DOCSLIB.ORG

Cudlee Creek Fire

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cudlee Creek Fire Bushfire Investigation Cudlee Creek Bushfire (20 December 2019) Office of the Technical Regulator Preface This technical investigation report has been prepared by the Office of the Technical Regulator (OTR) pursuant to the objectives, powers and functions conferred on it by the Electricity Act 1996. Specifically, these include, amongst other things the monitoring and regulation of safety and technical standards in the electricity supply industry and the administration of the provisions of this Act relating to the clearance of vegetation from powerlines. 2 Contents Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Scope ................................................................................................................................................... 5 Objectives............................................................................................................................................ 5 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Background ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Declarations ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Technical Investigation ........................................................................................................................... 8 SAPN and CFS Site Observations ......................................................................................................... 8 OTR Site Observations ........................................................................................................................ 8 SA Power Networks Incident Report .................................................................................................. 9 SAPN Protection Equipment Operation ............................................................................................ 10 LiDAR Information ............................................................................................................................. 10 Google Earth Image Review .............................................................................................................. 10 Electricity (Principles of Vegetation Clearance) Regulations 2010 ................................................... 10 Prevailing Weather Information ....................................................................................................... 11 Findings and Conclusions ...................................................................................................................... 12 The Fire Source ................................................................................................................................. 12 Auto Circuit Recloser Operations ...................................................................................................... 12 Vegetation Clearance ........................................................................................................................ 12 3 Summary On Friday 20 December 2019 during severe fire conditions a fire commenced in the vicinity of Hollands Creek Rd, Cudlee Creek, which quickly spread through the Adelaide Hills, causing loss of one life as well as destruction of numerous houses and other assets. In cooperation with the Country Fire Service (CFS) and SA Police (SAPOL) the OTR established the likely cause of the fire start as a tree that had fallen onto an 11 kilovolt (kV) powerline. The point of ignition was adjacent to a pine tree plantation near Holland Creek Rd. The base of the tree that fell was approx. 6.8m horizontally away from the closest conductor. The tree was estimated to be 24m high, hence making it possible for the tree to contact the powerline when it fell over. As the agency responsible for the monitoring and regulation of safety and technical standards in the electricity supply industry the Office of the Technical Regulator (OTR) reviewed the incident to assess if breaches of the Electricity Act 1996 had occurred which might have contributed to the fire start. From the evidence observed on the site and review of information provided by SA Power Networks (SAPN) the OTR determined that the tree that fell was at a distance greater than the minimum clearance distance required by the Electricity (Principles of Vegetation Clearance) Regulations 2010, however due to its height it was able to contact a conductor when it fell. The OTR could not identify any indicators that could have enabled a reasonable person to identify this tree failure prior to the event. Based on the findings of this investigation the OTR concluded that no further technical investigation into this incident regarding electrical infrastructure is warranted. 4 Introduction Scope This report details the findings of a technical investigation by the OTR of the causes of and contributing factors to a fire that originated at a location along an 11kV electricity line with the feeder ID GU43. The location is approx. 