A to Z of Fruit and Vegetables
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A TO Z OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLES Supported by INTRODUCTION Fruit and vegies add flavour, colour, texture and As a food group, fruit and vegies are rich in variety to meals and snacks. The Australian important nutrients such as antioxidants Guide to Healthy Eating shows the variety of (vitamins A, E, C, and carotenoids such as foods to eat each day. beta-carotene), phytochemicals, folate, dietary fibre and potassium. They are also low in fat There are compelling reasons to eat more fruit and kilojoules. and vegies. Health authorities agree that eating more fruit and vegies may be the single most For good health, adults and teenagers should eat important dietary change needed to improve at least two serves of fruit and five serves of health and reduce the risk of disease. A diet vegies each day. Variety is important. Include high in fruit and vegies can help prevent heart some raw, some dark green, yellow and orange, disease, some cancers, overweight, obesity and some cruciferous vegies (broccoli, Brussels and constipation. It can also reduce blood sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, kohlrabi, pressure and cholesterol levels and improve swede and turnips) each day. Children should control of diabetes. also eat a variety of fruit and vegies, the amount depends on their appetite and age. What is a serve? Vegies Enjoy a variety of foods every day Vegetables, legumes ½ cup cooked 1 medium 1 cup salad vegetable or potato vegetables Fruit cooked legume One serve of vegies is 75g or about one medium potato, or half a cup of cooked vegetables, or one cup of salad vegetables, or half a cup cooked legumes (dried beans, peas or lentils). Fruit Milk, Bread, yogurt, cereals, cheese rice, pasta, noodles Lean meat, fish, poultry, eggs, nuts, legumes Drink plenty of water small 1 medium piece 2 small pieces 1 cup chopped C r in amo ho es o un ose th ometim ts (e.g. apple) (e.g. apricots) or canned fruit ese s One serve of fruit is 150g or about one medium piece (e.g. apple), or two small pieces (e.g. The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating apricot), or one cup of chopped or canned fruit or 1 ½ tablespoons dried fruit. A - Z of Fruit and Vegies from Healthy Food Fast© State of Western Australia 2008, reproduced with permission. Seasonal Fruit and Vegetables Grown in Western Australia SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER FRUIT SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER VEGETABLES Apple Asparagus Apricot Bean - Broad Avocado Bean - Runner Banana Bean - Stringless Blackberry Beetroot Blueberry Broccoli Boysenberry Brussels Sprouts Cherry Fig Cabbage Grape Capsicum Grapefruit - Pink Carrot Grapefruit - White Cauliflower Honeydew Melon Celery Kiwifruit Chilli Lemon Chinese Veg Lime Cucumber Mandarin Eggplant Mango English Spinach Nashi Garlic Nectarine Globe Artichoke Orange Passionfruit Herbs Paw Paw Leek Peach Lettuce Pear Mushroom Persimmon Onion Plum Parsnip Raspberry Pea/Snow Pea Rockmelon Potato Strawberry Pumpkin Tamarillo Radish Tangelo Rhubarb Watermelon Silverbeet Spring Onion This chart lists the peak season for various fruits Squash and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables purchased Swede during the local growing season are usually the Sweet Corn cheapest and best eating quality. However many Sweet Potato types of produce are now available year around. Tomato Turnip livelighter.com.au Zucchini A-Z OF FRUIT Apple Selection Cooking Choose firm fruit, avoid bruises Tart or medium acid varieties are and blemishes. best for cooking. The sweeter varieties are more suited to Storage eating fresh or in fruit salads and To retain crispness and platters. freshness, store in refrigerator in a vented container. Serving suggestion ▲ Add chopped apple to Uses salads, particularly potato Eat fresh, salads or platters. salad, coleslaw and red Baked whole, pies, tarts, cabbage. crumbles, sauces, cakes and ▲ Fill steamed, hollowed, muffins. golden nugget pumpkins Preparation with a mixture of cooked To prevent discolouration brush chopped onion, finely cut surfaces with any type of chopped apple, baby citrus juice. spinach leaves, feta cheese and pine nuts,bound together with beaten egg. Top with grated reduced-fat cheese and cook 15 minutes at190°C until golden brown. Apricot Selection Cooking Choose plump, firm (but not Apricots are usually halved hard) fruit. Select based on before cooking and the stone texture, flavour and aroma removed. May be poached, rather than appearance. stewed and pureed, or made into jams and chutneys. Storage Ripen at room temperature. Serving suggestion If fruit has been stored in a ▲ Poach and serve on tarts refrigerator, allow several days and flans glazed with at room temperature before warmed apricot jam. eating for flavour to develop. ▲ Stew and puree, then fold Uses through a little honey and sieved reduced-fat ricotta Eat fresh. Fruit salads, sorbets, cheese to make a fruit compote, stewed, pureed, in topping. Middle