Community participation in community health impact assessment: 3 case studies in

Suvapak Benjatanawat Sang‐arun Isaramalai Dudsadee Muenhor Phen Sukmag Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Introduction

Community health impact assessment (CHIA) : .social joint learning process .emphasis on people participation‐ “no one knows better than oneself.” .began in 2008 ‐ workshop for community education to perform self‐health impact assessment by NHCO .Workshop initiated CHIA pilot areas

2 Objective

To describe the level of participation within the community for CHIA by using the IAP2’s Spectrum of Public Participation.

3 IAP2’s Spectrum of Public Participation

empower collaborate ‐ To make ‐ To work decision by Involve together the public ‐ To include ‐ Attempt to into the Consult find process ‐ To ask the consensus opinions ‐No decision solutions Inform making ‐ To serve the information for fully understanding

4 3 case studies

Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacity Khoa Hinsorn sub‐district, Phanomsarakam district, Cha Choeng Sao province

Deep sea port and industrial development Tha‐Sala Districts, Nakhon Si Thammarat province

Thai‐Malaysian gas pipeline and gas separation plant Chana District,

5 Methodology

Study design .descriptive research .data collection documentary review group discussion ‐ by HIA activists during 2010‐2012

6 Cases of interest

1. Deep sea port and industrial development 2. Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacity 3. Thai ‐Malaysian gas pipeline and gas separation plant

7 Deep sea port and industrial development

. located in Tha‐Sala Districts, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province . belong to Chevron Thailand Exploration and Production, Ltd. . cause severe impact to community: EHIA

8 Deep sea port and industrial development

Screening Scoping Inform Consult Involve Collaborate Empower Appraisal Reviewing Decision Making

Photos from : Prasidhichai Noonual. (2015). CHIA กระบวนการประเมินศักยภาพชุมชนเพื่อการกาหนดอนาคตตนเองํ . The 8th National Health Assembly. 21‐23 December 2015. Province, Thailand. 9 Deep sea port and industrial development

“Fish book” Information of Tha‐sala bay •Abundant of natural resources •Capacity of area in food production •Path of food •Economic information •Led to set strategy of the community to be source of food for worldwide

“Fish book” was submitted to related agencies for consideration of approving the project.

source : Prasidhichai Noonual. (n.d.). ก่อน “กลาย”เป็นอื่น. Health Impact Assessment Coordinating Unit (HIA Co‐Unit), National Health Commission Office, Thailand. 10 Deep sea port and industrial development

•people made their own decision to dictate their own future •the cooperation to protect “area of food resource” between network of people, education institution and local administration •Chevron has halted the construction of seaport in Thai Gulf on December, 2012.

Photos from : Prasidhichai Noonual. (2015). CHIA กระบวนการประเมินศกยภาพชั ุมชนเพื่อการกาหนดอนาคตตนเองํ . The 8th National Health Assembly. 21‐23 December 2015. Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. 11 Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacity

. located in Khoa Hinsorn Sub‐district, Phanomsarakam District, Cha Choeng Sao Province . belong to the National Power Supply Limited Company (Public) . could cause severe impact to community: EHIA

12 Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacity

Screening Scoping Inform Consult Involve Appraisal Reviewing Decision Making

Photos from : Health Impact Assessment Coordinating Unit (HIA Co‐Unit), National Health Commission Office, Thailand. 13 Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacity

Present the CHIA findings in 2 meetings • public review : present initial findings for knowledge sharing and data verification • expert review : present draft report for suggestions and recommendations

Photos from : Kobmanee Lertpichitkul. (2012). บทเรียนจากเขาหินซ้อน : ปฏฺ บัติการปกป้องพืนท้ ี่ วิถึชุมชน และสิ่งแวดล้อม. Health Impact Assessment Coordinating Unit (HIA Co‐Unit), National Health Commission Office, Thailand.. 14 Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacity

CHIA report

submitted to committee meeting for considering EHIA report as supplementary information

EHIA report disapproval 1st consideration in 2012 2nd consideration in 2013 3rd consideration in 2016

