisdiction looting and destruction. (Chapter 4). • Providing a state cooperation system • Protection of cultural properties and guidelines in its Annex. in armed conflicts of non- • States Parties (57). international character (Article 22). • First Pac ific Workshop in Solomon I slands in 2009. • States Parties (73). NZ in 2013. • UCH meetings at SIDS Conference in • First ever Pacific Workshop in 2014. Suva, 2016. • Establishment of Interim Blue • UNITWIN network in maritime arc haeology with University of Guam as Shield Pasifika in 2016. 9 associate member. 10

SIDS Partnerships Platform Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Adaptation Pacific Heritage Hub (PHH) Strategy for the Culture Sector

• Regional facility by and for Pacific • PDNA after Cyclone Evan (Dec 2012), Pam (March 2015), peoples established in 2012. Wi nston (Feb 20 16). • Knowledge management, capacity • Chapter on the heritage and building, partnership development. culture sector included. • First Pacific training course on DRR • Hosted at Oceania Centre for Arts and of cultural heritage (Vanuatu Culture at USP. 2015). • N eed to as s i s t capaci ty bu il di ng i n • Active in training activities, FB. Cultural Statistics (National • Steering Committee Meeting (Koror, 2 9 Heritage Register, ICH Inventory). August 2017). • Integrate DRR strategy in Heritage Management Plan and increase • Need to develop PHH strategy. awareness of stakeholders (Ongoing project in L ev u ka)

11 12 64

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The Pacific Youth Development Framework (PYDF) Gender Equality and Heritage Safeguarding 2014-2023

Women and men equally enjoy the right to access, Vision: A sustainable Pacific participate and where all young people – contribute to cultural Women and Men - are safe, life, and benefit from respected, empowered and heritage and creativity. resilient. The role of women and Development outcomes for men in heritage youth: protection and transmission (tangible More young people secure and intangible). decent employment (How about heritage related job?) How gender can be meaningfully integrated More young people participate in heritage safeguarding. in environmental action

Outcomes How ?

1. Updated Action Plan for 2018-2020 and PHH 1. Presentations on the Conventions by strategy UNESCO and experts 2. Better understanding of UCH and Hague 2. Presentations by country delegates Convention and new ratifications 3. Presentations by NGOs 3. Enhanced capacity of Pacific member states for integrated heritage safeguarding for 4. Small group discussions – Topics to be determined by the end of Day 2 sustainable development 5. Final report preparation – Drafting Group and rapporteur

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2. Country Report-Cook Islands

National Cultural Policy 2017 – 2030 National Strategic Plan 2017 – 2030

Legislation (7) a a) Ministry of Cultural Development 1990 b) Public Records Act 1984 c) Cultural and Historical Places Act 1994-95 d) Antiquities and Artefacts Act 1994-95 e) Te Reo Maori Act 2003 f) Cook Islands Traditional Knowledge Act 2013 g) Cook Islands Copyright Act 2013

Ensure the preservation of Cook Islands Three Core Outputs Maori heritage, history & and develop Cook Islands culture, language, local knowledge Output 1 – Cultural Identity $1, 008,247 and Arts Output 2 – Cultural Heritage $ 426,702 Output 3 – Cultural Governance $ 278,030 This goal brings attention to Cook Islands culture and its prevalence in our lives, history and Total Budget $1,710,979 economy. Indicators in this NSDP will include targets around engagement and participation. All budget cost in New Zealand Dollars We must also consider progress with respect to the preservation and promotion of cultural artefacts, traditional knowledge and heritage.

Ratified the Intangible Cultural Heritage Outcome Activity By Whom & Timeframe Resources Stakeholder in 2016 Working progress on tentative listing: Develop a Capacity Gov t , 2018 - 2020 MOC D st a ff Maunga Roa, Avana Passage national Building UN ES CO or and Outer Marae Moana: One of the world's largest heritage Other I sla nd register and Institutions C ult ura l marine park – 1.9 million square database leaders kilometres, legislation approval 2017 ICH mapping Workshop Govt, 2018 - 2020 MOC D S t a ff and Inventory and Capacity UNESCO and and Outer Became a member of WIPO in 2016 Stocktake t ra ining WIPO I sla nd Ratified the Berne Convention in 2017 c ult ura l leaders 66

1 3/13/18 67 2. Country Report-Cook Islands 3. Country Report-The Republic of Fiji

FIJI HERITAGE SAFEGUARDING MEASURES (2016 to 2017)

MEASURE AC TIVITIES & STATUS REPUBLIC OF FIJI Cultural Policy Development of Framework for National Cultural Policy completed in 2016 with Cultural Mapping Report Fiji National Cultural Policy in developing stage – benchmark from Kenya NCP

3 x NCP Cons ultations completed with key stakeholders and nation wide cons ultation upcoming Country Report on Fiji NCP Due to be finalized in Dec 2017 Heritage Decree Public Consultation completed by Standing Committee on Social Affairs on Draft Heritage Decree with key s takeholders and public in Levuka & Suva Implementation of Pacific World Decree Currently with Standing Committee on Social Affairs for presentation to Fiji Parliament and Deadline: Dec 2017 National Heritage Framework of Regis ter and databas e developed, collection of data from key data sources ongoing Heritage Action Plan 2016 -2020 Register & Database World Heritage List 1 x site i.e Historical Port Town of Levuka and no future plans yet for 2nd nomination from Fiji Focus has been on implementation of Management Plan and Legislation promulgation since inscription in 2013,State of Cons ervation Report on Levuka submitted 1st Dec 2016 Tentative List To be reviewed in 2017

Ratification Plans for Ratified W H Convention & ICH Convention World Heritage Cultural Diversity & National Cultural Policy –in the process of ratification, BSP in Pacific which is Mrs Anaseini Kalougata(SWHO) Conventions Secretariat Department of Heriatge and Arts

GOVERNMENT BUDGET FOR HERITAGE SAFEGUARDING (2016 to 2017) GOVERNMENT BUDGET FOR HERITAGE SAFEGUARDING (2016 to 2017)

Y EAR HERITAGE BUDGET INSTITUTION AC TIVITIES & STATUS Y EAR HERITAGE BUDGET INSTITUTION AC TIVITIES & STATUS TY P E ( $ FD) TY P E ( $ FD) 2016 Cultural $150,000 Fiji Museum Cultural Impact Assessment(archaeological sites) 2017 Cultural $100,000 Levuka Town Council U pgrading of L e v u k a T o wn

$232,988 Fiji Museum Fiji Museum Extens ion $150,000 Dept. of Heritage & Arts Cyclone W ins ton Rehab of Levuka WH Structures $91,000 National Trust of Fiji U pgrading of Momi G un site $175,000 Dept. of Heritage & Arts Implementation of Levuka Management Plan key Projec ts $100,000 Levuka Town Council U pgrading of Levuka Town $60,000 Dept. of Heritage & Arts Implementation of LOHT project Outcomes(heritage Touris m for L ev uk a) $0.6m Dept. of Heritage & Arts Cyclone W ins ton Rehab of Levuka WH Structures $100,000 Dept.Heritage & Arts Cultural G rants $175,000 Dept. of Heritage & Arts Implementation of Levuka Management Plan key Natural $698,950 Fiji Museum Thurston G arden U pgrading Projec ts $100,000 Dept.Heritage & Arts Cultural Grants $90,000 National Trust of Fiji U pgrading of YaduatabaIguana Sanctuary

Natural $150,000 Fiji Museum Thurston G arden U pgrading

PROGRESS IN THE PACIFIC WORL D HERITAGE PL AN(2016-2017) FIJI ACTION PLAN(2018-2020)

ACTIONS AT NATIONAL TIMEFRAME AC TIVITIES & STATUS OUTC OME AC TIVITY IMP LEMENTOR TIMEFRAME RESOURC ES LEVEL 1.Cons ervation of Cyclone W ins ton Dept. Heritage, National Trust of Fiji, 2018 -2020 Funding 1. Protec tion – (a) Promulgation, Dec 2017 Public Cons ultation completed by Standing Committee on Social Levuka W orld U pgrading of 80 Levuka Town council & Min of implementation and enforcement of Affairs on Draft Heritage Decree with key stakeholders and public Heritage historical buildings Economy the Fiji Heritage Bill in Levuka & Suva S truc tures Management Plan implementation Decree Currently with Standing Committee on Social Affairs for 2. Awarenes s on Village and Town Dept. Heritage, SG’s Office, Levuka 2018 Funding (Levuka World Heritage site) presentation to Fiji Parliament and Heritage Bill Awareness Town Council, National Trust of Fiji,Fiji Deadline: Dec 2017 sessions on National World Heritage Committee 1. Protec tion – (b)L evuka Ongoing Allocation of budgetary provision to municipal Authority of Heritage Bill Management Plan implementation Levuka town i.e $100,000 by Dept Heritage for 2016 onwards for 3.Awarenes s on Conduct PHH, Dept. Heritage, National Trust of 2018-2019 Funding (Levuka World Heritage site) Implementation of key projects in the LMP, Vetting of MOA for W H Conventions awareness Fiji, Fiji Museum and Fiji National Human Grant by SGs Office,Financial assistsnce sessions on 2 WH World Heritage Committee Res ourc e(Ex pert) 2. Capacity Building (a) Training local 2016 (1) Levuka Tour G uide Training Workshop Conventions i.e U nderw ater community to engage in management (2) Levuka Town Planning Scheme Works hop Cultural Heritage and Convention on 2. Capacity Building – (b) Profes sional 2017 Partner with PHH and WHITRAP for Workshop on Protection of heritage conservation training Heritage/Environment Impact Assessment for Pacific Cultural Properties in event of Armed 3. Sus tainable touris m –(a) Site 2016 Installation of 4 x Main entry signs within WH site boundary Conflict facilities and services for education Launch of 2 new brochures promoting world heritage site to and awarenes s touris ts

3. Sus tainable touris m - (b) Visitor 2016 Levuka Tour G uide Training for 14 local tour guides management 1 x staff engaged ,Visitor Arrival Survey

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THE END

2 3/13/18 69 4. Country Report-FSM

Heritage Safeguarding Measure § FSM Constitution Article 5: Traditional Rights § Pohnpei Constitution Article 5: Tradition § Yap Constitution Article 3: Traditional Leaders and Traditions Historic Preservation Officer Mr. Augustine Kohler § Chuuk Constitution Article 4: Traditional FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA Rights OFFICE OF NATIONAL ARCHIVES, CULTURE AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION

Budget Per Year for Heritage Progress in Pacific World Area Heritage Action Plan 2016-2020 § Budget: $233, 818.00 § Community awareness programs § Developing, reviewing and updating Tentative Lists § Developing successful World Heritage nominations

Update Action Plan For 2018-2020 Outcome Activity By whom a nd Time fra me Resources Stakeholders 1. Ratification Follow up on FSM Office of S ep t emb er o f UCH Resolution/lob NACH 2 0 17 by 2. Removal of Coordinate FSM Office of Jan u ar y 2 0 18 Nan Mad o l with NACH from Danger WHC/Partners List 3. Co mp let e Coordinate FSMNACH Jan u ar y 2 0 18 T r an s- with Yap HPO boundry Yap /Palau Palau HPO Nomination f o cal Partners points/Partner s

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5. Country Report-Solomon Islands

Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management & Meteorology M inis try o f Enviro nm e nt, Clim a te Cha ng e, D is as ter M a nag em ent & (MECDM) Meteorology (MECDM SOLOMON ISLANDS SAFEGUARDS AND MEASURES Democratic Collation for Change Government (DCCG) Statement Policy q 4.2.5.3: Promote a nd Pro te c t Wo rld Heritage sites i n the c o untry

Trevor Maeda q Objective- Senior Conservation Officer Ens ure t he sustai nable utilization a nd c o ns e rva ti o n of natural re s o urc e s , p ro te c ti o n of the e nvi ro nm e nt a nd successfullyc o m b a ti ng the adve rs e e ffe c ts ofclimate c ha ng e . LEGA L FR A M W OR K Pacific Heritage Workshop • PROTECTED AREAS ACT 2010- Current legal mechani sm currentl y i n pl ace that caters for decl arati on of any terrestri al , Koror, Republic of Palau marine, heritage sites or any place of cultural and biological significances in the country. E.g. Declaration of our First Arnavons Isl ands Nati onal Mari ne Park i n Jul y 2017 August 30-2 Sept 2017 • E NVIR O NM E NT ACT 1 9 9 8 - Developments- overseen by the EIA processes (Development Consent)

• FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ACT 2015- has the provision for declaration of marine protected area in the country

• P R O VINCIAL G O VE NR M E NT (Rennell and Bellona)- Heritage ordinance is currently in draft East Rennell L ake Tengano World Heritage Ar ea • ADOP T I ON OF DS COR- TO REM OVE EAST RENNELL LAKE TENGANO FROM I N- DANGER LI STI NG •• ENDORSEMLAKE ENT TENGANO OF CABI NET PAPER EAST with RENNELL num ber of Conclusions WORLD including HERITAGE COMMITTEE- Management Pl an (Draft) • - •- ESTABLIDESIRED SHMENT STATE OF A SIG- CORE OF TEAMCONSERVATION FOR W ORLD HERI TAGE REPORT- Key document for the removal of lak e Tengano from the i n-danger list Environment and Conservation DivisionMinistry of Environment, Climate Change,Disaster - - St op not ice was iss ued t o a logging com pany on ear ly Apr il 2017 Management and Meteorology. P. O .B o x 2 1, Vavaya Ridge, Honiara. - A DRAFT ROADMAP FOR EAST RENNELL LAKE TENGANO WAS INPLACE AFTER THE STAKEHOLDERS ROUNDTABLE M EETI NG ON 16TH - 18TH AUGUS T Phone: (677) 2 60 36 ,Fa x : (6 77 ) 25 08 4 ,E ma i l :[email protected] ov .sb

Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management & Meteorology Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management & Meteorology (MECDM (MECDM ALLOCATION FOR EAST RENNELL LAKE TENGANO PROGRAM SIG Commitment-Progress in Im plem en tation of World Heritage Action Plan 2016-2020 - Fa c to re d und e r t he Mid Te rm Development Bud g e t u nd e r t he Component WHS-ER pro gram s i nc e 2012 wi t h ve ry limited b ud g e t, ho we ve r in 20 17, awaiti ng the outcome of 1. C a b in e t En d or s em en t 2016 the s ta ke ho l d e rs / ro und ta b l e meeting A NO TE D In Danger S tatus of E RWHS and the underlying factors of its status

- For 201 7 (E CD )- t he allocation (approx-S BD2 00, 000 ) wa s intended to support/establish a B APPROVED Th e Pipeline of Initiatives te mpo rary te c hni c a l pe rs o n on t he g ro und to pro vide s upport to the c ur re nt LTWHS C DIRECTED MECDM to consult with the landowners including LTWHA and the relevant stakeholders to c o m m i tte e - ( no t ye t d o ne , ho we ve r, proposed a fte r t he o utc o m e of t he ro u nd ta b l e register the ERWHS as a Protected area meeting). D DIRECTED M CT t o revive its development assistance to ERWHS through an inclusive sustainable - Also to Support fut ure c o ns ul ta ti o ns on Pro te c te d Are as , Finalization of t he Management community- integrated tourism development program package for ERWHS plana nd awareness materials E ENDORSED The improvement of road access and the upgradi ng of the Ti n goa airstrip in West R e n nell - Inaddition- t he c a b i ne t decisions a nd t he outcome ofthe ro u nd ta b l e pro vide s the basis to for immediate implementation delegate responsibilities to o the r line Ministries to budget/commit some of the i r fund i ng ' s to wa rd s Wo rld Heritage Pro gram. F DIRECTED The Ministry of Infrastructure Development to provide technical and funding support for the road improvement and the airstrip development - Ot he r p o te nti a l p a r tne rs fo r re s o urc ing of t he WHS -Eas t Re nne l l - IU CN , CEPF , Small Gra nts G DIRECTED The commissioner of Forest and the Minister of Forestry and Research to revok e and or Pro gram U NDP, S PR EP (In vas ive ),U ni ve rs itie s , Live a nd L e a rn, Birdlife however WHS needs refuse granting any felling license within all the area at East of Rennellof the World capacities inlegislationa nd g o ve rna nc e . Heri tage Site as the map k ept at the Mi ni stry of E nvironment,Cli mate Change, Di saster Management and Meteorology and more particularly the Northern border described As 160” 20’ 34” E-11 “39’52”; Southern boundary 160” 18’15” E-11 “43’6”S

Ministry of Environment, Climate Change, Disaster Management & Meteorology Cont.. (MECDM 2.Establishment of a S IG-CORE team for World Her itage in Febr uar y 2017 - Comprises of ME CD M reps, MCT r eps and ME HRD r eps.

3.D SOC Report S ubm itted and Endorsed by WHC in July 2017

4.S top notice was issued to a logging company landing in July 2017 TAGIO TUMAS..

5.Follow-up mission was conducted ECD staff and the S IG-core team *The governance issue among community member resolved *The community echoed strong suppor t towar ds the pr ogr am

6.Stakeholders Roundtable Meeting was conducted in Aug 2017

7.Action Plan 2018-2020- Factored in the final report of the stakeholders r oundtable

1 3/13/18 71 5. Country Report-Solomon Islands 6. Country Report-Tonga

1: Heritage safeguarding measures

TONGA WORLD HERITAGE REPORT i. National Cultural Policy Directions and Strategies

a. established national committee and set up local committees for cultural and natural Heritage and develop clear TOR for local co m mit t e es

b. Build education and awareness programs for the promotion of national cultural and natural heritage

c. conduct inv e ntory and develop database of cultural and natural heritage, complete the WH nomination, collaborate with stakeholders (Land, Environment, Community, education) on developing programs that facilitate awareness, and deeper understanding and to manage heritage sites including conservation program.

d. develop legal framework to support the protection, promotion and development of cultural and natural heritage;

M r. Semisi Tong ia

iii. Links to National Priorities (TSDF II 2015-2025)

TSDF II was embedded within the foundations of our national Motto and culture. It ii. Legislation states “Our Motto … [and] Our … Culture - influenced by competing value systems, some supporting progress and others retarding it, - provides the foundation upon Most heritage sites are either belong to individual or nobles. Very few which the results framework is set.”p.1 5 under government. No legal protection only customary, and traditional protection measures – particularly depends on the connection between the community/land owners and the properties, if connection strong, Pillar 2: Social Institutions property well looked after and vise versa. • Organisational Outcome 2.3 More appropriate social and cultural practices which help maintain the positive aspects of our Tongan identity...

Until comprehensive national legislation is enacted, heritage site may be protected at the national level by The Environment Act 2010, E nv ironme nt Assessment Act 2003 and Regulations 2010 and The Parks and Reserves Act 1976

iii. Links to National Priorities (TSDF II 2015-2025) 2: World Heritage List and the Tentative List (and its update) T SDF II Outcome 7: “Cultural awareness, environmental sustainability, disaster risk management and climate change adaptation, integrated into all planning and implementation of programmes, by establishing and adhering to appropriate procedures • Ancient Capital of Tonga: The Ancient Royal Tombs and consultation mechanisms. - draft nomination submitted to UNESCO September 2016 for completeness analysis c hec k Culture Division Objective • Outcome objective 2 - c ompleteness analysis c hec k feedbacks received Dec 2016. To protect, promote and develop Tonga’s cultural and natural heritage; to protect underwater cultural heritage and sky and air space; and to encourage Government of Tonga to implement Recommendations: inte rnational c onv e ntions . - No major rewriting; Outcome Objective 3 - Number sequence to follow a formal numbering system i. e, 1, 2, 3, etc; To support all educational sectors (formal, non-f o rm al and inf o rm al) in the protection, promotion and development of culture. - formatting – according to Operational Guidelines 2015; - Buffer Zone must be clearly identified before final submission Feb 2018, Ou tcome Objectiv e 5 • To support the National Cultural Legislation to include protection, - Management System is adequate promotion and development of Tongan culture.

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3. Ratification plan of UNESCO Heritage Conventions Challenges

• Buffer Zone – households are reluctant to evacuate, results on • 1954 Hague reduced buffer zone. • Some of the tombs are within the individual properties • 1970 Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property • Property area need to be redesigned • 2001 Underwater Cultural Heritage • 2005 Cultural Diversity

Curre nt Plan A cabinet paper is underway for the purpose of Tonga ratify the • Submit final draft nomination dossier – Jan 2018 above conventions. • Submit Ha’amonga Trilithon to UNESCO Heritage Tentative List 2019

Slide 5: Updated Pacific World Heritage 4: Government budget per year for heritage safeguarding Action Plan for 2018-2020

Ministry of Tourism – 5 m = 0.84 % of N ati on al Bud get O utc ome Ac tivity timeframe Resources

1 Protection of • National Register and Database 2018 - Tonga, Culture Div. - 0 .8m = 16% of MOT Budget= 0 .1 4% of N ati onal Budget, Heritage sites • Legislation for Safeguarding of heritage sites 2020 ICHCAP, • Legislation to identify/declare and protect the so-called ‘traditional U N ESCO, Budget building’ – this requires further dis cus s ion as it contradicts with S PC, O thers constitutional rights 0.8m - only $6 500 for Heritage Management and

conservation 2 Heritage Site • Develop management plan for Heritage site–W H nomination of end 2017 Management Ancient Capital • Climate Change Impacts and mitigation • Ris k reduction and ris k preparednes s • Public Adaptation Awarenes s Programmes

3 Nat io n al • In t er -agen cy, in t er -o r gan isat io n , in ter -community and 2018- SP C, ICOMOS, Awareness and in t er -country dialogue - dialogue with Land, Attorney 2020 IUCN, Tonga, Capacity Building General, Education, HIST, ICHCAP • Her it age co n ser vat io n t r ain in g Ot h er s • Training local community to engage in the management o f h er it age sit es –WH nomination • Awareness amongst local communities, politicians, government officials, decision makers and the general public • School programmes • Risk preparedness training

4 . WH Nomination Submit final draft nomination Feb Prince Claus 2018 Fund, UNESCO

5. Submit • Draft submission to UNESCO Tentative List 2019 Prince Claus Fund Ha’amo n ga (Heket a ENESCO, Compound) Trilithon to WH Ten t at ive List

2 3/13/18 73 7. Country Report*-Guam

⏎ * ² Cultural Strategy, policy and legislatio n and their linkage to National Development Plan - Guam’s strategy for both Heritage Tourism and Historic and Cultural Resources Preservatio n - is to vigorously pursue restoring, rehabilitat i ng, and reconstructi ng historic sites and buildings; continue funding cultural events and non-profit organizations that provide knowledge on traditiona l *COUNTRY PRESENTATION medicine, traditional dancing, and such traditiona l preservatio n efforts. Presenters: Lynda Bo rd a llo Aguon and Dr. Bill Jeffery (Slide 2)

²National Heritage Register and Database ² Ratification Plan of UNESCO Heritage Conventions (1954,1970,1972, 2001 Conventions) - The Guam Historic Resources Division aka State Guam is a Territory of the United States. Historic Preservation Office under the The U.S has ratified the 1972 World Heritage Department of Parks and Recreation, maintains Convention; the 1970 UNESCO Convention on the the Guam Inventory of Historic Properties. Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit There are approximately 130 sites of “National” Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural historical significance listed in the Unites States Property; and the 1954 Hague Convention for the National Register of Historic Places. Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. ² World Heritage List and the Tentative List (and its update). There are plans to document It has not ratified the 2001 UNESCO Underwater for potential WH listing the Latte of the Cultural Convention. Mariana Islands.

* * - Approximately $15 million if we consider all the agencies and departments that receive public funds for preservation and presentation efforts, be it the Guam Museum, humanities councils, historic districts foundations, immersion schools, and other such entities and foundations. - Budget does not include the Tourist Attraction Fund. Millions are collected from hotel occupancy taxes. Funds from the TAF have been used to restore and reconstruct historic properties, such as the Plaza de Espana, the Malesso Bell Tower, the Fest Pac huts, and so forth.

(Slide 4) (Slide 3)

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- Outcome: To coordinate with other entities to develop a National Development Plan - linking the various Cultural Heritage Plans. - Time frame to produce a “Draft” NDP – 2 years. - Resources: SHPO, Guam Legislature, Guam Visitors Bureau, Guam Preservation Trust, Guam Museum, Dept. of Chamorro Affairs, Guam, Hagatna Foundation, Historic Village District Foundation, and so forth. Slide 5

2 3/13/18 75 8. Heritage and Archaeology Studies at the University of Guam

Heritage and Archaeology studies at the UoG: Good to Great University of Guam (UoG)

Dr. Bill Jeffery Assistant Professor, Archaeology

Robert Underwood eagerly embraces the challenge of helping island communities take on issues related to change and building a sustainable future that continues our essence as islanders, protects our islands and oceans and builds strong societies and economies

Heritage and Archaeology Courses at UoG

• AN 101, Introduction to Anthropology • AN 203, Introduction to Archaeology • AN 369, Introduction to Maritime Archaeology • AN 381, Asia-Pac ific Maritime Arc haeology • AN 369, Preserving Cultural Heritage • AN 462, Advanced Field Methods, Archaeology

UoG has been teaching Archaeological courses for a number of years.

In 2015 as part of the President’s G2G initiative, the Anthropology program is focusing more on the Anthropology associated with Oceans

Internships: Archaeology and Heritage are broad and Guam Historic Preservation Office, Guam Preservation Trust, Boston Bureau holistic studies, so we: of Underwater Archaeology, Palau Historic Preservation Office • Engage with local communities, college and high school students • Collaborate inter-disciplinary and multi-disc iplinary • Engage with Guam government agencies • Engage with NGOs • Engage with USA Federal government agencies • Engage with Arc haeologic al Professionals • Engage with Micronesian agencies and communities • Engage with broader regional communities and agencies (Hong Kong, Philippines, Indonesia) and • Engage with International groups such as UNESCO

• Through research, training (university field schools, avocational training) and development of projects

• Students have found jobs with Local, Regional Archaeology firms and Preservation Offices (and in USA Mainland as intern)

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• Assists in capacity building and research into underwater cultural heritage through a network of: • Universities working in the field of underwater archaeology Maritime Archaeology • Currently 27 Universities world-wide that implement training and workshops—University of Guam is an Associate Member • Teaching Maritime Archaeology Field Schools in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2017

• Multidisciplinary and Holistic in approach

• Students from Guam, Micronesia, USA, Australia

• So me o f t h ese st u d en t s h ave go n e o n t o co mp let e Mast er s programs

• Field schools and projects outside of Guam in the future

http://www.underwaterarchaeology.net

Students recording Saina canoe Seabee Junk Yard

Survey of landing craft at Agat

Field school activities

Coconut Tr ee R emo val Device

Corrosion meas urements on amtrac Japanese aircraft propeller Dozers/Tractors

Corrosion studies 2009, 2011, 2017

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Three-dimensional surveying and biological surveys

https://skfb.ly/6s EKU 3D Photogrammetry Spring, 2016, Yap ethnoarchaeological studies: Canoes, Stone Money and Fish Weirs

Partners

• The Tamil res ources Cons ervation trust • Yap Historic Preservation Offic e

Aech and Rai surveys An at o my o f Yap ese can o e

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Students found: relevance in their research

• Micronesians are committed to preserving their ancient artifacts, as well as the living traditions that give them meaning.

