SUEZ with for 80 years

ready for the resource revolution

S944s Suez – com o Brasil há 80 anos / Élida Gagete. São Paulo: Quintessência Pesquisa e Texto, 2018.

126 p.: il, color.

Reprodução em aquarela de Renato Palmuti. Edição bilíngue: português e inglês.

ISBN: 978-85-53018-00-0

1. Água - Tratamento. 2. Água - Abastecimento. 3. Águas residuais – Purificação. 4. Indústria. 5. Meio Ambiente I. Gagete, Élida. II. Título.

CDD 628 Summary

11 In The Future 160 Years Ago

14 Secular trajectory 19 On The Path Of Growth

26 Civilize! 30 “We are no longer an exclusively agrarian country”

32 Brazilian Water Company – Empresa Brasileira de Água 37 A New Era

42 Drinking water 48 A long partnership with Brazil

52 Water and sanitation

56 Industrial consolidation 63 Change To Survive 68 Breaking paradigms

72 Death and life of urban waters

80 Diversify and Grow 91 The Country Of The Present

96 Big opportunities: oil, mining and pulp 100 Learning, legacy and betting

104 The new SUEZ and the Brazilian contribution

106 Horizons and perspectives 111 Resource Revolution

118 With Brazil for 80 years 122 Timeline 124 Bibliography and Image Credits ater is essential for life, there is no doubts, saying industrial segments, solutions that make the difference this, is already almost an old cliché. But we processes more productive and more sustainable. Wmust be attentive to the ever-pressing need to preserve the quality of water resources so as not to jeopardize Today, there is a little of our work in each Brazilian our own humanity and all the planet's biodiversity. region, as it can be seen in this publication that, with Doing so requires more than goodwill and catch phases - just pride, we offer to our partners. it requires technology, work, and constant innovation. Good Reading! SUEZ does just that. In almost 160 years of history, we have followed several revolutions: in the nineteenth Jean-Louis Chaussade we were protagonists of social revolutions, developing CEO SUEZ various technologies aimed at public hygiene. In the twentieth century we faced the immense challenge of providing the big cities with urban solutions for comfort and health, as well as supporting industrial activities in an effort to combine production and preservation. We realize then that, in the XXI century, we are facing another revolution, the resources revolution.

The resource revolution was engendered in the first discussions on the sustainability issue, just over 30 years ago. At the time, dozens of nations of the world, led by the UN, placed in their political and economic agendas the need to preserve natural resources. Since then, we have made great strides, but we still have a long way to go in this revolution that is just beginning, in search of an economy that is circular, concrete and collaborative.

In 2018, the 8th World Water Forum will take place in Brasília, just as SUEZ celebrates 80 years of presence in Brazil, a country that plays a very important role in balancing the global environment. During all this time, we have followed the cycles of evolution of the Brazilian economy and we are proud to offer, especially for the

8 9 In The Future 160 Years Ago

The colibri is a hummingbird found in Central and South American. Three of the four existing species live in Brazil. Colibri are large compared to other hummingbirds, normally 12 to 14 centimeters in length, and have bright green plumage, a long and rounded tail and a straight beak.

In the culture of the Guarani people, one of the most representative ethnic groups in the Americas, the colibri is an expression of the sacred; a manifestation of the god Tupã or his divine messenger. The natives believed that each human being has a colibri-soul that dwells in the heart, Tupã’s territory.

In modern societies, the colibri has also become a symbol of environmental balance. It is a great pollinator, due to the time spent flying from flower to flower to extract nectar. In a single day, a hummingbird can ingest up to three times its own weight. As a result, the hummingbird’s existence is directly linked to the preservation of trees and shrubs.

Many plant species also depend on hummingbirds. Hummingbirds can access flowers with an elongated, tubular nucleus that protects flowers by going where insects cannot reach. In the southern region of Brazil alone, over 200 species of plants are pollinated exclusively by hummingbirds.

Similar to the colibri, SUEZ’s mission is to preverve and recycle natural ressources to guarantee the environmental balance of the planet on a daily basis. he world discovered the word sustainability in collection of domestic and industrial solid waste, and 1987, when the UN published the Brundtland recovery and recycling of secondary raw materials, TReport. Entitled Our Common Future, the among other activities. document indicated the urgent need to change patterns of production and consumption to preserve In the 1930s, the first company related to the SUEZ the environmental resources necessary for humanity’s Group to come to Brazil was the Brazilian Water survival on the planet. Company (EBA), which had French and Brazilian partners. EBA had built several water treatment and For the first time, the Brundtland Report defined a widely distribution stations in , then the federal accepted concept for sustainability; integrating social, capital city, and in other important cities. economic and environmental dimensions. The report also provided the origin of the Triple Bottom Line concept, In the late 1950s, Degrémont came on the scene or triad of social responsibility, where businesses strive after winning a contract to design and build the Water to be economically profitable, environmentally friendly Treatment Plant (WTP) in the Brazil’s new capital, and socially responsible. All three bottom lines must be Brasilia, which was being built from scratch on the considered in order to be sustainable. “Central Plateau”. Degrémont would become the Group’s best-known company in Brazil and would The wisdom of nature is Since that time, many organizations have gained drive much of the structure, people and culture of the prominence in systematizing and disseminating social current SUEZ organization. such that it produces nothing and environmental positions, projects and actions. Many companies have sought to align themselves Also, part of this story, are other companies that were superfluous or useless. with these socially responsible goals. However, some at one time related to the Group, such as Lyonnaise des sectors and companies have increasingly become Eaux, Vega Ambiental, Aqualogy and Restor. Nicolaus Copernicus protagonists to the effort.

(1473 - 1543 – Polish astronomer and doctor) In 2015, many of these companies and brands, in Like SUEZ. With origins in the 19th century, the French addition to around 40 others that were part of the based SUEZ Group is an important global player Group at a global level, were unified under the SUEZ in sustainable development, with a presence in 70 brand. SUEZ has thus positioned itself among the countries on five continents. The Group has over 90 leaders in the Brazilian environmental market with thousand employees who strive to develop and manage its businesses in line with sustainability. The group’s solutions for municipal and industrial water and waste. goals have continued to grow in importance as global populations, cities and production increase. In the water sector, SUEZ’s portfolio of products and services ranges from the captation, treatment and distribution of drinking water, collection and treatment of domestic sewage and wastewater reuse to the operation of desalination plants and infrastructure projects. In the waste sector, it operates in the

13 Secular trajectory

The year is 1858. French diplomat and businessman then began a campaign of international expansion, Ferdinand de Lesseps creates the Compagnie becoming one of the world’s leading water treatment Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez to drill and explore and services companies. the 160-kilometer channel between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea in Egypt. The work, which would last Later, two other movements contributed decisively for ten years, created trade routes between Europe and to SUEZ’s current organization. In 1971, Lyonnaise South Asia without the need to navigate around Africa, a acquired control of the Société Industrielle de short cut of some seven thousand kilometers. Transport Automobile (SITA) and, in the following year, Degrémont. SITA was born in 1919, when As soon as it was put into operation, in 1969, the Channel the Parisian municipality launched a competition revolutionized world trade. for the modernization of urban waste collection, that was won by the company, that developed the The Compagnie du Canal de Suez also innovated in first automotive vehicles that revolutionized waste relation to the social policy compared to other major management activities. SITA became the group’s companies at the time. Their employees received waste division and made important innovations, such benefits such as social protection and participation in as the construction of the first waste incinerators. profits, in addition to a kind of insurance retirement and health insurance. Degrémont, on the other hand, was almost as long- lived as SUEZ, having emerged as a small machine About a century later, in 1967, the Called Compagnie shop in 1870, in Cateau, northern France. Its founder, Financière of SUEZ acquired the Control of Lyonnaise Adalbert Degrémont, bequeathed his name to the des Eaux. The origins of Société Lyonnaise des Eaux business, but it was his son, Émile, who created in the et de l’Éclairage (Society of water and Lighting) refer early 20th century, the first water treatment product to 1880, period of the so-called second Industrial lines such as filters, purifiers and aerators. The Revolution, marked by scientific and technological next generation, represented by Gilbert Degrémont, development, with great discoveries in the areas began an internationalization movement in 1939, of the industry chemical, electrical, oil and steel. making the company one of the world’s leading With headquarters in Lyon, The Lyonnaise in a few specialists in water and effluent treatment using its Above: Certificate bearer action of the Compagnie Universelle du Canal years became the main Company of France in the own technologies and processes. Maritime de Suez. water distribution sector and in the production and Next: Construction of the Suez Canal. distribution of gas and electricity. These companies were the basis of the group SUEZ Environnement which, in 2008, gathered several water After World War II (1939-1945), with the national and waste treatment activities and had shares listed reconstruction effort after the long German occupation, on the Stock Exchange, GDF SUEZ being principal Lyonnaise des Eaux focused on the water segment and shareholder. The expansion process continued for

14 15 example with the purchase, in 2010, of Aguas de in Brazil for several decades, closely monitoring the Barcelona (Agbar), Spanish company founded in 1882 infrastructure and economic evolution of the country. and active in several countries, including of , like . SUEZ: With Brazil for 80 years.