6.5km north‐west of Lobethal. The investigation details the evidence gathered to support the technical conclusion reached and outlines the relevant standard that applies to vegetation management near the distribution network at this location. Objectives The OTR’s objectives were to: Establish whether electrical infrastructure played a role in the cause of the fire; Determine whether relevant technical standards had been maintained; Assess if relevant procedures had been followed; and Provide assistance to other investigating agencies, such as SA Police and the Country Fire Service. For the investigation the OTR took the following information into account: Information provided by SAPN: o Investigation Report o Email correspondence OTR site visit and observations Discussions with investigators from SA Police and CFS Google Earth images Methodology As part of their investigation the OTR undertook the following actions: Requesting and reviewing specific information from SAPN, including their investigation report and reports on the operation of protection equipment Assessing the information provided against relevant requirements, including legislated clearance distances and relevant operational procedures Visiting the location of the fire start, measuring distances between powerlines and vegetation to establish if any breaches of vegetation clearance zones had been likely prior to the fire Meeting with the CFS to seek independent confirmation on the likely cause of the fire A review of Google Earth historic images Background On Friday 20 December 2019 during challenging weather conditions with elevated temperatures and high wind speeds a fire started near Snake Gully Rd, Cudlee Creek. With a very high level of certainty it was determined that a pine tree had fallen onto an 11kV powerline, which started the fire that quickly spread throughout the Adelaide Hills. 5 Figure 1: Fire Start Location For the purposes of maintaining legislated distances between vegetation and powerlines the area where the fire started is classified as a “bushfire risk area” as defined in regulation 3 of the Electricity (Principles of Vegetation Clearance) Regulations 2010. Figure 2: Bushfire Risk Classification under the Electricity (Principles of Vegetation Clearance) Regulations 2010 6 Declarations A Total Fire Ban and Catastrophic Bushfire Fire Danger Rating for the Mount Lofty Ranges had been declared by the CFS on 19 December 2020 at 4:22pm.1 A Bushfire Advice Message was first issued by the CFS at 9:22am on 20 December 20202, and quickly escalated to an Emergency Warning Message for a fire burning in catastrophic bushfire conditions3. The Bureau of Meteorology on 19 December issued the following advice at 4:32pm for the following day: Forecast for Friday 20 December: Very hot. Afternoon cool change. Cloud developing with dust haze possible in the late morning and afternoon. Slight (30%) chance of a shower or thunderstorm in the afternoon and evening. Winds northeasterly 30 to 45 km/h increasing to 50 km/h before shifting south to southwesterly 30 to 45 km/h in the late afternoon. The CFS information combined with the BoM’s weather forecast for 20 December 2019 resulted in a forecast SA Power Networks Fire Danger Level Rating of FDL2. 1 https://www.cfs.sa.gov.au/site/home/criimson/cfs_fire_ban_and_fire_danger_rating_issued_19_dec_162400 03552.jsp 2 https://www.cfs.sa.gov.au/site/home/criimson/advice_message_cudlee_creek_issued_20_dec_09230003563. jsp?display_expired=t 3 https://www.cfs.sa.gov.au/site/home/criimson/emergency_warning_message_cudlee_creek_issued_20_dec_ 09330003565.jsp?display_expired=t 7 Technical Investigation SAPN and CFS Site Observations Following an initial investigation by the CFS it emerged that SAPN’s infrastructure had likely been involved in the fire start, prompting an internal investigation by SAPN. Both SAPN and the CFS have confirmed to the OTR that the likely cause of the fire had been a pine tree from a plantation that had fallen onto an 11kV powerline. Evidence gathered by the CFS and SAPN and sighted by the OTR appears to strongly support
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cudlee Creek Fire Recovery Newsletter
    Cudlee Creek fire recovery newsletter Issue 18 | 8 March 2021 In this issue communities who have been part of both the From the Recovery Coordinator ................ 1 Local Recovery Committee and the Community Hills Major Funding Announcement .......... 2 Reference Group, to ensure this smooth One Year On ................................................ 2 transition. Regenerate Exhibition at Fabrik ................ 3 Affected communities will be advised on how to Bushfire Kids Connect BMX Jam .............. 4 access support for matters that arise after the CAMHS bushfire response team ............... 4 end of March 2021 in due course. Bushfire Expo on Show at Lobethal .......... 5 Community Public Art Project .................... 6 Over the coming weeks, many recovery Festival of the Hills ..................................... 6 initiatives and events will be focused on bringing CFS online learning module for educators 7 your communities together and re-establishing, Upcoming grant deadlines ......................... 7 and perhaps even improving, arrangements and Events ......................................................... 8 support that was in place before 20 December Contact information .................................... 8 2019. Dedicated mental health and wellbeing and business support services will be available after March 2021, and well into the future. From the Recovery Coordinator Miranda Hampton has taken up the position of As many of you would know Senior Community Resilience Officer in Adelaide by now, there is a lot of work Hills Council, but will remain a familiar face and underway to prepare for the contact in the area as she plans to continue in transition to community-led her Community Recovery Officer role one day recovery. On 26 March, the per week. It has been an absolute pleasure Lobethal Recovery Centre will working with Miranda, as I’m sure you’d agree.
