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The Correspondence of Hugh Edwin Strickland

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The Correspondence of Hugh Edwin Strickland The Correspondence of Hugh Edwin Strickland CALENDAR OF THE SCIENTIFIC CORRESPONDENCE OF HUGH EDWIN STRICKLAND IN THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, CAMBRIDGE by Dr. L.C. Rookmaaker Archivist and Historian of the Museum University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge 2010 University Museum of Zoology Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EJ United Kingdom © University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge 2010 The conservation and archival review of the Strickland Archive was supported by the National Manuscripts Conservation Trust, the Newton Trust, PRISM Fund of the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council and the Crotch Fund of the Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge. FOREWORD Hugh Strickland is a particularly important figure for the University Museum of Zoology. The bequest of his specimens was a significant addition to our bird collection, and the endowed Strickland Curatorship of Ornithology has ensured that the whole of the bird collection has been curated well to the present day. The Strickland Archive provides insight into both the man and his collection, and touches on major issues of nineteenth century biology, including the meaning of classification, the laws of nomenclature, and the signi- ficance of extinct species. This calendar makes the contents of the Strickland Archive widely accessible for the first time. It was prepared in conjunction with a project to conserve the archive, and we thank the National Manuscripts Conservation Trust, the PRISM Fund of the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council, the Newton Trust of the University of Cambridge, and the Crotch Fund of the Museum of Zoology for making this entire project possible. I am particularly indebted to Dr.Kees Rookmaaker, archivist of the Museum, who worked on the project with his customary skill and dedication, carrying it forward with great efficiency, and sharing with us all his enthusiasm for the project. Professor Michael Akam Director, University Museum of Zoology Cambridge December 2009 5 Signatures of Hugh Edwin Strickland found in his informal letters to Frank Orpen Morris (E-1815 and E-1823). 6 CONTENTS Foreword by Professor Akam 5 1. Introduction 9 Acknowledgements 2. The Strickland Archive 13 Abbreviations Editorial Policy 3. A Sketch of the Life of Hugh Edwin Strickland 21 4. English Correspondence 37 5. Foreign Correspondence 185 6. The Dodo Book 225 7. Zoological Nomenclature 273 8. Ray Society 291 9. The Chart of Bird Affinities and Additional Material 315 10. Bibliography of Publications by Hugh Edwin Strickland 331 11. Biographical Index 343 12. References 377 7 Hugh Edwin Strickland, aged 26. From the Memoir of William Jardine, 1858. It was drawn by Francis William Wilkin, engraved by Thomas Herbert Maguire and printed by M. & N. Hanhart in London. 8 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Hugh Edwin Strickland (1811-1853) was a prominent natural scientist of the first half of the nineteenth century. He was interested foremost in the study of ornithology and geology, but his influence was substantial in many other branches of natural history. His name lives on principally as the author of the Strickland Code of Zoological Nomen-clature, establishing conventions for naming animal species which are still in use today. He was an avid collector of birds and the University Museum of Zoology Cambridge is fortunate to be the custodian of over 6000 of his specimens along with an archive of over 3300 documents and correspondence. Strickland is therefore one of the most important figures in the early history of the Museum. Strickland studied at Oriel College in Oxford, and remained well connected with the University of Oxford during the rest of his life. He was interested in the running of the Radcliffe Library and was involved in the preparations for the new Museum. The British Association for the Advancement of Science played a major role in his scientific development. He attended all their annual conferences, he served on their Council and was part of their Committees on the vitality of seeds and on zoological nomenclature. Strickland was among the founders of the Ray Society formed to promote the publication of taxonomic and bibliographical works, and he edited a four volume work listing all zoological and geological literature of his period. He followed the progress of the science of ornithology and wrote a major monograph on the Dodo. Strickland was only 42 years old when he was killed. He inadvertently stepped into the path of an oncoming train while studying geological strata in the railway cutting. He was survived by his parents and by his wife, Catherine, the second daughter of the well-respected Scottish naturalist, Sir William Jardine. The scientific legacy of Hugh Strickland passed to the University of Cambridge in several stages. His collection of birds was donated by his wife to the Museum of Zoology in 1867, just two years after the start of the new Museum of Comparative Anatomy superintended by John Willis Clark. In 1875, she added the remainder