In 2015, GDF SUEZ changed the denomination to Engie, while SUEZ Environnement became just SUEZ. With new positioning and newbrand, SUEZ has encompassed in one brand all companies that acted with their own identity: Degremont, SITA, Agbar, Aqualogy, Lyonnaise des Eaux, United Water, Ondeo, SAFEGE, among others. Some of them were present

16 a

On The Path Of Growth

Rio de Janeiro is one of the most well-known tourist destinations in the world. Rio was After Brazil became independent in 1822, Rio was one of the first to benefit from one named in January 1502, just after a Portuguese expedition disembarked at Guanabara of the country’s most important natural resource, coffee. The city grew quickly and Bay, believing it to be at the delta of a great river. without proper planning until in the early years of the 20th century, shortly after the proclamation of the Republic in 1889, it underwent major urban reforms inspired by The colonization of Brazil began in the Northeast (the first capital was Salvador, in the French model. The reforms gave the central regions of the city the basic design ). The entire Southeast region, where Rio is, only became of interest to the they still have today. Portuguese metropolis in the 17th century, after the discovery of gold and precious stones in Minas Gerais. The city’s port became the most important in Brazil, used Rio de Janeiro was the federal capital of Brazil until 1960, when Brasilia was inaugurated. to transport gold and to be the gateway for products coming from Europe that were Although no longer the federal capital, Rio remains one of the most important cultural bought by the enriched miners. Consequently, in 1763, Rio de Janeiro became the areas of the country and is the birthplace of many fundamental elements of the capital of the Colony. Brazilian identity, such as Bossa Nova, samba and carnival.

In 1808, the Portuguese royal family took refuge in Rio in the face of the threat of In the late 1930s, Rio was the first city in the country to receive a SUEZ Group company. Napoleonic invasion. To be consistent with the court’s presence, Rio has gained many The Brazilian Water Company (Empresa Brasileira de Aguas - EBA) added a location in improvements, modern buildings and urban equipment. Rio to support the Brazilian development of the water sector. he first Brazilian cities arose to drive commercial conditions for development. The state of São Paulo or military development or to provide logistical quickly turned into a sea of coffee trees, leading the Tsupport for agricultural and natural resource national production with ease. activities. In most of the early cities, the implementation of basic sanitation and urban service improvements, The city of São Paulo was an inexpressive array of such as water distribution, has never been a priority. commercial warehouses practically made of mud. With the coffee industry boom, São Paulo underwent Until the middle of the 18th century, the population of a thriving urbanization cycle to house the new elite Rio de Janeiro still obtained water directly from rivers coffee barons. Using the salaried work of immigrant and streams or from spouts and public fountains without newcomers – which also formed the incipient consumer any treatment. Only in 1750 was the first major public market – the new coffee elite reinvested profits in work project to supply water to the city inaugurated. The the sector itself, creating industrial, commercial, and Carioca Aqueduct, which comes from the river of the service enterprises. In a short time, São Paulo became same name, would later be renamed the Arcos da Lapa, the economic capital of Brazil, while Rio de Janeiro in allusion to the name of the neighborhood it crosses. would remain as the administrative and cultural capital.

With the development of water infrastructure, Rio turned Both cities still had serious health problems. Infested to the disposal of waste as a critical topic. At that time, with diseases such as yellow fever, smallpox and , it’s time waste was disposed of directly on the streets, beaches bubonic plague, it was urgent to start the organization and ponds, and when it rained, everything spread, and of basic sanitation services, following international to make Brazil. disease prevention became a focus. standards. In nineteenth-century Europe, the work of scientists such as John Snow, Robert Koch and Mário de Andrade Urban improvements came when the wealth of the coffee Louis Pasteur highlighted the effectiveness of sewage

(1893 - 1945 – Brazilian industry and the Portuguese royal family arrival in 1808 collection networks and the treatment of water supplies writer, one of the creators drove the city to invest. Faced with the need to create in response to epidemics. of Modernism in Brazil) urban infrastructure consistent with the presence of the Court, ministries and public secretariats, the Bank From the mid-1850s onwards, several Brazilian cities of Brazil was created. Hospitals, barracks, the Royal received infrastructure and sanitation services as part Library, the Academy of Fine Arts and the Botanical of a modernization project that included gas lighting, Garden were created along with new buildings. As trade tram and rail transportation, electrification and became more varied, more urban improvements were telegraph communications. The provinces established undertaken, such as expanding the network of wells concession contracts for foreign companies, mainly and public fountains. British, to provide services and bring the newest technology to the country. In Rio, D. Pedro II contracted, After the Declaration of Independence in 1822, coffee in 1853, the service of “cleaning the houses of the City production continued to be the flagship of the economy, of Rio de Janeiro and the drainage of the fluvial waters,” with coffee plantations migrating to the country side by means of concession to The Rio de Janeiro City of São Paulo State where there were more favorable Improvements Company Limited, formed by British

21 funding. As a result, the city was the third in the world Despite these initiatives, one of the most active Avenida Paulista, towards the Consolação street to implement sewerage, behind only London, England concession companies in the cities of Rio and São Paulo in 1902. Inaugurated in 1891, Paulista became the and Hamburg, Germany. was the Canadian Light and Power company. In 1899, preferred address of the so-called coffee barons, who built palaces throughout their length. the São Paulo Tramway Light and Power company was In 1857, the São Paulo government signed a contract founded to better serve the local interests. In 1904, the with the Achilles Martin D’Éstudens company to build Rio de Janeiro Tramway Light and Power Company was and operate the first piped water supply system in São founded, later known as Rio Light. Paulo, the Cantareira.

22 Far beyond the postcard

One of the main symbols of Rio de Janeiro, the water conductor, although it was almost another Arcos da Lapa is the oldest water distribution century before the works were completed. In structure in the city. In the original city center 1720, the infrastructure reached Campo da founded by Estácio de Sá, in 1565, there was only Ajuda, where the current city of Cinelândia stands a “bad water lagoon.” The supply was made from today. The local government was inspired by the wells, but they quickly became insufficient. It was Aqueduct of Águas Livres, to extend the then that the waters of the mighty Rio Carioca project to the Campo de Santo Antônio (current began to be used. Largo da Carioca), opting for the so-called Arcos Velhos - an aqueduct linking the Desterro hill The Rio Carioca is born in the Forest of Tijuca, (current hill of Santa Teresa) to the hill of Santo Serra do Corcovado, at the height of Paineiras. Antônio. The work was completed in 1723, taking Just below, along the Valley of (today the waters to the Carioca Fountain. corresponding to the neighborhoods of Laranjeiras and ), the Carioca is divided into two In 1744, the Carioca Aqueduct was rebuilt with arms, one with its mouth at Flamengo beach and new brick structure so that no illegal diversions another at Outeiro da Glória. took place. The official inauguration took place in 1750, when the waters sprang from 16 bronze In the 17th century, the river had crystalline and spouts of a marble fountain installed at the feet of abundant waters. It supplied the native and colony the Santo Antônio Convent. populations and served as a route for canoes to travel to farms in the country’s interior. Today, the river is polluted and most of its course is underground.

At the beginning of the 1600s the first studies were carried out on channeling the Carioca River for beneficial use. About two decades later, in 1624, a Arcos da Lapa in the years 1950. The structure made of stone contract was finally signed for the completion of a and mortar, which originally belonged to the Carioca Aqueduct, has 17.6 meters of height and 42 double bows. Civilize!