    [Show full text]
  • Forestrysa Cudlee Creek Forest Trails Fire Recovery Strategy
    ForestrySA Cudlee Creek Forest Trails Fire Recovery Strategy November 2020 Adelaide Mountain Bike Club Gravity Enduro South Australia Human Projectiles Mountain Bike Club Inside Line Downhill Mountain Bike Club Acknowledgements ForestrySA would like to take the opportunity to acknowledge the achievement of those involved in the long history of the Cudlee Creek Trails including a number of ForestrySA managers, coordinators and rangers, staff from other Government agencies such as Primary Industries SA, Office for Recreation, Sport and Racing, Department for Environment and Water and the Adelaide Hills Council. Bike SA has played a key role in the development of this location since the early 2000s and input provided from the current and former Chief Executives is acknowledged. Nick Bowman has provided a significant input to the development of this location as a mountain bike destination. Volunteer support and coordination provided by Brad Slade from the Human Projectiles MTB Club, other club members and the Foxy Creakers have also been a significant help. ForestrySA also acknowledges the support from Inside Line MTB Club, the Adelaide Mountain Bike Club and more recently the Gravity Enduro MTB Club and all other volunteers and anyone who has assisted with trail development, auditing , maintenance and event management over many years. This report was prepared by TRC Tourism for ForestrySA in relation to the development of the Cudlee Creek Forest Trails Fire Recovery Strategy Disclaimer Any representation, statement, opinion or advice, expressed or implied in this document is made in good faith but on the basis that TRC Tourism Pty. Ltd., directors, employees and associated entities are not liable for any damage or loss whatsoever which has occurred or may occur in relation to taking or not taking action in respect of any representation, statement or advice referred to in this document.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Mount Lofty Ranges PWRA 2015 Surface Water Status Report
    Western Mount Lofty Ranges PWRA 2015 Surface water status report Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources 81–95 Waymouth Street, Adelaide GPO Box 1047, Adelaide SA 5001 Telephone National (08) 8463 6946 International +61 8 8463 6946 Fax National (08) 8463 6999 International +61 8 8463 6999 Website www.environment.sa.gov.au Disclaimer The Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources and its employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use, or results of the use, of the information contained herein as regards to its correctness, accuracy, reliability, currency or otherwise. The Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources and its employees expressly disclaims all liability or responsibility to any person using the information or advice. Information contained in this document is correct at the time of writing. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © Crown in right of the State of South Australia, through the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources 2016 ISBN 978-1-925510-10-2 This document is available online at www.waterconnect.sa.gov.au/Systems/GSR/Pages. To view the Western Mount Lofty Ranges PWRA Surface water status report 2012–13, which includes background information on rainfall, streamflow, salinity, water use and water dependent ecosystems, please visit the Water Resource Assessments page on WaterConnect. For further details about the Western Mount Lofty Ranges PWRA, please see the Water Allocation Plan for the Western Mount Lofty Ranges PWRA on the Natural Resources Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges website.
    [Show full text]
  • Sauvignon Blanc & Shirazvarietalstudy 2004
    SAUVIGNON BLANC & SHIRAZ VARIETAL STUDY 2004 - 2007 FINAL REPORT SEPTEMBER 2007 REPORT PREPARED BY: DAVIDSON VITICULTURAL CONSULTING SERVICES Varietal Benchmarking Study Final report S a u v i g n o n B l a n c & S h i r a z TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................................... -5 - 1.0 BACKGROUND TO PROJECT................................................................................................... -6 - 2.0 LOCATION OF PROJECT VINEYARDS.................................................................................... -6 - 3.0 METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................................... -7 - 3.1 Major assessment details ....................................................................................................... -7 - 3.2 Minor assessment details ....................................................................................................... -8 - 3.3 Data collection and analysis overview.................................................................................... -8 - 4.0 SAUVIGNON BLANC.................................................................................................................. -9 - 4.1 MANAGEMENT PRACTICES............................................................................................. -9 - 4.1.1 Forreston...................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sa Organic Strawberries, South Australia
    APPENDIX 21 CASE STUDY: SA ORGANIC STRAWBERRIES, SOUTH AUSTRALIA In 2001, Plamen moved to Australia while Sonja followed in LOBETHAL, SOUTH AUSTRALIA 2008. Plamen worked with NASAA (The National Association for Sustainable Agriculture Australia) in several capacities, including as an organic inspector and on the inspection review committee. Plamen Paraskevov and his wife Sonja Bognarova grow certified He also helped convert farms to organic production, including a organic strawberries in Lobethal, in the beautiful Adelaide Hills. vineyard, Temple Bruer Wines, and a broadacre farm, AW Go Plamen studied agronomy at the Agricultural University in Plovdiv, Organics, before setting up some trials to start his own small Bulgaria, before specialising in organic farming, through organic market garden. undertaking a Master of Science from Wageningen University in Their first small block of organic strawberries were planted in the the Netherlands. After graduating, he worked on a number of 2010-2011 season, and the strawberry plantings slowly grew international projects funded by the European Union, focused on from 1 acre to a planting now of 25 acres of certified organic introducing organic farming practices to Central and Eastern strawberries. Plamen says it was a rocky road to get to where they Europe. are, and it continues to have its ups and downs, although they are far more experienced now to deal with problems that come their way. From the beginning, all the crops they have grown have been organically certified, and they say they would not consider any other production system. They believe that growing organically is viable enough to be a profitable production system for commercial production.
