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La Presencia Española En La Expo Shanghai 2010

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La Presencia Española En La Expo Shanghai 2010 La presencia española en la Expo Shanghai 2010 Javier Conde de Saro Presidente de la Sociedad Estatal para Exposiciones Internacionales (SEEI), Gobierno de España Síntesis sin duda su gran oportunidad de mostrar ante el mundo su riqueza y potencial y darnos indicaciones de có mo evolucio- Las exposiciones universales e internacionales cuentan con na su sociedad. Y saben que se juegan mucho en ello: la una larga historia. Desde la primera exposición de Londres imagen que tendremos en los próximos años del gran en 1851, el movimiento expositivo ha servido como escapa- gigante asiático estará sin duda influenciada por estos dos rate de los grandes avances sociales y tecnológicos de la acontecimientos. Humanidad. La competición por lograr ser sede de una exposición inter- Herederas de una tradición nacida con la Revolución In - nacional o universal es cada día más reñida. Conseguir ser dustrial, las expos se enfrentan en la actualidad al reto de sede de un evento de este tipo es hoy un ambicioso objeti- un mundo globalizado y salpi- vo para cualquier nación que cado por graves focos de ten- “Pocos acontecimientos son capaces aún cuente con capacidad suficien- sión. En los umbrales del siglo hoy de despertar tamaña expectación te para asumir tal reto. XXI, no buscan tanto ya des- y reunir a tantos millones de personas lumbrar al público con grandes en un espacio físico y temporal limitado, Es la Oficina Internacional de adelantos técnicos, sino que se [como logran hacerlo las expos].” Ex posiciones (BIE por sus siglas esfuerzan en encontrar solucio- en francés), creada en 1929 y nes y propuestas a temas que afectan a la Humanidad en con sede en París, el organismo regulador de las expos, su conjunto. Pocos acontecimientos son capaces aún hoy de y na ció con el objetivo de evitar su proliferación excesiva y despertar tamaña expectación y reunir a tantos millones establecer criterios claros con respecto a su calidad y fre- de personas en un espacio físico y temporal limitado. cuencia. Creado bajo el paraguas de la Sociedad de Nacio - nes, cuando ésta se transformó más tarde en la actual Or - España ha mantenido siempre, ya desde los albores del mo - ga nización de Naciones Unidas, el BIE se estableció como vimiento expositivo, un significativo protagonismo, partici- organismo autónomo, manteniendo su sede en la capital pando con pabellón propio en casi todas las muestras y sir - francesa. viendo de sede de las exposiciones internacionales de 1888 y 1929 en Barcelona y, sobre todo, de la exposición univer- El éxito de una Expo representa una formidable campaña de sal de Sevilla: Expo’92, que marcó un hito por su ca li dad imagen y prestigio para el país y sus líderes políticos a nivel y se convirtió en una referencia para eventos posteriores. nacional y local, y sitúa en el mapa a la ciudad organizado- ra, que durante el evento se encuentra bajo los reflectores Difícilmente puede discutirse a estas alturas la importancia de la atención mundial y recibe inversiones millonarias en de la Expo’92 de Sevilla y su decisiva contribución, junto con infraestructuras que permanecen más allá de la Expo. los Juegos Olímpicos de Barcelona, a cambiar la imagen de la nueva España democrática en el mundo, asociando crea- Resulta evidente que participar hoy en día en una exposi- tividad con excelencia en la gestión y logrando, tras haber ción internacional constituye un formidable ejercicio global resuelto con sobresaliente ambos desafíos, un gran impacto de diplomacia pública. Consciente de ello y tras la experien- político y cultural a nivel internacional. De nuevo en 2008, cia de la Exposición Universal Hannover 2000 (Alemania), el Expo Zaragoza ha sido un gran foro de debate y un encuen- Gobierno español decide crear en 2001 un organismo per- tro multinacional sobre el agua. Representó además una manente encargado de este tipo de acontecimientos que enorme oportunidad de modernización y promoción de la permitiese aprovechar el know how existente: la Sociedad capital aragonesa. Estatal para Exposiciones Internacionales (SEEI). Salvando las distancias, corresponde ahora el turno de Chi- En sus ocho años de experiencia, la SEEI ha presentado na, que tras asombrar el mundo con la organización de los pabellones de España en tres exposiciones internacionales Juegos Olímpicos de Beijing en 2008 prepara ahora su Expo, especializadas de horticultura (que figuran entre las regula- 367 Sociedad das por el BIE): Floriade 2002 (Haarlem, Holanda) e IGA la organización de los Juegos Olímpicos de verano en Bei- 2003 (Rostock, Alemania), Royal Flora Ratchaphruek 2006 jing en 2008. Se trata de la primera ocasión en la que un (Chiang Mai, Tailandia); en la Exposición Universal de Aichi país en desarrollo se