The model for granting services to foreign companies The case of Rio de Janeiro, however, was more This hydroelectric dam project was driven by the need Despite this, the regulation of water supply and became standard in most major cities of the country, emblematic. Between 1902 and 1906, Mayor Pereira to provide Rio de Janeiro with a modern water supply sanitation systems throughout the country only especially after the proclamation of the Republic. Passos promoted a real bottom-up strategy. Passos system. Until that time, all efforts for water infrastructure came much later, in the face of urbanization and the With Europe as a reference and influenced by the demolished old houses and tenements to open were too small for the dimensions of the city. The main country’s new reality after the end of the Old Republic positivist philosophy of French intellectuals like wide avenues and squares, created basic sanitation fountains created between the 19th and 20th centuries (1889-1930) and the Getulio Vargas presidency. Auguste Comte and Michel Chevalier, the republican structures, modernized the port area, built the only served the inhabitants around the catchment areas regime inscribed “Order and Progress” in the new Municipal Theater, the National Museum of Fine Arts and the need for large solutions was evident. national flag, an ideal related to industrialization, and the National Library, and other great symbols of urbanization and rationality in political and the city. In the words of Fon-Fon magazine, a journal administrative decisions. that portrayed Belle Époque’s sociocultural life in Brazil, “Rio is civilized! This is the exclamation that For this reason, almost all the states of the country bursts from all the breasts of Rio. We have Avenida sought to reorganize the public administration and Central [beyond Rio Branco], Avenida Beira Mar (our to expand technical-cultural training to achieve this Champs Elysees), statues everywhere, cafes and ideal. Several engineering schools were created confectioners (…), a murder a day, a scandal a week, to drive education, such as the Polytechnic of São fortune tellers, psychics, automobiles, autobus, Paulo (1893), the Engineering School of dramatic authors, grandmonde, demi-monde, all the (1895), the Engineering School of Rio Grande do Sul paraphernalia of the great capitals.” (1896), and others. These institutions were added to those established during the Empire, such as All this modernity was driven mainly by expensive, the Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro (1810) and imported coal based fuels. Brazil realized it was the Escola de Minas de Ouro Preto (1876), creating important to change the energy matrix, so that in conditions for implementing urban reforms in large 1904, Light began construction of the Ribeirão das Brazilian cities, generally guided by the work that Lajes Dam, with the purpose of creating a water Baron Haussman had developed in Paris between reservoir for the Fontes Hydroelectric Power Plant, 1853 and 1870, with a focus on improving road traffic the largest and most modern in the country and one and sanitation. of the largest in the world. Located in the south of Rio de Janeiro, less than 50 kilometers from the capital Among these projects, which extended from the - where the municipality of Piraí is today - the power end of the 19th century to the mid-1910s, the Belo plant would generate enough energy to power electric Horizonte implantation and the expansion plans of trams and for the public and residential lighting the cities of Santos (SP), Vitória (ES), Parayba do for the city. In 1913, Light increased the catchment Norte – currently named João Pessoa (PB), system and formed the second dam from the water (PE) and Porto Alegre (RS) stand out. from of the Paraíba do Sul River, reverting the course of the Piraí River. The central region of Rio de Janeiro in late 1910, after the reforms of Major Pereira Passos.

26 27 The French Brazil Son of Frenchmen, Marc Ferrez was born in Rio de Janeiro in 1843, but spent much of the youth in Paris. Back to Brazil, he became one of the most important photographers in The French have been present in Brazil’s history It was also from France that the most desired products the country, registering local and historical since the discovery period. Shortly after the arrival for the Brazilian elite were produced including silks, moments. In the photo, the popular celebration for the abolition of slavery, ahead of the of Pedro Álvares Cabral’s fleet, French pirates and shoes, porcelain, champagne and a myriad of other Imperial Palace, in Rio de Janeiro, in 1888. traders frequented the coast in search of the valuable items. Due to theses item’s popularity, Brazil’s trade Pau-Brasil. with France was only overshadowed by England, ’s former ally. In 1555, the first French group arrived with the intent to colonize. French Protestants, led by Admiral Nicolas From French philosophy emerged republican ideals on Durand de Villegagnon, invaded Rio de Janeiro and sanitary and urban models. Several iconic buildings, created France Antarctica on an island in Guanabara monuments and locations in major Brazilian cities were Bay (next to where Santos Dumont is today). created by Frenchmen, such as Christ the Redeemer, There they built the Fort of Coligny, which was overtaken designed by the French-Polish sculptor Paul Landowski 12 years later by the Portuguese. and inaugurated in 1931. Between the 1930s and 1950s, French influence in architecture found its apex, with the In the 19th century, greater cultural connections great Brazilian disciples of Le Corbusier, Lúcio Costa between the Brazilian empire and France occurred. and . In 1816 several notable French citizens were invited by the Portuguese Court to be part of the so-called In the founding of the University of São Paulo (USP), Artistic Mission. Among other collaborations, the Fernand Braudel and Lévi-Strauss played a prominent Artistic Mission led to the founding of the Royal School role, who, in 1955, launched the famous book Tristes of Sciences, Arts and Crafts. Among the members of Trópicos (Sad Tropics), a classic of modern anthropology. the group were Jean Baptiste Debret, a painter who recorded the most diverse scenes of everyday Brazilian Great Brazilian filmmakers, such as Glauber Rocha, life (in the second half of the century, this role was received direct influence from the works of Jean Luc taken by a Franco-Brazilian photographer Marc Ferrez). Godard, François Truffaut, Alain Resnais and many Debret created the first national, yellow-green flag with other French. a diamond in the center. The legacy of the French culture only began to lose Another notable Frenchman, the naturalist and botanist momentum in Brazil after the 1960s, before the liberal Auguste Saint-Hilaire, began a great journey through ideals of American culture. To his day there is a very Brazil between 1816 and 1822, writing various works strong relationship between France and Brazil built on the country and its plant species, which became a upon mutual interests and admiration botanical classic. “We are no longer an exclusively Getúlio Vargas was the between 1931 and 1945 and 1951 and 1954. His governments were marked by the investment in infrastructure and in the agrarian country” Brazilian industrial park, and also created the basis of labor legislation in the country. In the photo, Vargas shows the dirty hand of oil in Mataripe (BA), and in 1952, a year before he created Petrobras. In the first 30 years of the 20th century, the Brazilian Company of Vale do São Francisco (Chesf). Later, industrial sector went through the first major cycle although in another context, Vargas would also be of expansion, focused on the textile, food, beverage, responsible for the creation of Petrobras. utensil and tool sectors. The development of industrial parks was an important factor to help the economy This interventionism also involved the installation of breathe amid the depression of the 1930s. numerous political-administrative organizations to directly consolidate essential sectors. The DNPM - The global economic crisis caused by the fall of National Department of Mineral Policy (1933), CNP - the New York Stock Exchange in 1929, reached the National Petroleum Council (1938) and the Water Code coffee , the mainstay of the national (1934) were created in this period. economy. This was one of the reasons why, after the Revolution of 1930, that Getúlio Vargas won the office. The Water Code, in particular, was the first major The government made clear intentions to follow legislative framework for water management in Brazil the path of industrialization. Without abandoning that was established in a context of administrative agriculture, Getúlio reaffirmed industrial intentions centralization, strengthening of federal power and in official pronouncements such as on September nationalism. In order to regulate the sector, in 1939, 7, 1936, when he said: “We reached a high stage of the National Water and Energy Council (CNAE) was cultural, institutional and economic development. (...) created, soon renamed as the National Water and We are no longer an exclusively agrarian country”. Electric Energy Council (CNAEE), which still continues to govern policy after more than 60 years. In 1941, Vargas used the alliance with the United States during World War II to create the National Steel Company (CSN), to be built in the city of Volta Redonda (RJ), and thus guarantee Brazilian self-sufficiency in steel production. Although it only began production in five years, CSN was considered the beginning of the Brazilian industrial revolution.

During the successive Getúlio Vargas government administrations, other strategic base sectors were stimulated, especially electricity, oil and chemistry, through state-owned companies such as Vale do Rio Doce Company (now Vale, privatized) and Hydroelectric

30 Brazilian Water Company – Empresa Brasileira de Água

The definition of laws and regulations in strategic sectors EBA was thus prevented from fulfilling its contracts. provided by the governing bodies has broadened the Fortunately, among the representatives of the Brazilian possibility of foreign companies associated with Brazilian partners was one of the most respected lawyers in the organizations to act. country, João Paulo Gouvêa Vieira. Alongside the other representatives of the Brazilian partners - Ayres de Pinto This was precisely the context of the creation of Montenegro and Antonio Sanches de Larraigot - and of the Brazilian Water Company (EBA) in 1939. The the French leaders Roger Cardier, Joseph Fillios and initiative came from the Société Lyonnaise des Eaux Henry Dumont, Gouvêa Vieira intervened decisively with et de l’Eclairage - already the most important French the Bank of Brazil to release the capital of EBA so that company in the water distribution and gas and electricity the company could honor its contracts. production and distribution sectors. The company joined other French companies that owned businesses and EBA’s performance was so outstanding that, at the partners in Brazil: the Pont-à-Mousson Group (which end of the war, the lawyer was elected president of the controlled S/A Industrial de Tubos - Situbos) and the company, a position he held for six consecutive years. Saint Gobain Group (Brasilit). During this period, the company was one of the most active in the country in the field of sanitation engineering. At that moment, it was possible to act as a concessionaire Several EBA projects were exemplary, including the first of water services in Rio de Janeiro, although the Guandu System pipeline, part of the sewage emissary first major contract won by EBA was in the area of of , in Rio de Janeiro, the Water Distribution engineering services, the project called “Remodeling System of the interior of São Paulo, including the stations of water services in the city of Rio de Janeiro and the of Garça, Itapeva, Itapetininga, & Cotia, and also the Salto Federal District.” From then on, EBA became one of the and Capingui dam, in Rio Grande do Sul. main suppliers of this type of service, both in Rio and in

several other states. EBA Headquarters, Rio de Janeiro.