    [Show full text]
  • Around the Orchard February 2019
    Newsletter of the Apple and Pear Growers Association of South Australia Inc. in conjunction with the Cherry Growers Association of South Australia Inc Around the Orchard5 Plummers Road, Lenswood, S.A. 5240 Newsletter of the Apple and Pear Growers Association of South Australia Inc. 1655 Lobethal Road, Lenswood,Ph: 08 8389 S.A. 84535240 Vol.11 No 1. January/February 2019 Ph: 08 8389 8300 [ExtWebsite 105] Fax: www.apgasa.com 08 8389 8570 Vol.4 No.5 July 2012 Email: [email protected]: Susie Green Editor: Susie Green Latest Industry News Page 2 Cherry Promotions, Fruit Fly Outbreak in Loxton Page 3 Hort Innovations seeking input into new strategic direction, Family and Business Support Program Page 4 South Australian Cherry industry - where to from here? Page 5 Soil Carbon Pages 6 & 7 A hive of activity in the Adelaide Hills Page 8 Churchill Fellowships Now Open, Grey-headed Flying-foxes Key Dates Wed 6 March 2019, 1pm - 5.30 pm - next Future Orchards walk. Venue TBC Thur 7th March 2019, Cherry Postharvest Meeting Tues 12th March 2019, Apple & Pear Growers ladies dinner 24 - 26 June, 2019 - Hort Connections, Melbourne - F model: (narrow orchard) ideal for work Rainfall in small-sized, narrow-lane orchards. (Rainfall for the month - 31 Jan 2018, source BOM) - GE model: (low orchard) ideal for work Ashton - 0.4 mm (avg 42.8 mm) under low orchards and overhead trellis Cudlee Creek, Milbrook Reservoir - 0.3 mm (avg 27.4 mm) systems. Kalangadoo - 1.4 mm (avg 28.2 mm) - GT model: (large orchard) for use in Lenswood - 0.0 mm (avg 30.2 mm) standard-size orchards and in open-field Loxton - 5.0 mm (avg 18.8 mm) cultivation.
    [Show full text]
  • Funding for Bushfire Impacted Ovals
    Media Release Monday 27 April 2020 A win for the Hills region as funding secured to remediate bushfire impacted ovals The entire Adelaide Hills community will benefit from a $210,250 grant from the AFL Community Relief Fund to repair and rebuild five football ovals across the Council area that were impacted by the Cudlee Creek Bushfires. The grant represents a share of $1.2 million which was awarded to clubs and leagues across South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland. Dr Jan-Claire Wisdom, Adelaide Hills Council Mayor says these ovals are important assets that bring families and friends together, especially during the football and cricket seasons. “The impact on our ovals demonstrates the widespread and ongoing effect that the Cudlee Creek Bushfires have had and continue to have on our community.” The ovals at Balhannah, Gumeracha, Lobethal, Mount Torrens and Woodside were all compromised during the course of the Cudlee Creek Bushfires. They were utilised by emergency services for critical functions or as last resort refuges, with significant volumes of traffic having an impact on their condition. “Each of the ovals experienced some level of damage. Following assessments after the Cudlee Creek Bushfires, the Council worked with each of the clubs to determine what was required to repair the grounds and offer safe conditions for all users.” The remediation works will be carried out over the next 12 months and will ensure that playing surfaces are ready when the football season resumes, following the current COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. The funding will also significantly contribute to the cost of pitch covers for each of the ovals.
