SAINTS' NAMES IN RELATION TO SCOTTISH FAIRS. 159

II. THE INCIDENCE OP SAINTS' NAMES IN RELATION TO SCOTTISH FAIRS. BY SIB JAMES BALFOUR PAUL, C.V.O., LL.D., F.S.A. SCOT. The subject of Scottish Fairs in general has not received much attention from the student of past-time institutions, and the following notes, which do not pretend to be exhaustive even in regard to the special subject with which they deal, may perhaps incite someone better qualifie int o mattee g oth o d t tharm a mor nI e thoroughly. Fortunately, we have a very valuable foundation on which to build. Some time before 1888, a Royal Commission was appointed to inquire into the subject of market right tolld an ss withi e Unitenth d Kingdome Comth d - an , missioners durin e ensuinth g g years publishe a dserie f volumeo s s dealing wite minuteth h f evidenco s e taken before them, statistics regarding the various markets and fairs, and their reports thereon. These bluebooks exten o fourteet d n large folio volumes n voli : . vii., issued in 1890, there is an appendix by Sir James Marwick, then Town Cler f Glasgowko , containin e marketd th an g lisa f d fairo w t an sno s formerly held in Scotland, with notes as to the charters, Acts of Parlia- ment othed an , r document whicy b s righe hth holo t t d the s beemha n conferrede mor e th cas th f e eo n moderI . n fairs d eve an ,somn ni f eo older date mentioneds saint'o i n , y sda date th , e being merely gives na the second Tuesday in August or some such day. Altogether nearly 900 place mentionee ar s whicn i d lattewere hr o th fair e f r o ar sheld d an , some 311 are specified to have been held on the anniversary day of some particular saint. It is with the object of not letting this interesting collection of information, which it must have cost a great deal of labour to compile, be lost sight of, that this little paper has been prepared. Prefixe learnelisa e s tth i o dt d introductio whicn i r JamehSi s Marwick trace risprogrese d sth ean f fairo s s fro e earliesmth t times e dowth o nt present: it extends to ten folio pages in double columns. presene th r tFo purpos onls i t eyi necessar glanco yt e very brieflt ya the historical portion of the subject. Fairs have been held since times of immemorial antiquity: their origin, like that of most other institu- e Eastfoune b th t altions ln o bu i t ;dove worlds e i , rth , bot civilisen hi d savagd an e states e holdinth , distinguishina f fairs go wa s g featurn i e the social life of the people. They sprang up quite naturally, because wherever large number f persono s s were drawn togethe t fixea r d times for purposes of business, or religion, or pleasure, an inducement was offeremerchane th o dt pedla d an t supplo t r e assemblewante yth th f o s d 160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, APRIL. 8, 1918. multitude. Some of these Eastern fairs still exist; that at Hurdwar in India, on the upper course of the Ganges, is attended by from 200,000 to 300,000 persons annually largd ,an e quantitie merchandisf so immensd ean e number cattlef so , horses, sheep cameld an ,. sole it st ar d a Passing over foreign countrie comind an s Englando gt , ther littls ei e doubt that fairs of some sort existed in Saxon times, but it was only after Normae th n Conquest that the importann ya begae b o nt t feature th n ei nationa lrighe life Th o establist t. e th f ho markete on faird s san wa s royal prerogatives faird an , s existin prescriptioy gb n were presumeo dt have bee establishedo ns grantes wa t I d. largel religiouo yt s housest bu , often also to feudal lords and towns. The grantee of the privilege of holding a, fair was usually authorised" to exact: (1) tolls or reasonable charges on the sale of articles sold, or exposed for sale, in the fair; (2) stallag r paymeno e t for libert o erecyt t stalls packag) (3 ; r payeo - ment to the owner of the soil for leave to break it up for the erection of booths or stalls. There was attached to the fair a court of " piepowder " dustr o y feet, which administered justic e cas f th dispute eo n ei s between buyer and seller, and generally kept order in the fair. The lord of the s bounfaiwa r o providt d a epillor r otheo y r means f correctioo - r nfo the. punishmen offendersof t timAs e. wen fairon, t s grew greatlyin importance, and in 1792 it was calculated that about 3760 fairs were held in upwards of 1700 places in