Before that happened, however, the EBA had to overcome short-term difficulties. In 1942, when Brazil became directly involved in World War II with allied forces, the confiscation of assets and intervention in ventures whose main shareholders were related to Italy, Japan or Germany - which at that time had extended its rule to France, meant that the French enterprises were also subject to this policy.

32 33 The initial success was not enough for EBA to capitalize and to keep pace with the evolution of technology and human resources in the industry. For that reason, in 1954, it was sold to the Compagnie d’Etudes et EBA Technical Drawing. Exécution des Travaux (CECOB), a subsidiary of Grand Travaux de Marseille (GTM), a construction company founded in 1881.

The EBA-CECOB union significantly increased the company’s portfolio until the mid-1960s, with public works in Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, Goiás, São Paulo and Santa Catarina. EBA-CECOB’s works include the Cachoeira Dourada Dam (GO), the tunnels of the Guandu System (RJ), the Juiz de Fora Water Treatment Plant (MG), the Tubarão Thermoelectric Power Plant (SC) and the Adductor Tunnel Engenho Novo - Macacos (RJ).

A series of events, including new procedures for public works tenders that favored 100% national companies, led CECOB to leave Brazil a little more than a decade after the merger with EBA. At that time, GTM decided to maintain only a small active operation in the country with the consulting firm Estudos Técnicos e Projetos Ltda. (ETEP), which was created in 1966.

ETEP consolidated itself as one of the great Brazilian engineering offices between the 1960s and 1970s. Working on projects covering highways, water and energy, and others, in 2000, the majority share control of ETEP was purchased by SAFEGE – or the Société Anonyme Française d’Etude de Gestion et d’Entreprises (Anonymous Society of Management and Business Studies), a former consortium of 25 companies, which, in 2008, became a subsidiary of SUEZ Environnement.

Until 2008, much has happened to almost completely transform the reality of Brazil.

34 35 A New Era

The construction of Brasilia was the realization of a project considered since the Inaugurated in 1960, Brasilia was built in the middle of the cerrado, the Brazilian 19th century because the former capital, Rio de Janeiro was considered vulnerable savannah, with an extremely dry climate during the winter. Due to the climate, to foreign invasions, tropical epidemics and popular rebellions. water quality was a major concern in the conception of the city. The Cruls Mission, which already provided for the construction of a large lake to embrace the city. José Bonifácio, the Patriarch of Independence, was one of the great minds to From the impoundment of the Paranoá River, constructed a hydroelectric plant influence transferring the capital city to an interior location. He made the first for the city. name suggestions for the new city in 1823. He proposed Petrópolis (to honor the Emperor Dom Pedro I) or Brasília, to represent an anonymous publication that An international tender was made for the construction of a Water Treatment Plant circulated in Rio de Janeiro at the time. (WTP) with state-of-the-art technology. This tender would become a gateway for another SUEZ Group company, Degrémont, to enter in Brazil. The first republican constitution of 1891 foresaw the change, and the following year a commission headed by the Belgian astronomer Luís Cruls, director of the Astronomical Observatory, demarcated in the Central Plateau the quadrilateral where the new capital was to be located. It would still be decades before the city was build, and it was only in the late 1950s that President Juscelino Kubitscheck decided to turn the dream into reality. hen the Vargas presidency ended, with Building capitals projected almost from scratch was his dramatic suicide in 1954, Brazil was something that Brazilians saw natuarally after the Wcompletely different from when he came construction of Belo Horizonte, Teresina and other into power. Between the 1930s and 1940s the basic capitals of the Northeast in the late 19th century, and structures for the modernization of the country were of Goiania in the 1940s. Brasília proposed a “new” formed, with the adoption of a model of development aesthetic, sought through a tender managed by the that promoted political, social and cultural changes. New Capital Urbanization Company, Novacap, which was created in 1956. The winning proposal, by urbanist Getulio’s legacy included a system of state planning, with Lúcio Costa, caused much controversy. The proposal It was now about the activities of stimulus and economic development eventually resulted in the construction of a city so unique agencies, investment banks, such as the National Bank that, in 1988, it was considered a cultural heritage of building: and building for Economic Development (BNDE - which later won humanity site by Unesco. the Social S) and large public companies. a new rhythm. To do Lúcio Costa’s pilot plan, “was born of the gesture of Getulio’s successor, Juscelino Kubitscheck, proposed a one who marks a place or takes possession of it: two so, it was necessary to bold agenda to take the country forward called the Goal axles crossing at right angles,” he wrote in the Report Plan. Initially, there were 30 goals divided into five major of the Pilot Plan of Brasilia. The city finally took the summon all the living categories - energy, transportation, food, basic industry configuration of an airplane, a metaphor more than and education. The goals were designed to give Brazil a adequate at that moment that would gain even more forces of the Nation, all jump start, growing the equivalent of 50 years in the five meaning with the bold traces of architect Oscar men who, with a will to years that his government would stay in power. Niemeyer in the main palaces and public buildings. Kubitscheck bet on the optimism from in the golden The works began in November 1956, based on a model work and confidence in years to win over public opinion. There was a climate of state relations with the contractors - Novacap did not of modernity, and everything that was reminiscent of perform engineering services but contracted private the future, could erect, the past was retrograde, backwards. We should all companies and coordinated the works. The contract look to the great future of Brazil. Not coincidentally, was a golden opportunity for national engineering in a new time, a new Era. “modern” and “new” were included most of the companies of various segments, especially for the cultural movements of the time: bossa nova, modern mining companies of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Vinícius de Morais – Symphony of architecture, new cinema. The contract also provided opportunities for foreign the Dawn Poem companies specializing in state-of-the-art technologies The “new” Federal Capital, was also to be built in that Brazilian engineering had not yet mastered. (1913 - 1980. Poet, diplomat and one of the the middle of the Central Plateau “in an immense most important Brazilian composers, author of one of the greatest classics of Brazilian demographic void”, according to Juscelino Kubitscheck’s This opportynity for engineering expertise is how popular music, “Garota de Ipanema,” in own words which were recorded in his memoir “Porque Degrémont entered the . partnership with Antonio Carlos Jobim) Construí Brasília” (Rio de Janeiro, Bloch Editores, 1975). This project did not originally exist in the Goal Plan, but was later incorporated as goal no. 31, the meta-synthesis.

39 Construction of Brasilia in 1959.

Above: works from the Esplanada dos Ministérios.

Next: Juscelino Kubitscheck (in the middle wearing a hat), inspecting the construction of the National Congress.

41 Drinking water

In the early 1960s, Vinícius de Moraes and Tom Jobim - As journalist Caio Tiburcio reported in a 2005 issue of who do not need to be presented - traveled to Brasília, Correio Braziliense, during a night tour in the vicinity then a huge construction site, to meet a special request of Catetinho, they heard the sound of running water by President Juscelino Kubitscheck to compose a and asked a guard where it came from. The man led 100% Brazilian symphony for the official inauguration them to a source of crystal clear water and said: “that’s ceremony of the city. drinking water, brother!”. This event was enough for the genius of Tom and Vinícius to create one of the greatest After a long trip, made in Jobim’s Beetle, they settled classics of Bossa Nova, Água de Beber (Drinking Water) in the “Catetinho” - the wood construction where - “I wanted to love but I was afraid | And wanted to save the president was staying and from where he was my heart | But love knows a secret | Fear can kill your dispatched. The name alluded to the Palace of Catete, heart | Drinking water | Drinking water brother.” The official residence of the Presidency of the Republic in song was such a success it was even recorded by Frank The Water Treatment Handbook, originally developed by Degrémont in the years 1950, is considered to date the most important technical reference in the water treatment industry. Rio de Janeiro. Sinatra.

