Cultural Resource Report for the Proposed Cowen Park Bridge Retrofit Project
Submitted to:
WSP USA Seattle, Washington
Submitted by: Mimi Sheridan, AICP
Historical Research Associates, Inc. Brian Durkin, MS Lynn Compas, MA, RPA
Seattle, Washington January 23, 2019
This study was implemented by HRA Principal Investigator Brian Durkin, MS, who meets the Secretary of the Interior's professional qualifications standards for archaeology. The architectural evaluations were conducted by Mimi Sheridan, AICP, who meets the Secretary of the Interior's professional qualifications standards for history and architectural history. This report is intended for the exclusive use of the Client and its representatives. It contains professional conclusions and recommendations concerning the potential for project-related impacts to archaeological resources based on the results of HRA's investigation. It should not be considered to constitute project clearance with regard to the treatment of archaeological resources or permission to proceed with the project described in lieu of review by the appropriate reviewing or permitting agency. This report should be submitted to the appropriate state and local review agencies for their comments prior to the commencement of the project.
Cultural Resources Report for the Proposed Cowen Park Bridge Retrofit Project
Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 1.1.1 CONSTRUCTION STAGING 9 1.1.2 SOIL DISTURBANCE 9 1.1.3 TRAFFIC 9 1.2 REGULATORY CONTEXT 9 1.3 AREA OF POTENTIAL EFFECTS 10
2. ARCHIVAL RESEARCH 11 2.1 RESEARCH METHODS 11 2.2 RESEARCH RESULTS 11 2.2.1 PREVIOUS CULTURAL RESOURCE STUDIES 11 2.2.2 PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES 14 2.2.3 HISTORIC-PERIOD ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES 15 2.2.4 NRHP LISTED PROPERTIES 16 2.2.5 ETHNOHISTORIC PLACES 18 2.2.6 HISTORIC-PERIOD CEMETERIES 18 2.2.7 HISTORIC-PERIOD MAPS 18 2.2.8 DAHP PREDICTIVE MODEL 18
3. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTEXT 19 3.1 TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY 19 3.2 CLIMATE AND VEGETATION 21 3.3 FAUNA 21
4. CULTURAL CONTEXT 22 4.1 PRECONTACT CONTEXT 22 4.1.1 PALEOINDIAN (~12,500 B.C. TO 10,500 B.C.) 22 4.1.2 ARCHAIC (10,500 B.C. TO 4400 B.C.) 23 4.1.3 PACIFIC (4400 B.C. TO A.D. 1775) 23 4.2 ETHNOHISTORIC CONTEXT 24 4.3 HISTORIC-PERIOD CONTEXT 25
5. EXPECTATION FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES 28
6. FIELD STRATEGY AND METHODS 29 6.1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY 29 6.2 ARCHITECTURAL INVENTORY 29
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7. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESULTS 30 7.1 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 30
8. ARCHITECTURAL INVENTORY RESULTS AND EVALUATIONS 32 8.1 CRITERIA AND INTEGRITY 32 8.1.1 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CRITERIA 32 8.1.2 INTEGRITY 32 8.2 RAVENNA PARK 33 8.3 HEATHER ARMS APARTMENTS (5800 15TH AVENUE NE) 38 8.4 RAVENNA PARKSIDE APARTMENTS (5808 15TH AVENUE NE) 40
9. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 43 9.1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES 43 9.2 ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES 43
10. REFERENCES 44
APPENDIX A. INADVERTENT DISCOVERY PLAN FOR THE PROPOSED COWEN PARK BRIDGE RETROFIT PROJECT 51
APPENDIX B. HISTORIC PROPERTY INVENTORY FORMS 57
List of Figures Figure 1-1. Project location and vicinity. 2 Figure 1-2. APE of the Project. 3 Figure 1-3. Proposed retrofitting activities. 6 Figure 1-4. Example of bridge retrofit using CFRP. 7 Figure 1-5. Simulation of infill wall and arch reinforcement. 7 Figure 1-6. Simulation of column reinforcement, showing CFRP wrap. 8 Figure 1-7. Simulation of under-deck and cross-beam reinforcement. 8 Figure 2-1: Historic Resources over 45 years of age located within the APE. 17 Figure 3-1. LIDAR image of the APE. 20 Figure 4-1. Wooden trestle bridge at Cowen Park, Seattle, ca. 1925. 26 Figure 7-1. The pedestrian survey of the APE. 31 Figure 8-1. Ravenna Creek and path at west end of park. 35 Figure 8-2. Picnic area and stone shelter. 35 Figure 8-3. Stone picnic shelter. 36 Figure 8-4. Shelter house, wading pool, and tennis courts at southeast section of the park. 36 Figure 8-5. Entry to shelter house. 37 Figure 8-6. West façade of shelter house. 37 Figure 8-7. North (entry) and west façades, showing replacement window sash. 39 Figure 8-8. Entry detail. 39 Figure 8-9. West and south (entry) façades showing Flemish-style parapets. 41 Figure 8-10. Bay window detail on main façade. 42 Figure 8-11. Detached garage (date unknown) at north end. 42
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List of Tables Table 2-1. Previous Cultural Resource Studies within 1 mi of the APE 12 Table 2-2. Historic Period Architectural Resources within the APE. 15 Table 6-1. Architectural Resources Evaluated for the NRHP. 29
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1. Introduction
WSP USA contracted with Historical Research Associates, Inc. (HRA), and Mimi Sheridan, AICP, to provide cultural resource services for the Cowen Park Bridge Retrofit Project. HRA conducted the archaeological portion of the project, while Mimi Sheridan conducted the architectural portion. It should be noted that this Project involves the seismic retrofit of a bridge listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Portions of the area of potential effects (APE), to the west and north of Cowen Park, are within a NRHP-listed historic district, and several of the other properties have previously been recorded and evaluated; therefore, only three properties were evaluated for this project. 1.1 Project Description
Cowen Park Bridge is a concrete open-spandrel arch bridge built in 1936. It carries 15th Avenue NE over a deep ravine. The bridge is the boundary between Cowen Park to the west and Ravenna Park to the east. The bridge spans in the north–south direction from NE 62nd Street south to Cowen Place NE, connecting the Ravenna neighborhood with the University District neighborhood (Figure 1-1). The Cowen Park Bridge is owned by the Seattle Department of Transportation (SDOT). It is listed in the NRHP and is designated a City of Seattle Landmark. Figures 1-1 and 1-2 show the location of the project and the APE, respectively. Currently, there are two lanes of traffic on the bridge, one in each direction. Bicycle lanes are located to either side of the traffic lanes, with a narrow, slightly elevated barrier separating the bike lanes and the sidewalks on both sides of the road. WSP USA completed a Bridge Concept Study in October 2017. The purpose of this study was to evaluate options to address structural and functional deficiencies of the bridge. As part of the study, engineers assessed the bridge serviceability, vertical load carrying capacity, and seismic vulnerability through a bridge rehabilitation, retrofit, or full replacement. Various improvements for bridge components were packaged into separate and combined rehabilitation and retrofit alternatives. Partial and full replacement alternatives were also considered. The criteria for selection of the preferred alternative included: balance cost and effectiveness, minimize traffic disruption, and preserve the historical features of the bridge (e.g., arch, spandrel columns, art deco lighting and railing).
Cultural Resources Report for the Proposed Cowen Park Bridge Retrofit Project 1
Figure 1-1. Project location and vicinity.
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Figure 1-2. APE of the Project.
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At the conclusion of the study, the preferred alternative incorporated specific measures to seismically retrofit the bridge to address the structural weaknesses of the bridge. During conceptual design, the seismic retrofit measures were refined. The construction is planned for 2019. All planned retrofit work will occur on the structure above the ground line. Some bridge improvements would extend beyond the roadway right-of-way as only the western half of the existing bridge is within the right-of-way. The proposed retrofitting of the Cowen Park Bridge would involve reinforcing the bridge columns that support the bridge deck, as well as reinforcing structural elements where they attach to the bridge deck (Figures 1-3 to 1-7). Figure 1-3 shows the engineering plans for the construction work. The process involves tightly wrapping the columns and other structural elements with a few thin layers of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) wrap, which does not alter the shape of the columns. Figure 1-4 shows an example of bridge retrofitting using CFRP. Figures 1-5 through 1-7 are simulations of retrofitted elements of the Cowen Park Bridge. If necessary, the jackets can be coated with a textured colored coating to match the surrounding surface CFRP is a common method of strengthening concrete columns. It consists of very thin layers of ceramic (carbon or glass) fibers embedded in a polymeric resin that acts as a binder to hold the fibers in place. The layers of carbon fiber fabric saturated in epoxy resin are applied to the concrete surface, encapsulating the column. The material increases shear capacity and improves ductility of the retrofitted element. WSDOT used the product to reinforce columns and cross-beams on the SR 99 Bridge Seismic Retrofit Project (Schwab 2010). Planned Retrofitting Activities • Apply CFRP jackets to each of the two columns adjacent to the south bridge abutment. • Partially remove the enclosure walls of the two expansion columns at the end of the arches to install CFRP jackets to the interior columns comprising each of these expansion columns. • Apply CFRP jackets to several of the spandrel columns (columns between the arch and bridge deck).
• Enlarge the concrete cross beams that run beneath the bridge deck at the points where the columns attach to the bridge deck. • Construct a small concrete infill wall between the two top-most spandrel columns above each of the bridge arch ribs. • Remove a portion of the bridge deck (9 feet by 14 feet) over each of the columns adjacent to the concrete barriers between the roadway and sidewalks. • Build transverse restrainers near the expansive columns.
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• Strengthen the tops of the spandrel columns by installing dowels from the bridge deck. • Apply CFRP jackets to the interior cross-beam and concrete bolster to the end cross-beam. • Repave the bridge deck where construction has occurred and restripe the pavement as needed. Construction Activities • Partial demolition of column enclosures and bridge deck removal. • Accessing work areas beneath bridge with the construction zone extending up to 30 feet beyond the bridge footprint.
• Erection of temporary scaffolding.
• Application of CFRP jackets (approximately 1/16-inch thick). • Construction of concrete forms. • Pouring concrete.
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Figure 1-3. Proposed retrofitting activities.
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Figure 1-4. Example of bridge retrofit using CFRP.
Figure 1-5. Simulation of infill wall and arch reinforcement.
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Figure 1-6. Simulation of column reinforcement, showing CFRP wrap.
Figure 1-7. Simulation of under-deck and cross-beam reinforcement.
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Construction vehicles would access the area under the bridge using an existing park trail used by maintenance vehicles from Brooklyn Avenue NE. Work beneath the central portion of the bridge would be done from a manlift below the bridge. A temporary bridge across an existing stream could be used to access the northern part of the bridge. Other equipment and supplies will be hand-carried from the existing park trail below the central portion of the bridge up the ravine slope to the two piers adjacent to the south abutment. 1.1.1 Construction Staging
The area for construction staging would be primarily below the bridge, approximately 30 feet around the bridge (i.e., 30 feet east and west of the existing edges of the bridge structure and north and south to the existing bridge abutments). Construction activities on the top of the bridge deck would use about half of the roadway at a time, with the other half open to two-way traffic, buses, bicyclists, and pedestrians. Only the western half of the existing bridge is within the existing roadway ROW, so the eastern half of the bridge and the at-grade construction zone would extend into Ravenna and Cowen Parks, which will require approval from the City of Seattle Parks and Recreation Department. 1.1.2 Soil Disturbance
Soil disturbance is not expected to exceed approximately 6 inches. No ground excavation would be required for the construction activities. Minimal disturbance would occur due to vehicle operation and storage, materials storage, and erection of the scaffolding and supports. Disturbed areas would be restored following completion of construction. 1.1.3 Traffic
Construction is anticipated to be completed in approximately 6 months. No complete bridge closures are expected. It may be necessary to close one lane at time. If this occurs, vehicles, pedestrians, and bicycles will be routed to the other side so that two-way traffic can continue to flow. 1.2 Regulatory Context
This project may receive funding from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and is defined as a federal undertaking; therefore, compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) as implemented under 36 CFR 800 (as amended) is required.
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1.3 Area of Potential Effects
The APE for the Project encompasses a portion of Cowen Park (Parcel 1797501330) and a portion of Ravenna Park (Parcel 7172700040) as well as parcels adjacent to access points at the north and south ends of the bridge on 15th Avenue NE and at NE 61st Street and Brooklyn Avenue NE on the west side of the park (Parcel 1797500380, 1797500381, 1798000035, 1798000030, 8825900470, 8825900475, 1797500345, 1797500340, 0641000010, and 0641000020). The APE also includes the bridge itself and the work area below the bridge (approximately 30 feet on each side) in both Cowen and Ravenna Parks (see Figure 1-2).
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2. Archival Research
2.1 Research Methods
HRA Research Archaeologist Brian Durkin, MS, conducted an archival record search for the Project using a research radius of 1 mile (mi). Durkin searched the Washington Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) online database (Washington Information System for Architectural and Archaeological Records [WISAARD]) for previous cultural resource surveys, archaeological site records, cultural resource survey reports, and cemetery records within the research radius and within the APE. Durkin also examined the statewide predictive model layer in WISAARD for probability estimates for archaeological resources within the APE. HRA’s in-house library provided information on the environmental, archaeological, and historical context of the APE. Historic-period plats from the U.S. Surveyor General (USSG) General Land Office (GLO), historic-period land patents, and historic-period maps and atlases (i.e., Metskers) were reviewed for the presence of structures, sites, and features that might be extant within the APE, as well as indicators of potential archaeological sites and past land-use patterns. County atlases were reviewed online through HistoricMapWorks.com. Finally, ethnographic sources (e.g., Hilbert et al. 2001) were reviewed for information regarding place names, burials, and land-use practices.
Mimi Sheridan, AICP conducted a search for previously recorded architectural resources using the NRHP list, the Washington State Heritage Register, the City of Seattle Landmarks list, the City of Seattle Historic Resources Survey Database and WISAARD. 2.2 Research Results
2.2.1 Previous Cultural Resource Studies
Overall, very few cultural resource studies have tested for archaeological resources in the vicinity of the APE. Eighteen previous cultural resource studies have been completed within 1 mi of the APE. Two studies were preliminary studies for the Sound Transit Link Light Rail project. The study areas for the project were less than 0.1 mi to the west of the APE but did not involve any subsurface testing (Courtois et al. 1999a, 1999b). All studies are listed in Table 2-1. Five of the fourteen cultural resource studies were completed for University of Washington development projects. Two surveys of the historic-period buildings recorded and evaluated many of the buildings on the University of Washington Campus (Courtois & Associates 2003; Gray et al. 2017). The construction of two buildings on campus involved two cultural resource studies that involved subsurface testing, but no archaeological resources were identified by these studies (Gilpin and Vogel 2011; Sharley and Smith 2011). Finally, a cultural resource study for an improvement
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project of the Burke-Gilman Trail involved subsurface testing, but did not identify any archaeological resources (Stevenson et al. 2014). Five cultural resource studies within 1 mi of the APE have been completed for cell tower installation or improvement projects. These studies involved no subsurface testing and only considered the visual impact on historic-period properties (Carter 2015; Gunn 2016; Pinyerd 2013, 2014, 2015). The development of a retirement community and the renovation of Roosevelt High School involved two cultural resource studies that included subsurface testing. Neither study identified any archaeological resources and noted that modern development had disturbed the sediment (Schumacher 2010; Valentino et al. 2017). Three historic resource studies included portions of the APE. They include a NRHP district nomination and historic resources surveys of University Park (the neighborhood to the south of the bridge known as University District), and of City of Seattle-owned properties, including those in parks. None of them included subsurface exploration.
Table 2-1. Previous Cultural Resource Studies within 1 mi of the APE Approx. distance from Cultural APE Resources NADB No. Reference Title (Direction) within the APE
1339816 Courtois et al. Sound Transit Central Link <0.1 mi (W) None 1999a Light Rail EIS Historic and Archaeological Resources Technical Report
1339836 Courtois et al. Central Link Rail Transit <0.1 mi (W) None 1999b Project Historic and Prehistoric Archaeological Sites Historic Resources Native American Traditional Cultural Properties Paleontological Sites
NA Wickwire 2001 Survey Report: 0 One Comprehensive Inventory of City-Owned Historic Resources, Seattle, Washington
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Table 2-1. Previous Cultural Resource Studies within 1 mi of the APE Approx. distance from Cultural APE Resources NADB No. Reference Title (Direction) within the APE
1350148 Courtois & Preliminary Report on 0.7 mi (S) None Associates 2003 University of Washington Main Campus, Seattle; Significant Buildings and Features Completed Prior to 1953
1680533 Sharley and Cultural Resource 0.7 mi (S) None Smith 2011 Assessment for the Thomas Burke Memorial Washington State Museum Renovation Project, University of Washington
1681083 Gilpin and Archaeological Assessment 0.9 mi (SE) None Vogel 2011 for the weleb?altx, or Intellectual House Project, University of Washington
1683381 Pinyerd 2013 Carpenter #SE63XC101, 0.4 mi (E) None 6325 23rd Ave NE, Seattle
1685156 Stevenson et al. Cultural Resources 0.7 mi (SE) None 2014 Inventory for the University of Washington Burke-Gilman Trail, Rainier Vista to Northeast 47th Street (Forest Reach) Segment, City of Seattle
1685882 Schumacher Cultural Resources Survey 0.6 mi (W) None 2010 for the Hearthstone Woodlawn Avenue Project, Seattle
1687095 Carter 2015 Cultural Resources Report: 0.7 mi (NW) None Proposed Roof-Top Collocation Telecommunications Site; Site Name: SEA E Greenlake - New Build; Seattle
1687160 Pinyerd 2014 Antenna Installation at 0.4 mi (E) None 2251 NE 65th Street, 65th & 25th
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Table 2-1. Previous Cultural Resource Studies within 1 mi of the APE Approx. distance from Cultural APE Resources NADB No. Reference Title (Direction) within the APE
1687812 Pinyerd 2015 Form 621 Green Lake 0.5 mi (NW) None Plaza #SE01201C 6900 Weedin PL NE, Seattle
1688007 Gunn 2016 SA20 University Village 0.7 mi (SE) None Section 106 Report
1689616 Gray et al. 2017 Historic Resources Survey 0.7 mi (S) None and Inventory of the University of Washington Seattle Campus: Historic Resources Report
1689987 Valentino et al. Roosevelt High School 0.2 mi (N) None 2017 Athletic Field Lighting, Cultural Resources Assessment, Seattle Historic Resource Survey NA Meisner and 0 Two Update 2014-15, Krafft 2015 University Park Neighborhood NA Johnson et al. Ravenna-Cowen North 0 Five 2018 Historic District nomination form
2.2.2 Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites
No previously recorded archaeological sites are within the APE. Three previously recorded archaeological sites are within 1 mi of the APE. The University Landfill (45KI1201) is located approximately 0.9 mi southeast of the APE and consists of a 166-acre historic-period debris concentration. The landfill was used as Seattle’s landfill between 1926 and 1966 (Lockwood 2014). The Seattle Municipal Street Railway (45KI1362) is located approximately 0.8 mi south of the APE and consists of railroad ties embedded in concrete. The railroad ties were likely associated with the Seattle Municipal Street Railway (Ostrander 2017). Site 45KI1372 is located 0.7 m northeast of the APE and is a historic-period wire wrapped wood stave pipe segment (Dellert 2018).