England. After this they rapidly decreased, and in 1888 fair's were held only in about 860 places. In Scotland fairs existed from a very early period. We find William the Lion granting to Jocelin, Bishop of Glasgow, some time between 1189 d 1198 e righan th ,hol o t t da yearl y fai laso t r t eight days froe mth octavee Apostleth f o s s Pete Paud an r l (6th July). This is I suppose, , e Glasgoworigie th th f no . Fair, which still flourishes t leasa r o t, forms an excuse for a week's holiday at that period of the year. And Alexande Decembed r III.2n n ,o r 1273, grante Aberdeeo dt e righnth f o t holdin annuan ga l fair fourteefo r n days from the .e Hol Feasth yf o t Trinity lawe Th s . regardin e holdingth f fairgo Scotlann i s d were very much the same in Scotland as in England, and occasionally we find evidenc f somo e e French influenc additionn i e tims A .e wen . fairon t s grew and multiplied till even the most out-of-the-way village places, the names of which are now quite unknown to the traveller in Scotland, could boast of their annual fair, on however small a scale it might be time on e t thera held d ean , must have been about 1000 fairs held through- e countryth t graduallt Bu ou . y other influences made themselves felt. Afte middle e eighteentth rth f eo h century, Scottish roads begae b o nt very much improve peopld dan e coul t aboudge t much more easilyd an ; with the advent of railways a hundred years later, it may be said that SAINTS' NAMES IN RELATION TO SCOTTISH FAIRS. 161 the high days of fairs were over. Besides, as manners and customs grew more civilised, the clergy set their faces against them, and there are many complaints in the pages of the Statistical Account of Scotland of the bad influence that such celebration morale peoplee th th e n f o so Th .d sha buyin sellind gan f cattlgo e still continue tima keer o eb dfo p certain fair thein so institutioe r legsth t leadine ,bu th y nb g cattle-dealere th n si countr f auctioyo n varioue martth t a s s railway centres brought this, too, to a vanishing point. It is well within the memory of many people still living tha Lore tth d Provos Magistrated an t f Edinburgso h useo dt gstatn oi opeo e t Halloe nth w Fair, whicoutskirte hels th n hdi wa f so existencn e cityi whicd th s an , hwa e certainly befort no eo d 1447 I . suppose they do it now, nor do I suppose the fair itself exists. It was going very stron Robergn i t Fergusson's celebratedayo ,wh poem a n i t si : " Near Edinbrough a fair there hads, there't wa I s riaiie whase nam, eis For strappin' dames and sturdy lads, stoupd an Anp , dmaica r famous Tha t thani t day." But, perhaps more than all the above causes, a piece of legislative action in 1846 sounded the death-knell of all fairs. This was the abolition of the exclusive privileges formerly enjoyed by freemen of burghs and member Merchane th f so t Guild. Thes formerld eha exclusive yth e right of trading in their respective toAvns, and it was only on fair days that this right was in abeyance. But this privilege being abolished by the Ac f Parliameno t f thao t t year, fairs became practically valuelessd an , the right of holding them fell gradually into disuse and disappeared after having served its day. The early fairs were so much associated with the celebrations of the Church t surprisin,no thas i t ti fino gt d mos thef o t m fixed with reference to the festival day of some particular saint. A parish generally held holiday on the anniversary of the saint to whom its church was dedi- cated. Special services woul held mordbe and , e tha usuanthe l average of parishioners would attend these. This would lead also to the attend- anc f travellineo g merchants takin e opportunitgth e concoursth f yo o et sell their wares and supply the domestic wants of the people. But we mus t pustno h thi faro sto . Fairs were ofte nfestivae helth n do l dayf so saints who apparently had no connection with the locality. Thus we should have expected Aberdeen would have had a St Nicholas fair at a t ntil no learl s 159 yestablisheds wa 0 periodt thawa i t t i t bu ,e th , previous fairs being held on the feasts of the Holy Trinity and of St Michae f Monto l e Tumba. Perhap explainee b s face y thith tsma y db that St Nicholas Day falls on 6th December, in the very middle of winter, 1 1 VOL. LII. 162 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , APRI , 1918L8 .