For a number of reasons, the beautiful Sinfonia da For a city symbolizing modernity, drinking water would In 1957, Novacap organized an international competition in , . Alvorada was not performed at the inauguration of Brasilia have to go far beyond the small and rare fountains of that for the construction of the Water Treatment Plant as JK wished and was recorded only a few months later. environment dominated by Cerrado. It was necessary (WTP) in Brasilia. The winner was Degrémont, a French The WTP project in Brasilia had several particularities. However, from the arrival of Tom and Vinícius in the city to construct a complex system for water capture and company that was among the leaders in water and Not only should unprecedented technologies be used one of his greatest successes was born. treatment, capable of supplying drinking water to 500 effluent treatment systems in the world and, at that – including accelerated decantation and rapid filtration thousand people. time, in the process of internationalization. Proof of - as there would need to be aesthetic and functional Degrémont’s global ambition was the importance of consideration of the architectural proposal of the city. its technical manual, the Water Treatment Handbook, which was first published in 1950 in an attempt to The project generated great collaboration within popularize water treatment around the world. The Brazilian professionals, among them Niemeyer himself, book, later named the Degrémont Water Treatment who signed the general plan of the Station, which had Handbook, became the global reference on the subject the equipment provided by Degrémont. of water treatment. The Water Treatment Handbook was updated and reedited several times, translated into Another distinction of the project was the fact that many languages and is still referenced widely today, Gilbert Degrémont came personally to check the work. even by competing companies. To a large extent, this collaborative spirit helped Degrémont had begun its operations in Latin America French professionals to get ahead in the industry a few months before the contract for the works in and to form local teams to dedicate themselves to so Brasilia, through the construction of a WTP in Lima, many other works that Brazil demanded in its rapid . The following year, 1958, it would construct a WTP modernization process. Perspective of the ETA, Brasilia (DF).

42 43 Details of the project of the ETA Brasilia, fully made in watercolor by the Degrémont Engineers. Part of the water treatment tanks of the ETA Brasilia, where new technologies were used in Brazil, accelerated decantation and rapid filtration. A long partnership with Brazil Brazil went through one of its main development economical cycles between 1968 and 1974. In that period there were large investments in the country’s industry and infrastructure, with large works such as the Rio-Niterói Bridge, which crosses the Although the speed with which Brasília was built, in the country. With new investments in basic sectors , inaugurated in 1974, has a total extension of three and a half years, surprised even the greatest such as petrochemicals, mining and the mechanical 13.29 kilometers and 72 feet high at its highest point. enthusiasts, the economic advancements of the 1950s industry, between 1968 and 1974 the Brazilian economy and 1960s were even more impressive. JK intensified showed clear signs of expansion. Exports advanced the production of durable goods, mainly automobiles rapidly in both agricultural and manufactured products and appliances, expanding the policy of import and GDP grew 4.8% in 1967, 8.4% in 1968 and would substitution from foreign countries. Between 1955 and reach a staggering 14% in 1973, a rate achieved only 1961 industrial growth reached 80%, with numerous by highly developed countries. In addition, inflation multinationals opening operations in Brazil. stabilized at a reasonable 20% to 25% per year.

The immense growth potential led Degrémont to All this happened in an extremely favorable external consolidate its roots in the country. Shortly after the scenario, with the growth of several major capitalist construction of the WTP in Brasília, Degremont opened economies and international trade. Practically all of an office in São Paulo, on Brigadeiro Tobias Street, in Brazil’s economic sectors, public and private, expanded the Luz region. rapidly, which boosted the performance of both domestic and foreign companies, including Degrémont. Shortly thereafter, Degrémont acquired a former German equipment factory, Rein, which operated in a shed on Ibirapuera Avenue in the Moema neighborhood, in front of a large shopping mall (although at that time it was an avenue of land, where the tram that went towards Santo Amaro passed). Until it was known in the national market, the company operated under the denomination Degrémont-Rein, winning a large number of new projects in the mid-1960s.

Nearly overnight, serious economic and political instabilities led to a military coup in March 1964. Under the pretext of restoring order, the coup resulted in a dictatorship that lasted for more than two decades.

From a historical point of view, this was a period of exception. From an economic perspective, it is widely accepted that the policies of the military government have led to one of the most remarkable periods of growth

48 The houses of SUEZ in Brazil

In 1975, after leaving the pioneering office on both in the district of Socorro. For some time, the Brigadeiro Tobias Street, in Sao Paulo, Degrémont office also operated on Ptolemy Street, but in the settled in Alameda Santos, a region of Avenida Paulista, 1990s it once again had its own facilities on Nove de São Paulo’s main economic and financial center at Julho Avenue, while the factory moved to Cajamar, in that time, and to this day one of the most important São Paulo, where it is still today. addresses in the city. The office moved to the current address at the Steel The administrative and design team, while in the Business Center in the Jabaquara region, in April 2010. factory, were located on Amambaí street, in Vila Maria, north of the capital, where small pieces were produced and stocked for the equipment that came from abroad. In the 1980s, the manufacturing facilities Some of SUEZ headquarters in Sao Paulo. On the previous page, the facade of the building that houses the offices today. were transferred to the region of Santo Amaro, first Above, old houses that housed Degrémont - from left to the right, the headquarters in Vila Maria (Ferreira to Domingos Jorge Street and then to Ptolemy Street, Viana street) and in the Help (Ptolemy street). Below, the current headquarters of the factory, in Canjamar (SP). Water and sanitation

To a large extent, Degrémont’s expansion in Brazil From that period and until the 1990s, Degrémont objective would be the manufacture of machinery and From the outset, the resources of Finame could was indirectly related to the creation, in 1964, of constructed several other treatment plants in equipment for basic and environmental sanitation, only be requested by Brazilian companies that had the National Housing Bank (BNH). Although the states such as Bahia, Piauí, Paraná, Rio Grande do parts and accessories, such as pumps, dosers, manufacturing facilities within national territory. main purpose of the agency was to finance home Sul and São Paulo, as well as expanded the WTP removers and slurry presses. A new administrative ownership for the middle and lower classes of in Brasília. Degrémont created partnerships with headquarters was set up at Alameda Santos, in the As Degrémont’s projects became more sophisticated, the population, it had attributions relevant to Brazilian contractors who carried out the civil works Paulista Avenue area, and a manufacturing plant was geared towards the industrial segment, obtaining urbanization, such as construction and road paving, and provided new technologies and equipment that constructed in the northern area of São Paulo. these loans was an important strategic differential. electricity and sanitation, precisely the sector in soon would also be manufactured in Brazil, after The loans were one reason why the existence of the which Degrémont had developed know-how. It was an international operation that led to the union with The manufacturing or even the nationalization of factory was justified, although this was contrary to a huge market, considering that at the time, there Barbará Metallurgical. the equipment was fundamental for Degrémont Degrémont’s operations internationally. was a deficit of 50% in water supply and 70% in the to be able to receive incentives and low interest sewage service in Brazil. The origins of this process refer to 1969, when financing made available by organizations such as Lyonnaise des Eaux merged with Generale des Eaux of the Financing Fund for the Acquisition of Industrial The situation became even more promising with the the Pont-à-Mousson Group, which in turn had joined Machines and Equipment (Finame), linked to BNDES. establishment, in 1971, of the National Sanitation Saint Gobain, which also had a number of companies Plan (Planasa), responsible for expanding sanitation in Brazil, like Brasilit and Barbará - and which were coverage throughout the country through the creation the same shareholders of the old EBA. of the State Water and Sewage Companies (CEAEs). Despite being state-owned enterprises, the CEAEs In 1972, Lyonnaise des Eaux acquired control of were at the same time subject to the federal guidelines Degrémont, which is why the Brazilian subsidiary and concessionaires of municipal sanitation services, would be temporarily incorporated by Barbará under a monopoly regime. Metallurgical, a foundry that produced various types of equipment, such as tubes and valves. The Barbará Degrémont won many projects to develop or improve factory was a few blocks from Degrémont’s office drinking water supply and wastewater treatment on the corner of Jurupis and Jamaris streets, also systems with recently created state-owned in Moema, and the Degrémont team was moved enterprises. One example of these works included there, giving rise to the so-called Water Treatment the Alto do Céu WTP, in Recife (PE). Pernambuco Division (DTA). This configuration brought important Sanitation Company (Compesa) had completed the advantages, since Barbará Metallurgical, a company construction of the Station in 1965, replacing the that was more than 30 years old, had a good reputation old infrastructure that collected water from the and customer base in the country. Beberibe River, and Degrémont was responsible for the installation of flocculators, decanters and dosing In 1975, due to the international shareholder structure, equipment capable of treating a thousand liters of it was decided to separate the companies, with the water per second. creation of the Brazilian Degrémont, whose social The creation of the National Development Bank (NDB) in late 1960, stimulated the verticalization of São Paulo.

52 53 Internationalization

In 1970s and 1980s, from the operations of Degrémont In , Degrémont was responsible for the paper in Brazil, services began to be exported to other mill UPM (Former Metsia Botnia) plant located in Fray South American countries. In Peru, for example, Bentos and, in 2011, it established a partnership with Degrémont worked on the Chavimochic Project - a a local contractor for the design and construction gigantic system to transport water from the Amazon of water treatment and effluent treatment plants region for irrigation of desert areas, where crops for a new cellulose factory for the Montes del Plata such as asparagus and tomatoes are grown today. company, located in Punta Pereira.