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2.2.3 Historic-Period Architectural Resources
Fifteen historic-period architectural resources over 45 years of age are located within the APE (Table 2-2 and Figure 2-1). Eight of the residences are in the historic district and have been evaluated regarding whether or not they are contributing resources to the historic district. Cowen Park and one of the apartment buildings have also been previously evaluated for their eligibility for the NRHP. Updated Historic Property Inventory forms for all the individual resources are included in Appendix B.
Table 2-2. Historic Period Architectural Resources within the APE. Number Name Address Parcel Status Number(s)
01 Cowen Park Bridge 15th Avenue NE NA NRHP Listed; SCL
02 Cowen Park 5849 15th Avenue NE 1797501330 Determined not eligible
03 Ravenna Park 5520 Ravenna Avenue 7172700040 NRHP eligible NE
04 Ravenna-Cowen North 65th Avenue NE to NA NRHP Listed Historic District Ravenna Park; Ravenna (RCNHD) Ravine to NE 12th Avenue
05 McCaffrey House 5917 Brooklyn Avenue 179750035 Contributing resource NE to the RCNHD
06 Gwinn House 6103 Brooklyn Avenue 1797500381 Contributing resource NE to the RCNHD
07 Residence 6107 Brooklyn Avenue 1797500380 Noncontributing NE resource to the RCNHD
08 Residence 6203 15th Avenue NE 1797500345 Contributing resource to the RCNHD
09 Residence 1225 NE 61st Street 1798000030 Noncontributing resource to the
RCNHD
10 Residence 1352 NE 62nd Street 1797500400 Contributing resource to the RCNHD
11 Residence 1500 NE 62nd Street 8825900470 Noncontributing resource to the RCNHD
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Table 2-2. Historic Period Architectural Resources within the APE. Number Name Address Parcel Status Number(s)
12 Residence 1504 NE 62nd Street 8825900475 Noncontributing resource to the RCNHD
13 Park Vista Co-op 5810 Cowen Place NE 1797501310 Determined eligible
14 Heather Arms 5804 15th Avenue NE 0641000010 Not eligible Apartments
15 Ravenna Parkside 5808 15th Avenue NE 0641000020 NRHP eligible Apartments
2.2.4 NRHP Listed Properties
As shown in Table 2-2 above, two resources are listed in the NRHP: the Cowen Park Bridge and the Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District. The Cowen Park Bridge is listed in the NRHP under Criterion C, noting the bridge’s gracefulness, minimal form, and Art Deco motifs. The 358-foot bridge structure consists of six concrete slab approach spans and a 160-foot two-ribbed arch that rises to a height of 60 feet above its springing points. The arch ribs are braced by lateral reinforced concrete struts. Light, fluted vertical posts rest on the arches, and support a 56-foot-wide concrete structure with two traffic lanes and two 7-foot- wide sidewalks. This dynamic concrete structure was designed by the bridge engineer Clark H. Eldridge and City engineer Thomas R. Beeman. The A. W. Quist Company was the contractor. The Novelty Ornamental Iron and Wire Works manufactured iron lamps used on the bridge. The vertical Art Deco motifs accentuate the attenuated lines of the arch. The minimal form of the Cowen Park Bridge reveals the capabilities of reinforced concrete and reflects the progressive reduction in the quantity of structural material used in concrete arch design (Atley 1980). The Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District is listed in the NRHP under Criterion A as a cohesive example of early twentieth-century neighborhood development that retains its unique feeling of time and place. It is also listed under Criterion C for the range and integrity of the architectural styles exhibited in the district. The district is primarily residential, with a total of 443 buildings, of which 68 percent are contributing (in addition to 128 contributing accessory structures). The residences include numerous intact examples of Craftsman, American Foursquare, Tudor Revival, Prairie, and Colonial Revival styles, as well as more modern houses.
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Figure 2-1: Historic Resources over 45 years of age located within the APE.
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2.2.5 Ethnohistoric Places
The APE and the vicinity have been heavily used in the past. Ethnographic studies completed in the vicinity have emphasized the importance of the area between what is now known as Lake Washington and Elliott Bay (Blukis Onat et al. 2005; Hilbert et al. 2001; Miller 2002; Miller and Blukis Onat 2004). This is supported by the ethnographically recorded place names in the area. Green Lake is referred to as DutLEc (Waterman orthography) and was a place to collect suckers and perch in basket traps. The stream that runs through Ravenna Park flowed into Lake Washington at a place known as slu€wi¿ in Salish, which roughly translates to “perforation for a canoe.” Finally, south of the APE is an area known as baçab, which translates to “prairie” (Hilbert et al. 2001). 2.2.6 Historic-Period Cemeteries
Human remains were found on private property and recorded as Site 45KI1003 (DAHP 2018). Calvary Cemetery (45KI892) is located 0.8 mi southeast of the APE. The cemetery was dedicated in 1889 and contains more than 40,000 burials (Angotti and Wilma 1998). 2.2.7 Historic-Period Maps
The APE and vicinity are first depicted in the 1856 GLO survey plat (GLO 1856). The plat depicts a stream flowing from Green Lake into Lake Washington. Although heavily impacted by modern development, the stream still flows at a reduced rate today. The 1894 topographic map of the area identifies the stream but also a road, a railroad, and several buildings or structures in the vicinity of the APE. The 1909 King County Atlas map of the area identifies the land owners in the vicinity of the APE and identifies the APE as “Cowens University Park” and “Ravenna Park.” Later iterations of King County Atlases provide few details of the APE and the vicinity (Kroll 1912, 1926; Metsker 1936). By 1949, the maps of the area appear to be very similar to the modern maps. 2.2.8 DAHP Predictive Model
DAHP has generated a predictive model for the likelihood of encountering archaeological sites, based on statewide information and large-scale factors. Information on geology, soils, site types, landforms, and features depicted on GLO maps were used to establish or predict probabilities for archaeological resources throughout the state. The DAHP model uses five categories of prediction: Low Risk, Moderately Low Risk, Moderate Risk, High Risk, and Very High Risk. The DAHP predictive model map indicates a high probability of encountering archaeological resources for the majority of the APE and a very high probability of encountering archaeological resources directly below and adjacent to the bridge.
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3. Environmental Context
3.1 Topography and Geology
The APE is located within the Southern Puget Sound Basin, a portion of the Puget Trough Physiographic Province (Franklin and Dyrness 1973). The north–south trough of the Puget Lowland separates the Olympic Mountains to the west from the Cascade Range on the east. The lowland was carved out during the last major glaciation of western Washington, which ended approximately 16,000 years before present (B.P.) (Alt and Hyndeman 1995; Booth et al. 2004; Dethier et al. 1995; Easterbrook and Rahm 1970:49; Galster and Laprade 1991:249). As glaciers retreated, they left thick sediment deposits. This sediment forms the parent material of many soils throughout this part of King County, including the APE (Snyder et al. 1973). The sediments at the surface of the APE within Cowen Park are artificial fill. Below the fill, the sediment is advanced outwash deposits associated with Fraser glaciation. Underneath the bridge the sediment is a mass- wastage deposits. This type of deposit is colluvium typical around the steep slopes in the Puget Sound (Booth et al. 2009). An evaluation of the LiDAR images of the APE confirms the exact location of the fill material (Figure 3-1). The lighter, smooth surface within Cowen Park aligns with what the surface geology maps described as artificial fill. The small ground disturbance area that is not artificial fill is the stream bed of Ravenna Creek.
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Figure 3-1. LIDAR image of the APE.
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3.2 Climate and Vegetation
Between approximately 13,000 and 12,000 years ago, the region had developed a much cooler and drier climate, which supported an ecosystem characterized by lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), sedges (Cyperaceae sp.), sage (Artemisia), and a variety of grasses and herbs. After 12,000 years ago, the climate warmed while continuing to dry, and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and red alder (Alnus rubra) joined the developing parkland forest. By around 6,000 years ago, the climate of the region had cooled and moistened to levels comparable to today’s maritime regime, producing the current western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) vegetation zone.
Douglas fir, western hemlock, and western redcedar (Thuja plicata) are the dominant species in this zone (Pojar and Mackinnon 2004:30–42). Grand fir (Abies grandis), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), and western white pine (Pinus monticola) are less common but present (Barnosky et al. 1987; Brubaker 1991; Franklin and Dyrness 1973:72; Whitlock 1992). Red alder and big-leaf maple (Acer macrophyllum) are secondary species (Franklin and Dyrness 1973). 3.3 Fauna
During precontact and ethnographic times, fauna was abundant in the APE. Deer (Odocoileus hemionus), elk (Cervus canadensis), black bear (Ursus americanus), mountain lion (i.e., cougar, Felis concolor), and coyote (Canis latrans) would have been available for hunting in upland areas. Smaller mammals included red fox (Vulpes vulpes), snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum), raccoon (Procyon lotor), and weasel (Mustela frenata) (Kruckeberg 1991; Larrison 1976). In addition to terrestrial mammals, all five species of salmon, freshwater fish (such as trout [Oncorhynchus sp.], whitefish [Coregonus sp.], eels [Anguillidae sp.]), otter (Lutra candensis), muskrat (Ondatra zibethica), beaver (Castor canadensis), and waterfowl (Aix and Anas sp.) would have been part of the subsistence pattern (Kruckeberg 1991; Larrison 1976; Suttles and Lane 1990). Shellfish was also a dietary staple for Southern Coast Salish groups (Suttles 1990).
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4. Cultural Context
4.1 Precontact Context
The current understanding of Pacific Northwest precontact lifeways is derived from the archaeological record, which is constantly changing as our knowledge grows. How archaeologists see archaeological data is conditioned by several factors, including natural (e.g., rising sea levels) and cultural (e.g., excavation, curation) processes, which selectively modify what remains for modern investigators to be seen (Schiffer 1987). New discoveries can either change or reinforce prior notions of human lifeways, but the continually growing body of archaeological data helps give archaeologists a better understanding of the past (Trigger 2002). To organize current knowledge of Pacific Northwest precontact lifeways, numerous investigators have proposed chronologies for the region’s archaeological record (e.g., Ames and Maschner 1999; Kidd 1964; King 1949). Ames and Maschner’s (1999) chronology is used here to structure discussion of precontact archaeology and inferred lifeways. Their chronological sequence is divided into three basic developmental periods: Paleoindian, Archaic, and Pacific. The archaeological evidence from these periods suggests a gradual shift from small nomadic groups relying on generalized hunting and gathering to larger sedentary groups with increased social complexity and specialized reliance on marine and riverine resources (Ames and Maschner 1999). In essence, the archaeological record in the region documents a shift from foraging to collecting strategies (sensu Binford 1980) and cultural change toward ethnographically observed lifeways. 4.1.1 Paleoindian (~12,500 B.C. to 10,500 B.C.)
The earliest sites in the Pacific Northwest date to the early Holocene and are commonly associated with Clovis points, an iconic large spear point found across much of North America during this time (Meltzer and Dunnell 1987; Osborne 1956). These sites are said to represent the remains of mobile hunting activities and are scarce in the Pacific Northwest. Clovis points have been recovered from sites across the Puget Sound, including Olympia (Osborne 1956). Other early western Washington sites dating to this period include the Manis Mastodon Site near Sequim, and the Bear Creek Site in Redmond. The Manis Mastodon Site dates to roughly 11,800 B.P. and consists of the remains of a mammoth found in a peat bog with a human-made bone point lodged in a rib fragment (Waters et al. 2011). The Bear Creek Site dates to approximately 10,000 to 12,000 B.P. and consists of a highly diverse stone tool kit (Kopperl et al. 2010). This site has been interpreted as a short-term occupation site and has yielded evidence of mammal, fish, and plant exploitation. The Manis Mastodon and Bear Creek Sites have demonstrated that the earliest inhabitants of western Washington were not simply big game hunters who used large stone tools to kill game. These sites demonstrate the
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implementation of diverse toolkits and subsistence strategies, signaling an excellent working knowledge of the landscape and available resources. 4.1.2 Archaic (10,500 B.C. to 4400 B.C.)
Sites dating to the Archaic period, especially prior to 5000 B.P., are rare, at least in part because of natural processes, like sea level rise, which have undoubtedly obscured sites that are currently underwater. The current view of this period is generally one of stasis, but this is likely at least partially conditioned by the rarity of sites dating to this period. Lifeways during the Archaic period are thought to have changed little from the Paleoindian period. In essence, people are thought to have hunted game and lived in small highly mobile egalitarian groups, as foragers (sensu Binford 1980). Microblades and leaf shaped projectile points (i.e., Cascade points) have been used to argue for Archaic period occupation across the Western United States (e.g., Chatters et al. 2011; Greengo and Houston 1965). Identifiable faunal remains are rare at Archaic period sites, making inferences about subsistence difficult, but mammal and fish remains have been reported from Archaic period sites in the Puget Sound region (Chatters et al. 2011; Stilson and Chatters 1981). A number of Archaic period sites have been recorded in King County. Greengo and Houston (1965) excavated at the Marymoor Site, located in Marymoor Park, during the 1950s. This site yielded a large array of Archaic period artifacts, including large projectile points, modified cobbles, and microblades. The earliest component of the West Point Sites (discussed below) also falls into the Archaic period. 4.1.3 Pacific (4400 B.C. to A.D. 1775)
Based on the archaeological record, the Pacific period is the most culturally dynamic precontact period in the Pacific Northwest (Chatters 1987; Larson and Lewarch 1995; Lewarch 2006). Over time, changing technologies and site locations suggest increased sedentism and specialization in the use of particular environments and resources (Ames and Maschner 1999). During this period, evidence of exploitation of the littoral environment increases, and shell middens become a prominent site type across Puget Sound. After about 5000 B.P., populations on or near the Puget Sound coast grew and became more complex in organization. Technological organization and subsistence practices became increasingly complex during the Pacific period as well. During this period, there is apparent increasing emphasis on the use of plants including berries and root vegetables (e.g., Elder and Sparks 2010). Social stratification and inequality, a hallmark of Northwest coast cultures, is thought to be less pronounced in the Puget Sound than in other parts of the Pacific Northwest; however, objects like labrets, indicative of social stratification, appear early in the Pacific period in the Puget Sound at sites like the West Point Site (Larson and Lewarch 1995). By shortly after 2500 B.P., a variety of bone, chipped stone, and groundstone artifacts represent coastal marine
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oriented cultures and inland hunting/fishing/gathering cultures (Ames and Maschner 1999; Nelson 1976, 1990). 4.2 Ethnohistoric Context
The APE is located within the traditional territory of the Duwamish Indians, members of the Coast Salish cultural group that spoke Southern Lushootseed (Suttles 1990). The Duwamish traditionally lived in winter villages on the shores of Elliott Bay, Salmon Bay, Lake Washington, and Lake Union, as well as along the Black, Cedar, and Duwamish Rivers (Ruby and Brown 1992; Stevens 1854). Ethnographer T. T. Waterman (in Hilbert et al. 2001:15–16), who worked in the Puget Sound region during the 1920s, pointed out that the Duwamish, like other groups, identified themselves in relation to their local geography.
Ethnographic and archaeological evidence suggests that the Salish Lushootseed-speaking Duwamish, whose name means “inside [the bay] people,” practiced their life way of hunting, fishing, and gathering for centuries before contact with white settlers (Hilbert et al. 2001). Duwamish settlement and subsistence were inextricably linked throughout the year. The Duwamish, like other Coast Salish groups, spent most of the winter inside large longhouses made from cedar planks that had “shed” roofs, which Waterman and Greiner (1921) note were common among tribes around the Sound. These houses could be massive, providing room for very large extended families and much of the food they would need for the cold months. The houses were often arranged into villages of two to five structures. The Duwamish occupied extended family villages and established a flexible system of intermarriage with the surrounding peoples, including the Sammamish and Snohomish (Ruby and Brown 1992). Winter was spent engaged in storytelling and ceremonial performances (Amoss 1978). During spring, fall, and summer, people from the winter villages dispersed to hunt, fish, and gather plant foods for immediate consumption and winter storage (Buerge 1984; Haeberlin and Gunther 1930). Summer camps usually consisted of small, temporary reed or grass-mat structures occupied by a single family, although several families might join together to build a larger mat house (Haeberlin and Gunther 1930; Suttles 1990; Suttles and Lane 1990). Upland forested environment, not only attracted and supported deer and elk populations for hunting, but likely also provided a variety of plant resources such as berries, nuts, and root foods. The Euroamerican influence was felt long before most Native groups met incoming settlers to the Pacific Northwest. This influence had many repercussions for Native groups, for example, many populations in the Puget Sound area were decimated by at least one smallpox epidemic, only one of several European diseases that traveled long distances without the aid of direct Euroamerican contact (Suttles and Lane 1990).
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In 1855, members of the Duwamish and neighboring Puget Sound tribes signed the Treaty of Point Elliott, which provided for the removal of tribal members to reservations. The Duwamish, along with neighboring groups from the Green and White Rivers, were ordered to move onto the Port Madison Reservation, along with the Suquamish (Lane 1975:3–4). Many Duwamish remained on the Black River in defiance of government orders, and were present as late as 1874; however, they had been removed by the time of the Cedar River channelization (Lewarch et al. 1996:3–13). 4.3 Historic-Period Context
The first Euroamerican settlers in the vicinity were the Denny Party, who settled in present-day downtown Seattle in 1852 (Bagley 1929). As Seattle grew, the area saw numerous small villages arise. One of these was Ravenna, founded in 1889 by William and Louise Beck, who purchased 400 acres on the north side of Union Bay. The settlement soon featured a school for girls, a music conservatory, a grocery store, a flour mill, a post office, and a station for the Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railroad. Ravenna Park, which had opened in 1887, featured massive trees, trout streams, and sulfur springs. The Becks added new trails, picnic shelters, and a tea house. By 1892, a streetcar line ran up to Ravenna Park from downtown Seattle, and the park became a popular retreat for city dwellers. Charles Cowen, a British immigrant, purchased the area to the west of the Beck property in 1900. He platted the usable land into residential lots and developed a park in the ravine (Blecha 2011).