and it is obvious that winter saints are at a disadvantage as regards the celebratio othee th n festivalre o handth t faira f no Bu y ,.b s Edinburg h never had a St Giles fair, as might have been expected, though that saint'e firs f Septemberth fallo y t n sda o s . But this agai juss t a nwa t the time when the crops would be in process of being gathered in and people would be too busy to attend a fair. Let us see, however, how the saints stand in relation to the fairs in Scotland. I have noted from Sir James Marwick's list and other sources about 317 fairs called after 102 saints; but this does not mean 317 different places, or even 102 different saints, for some towns had four or even more fairs in the year, and several saints were held in honour on more than one day: the Blessed Virgin being commemorated on leso n s tha r festivalsns indeei he five f e moso eth dSh .t populaf o r the holy personages who gave their names to fairs, as thirty-one such gathering Scotlann si d r daysr othewero he f e .eo r on helFiv n f do eo these fairs were held on the day of the Annunciation, 25th March— a convenient enough spring fixture; two were held on the Feast of the Assumption, 15th August leso n s d thaan ; n thirtee r natahe n l no day , h Septembero8t n e Purificationth : r Candlemaso , , however, beina g winter feast (2nd February), was only honoured in two or three places, Kinloss and Moulin (and possibly Banff); and the Conception, a still more wintry fair, falling as it did in December, in only one. Nex popularitn i t a patro s a y n sain f fairo t s come t MichaeS s e th l Archangel, who stands with twenty-seven to his credit. His day, no doubt ,conveniena fel t a l t season29te th h n Septembeo ; harvese th r t might be considered to be at an end, and generally it was a season of resrefreshmend an t t surprisin afteno s i r t toili go s ;tha l oveal t r the country from Thurso to Kirkcudbright and from St Andrews to Campbel- town fairs wer t whas daye Bu hi hels surprisin i .tn do thas gi an i t place where there was a special dedication in his honour, such as Linlithgow, no fair should have been held on St Michael's day. In the seventeenth century the burgh had no less than six fairs in the year, the principa commemoratine lon g St. Mary Magdalene t ther nons ,bu ewa e in honou Archangele th f ro . Next to St Michael in point of popularity as a patron- of fairs cornea St Peter, who is responsible for the name of twenty-five fairs. These,. commemoratehoweverdays e i e on h : n o l , wer al prisonea t s eno da n i r chain Petet s (S Vincula d ra eleven )i n cases, whict surprisinno s hi g seeing that this festival fell at Lammastide on the 1st August; either in his own apostolic person or in conjunction with St Paul he gave his name fourteeo t n whicf fairso l al ,h were r abou helo n do t 29th June. Part of this popularit ascribee b hig e y th hyo d ma t positio n whic hele hh th n di e SAINTS NAME RELATION I S SCOTTISO NT H FAIRS3 16 . 1 hagiology of the Roman Church, but much of it, I have no doubt, may be put down to a more natural source—the genial season of the year at which both functions were held. It is curious to find that only eleven fairs of the number under dis- cussion derived their name fro patroe mth n sain f Scotlando t stild ,an l more curious that in only one place, Kirkintilloch, can the holding of such a fair be traced previous to 1600. In earlier times the cult of St Andrew doe t see no shavm o t e bee grean ni t vogue locad an , l saints were r reason,fo t difficulsno imagineo t t , much more popula countrn i r y parishes tha t AndrewnS cathedran .ow s Evehi l n n citi firs e yth t notice of a fair called after him is only in 1614. St James shares wit t AndrehS e honouwth f naminro g eleven fairs, but he had the advantage of having his festival day at a better season of the year, 25th July instead of 30th November. All the above-mentioned saints have been scriptural ones; the next in orde f popularito r t mentioneno s yi Holn di y Writ t LaurenceS , y Wh . this Spanish saint should have been so popular in Scotland is difficult to understand. Dedications to him have been traced to nearly forty hospitals, churches, and chapels throughout the country. His day was 15th July, s commemorateandwa t ,i n places fairte y b de principan i sth ; l being those at Dunblane (though he does not seem to have been the patron saint of the see) and at Edzell, where for many years there was a curious quadrangular bell calle t Laurence'dS s Bell. t MartiS n specifically gav s namhi y e o da nint e s ehi fairs t bu , (15th November) being one of the half-yearly " term days " in Scotland, many other placeholidaa d tha 1 faisd ha t01 yr an date though they were not specially associated with his name. The t JohbirtS Baptise f hnth o s celebrate wa te Churc th y n db o h 24t hhave Junerecorw e eth d f an ,eighd o t fairs being hel than do t day; one of them, at Linlithgow, seems to have come down from the days of s beheadingHi Rober . II e anniversart th , f whico ys heln wa o hd 29th August, was kept in remembrance in two places only: Perth, of whicpatroe th s h ntow wa saint e Lauder—thd nh an ; e latter fair being, however, a comparatively modern institution dating from 1670. t LukeS belovee th , d physician s responsibli , namine th r efo f seve go n fairs held on his day, 18th October, of which the most ancient was that held at Aberdeen, which is mentioned in a charter of 1489. St Maelrubha was, in the matter of fairs, the most popular Celtic saint Scotlandn i . Coming from Irelan youna s da g man spene ,h ts moshi f to a missionar lifs a e y pries Ross-shiren i t fair x e knowSi ar s. havo nt e been named after him, mostlnorte th f Scotlandho n yi t Pitlessiebu , , Fife, s helday e 27thi da faith , n ho r August. 164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, APRIL 8, 1918.