Photo from : Health Impact Assessment Coordinating Unit (HIA Co‐Unit) National Health Commission Office, Thailand. 15 Thai‐Malaysian gas pipeline and gas separation plant

. located in Chana district, Songkhla province . an international joint venture between Thailand and Malaysia for sharing the benefit from the natural gas in the area . operated in 2005 even though the EIA report was disapproved . conflictions with people in the areas and the failure from public hearing

16 Thai‐Malaysian gas pipeline and gas separation plant

Scoping Appraisal Inform Consult Reviewing

Photos from : Pavinee Chaipak, Thanyamas Thepya. (2012). เหลยวหลี งแลหนั ้าจะนะ ก่อนไปต่ออนาคตคนสงขลา. National Health Commission Office. : Kunathai co.,ltd. (Wanida Press). 17 Thai‐Malaysian gas pipeline and gas separation plant

Highlight issues from CHIA findings : •Publications 1 2•Citizen journalists •Community media on television program (ThaiPBS channel)

Current status –CHIA for Chana coastal 3 & marine resources conservation

45 6 Photo 1‐2 from : Pavinee Chaipak, Thanyamas Thepya. (2012). เหลยวหลี งแลหนั ้าจะนะ ก่อนไปต่ออนาคตคนสงขลา. National Health Commission Office. Bangkok: Kunathai co.,ltd. (Wanida Press). Photo 3‐6 from ThaiPBS 18 Results

CHIA IAP2’s Spectrum of Public Participation Process Inform consult involve collaborate empower Screening 1 Informal 1 Community hearing ‐‐‐ conversation 2 Regulation Scoping 2 Focus group 2 Focus group meeting 1 Small ‐ large group ‐‐ meeting 3 Group discussion discussion, Informal 3 Meeting conversation 1 tools development for data collection as collaborative efforts (community and academics) 2 Community mapping process Appraisal ‐ 2 Field survey, focus group, 1 Data collecting by ‐‐ questioning and in‐depth people. interview 1 Community 3 Questionnaire, group discussion ‐ discussion, and in‐depth environment mapping, interview marine life. mapping 3 Publication, Citizen 2 Data validating by journalists, Community media community 19 Results

CHIA IAP2’s Spectrum of Public Participation Process Inform consult involve collaborate empower Reviewing ‐ 3 Informal 1 Meeting of 4 networking ‐‐ meeting villages 2 Public review and expert Review Decision ‐‐1 Fish book : information for 1 Cooperation for 1 Community Making project approval process conservation Tha‐ dictate its 2 CHIA report : information sala bay as “area of own future for project approval process food resources” Monitoring ‐‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ & Evaluation 1 ‐ Deep sea port and industrial development 2 ‐ Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacity 3 ‐ Thai ‐Malaysian gas pipeline and gas separation plant

20 Conclusion

Level of participation Case inform consult involve collaborate empower Case 1 Case 2 Case 3

Case 1 ‐ Deep sea port and industrial development Case 2 ‐ Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacity Case 3 ‐ Thai ‐Malaysian gas pipeline and gas separation plant

21 Conclusion

. All 3 CHIA cases were implemented according to HIA process however, the methodology of each step was different. . The level of community participation was different, depending on • The entry point for conducting CHIA • Deep sea port and industrial development : against the project by using CHIA network • Coal Power Plant of 600 MW capacity : against the project by using section 11 of the National Health Act 2007 • Thai ‐ Malaysian gas pipeline and gas separation plant : • monitoring and evaluation by using CHIA network 22 Conclusion

• Situation and context of community • CHIA Facilitator • Time period of CHIA process . Community participation in CHIA process can take community concerns and values into decision making. . Lack of monitoring and evaluation steps in all 3 CHIA case studies.

23 Thank you

Photo from : Pavinee Chaipak. (2012). จะนะจะก้าวข้าม. National Health Commission Office. Bangkok: Kunathai co.,ltd. (Wanida Press). 24