Eastern cuisine. All fruit and vegetables should be washed before use. 4 livelighter.com.au Banana Varieties curry dishes. Overripe bananas Lady Finger: small plump can be peeled, tightly wrapped banana with a sweet distinctive and frozen then mashed and flavour. used in cakes, muffins, pikelets and milk shakes. Cavendish: the most common type of banana. Preparation Gold Finger: looks like a Once peeled, brush the fruit Cavendish and tastes like a with citrus juice to prevent Lady Finger. discolouration. Plantain and Red Dacca: Cooking large cooking bananas. Cook bananas in skins on a hot Selection barbecue, turning until the skins Choose firm unblemished are black and banana flesh is soft. fruit and only purchase for Serving suggestion immediate requirements, ▲ Banana chunks rolled in particularly in summer. lemon juice and coarsely Storage grated coconut make a Ideal temperature is 13-18°C. cooling accompaniment to Do not refrigerate as the skin a hot curry. will blacken. ▲ Bananas rolled in desiccated coconut and frozen on a Uses stick are a sweet treat for Eat fresh, fruit salads, or as children of all ages. an accompaniment to meat and Berries Small, smooth silver frosted Uses blue-black berry with a sweet Fresh on fruit and cheese Blueberries juice. platters, fruit salads. In muffins, Selection pies, mixed with other berries in Summer Pudding. Sold in punnets, choose plump, firm good coloured berries. Preparation Check base of punnet for mould Wash and dry well on or spoilage. absorbent paper if necessary. Storage Serving suggestion Store covered in refrigerator. ▲ Add to poached apple or Use as soon as possible as pear slices, top with crumble rapid deterioration can occur. topping and bake. ▲ Wrap in a pancake and serve with low-fat vanilla yoghurt. 5 Raspberry Intensely flavoured fragile Preparation berries. Dry brush lightly if using fresh. Selection Wash only if cooking, draining Choose bright red, firm berries. well. Check base of punnet for Cooking spoilage or mould. To make Summer Pudding, Storage warm with other berries until the Store covered in refrigerator. mixture becomes juicy and pour Use as soon as possible as into a basin lined with bread or rapid deterioration can occur. brioche slices. Cover with more slices and weight the top. Uses Eat fresh alone or with other berries or fruits. Strawberry Red aromatic berries with seeds Uses on the outside skin. A variety Eat fresh, fruit salads, platters, of size, colour and shapes are and as decoration for many available. desserts and cakes. Selection Preparation Choose clean, bright red fruit. Wash and dry well on A fresh, bright, green calyx absorbent paper if necessary. should be attached. Check the Remove the green calyx with a base of punnet for mould or sharp knife. moisture from overripe fruit. Serving suggestion Storage Halve strawberries and put onto Store covered in refrigerator. a baking tray. Sprinkle with Use as soon as possible due to balsamic vinegar and grill. rapid deterioration. Cherries Large, sweet, juicy berry with Uses inedible pip and stems attached. Eat fresh, salads, fruit and Selection cheese platters, desserts. Choose plump firm cherries with Serving suggestion fresh green stems. Avoid over Combine poached cherries ripe and split fruit. with reduced-fat Ricotta cheese Storage and a little grated nutmeg. Use mixture to fill a crepe or Wash just prior to using. sandwich hot cakes. Drizzle Store in airtight container in with reduced cherry liquid refrigerator for a short time before serving. only. All fruit and vegetables should be washed before use. 6 livelighter.com.au Custard Apple Resembles a pine cone and Preparation has grey-green, scaly skin. The Remove skin and seeds and or Cherimoyas soft white pulp inside has large discard. black (inedible) seeds and tastes like a creamy blend of Uses tropical flavours. Eat on its own or in Selection combination with other fruits, puree as a drink, in cake Ripe custard apples yield recipes and ice-cream. slightly when gently squeezed, avoid dark blemishes. Select Serving suggestion fruit that is heavy for its size. Exotic fruit sorbet: Freeze Storage for 30 minutes and eat like a sorbet. Exotic fruit salad: Hard custard apples should be Combine equal parts custard stored at room temperature until apple, strawberries, bananas, they soften, then refrigerate. The and pineapple. fruit bruises easily. Dragon Fruit The fruit of a cactus with intense Storage skin colour, the pulp varies from Refrigerate. Best used as soon or Pitaya white to various shades of red. as possible. Contains many small edible seeds. Uses Selection Eat fresh, salads and platters, juice. The yellow variety is generally preferred because of its sweeter Preparation flavour. Select plump fruit that is Serve chilled and cut in half. firm, well coloured and shows Scoop out the flesh and seeds no sign of bruising or skin much like a kiwi fruit. damage. Durian A large, oblong-shaped Selection tropical fruit with green/yellow A yellowing in the skin and the skin that is also covered in fruit giving off a characteristic sharp pointed spines.