St Denis, the patron saint of France, whose festiva,! was held on 18th October, and St Columba and St Marnock were the titular, saints of five fairs each : the latter saint's day fell on 1st -March, but it seems to have been more frequently celebrated in October. St Mary Magdalene also gave her name to five fairs held on 22nd July, and the occurrence of this saint's name in connection with a fair held at Fyvie makes it probabl titulae Priore t Marth th S s f f thaern yo yo i wa tha e t parishsh t , thoug usualls ha t hi y been attribute Blessee th o dt d Virgin. The following saints have four fairs each to their credit: St Catherine of a Alexandriawinte s wa r o saint r wh festiva, he , l being celebrated on 25th November; St Margaret of Aiitioch, the virgin martyr after who r Queemou n Margare s saii t havo dt e been named commemos wa , - rated on 25th July; and St Simon and St Jude had a joint festival on 28th October. Twelve saints were titular thref so e fairs each; twenty-seven were eth patrons of two each; while thirty-nine make but a single appearance in mlast-mentionee yth f listO . d som dozeo eCeltitw e nar nativr co e saints. Of foreigner s easi t understano yi st selectioe dth f somno e well-known names like St Bernard, St Boniface, or St Francis of Assisi; but what influence accomplished the inclusion of devotees like St Apollinaris or St Constantine, the Cornish king (not the emperor of that name), is more difficult to determine. It may be here mentioned that the fairs were not always held on, r eveo n about e exacth , e tfestiva e sainth datth f f eo to lcelebrated . Thus Dornoch originally held St Barr's Fair on its proper saint's day, 25th September changes 159n wa i t t 2i 15to ,bu dt h October because eth corn standing " stoukit destroyes "cattlwa e th y ed b repairin faire th . o gt Amon e curiositiegth connection i s n wit noticee hb fairy dma s that hel t Christ'da s Kirk, Kenneth monte montth f n Mayi ,ho t begaI . t na sunse ended houe an t don r after sunrise next morning. Froms thiwa t si known as the Sleepy Market. About 1759 the proprietor of Bannes, who e fair wath e lor ,f th s d o change t dfroi m nighpeople th dayo t t t ebu , w;ere, dissatisfie neglected dan t daltogetheri . Another quaint fact we meet with in connection with saints' names e occurrencfaird th an s si f severaeo l purely bogus saint sthi; coursf so e only happens after the Reformation. These were evidently coined in honou e lair th whoo dt f ro righe mth f holdino t s grantedfaie gth wa r . Thus we find that Sir George Munro of Culraine in Kinross-shire had a charter in 1670 authorising him to hold two fairs in that little hamlet: one on 20th calleJune b o et d Munro's Fair anothed an , 24tn o r h September to be called St George's Fair, the real St George's festival being on 23rd April. Amongst the four fairs granted to Thomas Forbes of SAINTS' NAME RELATION I S SCOTTISO NT H FAIRS. 165 Waterton in 1695 to be held at Ellon, there was a St Jean's Fair, a St Thomas Fair, and a St Elizabeth Fair, all probably referring to himself and his family. Other similar instances could be mentioned. I shall not go further into detail, as I should only weary you by repeatin glis a f nameso t havI . e mad esynopsia varioue th f so s saints and the places where fairs were held in their honour, to which anyone desirous of going more thoroughly into the subject may refer. Such a student will finr JameSi d s Marwick's report, whic hI hav e mentioned above, an invaluable assistance, though he does not claim that it is exhaustive. Referenc alsy e latr Mackinlay'made th ob ma eM o et s excellent volumes on church dedications in Scotland, and to Dom. Barrett's little book on Scottish Saints, from both of which I have obtained additional information.