• Skills in woodcarving, canoe building, navigation and architecture have been passed down from one generation to the next, but are gradually disappearing.

• People welcome changes that improve their standard of living, but they do not want to sacrifice their histories and cultures

Spring 2017: Guam Latte survey https://skfb.ly/6qCCB

4 3/13/18 79 9. Palau Association of Libraries

ABOUT PAL

PALAU u Non-Profit Organization u Chartered 1999 u 52 Active M ember ship ASSOCIATION OF u Ministry of Community and Cultural Affairs

u Judiciary LIBRARIES u Primary & Secondary Schools (Private & Public) u Post Secondary ( Palau Community College) PACIFIC HERITAGE WORKSHOP 30 AUGUST – SEPTEMBER 02, 2017

Mission Statement Vision Statement

The Palau Association of Libraries serves the informational, educational, The Palau A ssociat ion of Libr ar ies is t he leading advocat e f or t he Palau cultural, and recreational needs of all members of the community library community. To build an engaged libr ar y and infor mation by providing access to professional staff, up-to-date technology, and community that is an active force in Palau’s social, economic and quality material, programs and services. In addition, Palau Association cultural development. of Libr ar ies is to be the r ecognized voice of and suppor t to Palau’s library communities.

The purpose of the organization u To lobby for legislation in support of Palau’s libraries.

u To provide a forum for discussing issues of interest to Palau’s librarians and related u To promote public awareness of library resources and services in per sonnel. the Republic of Palau. u To encourage networking, cooperation, and resource sharing u To become affiliated with and maintain good membership in the among the libraries of Palau. Pacific Is lan ds Ass ociation of Libraries , Archives an d Mus eu ms (PIALA) and other library associations as may promote the interests u To wor k with other community gr oups and educator s to develop and pr omote pr ogr am s t o incr ease lit er acy and pr om ot e r eading in Palau. of Palau ’s libraries. u To seek continuing education opportunities for Palau’s library and information ser vices per sonnel. u To collect f ees, accumulate and expend f unds on behalf of the Association. u To identify potential funding sources for the improvement of Palau’s libraries. u To engage in activities which ar e r easonably r elated to the stated pur poses of PAL.

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Challenges u To develop in the member s a lif e-long interest in libraries and continuous improvement of their library skills. u Libr ar ians and Suppor t St af f u To protect and promote the mutual interests of its members. u Professional Development u To actively suppor t the impr ovement, development and maintenance of active u Wo rld His to ry member libr ar ies. u World Historical Sites of Value u To promote and streamline the flow of information among u Library Facilities m em ber libraries . u Storage, Archiving, Filing, and Restoration of Old Books u To adm inist er t he Kar en Peacock M em or ial Scholar ship; t o f undr aise and u Resour ces manage donations; to appoint Grant/Scholarship Committee u Outdated Books, Discontinued Books w/ no Duplicates, u To support the activities of the Palau Bookmobile; to implement the Palau u Dissemination Of Information Book mobile pr oject; to pr omote the objectives of the Palau Book mobile; to solicit donations and support to ensure that the project perpetuates; to work with the u Lack of Records, Videos, and other Archived Books with Historical Value Palau Book mobile Committee to expend f unds f or the Book mobile Pr oject on u Priorities behalf of the Association. u Par tner Agencies

2 3/13/18 81 10. Status Report – Rock Island Southern Lagoon World Heri- tage Site Management

OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE :

Koror State Palau Nat io n al Go vt Go ver n men t (NAT CO M) MIXED UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE

1. NATURAL CRITERIA

UNE S CO World Heritage Site List 2. CULTURAL CRITERIA June 29, 2012

RISL = first area in Palau awarded

1 of 35 sites in the World inscribed as a Mixed Site

Cont…SAFEGUARDING THE RISL: SAFEGUARDING THE RISL: Series of legislations and measures that protect the RISL :

1. RISL Management Plan 2012-2016 1. Department of State and Cultural Affairs **Building upon National Laws (protect cultural sites w/thin (A). Revisions and Update in Progress (contracted with RISL Partner (The Nature Conservancy) **Survey completed: All cultural sites w/thin RISL Time Frame: 2017-mid 2018 **12 Registered Sites RISL ** 2 Restored Sites in the RISL (Ulong, Ngeremdiu) 2. Koror State Public Laws **Pending legislation on: Establishment of a State Cultural * Koror State Rock Island Management Conservation Act Site Registry (Koror State Legislature) subsequent amendments: 2008 & 2009 ** Regulates ACTIVITIES in the RISL (Protection & Conservation) 2 50 sites id en tif ied /sur veyed 2 3 Register ed Sites in Kor or States

Cont…SAFEGUARDING THE RISL: Series of legislations and measures that protect the RISL : Cont…SAFEGUARDING THE RISL: Series of legislations and measures that protect the RISL : 2. Building & Zoning Laws *stringent screening criteria on any type of building & 5. Koror State Legislature development (along coastline), mangroves, low-laying **Enactment of Laws areas, watersheds that might impact quality of the RISL **Partner Review/Evaluation in Recommendations for new 3. Koror State Public Lands Authority (KSPLA) or additional measures *RISL (public land) - Committees (Environment, Tourism, R&D, *KSPLA (trustee) - any disputes re: ownership Finance, JGA, Cultural Affairs) **Oversight (to ensure implementation & enforcement) 4. Department of Finance/Treasury **Permitting System (implementing conditions) **Revenue Generating Measure (fund implementation operations and other supporting departments

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RISL MANAGEMENT PLAN 1. Goal 1: Biodiversity / Natural System Health Enhancement (maintaining biological diversity; species habitats, eco- 5 – Key Management Goals and Objectives : processes, environmental quality NATURAL & CULTURAL COMPONENTS of THE RISL (MIXED Maintain the full range ad richness of biological diversity, species habitats, ecological processes and high environmental quality of the RISL. SITE) O BJECTIVE ACTIVITY STATUS / OUTCOME

1.1. Surveys of valuable 1.1.1. Co n du ct su rvey o f Ng er u mekao l - expansion of food fish in the RISL valuable food fish species, boundary to include Bu mp h ead are conducted. including fish habitats S p aw n in g S it e (amen d ed leg (P ICRC) –spawning 1976)

1.3. Biological baseline 1.3.5.Co n du ct bird Annual survey - Bird Monitoring data within the R IS L has been developed, focusing d iver sit y su r vey in t h e Plan Co mp let ed f o r RIS L on key ter r estr ial and RIS L . (BNM) m ar ine species.

Goal 1: continue Biodiversity / Natural System Health Enhancement Goal 2: Subsistence and Commercial Fisheries Improvement Subsistence and commercial fishing and other extractive activities in the RISL are environmentally (maintaining biological diversity; species habitats, eco-processes, and economically sustainable and culturally compatible, and provide continues benefits to the environmental quality) people of Koror and Palau. O BJECTIVE ACTIVITY STATUS / OUTCOME O BJECTIVE ACTIVITY STATUS / OUTCOME 1.6. Strategies and 1.6.2. Conduct survey of In vasive S p ecies Man ag emen t 2.1. Ensure fisheries Create clear no-take Dif f er en t d eg r ees o f p r o t ect io n plans have been major invasive species to Plan Co mp let ed assess priority p r o bl ems in are sustainable by zones informed by the / zo n es: developed and decreasing fishing R ISL findings of the fish implemented to Annual Monitoring of Invasive pressure in the RISL species in RISL (include surveys and other 6 MPAs prevent the All Dive and Snorkel Sites establishment of r emo val) information on critical/breeding habitat new terrestrial or Co mp let e Pr o ject : Rat marine invasive Monitor/Enforcement of Compliance F act o r species, and reduce Eradication in Ng ean g es Par t n er Ag en cy: IC Nat io n al an d S t at e L aw s the distribution and (size an d o p en /clo se area covered by season) existing invasive species in the RISL.

Goal 2: continue: Subsistence and Commercial Fisheries Goal 3: Cultural and Historical Preservation Improvement Nurture and sustain Palauan culture by preserving and maintaining the landscapes, archaeological features and oral traditions associated with the stonework w illa g e sites in th e RISL, and preserve Koror’s historical sites.

O BJECTIVE ACTIVITY STATUS / OUTCOME O BJECTIVE ACTIVITY STATUS / OUTCOME

2.3. Aquaculture wit hin 2.3.2. Assess the number 3.1. Koror State 3.1.1. Establish a Koror Draft Bill to establish state t he R ISL is in and status of existing Number of Active Clam Farms in Government has State registry for all registry – u n d er co mmit t ee accordance with Koror aquaculture s ites the RISL = 46 developed a program for cultural sites and r eview Ko r o r S t at e L eg islat u r e State Government protecting and features, and establish a aquaculture zones and 2.3.4. Work with the Monitoring for Compliance, rehabilit at ing cult ural timeline for the inclusion regulations Environmental Quality Security, and Quality of Water sites and features in the of cultural sites/features Protection Board to ensure and Environment (DCLE) RISL, including the in the RISL. consistent water quality creation of a State monitoring of the registry, and the aquaculture sites. development of protocols and plans. 82

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Goal 3:continue:Cultural and Historical Preservation Goal 3: continue Cultural and Historical Preservation

O BJECTIVE ACTIVITY STATUS / OUTCOME O BJECTIVE ACTIVITY STATUS / OUTCOME 3.3. 50% of the Koror- 3.3.3. Develop 10 year s an n u al Cu lt u r al 3.2. At least three cult ural 3.2.1. Conduct survey to Develo p T r ail (access) based schools are awareness Summer Program by KSG State sites (ie, at tourist activity assess sites and Restoration of Settlements (old exposed to information materials/education and Cultural Affairs in areas) that are in critical prioritize for villages) on, and the value and programs for the partnership with PCC need of care or rehabilitation the importance of the rehabilitation have been Ulo n g RISL, including the * * lo cal exp er t s: RISL to Koror’s identified and a plan for Ng er emd iu sharing of oral cult ural heritage 1. Oral History t heir rehabilit at ion Ng ean g es traditions collected developed from the RISL. 2. T r ad it io n al Ar t s & Cr af t s -ch an t s, d an ces, w eavin g , **bird watching, botanical car vin g , t o o ls, an d p r act ices (d if f er en t p lan t s an d t r ees/ E n d emic S p ecies) – alleviating pressure from marine-based tourism to cultural-based tourism

Goal 4: Tourism, Recreation, and Economic Enhancement High quality tourism and recreational activities in the RISL are environmentally and economically sustainable culturally and provide benefits to the people of Koror and Palau. O BJECTIVE ACTIVITY STATUS / OUTCOME 4.1 Enhance tourism guidelines Implement: Tour Guide Certification Certified Tour Guides in RISL and regulations with tour industry Progra m **environment Goal 5: Koror State Government Institutional Capacity to ensure: **culture Specialized Recruitment / Hiring: **s afety/regulations Development (A) compliance for the protection and conservation of site. Tourism Liaison Officer Improve the institutional capacity of Koror State Government to effectively manage the RISL, Engage with tour operators/companies focusing on strengthening regulatory frameworks, enforcement and surveillance, and building (B) Ensure sustainable and low- Public Education/Social Marketing impact tourism Coordinator Increased awareness relationships and communication with key organizations and stakeholders relevant to the **tour indus try imp lementatio n o f activities. (C) Strengthen, enhance, and **s chools balance natural-based and culture **c ommunities based tourism (alleviate pressure Rangers Chief O BJECTIVE ACTIVITY STATUS / OUTCOME Increased compliance (D) Enhance visitor experience to Effective Monitoring & Surveillance 5.2. Enhancement of (1) Full implementation of 1. 24/7 Rotational Schedule the RISL (local/visitor) (safeguarding) Koror State Ngemelis Outpost and (presence of Rangers) Standardized Operations Government’s replication at other Chief, Coastal Management Develop Monitoring Plans capacity to sites Align program with Management PlanGoals -scheduled Milk y W a y -Budget Allocation & Design effectively carry out (supervisory level) Floating Outpost Complete Coastal Management Officers / enforcement and Conservation Officers Implement ecological and socio-economic component of desired outcome surveillance (2) Jelly Fish Lake 2. On-site activity monitoring activities in the R ISL Outpost Increase of Existing Staff (Rangers) Department Res truc ture and -Inner Lake Rangers **specialized positions and increasing Reclassification of Positionsto better Monitoring Outpost staffing to deliver package implement Management Plan