    [Show full text]
  • Adelaide Wildlife Trail Brochure
    South Australia is a wildlife wonderland – ADELAIDE ZOO RODNEY FOX ShaRK EXPERIENCE TEMPTATION SAILING – DOLphIN SWIM CLELAND WILDLIFE PARK one of the few places in Australia where you can Adelaide Adelaide Adelaide Adelaide Hills get so close to our amazing animals. Adelaide Zoo’s unique combination of contemporary Since Rodney’s miraculous survival of a savage shark attack This is a must do in Australia. Temptation has never been At Cleland Wildlife Park you can wander freely among enclosures, heritage buildings, lush garden setting and in 1963, he has spent his life studying and filming the now out on a dolphin swim or watch cruise and not seen dolphins. kangaroos, wallabies, emus and waterbirds and view dingoes, Warrawong Wildlife Sanctuary, Mylor sensitive landscaping ensures a delightful environment for protected Great White Shark. The swim is so successful that they will give you $40 back if Tasmanian devils, wombats, koalas and reptiles. Cuddle a koala, potter about with potoroos or watch a WARRawONG WILDLIFE SANCTuaRY both animals and visitors. Rodney Fox Shark Museum & Gift Shop features full size you don’t get to swim with the dolphins. The park is internationally famous for its Koala Closeups, wallaby or a whale – all within an hour of the city. Adelaide Hills Founded in 1883, it’s considered one of the world’s best Great White Shark models, jaws, history and films including Temptation is a 57ft sailing catamaran that has an onboard where visitors can meet and hold some of the park’s most Some wildlife encounters start in the city: the Adelaide Zoo intimate zoos, where visitors can see over 3000 mammals, Australia’s largest collection of fossilised shark teeth.
    [Show full text]
  • Groundwater Management Zone Allocation Status (November 2019)
    Western Mount Lofty Ranges - Groundwater Management Zone Allocation Status (November 2019) Number Groundwater Management Zone 1 Lower South Para River KANGAROO") ROSEWORTHY 2 Middle SouthPara River FLAT 3 Upper South Para River (Adelaidean) ") 4 Upper South ParaRiver (Kanmantoo) 5 Gould Creek SANDY 6 Little Para Reservoir GAWLER CREEK LYNDOCH 7 Lower Little Para River ") ") ") 8 Upper Little Para River EDEN 9 Mount Pleasant ANGLE VALLEY 10 Birdwood VALE ") ") 11 Hannaford Creek 12 Angas Creek 1 WILLIAMSTOWN 13 Millers Creek ") 14 Gumeracha 15 McCormick Creek SPRINGTON 4 ") 16 Footes Creek ELIZABETH 3 17 Kenton Valley ") 2 18 Cudlee Creek 6 19 Kangaroo Creek Reservoir 5 20 Kersbrook Creek MOUNT 9 21 Sixth Creek 7 KERSBROOK PLEASANT ") 22 Charleston Kanmantoo ") Inverbrackie Creek Kanmantoo 13 23 TEA TREE 11 24 Charleston Adelaidean GULLY 8 20 10 TUNGKILLO 25 Inverbrackie Creek Adelaidean ") GUMERACHA ") BIRDWOOD HOUGHTON ") ") 26 Mitchell Creek ") 14 16 27 Western Branch 28 Lenswood Creek 17 15 29 Upper Onkaparinga 19 12 30 Balhannah 18 ") MOUNT 31 Hahndorf ROSTREVOR TORRENS 32 Cox Creek ") LOBETHAL CHERRYVILLE ") 22 33 Aldgate Creek ") 24 34 Scott Creek ADELAIDE 27 35 Chandlers Hill ") 21 28 23 HARROGATE 36 Mount Bold Reservoir WOODSIDE ") URAIDLA ") 25 37 Biggs Flat ") 38 Echunga Creek ") INVERBRACKIE 39 Myponga Adelaidean 32 40 Myponga Sedimentary 29 ") 26 BRUKUNGA ") 41 Hindmarsh Fractured Rock BALHANNAH 42 Hindmarsh Tiers Sedimentary BLACKWOOD 30 ") HAHNDORF NAIRNE 43 Fleurieu Permian 33 ") ") 44 Southern Fleurieu North 31 45 Southern Fleurieu South MOUNT BARKER 34 37 ") Please note: 35 Allocation status category is based on information ECHUNGA CLARENDON ") WISTOW MORPHETT ") ") available November 2019 and is subject to change.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Mount Lofty Ranges PWRA Surface Water Status Report 2014