In 1902, the City of Seattle hired the Olmsted Brothers, landscape architects, to develop a parks and boulevards plan for the city. The initial report and recommendations, issued in 1903, included a parkway (now NE Ravenna Boulevard) from Green Lake along Ravenna Creek to the ravine containing Ravenna and Cowen Parks. In 1907, Charles Cowen donated to the City the steep ravine and creek on his property, which became Cowen Park. During that same year, the City annexed both parks and the surrounding area. In 1911, the City lowered the level of Green Lake, as recommended in the Olmsted Plan, to provide more usable park land near the lake. This action reduced the flow of Ravenna Creek, making Ravenna and Cowen Parks much less inviting. During this period of expansion, the City of Seattle logged all the old growth within Cowen Park (Blecha 2011).
Transportation, especially the automobile, had profound effects on Cowen Park. In 1915, as the surrounding area filled with residences, a wooden footbridge was constructed over the ravine. A double-decker wooden trestle bridge replaced it in 1924 (Figure 4-1). The streetcar line ran on the upper level of the bridge, with pedestrians using the footbridge below (Blecha 2011).
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Figure 4-1. Wooden trestle bridge at Cowen Park, Seattle, ca. 1925.
The wooden trestle was replaced in turn in 1936 with the present Cowen Park Bridge. It was a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project that involved the construction of a reinforced concrete arch that is 60 feet above Ravenna Creek (Long 2001). The distinctive Art Deco light standards are evidence of its 1930s origins. In the 1960s, while Interstate 5 was being built, the city allowed 100,000 cubic yards of excavation spoils to be dumped into Cowen Park, transforming the ravine into a flat, street-level area suitable for ball fields and a playground (Blecha 2011). The neighborhoods surrounding the project area developed largely between 1900 and 1929, with the major growth occurring between 1910 and 1919. To the north of Cowen and Ravenna Parks, up to NE 65th Street and between 15th and 20th Avenues NE, was platted in 1906 as the University Scenic Addition. The same year, the area to the west, to 10th Avenue NE (now University Way NE), was platted as Cowen’s University Park Addition. The neighborhood to the south, University Park, was platted in 1910. With streetcar access and the economic influence of the 1909 Alaskan–Yukon–
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Pacific Exposition (held on the University of Washington campus), the Ravenna/Cowen/University vicinity developed quickly. The expansion of the University of Washington during the 1920s also influenced development, including the construction of apartment buildings in University Park. Modern electric and sewer infrastructure was also installed during the 1920s to support the neighborhood surrounding Ravenna and Cowen Parks. A portion of the sewer runs under the trail below the Cowen Park Bridge. In 1957, the sewer ruptured and clean up and replacement ensued (Seattle Municipal Archives 1957). The neighborhood, remains today as a largely single-family residential area, although pressure for multifamily, commercial, and institutional uses are increasing as the city and the University of Washington grow.
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5. Expectation for Archaeological Resources
As noted earlier, the DAHP predictive model map indicates a high probability of encountering archaeological resources for the majority of the APE and a very high probability of encountering archaeological resources directly below and adjacent to the bridge. However, HRA’s research has been done at a project-specific level as described in Sections 2 through 4. We predict a low potential of encountering precontact and historic-period archaeological resources within the APE because of the amount of ground disturbance that has occurred in Cowen Park since 1920. HRA’s expectations for precontact and historic-period archaeological resources is specifically based on these factors:
• The topography and surface geology of the APE is steep slopes and artificial fill material; • In 1915, a wood trestle foot bridge was constructed within the ground disturbance area of the APE; • In 1924, a double decker wood bridge for pedestrians and streetcars replaced the foot bridge; • The Seattle Parks and Recreation Department logged Cowen Park in 1926; • Cowen Park Bridge was constructed in 1936 within the ground-disturbance area;
• A 1957 sewer construction project impacted the ground-disturbance area; and • The depth of anticipated ground disturbance will not exceed the depth of the artificial fill material.
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6. Field Strategy and Methods
6.1 Archaeological Inventory
As requested by WSDOT and DAHP, HRA carried out surface archaeological investigations within the APE. For the surface survey, an HRA archaeologists walked parallel transects spaced approximately 10 meters (m) apart and sought out exposed ground for examination. 6.2 Architectural Inventory
The majority of the 15 resources in the APE have already been evaluated for NRHP eligibility (see Table 6-1). The inventory included three resources that had not previously been evaluated.
Table 6-1. Architectural Resources Evaluated for the NRHP. Number Name Address Parcel
03 Ravenna Park 5520 Ravenna Avenue NE 7172700040
14 Heather Arms Apartments 5804 15th Avenue NE 0641000010
15 Ravenna Parkside 5808 15th Avenue NE 0641000020 Apartments
Updated Historic Property Inventory forms are provided for the 15 resources (except the historic district) in Appendix B.
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7. Archaeological Survey Results
7.1 The Archaeological Survey
HRA archaeologists Lynn Compas, MA carried out a pedestrian survey of the APE on July 17, 2018 (Figure 7-1). Ground surface visibility was excellent in most areas under the bridge and along pathways as they were devoid of vegetation. There was dense vegetation along Ravenna Creek itself, however, this area will not be disturbed during construction. All areas examined appeared to have been disturbed by previous construction and no archaeological resources were observed within the APE. No shovel probes were excavated because the entire APE has been disturbed by previous construction and ground disturbance is anticipated to be very minimal.
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Figure 7-1. The pedestrian survey of the APE.
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8. Architectural Inventory Results and Evaluations
8.1 Criteria and Integrity
Mimi Sheridan conducted evaluations of three resources. Each resource was assessed against criteria for listing in the NRHP. 8.1.1 National Register of Historic Places Criteria
The criteria for listing a property in the NRHP require that a building be over 50 years of age and must meet certain defined criteria and possess integrity, as outlined in 36 CFR 60.4: A. Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or, B. Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or, C. Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or represents the works of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction; or, D. Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. 8.1.2 Integrity
"Integrity is the ability of a property to convey its significance" and is related to how a property's physical features are tied to and convey its significance (NPS 1997). It is based on "…why, where and when a property is important." To retain integrity, a property must retain most of the seven aspects of integrity, which are as follows:
• Location: the place where the property was constructed or the place where the historic event occurred. • Design: the combination of elements that create the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a property. • Setting: the physical environment of a historic property. • Materials: the physical elements that were combined or deposited during a particular period of time, and in a particular pattern or configuration, to form a historic property.
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• Workmanship: the physical evidence of the crafts of a particular culture or people during any given period in history or prehistory. • Feeling: a property's expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period of time. • Association: the direct link between an important historic event or person and a historic property. The architectural resource inventory and evaluation included three resources that had not previously been evaluated: Ravenna Park, the Heather Arms Apartments, and Ravenna Parkside Apartments. 8.2 Ravenna Park
Significance: Ravenna Park (Figures 8-1–8-6) was initially developed as a private park in 1882 and was purchased by William and Louise Beck in 1889. The Becks acquired 400 acres, including the park, and developed the Town of Ravenna, with a school for girls, a music conservatory, a grocery store, a flour mill, a post office, and a station for the Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railroad. The Becks improved the park with new trails and picnic shelters and, by 1892, a street car line brought people from downtown to enjoy the massive trees, hiking trails, and mineral springs (now gone) that were the park’s main attractions (Blecha 2011).
In 1902, the City of Seattle hired the Olmsted Brothers, landscape architects, to develop a parks and boulevard plan for the city. Their initial report and recommendations, issued in 1903, included a parkway (now Ravenna Boulevard) from Green Lake along Ravenna Creek to the ravine containing Ravenna and Cowen Parks. In 1911, the City annexed the City of Ravenna, including Ravenna Park. That same year, the City lowered the level of Green Lake, as recommended in the Olmsted Plan, to provide more usable park land near the lake. This action reduced the flow of Ravenna Creek, making the park much less inviting. The City of Seattle also logged all the old growth timber, despite public protests and promises to halt logging (Blecha 2011). Despite these early alterations, the park has become a treasured resource. It provides both naturalist and recreational opportunities. In 1913, a bridge was built across the ravine at 20th Avenue NE; it is now a City of Seattle landmark and is listed in the NRHP, but is now limited to pedestrian and bicycle use. In 1931–1932, a playground and large wading pool were built at the southeast corner by the WPA; the pool was closed in 1950 and was later replaced. A brick shelter house in a simplified Tudor Revival style was built in 1932. It was one of eight shelter houses built in city parks in the late 1920s to early 1930s, reflecting the desire to make park buildings both attractive and serviceable. Hiking trails, a picnic area with a stone shelter, a ballfield, and tennis courts have also been added (Sherwood 2018).
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Description: Ravenna Park, comprising 52.4 acres, is located north of the University of Washington. It is a narrow, curving strip, approximately two blocks wide and a half mile long, extending from 15th Avenue NE (the Cowen Park Bridge) and southeast to NE 55th Street at 25th Avenue NE. It is contiguous, with Cowen Park at the west end. Popular naturalistic features include hiking trails along the steep north and south sides of the ravine (which is up to 115 feet deep) and a path along Ravenna Creek on the floor of the ravine. The ravine is heavily forested with Douglas fir, maple, hemlock, cedar, and a thick understory. Tennis courts are located at the west end, near the Cowen Park Bridge. A large ballfield and picnic area, with a stone shelter and parking area, are located near the center, adjacent to the 20th Avenue NE Bridge. Additional tennis courts, a large wading pool, a playground, and a brick shelter house are at the southeast end near NE 55th Street.
The park’s main building is a shelter house built in 1932 near the children’s playground at the southeastern end of the park. The small one-story building is located south of the wading pool and tennis courts, facing south toward the playground. It is in a simplified Tudor Revival style with steep gabled roofs, minimal eaves, and red clay tile and brick in decorative patterns. It has a composition roof, a concrete foundation, and a brick chimney. The side-gabled central section contains a recreation room and is flanked by smaller gabled wings containing restrooms, giving it a T-shaped footprint. The principal elevation, on the south, has a gabled central entry bay accessed by wide concrete steps, with a recessed door surrounded by simple decorative brickwork. Horizontal windows flank the center bay and wrap around the corners of the main block. The multilight sash is covered by metal screens. Similar screened windows are on the northwest and northeast corners. The rear elevation has a central entrance door. Evaluation: Ravenna Park, which pre-dated the 1903 Olmsted Plan, was not designed or influenced by the firm but was incorporated into the plan. After the City purchased the park in 1911, several changes were made that altered its character, including the removal of large trees and reducing the flow of Ravenna Creek. However, improvements since at least the 1930s have developed and maintained its character as an urban park providing hiking and recreational facilities, including tennis, picnicking, and a playground.
Since the 1930s, it has retained integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and feeling. It is eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criterion A for its association with the growth of Seattle’s park system and of the Ravenna/University neighborhood. The character-defining features are the presence of hiking trails, the creek side path, and the brick shelter house.
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Figure 8-1. Ravenna Creek and path at west end of park.
Figure 8-2. Picnic area and stone shelter.
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Figure 8-3. Stone picnic shelter.
Figure 8-4. Shelter house, wading pool, and tennis courts at southeast section of the park.
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Figure 8-5. Entry to shelter house.
Figure 8-6. West façade of shelter house.
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8.3 Heather Arms Apartments (5800 15th Avenue NE)
Significance: City of Seattle records indicate that the Heather Arms Apartments (now known as the Heatherfield Apartments #1) and the adjoining building (originally the Ravenna Parkside Apartments and now the Heatherfield Apartments #2) were built in 1910 as single-family residences. The original owner was Nemias B. Beck, a real estate developer and insurance agent who also built two large houses to the east of these buildings on 16th Avenue NE. The architects were Bressman and Dupree, of whom little is known; no other works by the firm have been identified. Beck was most likely related to William W. Beck, who, with his wife, Louise, had purchased 400 acres in the area in 1889 and, over the next decades, developed the Town of Ravenna (annexed by Seattle in 1907) and Ravenna Park (purchased by the City in 1911). The residence was converted to nine apartments in 1926, a period of significant growth in both single-family and multifamily construction (Meisner and Krafft 2015). Description: This two-and-half story red brick-clad building sits slightly above the street with a concrete pathway and stairs to the entry porch on the north end (Figures 8-7–8-8). Landscaping includes a lawn, shrubs, and several small trees; on the south and east (rear), vegetation obscures some of the building. The principal (west) façade is symmetrical, with a hipped roof almost obscured by two prominent bays with Flemish-style shaped gables with metal coping. Prominent brackets support the eaves between the bays, and a tall brick chimney rises from the center of the roof. All the original multilight wood window sash have been replaced with newer metal sash in various configurations (sliding, awning, single-hung and fixed). The first floor has two large bay windows, each with a shallow hipped roof with brackets and fixed and sliding metal sash. On the second story, each side has two pairs of metal casement and fixed windows. In the center of the façade, each floor has two single casement windows. The top floor has three windows in each bay—a larger one flanked by two smaller ones, all with newer metal sash windows with pointed arch transoms that generally reflect the shape of the shaped gables. The entry, with a newer door, is on a projecting brick porch at the center of the north façade. The porch has a pointed arch on each side and a flat roof with a wrought iron railing and a newer door providing access. Both side elevations are generally similar to the principal façade with a single shaped gable and metal sash window flanking the center bay. The third-floor windows have pointed arch transoms. The rear elevation is complex, with a pair of two-story square bays providing glassed- in porches at the second story. Another glassed-in room is on the first story between the two bays, and a secondary entry and stairway is located at the southwest corner. Evaluation: The Heather Arms Apartments have been significantly altered through the replacement of all window sash, an important character-defining feature, with incompatible metal sash windows. The entry porch also appears to have been altered, with the addition of a wrought iron railing to form a deck on the porch. These changes have caused the building to lose integrity of design, materials, and feeling and is not eligible for listing in the NRHP.
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Figure 8-7. North (entry) and west façades, showing replacement window sash.
Figure 8-8. Entry detail.
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8.4 Ravenna Parkside Apartments (5808 15th Avenue NE)
Significance: City of Seattle records indicate that the Ravenna Parkside Apartments (now known as the Heatherfield Apartments #2) and the adjoining building (originally the Heather Arms Apartments and now the Heatherfield Apartments #1) were built in 1910 as single-family residences. The original owner was Nemias B. Beck, a real estate developer and insurance agent who also built, and lived in, two large houses to the east of these buildings on 16th Avenue NE. The architects were Bressman and Dupree, of whom little is known; no other works by the firm have been identified. Beck was most likely related to William W. Beck, who, with his wife, Louise, had purchased 400 acres in the area in 1889 and, over the next decades, developed the Town of Ravenna (annexed by Seattle in 1907) and Ravenna Park (purchased by the City in 1911). The residence was converted to nine apartments in 1926, a period of significant growth in both single-family and multifamily construction (Meisner and Krafft 2015). Description: This two-and-half story red brick-clad building sits close to the street with a small lawn in front and stairs at the south end leading to the entry porch (Figures 8-9–8-11). Landscaping includes a lawn, shrubs, and flowers. The principal (west) façade is symmetrical, with a hipped roof almost obscured by two prominent gable bays with Flemish-style shaped parapets with metal coping. Prominent brackets support the eaves between the bays, and a tall brick chimney rises from the center of the roof. The windows throughout are original multilight wood sash windows in various configurations. The first floor has two large bay windows, each with a shallow hipped roof with brackets and five casement windows with a multilight transom extending the width of the bay. On the second story, each side has two pairs of similar casement windows. In the center of the façade, each floor has two single 15-light casement windows. The top floor has three windows in each bay—a larger one flanked by two smaller ones, all with multilight pointed arch transoms that generally reflect the shape of the shaped gables. The entry is on a projecting brick porch at the center of the south façade. The front wood door is flanked by multilight sidelights. The porch has a pointed arch opening on each side and a gabled roof with a shaped parapet. Both side elevations are generally similar to the principal façade with a single shaped parapet and multilight sash windows flanking the center bay. The third-floor windows have pointed arch transoms. The rear elevation is complex, with a pair of two-story square bays providing glassed-in porches at the second story. Another glassed-in room is on the first story between the two bays. A detached two-car garage with a flat roof is at the north end of the building; the date of construction is not known. Evaluation: The Ravenna Parkside Apartments were altered in 1926 when the building was converted from a single-family residence to an apartment building. The original appearance of the residence is not known. However, the conversion occurred more than 50 years ago, and the building has since attained significance as an apartment building. Its relatively unusual Flemish-based design and its notable multilight window sash, which have not been altered, contribute to its significance. It
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appears to retain integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and feeling. It is eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criterion A, for its association with the growth of multifamily buildings, a major development pattern in 1920s Seattle, and under Criterion C, as a good example of a 1920s apartment building. The character-defining features are the Flemish-style shaped parapets and the multilight wood sash windows.
Figure 8-9. West and south (entry) façades showing Flemish-style parapets.
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Figure 8-10. Bay window detail on main façade.
Figure 8-11. Detached garage (date unknown) at north end.
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9. Summary and Recommendations
9.1 Archaeological Resources
No subsurface archaeological fieldwork was conducted for the project. The ground disturbance proposed for the Project is within sediment described as artificial fill that has been previously disturbed during the construction of the existing Cowen Park Bridge and previous wooden bridges in the same location.
HRA characterizes the potential for archaeological deposits as low (see Section 5), due to the disturbed nature of the ground in much of the proposed APE and the relatively limited ground disturbance associated with the Project. No further archaeological study is needed. HRA recommends the implementation of an inadvertent discovery plan (IDP) to address proper procedures and protocols in case archaeological resources or human remains are discovered during the project. An IDP is provided in Appendix A. If the Project changes substantially from that described above, additional analysis may be necessary. 9.2 Architectural Resources
The planned construction activities and method of accessing the work area are not likely to adversely affect nearby historic properties, including Cowen or Ravenna Parks and the historic district. Any disturbance is planned to be short term and would not have an effect significant enough to alter the character-defining features of these properties. The Project will also not adversely affect the historic bridge. The proposed retrofit measures, described in Section 1.1, will preserve the character-defining features and the bridge will retain integrity of location, design, setting, workmanship, feeling and association.