Goal 5: continue Koror State Government Institutional Goal 5: continue Koror State Government Institutional Capacity Development Capacity Development O BJECTIVE ACTIVITY STATUS / OUTCOME O BJECTIVE ACTIVITY STATUS / OUTCOME 5.2. Enhancement of (3) Excel-based boat 3.D ata-input(all process) 5.2. Enhancement of (4) Establish a Secure Koror State registration,(c ommercial/ EXC EL Koror State VHF Channel -BoatFleet, Posts, Central Government’s personal) *Networked Database Government’s (posts, boats, base- -Maintenance Protocol maintenance system) -Radio Communication Protocol capacity to *visiting vessels AC C ESS capacity to (Cruising *Permit & Live- (radio communication effectively carry out **Computer Plus (Pilot) effectively carry out Aboard System by protocol) enforcement and legislation) enforcement and KSG (legal dept: legal process surveillance **C it at ions (legal dept) surveillance (5) Cross-Border MOU with Peleliu State thru judicial system) activities in the R ISL activities in the R ISL Shared Regulations APC O and Enforcement National/State **Research Permit (boundary states) Screening, Monitoring, Reporting (internal screening & (permit process – D CL E) E.G. German Channel implementation) MOU with Peleliu State

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Goal 5: continue Koror State Government Institutional Goal 5: continue Koror State Government Institutional Capacity Development Capacity Development O BJECTIVE ACTIVITY STATUS / OUTCOME O BJECTIVE ACTIVITY STATUS / OUTCOME 5.2. Enhancement of (6) Improve Capacity of Trainings & Workshops: 5.2. Enhancement of (8) Develop SOPs Over 50% SOPs complete Koror State Rangers for Ranking System -Report Writing ( c itation, etc .) Government’s improved -UXO Detection and Removal Koror State Government’s Adequate -Search & Rescue/Recovery capacity to surveillance and -PADI (diving certifications) enforcement -FIR ST AID & C PR capacity to Equipment -Equipment Maintenance effectively carry out -Boarding -H AZMAT effectively carry out enforcement and -Routine Checks vs. Incident -UNDERWATER Archeological enforcement and surveillance Survey Response surveillance activities in the R ISL -Investigations activities in the R ISL -Boarding (vessels) (9) Develop links for Cross-Check Procedures -Professional Work Ethics accurate -Rock Island and JFL Permits -Ecological Monitoring implementation and -Special Permits enforcement of varying -Waivers (7) Ensure Adequate permitting processes -Vouchers Staffing and Technical Hiring more Rangers (Finance) -Manifest Support (more Rangers) -Bulk Purchases

Goal 5: continue Koror State Government Institutional Goal 5: continue Koror State Government Institutional Capacity Development Capacity Development O BJECTIVE ACTIVITY STATUS / OUTCOME O BJECTIVE ACTIVITY STATUS / OUTCOME 5.3. S tr engthen r elationships 5.3.2. Identifying and K ey Implementing P artners: and com m unication between strengthening the partnership (Developed P ar tner ships) 5.2. Enhancement of (9) Develop links for **vessel entries/cruising permits KSG and or ganizations with key organizations which will 1. National Gover nm ental involved in the im plem entation be instrumental in the long-term Agencies Koror State accurate **live aboard, boat (commercial / of activities, and with key management of the RISL Government’s implementation and personal) stakeholder s/ r esour ce user s 2. Resear ch P ar tner s: (PARTNERSHIPS) -PICRC, CRRF capacity to enforcement of varying **tour operations business permitting processes licenses 3. NGOs: effectively carry out -P CS (P olicy & P lanning) (Finance) ***vessel grounding, spills -TNC (P olicy & Planning, Tech enforcement and ( EQPB) S upport surveillance ***HPO (cultural & historical -RARE activities in the R ISL sites) -IC 4. Tour Industr y & P r ivate S ector (Implementation & Compliance) -BTA, PVA, COC, BBA 5. C om m unity P ar tner ships Develop and Maintain dedicated -Maiberel, Ipang-S eineng, WEBSITE for the RISL Y outh Groups, S chools, Fishermen, (www.kororstategov.com ) S enior Citizens Center

Revenues generated through the Koror State Government – RISL Permitting Process Guardians of the Koror State Rock Islands 1. Rock Island permit Southern Lagoon 2. Jellyfish Lake permit 3. Fishing license 4. Special permit – Discounted “It is an incalculable added pleasure to any one’s 2012 2013 2014 2015 sum of happiness if he or she grows to know, even

$7,061,790.00 $8,298,130.00 $11,164,115.00 $13,715,535.00 slightly and imperfectly, how to read and enjoy the wonder-book of nature and one’s cultural identity” (someone very important, once said) 84

4 3/13/18 85 11. Country Report-RMI

HERITAGE SAFEGUARDING MEASURES

REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS • Agenda 20/20 Framework COUNTRY PRESENTATION AT THE § Th e review an d amen d men ts t o t he cu rrent Hist oric P reservat ion Legislat ion • The Historic Preservation Office under the Ministry of CIA will be housed in the Alele PACIFIC HERITAGE WORKSHOP Museum for better coordination and implementation of projects and activities Koror, Republic of Palau • The College of the Marshall Islands has created a new program on Marshallese studies

August 30 to September 1, 2017 • The Ministry of Internal Affairs is now the Ministry of Culture and Internal Affairs to emphasize the importance of cultural heritage

GOVERNMENT BUDGET PROGRESS IN PACIFIC WORLD HERITAGE ACTION PLAN 2016 TO 2020

ALE LE BUDGE T T Y P E O F T Y P E O F DO NATIO NS 1. RMI’s Historic Preservation Plan soon to be completed M USE UM FUNDING EXPENDITURE 2. 2 2 C u lt u ral Resou rce Officer b een select ed in t he Local G overn men tC ommunit ies ALELE MUSEUM $ 178,000 National Oper a tion $64K – IMLS 3. Ministry of Internal Affairs now Ministry of Cultural and Internal Affairs HPO $ 75,000 National Oper a tion $ 236,000 US Government Oper a tion 4. Culture, Historic & Copyright Office recently created in the Ministry of CIA MARSHALLESE National Faculty, operating 5. Continue Public Awareness STUDIES PROGRA M 6. Recen tly Party to WIPO C on vention

UPDATED ACTION PLAN FOR 2018 - 2020 UPDATED ACTION PLAN FOR 2018 - 2020 O ut com e Activity St akeholders Timeframe Resources

National inventory Conduct survey Alele, CMI, MIMA, 2018 - 2020 Funding O ut com e Activity St akeholders Timeframe Resources and assessment of and assessment C RO, Technical support historical sites Pr otec tion a nd Youths and MIMA, Alele, CIA, 2018 – 2023 Funding and preservation of Climate Change – EPA, MIYC, local technical Strategic Plan & National MIMA, CSOs , 2018 - 2020 Funding historical/heritage leaders, assistance Policy for national consultation with Pr iv a te s ec tor s , Technical support s ites Employ youths to landowners, CROs and local stakeholders CMI, Alele pr otec t a r tifa c ts governments and historical sites fr om coas tal Heritage National & Local MIMA, CRO, land 2018 - 2020 Funding and er os ion Conservation and Training owners, local technical support Management Wor ks hops , leaders, Alele fr om donor Awareness partners

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KOMMOOL TATA

QUESTIONS ????????????? ?? ?

2 3/13/18 87 12. UNESCO presentation-2001 UCH Convention

WHAT IS UNDERWATER CULTURAL HERITAGE?

3 Million an cient sh i pw r e ck s Extensive prehistoric submerged landscapes AN OCEAN FULL OF HISTORY Hundreds of sun k en cities & offering sites Prehistoric data: For 90% of human existence, sea levels have been lower than present by as much as 130 m The importance of underwater cultural heritage and of the UNESCO 2001 The most promising archaeological resource of the future. Convention for the Pacific. The biggest museum of the world.

UNDERWATER CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE PACIFIC WHY IS IT I MPO RTAN T?

Factor for Cultural Identity WWI and WWII w r e ck s Educational Resource Ancient sh ip w r e ck s Data Source on the impact of past Sunken villages climate change Sunken Stone M on e y Important Asset for Tourism Fish Weirs (see UNESCO Book « UCH of Oc ea n ia »)

HOW ENDANGERED IS UNDERWATER HERITAGE?

Increasing seabed wo r k Important Trawling destruction Ongoing souvenir hu ntin g of divers Impact of Climate Change Dynamite Fishing Commercial tre asu re -hu nt

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HOW TO PROTECT UNDERWATER CULTURAL WHY IS LEGAL PROTECTION HERITAGE? NECESSARY? The 2001 Convention on the Protection of the U n d er w a t er Cultural Heritage Protects UCH in all waters, incl. international waters. The first step in effective heritage protection is legal protection. Harmonizes the protection of underwater heritage wi t h that o f heritage on land. Certain national laws and pre-existing international law do Creates a c o mm on voice of all not comprehensively protect underwater cultural heritage. nations.

THE LIMITS OF NATIONAL LAWS AT SEA WHY ARE NATIONAL LAWS NOT SUFFICIENT? Territorial Sea & Contiguous Z one – States have full jurisdiction Exclusive Economic Z one past the Contiguous Z one – States have limited jurisdiction High S ea and the Ar ea – States only have jurisdiction over their own citizens Many national laws do not yet protect underwater cultural and f lag vessels heritage, or still favor commercial interests over heritage protection. National laws, in general, do not apply outside the national territory.

INTERNATIONAL LAW AND UCH

The most r elevant inter national tr eaties f or under water cult ur al her it age ar e:

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE (Montego Bay, 1982)– global treaty on jurisdiction at sea; only marginally touches upon underwater cultural heritage LAW OF THE SEA

The UNESCO 2001 Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (Paris, 2001) – global t r eat y specifically dealing with underwater cultural heritage

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UNCLOS

• UNCLOS contains only two regulations on underwater cultural heritage (Articles 149 and 303)

• These pr ovide pr otection up to the limits of the contiguous zone, ar e ver y gener al and per m it com m er cial salvage THE UNESCO 2001 CONVENTION

• In particular, Article 303 para. 3 stipulates that “Nothing in this article af f ect s … the law of salvage …”

THE CONTENT OF THE 2001 CONVENTION THE DEFINITION OF UNDERWATER CULTURAL Ø Ethical principles (pr otection, no treasure-hunt, consider ation of in situ pr otection) HERITAGE Ø Str ong site pr otection measur es Ø State cooperation mechanism for int. waters Ø Scientif ic guidelines f or under water ar chaeology (The Annex) The Convention def ines under water cultur al her itage as: ‘all traces of human existence having a cultural, historical or archaeological Ø No regulations regarding the ownership of her itage. No character which have been partially or totally under water, periodically or change of national jurisdiction at sea. continuously, f or at least 100 years’ (Art. 1)

THE DEFINITION AND SCOPE ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

Pr ovides blank et pr otection f or under water cultural her itage (No list) States Parties must protect their underwater cultural heritage Does not discriminate based on the ‘significance’ The commercial exploitation and salvage of UCH is forbidden 100 year benchmark can be lowered in national legislation In situ preservation shall be consider ed as f ir st option, unless ther e is a good r eason Protects not only sites, but also their context and r epet it ive ar tef act s (coins, dishware) to r ecover her itage (i.e. pr otection, r esear ch or public education) Applies in all territories and to all persons under the jurisdiction the States Par t ies Responsible public access to under water cultur al her itage is encour aged Applies in all state waters, including inland bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers and Pr oper r espect is to be given to human r emains & vener ated sites swam ps

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STATE COOPERATION MECHANISM ANTI-PILLAGING MEASURES

States Parties must prevent the entry, sale, or possession of illicitly or In international waters (not in territorial waters): unethically recovered underwater cultural heritage within their territory States Parties request that their nationals report discoveries and States Parties must prevent any part of their territory (e.g. ports or activities directed at underwater heritage islands) from being used to support activities directed at underwater cultural heritage that do not conform with the Convention They share this information with the other States Parties through UNESCO States Parties are required to seize and manage underwater cultural heritage within their territory that has been recovered in a way that States may declare their interest to be consulted in regards to does not conform with the Convention particular sites, and decide together on a course of action States Parties are required to impose sanctions against those who violate the Convention

RELATION TO OTHER UNESCO SCIENTIFIC GUIDANCE – THE ANNEX CONVENTIONS

World Heritage Sites under water: Bikini Atoll; Red Bay wrecks; Pile dwelling sites Rules for activities directed at underwater cultural heritage Intangible Her itage connected to under water her itage: Hawaii f ish tr ap vener ation; maritime rites; boat building techniques, such as the watertight-bulkhead Ethical and scientific guidelines for underwater technology of Chinese junks archaeological research They also describe the co n te n t and f or ma t of a p r oje ct design Detailed Manual is available

EXCURSE: HIDDEN DANGERS IN WWII WR ECKS Need of identification and control of WWII wrecks Best control by knowledgeable archaeologists and conservation specialists Oil and UXO present in WWII wrecks 2001 Convention Dange r fo r the Leisure Diver Helps to build capacity Danger for the environment Helps to report to UN via UN Oceans Network How can ratifying the 2001 Convention help? Helps to negotiate with common voice for a solution Takes also the heritage aspects of the sites into account

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THE STAB ADVANTAGES OF RATIFICATION

Highest int er nat ional st andar d f or UCH 12 experts in und erw ate r archa eo log y Ef f ective guidelines on how to protect and r esear ch UCH Available for States Parties Str ong pr ovisions pr otect sites f r om pillaging and commercial exploitation Allows States to adopt a common appr oach Rapid emergency res po nse Support to States Parties through Scientific and Technical Advisory Body Chuuk Lago on mission

HOW TO RATIFY SUPPORT THE PROTECTION OF UNDERWATER CULTURAL HERITAGE. Ratification is the declaration of a State t o be bound by a convention (appr oval, accession and acceptance have the same ef f ect) RATIFY THE UNESCO 2001 CONVENTION. The UNESCO 2001 Convention is ratified by the deposition of a r at if icat ion instrument (letter) with the UNESCO D irect or -Gener al Thank you.