encarga de albergar un evento de esta 2005 (Japón); y también en la reciente Exposición Interna- índole. El 3 de diciembre de 2002, Shanghai fue elegida en cional celebrada en nuestro país, Expo Zaragoza 2008. Tra- la 132ª Asamblea General del BIE, celebrada en Mónaco, bajamos ahora, entre otras cosas, en el Pabellón de España como la ciudad encargada de organizar la Exposición Uni- en la próxima Expo Universal: Shanghai 2010. versal de 2010. La candidatura china competía con Yeosu (Corea del Sur), Moscú (Federación Rusa), Querétaro (Mé- xico) y Wroclaw (Polonia), y obtuvo la mayoría de votos de Expo Shanghai 2010 los países miembros del BIE. El 1 de mayo de 2010 dará comienzo en la capital económi- La muestra que se celebrará en China pertenece a la máxi- ca de China la Exposición Universal Shanghai 2010, que ma categoría de este tipo de eventos, según la clasificación pre visiblemente será el mayor evento de este tipo celebrado actual del BIE. Como es sabido, las exposiciones universales en la Historia. No en vano, los organizadores esperan 70 mi - se celebran cada cinco años (ahora los terminados en cero llones de visitantes durante los seis meses de duración de la y cinco), tienen una duración máxima de seis meses, los or - muestra, cuyo recinto se extenderá a través de 525 hectá- ganizadores pueden optar por poner a disposición de los reas en el distrito de Pudong, en las riberas del río Huang pu. participantes los módulos de los pabellones o por dejar que Expo Shanghai aspira así a batir el récord que ostenta la Ex - sean los propios participantes los que conciban y construyan po de Osaka (Japón) que visita- sus propios pabellones, y el re - ron 64 millones de personas en “El 1 de mayo de 2010 dará comienzo (...) cinto en el que se ubica la Expo 1970 y los más de 50 mi llones la Exposición Universal Shanghai 2010, que no tiene límite de extensión. A de visitas que recibió la Expo previsiblemente será el mayor evento de este esta categoría pertenecía, por 67, en Montreal (Canadá). tipo celebrado en la Historia. (...) Bajo el ejemplo, Expo Sevi lla’92. Por el lema ‘Mejor ciudad, mejor vida’, intentará contrario, las ex posiciones de Más de 230 países y organiza- ofrecer soluciones a los retos que plantean tipo internacional, como es el ciones internacionales han con- las grandes megalópolis y el imparable caso de la última celebrada firmado ya su participación en crecimiento urbano del siglo XXI” has ta la fecha, Expo Zaragoza la Expo, que convocada bajo el 2008, se celebran entre dos lema “Mejor ciudad, mejor vi da”, intentará ofrecer solucio- universales, es tán limitadas a tres meses de duración, es la nes a los retos que plantean las grandes megalópolis y el propia organización la que cede a los participantes los mó - imparable crecimiento urbano del siglo XXI, al que ya se dulos de los pabellones, y tienen un recinto máximo de 25 de nomina el siglo de las ciudades. Si en el año 1800 tan hectáreas. Para hacernos una idea de su mag nitud, Expo só lo el 2% de la población vivía en ciudades, esa cifra había Shanghai contará con la superficie más grande de la historia crecido ya en 1950 hasta el 29% y, según datos de Naciones de las Expos. Unidas, en 2010 alcanzará el 55% de la población mun- dial. Consciente de la importancia de estar presente en una cita clave en la agenda global, España, a través de la Sociedad Con cerca de 20 millones de habitantes y establecida como Estatal para Exposiciones Internacionales (SEEI), fue el cuar- el buque insignia de la China moderna –de la que es el prin- to país que ratificó su participación tras Luxemburgo, Ucra- cipal centro económico, financiero e industrial–, Shan ghai es nia y Suiza. Hasta la fecha, son ya 231 los participantes el ejemplo típico de un fenómeno global: el movimiento ofi ciales confirmados: 50 países de África, 29 de América, masivo y sin precedentes del campo a la ciudad. Promovido 45 de Asia, 45 de Europa, 16 de Oceanía y 46 organizacio- por el anhelo de una vida mejor, este éxodo rural se ve nes internacionales. acompañado de retos medioambientales, sociales y econó- micos que es necesario afrontar de forma inaplazable. La cita de Shanghai pretende ser una ocasión de intercambio, Una región estratégica debate y reflexión sobre estos desafíos y sobre la forma de construir las grandes urbes como lugares más habitables. En la la actualidad, nos encontramos inmersos en una pro- funda crisis económica global, que afecta, por supuesto, Expo 2010 representa para China un paso más para afian- tam bién a China. Aun que es extremadamente difícil prever zar su presencia en la escena internacional, un camino la magnitud de la recesión y cuándo tocaremos fondo, Es - allanado ya con su entrada en la Organización Mundial del paña debe posicionarse lo mejor posible para anticiparse a Comercio (OMC) y el éxito innegable que ha obtenido con la salida de la crisis.
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