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10. References
Alt, D. D., and D. W. Hyndeman 1995 Northwest Exposures: A Geologic Story of the Northwest. Mountain Press Publishing Co., Missoula, Montana. Ames, K. M, and H. D. G. Maschner 1999 Peoples of the Northwest Coast: Their Archaeology and Prehistory. Thames and Hudson, London. Amoss, P. 1978 Coast Salish Spirit Dancing: The Survival of an Ancestral Religion. University of Washington Press, Seattle. Anderson Map Company 1907 Page 10 - Township 25 North, Range 4 East. King County 1907. Electronic document, www.historicmapworks.com, accessed November 13, 2018. Angotti, Laura, and David Wilma 1998 Calvary Cemetery (Seattle). HistoryLink.org Essay 978. Electronic document, http://www.historylink.org/File/978, accessed July 5, 2018. Atley, Elizabeth S. 1980 Cowen Park Bridge Landmark Nomination Form. On file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, Washington. Bagley, Clarence 1929 History of King County, Washington. S.J. Clarke Publishing Company, Seattle. Barnosky, Cathy W. 1984 Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Environmental History of Southwestern Washington State, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 21:619–629. Barnosky, C. W., P. M. Anderson, and P. J. Bartlein 1987 Chapter 14: The Northwestern U.S. During Deglaciation; Vegetational History and Paleoclimatic Implications. In The Geology of North America, Volume K-3: North America and Adjacent Oceans During the Last Deglaciation, edited by W. F. Ruddiman and Herbert E.Wright, Jr., pp. 289–321. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado. Binford, Lewis R. 1980 Willow Smoke and Dogs’ Tails: Hunter-Gatherer Settlement Systems and Archaeological Site Formation. American Antiquity 45(1):4–20. Blecha, Peter 2011 Ravenna Park (Seattle). HistoryLink.org Essay No. 9559. Electronic document, http://www.historylink.org/File/9559, accessed July 19, 2018. Blukis Onat, Astrida R., Roger A. Kiers, and Phillipe D. LeTourneau 2005 Preliminary Ethnographic and Geoarchaeological Study of the SR 520 Bridge Replacement and HOV Project. BOAS, Inc., Seattle, Washington. Prepared for Washington State Department of Transportation, Seattle.
44 Cultural Resources Report for the Proposed Cowen Park Bridge Retrofit Project
Booth, Derek B., Kathy Goetz Troost, John J. Clague, and Richard B. Waitt 2004 The Cordilleran Ice Sheet. In The Quaternary Period in the United States, edited by A. R. Gillespie, S. C. Porter, and B. F. Atwater, pp. 17–43. Developments in Quaternary Science 1, series editor Jim Rose. Elsevier Science, New York, New York. Booth, Derek B., Kathy Goetz Troost, and Scott A. Schimel 2009 Geologic Map of Northeastern Seattle (part of the Seattle North 7.5' x 15' quadrangle), King County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3065, scale 1:12000 and database. Brubaker, Linda B. 1991 Climate Change and the Origin of Old-Growth Douglas-Fir Forests in the Puget Sound Lowland. In Wildlife and Vegetation of Unmanaged Douglas-Fir Forests, edited by Leonard F. Ruggiero, Keith B. Aubry, Andrew B. Carey, and Mark F. Huff, pp. 17–24. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, General Technical Report PNW-GTR-285. Buerge, D. 1984 The Lost Tribes of Lake Washington: Reconstructing the Prehistoric World of the Lake People. Seattle Weekly (August 1–7):29–33. Carter, Sam 2015 Cultural Resources Report: Proposed Roof-Top Collocation Telecommunications Site; Site Name: SEA E Greenlake - New Build; Seattle. Terracon Consultants, Inc., Mountlake Terrace, Washington. Prepared for Verizon Wireless. Chatters, J. C. 1987 Tualdad Altu: A 4th Century Village on the Black River, King County, Washington. On file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, Washington. Chatters, J. C., J. B. Cooper, P. D. LeTourneau, and L. C. Rooke 2011 Understanding Olcott: Data Recovery at 45SN28 and 45SN303, Snohomish County, Washington. On file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, Washington. Courtois & Associates 2003 Preliminary Report on University of Washington Main Campus, Seattle; Significant Buildings and Features Completed Prior to 1953. Courtois & Associates, Seattle, Washington. Prepared for Sound Transit, Central Puget Sound Regional Transit Authority, Seattle, Washington. Courtois, Shirley, Katheryn Krafft, and Catherine Wickwire 1999a Sound Transit Central Link Light Rail EIS Historic and Archaeological Resources Technical Report. Prepared by Courtois & Associates and CH2M Hill, Inc. for Central Puget Sound Regional Transit Authority, Seattle, WA. 1999b Central Link Rail Transit Project Historic and Prehistoric Archaeological Sites Historic Resources Native American Traditional Cultural Properties Paleontological Sites. Courtois & Associates, Seattle, Washington. Prepared for Sound Transit, Central Puget Sound Regional Transit Authority, Seattle, Washington. Dellert, Jenny 2018 State of Washington Archaeological Site Inventory Form for 45KI1372. On file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, Washington.
Cultural Resources Report for the Proposed Cowen Park Bridge Retrofit Project 45
Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation 2018 Cemetery Report for 45KI1003. On file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, Washington. Dethier, D. P., F. Pessl, Jr., R. F. Keuler, M. A. Balzarini, and D. R. Pevear 1995 Later Wisconsinan Glaciomarine Deposition and Isostatic Rebound, Northern Puget Lowland, Washington. Geological Society of America Bulletin 107(11):1288–1303. Easterbrook, D. J., and D. A. Rahm 1970 Landforms of Washington: The Geologic Environment. Union Printing Co., Bellingham, Washington. Elder, J. T., and M. S. Sparks 2010 Tacoma/Pierce County HOV Program Archaeological Data Recovery Report. On file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, Washington. Franklin, J. F., and C. T. Dyrness 1973 Natural Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report PNW-8. Galster, R. W., and W. T. LaPrade 1991 Geology of Seattle, Washington, United States of America. Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists 28(3):235–302. Gilpin, Jennifer and Dawn Vogel 2011 Archaeological Assessment for the weleb?altx, or Intellectual House Project, University of Washington. Historical Research Associates Inc., Seattle, Washington. Prepared for University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Gray, Connie Walker, Susan Boyle, Sonja Molchany, Mimi Sheridan, and Rachel Gleeson 2017 Historic Resources Survey and Inventory of the University of Washington Seattle Campus: Historic Resources Report. Confluence Environmental Company, Seattle, Washington. Prepared for City of Seattle, Department of Neighborhoods, Washington. Greengo, R. E., and R. Houston 1965 Excavations at the Marymoor Site. Magic Machine Press. Gunn, Kenny 2016 SA20 University Village Section 106 Report. Summit Solutions Group LLC, Portland, Oregon. Prepared for Mastec c/o AT&T Mobility. Haeberlin, H., and E. Gunther 1930 The Indians of Puget Sound. University of Washington Press, Seattle. Hilbert, Vi, Jay Miller, and Zalmai Zahir 2001 Puget Sound Geography. Original Manuscript from Thomas T. Waterman. Lushootseed Press, Seattle, Washington. Johnson, Larry, et al., Friends of Ravenna-Cowen 2018 National Register Nomination Form, Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District Nomination Form. On file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, Washington.
46 Cultural Resources Report for the Proposed Cowen Park Bridge Retrofit Project
Kidd, Robert 1964 A Synthesis of Western Washington Prehistory from the Perspective of Three Occupation Sites. Master's thesis, University of Washington, Seattle. King, Arden 1949 Archaeology of the San Juan Islands: A Preliminary Report of the Cattle Point Site. In Indians of the Urban Northwest, edited by Marian W Smith, pp. 131–146. Columbia University Press, New York. Kopperl, R. E., C. J. Miss, and C. M. Hodges 2010 Results of Testing at the Bear Creek Site 45-KI-839, Redmond, King County, Washington. On file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, Washington. Kroll Map Company 1912 Township 25 N Range 4 E. King County 1912. Electronic document. www.historicmapworks.com, accessed November 13, 2018. 1926 Plate 010 - T. 25 N., R. 4 E., Lake Washington, Green Lake, Lake Union, Latona. King County 1926. Electronic document, www.historicmapworks.com, accessed November 13, 2018. Kruckeberg, Arthur R. 1991 The Natural History of Puget Sound Country. University of Washington Press, Seattle. Lane, Barbara 1975 Identity and Treaty Status of the Duwamish Tribe of Indians. Report prepared for the US Department of the Interior and the Duwamish Tribe of Indians. Ms. on file at Special Collections, Allen Library, University of Washington, Seattle. Larrison, Earl J. 1967 Mammals of the Northwest: Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and British Columbia. Seattle Audubon Society, Seattle, Washington. Larson, Lynn L., and Dennis E. Lewarch (editors) 1995 The Archaeology of West Point, Seattle, Washington: 4,000 Years of Hunter-Fisher-Gatherer Land Use in Southern Puget Sound Volume 1, Parts 1 and 2. Larson Anthropological Archaeological Services, Ltd., Seattle, Washington. Prepared for King County Department of Metropolitan Services, Seattle, Washington. Submitted to CH2M Hill, Bellevue, Washington. Lewarch, D. E. 2006 Renton High School Indian Site (45KI501) Archaeological Data Recovery, King County, Washington. On file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, Washington. Lewarch, Dennis E., Lynn L. Larson, Leonard A. Forsman, Guy F. Moura, Eric W. Bangs, and Paula Mohr Johnson 1996 King County Department of Natural Resources Water Pollution Control Division Alki Transfer/CSO Facilities Project Allentown Site (45KI431) and White Lake Site (45KI438 and 45KI438A) Data Recovery. LAAS Technical Report #95-8, Larson Anthropological/Archaeological Services, Seattle, Washington. Prepared for King County Department of Natural Resources, Water Pollution Control Division, Seattle, Washington. Submitted to HDR Engineering, Bellevue, Washington.
Cultural Resources Report for the Proposed Cowen Park Bridge Retrofit Project 47
Lockwood, Chris 2014 State of Washington Archaeological Site Inventory Form for 45KI1201. On file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, Washington. Long, Priscilla 2001 WPA builds Cowen Park Bridge in Seattle's Ravenna neighborhood in 1936. HistoryLink.org Essay No. 3132. Electronic document, http://www.historylink.org/File/3132 accessed July 19, 2018. Meltzer, D. J., and R. C. Dunnell 1987 Fluted Points from the Pacific Northwest. Current Research in the Pleistocene 4:64–67. Miller, Jay 2002 Montlake Area Ethnography. Prepared for Sound Transit Link Light Rail and NWAA. Manuscript on file, BOAS, Inc., and Northwest Archaeological Associates, Inc., Seattle, Washington. Miller, Jay, and Astrida R. Blukis Onat 2004 Winds, Waterways, and Weirs, Ethnographic Study of the Central Link Light Rail Corridor. BOAS, Inc., Seattle. Submitted to Central Link Light Rail, Sound Transit. Metsker, Chas. F. 1936 Township 25 N., Range 4 E. Electronic document, http://www.historicmapworks.com/, accessed October 2018. Nelson, Charles M. 1976 The Radiocarbon Age of the Biderbost Site (45SN100) and Its Interpretive Significance for the Prehistory of the Puget Sound Basin. Washington Archaeologist 20(1):1–17. 1990 Prehistory of the Puget Sound Region. In Northwest Coast, edited by Wayne Suttles, pp. 481–484. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 7, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Osborne, D. 1956 Early Lithics in the Pacific Northwest. Research Studies of the State College of Washington 24:38–44. Ostrander, Thomas 2017 State of Washington Archaeological Site Inventory Form for 45KI1362. On file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, Washington. Pinyerd, Dave 2013 Carpenter #SE63XC101, 6325 23rd Ave NE, Seattle. Historic Preservation Northwest, Seattle, Washington. Prepared for Adapt Engineering, Inc., Seattle, Washington. 2014 Antenna Installation at 2251 NE 65th St., 65th & 25th. Historic Preservation Northwest, Seattle, Washington. Prepared for Adapt Engineering, Inc., Seattle, Washington. 2015 Form 621 Green Lake Plaza #SE01201C 6900 Weedin PL NE, Seattle. Historic Preservation Northwest, Seattle, Washington. Prepared for Adapt Engineering, Inc., Seattle, Washington.
48 Cultural Resources Report for the Proposed Cowen Park Bridge Retrofit Project
Pojar, Jim, and Andy Mackinnon 1994 Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Lone Pine Publishing, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Ruby, R. H., and J. A. Brown 1992 A Guide to the Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest, Revised Edition. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, and London, England. Schiffer, Michael B. 1987 Formation Processes of the Archaeological Record. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City. Schumacher, James 2010 Cultural Resources Survey for the Hearthstone Woodlawn Avenue Project, Seattle. Cultural Resource Consultants, Inc., Bainbridge Island, Washington. Prepared for Lutheran Retirement Homes of Greater Seattle. Schwab, Leslie 2010 Cultural Resources Report, Washignton State Department of Transportation, SR 99: Aurora Bridge Seismic Retrofit. Report No. 10-17. Seattle Municipal Archives 1957 Photograph of sewer replacement. On file, City of Seattle Municipal Archives, Seattle, Washington. Sharley, Ann, and Ross Smith 2011 Cultural Resource Assessment for the Thoams Burke Memorial Washington State Museum Renovation Project, University of Washington. Northwest Archaeological Associates, Inc., Seattle, Washington. Prepared for University of Washington, Capital Projects Office, Seattle, Washington and Olson Kundig Architects, Seattle, Washington. Sherwood, Don 2018 Cowen-Ravenna. Electronic document, http://clerk.seattle.gov/~F_archives/sherwood/Cowen-Ravenna.pdf, accessed November 21, 2018. Snyder, D. E., S. G. Phillip, and R. F. Pringle 1973 Soil Survey King County Area, Washington. USDA Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C. Stevens, I. I. 1854 Report on Tribes between the Head of Navigation of the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean: Indian Tribes West of the Cascades. Letter from Isaac I. Stevens, Governor and Superintendent of Indian Affairs, Washington Territory to George W. Maypenny, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Washington D. C., 16 September. In Message from the President of the United States to the Two Houses of Congress, Part 1, pp. 392–459. A.O.P. Nicholson Printer, Washington, D.C. Stevenson, Alexander, Kainoa Little, and Sonja Molchany 2014 Cultural Resources Inventory for the University of Washington Burke-Gilman Trail, Rainier Vista to Northeast 47th Street (Forest Reach) Segment, City of Seattle, King County, Washington. Historical Research Associates, Inc., Seattle, Washington. Prepared for EA Engineering Science and Technology, Inc., Seattle, Washington.
Cultural Resources Report for the Proposed Cowen Park Bridge Retrofit Project 49
Stilson, M. L., and J. C. Chatters 1981 Excavations at 45-SN-48N and 45-SN49A, Snohomish County, Washington. On file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, Washington. Suttles, W. 1990 Environment. In Northwest Coast, edited by Wayne Suttles, pp. 16–29. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 7, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Suttles, W., and B. Lane 1990 Southern Coast Salish. In Northwest Coast, edited by Wayne Suttles, pp. 485–502. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 7, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Trigger, B. 2002 A History of Archaeological Thought. Second Ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. United States Geological Services (USGS) 1856 General Land Office Plat, Township 25 North, Range 4 East, Willamette Meridian. Electronic document, http://www.blm.gov/or/landrecords/survey/ySrvy1.php, accessed November 2018. 1894 USGS 1:62500-scale Quadrangle for Seattle, WA 1894: U.S. Geological Survey. 1949 USGS 1:24000-scale Quadrangle for Seattle North, WA 1949: U.S. Geological Survey. Valentino, Alicia, Katherine Wilson, and Chris Lockwood 2017 Roosevelt High School Athletic Field Lighting, Cultural Resources Assessment, Seattle. ESA Inc., Seattle, Washington. Prepared for Seattle Public Schools, Washington. Waterman, T. T., and R. Greiner 1921 Indian Houses of the Puget Sound. Museum of the American Indian, New York. Waters, M. R, T. W. Stafford Jr., H. G. McDonald, C. Gustafson, M. Rasmussen, E. Cappellini, J. V. Olsen, D. Szklarczyk, L. J. Jensen, M. T. Gilbert, and E. Willerslev 2011 Pre-Clovis Mastadon Hunting 13,800 Years Ago at the Manis Site, Washington. Science 334: 351–353. Way, Nancy 1989 Our Town Redmond. Marymoor Museum, Redmond, Washington. Whitlock, C. 1992 Vegetational and Climatic History of the Pacific Northwest during the last 20,000 Years: Implications for Understanding Present-Day Biodiversity. The Northwest Environmental Journal 8:5–28. Wickwire, Cathy 2001 Survey Report: Comprehensive Inventory of City-Owned Historic Resources, Seattle, Washington. On file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, Olympia, Washington.
50 Cultural Resources Report for the Proposed Cowen Park Bridge Retrofit Project
Appendix A. Inadvertent Discovery Plan for the Proposed Cowen Park Bridge Retrofit Project
Cultural Resources Report for the Proposed Cowen Park Bridge Retrofit Project 51
Cowen Park Bridge Retrofit Project Inadvertent Discovery Plan for Human Remains and Archaeological Resources
INTRODUCTION This plan describes the procedures that the City of Seattle (City) will follow in the event of an inadvertent discovery of human remains or archaeological resources. Further information about the results of the cultural resources work conducted for the project can be found in Cultural Resources Report for the Cowen Park Bridge Retrofit Project (Durkin and Sheridan 2018).
PROJECT DESCRIPTION The City proposes to retrofit the Cowen Park Bridge. The Area of Potential Effect (APE) for the Project encompasses a portion of Cowen Park and a portion of Ravenna Park as well as parcels adjacent to access points at the north and south ends of the bridge on 15th Avenue NE and at NE 61st Street and Brooklyn Avenue NE on the west side of the park. The APE also includes the bridge itself and the work area below the bridge (approximately 30 feet on each side) in both Cowen and Ravenna Parks. No formal excavation will occur and ground disturbance will be limited to previously disturbed areas under the bridge and along existing access trails.
To identify archaeological resources near the project footprint, a records search of Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation’s (DAHP) online database and other on-line sources was conducted in July 2018. No subsurface investigations were performed but pedestrian surveys of the project footprint were conducted in July 2018. No archaeological sites were identified within the APE or project footprint during the research or pedestrian survey.
POTENTIAL CULTURAL RESOURCES The background research and physical examination of the project footprint and APE indicate that the majority of the project has been extensively disturbed by multiple phases of construction (e.g. bridges, stream rechanneling, and sewer installation). There is low probability of encountering intact precontact or historic-period human remains or archaeological resources within the project footprint or APE. Although there is a low probability for identifying these items, the City developed the Inadvertent Discovery Plan to provide procedures and protocols in the event of an inadvertent discovery during project excavations.
LEAD AGENCY The Federal Highways Administration is the lead agency for this project.
During this project the City and its contractor shall comply with state laws regarding human remains (Title 27 RCW Chapter 27.44 Indian Graves and Records and Title 68 RCW Chapter 60.050 Protection of Historic Graves) and federal law regarding archaeological resources (Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act).
ACTIONS FOLLOWING AN INDAVERTENT DISCOVERY The procedures below shall be followed immediately upon the inadvertent discovery of any item that could be a potential cultural resource. These procedures are generally consistent with those outlined in the SDOT Construction Administration Manual (4.08.04).
700 Fifth Avenue, Suite 3800 | PO Box 34996 | Seattle, WA 98124‐4996 | T 206.684.ROAD (7623) | www.seattle.gov/transportation Page | 1
1. The contractor shall: a. Immediately stop work at the discovery site and notify the On-Site Inspector and the Resident Engineer (RE); and b. Secure the discovery site to prevent entrance. Establishment of at least a 30 foot buffer around the find is preferable.