Internal harmonization of national law with the Convention is of ten needed

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13. Protection of UCH in the Pacific

Maritime archaeology: a recent initiative, employing a scientific approach from a single dominant cultural Protection of Underwater Cultural perspective? Heritage in the Pacific

D r . Bill J effer y

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage 2001

UNESCO Convention What does the UNESCO Convention contain? What is the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Principles and practices in protecting underwater Underwater Cultural Heritage 2001 ? cultural heritage sites

• Protect all traces of human existence that have cultural, historical and • It is an international agreement designed to protect underwater cultural heritage sites located in the Exclusive Economic Zone archaeological character and have been partially or totally underwater for adjacent to countries (state parties) and in international waters (the 100 years ‘Area’ or ‘High Seas’) • Countries shall cooperate in protecting sites, resource sharing, training • Preservation in situ is the first priority • Once a country ratifies it, certain sections will apply to underwater • Underwater cultural heritage shall not be commercially exploited cultural heritage sites in the waters under the jurisdiction of countries • Ensure proper respect is given to human remains • Maintain the sovereign rights of a country—its vessels and aircraft • Does not prejudice the jurisdiction and duties under UNCLOS • Encourage public access through public awareness programs • All traces—not just shipwrecks—this word not used—now referred to as underwater cultural heritage

Co u rte s y UNESCO

. Pacific Ocean, What are a Country’s responsibilities covering 30% of the Earth’s • A country shall adopt the ‘Rules’ to apply to all its internal waters and surface and its Territorial Waters, as well as using them in the EEZ and the High Seas largest water (A need for countries to have domestic legislation that has similar aims) mass • A country can limit the application of this Convention to parts of internal waters and Territorial Waters with qualification Hawaii • A country’s nationals are bound by the Convention, they shall report

discoveries found in the EEZ and High Seas to their country Palau

. c. 60,000 islands in 22 island countries and territories with Austr alia a population of 92 c.10 million

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What is the Underwater Cultural Heritage of the Pacific

• It is part of the exploration, settlement, use of, and living in Oceania • Includes the Maritime Cultural Heritage of a place • Which encompass es: histories, beliefs, lores, customs, cultural practices, navigation, These aspects help to provide voyaging, settlement, canoe building, fishing islanders with a unique (exploitation of the sea), maritime cultural maritime cultural identity landscapes , trade patterns and cargo, interaction with foreigners, wars Tangible and Intangible • And underwater sites, objects, ships, Heritage related to the coast structures, buildings, spiritual sites, sea and sea: voyaging and navigation caves

Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Pacific: Underwater Cultural Heritage: Guam as an example Nan Madol, Pohnpei, c. 1,000 CE

• A set of c. 100 stone platforms atop artificial islets • An elite residential area and ritual centre for religious and political leaders

C o n te xt P re Latte Ear l y Spanish Spanish Fi rst Wo rld P o st Present Categories Latte Historic M i ssi o n - Colonial A me r i can W ar II Wo rld ization Colonial W ar II

Ti m e c. 1687 800 CE 1500 1668 1700 1898 1941 1944 1970 P er i o d s BCEto to to to to to to to to 800 CE 1700 1700 1699 1898 1941 1944 1950 p r esen t

Fish weirs Most common (Yap) type in Yap, made of basalt and/or coral rocks, called aech

Bamboo basket with an extension that abuts the aech outlet

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Yap Fish traps and weirs Yapese use: 12 different styles from documenting • group fishing practices 432 aech, and conducting 45 surveys • sharing the work • sharing the catch in accordance with local customs • needing a community spirit • aech are owned by an individual or an estate

Gather in a Faluw to prepare

P hotographs from Micronesian S eminar, 1908

Fish traps and weirs can be found across the Pacific, illustrated here are those in Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines

• The Pacific has 55% of the Global Marine catch • Fish stocks have fallen by 50% between 1950 and 2012 • All of the Pacific Islands are economically dependent on marine resources • Village fisheries play a vital role in island coastal economies in terms of both employment and food security • Without micronutrients from fish, child mortality will increase, so will cognitive deficiencies and a Drawing by Yapesereduction artist in immuneLuke functionHoloi based on survey • ‘Aquaculture’and owner’s that focusses information on species that can improve human health is required •

Final resting place

Shipwrecks

Stone money from Palau to Yap

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Database of sites

HMS Pandora (1779) Artefacts about British and Polynesian Societies

Over 3,800 WWII shipwrecks Chuuk Lagoon, (86% Japanese), incl. 330 FSM tankers, and many thousands of aircraft remains

Chuuk Lagoon

Ma p so urce: Mo nfils, Gilbert and Nawadra

San Francisco Maru

P hoto: John Riley

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Many WWII shipwrecks Tourism: souveniring are war graves and continue to be remembered as such — there are conflicts through illegal recovery, dynamite fishing and tourism

1978 2000 Number of Nationals as tourists in 2001 50 44 77 24 14 6 196 U.S. 14 Filipino 6 Japan Chinese Belgian British Swiss 758 Canadian 1744 Korean Italian Australian 96 12 German

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They are a potential source of oil pollution How to manage and protect • USS Mississinewa in Ulithi (Yap) UCH in the Pacific • Sunk with over c. 4 million gallons • In context with the histories, cultural of oil aboard—2001, 2 million gallons pumped out and sold practices, maritime heritage, and living in Oceania, and the preservation of all heritage (intangible and tangible) • As part of the engagement with local governments and people • And in association with national, regional and international groups—for information, knowledge, skills, equipment sharing

Local management Capacity building, awareness raising, multi-vocal values • Important issues in initiating and implementing maritime archaeology • Field Schools, Networking in developing home-grown maritime archaeologists • Projects and products for raising awareness in the community • Value material from different perspectives – Tourism should be more than a neocoloni al activity

• Assists in capacity building and research into underwater cultural https://skfb.ly/6s EKU https://skfb.ly/6tnWN heritage through a network of: Trailer • Universities working in the field of underwater archaeology • Currently 27 Universities world-wide that implement training and workshops—University of Guam is an Associate Member

http://www.underwaterarchaeology.net

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Thank you

• Guam Historic Preservation Office, Department of Parks and Recreation • UNESCO Apia Office • Palau Historic Preservation Office, Bureau of Cultural and Historic Preservation

7 13/03/2018 99 14. UNESCO presentation-1954 Hague Convention

1954 Hague Convention and its two Protocols (1954 and 1999)

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

Current context

• Increasing number of intentional attacks against cultural heritage around the world Resolution 2347 of the UN Security Council affirms that “ direc ting unlawful attacks against sites and buildings dedicated to religion, • Terrorist groups are among the main perpetrators education, art, science or charitable purposes, or historic monuments of crimes against culture may constitute, under certain circumstances (…) a war crime”

This reflects UNESCO’s opinion on the matter: • 24 March 2017 the UN Security Council has adopted “The deliberate destruction of heritage is a war crime, it has become a historic resolution for the protection of cultural tactic of war to tear societies over the long term, in a strategy of heritage cultural cleansing. This is why defending cultural heritage is more than a c ultural issue, it is a sec urity imperative, inseparable from that of defending human lives“ D irector-General Bokova

Recent examples: Nimrud, Iraq; ancient city of Palmyra, Syria

Image showingd amage at t h e Image sh o w in g d amage at t h e World Heritage Site of Nimrud Wo r ld Her it age Sit e o f P almyr a © UNESC O; Decemb er 2016 © UNESCO; April 2016 Image sh o w in g d amage at t h e Wo r ld Her it age Sit e o f P almyr a © DGAM

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The case of Mali

© P r ési d en ce d e l a République © U N ESC O /T. Joffroy/C R ATerre-EA G - U N ESC O D i r ect o r -G en er al , I r i n a Bokova, mad e a visit to Mali on Resto ratio n o f th e coatin g o n th e San kar é Mosque in 2003 Sat u r d ay 2 Febru ary 2013 wi th French P r esi d en t Fr an ço i s Hollande and the interim P r esi d en t of Mali DioncoundaTraoré © 2016 DigitalGlobe © 2017 DigitalGlobe

States Parties of the 1954 Hague Convention OUTLINE and its two Protocols (1954 and 1999) § Overview of the Hague Convention and its two Protocols § 1954 Hague Convention : 128 States Parties § Key elements of the Hague Convention and its two Protocols

§ The Committee for the Protection of Cultural § First Protocol : 105 States Parties Property in the Event of Armed Conflict

§ The Fund for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict § Second Protocol : 72 States Parties § UNESCO’s role

Key elements of the 1954 Hague Convention Key elements of the 1954 Hague Convention and its two Protocols (1954 and 1999) and its two Protocols (1954 and 1999)

“Cultural Property” The concept of under the 1954 “Protection” under the Convention includes: Convention 100 Respect for cultural Movable cultural Immovable cultural Safeguarding property property property

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Key elements of the 1954 Hague Convention Key elements of the 1954 Hague Convention and its two Protocols (1954 and 1999) and its two Protocols (1954 and 1999) Enhanced Protection General THREE ELEMENTS: Protection 1. Gre ate st importance for Special Protection humanity; 2. Protected by adequate Enhanced domestic legal and Protection administrative me asure s; and, Walled City of Baku Protection regimes 3. Not used for military purposes.

Key elements of the 1954 Hague Convention Key elements of the 1954 Hague Convention and its two Protocols (1954 and 1999) and its two Protocols (1954 and 1999)

General Protection 1999 Second Protocol

Elaborates individual Es t ab l i s h es t he Fund Estab l i sh es th e Special Protection C l ar i f i es t h e concept Estab l i sh es th e criminal f o r t h e P r otect i on of C o mmi t t ee f o r t he of “Military “enhanced responsibility for C u ltu ral Property in P ro tectio n of n ecessi t y” p r o t ect i o n ” r egi me cr i mes agai n st th e Even t o f Armed C u ltu ral Property in cultural property Conflict th e Even t o f Armed Conflict

Enhanced Protection

Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of Fund for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict Armed Conflict

• To develop Guidelines fo r the imp l eme nta tio n of th is Pro toc ol ; 350,000 USD • To gr an t, suspend or ca nc el e nh an ce d protection for c ul tur al property a nd to establish, maintain an d promote th e List of Cultural Pro pe rty u nd er En ha nc ed Pr ote cti on ; States Parties and Parties to a conflict may request • To mo ni tor a nd supervise the implementation of this Pro toc ol and promote the identification of c ul tur al p ro pe r ty u nd er international assistance enhanced pr ote cti on ; • To c on sid er an d comment on reports of th e Par ti es, see k To date, El Salvador, Libya and Mali received financial clarifications as required, a nd pr ep ar e its o wn report on the assistance from the Fund implementation of thi s Protocol for the Mee tin g of the Par tie s; • To receive and consider requests fo r international assistance under Article32; an d, The Committee determines the use of the Fund • To determine the use of the Fund.

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Financial assistance from the Fund in Mali

On 18 May 20 16 , Mali, in its capacity of St ate Part y to the The Committee is assisted by the Secretariat 1999 Se con d Protocol, of UNESCO, which prepares the Committee’s submitted a request for the granting of international documentation and agenda for its meetings assistance from the Fu nd for and is responsible for the implementation of the Protection of Cultural its decisions. Property in the Event of Armed Conflict. The request aims at financingpre paratory

measures to ensure the Blue Shield sign in Gao, Tomb of Askia highest level ofprotection to the To m b of Askia, a cultural World Heritage site.