More recently, the large desalination plant built at an The Brazilian Degrémont also built water treatment altitude of 2600 meters in Antofagasta, in the north of plants in and , in the Dominican Chile, is heralded for the international team participation Republic (Central America) and Angola (Africa). of Chilean, Argentinean and Brazilian professionals.

Wastewater Treatment Plant of La Farfana-Chile.

54 Industrial consolidation

The model that drove Brazil’s great economic growth in association between the State, international companies the 1960s and 1970s was based on credit and foreign and Brazilian groups. investments, which were attracted by political and economic stability. Most of these resources migrated to For the industrial complex to work properly, more industrial production, so that the sector was considered than the main raw material, oil, and infrastructure the main driver of growth. Between 1968 and 1974, the investments were needed. All petroleum production, manufacturing industry grew by more than 14% per transportation and refining operations require water year. Durable goods, with an emphasis on the appliance and, therefore, the water segment became one of the and automotive sectors, rose over 25% per year. main areas of activity for Degrémont in Brazil, either to provide the industry with specific water resources, or to This expansion attracted several multinational treat the residual waters. companies, either in the form of subsidiaries or in the formation of partnerships between national and foreign Alongside the oil and petrochemical sector, other firms, often also with governmental participation, such industrial segments on the rise in the period were as the petroleum, chemical and petrochemical sector. fundamental for the consolidation and expansion of The Government, through Petrobras, had a monopoly Degrémont, such as the steel industry. In this case, on prospection, exploration and refining of oil, and was water is also needed in different stages of the process: responsible for the implementation of large refineries blast furnace gas cleaning, cooling and re-circulation in Minas Gerais, the interior of São Paulo, Paraná and of blast furnaces and furnace systems, oil removal, Rio Grande do Sul. The increased availability of naphtha decantation, filtration, cooling and casting, and the and other products obtained from oil and natural gas, rolling process. stimulated the rest of the petrochemical value chain, with first (basic petrochemicals, such as ethylene and In 1971, in response to the great domestic demand for propylene), second (resins, such as PET and PVC) and steel, the National Steel Plan (PSN) was launched, with a third generation industries (utensils in general, such as goal to quadruple production through the development, bottles, tubes, packaging, etc.). expansion or improvement of several companies, such as CSN, Usiminas, Cosipa, Açominas and CST. Several With the exception of the pre-existing raw material of them became customers of Degrémont, thanks to plant in São Paulo, Petroquímica União, the other the offer of the best technologies and solutions, with first-generation projects were implemented in Bahia the support of the research center in France. (Northeastern Petrochemical Complex - Copene) and Rio Grande do Sul (Southern Petrochemical Complex Degrémont was quick to consolidate its position as one Beginning of the work of the water treatment - Copesul). Large industrial support industries were of the most important partners in Brazilian industry. plant (WTP) of the Southern Petrochemical Company (Copesul) in Triumph (RS) in the developed including the second-generation companies years 1980. using the so-called tripartite model, or by the

56 Leadership in the petroleum and petrochemical sector

Various types of industrial segments require specific In the early 2000s, new WTPs in refineries were treatments of the water used in their processes. Industrial deployed to modernize processes and reduce gasoline process water must be free, not only from impurities, and diesel sulfur and pollutant emissions. At Revap but from certain elements that could potentially cause (Henrique Lage refinery, in São José dos Campos, Vale damage to the equipment or the final product. Water to do Paraíba), it sought to meet the increase in steam feed boilers, must be demineralized, since mineral waste demand from the refinery’s production units. At Replan can adhere to the pipes, hampering their operation. (Paulínia Refinery), the objective was to supply ultrapure water to increase production capacity, through a unit Water quality demands are particularly high in the with reverse osmosis technology. petroleum and petrochemical sector. Degrémont deployed demineralization systems in most Brazilian Today, Replan is Petrobras’ largest oil processing refinery. refineries and at the raw materials center of the southern petrochemical complex, Copesul built the largest water station in the Southern Hemisphere at beginning of the 1980s, including decantation, filtration, and ion exchange processes. Water for steelmakers

Steel mills also require special systems for the The National Steel Company (CSN) houses the largest treatment of water for cooling and recirculation, as well Degrémont projects in the segment with three Water as clarification and effluent treatment systems. Treatment Plants (WTP) built between the 1970s and 1980s. Degrémont was present in all major steel projects in Brazil. One of the most emblematic cases was that of In 2017, SUEZ also won a major project at CNS for reuse Usiminas, in which, in addition to providing water for of water used in the production of carbochemicals. production, the Degremont system also provided water to the city of Ipatinga (MG), where the plant was located. Change To Survive

It is not by chance that the Paraná River has this name, which, in Tupi, means similar to the sea. The main part of the Prata Basin is almost five thousand kilometers long. It is the eighth largest river in the world in this respect, only losing, in South America, to the Amazonas. When it reaches the border with Argentina, Paraná plunges into the fabulous Iguaçu Falls, elected one of the seven wonders of the world in 2012.

The hydroelectric potential of the Paraná River is also very large. Four hydroelectric plants were built to harness the river’s great power: Jupiá, Ilha Solteira, Porto Primavera and the gigantic Itaipu Binacional, on the border with Paraguay.

The construction of Itaipu began in 1974 and was considered a “work of Hercules” by the North American magazine Popular Mechanics. The world’s largest hydroelectric plant was inaugurated on November 5, 1982, with the reservoir already formed, after more than 50 thousand hours of work. n the early 1970s, a conjunction of geopolitical skyrocketed, seriously compromising the model that factors triggered a slowdown in the world economy, had sustained the great economic growth of the country. Ia situation that worsened with the first oil crisis. Between 1973 and 1974, OPEC, an organization that There was also a survival phase, with the government integrates oil producing and exporting countries, trying to keep the modernization project, which was raised the price per barrel from $ 2.8 to $ 9.46. It halfway through, at all costs, even if it required even was the end of the growth cycle of the postwar world more indebtedness. However, in 1979, came the fatal economy, leading to the worst economic period since blow with a second oil crisis that plunged Brazil into the Great Depression of 1929. a serious recession. External debt jumped from $ 12 billion in 1973 to $ 64 billion in 1980, and inflation rose In Brazil, the situation was extremely difficult. First, from 4% in 1976 to 110% in 1980. In 1983, it reached because of the dependence on imported oil, the country 200% and in 1985, reached almost 300% a year, beating produced only about 30% of the demand internally. a historic record. Then – and especially – because the world economic Throughout history, man instability made external resources scarce and raised international interest, Brazilian debt and inflation has had to fight nature to survive; in this century he is beginning to realize that, to survive, he must protect it.

Jacques Cousteau

(1910 - 1997 - Oceanographer, explorer, conservationist, documentary filmmaker and French filmmaker, pioneer in the fight for marine conservation

In 1988, under the command of Mr. Ulysses Guimarães (PMDB-SP), was promulgated the “Citizen´s Constitution”. At the time, Ulysses announced: “I declare promulgated the document of freedom, democracy and social justice of Brazil”.

65 But not all the news was bad. Financial unrest finally The lost decade nickname only applies to economic Demonstration in Brasilia during the campaign undermined the stability of the military regime, conditions, since in other sectors there have been for direct election for president in 1984. provoking a political-institutional rupture that paved significant advances. The 1988 Constitution, considered the way for redemocratization. In 1984, a great the Citizen’s Constitution, reiterated social achievements popular campaign took control of the main capitals and paved the way for intensifying the discussion in the of the country by the return of direct elections for country on the question of sustainability. president, Diretas-já. It was no longer possible to look naturally at the The 1985 election, although still indirect, President degradation of ecosystems and consider it only as Tancredo Neves was nominated by the National the unpleasant side effect of progress. A change of Congress. However, it put a civilian back in the position was urgently needed, in which the tools and presidency of the Republic after 20 years of generals. know-how of Degrémont and other Group companies Tancredo died before his inauguration and was replaced would be great allies. by his vice-president, José Sarney, who followed the promises of major structural changes in what he called the New Republic.

The first and most urgent issue to address was inflation, a major threat to the country’s development. The government’s economic team developed a shock treatment with heterodox economic shocks. First, came the Cruzado Plan, then the Summer Plan, then the Bresser, all unable to solve the problem and drive growth again. Due to the challenging economic conditions, the 1980s were labeled a lost decade.