2. The RE shall immediately contact: a. The Construction Engineer (CE); and b. SDOT Environmental Services (SDOT ES) – Joel Hancock, Associate Environmental Analyst, at (206) 684-5695 or, alternatively, Mark Mazzola, Environmental Services Manager, at (206) 733-9117.
3. The CE shall notify the following, as appropriate: a. The SDOT Project Manager (PM) – Vanessa Bacurin at (206) 684-5167 b. The SDOT Public Information Office – Mafara Hobson at (206) 684-8540
4. The RE shall implement and enforce appropriate security measures to: a. Prevent vehicles, equipment, and unauthorized personnel from traversing the site; and b. Ensure that parties in the area do not pick up, touch, or disturb the inadvertently discovered items in any way.
5. SDOT ES shall then take the lead in addressing the inadvertent discovery, as detailed below.
a. If suspected human remains are discovered, SDOT ES will contact:
i. The Federal Highways Administration – WSDOT Archaeologist Trent DeBoer at (360)-705-7879.
ii. Seattle Police Department – using the homicide non-emergency number (206) 684-5550. The police will then consult with the King County Medical Examiner on their findings.
iii. King County Medical Examiner’s Office – to give notice, using (206) 731-3232. Richard Harruff is the County Medical Officer and Kathy Taylor is the County Forensic Anthropologist.
iv. DAHP – Transportation Archaeologist Matthew Sterner at (360) 586-3082 and State Physical Anthropologist Dr. Guy Tasa at (360) 586-3534.
If the remains are determined to be non-forensic, DAHP will take jurisdiction over the remains and the State Physical Anthropologist will determine whether the remains are Native American and report the findings to any appropriate cemeteries and affected Tribes. DAHP will handle all consultation with the affected parties as to the future preservation, excavation, and disposition of the remains.
b. If potential archaeological resources are found, SDOT ES will contact:
i. The Federal Highways Administration – WSDOT Archaeologist Trent DeBoer at (360)-705-7879.
700 Fifth Avenue, Suite 3800 | PO Box 34996 | Seattle, WA 98124‐4996 | T 206.684.ROAD (7623) | www.seattle.gov/transportation Page | 2
ii. DAHP – Transportation Archaeologist Matthew Sterner at (360) 586-3082 and State Physical Anthropologist Dr. Guy Tasa at (360) 586-3534.
c. SDOT ES/FHWA will then follow any instructions from DAHP, such as i. Retaining an on-call consultant archaeologist to help secure the site, examine the discovery, and monitor subsequent excavation; ii. Arranging an on-site meeting of interested parties; and iii. Developing and implementing any necessary mitigation plan.
d. Once the discovery site has been cleared by DAHP, SDOT ES will inform the CE and RE that work may resume in the discovery area.
700 Fifth Avenue, Suite 3800 | PO Box 34996 | Seattle, WA 98124‐4996 | T 206.684.ROAD (7623) | www.seattle.gov/transportation Page | 3
Appendix B. Historic Property Inventory Forms
Cultural Resources Report for the Proposed Cowen Park Bridge Retrofit Project 57
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Cowen Park Bridge Property ID: 45454
Location
Address: 15th Avenue North, Seattle, WA Geographic Areas: King County, King Certified Local Government, Seattle Certified Local Government, King County, T25R04E08, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle
Information Number of stories: N/A
Construction Dates: Construction Type Year Circa Built Date 1936
Historic Use: Category Subcategory Transportation Transportation - Road-Related (vehicular) Transportation Transportation - Road-Related (vehicular)
Historic Context: Category Transportation Engineering
Architect/Engineer: Category Name or Company Architect Eldridge and Mahoney; Thomas Beeman Builder A.W. Quist Company
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Resource Name: Cowen Park Bridge Property ID: 45454
Registers: Register Type Listed Date Removed Date Period of Level of Criteria Significance Significance National Register 7/16/1982 - Local C Washington Heritage Register 7/16/1982 - Local C
Thematics: Historic Bridges/Tunnels in Washington State TR - Pre-1940
Local Registers and Districts Name Date Listed Notes Project History
Project Number, Organization, Resource Inventory SHPO Determination SHPO Determined By, Project Name Determined Date 2018-08-06596, WSDOT, Cowen 11/20/2018 Park Historic Bridge Project
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Resource Name: Cowen Park Bridge Property ID: 45454
Photos
bridge 1-2.png bridge 2.JPG
bridge.JPG bridge light (2).png
bridge 10.png bridge 1.png
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Resource Name: Cowen Park Bridge Property ID: 45454
Register Image Register nomination form
Original HPI form(s) Register nomination form
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Resource Name: Cowen Park Bridge Property ID: 45454
Inventory Details - 1/1/1900 Common name: Date recorded: 1/1/1900 Field Recorder: Field Site number: SHPO Determination
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Resource Name: Cowen Park Bridge Property ID: 45454
Inventory Details - 3/1/1980 Common name: Date recorded: 3/1/1980 Field Recorder: Field Site number: SHPO Determination
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Resource Name: Cowen Park Bridge Property ID: 45454
Inventory Details - 11/20/2018 Common name: Cowen Park Bridge Date recorded: 11/20/2018 Field Recorder: Mimi Sheridan Field Site number: 01 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Surveyor Opinion
Property appears to meet criteria for the National Register of Historic Places: Yes Property is located in a potential historic district (National and/or local): No Property potentially contributes to a historic district (National and/or local): No
Significance narrative: The Cowen Park Bridge is listed in the NRHP under Criterion C, noting the bridge’s gracefulness, minimal form and Art Deco motifs. It is also listed in the Washington State Inventory of Bridges, Trestles and Aqueducts (#15). This distinctive bridge was built in 1936 to accommodate increased traffic as the Ravenna/University area developed rapidly, and the number of vehicles grew. The first bridge at this site was a wooden footbridge, built in 1915. A double-decked wooden trestle bridge replaced it in 1924. The streetcar line ran on the upper level of the bridge, with pedestrians using the footbridge below (Blecha 2011). This concrete structure was built in 1936 as a Works Progress Administration project. Bridge Engineer Clark H. Eldridge and A. J. Mahony designed it, under the supervision of City Engineer. Thomas R. Beeman. The A.W. Quist Company was the contractor. Iron lamps provided by the Novelty Ornamental Iron and Wire Works were installed on the Art Deco posts. The minimal form of the Cowen Park Bridge reveals the capabilities of reinforced concrete. and reflects the progressive reduction in the quantity of structural material used in concrete arch design. The result is a successful marriage of aesthetics and engineering (Atley 1980). Physical description: The Cowen Park Bridge carries 15th Avenue NE from Cowen Place NE to NE 62nd Street across the Ravenna Creek ravine, marking the boundary between Cowen Park on the west and Ravenna Park to the east. The 358-foot bridge structure consists of six concrete slab approach spans and a 160 foot two-ribbed arch that rises to a height of 60 feet above its springing points. The arch ribs are braced by lateral reinforced concrete struts. Fluting on the piers and columns emphasizes the verticality and apparent lightness of the structure. Light, fluted vertical posts rest on the arches, and support a 42-foot-wide concrete roadway with two lanes of traffic and two 7-foot-wide sidewalks. The vertical Art Deco motifs accentuate the attenuated lines of the arch. At each end of the bridge and above the piers, ziggurat-like projections embellish the 12-foot-tall Art Deco- style light standards.
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Resource Name: Cowen Park Bridge Property ID: 45454
Bibliography: Atley, Elizabeth Shellin Seattle. Landmark Nomination Form, Office of Urban conservation, January 2, 1980. Blecha, Peter. Ravenna Park (Seattle). HistoryLink.org Essay 9559. Electronic document http://www.historylink.org/File/9559, accessed August 20, 2018. Long, Priscilla. WPA builds Cowen Park Bridge in Seattle’s Ravenna neighborhood in 1936, Electronic document http://www.historylink.org/File/3132, accessed August 20, 2018.
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Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Cowen Park Property ID: 677950
Location
Address: 5849 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105 Geographic Areas: King County, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle, King Certified Local Government, Seattle Certified Local Government, T25R04E08
Information Number of stories: N/A
Construction Dates: Construction Type Year Circa Built Date 1906
Historic Use: Category Subcategory Landscape Landscape - Park Landscape Landscape - Park
Historic Context: Category Landscape Architecture Entertainment/Recreation
Architect/Engineer: Category Name or Company
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Resource Name: Cowen Park Property ID: 677950
Thematics:
Local Registers and Districts Name Date Listed Notes Project History
Project Number, Organization, Resource Inventory SHPO Determination SHPO Determined By, Project Name Determined Date 041615-40-HUD-CDBG, , Seattle 3/26/2015 Determined Not Eligible , 4/16/2015 Parks & Recreation Cowen Park 2018-08-06596, WSDOT, Cowen 11/20/2018 Park Historic Bridge Project
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Resource Name: Cowen Park Property ID: 677950
Photos
W & S views, restroom building playground, looking west
Looking east cowen pk 3.JPG
SW Corner, View to North S Corner, View to North
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Resource Name: Cowen Park Property ID: 677950
East side, View to East East side, View to North
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Resource Name: Cowen Park Property ID: 677950
Inventory Details - 3/26/2015 Common name: Cowen Park Date recorded: 3/26/2015 Field Recorder: Tom Quackenbush Field Site number: SHPO Determination 041615-40-HUD-CDBG determined on 4/16/2015
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Resource Name: Cowen Park Property ID: 677950
Inventory Details - 11/20/2018 Common name: Cowen Park Date recorded: 11/20/2018 Field Recorder: Mimi Sheridan Field Site number: 02 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Surveyor Opinion
Property appears to meet criteria for the National Register of Historic Places: No Property is located in a potential historic district (National and/or local): No Property potentially contributes to a historic district (National and/or local): No Significance narrative: Cowen Park has been determined ineligible for listing in the NRHP because it was significantly altered in 1961 when spoils from freeway construction were used to transform the ravine into a flat area for playfields. The park’s only building, a restroom, has been altered recently by the removal of the upper story. The park and the building have both lost integrity of design and feeling.
Cowen Park was donated to the City in 1907 by Charles Cowen, a British immigrant and developer. In 1900, he had purchased 40 acres, including part of the ravine and creek that ran from Green Lake eastward through Ravenna Park. Cowen platted and sold most of the land but donated 12 lots that sloped down toward the creek. Early park improvements included lawns, walkways and construction of a two-story concrete-and- frame shelter house at the east end of the park, adjacent to 15th Avenue NE and the Cowen Park Bridge. It was planned as a combination restroom, shelter house and waiting shelter with a viewing platform overlooking the creek and ravine. In 1902 the City of Seattle hired the Olmsted Brothers, Landscape Architects, to develop a parks and boulevard plan for the city. Their initial report and recommendations, issued in 1903, included a parkway (now Ravenna Boulevard) from Green Lake along Ravenna Creek to the ravine containing Cowen and Ravenna parks. In 1911, the City annexed the Ravenna area and also lowered the level of Green Lake, as recommended in the Olmsted Plan, to provide more usable park land near the lake. This action dried up Ravenna Creek, making both parks much less inviting. The character of the park was altered more significantly in 1961 during the construction of the Interstate 5 freeway. The City allowed 100,000 cubic yards of excavation spoils to be deposited in the park, transforming it from a wooded ravine to the street-level playfield that it is today. The shelter house has been altered significantly by enlarging the windows and removing the entire upper story, leaving only a viewing platform above the remodeled restrooms.
Sunday, November 25, 2018 Page 6 of 7
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Cowen Park Property ID: 677950
Physical description: Cowen Park consists of 8.4 acres located between the Ravenna and University Park neighborhoods, contiguous with the west end of the much larger Ravenna Park. It is irregular in shape, extending from Brooklyn Avenue NE east to 15th Avenue NE, and from NE Ravenna Boulevard/Cowen Place NE to NE 62nd Street. The Cowen Park Bridge at 15th Avenue NE marks the boundary between Cowen and Ravenna parks. The largest section of the park, the western portion, is a flat grassy playfield. The north side has a steep slope with numerous trees and the remains of Ravenna Creek; the pathway here continues beneath the bridge into Ravenna Park. The east end of the park, adjacent to 15th Avenue NE, has a playground and a shelter house. Bibliography: Blecha, Peter. Ravenna Park (Seattle). HistoryLink.org Essay 9559. Electronic document http://www.historylink.org/File/9559, accessed August 20, 2018.
Sherwood, Don. Park History Essay Cowen/Ravenna Park. Electronic document. http://clerk.seattle.gov/~F_archives/sherwood/Cowen-Ravenna.pdf. Accessed August 20, 2018.
Wickwire, Cathy. Survey Report: Comprehensive Inventory of City-Owned Historic Resources, Seattle, Washington, 2001. '
Sunday, November 25, 2018 Page 7 of 7
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Ravenna Park Property ID: 717637
Location
Address: 5520 Ravenna Avenue NE, Seattle WA 98115 Geographic Areas: King Certified Local Government, Seattle Certified Local Government, King County, T25R04E09, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle
Information Number of stories: N/A
Construction Dates: Construction Type Year Circa
Historic Use: Category Subcategory Recreation and Culture Recreation and Culture - Outdoor Recreation Recreation and Culture Recreation and Culture - Outdoor Recreation
Historic Context: Category Landscape Architecture
Architect/Engineer: Category Name or Company
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 1 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Ravenna Park Property ID: 717637
Thematics:
Local Registers and Districts Name Date Listed Notes Project History
Project Number, Organization, Resource Inventory SHPO Determination SHPO Determined By, Project Name Determined Date 2018-08-06596, WSDOT, Cowen 11/21/2018 Park Historic Bridge Project
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 2 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Ravenna Park Property ID: 717637
Photos
ravenna 7.JPG stone picnic shelter
Wading pool & playground creek and path, looking east
Tennis courts & wading pool south façade, shelter house
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 3 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Ravenna Park Property ID: 717637
Inventory Details - 11/21/2018 Common name: Ravenna Park Date recorded: 11/21/2018 Field Recorder: Mimi Sheridan Field Site number: 03 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Surveyor Opinion
Property appears to meet criteria for the National Register of Historic Places: Yes Property is located in a potential historic district (National and/or local): No Property potentially contributes to a historic district (National and/or local): No
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 4 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Ravenna Park Property ID: 717637
Significance narrative: Ravenna Park, which pre-dated the 1903 Olmsted Plan, was not designed or influenced by the firm but was incorporated into the plan. After the City purchased the park in 1911, several changes were made that altered its character, including the removal of large trees, and alterations to Ravenna Creek. However, improvements since at least the 1930s have developed and maintained its character as an urban park providing both naturalistic activities such as hiking and recreational facilities including tennis, picnicking and a playground. Since the 1930s it has retained integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and feeling. It is eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criterion A for its association with the growth of Seattle’s park system and of the Ravenna/University neighborhood. The character-defining features are the presence of hiking trails and the creekside path and the brick shelter house.
Ravenna Park was initially developed as a private park in 1882 and was purchased by William and Louise Beck in 1889. The Becks acquired 400 acres, including the park, and developed the Town of Ravenna, with a school for girls, a music conservatory, a grocery store, a flour mill, a post office, and a station for the Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railroad. The Becks improved the park with new trails and picnic shelters and, by 1892, a street car line brought people from downtown to enjoy the massive trees, hiking trails and mineral springs that were the park’s main attractions (Blecha 2011).
In 1902 the City of Seattle hired the Olmsted Brothers, Landscape Architects to develop a parks and boulevards plan for the city. Their initial report and recommendations, issued in 1903, included a parkway (now Ravenna Boulevard) from Green Lake along Ravenna Creek to the ravine containing Ravenna and Cowen parks. In 1911, the City annexed the City of Ravenna, including Ravenna Park. That same year, the City lowered the level of Green Lake, as recommended in the Olmsted Plan, to provide more usable park land near the lake. This action nearly dried up Ravenna Creek, making the park much less inviting. The City of Seattle also logged all the old growth timber, despite public protests and promises to halt logging (Blecha 2011).
Despite these early alterations, the park has become a treasured resource. It provides both naturalist and recreational opportunities. In 1913 a bridge was built across the ravine at 20th Avenue NE; it is now a City of Seattle landmark and is listed in the NRHP, but is limited to pedestrian and bicycle use). In 1931-32, a playground and large wading pool were built at the southeast corner by the Works Progress Administration; the pool was closed in 1950 and was later replaced. A brick shelter house in a simplified Tudor Revival style was built in 1932. It was one of eight shelter houses built in city parks in the late 1920s-early 1930s, reflecting the desire to make park buildings both attractive and serviceable. Hiking trails, a picnic area with a stone shelter, a ballfield, and tennis courts have also been added (Sherwood).
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 5 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Ravenna Park Property ID: 717637
Physical description: Ravenna Park, comprising 52.4 acres, is located north of the University of Washington, between the Ravenna and University Park neighborhoods. It is a narrow, curving strip of land, approximately two blocks wide and a half mile long , extending from 15th Avenue NE (the Cowen Park Bridge) southeast to NE 55th Street at 25th Avenue NE. It is contiguous with Cowen Park at the west end.
Major naturalistic features include hiking trails along the steep north and south sides of the ravine (which is up to 115 feet deep) and a path along Ravenna Creek on the floor of the ravine. The ravine is heavily forested with old growth Douglas fir, maple, hemlock cedar and a thick understory of various shrubs. Tennis courts are located at the west end, near the Cowen Park Bridge. A large ballfield and picnic area, with a stone shelter and parking area, are located near the center of the park, adjacent to the 20th Avenue Bridge. Additional tennis courts, a large wading pool, a playground and a brick shelter house are at the southeast end near NE 55th Street.
The park’s main building is a shelter house built in 1932 near the children’s playground at the southeastern end of the park. The small one-story building is located south of the wading pool and tennis courts, facing south toward the playground. It is in a simplified Tudor Revival style with steep gabled roofs, minimal eaves and red clay tile and brick in decorative patterns. It has a composition roof, a concrete foundation and a brick chimney. The side-gabled central section contains a recreation room and is flanked by smaller gabled wings containing restrooms, giving it a T-shaped footprint. The principal elevation, on the south, has a gabled center entry bay accessed by wide concrete steps, with a recessed door surrounded by simple decorative brickwork. Horizontals windows flank the center bay and wrap around the corners of the main block,. The multilight sash is covered by metal screens. Similar screened windows are on the northwest and northeast corners. The rear elevation has a center entrance door. Bibliography: Blecha, Peter. Ravenna Park (Seattle). HistoryLink Essay 9559. Electronic document http://www.historylink.org/File/9559, accessed August 20, 2018.
Sherwood, Don. Park History Essay Cowen/Ravenna Park. Electronic document. http://clerk.seattle.gov/~F_archives/sherwood/Cowen-Ravenna.pdf. Accessed August 20, 2018.