Main challenges for implementation

Challenges for implementation and • Number of States Parties to the 1954 Hague Secretariat’s activities Convention and its two Protocols must be increased

• Operationalization of the Convention and Protocols at the national level must be improved and regularly monitored

Challenges continued… Activities of the UNESCO Secretariat

• Preparation of military training materials • Participation of States Parties in the enhanced protection regime must be increased • Organization of capacity-building regional workshops • Long-term viability of the Fund for the granting of International Assistance must be ensured • Receiving and managing voluntary donations from States Parties, and 102 • Capacity of main stakeholder, in particular military focal point for the Fund for the personnel must be strengthened granting of International Assistance

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THANK YOU

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15. Activities of Blue Shield Pasifika

This image cannot currently be Palau World Heritage Workshop displayed. Koror Palau

Ms Elizabeth Edwards Secretary General Blue Shield Pasifika What is Blue Shield Pasifika Hosted by the Fiji Museum Email: [email protected] • Blue Shield Pasifika is the Pacific Branch M: 961 8815/720 1004 Facebook: Blue Shield Pasifika of Blue Shield, a coalition of international https://www.facebook.com/Blue-Shield-Pas ifika- 4863450315754 95/?fref=ts non-governmental organizations (NGO’s) that engage in disaster risk reduction Ms Meretui Ratunabuabua (DRR) activities to protect cultural heritage Director Fiji Museum Fiji and institutions from risks associated with Email: [email protected] natural and human-induced disasters. M: 9947 492

Christophe Sand Director Institute of Archeology New Caledonia

Current status of disaster risk Core Agencies reduction • PIMA (Pacific Island Museums Association) • Not all institutions has had OHS training • PARBICA (Pacific Regional Branch of the • Most of the institutions have no back up plan International Council Archives) in place for their data as an offsite storage • ICOMOS PASIFIKA (International Council of Monuments and Sites) • Lack of funding • PIALA (Pacific Island Association of Libraries, • Limited human resources to manage DRR Archives and Museums) • No plans were in place in case of a disaster • PAMBU (Pacific Archives and Manuscripts) • Limited knowledge of DRR in their institutions • Libraries/Museums / Archi ves/H erit age Sites Management 104

1 3/13/18 105 15. Activities of Blue Shield Pasifika

Activities Done • Created a Blue Shield information • Established Blue Shield Pasifika brochure secretariat hosted by the Fiji Museum, Suva, Fiji • ”Live to Tell” – Build Back Better Exhibition with multiple partners at the Fiji Museum • Established draft Blue Shield Pasifika Fiji Guidelines – Private Sector/Govt Sector/Embassy /U niv ersity • Facebook page • Representation at the IUCN World Conservation Congress for Youth in Hawaii in September 2016

This image cannot currently be • Collated responses from the BSP survey D I S A S T E R R I S K R E D U C T I O N ( D R R ) questionnaires sent out to national and regional displayed. agencies on the status of DRR -Regional organizations and networks (USP

Library) etc After tropical cyclone Pam Salvaging of water logged records in case in Vanuatu 2014. of a disaster, Archives staff receiving -Individual organizations and still waiting for training. responses (National Archives, Fiji Museum Library, Suva City Municipal Library, Reserve Bank of Fiji . Established a data base for existing and not well known organizations After tropical cyclone Cleaning up after cyclone Winston, Evan in Samoa. Pacific Awareness Hague Convention Workshop Artist, Atelier Fiji Museum Staff organized by Blue Shield Pasifika, Secretariat

“LIVE TO TELL”- DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (DRR) EXHIBITION 7 TH OCT – 11 NOV 2016 AT THE FIJI MUSEUM, SUVA.

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MAKIN G OF TH E VIR TU AL MU SEU M Challenges • Sustainable core funding for activities needed • Awareness Raising, Recognition • We are still in establishment mode • We need to be registered as a charitable trust to formalize and for accountability • Human resources are all voluntary • Communications strategy - Website to be developed

Action Plan

Proposals to secure sustainable funding for secretariat Blue Shield Pasifika participation at conferences and events regional and international - 2018 Blue Shield Australia conference Australia . Annual DRRM Exhibition Pacific in October . Develop more interactive awareness raising tools on DRRM . Develop informative DVD’s for schools and public institutions and strengthening partnership with the military on what is Blue Shield Pasifika is and this can be to be used a training tool VINAKA VAKALEVU

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Contents

The Relevance of the • (1) The Fundamentals of International Law • (2) International Humanitarian Law 1954 Hague Convention • (3) The 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict to Pacific SIDS Ronald Por celli Law Fellow U N ES CO Office of t he Pacific S t at es

The Fundamentals of International Definition of Internatio na l Law Law • De fin itio n o f In tern atio na l La w • The Sources of International Law u “r ules and pr inciples of gener al applicat ion dealing wit h t he conduct of st at es and of int er nat ional or ganizat ions and wit h t heir relat ions int er s e, as well as • The Treaty wit h s ome of t heir relat ions wit h per s ons . . .” - Res t at ement (1987) • The Benefits of Treaties over less Formal Agreements

• Reasons for Entering into Treaties u “t he body of r ules and pr inciples of act ion which ar e binding upon civilized • Soft Law Legal Instruments s t at es for t heir r elat ions wit h one anot her ” – Br ier ly (1963) • International Law versus Domestic (National) Law • Dispu te Re so lu tion • Enforcement

• Thank you to the U nivers ity of Calif ornia, Los Angeles International Law Program at t he U CLA School of Law f or per mis s ion t o ut ilize t he pr ovided inf or mat ion on international law (ht t ps ://law.ucla.edu/cent er s /int er nat ional-law-and-human- r ight s /int er nat ional-and-compar at ive-law-pr ogr am/about /)

The Sources of Internationa l Law The Treaty

u Tr eat ies – mos t clear ly codified bodies of agr eed upon r ules – akin t o u 1) int ’l agr eement ; int er nat ional legis lat ion u 2) ent er ed by s t at es ; u Cus t omar y Int er nat ional Law (CIL) – s t at e pr act ice under t aken wit h a sens e of u 3) gover ned by IL; & legal obligat ion u u Gener al Pr inciples of Law – equit able r ules dr awn fr om under lying nat ional 4) in wr it t en for m. legal s ys t ems

u Judicial Decis ions – ICJ decisions treated as authoritative statements of CIL

u St andar ds -defining or ganizat ions and agencies

u Role of legal s cholar s and jur is t s

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The Treaty The Benefits of Treaties over less Formal Agreements

u A tr eaty is an agr eement in written form bet ween nat ion-states (or int er nat ional u 1) Wr it t en t r eat ies make t he s pecific cont ent of t he agr eement mor e agencies , s uch as t he U nit ed N at ions , t hat have been given t r eaty-making capacity by t r ans par ent and t er ms of compliance mor e r eadily as cer t ainable; t he s t at es t hat cr eated t hem) t hat is intended t o es t ablis h a relat ions hip gover ned by Int er nat ional Law. u 2) They may pr ovide wr it t en evidence of int ent ;

u Var ious t er ms have been us ed for s uch an agr eement , including t r eat y, convent ion, u 3) They may be mor e s us cept ible t o enfor cement as a res ult protocol, declaration, charter, Covenant, pact, act, statute, exchange of notes, agr eement , modus vivendi ("manner of living" or pr act ical compr omis e), and under s t anding. The par t icular des ignat ion does not affect t he agr eement 's legal charact er. (ht t p:/ / legal-dict ionar y.t hefr eedict ionar y.com/ Tr eat y+and+convent ion)

Reasons for Entering into Treaties Soft Law Legal Instruments

u 1) H eight en r eput at ional cos t s of noncompliance u Akehurs t’s Modern Introduction to IL: Soft law refers to ins truments which are neither u 2) Repeat player s bound t o convent ions becaus e failur e t o comply will depr ive strictly binding norms of law nor completely irrelevant political maxims and operate in a grey t hem of fut ur e benefit s z one between law and politics [encompas s es broad range of ins truments (e.g., indus try codes of conduct; G uidelines , etc.)] u 3) Reduct ion of t r ans act ion cos t s

u 4) Res olut ion of pr oblems of collect ive act ion (coor dinat ion, collabor at ion, u May reflect or help form a s tandard of appropriate conduct (bes t practices ) and induce pr e-commit ment ) s ignificant and actual conformity with that s tandard even in the abs ence of applicable cus tom u 5) Enable t o over come domes t ic obs t acles or treaty

u 6) Tr eat ies enable s t at es t o make cr edible commit ment s and gener at e pr edict able r es ult s in t heir int er nat ional affair s . u Increas e in interdependence fos ters the increas e in s oft law (cyberspace, etc.) u Soft law is more flexible and works well for areas that are rapidly evolving u It is a costly enterprise to enter into a formal treaty u Density of interaction, rise of new domains, need for flexibility and formaility, development of rigid institutions all lend towards soft law

Dispute Resolution International Law vs. Domestic (National) Law u 1) N egot iat ion: t he r es olut ion of dis put es by t he Par t ies t hr ough s et t lement , which t ypically occur s thr ough nor mal diplomat ic channels

u 2) Mediat ion: when Par t ies ar e unable t o res olve a dis put e t hr ough negot iat ion, t hey can as k a t hir d Par t y t o r each an accept able conclus ion for t he Par t ies

u 3) Conciliat ion: when Par t ies ar e unable t o res olve a dis put e, t hey can as k a Commis s ion es t ablis hed by t he Par t ies to det er mine t he fact s and r each an accept able conclus ion

u 4) Ar bit r at ion: binding

u 5) The Int er nat ional Cour t of Jus t ice (ICJ): if t he ICJ has jur is dict ion t o hear a cas e, t he Par t ies can s ubmit t he dis put e for r es olut ion by t he ICJ

u 6) Specialized Int er nat ional Cour t s : int er nat ional cour t t hat adjudicat es cas es in a par t icular field of law (e.g., t he Int er nat ional Cr iminal Cour t )

u 7) Regional Cour t s : int er nat ional cour t s oper at ing wit hin a par t icular r egional and adjudicat ing cas es bas ed on t he regional law (e.g., t he Eur opean Cour t of Jus t ice and Eur opean U nion Law)

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I. Enforcement II. Enforcement

u 1) State-level economic s anct ions

u Ho w ca n it b e calle d la w if it ca nn ot be enfo rced ? (This in co rre ctly a ssumes u 2) Reput at ional Cos t s (Shaming and Pr es s ur ing) that there are no enforcement mechanisms) u 3) Sus pens ion or exclus ion in int er nat ional bodies (e.g., expuls ion fr om t he U nit ed Nat ions as seen in Ar t icles five and s ix of t he Unit ed N at ions Char t er ) u Ther e is no dir ect int er nat ional count er par t of t he local police officer. u 4) Technical as s is t ance t o r emedy noncompliance when noncompliance is not willful

u 5) Wit hholding of member s hip benefit s in specialized or ganizat ions when noncompliance is willful u Do me stic courts are the most common areas for enforcing international law u 6) Chapt er IIV of t he UN Secur it y Council in t he U N Char t er

u The Secur it y Council may det er mine t he exis t ence of any t hr eat t o t he peace, br each of t he peace or act of aggr es s ion, and may impos e mandat or y s anct ions t o t ry t o r ectify t he s ituat ion.

u The sa n ctio n s ma y be: u (1 ) E co n o mi c (such as a trade embargo against a country threatening the peace), diplomatic (such as severance of diplomatic relations); o r u (2 ) Milita ry (the use of armed force to maintain or restore international peace and se cu ri ty)

I. This information has been obtained from the American Society of International Law, Enforcing International Law, Frederic L. Kirgis, available at: https://www.asil.org/insights/volume/1/issue/1/enforcing-international-law

International Humanitarian Law What is International Humanitarian Law

u Int er nat ional humanit ar ian law is a s et of r ules which s eek, for humanit ar ian r eas ons [i.e., being concer ned wit h or s eeking t o pr omot e human welfar e], t o limit t he effect s u What is Int er nat ional H umanit ar ian Law of ar med conflict . u The Sour ces of Int er nat ional H umanit ar ian Law u It protects persons who are not or ar e no longer participating in t he hos t ilit ies and r es t r ict s t he means and met hods of war fare u Ot her Sour ces of Int er nat ional H umanit ar ian Law u In addit ion, IH L als o cover s : (1) bas ic r ight s of war t ime pr is oners ; (2) pr ot ect ions for t he s ick and t he wounded; (3) pr ot ect ions for civilians t hat ar e in and ar ound u Compliance wit h Int er nat ional H umanit ar ian Law ar med conflict ; (4) u Inter national humanitar ian law is also known as the law of war or the law of armed conflict. u Inter national humanitar ian law is a par t of inter national law

u This information has been obtained from the International Committee of the Red Cross, Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law, available at h ttp s:/ / www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/what_is_ihl.pdf

The Sources of Internationa l Other Sources of International Humanitarian Law Humanitarian Law

u Ot her agr eement s pr ohibit t he us e of cer t ain weapons and milit ar y t act ics and u A major par t of int er nat ional humanit ar ian law is cont ained in t he four pr ot ect cer t ain cat egor ies of people and goods . Geneva Convent ions of 1949. u Thes e agr eement s include: u N ear ly ever y St at e in the wor ld has agr eed t o be bound by t hem. u The 1954 Convent ion for t he Pr ot ect ion of Cult ur al Pr oper t y in t he Event of Ar med u The Convent ions have been developed and s upplement ed by t wo fur t her Conflict , plus it s t wo pr ot ocols ; agr eement s : t he Addit ional Pr ot ocols of 1977 relating to the protection of u The 1972 Biological Weapons Convent ion; vict ims of ar med conflict s . u The 1980 Convent ional Weapons Convent ion and it s five pr ot ocols ;

u The 1993 Chemical Weapons Convent ion;

u The 1997 Ot t awa Convent ion on ant i-per s onnel mines ;

u T h is information has been obtained from the International Committee of the Red Cross, Advisory u The 2000 Opt ional Pr ot ocol t o t he Convent ion on t he Right s of t he Child on t he Service on International Humanitarian Law, available at involvement of childr en in ar med conflict . https://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/what_is_ihl.pdf

u This information has been obtained from the International Committee of the Red Cross, Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law, available at https://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/what_is_ihl.pdf