SYNOPSI F SAINTSO S ' NAMES, With the places in which Fairs named after them were held. [The figures in brackets after the names of places indicate the earliest year in which mention is mad recordn e i faie th r f beinso g heldt sucBu h. mention often indicate mersa e confirmation of olde wely tha e rfais e beeb ma l rightst th ha ri n d helan , d fro mdata e much anterio thao rt t text.givee th n n]i Adamnan.St 23rd September. Anne,St motherB.V.M.the of Dull. 2Qth July. Crawfordjohn (1668). Adrian.St 3rd March. Inveruchil (1686). Pittenweem (1541). Torsukbeg, Mull (1681). The Blessed Alexander. Qth August. Keith. Anthony.St Ylth January. Halkerston (1612). St Andretv. '30th November. Glenorchy. Apoll'inaris.St '23rd July. Golspie (1630). Inveriirie (1558). New Keith (1701). Kirkintilloch (1588). St Ba,rchan. 4th August. Old Meldrum (1669). Tain (1588). Perth (1600). Kilbarchau. Old Rayue. St Andrews (1614). BarrSt (Finbar). 25th September. Stornoway (1607). Dornoch (1630). Strathdon. Tarvis (1681). Bartholomew).St 25th August. AndrewSt Boy.the 1th July. Clackmannan (1517). Glass (1681). Scone (1672). Inverness (1592). Peebles (1544). St Angus. August. Boniface.St Wth March. Balquhidder. Fortrose (1661). 166 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , APRI , 1918L8 . St Barnabas, llth June. St Comgall. 9th May. Crawford (1542). Durris (1669). Drem (1616). Congan.St 13th October. Kildrummy (1593). Turriff (1512). St Boisel (Bos^vell). 18th June. St Conan. 28th January/. St Boswells. Glenorcliy (1669). St Brandan. IGth May. St Cuthbert. 20th March. Kilbirnie. Inveraray (1474). Ordiquhill (1617). Ruthwell (1508). BridgetSt (Bride). February.1st St David. 1st March. Kildrummy. Kennoway (1681). BriocSt (Broc). May.1st [This, however, was more likely to have been named after David Bethune Rothesay. e charteth of t Balfougo r cono wh -r Coull. ferring the right to hold the fair.] St Callen. 28th November. St Denis. Qth October. Rogart (1630). Peebles [1544J. St Caran. 23rd December. Newmilns r (1491)Ay , , Anstruther Easter (1571). Perth. Drem (1616). St Garden. Rothiemay (1617). Golspie. Loth. St Devenic. Uth November. Methlic. CatherineSt Alexandria.of 25th Milto f Gleneskno . November. Kincardine (1541). St Donan. llth April. Newburgh. Auchterless. Greenward (1686). Kildonan (1630). Ballegarno (1695). Drostan.St 14th December. CatherineSt of Siena. 30th April. Old Deer. Kinlochleven (1541). Rothiemay (1617). St Constantine. llth March. t Duthac.S h March8t d an Duimichen. 30th December. Tain (1588) held a, St Duthac's St Chad. '2nd March. fair on both these days. Logierait. St Orchard (Merchard,). 24th St Clement, Pope. 23rd November. A ugust. Dundee (1491). Kincardine O'Neil (1511). Pittemveem (1526). Burntisland (1573). Ethernan.St December.2nd Porfar. St Columba. Qth June. Dunkeld (1512). St Fergus. 18th November. Gogo (1595). Wick. Largs. Glammis (1491). Inverlochie (1684). Torsukbeg (1681) [held on 5th Felix,St Pope. 30th May. March]. Sanquhar (1484). SAINTS1 NAMES IN RELATION TO SCOTTISH FAIRS. 167