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 6 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: McCaffrey House Property ID: 383273
Location
Address: 5917 BROOKLYN AVE NE, SEATTLE, WA Tax No/Parcel No: 1798000035 Plat/Block/Lot: COWENS UNIVERSITY PARK SUBDIV B-C Geographic Areas: King County, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle, King Certified Local Government, Seattle Certified Local Government, King County, T25R04E08, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle
Information Number of stories: 1.50
Construction Dates: Construction Type Year Circa Built Date 1925
Historic Use: Category Subcategory Domestic Domestic - Single Family House Domestic Domestic - Single Family House
Historic Context: Category Architecture
Architect/Engineer: Category Name or Company
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 1 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: McCaffrey House Property ID: 383273
Districts District Name Contributing Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District Thematics:
Local Registers and Districts Name Date Listed Notes Project History
Project Number, Organization, Resource Inventory SHPO Determination SHPO Determined By, Project Name Determined Date 2011-07-00113, , Assessors Data 7/12/2011 Not Determined Project: King County C 2018-08-06596, WSDOT, Cowen 11/20/2018 Park Historic Bridge Project
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 2 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: McCaffrey House Property ID: 383273
Photos
E & N facades garage
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 3 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: McCaffrey House Property ID: 383273
Inventory Details - 7/12/2011 Common name: Date recorded: 7/12/2011 Field Recorder: Artifacts Consulting, Inc. Field Site number: 1798000035 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Form Type Single Dwelling
Surveyor Opinion
Significance narrative: Data included on this historic property inventory form (HPI) detail stemmed from County Assessor building records imported by the Washington State Department of Archaeology of Historic Preservation (DAHP) into WISAARD in 2011. This upload reduces data entry burden on community volunteers and historical societies participating in the survey and inventory of their communities. The intent of this project is directed specifically to facilitating community and public involvement in stewardship, increasing data accuracy, and providing a versatile planning tool to Certified Local Governments (CLGs).
Project methodology entailed use of the University of Washington's State Parcel Database (http://depts.washington.edu/wagis/projects/parcels/development.php) to provide the base parcel layer for CLGs. Filtering of building data collected from each county trimmed out all properties built after 1969, as well as all current, previously inventoried properties. Translation of building data descriptors to match fields in HPI allowed the data upload. Calculation of point locations utilized the center of each parcel. Data on this detail provides a snapshot of building information as of 2011. A detailed project methodology description resides with DAHP. Project team members: Historic Preservation Northwest, GeoEngineers, and Artifacts Consulting, Inc. (project lead). Physical description: The house at 5917 Brooklyn Avenue NE, Seattle, is located in King County. According to the county assessor, the structure was built in 1925 and is a single-family dwelling. The form of the building is single-family.
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 4 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: McCaffrey House Property ID: 383273
Inventory Details - 11/20/2018 Common name: Jackson House Date recorded: 11/20/2018 Field Recorder: Mimi Sheridan Field Site number: 05 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Structural System Wood - Balloon Frame Foundation Concrete - Poured Form Type Single Dwelling - Gable Front and Wing Roof Type Gable - Cross Roof Material Asphalt/Composition Cladding Stucco Plan L-Shape
Styles: Period Style Details Mid-Late 19th and Early 20th Tudor - Cottage Century Revivals
Surveyor Opinion
Property appears to meet criteria for the National Register of Historic Places: No Property is located in a potential historic district (National and/or local): Yes Property potentially contributes to a historic district (National and/or local): Yes
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 5 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: McCaffrey House Property ID: 383273
Significance narrative: This Cottage Tudor residence is a contributing resource to the Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District. It was built in 1925 and the first identified owners (1929 to at least 1964) were Frank and Reta McCaffrey. Frank was the owner of Acme Press in the University District and an aspiring politician who ran unsuccessfully for mayor (1936), King County Commission (1944) and City Council (1946). Quentin and Bernita Jackson have owned the house since 1966.
The district is listed in the NRHP under Criterion A as a cohesive example of early 20- century neighborhood development that retains its unique feeling of time and place. It is also listed under Criterion C for the range and integrity of the architectural styles exhibited in the district. The district is primarily residential, with a total of 443 buildings of which 68 percent are contributing (in addition to 128 contributing accessory structures). The residences include numerous intact examples of Craftsman, American Foursquare, Tudor Revival, Prairie, and Colonial Revival styles, as well as more modern houses. Physical description: This house sits on a flat corner lot, surrounded by lawn, shrubs and large evergreens. Large cedars in the rear yard obscure much of that façade. The one-and half-story Cottage Tudor house is clad in smooth stucco made by the California Stucco Company of Seattle and advertised as brocade stucco. The house has an L-shaped plan and a gable- and-wing form with an arched entry (now enclosed) beneath the swooping front gable. South of the entry is an original grouping of four wood-sash windows, with an original round-arched window above. North of the entry is a small concrete patio with a newer window. The north façade has a bay window replacing an entry door; a newer window is west of this, with three multilight windows on the second story. Similar windows are on the rear façade, which has a shed dormer and a hanging bay above a rear entry. An original stucco-clad single garage is on the south side and is also a contributing resource. Bibliography: Johnson, Larry, et al. Friends of Ravenna-Cowen, Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District Nomination Form, 2018. King County Assessors Data, 1937, 2018
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 6 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Gwinn, Gardner & Marguerita Residence Property ID: 462059
Location
Address: 6103 BROOKLYN AVE NE, SEATTLE, WA Tax No/Parcel No: 1797500381 Plat/Block/Lot: COWENS UNIVERSITY PARK SLY 1/2 M/L Geographic Areas: King County, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle, King Certified Local Government, Seattle Certified Local Government, King County, T25R04E08, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle
Information Number of stories: 1.50
Construction Dates: Construction Type Year Circa Built Date 1917
Historic Use: Category Subcategory Domestic Domestic - Single Family House Domestic Domestic - Single Family House
Historic Context: Category Architecture
Architect/Engineer: Category Name or Company Builder Gwinn, Gardner J.
Saturday, November 24, 2018 Page 1 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Gwinn, Gardner & Marguerita Residence Property ID: 462059
Districts District Name Contributing Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District Thematics:
Local Registers and Districts Name Date Listed Notes Project History
Project Number, Organization, Resource Inventory SHPO Determination SHPO Determined By, Project Name Determined Date 2011-08-00136, , Assessors Data 7/9/2011 Not Determined Project: King County M 2018-08-06596, WSDOT, Cowen 11/20/2018 Park Historic Bridge Project
Saturday, November 24, 2018 Page 2 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Gwinn, Gardner & Marguerita Residence Property ID: 462059
Photos
Front (E) facade S facade
SW façade & garage
Saturday, November 24, 2018 Page 3 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Gwinn, Gardner & Marguerita Residence Property ID: 462059
Inventory Details - 7/9/2011 Common name: Date recorded: 7/9/2011 Field Recorder: Artifacts Consulting, Inc. Field Site number: 1797500381 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Form Type Single Dwelling
Surveyor Opinion Property appears to meet criteria for the National Register of Historic Places: No
Significance narrative: Data included on this historic property inventory form (HPI) detail stemmed from County Assessor building records imported by the Washington State Department of Archaeology of Historic Preservation (DAHP) into WISAARD in 2011. This upload reduces data entry burden on community volunteers and historical societies participating in the survey and inventory of their communities. The intent of this project is directed specifically to facilitating community and public involvement in stewardship, increasing data accuracy, and providing a versatile planning tool to Certified Local Governments (CLGs).
Project methodology entailed use of the University of Washington's State Parcel Database (http://depts.washington.edu/wagis/projects/parcels/development.php) to provide the base parcel layer for CLGs. Filtering of building data collected from each county trimmed out all properties built after 1969, as well as all current, previously inventoried properties. Translation of building data descriptors to match fields in HPI allowed the data upload. Calculation of point locations utilized the center of each parcel. Data on this detail provides a snapshot of building information as of 2011. A detailed project methodology description resides with DAHP. Project team members: Historic Preservation Northwest, GeoEngineers, and Artifacts Consulting, Inc. (project lead). Physical description: The house at 6103 Brooklyn Avenue NE, Seattle, is located in King County. According to the county assessor, the structure was built in 1917 and is a single-family dwelling. The form of the building is single-family.
Saturday, November 24, 2018 Page 4 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Gwinn, Gardner & Marguerita Residence Property ID: 462059
Inventory Details - 11/20/2018 Common name: Gwinn Residence Date recorded: 11/20/2018 Field Recorder: Mimi Sheridan Field Site number: 06 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Foundation Concrete - Poured Form Type Single Dwelling - Bungalow Roof Type Gable - Side Roof Material Asphalt/Composition Cladding Wood - Shingle Structural System Wood - Balloon Frame Plan Irregular
Styles: Period Style Details Late 19th and Early 20th Century Arts & Crafts American Movements
Surveyor Opinion
Property appears to meet criteria for the National Register of Historic Places: Yes Property is located in a potential historic district (National and/or local): Yes Property potentially contributes to a historic district (National and/or local): Yes
Saturday, November 24, 2018 Page 5 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Gwinn, Gardner & Marguerita Residence Property ID: 462059
Significance narrative: This residence is a contributing resource to the Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District. It is an excellent example of a Craftsman bungalow (built in 1917) and is also notable as the home of Gardner J. Gwinn (1888-1959) and his wife, Marguerita. Gwinn was a major developer of single- and multifamily homes, beginning in the 1920s. He arrived in Seattle in 1909 and began building homes on speculation, eventually growing the company into one of the largest contractors in the Pacific Northwest, reportedly building more than 600 homes, apartment buildings and commercial projects. A detached garage has been altered and is a non-contributing resource.
Later residents have included Barbara Rigney (c. 1932-1973), R. F. Stappler (1952)H. F. Atherton (1962). Michael Strigen has been the owner since at least 1980.
The district is listed in the NRHP under Criterion A as a cohesive example of early 20-century neighborhood development that retains its unique feeling of time and place. It is also listed under Criterion C for the range and integrity of the architectural styles exhibited in the district. The district is primarily residential, with a total of 443 buildings of which 68 percent are contributing (in addition to 128 contributing accessory structures). The residences include numerous intact examples of Craftsman, American Foursquare, Tudor Revival, Prairie, and Colonial Revival styles, as well as more modern houses. Physical description: This large one-and-a-half story shingle-clad Craftsman bungalow sits on a corner lot heavily planted with shrubs, flowers and trees. Its numerous gables all have s with deep eaves, knee brackets and bargeboards. The side-gable roof has a large gabled front dormer with a group of three windows; a similar gable is on the rear elevation. A projecting gabled porch extends across the north half of the façade; its roof is supported by two massive granite pillars. Windows throughout are primarily casements, many with leaded glass in a Craftsman-inspired pattern with wood sash with wide wood surrounds with ears; most are grouped in twos or threes. At the southeast corner is a large gabled bay pierced by a massive granite chimney. West of this is a second bay with a tripartite window with a fill-width leaded transom. A second granite chimney is near the center rear. At the rear is a small stoop and secondary entry. A detached single garage has a deck on the roof. Bibliography: Johnson, Larry, et al. Friends of Ravenna-Cowen, 2018 Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District Nomination Form. King County Assessors Data, 1937, 2018
Saturday, November 24, 2018 Page 6 of 6
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Residence Property ID: 717631
Location
Address: 6107 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA Geographic Areas: King Certified Local Government, Seattle Certified Local Government, King County, T25R04E08, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle
Information Number of stories: 1.50
Construction Dates: Construction Type Year Circa Built Date 1915
Historic Use: Category Subcategory Domestic Domestic - Single Family House Domestic Domestic - Single Family House
Historic Context: Category Architecture
Architect/Engineer: Category Name or Company
Saturday, November 24, 2018 Page 1 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Residence Property ID: 717631
Districts District Name Contributing Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District Thematics:
Local Registers and Districts Name Date Listed Notes Project History
Project Number, Organization, Resource Inventory SHPO Determination SHPO Determined By, Project Name Determined Date 2018-08-06596, WSDOT, Cowen 11/20/2018 Park Historic Bridge Project
Saturday, November 24, 2018 Page 2 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Residence Property ID: 717631
Photos
mcdonough 2.JPG
Saturday, November 24, 2018 Page 3 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Residence Property ID: 717631
Inventory Details - 11/20/2018 Common name: Residence Date recorded: 11/20/2018 Field Recorder: Mimi Sheridan Field Site number: 07 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Foundation Concrete - Poured Form Type Single Dwelling - Side Gable Roof Type Gable - Side Roof Material Asphalt/Composition Cladding Wood - Clapboard Structural System Wood - Balloon Frame Plan Rectangle
Styles: Period Style Details Late 19th and Early 20th Century Arts & Crafts American Movements
Surveyor Opinion
Property appears to meet criteria for the National Register of Historic Places: No Property is located in a potential historic district (National and/or local): Yes Property potentially contributes to a historic district (National and/or local): Yes
Saturday, November 24, 2018 Page 4 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Residence Property ID: 717631
Significance narrative: This residence is located in the Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District, but is a non- contributing resource because the shed dormer has been altered with an inset deck with a new door and solid clapboard-clad railing. The building has lost integrity of design, materials and feeling. The house was built c. 1915. The first known owners were Fred and Nellie Rhodes (1919); he was a bookkeeper for an advertising agency. Later owners included Victor Hummer (1962-66), Donald Burns (1971), and Robert and Linda Phillips (2000), It is currently owned by John Pauk and Karen McDonough.
The district is listed in the NRHP under Criterion A as a cohesive example of early 20- century neighborhood development that retains its unique feeling of time and place. It is also listed under Criterion C for the range and integrity of the architectural styles exhibited in the district. The district is primarily residential, with a total of 443 buildings of which 68 percent are contributing (in addition to 128 contributing accessory structures). The residences include numerous intact examples of Craftsman, American Foursquare, Tudor Revival, Prairie, and Colonial Revival styles, as well as more modern houses. Physical description: This one-and-a-half story clapboard-clad Craftsman bungalow is surrounded by trees and shrubs that obscure much of the building. It has a side gable roof with a full-width entry porch with three square wood columns and a clapboard balustrade. Above is a gabled dormer with an inset deck with a door and a solid balustrade. All gables have deep eaves, knee brackets and bargeboards. Windows are not clearly visible but appear to have wide wood surrounds and one-over-one wood sash. Bibliography: Johnson, Larry, et al. Friends of Ravenna-Cowen, Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District Nomination Form, 2018. King County Assessors Data, 1937, 2018.
Saturday, November 24, 2018 Page 5 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Corey Residence Property ID: 717632
Location
Address: 6203 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA Geographic Areas: King Certified Local Government, Seattle Certified Local Government, King County, T25R04E08, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle
Information Number of stories: 2.00
Construction Dates: Construction Type Year Circa Built Date 1923
Historic Use: Category Subcategory Domestic Domestic - Single Family House Domestic Domestic - Single Family House
Historic Context: Category Architecture
Architect/Engineer: Category Name or Company
Friday, November 23, 2018 Page 1 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Corey Residence Property ID: 717632
Districts District Name Contributing Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District Thematics:
Local Registers and Districts Name Date Listed Notes Project History
Project Number, Organization, Resource Inventory SHPO Determination SHPO Determined By, Project Name Determined Date 2018-08-06596, WSDOT, Cowen 11/20/2018 Park Historic Bridge Project
Friday, November 23, 2018 Page 2 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Corey Residence Property ID: 717632
Photos
S & E facades N façade & garage
entry
Friday, November 23, 2018 Page 3 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Corey Residence Property ID: 717632
Inventory Details - 11/20/2018 Common name: Tully-Christian Residence Date recorded: 11/20/2018 Field Recorder: Mimi Sheridan Field Site number: 08 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Foundation Concrete - Poured Form Type Single Dwelling Roof Type Gambrel - Side Roof Material Asphalt/Composition Cladding Wood - Clapboard Structural System Wood - Balloon Frame Plan Rectangle
Styles: Period Style Details Mid-Late 19th and Early 20th Dutch Colonial Revival Century Revivals
Surveyor Opinion
Property appears to meet criteria for the National Register of Historic Places: No Property is located in a potential historic district (National and/or local): Yes Property potentially contributes to a historic district (National and/or local): Yes
Friday, November 23, 2018 Page 4 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Corey Residence Property ID: 717632
Significance narrative: This residence is a contributing resource to the Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District. Built in 1923, it is an excellent example of the Dutch Colonial Revival style, which was very popular in Seattle at the time. The detached gambrel roof garage was replaced in 2005 and is a non-contributing resource. The first identified owner was Charles Johnson, who may have built the house in 1923. By 1926, it was owned by Clarence and Florence Corey; he was a professor of metallurgy at the University of Washington and a captain in the Officers Reserve Corps of the U. S. Army. Later owners included L Joe Miler (1971), Maurice and Christine Carpenter (1994) and Gregory and Verla Gresst (from 1994 until 2015. The current owners are Hannah Tully and Timothy Christian.
The district is listed in the NRHP under Criterion A as a cohesive example of early 20- century neighborhood development that retains its unique feeling of time and place. It is also listed under Criterion C for the range and integrity of the architectural styles exhibited in the district. The district is primarily residential, with a total of 443 buildings of which 68 percent are contributing (in addition to 128 contributing accessory structures). The residences include numerous intact examples of Craftsman, American Foursquare, Tudor Revival, Prairie, and Colonial Revival styles, as well as more modern houses. Physical description: This two-story Dutch Colonial Revival house is on a relatively flat corner lot landscaped with lawn, shrubs and small trees. It has a side gable gambrel roof and clapboard cladding. The facade is generally symmetrical with a projecting entry portico in the center. The gabled portico is supported by tapered square columns resting on brick plinths. The first floor extends to the north with a secondary entry and small roof deck with a plain balustrade and a six-light door. On the first floor, the entry is flanked by a pair of eight-over-one wood sash windows. The second floor has two eight-over-one wood sash windows and a smaller new window in the center. Windows on the side and rear elevations are similar. All windows have louvered wood shutters and most have storm windows. There are two brick chimneys--an exterior one on the south end and another near the center rear. Bibliography: Johnson, Larry, et al. Friends of Ravenna-Cowen, Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District Nomination Form, 2018. King County Assessors Data, 1937, 2018.