    Western Mount Lofty Ranges PWRA Surface water status report 2014 2014 Summary The Western Mount Lofty Ranges Prescribed Water Resources Area (PWRA) has been assigned a green status for 2014: No adverse trends, indicating a stable or improving situation This hydrological status for 2014, which is based at a whole prescribed area scale (and does not consider local scale impacts), is supported by: above average rainfall at 7 of 7 rainfall analysis sites above average streamflow at 7 of 8 streamflow analysis sites steady salinity at 4 salinity analysis sites high water use compared to resource capacity considered over the entire PWRA and not at a local scale (very high use in 2012-13). This annual status report provides a snapshot of the surface water resources in the Western Mount Lofty Ranges (WMLR) PWRA for the financial year 2013–14. Surface water status reports are limited to reporting on the hydrological status of the PWRA on an annual basis and at a whole prescribed area scale. Available data on climate, streamflow, salinity and water use is summarised and compared with recent and long-term data to provide an indication of the hydrological status of its water resources. Each element is discussed with reference to recent or more long-term trends where, if at all, they are present in the data. These status reports seek to support informed policy-development and management decisions by resource managers and those responsible for, or reliant on, the water resources. Status of the prescribed resource for the previous years is shown below. This status report does not seek to evaluate the sustainable limits of the resource, nor does it make any recommendations on management or monitoring of the resource.
    [Show full text]
  • ONKAPARINGA VALLEY HERITAGE SURVEY (Revised Edition, 2003)  Part 1 
    ONKAPARINGA VALLEY HERITAGE SURVEY (Revised Edition, 2003) Part 1 First edition (2000): Anna Pope Historical Consultant + Bechervaise & Associates Revised edition (2003): Anna Pope, Heritage Online ONKAPARINGA VALLEY HERITAGE SURVEY Part 1 Heritage Survey Part 2 Local Heritage Recommendation Reports Commissioned by: Adelaide Hills Council Authors: Anna Pope Harry Bechervaise Vera Moosmayer Claire Booth May 2003 Front cover illustration: detail of former Thompson Cottage, Kumnick Road, near Lenswood (LE11) Onkaparinga Valley Heritage Survey (2002) ~ Part 1 Contents CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................1 1.1 Background..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Study Area ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Methodology ................................................................................................................... 2 1.4.1 Inventory .............................................................................................................. 2 1.4.2 Historical research ............................................................................................... 3 1.4.3 Community consultation .....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • INTERVIEW LOG SHEET PIRSA Oral History Program –State Library
    INTERVIEW LOG SHEET PIRSA Oral History Program –State Library reference no. for Somerville Collection OH 675/2 An interview with Tom Miller by Bernard O’Neil on 1, 9 and 21 October 2003, and 4, 20 and 25 November 2003 in regards to the history of the Department of Agriculture. Time Subject Proper names Tape 1, Side A Personal background: born August 1917, Mt Lawley, WA; father a railwayman in Western Australian Railways; mother Mt Lawley; Perth; Sydney; WA goldfields; a nurse; Great Depression experiences; attended State school 0:20 Pichi Richi (SA); Perth Modern School; and Perth Modern School; parents’ attitude to education; Fremantle Boys School family; career options; attending university; cadetship in WA Department of Agriculture Cadets in horticulture working on black spot in apples; BSc 7:45 Beverley Research Centre (WA) (Agric.) 9:55 Nature of cadetship; choice of study course; graduation 1940 13:35 Horticulture Branch work; World War II restricted manpower Manjimup Pakistan; Prime Minister Menzies; Career opportunities in the Department; Director-General of Stratheden; Thomas Cook & Sons; 16:00 Agriculture, North West Frontier Province, Pakistan in 1950; Peshawar; Bombay; Fremantle; India; marriage and young family; long stay under the Colombo Plan Colombo Plan Managing the Pakistan Department of Agriculture; return to Perth; Pakistan; Geoff Strickland; Dr 26:50 WA Department; holiday visit to Pakistan; vacancy for Chief Callaghan; Bob Herriott; Marshall Irving Horticulturalist in SA; reorganisation of SA Department Tape 1, Side
    [Show full text]