St Fillan. John St Baptist.the Killallau. Birth of. 21th June. St Fotin (Potiri). 2nd June. Arbroath (1599). Torry, Kincardineshire (1495). Ayr (1261). Dalmeny (1616). St Francis ssisi.oA f Wh October. Dumbarton (1226). Mauchline (1510). Fraserburgh (1546). Swinton (1693) Glassauch (1681). St Fumac. 3rd May. Tain (1588). Linlithgow. Botriphiiie. Durniet. Beheading 29thof. August. Chapel of Dene. Watten. Perth (1600). Lauder (1670). Fyndoca.St 13th October. Dunning (1511). . Simon SS Jude. t Jude.d e S an Se George.St 23rd April. St Kessog (Mackessog). 10th March. Cromdale (1609). Callander. Stornoway (1607). Auchterarder. Cumbrae. St Gilbert. 1st April. Dornoch (1630). St La^lrence. 10th July. Dunblaiie. St Giles. 1st September. Bdzell (1692). Elgin. Greenock (1635). Moffat (1662). Gretna (1693). St Helen. 3rd May. Hamilton (1549). Methlick (1681). Greenlaw (1596). Old Rayne (1493). St Inan. 18th August. Saltcoats (1576). Beith. Selkirk (1576). Strathaven (1450). St James the Great. 25th July. Forf ar (1665). St Leonard. Qth November. Barnhill. Jedburgh (1641). Kelso. Largo (1513). Musselburgh (1562). St Luke, llth October. Ordiquhill (1617). Paisley (1665). Old Aberdeen (1459). Rowardennan (1686). Kinross (1541). Kinghorn (1617). Rutherglen (1517). Roxburgh. Sanquhar (1598). Sanquhar (1484). Cromdale (1609). Spittal, Caithness (1707). Dalmeny (1616). St James the Less. 1st May. Machan.St 15th November. New Keith (1701). Kilmahog [transferreo t d Doune 1669]. [See also SS. Philip and James. \ Jerome.St 30th September. St Machar. 12th November. Prestonpans (1617). Tain (1588). Banff (1592). Dunbalacli, latterly trans- ferre Beaulo t d y [called t "S JohnSt Evangelist.the 27th Maurice," but probably refers December. to this saint under his Latin Deskford (Cullen). name, Mauritius]. 168 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , APRI , 1918L8 .

St Magnus, trs. ISth December. 'St Mary, the Blessed Virgin—contd. Watten. Assumption. 15th August. St Malachi. 25th June. Banff (1592). Milto Balvenif no e (1615). Dunglass (1489). St Malrube (Maelrubha). 27th Fochabers (1599). August. Inverness (1592). Irvine (1578). Contiu. Jedburgh (1641). Forres. Kinloss (1497). Fordyce. Keith. Kintore (1507). Pitlessie (1541). Kilmalie (1684). Lairg (1630). Monymusk [1589]. Margaret,St d.Q. Wth November. September.Birth8th of. Closeburn (1681). Ballinclach (1497). Lauder (1670). Banff (1592). Balquhapple (1695). Bervie (1595). Bonnakettle, Aberdeenshire St Margaret ofAntioch. 20th July. (1701). Dairy, Ayrshire. Dunbar (1603). Kirkliston (1621). Fochabers (1599). Dornoch (1630). Greenlaw (1596). Wick. Irvine (1578). St Mark. 25th April. Kennoway (1681) [24th Sept.]. Gartmore. Saltcoats (1576). Inverness. Stirling (1447). Marnoch.St March.1st Terregles (1510). Kilmarnock [20th October]. Conception. December.8th Kilmalcolm [November]. Fochabers (1599). Paisley [1488]. Aberchirder. Purification. 2nd February St Martin, llth November. (Candlemas). Banff (1591). Culross (1588). Kinloss (1497). Dunbar (1603). Moulin (1681). Hamilton (1549). Inverness (1592). St Mary Magdalene. 22nd July. Lauder (1502). Melrose (1621). Fyvie (1672) [31st July]. • Newburgh, Aberdeen (1509). Kildrummy (1670). Linlithgow. Translatio relicsf no t MartinS , f o Lochmaben (1612). Bullione. July.ith Sanquhar (1598). Selkirk (1641). Tyrebagger Hill, Aberdeen- St Mattheiv. 21st September. shire (1705). Culross (1490). St Mary, the Blessed Virgin. Cumnock (1509). Annunciation. 25th March. Nairn (1529). Maurice.St 22nd September. Anstruther Wester (1587). Dounie, Inverness-shire. Fochabers (1599). Broughton. Geddes (1600). Thurso (1633). St Methven. 6th November. Banff (1592). Foulis Wester. SAINTS' NAMES IN RELATION TO SCOTTISH FAIRS. 169