66 Breaking paradigms

In 1983, the international press reported with much and processes for emission control and treatment of fanfare and concern what happened in Cubatão, in effluents already adopted in other countries. the Baixada Santista, coast of the state of São Paulo. The UN had declared the city as the most polluted in It was then that Degrémont’s international expertise the world, a veritable valley of death. The nickname in the implementation and management of industrial reflected the dangerous emission rates of harmful wastewater treatment systems became evident, which gases that, in that year, exceeded 500 mcg/m3 per day would be one of the main focuses of the company’s (the current standard of quality of Brazilian legislation performance in the future. A project at the Cubatão pole, for the 24-hour interval is a maximum of 150 mcg/m3). for Cosipa (now Usiminas), was completed during this In addition to generating very serious health problems period to treat slush in steelworks. The transformation for the population, such as children born with birth of pig iron into steel results in a dust that was defects such as anencephaly and various pulmonary precipitated by equipment that sprinkled water, and the diseases, the situation was also catastrophic, both resulting mud was discarded without treatment in the environmentally and socially. Santos estuary. Degrémont used internationally known technologies to treat this sludge, which then ceased to The city had been chosen in the 1960s to house a major be an environmental problem. industrial hub because it is halfway between the capital and the port of Santos, the largest in the country. The Still within the industrial segment, the Degrémont’s city also had adequate access to water. It was also participation in the paper industry deserves special believed to be positive that the city was in a valley mention. The manufacture of pulp and paper requires protected by the Serra do Mar, although it was later careful treatment before and after consumption, due to argued that the geographic configuration hindered the the large amount of water required for the manufacturing dispersion of pollutants, increasing the deterioration of process and the generation of highly polluted waste. For the slope forest and the contamination of mangroves this reason, Degrémont services are used in almost all Cubatão in the years 1980 and currently. and rivers. All these aspects worsened living conditions the major companies in the paper sector in Brazil, with of the population, which, attracted by the prospect of technologies fully adapted to their needs. The coastal city of São Paulo was considered the most polluted in the world in the years 1980, employment in a time of widespread economic crisis, becoming a landmark of the paradigm shift flowed in large numbers from the North and Northeast towards the environment in Brazil. regions, crowding into communities without the adequate infrastructure and high social risk.

The situation was so dramatic that in 1983, São Paulo’s governor, Franco Montoro, launched a program to control air quality, water and soil pollution, whereby companies in the region were forced to use the same equipment

68 69 Leadership in the pulp and paper sector

Degrémont grew along with the pulp and paper sector in Only between 1965 and 1985 did the country’s forest Brazil, since the country was a pioneer in the production production area jump from 500,000 to approximately 4.5 of short fiber pulp, produced from eucalyptus in the million hectares, which required efforts by the industry 1950s and 1960s. If Brazilian paper mills previously to seek socio-environmental sustainability, both in depended on the import of pulp, soon Brazil would plantations and in industrial processes. be transformed into one of the largest producers and exporters of pulp and paper. Degrémont has always been one of the most active companies in the construction and operation of water For this to be possible, large integrated projects of treatment and sewage plants in many pulp and paper eucalyptus plantations and pulp production took place mills, both in Brazil and in several countries in Latin in various . America, Central America and Africa. Montes del Plata Plant, in Uruguay Death and life of urban waters

In addition to the changes in the means of production, One of the responses to this problem was the also provided equipment and technology to other Until the early 1990s, Paranoá was considered the the 1980s also brought new positions in relation to the development of the so-called Sanitation Master Plan Sabesp stations in São Caetano, Parque Novo Mundo worst urban lake in the country and one of the worst urban environment, although this issue had already for São Paulo (Sanegran), developed in 1976. Although and São Miguel Paulista. in the world, with fetid and murky waters - you could been noticed in previous decades in the largest and most the first major sanitation plans for São Paulo emerged not see anything more than 50 centimeters from the industrialized cities in the country, such as São Paulo. in the previous decade, only with the creation of the It is true that the Tietê river problem still persists, surface. Several actions, including the WWTPs provided Basic Sanitation Company of the State of São Paulo although in the last decades small improvements by Degrémont, completely reversed the situation. The capital of São Paulo emerged and developed due to (Sabesp) in 1973, an effective policy in the area began have been achieved. Brazil has seen other cases the rivers and streams of the Tietê basin. In the origins of to be drawn up with Sanegran. It established that, by that have already had a positive result, such as Lake Today, totally sanitized, Lake Paranoá has a bathing rate city, they were even used as access roads to the interior. 2000, 90% of the metropolitan population should rely Paranoá, in Brasilia. Degrémont returned to the above 93%, an index considered exceptionally good. It At the beginning of the 20th century, Tietê and Pinheiros on services of collection, interception and treatment Federal District to build the Wastewater Treatment is a center for leisure, fishing, water sports and even were home to various leisure activities: their wetlands of sewage (at the time, the percentage was only 35%). Plants (WWTP) Lago Sul and Lago Norte for the diving and its waters are also used for the public supply (várzeas) were occupied by football fields (which, in Water and Sewage Company of Brasília (Caesb), as a of the population of the Federal District. Lake Paranoá fact, gave rise to the term várzea soccer), there were Sanegran envisaged the construction of three fundamental part of an exemplary depollution system is a great example for Brazil and the world. capybaras and many other animals, fruit trees and a large treatment plants in Greater São Paulo: in the of the city’s postcard. variety of plants. Such a pleasant environment attracted municipalities of Suzano, Barueri and São Caetano. elegant clubs, which promoted regattas and memorable It was considered too ambitious at the time, since the swimming championships in the waters of the rivers. initial design of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Barueri had gigantic dimensions, intending to treat As the metropolis grew, however, it punished its rivers, 60 cubic meters per second. Therefore, the Sanegran rectifying them and dumping effluents. In the 1940s, Mário was on paper for more than a decade. de Andrade said in the long poem A Meditação (Meditation) on the Tietê, about the “cursed” and “deadly” waters: It was only in the late 1980s, in the wake of popular “Underneath the admirable arch of Ponte das Bandeiras campaigns to clean up the Tietê, organized by various the river murmurs in a heavy and oily water.” entities, including the newly created nongovernmental organization SOS Mata Atlântica that Sanegran began In the 1970s, the situation was critical, as it is evident to be implemented in new bases that restructured ETE in a recently rediscovered documentary - Ciência Viva: Barueri and considered the construction of other units. Poluição das Águas (Live Science: Water Pollution)–, produced by TV Cultura in partnership with the WWTP Barueri station, inaugurated in 1988, Foundation for Research Support of São Paulo (Fapesp). contained the largest effluent treatment system In a solemn tone, well in the style of the time, the narrator ever constructed in the world. The design was by announced: “Reflecting the situation of public calamity Degrémont. The company provided the technologies that astonishes us, every day the newspapers of São of anaerobic digestion, densification and dewatering

Paulo publish in the headlines the harrowing reality that of sludge by means of filter presses, from the direct The Tietê river, one of the main rivers of São Paulo, has been used for sports plagues the largest industrial center in Latin America.” consulting of the head office in France. Degrémont pratice. Today it is unthinkable, because the river suffered severe pollution process, which only began to be mitigated in the years 1980.

72 73 “Water from my Tietê, Where do you want to take me? -River that enters the land And that keeps me from the sea... It’s night. And it’s all night. Under the admirable arch From the bridge of the flags the river Murmurs in an heavy and oily water.”

Mario de Andrade, Meditation on the Tietê (1945) Works

The project works Sanegran, in São Paulo, with the presence of Degrémont.

Above: Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Parque Novo mundo.

Below: Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Barueri

75 View of the JK bridge crossing Lake Paranoá, in Brasilia (DF), about ten years after the Lake Revitalization.

Treatment Station of the South and North Wings in Brasilia, Degrémont projects.