of her husband's Ornithological and Scientific Library, consisting of over 400 volumes. However, some material still remained in family hands. In 1892, the University received a presentation from Miss Clementina Maxwell of Munches near Dalbeattie, a niece of Strickland’s wife, being the scientific correspondence of the late Hugh Edwin Strickland in 11 volumes. Strickland’s personal copy of the Dodo Book was donated in 1905 by Norman B. Kinnear. Finally, a volume of personal ‘scraps’ was acquired by the UMZC in 2004 to complement the existing holdings. The specimens of birds and personal documents are preserved in the University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge. The books are kept in the Balfour and Newton Libraries, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge. The Museum also has a large chart showing affinities among bird groups drawn by Strickland, which presumably had been part of the original donation. 9 Introduction Scope of this volume The documents left by H.E. Strickland now in UMZC are known as the ‘Strickland Archive’. The history and extent of this collection is detailed in chapter 2. A short biography of Strickland is provided in chapter 3. This includes the history of the collections of fossils, shells, insects and particularly birds assembled by Strickland. The scientific correspondence in the Strickland Archive consisted of sets of volumes labelled as English Correspondence, Foreign Correspondence, Dodo Book, Zoological Nomenclature and Ray Society. All these documents are introduced, listed and summarized in chapters 4 to 8. Finally, chapter 9 gives information in more abbreviated form about other Strickland related manuscripts in the Museum collection. This volume includes a full bibliography of all Strickland’s writings (chapter 10). All persons who corresponded with Strickland and subscribers to his Dodo Book of 1848 are identified in a biographical index (chapter 11). This index provides a cross-listing of documents associated with that person. Finally, there is a list of references used in the research of the present volume (chapter 12). ABBREVIATIONS ALS Autograph letter signed by sender AN Alfred Newton, Professor of Zoology in Cambridge BAAS British Association for the Advancement of Science Dodo Book Strickland & Melville, The Dodo and its Kindred (1847) CDMS Initials used by Catherine Strickland in signing her work HES Hugh Edwin Strickland note A general term for any manuscript document which is not a letter print Printed item Rules Strickland’s Rules of Zoological Nomenclature UMZC University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge E-0000 Document in the English Correspondence F-000 Document in the Foreign Correspondence D-000 Document in the volume on the Dodo Book N-000 Document in the volume on Zoological Nomenclature R-000 Document in the volume on the Ray Society Related Manuscripts (chapter 9): S-000 Document in the volume of ‘Scraps’ T-000 Document in the Travelling Collector. 10 Introduction ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The project concerning the documents in the Strickland Archive had two components. The conservation of the papers was undertaken by the firm of James & Stuart Brockman Ltd. in Oxford and completed in good time. The Strickland Chart was restored separately by Museum Conservation Services Ltd. in Duxford, Cambridgeshire, supervised by Nicholas Burnett. During the later phase of the project compiling all information on the contents of the Strickland Archive and placing the documents in an historical setting, information was kindly received from a number of institutions. I wish to acknowledge the cooperation of Garston Phillips, Collections Officer, and Rosemary Rodon, Geologist, Worcester City Council; Sarah Finney, Conservator, and Matt Riley, Paleontological Assistant, Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences, Cambridge; Steven Falk, Senior Keeper of Natural History, and Jane O’Dell, Biology assistant, Warwickshire Museum; Malgosia Nowak-Kemp, Vertebrate Collections Manager, University Museum of Natural History, Oxford; Lynda Brooks, Librarian, Linnean Society of London and Professor Hugh S. Torrens, Earth Sciences and Geography, University of Keele. Closer to home, I have been assisted by Clair Castle, libarian and Jane Acred, library assistant, Balfour & Newton Libraries, University of Cambridge, Department of Zoology, for regular examination of books in the Strickland Library. Professor Michael Akam, Director of the University Museum of Zoology, has ensured that the project of the Strickland Archive could become reality and provided advice and support. The Curators of the Museum have always been ready to supply information or check data in their field of expertise, and I thank Michael Brooke, Jennifer Clack, William Foster, Richard Preece and Adrian Friday. The work on the Strickland Archive was completed over a period of five years on a part-time basis. It has been a pleasure to return to my table in the museum where I was always welcomed by the other staff members, Ray Symonds (until his retirement in 2007), Matt Lowe, Russell Stebbings, Stuart Turner and Ann Charlton. Ann has been particularly helpful in scanning documents when needed and in ensuring smooth progress of the work.
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