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Compliance with Internatio na l Relevance of the 1954 Hague Convention Humanitarian Law to Pacific SIDS

u Sadly, t her e ar e count les s examples of violat ion of int er nat ional humanit ar ian u 1) Cult ur al Pr oper t y Pr ot ect ion law. Incr eas ingly, t he vict ims of war ar e civilians . u 2) Peacet ime Cult ur al Pr oper t y Pr ot ect ion u H owever, t her e ar e impor t ant cas es wher e int er nat ional humanit ar ian law has made a differ ence in pr ot ect ing civilians , pr is oner s , t he s ick and t he u 3) Cr iminal Sanct ions wounded, and in r es t r ict ing t he us e of bar bar ic weapons . u 4) Inter national Disaster Law u Given t hat this body of law applies dur ing t imes of ext r eme violence, implement ing t he law will always be a mat t er of gr eat difficult y. That s aid, u 5) Int er nat ional As s is t ance s t r iving for effect ive compliance r emains as ur gent as ever. u 6) The Fund

u 7) U nit ed N at ions Peacekeeping For ces

u 8) Int er nal Ar med Conflict

u This information has been obtained from the International Committee of the Red Cross, Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law, available at https://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/what_is_ihl.pdf

Cultural Property Protection Cultural Property Protection

u Safeguar ding Cult ur al Property (Model Law On The Pr ot ect ion Of Cult ur al Pr oper t y In The Event Of A r med Conflict , A r t icle Six): u Safeguarding of cultural property (1954 H ague Convent ion, A r t icle Thr ee): u 1) The Minis t er s hall, in t imes of peace and in cons ult at ion wit h t he r elevant Minis t r ies , pr epar e for t he u The H igh Cont r act ing Par t ies under t ake t o pr epar e in t ime of peace for the s afeguar ding of s afeguar ding of cult ur al pr oper t y s it uat ed wit hin t he bor der s of [ins er t count r y name] agains t t he cult ur al pr oper t y s it uat ed wit hin t heir own t er r it or y agains t t he for es eeable effect s of an ar med for es eeable effect s of an ar med conflict , including t hr ough t he following non-exhaus t ive meas ur es : conflict , by t aking s uch meas ur es as they cons ider appr opr iat e. u (a) des ignat ing t hos e compet ent aut hor it ies , including wit hin t he ar med for ces of [ins er t count r y name], r es pons ible for t he s afeguar ding of cult ur al pr oper t y;

u Safeguar ding of Cult ur al Pr oper t y (Second Pr ot ocol, A r t icle Five): u (b) ens ur ing wide dis s eminat ion of knowledge r egar ding the pr ovis ions of t he Convent ion and Pr ot ocols among bot h milit ar y per s onnel and t he gener al populat ion; u Pr epar at or y meas ur es t aken in t ime of peace for the s afeguar ding of cult ur al pr oper t y agains t t he for es eeable effect s of an ar med conflict pur s uant t o Ar t icle 3 of t he Convent ion s hall u (c) ident ifying cult ur al pr oper t y and pr epar ing invent or ies , as defined in t he r egulat ions for t his Act ; include, as appr opr iat e, u (d) planning emer gency meas ur es for t he pr ot ect ion of cult ur al pr oper t y agains t fir e or s t r uct ur al u [1] t he pr epar at ion of invent or ies , collaps e;

u [2] t he planning of emer gency meas ur es for pr ot ect ion agains t fir e or [3] s t r uctur al collaps e, u (e) pr epar ing for the removal of movable cult ur al pr oper t y or the pr ovis ion of adequat e in sit u pr ot ect ion of s uch pr oper t y; u [4] t he pr epar at ion for t he r emoval of movable cult ur al pr oper t y or [5] t he pr ovis ion for adequat e in s it u pr ot ect ion of s uch pr oper t y, and u (f) incor por at ing guidelines or ins t r uct ions on t he pr ot ect ion of cult ur al pr oper t y in milit ar y doct r ine, pr ocedur es , r egulat ions and t r aining mat er ials ; and u [6] t he des ignat ion of compet ent aut hor it ies r es pons ible for t he s afeguarding of cult ur al pr oper ty. u (g) mar king cult ur al pr oper t y wit h t he cult ur al-pr oper t y emblem as s et for t h in Ar t icles 6, 10, 16 and 17 of t he Convent ion and Ar t icle 20 of the Regulat ions .

Peacetime Cultural Property Protection Criminal Sanctions

u The Pr eamble t o t he 1954 H ague Convent ion: “s uch pr ot ect ion cannot be effect ive unles s bot h u nat ional and int er nat ional meas ur es have been t aken to or ganize it in t ime of peace.” Execution of the Convention (1954 Hague Convention, Chapter Seven), Sanctions (Article 28): The High Contracting Parties undertake to take, within the framework of their ordinary criminal jurisdiction, all u A r t icle 3 of t he 1954 H ague Convent ion: “The H igh Cont r act ing Par t ies under t ake t o pr epar e in t ime n e ce ssa ry steps to prosecute and impose penal or disciplinary sanctions upon those persons, of whatever nationality, of peace for t he s afeguar ding of cult ur al pr oper t y s it uat ed wit hin t heir t er r it or y agains t t he for es eeable wh o commit or order to be committed a breach of the present Convention. effect s of an ar med conflict , by t aking s uch meas ur es as t hey cons ider appr opr iat e."

u A r t icle 7 of t he 1954 H ague Convent ion: “The H igh Cont r act ing Par t ies under t ake t o int r oduce in t ime u Criminal responsibility and jurisdiction (1999 Protocol, Chapter Four), Serious violations of this Protocol (Artic le 15): of peace int o t heir milit ar y r egulat ions or ins t r uct ions s uch pr ovis ions as may ens ur e obs er vance of t he 1. Any person commits an offence within the meaning of this Protocol if that person intentionally and in violation of the pr es ent Convent ion.” Convention or this Protocol commits any of the following acts:

u A r t icle 7 of t he 1954 H ague Convent ion: “The H igh Cont r act ing Par t ies under t ake t o plan or a. making cultural property under enhanced protection the object of attack; es t ablis h in peace-t ime, wit hin t heir ar med for ces , s er vices or s pecialis t per s onnel whos e pur pos e will b. using cultural property under enhanced protection or its immediate surroundings in support of military action; be t o s ecur e r es pect for cult ur al pr oper t y and t o co-oper at e wit h t he civilian aut hor it ies r es pons ible for s afeguar ding it .” c. extensive destruction or appropriation of cultural property protected under the Convention and this Protocol; d. making cultural property protected under the Convention and this Protocol the object of attack; u A r t icle 8 of t he 1954 H ague Convent ion: “s uch diver s ion s hall be pr epar ed in t ime of peace.” e. theft, pillage or misappropriation of, or acts of vandalism directed against cultural property protected under the u A r t icle 25 of t he 1954 H ague Convent ion: “The H igh Cont r act ing Par t ies under t ake, in t ime of Convention. peace as in t ime of ar med conflict , t o dis s eminat e t he t ext of t he pr es ent Convent ion and t he Regulat ions for it s execut ion as widely as pos s ible in t heir r es pect ive count r ies .” 2 . E a ch P a rty sh a ll a d o p t su ch me a su re s a s ma y b e n e ce ssa ry to e sta b lish a s crimin a l o ffe n ce s u n d e r its d o me stic la w th e offences set forth in this Article and to make such offences punishable by appropriate penalties. When doing so, Parties u A r t icle 5 of t he Second Pr ot ocol t o the 1954 H ague Convent ion: “Pr epar at or y meas ur es t aken in t ime shall comply with general principles of law and international law, including the rules extending individual criminal of peace for t he s afeguar ding of cult ur al pr oper t y agains t t he for es eeable effect s of an ar med conflict re sp o n sib ility to p e rso n s o th e r th a n th o se wh o d ire ctly co mmit th e a ct. pur s uant t o Ar t icle 3 of t he Convent ion s hall include […]

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I. International Disaster Law II. Internatio na l Disaster Law

u (1) The Pr epar at ion of Invent or ies ;

u (2) The Des ignat ion of Compet ent Aut hor it ies ; u In t er ms of t heir impact on buildings and collect ions a high pr opor t ion of t he act ual damage t hat occur s in war is not ver y differ ent fr om t hat r es ult ing u (3) The Educat ion of Relevant Pr ofes s ionals on t he Pr ot ect ion of Cult ur al Pr oper t y; from natural or civil disasters. u (4) The Planning of Emer gency Meas ur es for Pr ot ect ion agains t St r uct ur al Collaps e;

u Dir ect par allels bet ween t he effect s of war damage and t hos e of civil or u (5) The Planning of Emer gency Meas ur es for Pr ot ect ion agains t Fir e; nat ur al dis as t er s include: fir e, s t r uct ur al collaps e of r oofs and walls , ingr es s u (6) The Des ignat ion and Labeling of Cult ur al Pr oper t y; of wat er whet her t hr ough holes in r oofs or fr om damaged building s er vices , int er r upt ion of es s ent ial s er vices , es pecially gas (leading t o fir e and u (7) The Pr ovis ion for Adequat e in s it u Pr ot ect ion of Cult ur al Pr oper t y; e.xplos ion and los s of heat ing), s ur face dr ainage (r es ult ing in flooding) and u (8) The Removal and Tempor ar y St or age of Cult ur al Pr oper t y in Cas e of Dis as t er ; elect r icit y (wit h cons equent s hut -down of building s er vices , s uch as air condit ioning, s ecur it y and infor mat ion s ys t ems ), and cr iminal act s agains t u (9) The Incr eas ed At t ent ion in the Int er nat ional Communit y on t he Pr ot ect ion of Cult ur al cult ur al pr oper t y, s uch as cas ual t heft , mor e ext ens ive and or ganis ed loot ing Property in the Event of Disaster Situations; and vandalism. u (10) The Wides pr ead Dis s eminat ion of Knowledge r egar ding t he Pr ovis ions of t he u (Review of t he Convent ion for the Pr ot ect ion of Cult ur al Pr oper t y in t he Event Convent ion and Pr ot ocols ; of Ar med Conflict (The H ague Convent ion of 1954), Pat r ick J. Boylan, E.4.) u (11) The Development of Civil Societ y Or ganizat ions ; and

u (12) The Pr omot ion of Res pect for Cult ur al Pr oper t y.

International Assistance International Assistance

u Assistance of U N ESCO (1954 H ague Convent ion, A r t icle 23): u Chapter 7 Dissemination of Information and International Assistance (1999 Protocol), Article 31 International cooperation:

In situ a tio n s o f se rio u s vio la tio n s o f th is P ro to co l, th e P a rtie s u n d e rta k e to a ct, jo in tly th ro u g h th e C o mmitte e , o r in d ivid uall y, i n 1. The H igh Cont r act ing Par t ies may call upon t he Unit ed N at ions Educat ional, Scient ific and cooperation with UNESCO and the United Nations and in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations. Cult ur al Or ganizat ion for t echnical as s is t ance in or ganizing t he pr ot ect ion of t heir cult ur al pr oper t y, Article 32 International a ssi sta n c e : or in connexion wit h any ot her pr oblem ar is ing out of t he applicat ion of t he pr es ent Convent ion or t he Regulat ions for it s execut ion. The Or ganizat ion s hall accor d s uch as s is t ance wit hin t he limit s 1. A Party may request from the Committee international assistance for cultural property under enhanced protection as well as assistance with respect to the preparation, development or implementation of the laws, administrative provisions and measures fixed by it s pr ogr amme and by its resources. re fe rre d to in A rticle 1 0 . 3 . The Committee shall adopt rules for the submission of requests for international assistance and shall define the forms the 2. The Or ganizat ion is aut hor ized t o make, on it s own init iat ive, pr opos als on t his mat t er to t he High international assistance may take. Contracting Parties. 4. Parties are encouraged to give technical assistance of all kinds, through the Committee, to those Parties or parties to th e co n fl i ct who request it.

A rti c l e 3 3 A ssi sta n c e o f UNES CO:

1. A Party may call upon UNESCO for technical assistance in organizing the protection of its cultural property, such as prepara to ry action to safeguard cultural property, preventive and organizational measures for emergency situations and compilation of national inventories of cultural property, or in connection with any other problem arising out of the application of this Protocol. UNE SC O shall accord such assistance within the limits fixed by its p ro g ra mme a n d b y its re so u rce s.