Friday, November 23, 2018 Page 5 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Residence Property ID: 717638
Location
Address: 1225 NE 61st St, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA Geographic Areas: King Certified Local Government, Seattle Certified Local Government, King County, T25R04E08, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle
Information Number of stories: 1.50
Construction Dates: Construction Type Year Circa Built Date 1909
Historic Use: Category Subcategory Domestic Domestic - Single Family House Domestic Domestic - Single Family House
Historic Context: Category Architecture
Architect/Engineer: Category Name or Company
Sunday, November 25, 2018 Page 1 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Residence Property ID: 717638
Districts District Name Contributing Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District Thematics:
Local Registers and Districts Name Date Listed Notes Project History
Project Number, Organization, Resource Inventory SHPO Determination SHPO Determined By, Project Name Determined Date 2018-08-06596, WSDOT, Cowen 11/25/2018 Park Historic Bridge Project
Sunday, November 25, 2018 Page 2 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Residence Property ID: 717638
Photos
North facade NW corner
NE corner
Sunday, November 25, 2018 Page 3 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Residence Property ID: 717638
Inventory Details - 11/25/2018 Common name: Loh Residence Date recorded: 11/25/2018 Field Recorder: Mimi Sheridan Field Site number: SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Foundation Concrete - Poured Form Type Single Dwelling - Cross Gable Roof Type Gable - Cross Roof Material Asphalt/Composition Cladding Wood - Clapboard Structural System Wood - Balloon Frame Plan Rectangle
Surveyor Opinion
Significance narrative: This residence is located in the Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District, but it is a non- contributing resource because it has been greatly altered by the removal of the original full-width entry porch and a second-story deck. The house was built as a cross-gable Craftsman style bungalow in 1909 but has lost much of this character. The first known owners (1909) were Miles and Elizabeth Foster; Miles was a cabinet maker. Later owners included Barbara Carleton (1948), Walter G. Scott (1962) and Emmet Killebrew and Donna Noborokawa (1979. It is currently owned by Wallace and Barbara Loh.
The district is listed in the NRHP under Criterion A as a cohesive example of early 20- century neighborhood development that retains its unique feeling of time and place. It is also listed under Criterion C for the range and integrity of the architectural styles exhibited in the district. The district is primarily residential, with a total of 443 buildings of which 68 percent are contributing (in addition to 128 contributing accessory structures). The residences include numerous intact examples of Craftsman, American Foursquare, Tudor Revival, Prairie, and Colonial Revival styles, as well as more modern houses. Physical description: The two-story house has clapboard cladding and a cross-gable roof with no eaves. A small entry stoop at the northwest corner has a wrought iron railing and metal awning. Each front corner has a pop-out bay with 24-over-1 wood windows. Other windows also have multilight wood sash. A basement garage is on the east side. There is a second-floor addition in the rear on the west side.
Sunday, November 25, 2018 Page 4 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Residence Property ID: 717638
Bibliography: Johnson, Larry, et al. Friends of Ravenna-Cowen, Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District Nomination Form, 2018. King County Assessors Data, 1937, 2018.
Sunday, November 25, 2018 Page 5 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Johnson, Carl & Freda, Residence Property ID: 717629
Location
Address: 1352 NE 62nd St, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA Geographic Areas: King Certified Local Government, Seattle Certified Local Government, King County, T25R04E08, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle
Information Number of stories: 1.50
Construction Dates: Construction Type Year Circa Built Date 1941
Historic Use: Category Subcategory Domestic Domestic - Single Family House Domestic Domestic - Single Family House
Historic Context: Category Architecture
Architect/Engineer: Category Name or Company
Friday, November 23, 2018 Page 1 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Johnson, Carl & Freda, Residence Property ID: 717629
Districts District Name Contributing Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District Thematics:
Local Registers and Districts Name Date Listed Notes Project History
Project Number, Organization, Resource Inventory SHPO Determination SHPO Determined By, Project Name Determined Date 2018-08-06596, WSDOT, Cowen 11/20/2018 Park Historic Bridge Project
Friday, November 23, 2018 Page 2 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Johnson, Carl & Freda, Residence Property ID: 717629
Photos
S facade garage
Friday, November 23, 2018 Page 3 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Johnson, Carl & Freda, Residence Property ID: 717629
Inventory Details - 11/20/2018 Common name: Residence Date recorded: 11/20/2018 Field Recorder: Mimi Sheridan Field Site number: 10 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Foundation Concrete - Poured Form Type Single Dwelling - Cross Gable Roof Type Gable - Cross Roof Material Asphalt/Composition Cladding Wood - Clapboard Structural System Wood - Balloon Frame Plan L-Shape
Styles: Period Style Details Modern Movement Minimal Traditional
Surveyor Opinion
Property appears to meet criteria for the National Register of Historic Places: No Property is located in a potential historic district (National and/or local): Yes Property potentially contributes to a historic district (National and/or local): Yes
Friday, November 23, 2018 Page 4 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Johnson, Carl & Freda, Residence Property ID: 717629
Significance narrative: This residence is an historic contributing resource in the Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District. The Minimal Traditional house is one of the newer ones in the district, built in 1941. It has been slightly altered with extended eaves and a small window added to the front gable end. The first known owners were Carl and Freda Johnson (1949-1971); he was a real estate salesman. Later owners were Valerie Ryan (1996), William Rodman and Robert Caroll (1996-2003) and Paul and Nancy Weisner (2003 to 2012). The current owner is Susan Brinkerhoff.
The district is listed in the NRHP under Criterion A as a cohesive example of early 20- century neighborhood development that retains its unique feeling of time and place. It is also listed under Criterion C for the range and integrity of the architectural styles exhibited in the district. The district is primarily residential, with a total of 443 buildings of which 68 percent are contributing (in addition to 128 contributing accessory structures). The residences include numerous intact examples of Craftsman, American Foursquare, Tudor Revival, Prairie, and Colonial Revival styles, as well as more modern houses. Physical description: This one-and-a -half story clapboard-clad Minimal Traditional house sits above the street with a rockery and concrete stairs. The house has a cross gable form and an L-shaped plan. The simple entry in the front wing has a recessed door; a large multilight window is to the west. The detached garage at the rear has been altered and is a non- contributing resource. Bibliography: Johnson, Larry, et al. Friends of Ravenna-Cowen 2018 National Register Nomination Form, Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District. King County Assessors Data, 1937, 201.8
Friday, November 23, 2018 Page 5 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Tennant Residence Property ID: 86872
Location
Address: 1500 NE 62nd St, Seattle, WA Geographic Areas: King County, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle, King Certified Local Government, Seattle Certified Local Government, King County, T25R04E08, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle
Information Number of stories: 1.50
Construction Dates: Construction Type Year Circa Built Date 1911
Historic Use: Category Subcategory Domestic Domestic - Single Family House Domestic Domestic - Single Family House
Historic Context: Category Architecture
Architect/Engineer: Category Name or Company
Friday, November 23, 2018 Page 1 of 7
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Tennant Residence Property ID: 86872
Districts District Name Contributing Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District Thematics:
Local Registers and Districts Name Date Listed Notes Project History
Project Number, Organization, Resource Inventory SHPO Determination SHPO Determined By, Project Name Determined Date 060202-51-KI, , 1500 NORTHEAST 6/2/2002 Determined Not Eligible , 8/1/2008 62ND STREET, SEATTLE 2011-07-00112, , Assessors Data 7/4/2011 Not Determined Project: King County B 2018-08-06596, WSDOT, Cowen 11/20/2018 Park Historic Bridge Project
Friday, November 23, 2018 Page 2 of 7
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Tennant Residence Property ID: 86872
Photos
S & E facades W facade
Rear (N) facade
Friday, November 23, 2018 Page 3 of 7
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Tennant Residence Property ID: 86872
Inventory Details - 6/2/2002 Common name: Date recorded: 6/2/2002 Field Recorder: Field Site number: SHPO Determination 060202-51-KI MH
Friday, November 23, 2018 Page 4 of 7
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Tennant Residence Property ID: 86872
Inventory Details - 7/4/2011 Common name: Date recorded: 7/4/2011 Field Recorder: Artifacts Consulting, Inc. Field Site number: SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Form Type Single Dwelling
Surveyor Opinion
Significance narrative: Data included on this historic property inventory form (HPI) detail stemmed from County Assessor building records imported by the Washington State Department of Archaeology of Historic Preservation (DAHP) into WISAARD in 2011. This upload reduces data entry burden on community volunteers and historical societies participating in the survey and inventory of their communities. The intent of this project is directed specifically to facilitating community and public involvement in stewardship, increasing data accuracy, and providing a versatile planning tool to Certified Local Governments (CLGs).
Project methodology entailed use of the University of Washington's State Parcel Database (http://depts.washington.edu/wagis/projects/parcels/development.php) to provide the base parcel layer for CLGs. Filtering of building data collected from each county trimmed out all properties built after 1969, as well as all current, previously inventoried properties. Translation of building data descriptors to match fields in HPI allowed the data upload. Calculation of point locations utilized the center of each parcel. Data on this detail provides a snapshot of building information as of 2011. A detailed project methodology description resides with DAHP. Project team members: Historic Preservation Northwest, GeoEngineers, and Artifacts Consulting, Inc. (project lead). Physical description: The house at 1500 NE 62nd Street, Seattle, is located in King County. According to the county assessor, the structure was built in 1911 and is a single-family dwelling. The form of the building is single-family.
Friday, November 23, 2018 Page 5 of 7
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Tennant Residence Property ID: 86872
Inventory Details - 11/20/2018 Common name: Kimbrough Residence Date recorded: 11/20/2018 Field Recorder: Mimi Sheridan Field Site number: 11 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Foundation Concrete - Poured Form Type Single Dwelling - Bungalow Roof Type Gable - Side Roof Material Asphalt/Composition Cladding Wood - Clapboard Structural System Wood - Balloon Frame Plan Rectangle
Styles: Period Style Details Late 19th and Early 20th Century Arts & Crafts American Movements
Surveyor Opinion
Property appears to meet criteria for the National Register of Historic Places: No Property is located in a potential historic district (National and/or local): Yes Property potentially contributes to a historic district (National and/or local): No
Friday, November 23, 2018 Page 6 of 7
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Tennant Residence Property ID: 86872
Significance narrative: This residence is located in the Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District. It is a non- contributing resource because the original small shed dormer has been replaced by a full-width shed dormer, altering the character of the house. The house was built c. 1911. The first known owners were Elmer and Ella Tennant (1919); he was state examiner and served as a captain in the Spanish-American War. Later owners were Harold E. Tennant (1938), David Hoss (1962), Roger Neidinger (1992), and John and Kara Beall (1992- 1994). The current owners are Jamie and Andrew Kimbrough.
The district is listed in the NRHP under Criterion A as a cohesive example of early 20- century neighborhood development that retains its unique feeling of time and place. It is also listed under Criterion C for the range and integrity of the architectural styles exhibited in the district. The district is primarily residential, with a total of 443 buildings of which 68 percent are contributing (in addition to 128 contributing accessory structures). The residences include numerous intact examples of Craftsman, American Foursquare, Tudor Revival, Prairie, and Colonial Revival styles, as well as more modern houses. Physical description: This one-and-a-half story Craftsman bungalow is on a corner lot above a rockery. It has horizontal wood cladding and a side-gable roof with a full-width recessed porch and full- width shed dormers on the front and rear. The porch has four tapered columns resting on square pillars. The porch and the wide central stairs (remodeled) have plain balustrades. Windows are mostly six-over-one or twelve-over-one sash. The east elevation has a large square bay the first floor. At the rear is a secondary entry with a small wood stoop. Bibliography: Johnson, Larry, et al. Friends of Ravenna-Cowen 2018 National Register Nomination Form, Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District. King County Assessors Data, 1937, 2018.
Friday, November 23, 2018 Page 7 of 7
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Residence Property ID: 717630
Location
Address: 1504 NE 62nd St, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA Geographic Areas: King Certified Local Government, Seattle Certified Local Government, King County, T25R04E09, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle
Information Number of stories: 1.50
Construction Dates: Construction Type Year Circa Built Date 1908 Remodel 1996
Historic Use: Category Subcategory Domestic Domestic - Multiple Family House Domestic Domestic - Multiple Family House
Historic Context: Category Architecture
Architect/Engineer: Category Name or Company
Sunday, November 25, 2018 Page 1 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Residence Property ID: 717630
Districts District Name Contributing Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District Thematics:
Local Registers and Districts Name Date Listed Notes Project History
Project Number, Organization, Resource Inventory SHPO Determination SHPO Determined By, Project Name Determined Date 2018-08-06596, WSDOT, Cowen 11/20/2018 Park Historic Bridge Project
Sunday, November 25, 2018 Page 2 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Residence Property ID: 717630
Photos
baranco 1.JPG baranco 2.JPG
Sunday, November 25, 2018 Page 3 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Residence Property ID: 717630
Inventory Details - 11/20/2018 Common name: Residence Date recorded: 11/20/2018 Field Recorder: Mimi Sheridan Field Site number: 12 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Foundation Concrete - Poured Form Type Single Dwelling - Bungalow Roof Type Gable - Side Roof Material Asphalt/Composition Cladding Wood - Clapboard Structural System Wood - Balloon Frame Plan Rectangle
Styles: Period Style Details Late 19th and Early 20th Century Arts & Crafts American Movements
Surveyor Opinion
Property appears to meet criteria for the National Register of Historic Places: No Property is located in a potential historic district (National and/or local): Yes Property potentially contributes to a historic district (National and/or local): Yes
Sunday, November 25, 2018 Page 4 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Residence Property ID: 717630
Significance narrative: This residence is located in the Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District, but it is a non- contributing resource because the original small shed dormer has been replaced by a larger inset gabled dormer with an inset porch, altering the character of the house. The house was built c. 1908. The first known owners were Edgar and Mabel Corning (1911); he was a carpenter. Later owners included Herman Oswald (1948), J. F. McKinnell (1960), Stephen Aier (1972) and Thomas and Casey Hastings (1992 to 2015). It was converted into a duplex (perhaps in the 1940s) and is currently owned by Barranco LLC.
The district is listed in the NRHP under Criterion A as a cohesive example of early 20- century neighborhood development that retains its unique feeling of time and place. It is also listed under Criterion C for the range and integrity of the architectural styles exhibited in the district. The district is primarily residential, with a total of 443 buildings of which 68 percent are contributing (in addition to 128 contributing accessory structures). The residences include numerous intact examples of Craftsman, American Foursquare, Tudor Revival, Prairie, and Colonial Revival styles, as well as more modern houses. Physical description: This one-and-a-half story Craftsman bungalow sits above the street with a rockery and trees that obscure much of the façade. It has a side-gable roof with a full width recessed porch. The porch has three pairs of square wood columns and a plain balustrade. A large gabled dormer is centered on the roof, with a deck with a plain balustrade set into the roof. The rear of the house, obscured by a detached carport, has small rear entry porch and newer windows. Bibliography: Johnson, Larry, et al. Friends of Ravenna-Cowen National Register Nomination Form, Ravenna-Cowen North Historic District, 2018. King County Assessors Data, 1937, 2018.
Sunday, November 25, 2018 Page 5 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Park Vista Apartments Property ID: 47593
Location
Address: 5810 Cowen NE Seattle, WA 98105 Tax No/Parcel No: 1797501310 Plat/Block/Lot: Cowen's University Park Geographic Areas: King County, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle, King Certified Local Government, Seattle Certified Local Government, King County, T25R04E08, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle
Information Number of stories: N/A
Construction Dates: Construction Type Year Circa Built Date 1928
Historic Use: Category Subcategory Domestic Domestic - Multiple Family House Domestic Domestic - Multiple Family House
Historic Context: Category Architecture
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 1 of 11
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Park Vista Apartments Property ID: 47593
Architect/Engineer: Category Name or Company Builder Hainsworth, A.S. Architect Creutzer, John A.
Thematics:
Local Registers and Districts Name Date Listed Notes Project History
Project Number, Organization, Resource Inventory SHPO Determination SHPO Determined By, Project Name Determined Date 2008-09-00056, , Seattle 3/26/2006 Determined Eligible , 7/23/2008 Apartments 2005-10-00191, , University 1/18/2002 Not Determined 2011-07-00111, , Assessors Data 7/3/2011 Not Determined Project: King County E 2018-08-06596, WSDOT, Cowen 11/20/2018 Park Historic Bridge Project
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 2 of 11
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Park Vista Apartments Property ID: 47593
Photos
PV 1.JPG PV 2.JPG
pv 3.JPG pv 4.JPG
pv 5.JPG pv 6.JPG
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 3 of 11
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Park Vista Apartments Property ID: 47593
east elevation west, north & entry
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 4 of 11
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Park Vista Apartments Property ID: 47593
Inventory Details - 1/18/2002 Common name: Date recorded: 1/18/2002 Field Recorder: Sarah E. Sodt/Raj Joshi Field Site number: 369 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Plan Irregular Structural System Masonry - Brick Foundation Concrete - Poured Cladding Brick Roof Type Flat with Eaves Cladding Terra Cotta
Styles: Period Style Details Other Other
Surveyor Opinion
Property appears to meet criteria for the National Register of Historic Places: Yes Property is located in a potential historic district (National and/or local): Yes Significance narrative: Owner and builder A. S. Hainsworth constructed the Park Vista Apartments in 1928. The construction cost was approximately $350,000. The Collegiate Gothic building contains 53 one to five room apartments. Loudspeakers were built in so that tenants could access a master radio installed within the building. The apartments also contained Dictaphone house phones, electric ranges and refrigerators, and roll out beds. This building is significant as a substantial brick-faced apartment building with an L-shaped plan that takes advantage of its attractive location across from Cowen Park.
Architect John A. Creutzer arrived in Seattle in 1906 after practicing in Minneapolis and Spokane. He worked for contractor Alexander Pearson and architect-contractor Henderson Ryan. Creutzer designed the Swedish Tabernacle and the Medical and Dental Building (with A. H. Albertson) and died in 1929.
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 5 of 11
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Park Vista Apartments Property ID: 47593
Physical description: The Park Vista apartment building is a large four-story Collegiate Gothic brick structure. The L-shaped apartment building is located on a triangular parcel across from Cowen Park. The central main entrance is located on the hypotenuse of the triangular lot. Above the main entrance are three stories of narrow rows of windows. On the terminating ends of the L-shape are three-story bay windows with terra cotta detailing. All other windows are the single double-hung variety. The windows have been replaced with newer double-hung metal framed windows. Bibliography: City of Seattle DCLU Microfilm Records.
King County Property Record Card (c. 1938-1972), Washington State Archives.
Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl, ed. Shaping Seattle Architecture, A Historical Guide to the Architects. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994.
Nielsen, Roy. UniverCity: The Story of The University District in Seattle. Seattle: University Lions Foundation, 1986.
"Park Vista Apts. To be Ready by Middle of Month." University District Herald, September 24, 1928.