MichaelSt Archangel.the 29th St Nicholas. 8th December. September. Aberdeen (1617). Abercorn (1603). Aiistruther Wester (1541). Aberdeen (1590). Barlsferry (1589). Annan (1612). Ayr (1458). Ninian.St IQth September. Campbeltowii (1700). Arbroath (1599). Crieff (1672). Inveraray (1641). Cromdale (1608). Kiiighorn (1611) [held at Whit- Dalkeith (1540). suntide] . Dramlithie (1602). Whithorn (1459). Praserburgh (1546). Gairloch (1679). Olaf.St 30th March. Galashiels (1617). Kirkwall [held in August]. Haddington (1624). St Palladius. Qth July. Iiiveraray (1574). Pordoun (1554). Inverbroray (1601). Kilmichael-Glassary (1705). St Patrick. 17th March. Kinglassie (1649). Dumbarton (1600). Kinkell (1563). Kirkcudbright (1455). St Paul, Conversion of. 25th Kirkmichael, Perthshire (1511). January. Leslie (1457). Tarves (1681). Lochmaben (1612). Moulin (1681). Peter.St 2Qth June. Nairn (1588). Biggar (1589). Portsoy (1550). Bowden (1571). St Andrews (1614). Cromdale (1609). Thurso (1633). Fortrose (1592). Fyvie (1672). St Mirrin. 15th September. Galston. Paisley (1488). Haddington (1542). Houston. St Moluag (Lughaidh). 25th June. Inverbroray (1601). Clatt (1501). Thurso (1633). Alyth. St Peter and St Paul. 29th June. Taiiand. Burntisland (1541). Glasgow (1199). St Monan. 1st March. Peebles (1544). St Monans (1596). Whithorn (1511). Durris (1541). PeterSt Vincula.ad August1st St Monoch. 30th October. (Lammas). Campbeltowii (1700). Steveiiston. Huntly (1415). Maybole (1516). Mund.St 21st October. Inverbroray (1601). Kilmun (1490). Melrose (1621). Ruthven (1504). Merton (1504). Myreton, Wigtownshire (1477). Nathalan.St January.8th Newburgh, Aberdeenshire (1509). Cowie, Killcardineshire (1541). t AndrewS s (1614). Ttilloch, Glenmuick. Stranraer (1595). Bothelvie (Old Meldruin). Turriff (1512). 170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, APRIL 8, 1918. James.PhilipSt St May.1st and St Thomas the Apostle. 20th December. Pitlessie (1541). Crieff (1672). Inverness (1592). Pontian.St November. Portsoy (1595). Kinudie (1633). ThomasSt Beckett.a 7th July. St Regulus (Rule). 21st October. Arbroath (1599). Cromarty (1593). Closeburn (1681). Monifieth (1669). Kemiethmont. St Trid'uana. 8th October. Serf.St 1st July. Rescobie. Abercorn (1603). Auehterinuchty (1517). St Valentine. Uth February. Culross (1592). Methlick (1681). Easter Aberleduock (1681). Culsalmond (1591). St Wallach. 2&th January•; Logie-Mar. St Simon and St Jude. '28th October. Edinglassie. Clackmannan (1551). Kirkliston (1621). St Vigean (Fechin). 20th January. Prestonpans (1552). Arbroath (1599). Sanquhar (1484). St Vinning (Finian). '22nd March. Talarivan.St 30th October. Kilwinning [held on 1st February]. Pordyce (1499). Migvie [Tarlaiidj.