2. Parties are encouraged to provide technical assistance at bilateral or multilateral level. 3. UNESCO is authorized to make, on its own initiative, proposals on these matters to the Parties. u Article 27 Functions: NGO A ssista n ce

The Fund United Nations Peacekeeping Forces

u Article 29 The Fund for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Co n flic t:

1. A Fund is hereby established for the following purposes:

a. to provide financial or other assistance in support of preparatory or other measures to be taken in peacetime in accordance with , in te r u In par t icular, Member St at es par t icipat ing in U nit ed N at ions oper at ions s hould alia, Article 5, Article 10 sub-paragraph (b) and Article 30; and ens ur e t hat the for ces allocat ed t o par t icular oper at ions ar e adequat ely and s pecifically t r ained and br iefed in t heir obligat ions under Cus t omar y b. to provide financial or other assistance in relation to emergency, provisional or other measures to be taken in order to pro te ct cu l tu ra l property during periods of armed conflict or of immediate recovery after the end of hostilities in accordance with, inter alia , A rti cl e 8 su b - Int er nat ional Law and in the 1954 H ague Convent ion (s ince t his could ver y paragraph (a). well be applicable law in t he theat r e of oper at ions ), and t hat appr opr iat e milit ar y dis cipline is maint ained in r elat ion t o t he res pect of monument s and 2. The Fund shall constitute a trust fund, in conformity with the provisions of the financial regulations of UNESCO. ot her cult ur al pr oper t y, and r elevant cult ur al pr oper t y expor t laws and codes . 3. Disbursements from the Fund shall be used only for such purposes as the Committee shall decide in accordance with the guidelin e s a s u (Review of t he Convent ion for the Pr ot ect ion of Cult ur al Pr oper t y in t he Event defined in Article 23 sub-paragraph 3(c). The Committee may accept contributions to be used only for a certain p ro g ra mme o r p ro je ct, provided that the Committee shall have decided on the implementation of such p ro g ra mme o r p ro je ct. of Ar med Conflict (The H ague Convent ion of 1954), Pat r ick J . Boylan, E.4.)

4. The resources of the Fund shall consist of:

(a) voluntary contributions made by the Parties; (b ) contributions, gifts or bequests made by: (i) o th e r Sta te s; (ii) UNE SCO o r o th e r o rg a n iza tio n s o f th e Un ite d Na tio n s syste m; (iii) other intergovernmental or non-governmental organizations; and (iv) public or private bodies or individuals; (c) any interest accruing on the Fund; (d) funds raised by collections and receipts from events organized for the benefit of the Fund; and (e) all other resources authorized by the guidelines applicable to the Fund.

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I. Internal Armed Conflict II. Internal Armed Conflicts

u The protection of cultural property in armed conflicts not of an international character (1999 Pr ot ocol, Chapt er Five), A r med conflict s not of an int er nat ional char act er (A r t icle 22): u Scope of applicat ion of t he Convent ion (1954 H ague Convent ion, Chapt er Six), Conflict s not of an int er nat ional char act er (t he 1954 H ague Convent ion, A r t icle 19): 1. This Pr ot ocol s hall apply in t he event of an ar med conflict not of an int er nat ional char act er, occur r ing wit hin t he t er r it or y of one of t he Par t ies . 2. This Pr ot ocol s hall not apply t o s it uat ions of int er nal dis t ur bances and t ens ions , s uch as r iot s , is olat ed and u 1. In t he event of an ar med conflict not of an int er nat ional char act er occur r ing wit hin spor adic acts of violence and other acts of a similar natur e. t he t er r it or y of one of t he High Cont r act ing Par t ies , each par t y t o the conflict s hall be 3. N ot hing in t his Pr ot ocol s hall be invoked for t he pur pos e of affect ing t he s over eignt y of a St at e or t he bound t o apply, as , a minimum, t he pr ovis ions of t he pr es ent Convent ion which r elat e t o r es pons ibilit y of t he gover nment , by all legit imat e means , t o maint ain or re-es t ablis h law and or der in t he St at e r es pect for cult ur al pr oper t y. or to defend the national unity and territorial integrity of the State.

u 2. The par t ies t o the conflict s hall endeavour t o br ing int o for ce, by means of s pecial 4. N ot hing in t his Pr ot ocol s hall pr ejudice t he pr imar y jur is dict ion of a Par t y in whos e t er r it or y an ar med conflict agr eement s , all or par t of t he ot her pr ovis ions of t he pr es ent Convent ion. not of an int er nat ional char act er occur s over t he violat ions s et for t h in Ar t icle 15.

u 3. The U nit ed N at ions Educat ional, Scient ific and Cult ur al Or ganizat ion may offer it s 5. N ot hing in t his Pr ot ocol s hall be invoked as a jus t ificat ion for int er vening, dir ect ly or indir ect ly, for any r eas on what ever, in t he ar med conflict or in t he int er nal or ext er nal affair s of t he Par t y in t he t er r it or y of which t hat s er vices t o t he par t ies t o t he conflict . conflict occurs. u 4. The applicat ion of t he pr eceding pr ovis ions s hall not affect t he legal s t at us of t he 6. The applicat ion of t his Pr ot ocol t o t he s it uat ion r efer r ed t o in par agr aph 1 s hall not affect t he legal s t at us of par t ies t o t he conflict . the parties to the conflict. 7. U N ESCO may offer it s s er vices t o t he par t ies t o t he conflict .

Conclusion

u Ques t ions

u Thank You

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6 3/13/18 113 17. Professional Certificate in Heritage Management

Objectives

• Strengthen and Generate: • Professional Capac ity

• Community Engagement Professional Certificate • Appropriate Knowledge and skills for safe-guarding purposed. in Heritage Management

Koror, Palau, 31/8/17

Programme Make-Up Unit titles and Level of difficulties – PA P01

• There are 9 Units in total • Introduction to Heritage management (Core/Blended/Benchmark)

• To graduate, a student must complete 6 Units • Overview of the diverse forms of heritage management in the Pac ific

• It takes into account the dynamic interplay between natural and cultural • 3 Core c ourses heritage • 3 Elec tives • Broader contexts in which Pacific practises are anchored in

PAP02 – Heritage Conservation in the Pacific PAP03 – Cultural Heritage Stewardship and Sustainable Development in the Pacific • Core/Blended/Benchmark • Elective/Blended/Milestone

• Students will be exposed to the tensions between global economic imperatives and the need for conservation.

• Explain UN nomination processes and submission requirements. • Challenges in cultural management for sustainable management in Big Ocean States

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PAP04 – Natural Heritage and Sustainable PA P05- Planning and Practice for the Cultural Development in the Pacific Curator • E/B/M • E/B/M

• Compare and contrast Pacific understandings and global interpretations of • Multiple roles of the c ultural c urator culture and natural heritage • Developing skills in archiving, recording and exhibition of cultural artefacts

• Effective use of technology in managing professional cultural curatorial practice.

PA P06- The economics of Heritage PA P07- Sustainability Issues in Heritage Management Management and Tourism • E/B/M • E/B/M

• Cultural economy • Sociology of Tourism and heritage management • Creative/Cultural Industries • Cultural statistic s • Sustainable heritage tourism • Interdependence of tourism and heritage sectors • Relate heritage work with relevant regional policies and frameworks • Cost-benefit analysis and engagement with communities • Developing simple action plans for heritage tourism initiatives in- country.

PAP08 – Heritage Project Management PAP09 – Field Research (Practicum)

• E/B/M • C/B/Capstone

• Understanding of sustainable funding issues and opportunities for heritage • Generation of information and assessments to the whole enterprise practitioners and institutions in the Pacific • Note: all pre-requisites must be met prior to taking the unit • Negotiate and maintain relationship with other stakeholders.

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Programme Learning Outcomes Entry Level Qualifications

• Reflect critically on heritage management practices including in their own • Demonstrate the knowledge and skills of a professional heritage practitioner • Identify, analys e and problem-solve heritage management issues and challenges • Demons trate an understanding of the role of cultural/ natural heritage in the cons ervation and s afeguarding of Pacific Is land identity and cultural memory including pas t and current us age of heritage • Apply practical skills in the management of cultural heritage in the Pacific Proven record of relevant work • Undertake ethical applied research in the fields of cultural/natural heritage management and sustainable tourism practice

• Develop and Manage Heritage Projects • Communicate Pacific heritage issues appropriately to a range of audience

Inter-University Credit Exchange and Availability of Fellowship recognition

• Accreditation process on-going at USP • WASCS (US) • Programme still in its incubation period

• Professional Certificate equivalent to TWO Undergrad courses OR ONE Postgraduate Unit.

Financial Implication on USP member Recognising Intellectual Property Rights countries • Explicitly covered in PAP02

• Self-funding initiative • Embedded in the units

• User-pay (MBA, PTAFE • PAP0 2 to be pitched at milestone or capstone?

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Programme Learning Outcomes Entry Level Qualifications

• Develop and Manage Heritage Projects • Communicate Pacific heritage issues appropriately to a range of audience

Inter-University Credit Exchange and Availability of Fellowship recognition

• Accreditation process on-going at USP • WASCS (US) • Programme still in its incubation period

• Professional Certificate equivalent to TWO Undergrad courses OR ONE Postgraduate Unit.

Financial Implication on USP member Recognising Intellectual Property Rights countries • Explicitly covered in PAP02

• Self-funding initiative • Embedded in the units

• User-pay (MBA, PTAFE • PAP0 2 to be pitched at milestone or capstone?

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Desirability of developing additional modules for other UN Conventions Role of PHH in the programme besi de Worl d Heri tage Conventi on

• Lead role in the programme backed by resources in the Pacific Studies • I will relay this back to my superiors programme.

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18. ICOMOS and Pacifc

ICOMOS Pasifika Inte rnational Committe e of the Pacif ic Islands Professional non-government organisation for cultural ICOMOS and ICOMOS h er it age Current president: Christophe Sand, New Caledonia Pasifika Commenced 2007 Anita Smith Support, provide advice, expertise and training to people working in cultural heritage management in the r egio n , La Trobe University promote cooperation

Advocate best practice and lobby for in cr eased recognition of cultural heritage by governments and regional o r gan isat io n s

https://www.facebook.com/IcomosPacifikaFiji

ICOMOS ICOMOS and World Heritage

International Council of Monuments and Sites Advisory Bodies to the World Heritage Committee • ICOMOS International (based in Paris) ICOMOS for cultural heritage • ICOMOS National Committees IUCN for natural heritage • ICOMOS Scientific Committees ICCROM for training

ICOMOS and World Heritage ICOMOS and World Heritage Evaluation of nominations Monitoring

• whether it bears testimony of an outstanding universal value State of conservation of World Heritage • whether it meets the criteria of the Operational Guidelines Properties • whether it meets the conditions of authenticity and integrity • whether legal protection is adequate • whether the management processes are satisfactory. *Regional experts ICOMOS also makes every effort to be as objective, scientific and rigorous as possible.

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1 3/13/18 119 18. ICOMOS and Pacifc

ICOMOS Australia ICOMOS Pasifika and ICOMOS Australia

Australian National Committee of ICOMOS 200+ members Levuka Historic Port Town Heritage Conservation Workshop Heritage professionals (archaeologists, planners, architects, historians, landscape 11-15 May 2015 architects, etc) • The first hands-on project of the ICOMOS Pasifika Project Very active nationally and internationally Working Group collaboration between ICOMOS Pasifika, the Burra Charter guides cultural heritage National Trust of Fiji, and Australia ICOMOS management practice in Australia • shared experience and expertise • provided an opportunity for anyone involved in working on Collaborate with ICOMOS Pasifika and heritage buildings to come together with four technical experts ICOMOS NZ to collaborate and share experiences and knowledge. Annual conference http://australia.icomos.org/

Australia ICOMOS, ICOMOS Pasifika and ICOMOS New Zealand

Conference to share knowledge, celebrate the rich culture of the Pacific and discuss common issues on heritage conservation An ICOMOS across the region.

Conference Suva, Fiji (with a potential pre-conference workshop in Levuka WH 1-5 Oct 2018 To w n ) Suva, Fiji Four su bth e me s: 1. Heritage at Risk - Climate Change and Disa ste r s 2. Cultural Landscape Practice and Management “CULTURE : CONSE RVING IT 3. Diverse Communities - Intangible Heritage TOGETHER” 4. Heritage as a Pillar of Sustainable Development. An ICOMOS conference on heritage Watch th e E-News of the three Pacific region ICOMOS National conservation across the Pacific Committees for further announcements including the Call for Papers

Convenor: Kerime Danis (Australia ICOMOS) Co-convenors: Mary Knaggs (Australia IC OMOS) Adi Mere Ratunabuabua (ICOMOS Pasifika) Eliz abeth Edwards (IC OMOS Pasifika)

Thankyou for listening!

2 3/13/18

19. Group Discussion by Themes

OUTC OME AC TIVITY IMP LEMENTOR TIMEFRAME RESOURC ES ACTION PLAN1. WOW 1.Heritage Trails(2018-2020) Touris m Agencies 2018-2020 Funding EXPERIENCE/FIJI 2. Promotional Documentary Local Provincial Govt Donor s EXPERIENCE 3.Homes ta y s Chamber of commerce 4.Traditional Activities eg Communities Cooking, Farming ,etc Visitors Bureau Tour operators HPO 2. RETU RN IN G 1.Wow Experience Package Touris m Agencies 2018 -2020 VISITOR Local Provincial Govt Chamber of commerce Communities Visitors Bureau Tour operators 3. SU STAIN ABL E 1.Permit Fees Legislative bodies Legislative FINANCE 2.Craft sales Chamber of Commerce 2018 -2020 Framework 3. Tour Fees State gov ts Funding 4.Hotel room tax Technical expertise 5. Departure tax 6.Green tax 7.Impact Fees 8.Community bas ed agreements 4.STEWARDSHIP 1. Educ ation Touris m Agencies Funding 2. Awareness Local Provincial Govt 3. Nation building Chamber of commerce 2018 - 2020 4. C ommunity Enga ge me nt Communities 5. C ommunity Visitors Bureau Empow e r me nt Tour operators

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1 19. Group Discussion by Themes