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 6 of 11
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Park Vista Apartments Property ID: 47593
Inventory Details - 3/26/2006 Common name: Park Vista Apartments Date recorded: 3/26/2006 Field Recorder: Mimi Sheridan Field Site number: SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Roof Type Flat with Parapet Foundation Concrete - Poured Cladding Brick Form Type Multiple Dwelling Plan L-Shape Structural System Masonry - Brick Cladding Terra Cotta
Styles: Period Style Details Mid-Late 19th and Early 20th Collegiate Gothic Century Revivals
Surveyor Opinion
Property appears to meet criteria for the National Register of Historic Places: Yes Property is located in a potential historic district (National and/or local): No
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 7 of 11
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Park Vista Apartments Property ID: 47593
Significance narrative: This is one of the University District's largest and most significant apartment buildings. Seattle experienced a major construction boom during the 1920s. The city's population had increased dramatically in previous decades, and prosperity encouraged developers to meet the pent-up demand for housing. Apartments, ranging from basic housing to luxury units, were a significant factor in meeting this need, and became a major element of the streetscape in many Seattle neighborhoods. This was especially true in the University District, where apartment living had been a way of life for both students and faculty from the beginning. This is one of at least 20 apartment buildings built in this vicinity during the decade. It is a fine example of the design attention paid to many of these buildings, where detailing and materials were used to reduce the impact of larger structures.
Owner and builder A. S. Hainsworth constructed the Park Vista in 1928, for the substantial cost of approximately $350,000. The Collegiate Gothic building has 53 apartments, ranging from one to five rooms. Original features included loudspeakers allowing tenants to access a master radio installed within the building, Dictaphone house phones, electric ranges and refrigerators, and roll-out beds. The substantial and ornate building is particularly notable for its large gardens and the manner in which it takes advantage of its full-block site facing Cowen Park.
Architect John Creutzer arrived in Seattle in 1906 after practicing in Minneapolis and Spokane. He worked for contractor Alexander Pearson and architect-contractor Henderson Ryan. Creutzer designed the Swedish Tabernacle (1906) and the Medical-Dental Building (1927, with A. H. Albertson). He died in 1924. Physical description: The Park Vista is a large four-story building clad with red brick with extensive terra cotta ornamentation in Gothic motifs. The L-shaped building is located on a triangular parcel facing Cowen Park, and its gardens open up toward the park. The main entry bay is at the intersection of the wings of the ell; all four floors here are clad with terra cotta. The door and surround are of golden oak, with leaded glass and art glass in the door, transom and sidelights.
The narrow ends of the ell have semi-circular hanging bays in terra cotta. Belt courses below the parapet and below the first-floor windows are of terra cotta, as are window sills and lintels. The building is intact except that windows have been replaced with newer dark aluminum sash. Bibliography: City of Seattle Department of Planning and Development Microfilm Records. King County Property Record Card (c. 1938-1972), Washington State Archives. Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl, ed. Shaping Seattle Architecture, A Historical Guide to the Architects. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994. Nelson, Roy. UniverCity: The Story of the University District in Seattle. Seattle: University Lions Foundation, 1986. Tobin, Carol and Sarah Sodt, University District Survey, Seattle Department of Neighborhoods, 2002. "Park Vista Apartments to be Ready by Middle of Month," University District Herald, September 24, 1928.
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 8 of 11
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Park Vista Apartments Property ID: 47593
Inventory Details - 7/3/2011 Common name: Date recorded: 7/3/2011 Field Recorder: Artifacts Consulting, Inc. Field Site number: 369 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Form Type Multiple Dwelling - Multi-Story Apartment Block
Surveyor Opinion
Significance narrative: Data included on this historic property inventory form (HPI) detail stemmed from County Assessor building records imported by the Washington State Department of Archaeology of Historic Preservation (DAHP) into WISAARD in 2011. This upload reduces data entry burden on community volunteers and historical societies participating in the survey and inventory of their communities. The intent of this project is directed specifically to facilitating community and public involvement in stewardship, increasing data accuracy, and providing a versatile planning tool to Certified Local Governments (CLGs).
Project methodology entailed use of the University of Washington's State Parcel Database (http://depts.washington.edu/wagis/projects/parcels/development.php) to provide the base parcel layer for CLGs. Filtering of building data collected from each county trimmed out all properties built after 1969, as well as all current, previously inventoried properties. Translation of building data descriptors to match fields in HPI allowed the data upload. Calculation of point locations utilized the center of each parcel. Data on this detail provides a snapshot of building information as of 2011. A detailed project methodology description resides with DAHP. Project team members: Historic Preservation Northwest, GeoEngineers, and Artifacts Consulting, Inc. (project lead). Physical description: The building at 5810 Cowen Place NE, Seattle, is located in King County. According to the county assessor, the structure was built in 1928 and is a multiple family house. Also according to the county assessor, the structure was remodeled in 1993. The 5-story building has a multi-story apartment block form.
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 9 of 11
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Park Vista Apartments Property ID: 47593
Inventory Details - 11/20/2018 Common name: Park Vista Co-op Date recorded: 11/20/2018 Field Recorder: Mimi Sheridan Field Site number: 13 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Foundation Concrete - Poured Form Type Multiple Dwelling - Multi-Story Apartment Block Roof Material Asphalt/Composition - Built Up Roof Type Flat with Parapet Cladding Brick Structural System Wood - Balloon Frame Plan L-Shape
Styles: Period Style Details Mid-Late 19th and Early 20th Collegiate Gothic Century Revivals
Surveyor Opinion
Property appears to meet criteria for the National Register of Historic Places: Yes Property is located in a potential historic district (National and/or local): No Property potentially contributes to a historic district (National and/or local): No
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 10 of 11
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Park Vista Apartments Property ID: 47593
Significance narrative: The Park Vista Apartments was determined eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criterion C as a very good example of a 1920s apartment building that meets the registration requirements described in the NRHP Multiple Property Documentation Form for Seattle Apartment Buildings, 1900-1957. It is distinctive for its large size, terra cotta ornamentation, unusual plan and siting and extensive landscaping. The replacement of window sash with metal sash is generally compatible and does not significantly reduce the building’s integrity of design or feeling.
Owner and builder A.S. Hainsworth constructed the Park Vista Apartments in 1928 at a cost of $350,000. The Collegiate Gothic building contains 53 one to five room apartments. It featured modern conveniences such as built-in speakers so that tenants could access a master radio installed within the building, Dictaphone house phones, electric ranges and refrigerators, and roll-out beds.
Architect John Creutzer arrived in Seattle in 1906 after practicing in Minneapolis and Spokane. He worked for contractor Alexander Pearson and architect-contractor Henderson Ryan. Creutzer designed the Swedish Tabernacle (1906) and the Medical-Dental Building (1927, with A. H. Albertson). He died in 1924. Physical description: The Park Vista Apartments is a large four-story Collegiate Gothic brick structure clad with red brick with extensive terra cotta ornamentation. The L-shaped building is sited on a triangular parcel across from Cowen Park with extensive landscaping with trees, shrubs and flowers. The ornate main entrance is at the angle of the ell, with a door and surround of golden oak, with leaded glass and art glass in the door, transom and sidelights. Above are three stories of narrow windows set in terra cotta. The narrow ends of the ell have semi-circular hanging bays in terra cotta. On each facade, belt courses below the parapet and below the first-floor windows are of terra cotta, as are window sills and lintels. The building is intact except that windows have one-over-one dark aluminum metal sash. Bibliography: Ochsner, Jeffrey Karl, ed. Shaping Seattle Architecture, A Historical Guide to the Architects. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994.
Nielsen, Roy. UniverCity: The Story of The University District in Seattle. Seattle: University Lions Foundation, 1986.
"Park Vista Apts. To be Ready by Middle of Month." University District Herald, September 24, 1928.
Monday, November 26, 2018 Page 11 of 11
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Heather Arms Apartments Property ID: 717633
Location
Address: 5804 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA Geographic Areas: King Certified Local Government, Seattle Certified Local Government, King County, T25R04E08, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle
Information Number of stories: 3.00
Construction Dates: Construction Type Year Circa Built Date 1910 Remodel 1926
Historic Use: Category Subcategory Domestic Domestic - Single Family House Domestic Domestic - Single Family House
Historic Context: Category Architecture
Architect/Engineer: Category Name or Company Architect Bressman & Dupree
Tuesday, November 27, 2018 Page 1 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Heather Arms Apartments Property ID: 717633
Thematics:
Local Registers and Districts Name Date Listed Notes Project History
Project Number, Organization, Resource Inventory SHPO Determination SHPO Determined By, Project Name Determined Date 2018-08-06596, WSDOT, Cowen 11/21/2018 Park Historic Bridge Project
Tuesday, November 27, 2018 Page 2 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Heather Arms Apartments Property ID: 717633
Photos
hether 1-1.JPG heth 1_9.JPG
Tuesday, November 27, 2018 Page 3 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Heather Arms Apartments Property ID: 717633
Inventory Details - 11/21/2018 Common name: Heatherfield Apartments #1 Date recorded: 11/21/2018 Field Recorder: Mimi Sheridan Field Site number: 14 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Foundation Concrete - Poured Form Type Multiple Dwelling - Multi-Story Apartment Block Cladding Brick - Common Bond Cladding Brick - Clinker Plan Rectangle Structural System Wood - Balloon Frame Roof Type Gable Roof Type Hip Roof Material Asphalt/Composition
Styles: Period Style Details Mid-Late 19th and Early 20th Tudor Century Revivals
Surveyor Opinion
Property appears to meet criteria for the National Register of Historic Places: No Property is located in a potential historic district (National and/or local): No Property potentially contributes to a historic district (National and/or local): No
Tuesday, November 27, 2018 Page 4 of 5
Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Heather Arms Apartments Property ID: 717633
Significance narrative: The Heather Arms Apartments has been significantly altered through the replacement of all window sash, an important character-defining feature, with incompatible metal sash. The entry porch also appears to have been altered with the addition of a wrought iron railing to form a deck on the porch. The building has lost integrity of design, materials and feeling and is not eligible for listing in the NRHP.
City of Seattle records indicate that the Heather Arms Apartments (now known as the Heatherfield Apartments #1) and the adjoining building (originally the Ravenna Parkside Apartments and now the Heatherfield Apartments #2) were built in 1910 as single-family residences. The original owner was Nemias B. Beck, a real estate developer and insurance agent who also built, and lived in, two large houses to the east of these buildings on 16th Avenue NE. The architects may have been Bressman and Dupree, designers of the virtually identical adjacent building. Little is known of them, as no other works by the firm have been identified. Beck was most likely related to William W. Beck, who, with his wife, Louise, had purchased 400 acres in the area in 1889 and, over the next decades, developed the Town of Ravenna (annexed by Seattle in 1907) and Ravenna Park (purchased by the City in 1911). The residence was converted to nine apartments in 1926, a period of significant growth in both single-family and multifamily construction. Physical description: This two-and-half story red brick-clad building sits slightly above the street with a concrete pathway and stairs to the entry porch on the north end. Landscaping includes a lawn, shrubs and several small trees; on the south and east (rear) vegetation obscures some of the building. The principal west façade is symmetrical, with a hipped roof almost obscured by two prominent bays with Flemish-style shaped gables with metal coping. Prominent brackets support the eaves between the bays and a tall brick chimney rises from the center of the roof. All of the original multilight wood window sash have been replaced with newer metal sash in various configurations (sliding, awning, single- hung and fixed). The first floor has two large bay windows, each with a shallow hipped roof with brackets and fixed and sliding metal sash. On the second story, each side has two pairs of metal casement and fixed windows. In the center of the façade, each floor has two single casement windows. The top floor has three windows in each bay, a larger one flanked by two smaller ones, all with newer metal sash with pointed arch transoms that generally reflect the shape of the shaped gables.
The entry, with a newer door, is on a projecting brick porch at the center of the north façade. The porch has a pointed arch on each side and a flat roof with a wrought iron railing and a newer door providing access. Both side elevations are generally similar to the principal façade with a single shaped gable and metal sash flanking the center bay. The third-floor windows have pointed arch transoms. The rear elevation is complex, with a pair of two-story square bays providing glassed-in porches at the second story. Another glassed-in room is on the first story between the two bays and a secondary entry and stairway is at the southwest. Bibliography: City of Seattle DCLU Microfilm Records. King County Property Record Card (c. 1938-1972), Washington State Archives. Polk's Seattle Directories, 1890-1996. Meisner, Jennifer, and Katheryn H. Krafft, Historic Resource Survey Update 2014-15, University Park Neighborhood
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Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Ravenna Parkside Apartments Property ID: 335955
Location
Address: 5808 15TH AVE NE, SEATTLE, WA Tax No/Parcel No: 0641000020 Plat/Block/Lot: BECKS UNIVERSITY PARK UNREC BEG 250.9 FT N & 150 F Geographic Areas: King County, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle, King Certified Local Government, Seattle Certified Local Government, King County, T25R04E09, SEATTLE NORTH Quadrangle
Information Number of stories: 3.00
Construction Dates: Construction Type Year Circa Remodel 1926 Built Date 1910
Historic Use: Category Subcategory Domestic Domestic - Single Family House Domestic Domestic - Single Family House
Historic Context: Category Architecture
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Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Ravenna Parkside Apartments Property ID: 335955
Architect/Engineer: Category Name or Company Architect Bressman & Dupree
Thematics:
Local Registers and Districts Name Date Listed Notes Project History
Project Number, Organization, Resource Inventory SHPO Determination SHPO Determined By, Project Name Determined Date 2011-07-00111, , Assessors Data 7/1/2011 Not Determined Project: King County E 2018-08-06596, WSDOT, Cowen 11/23/2018 Park Historic Bridge Project
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Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Ravenna Parkside Apartments Property ID: 335955
Photos
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Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Ravenna Parkside Apartments Property ID: 335955
Inventory Details - 7/1/2011 Common name: Date recorded: 7/1/2011 Field Recorder: Artifacts Consulting, Inc. Field Site number: 0641000020 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Form Type Multiple Dwelling - Multi-Story Apartment Block Structural System Wood - Platform Frame
Surveyor Opinion
Significance narrative: Data included on this historic property inventory form (HPI) detail stemmed from County Assessor building records imported by the Washington State Department of Archaeology of Historic Preservation (DAHP) into WISAARD in 2011. This upload reduces data entry burden on community volunteers and historical societies participating in the survey and inventory of their communities. The intent of this project is directed specifically to facilitating community and public involvement in stewardship, increasing data accuracy, and providing a versatile planning tool to Certified Local Governments (CLGs).
Project methodology entailed use of the University of Washington's State Parcel Database (http://depts.washington.edu/wagis/projects/parcels/development.php) to provide the base parcel layer for CLGs. Filtering of building data collected from each county trimmed out all properties built after 1969, as well as all current, previously inventoried properties. Translation of building data descriptors to match fields in HPI allowed the data upload. Calculation of point locations utilized the center of each parcel. Data on this detail provides a snapshot of building information as of 2011. A detailed project methodology description resides with DAHP. Project team members: Historic Preservation Northwest, GeoEngineers, and Artifacts Consulting, Inc. (project lead). Physical description: The building at 5808 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, is located in King County. According to the county assessor, the structure was built in 1910 and is a multiple family house. Also according to the county assessor, the structure was remodeled in 1986. The 3-story building has a multi-story apartment block form.
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Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Ravenna Parkside Apartments Property ID: 335955
Inventory Details - 11/23/2018 Common name: Heatherfield Apartments #2 Date recorded: 11/23/2018 Field Recorder: Mimi Sheridan Field Site number: 15 SHPO Determination Detail Information
Characteristics: Category Item Foundation Concrete - Poured Form Type Multiple Dwelling - Multi-Story Apartment Block Roof Type Hip Roof Type Gable Plan Rectangle Structural System Wood - Balloon Frame Cladding Brick Cladding Brick - Clinker Roof Material Asphalt/Composition - Shingle
Styles: Period Style Details Mid-Late 19th and Early 20th Tudor Century Revivals
Surveyor Opinion
Property appears to meet criteria for the National Register of Historic Places: Yes Property is located in a potential historic district (National and/or local): No Property potentially contributes to a historic district (National and/or local): No
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Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Ravenna Parkside Apartments Property ID: 335955
Significance narrative: The Ravenna Parkside Apartments was altered in 1926 when it was converted from a single-family residence to an apartment building. The original appearance of the residence is not known. However, the conversion occurred more than 50 years ago and the building has since attained significance as an apartment building. Its relatively unusual Flemish-based design and its notable multilight window sash contribute to its significance. It appears to retain integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, and feeling. It is eligible for listing in the NRHP under Criterion A for its association with the growth of multifamily buildings, a major development pattern in 1920s Seattle and under Criterion C as a good example of a 1920s apartment building. The character-defining features are the Flemish-style shaped parapets and the multilight wood sash windows.
City of Seattle records indicate that the Ravenna Parkside Apartments (now known as the Heatherfield Apartments #2) and the adjoining building (originally the Heather Arms Apartments and now the Heatherfield Apartments #1) were built in 1910 as single-family residences. The original owner was Nemias B. Beck, a real estate developer and insurance agent who also built, and lived in, two large houses to the east of these buildings on 16th Avenue NE. The architects were Bressman and Dupree, of whom little is known; no other works by the firm have been identified. Beck was most likely related to William W. Beck, who, with his wife, Louise, had purchased 400 acres in the area in 1889 and, over the next decades, developed the Town of Ravenna (annexed by Seattle in 1907) and Ravenna Park (purchased by the City in 1911). The residence was converted to nine apartments in 1926, a period of significant growth in both single-family and multifamily construction (Meisner and Krafft ). Physical description: This two-and-half story red brick-clad building sits close to the street with a small lawn in front and stairs at the south end leading to the entry porch. Landscaping includes a lawn, shrubs and flowers. The principal west facade is symmetrical, with a hipped roof almost obscured by two prominent gable bays with Flemish-style shaped parapets with metal coping. Prominent brackets support the eaves between the bays and a tall brick chimney rises from the center of the roof. The windows throughout are original multilight wood sash in various configurations. The first floor has two large bay windows, each with a shallow hipped roof with brackets and five casement windows with a multilight transom extending the width of the bay. On the second story, each side has two pairs of similar casement windows. In the center of the façade, each floor has two single 15-light casement windows. The top floor has three windows in each bay, a larger one flanked by two smaller ones, all with multilight pointed arch transoms that generally reflect the shape of the shaped gables.
The entry is on a projecting brick porch at the center of the south façade. The wood door is flanked by multilight sidelights. The porch has a pointed arch opening on each side and a gabled roof with a shaped parapet. Both side elevations are generally similar to the principal façade with a single shaped parapet and multilight sash flanking the center bay. The third-floor windows have pointed arch transoms. The rear elevation is complex, with a pair of two-story square bays providing glassed-in porches at the second story. Another glassed-in room is on the first story between the two bays. A detached two-car garage with a flat roof is at the north end of the building; the date of construction is not known.
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Historic Property Report
Resource Name: Ravenna Parkside Apartments Property ID: 335955
Bibliography: City of Seattle DCLU Microfilm Records. King County Property Record Card (c. 1938-1972), Washington State Archives. Polk's Seattle Directories, 1890-1996. Meisner, Jennifer, and Katheryn H. Krafft, Historic Resource Survey Update 2014-15, University Park Neighborhood.
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