77

Treatment of urban waters

Between 1980 and 1990, despite all the short-term provided mechanical equipment for the Taiaçupeba difficulties, Degrémont deployed, throughout Brazil, Treatment Station (Sabesp), which is an integral part several Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) for public of the Alto Tietê Production System, responsible for systems or provided vital equipment for WTP operations. supplying the East Zone of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, as well as the municipalities of Poá, Suzano, Several Degremont WTPs including Pedra do Cavalo Brás Cubas, Mogi das Cruzes and Arujá. (Embasa – BA), Teresina (Agespisa – PI), Iguaçu (Sanepar – PR) and São João (DMAE – RS) were part of the expansion. In Greater São Paulo, Degremont Diversify and Grow

Despite the important achievements throughout the During the brief Collor government, significant steps 1980s in Brazil, Degrémont felt the consequences were taken to bring Brazil to a new position in the of the economic crisis. The recession made major world’s geopolitical atmosphere. Brazil’s new position works projects scarce and it was necessary to can be seen in the choice of Rio de Janeiro to host resort to complex financial engineering so that the the first conference on the environment, Eco-92. On value borrowed for the projects was not completely that occasion, representatives from more than 170 eroded by inflation. To maintain the financial health countries met to discuss issues related to sustainable of the company, containment measures were taken, development, an achievement previously unheard of. such as demobilizing the offices located in Alameda The signing of Agenda 21, which defined the goals Santos, in the capital of São Paulo, and centralizing all for improving the planet’s environmental conditions, management at the plant in Santo Amaro. reiterated the relevance of the event, also raising the importance of its host in a global context. Only in the early 1990s did the picture begin to improve, with a new cycle of major economic changes in the country. In the 1989 presidential election, the first direct one after the military dictatorship, Fernando Collor de Mello won with a liberalizing proposal. At the beginning of the following year, the Brazilian economy was still in a state of shock and another economic plan was launched to improve conditions. This time it was necessary to completely revise the market structure, breaking with the state- protectionist model that only worked because of innumerable market reserve measures that no longer Nevertheless, in economic terms, the process initiated made sense. Therefore, the government program by Collor was only completed in the following decades. also opened and modernized the economy, reduced The Real Plan, launched in 1994, during the management the role of the state, and ended incentives, subsidies, of Itamar Franco, gradually and finally managed and special production regulations. to stabilize inflation. During the administrations of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, economic modernization In the short term, the Collor Plan failed in the same measures were fundamental, such as the National way as its predecessors. In 1992, when the president Privatization Program (PND), which affected key resigned after the impeachment process began due to sectors such as telecommunications, energy and serious allegations of corruption, inflation reached an steel, and banks and state-owned railway companies. unbelievable 1,158% per year. Between 1990 and 2002, 165 state companies were passed to private control, either totally or partially.

80 Openness, deregulation and privatization have problem was the constant lack of treated water, due to warmed the market, attracting the interest of many the low reserves and a huge percentage of losses. After foreign companies, from various industrial sectors a few years under private management, the situation and also from services. For Degrémont, many O&M would be completely reversed, with Limeira conquering (Operation and Maintenance) projects appeared, the universalization of water and sewage services and especially with the new vehicle assemblers that were the revitalization of the hydrographic basin. being started in the country. In addition to providing the engineering and construction of the plants for In the meantime, however, many events marked the water and effluent treatment, Degrémont was also trajectory of the Group in Brazil, which, from 1997, with responsible for operations. the merger between Lyonnaise des Eaux and Companie de SUEZ, was renamed SUEZ Lyonnaise des Eaux. Another possibility that was opened was to work in the concession area for the provision of public water The first was the entry into the segment of urban solid and sewage services in the Brazilian municipalities, in waste, with the purchase, in 1998, of Vega, one of the which the group was an international reference, through pioneers in the Brazilian private public cleaning service. Lyonnaise des Eaux. Because of the way the industry Created in the first half of the 1970s, Vega initially served had been structured in Brazil, around state and local the city of São Paulo, but by that time it was already one authorities, it had not been possible for the company to of the main companies in the country’s segment, acting enter the Brazilian market until then. as a collector and conveyor of solid urban waste, and also with related services, such as sweeping streets. In 1995, however, under the Concessions Law, which Transformed into Vega Engenharia Ambiental, the authorized the concession of services to the private company became the largest private operator of waste sector, Lyonnaise des Eaux do Brasil signed the first in Brazil, present in 15 cities and serving approximately contract for the full concession of water and sewage in 20 million people. the country, valid for 30 years, to act in Limeira (SP), which covered the service to a population of approximately Shortly after the acquisition of Vega in 2000, another 200 thousand inhabitants. In order to execute the chance emerged to become a concessionaire of water services, the Águas de Limeira concessionaire was set and sanitation services. This time, in a region beyond up in partnership with Brazilian Company of Projects emblematic, in the state of Amazonas. Until then, the and Works (CBPO) - later acquired by the Odebrecht capital Manaus was served by the State Company of Organization - which assumed full responsibility for Amazonas (Cosama), which had investments in the managing the services of abstraction, production and supply sector, but with visible deficits in the supply supply of treated water, as well as collection, removal of drinking water and sanitary sewage. There were and treatment of sewage and final disposal of sludge. no supply structures in several neighborhoods of the city, which is why part of the population had become Until that time, only 2% of the city’s sewage was treated - accustomed to drinking well water, without treatment, that is, virtually all wastes were dumped in the rivers and which meant the spread of diseases. streams of the region, which caused pollution. Another

83 In June 2000, at an auction held on the Rio de Janeiro But in a few years, it would realize the need to Stock Exchange, SUEZ Lyonnaise des Eaux acquired rethink its performance in the country and redirect the shareholding control of Cosama, creating the its strategy. company Águas do Amazonas, which became responsible for supplying the city and the industrial pole of the region.

The SUEZ Group was beginning the new century and millennium with many plans and expectations for Brazil, as well as for all of South America, where it had been embracing different businesses.

Manaus is the capital of the state of Amazonas,that is, in the center of the largest rainforest in the world. In the picture, meeting of the Black and Solimões rivers, which follows for miles without the water mixing.

84 State-of-the-art technology in the Amazon

One of the first measures of the concessionaire Águas The technology is applied worldwide in cases where do Amazonas was to focus on improving the quality there is a great presence of organic sediments, providing of the water produced at the treatment plants. In a greater clarification index, as is the case in the Rio WTP 1, which had a conventional treatment process, Negro. The technology works by injecting air into the modern mechanical sludge extraction systems were bottom of the reservoir which, with the aid of coagulant implemented, and adjustments were made to the products, causes the organic particles to form a foam dosing system, guided by an extensive study of the that rises to the surface from which it is easily removed. physicochemical and bacteriological characteristics of the Rio Negro waters. In WTP 2, a treatment process Rictor technology, of which Degrémont was the originally performed with a direct filtration system, an owner, resulted in an excellent standard of distributed unprecedented flotation system was installed that works water quality in relation to the high color and turbidity by dissolved air. parameters of the raw water of the Rio Negro. Vega and the waste issue

Vega originated in São Paulo as an engineering company. the anaerobic fermentation of organic garbage to supply In 1974 it started waste collection and sweeping of the fleet of municipal buses of the then Metropolitan public streets and public places, a service that had Collective Transportation Company (CMTC). The Project been carried out by third parties in the city since the was initiated in 1978, with the collaboration of Vega and late 1960s. other companies in the sector.

In 1975, the company was responsible for more than This was an opportunity in Brazil to apply a waste 30% of the waste collection in the municipality, being recovery technology for renewable energy generation the absolute leader among private companies, since developed by SITA and used in countries such as France, the city hall still accounted for about another 30%. Australia and the United Kingdom. In these countries, discarded materials are an input for the generation of One of the actions supported by Vega was the use of gas biomethane used in power plants. Process by-products, from landfills as fuel. After the successive oil crises, the such as metals and ashes, can be recycled, generating demand for energy alternatives was increasing. As the other products. waste dumps were being replaced by landfills in São Paulo, a project to exploit the methane gas produced by The Country Of The Present

All the adjectives to describe São Paulo are as superlative as the city itself. The largest financial, corporate and commercial center in the Southern Cone, São Paulo has more than 22 million inhabitants in its metropolitan area. It is the most populous municipality in Brazil and the Americas and the seventh most populous in the world; the 14th most globalized city on the planet; 10th GDP and the most cosmopolitan in the country, with inhabitants from more than 190 different nationalities.

Likewise, the challenges of São Paulo are also mega: management of energy resources, mobility, environmental quality and well-being of the population, as in other megacities of the planet, are some of the issues that have been discussed in recent years by managers and citizens. The solutions certainly go through the concept of Smart Cities, whereby the environment has to be integrated with environmental engineering.

The inspiration came from cities like Paris, Barcelona, Casablanca, New York, Beijing, Melbourne or Santiago, where SUEZ has developed innovative consulting and engineering solutions to address technical, financial, environmental and social challenges. n Jorge Amado’s first novel, The Country of of the new century that made Masi come to this Carnival, published in 1931, the main character, conclusion were in fact impressive. I Paulo Rigger, returned to Brazil after a season in Paris and, landing in Rio de Janeiro in the middle of It was a process that began with the Real Plan, in the carnival, is impressed by everything he sees. The 1994, consolidated in the governments of Fernando narrative continues, until, at a certain point, there is Henrique Cardoso (1995 to 2002) and reached the a dialogue in which the phrase that would become apex in the managements of Luís Inácio Lula da iconic about Brazil is said: “It is the country with the Silva (2002 to 2010). In this period, the Brazilian greatest future in the world.” macroeconomy was marked by the maintenance of inflationary indexes at a reasonable level, Exactly 10 years later the German, Stefan Zweig, by adopting sectoral policies and stimulating published Brazil: Land of the Future, with travel credit for production and consumption, by impressions after being forced to leave his homeland reducing unemployment and high investments in at the height of Adolf Hitler’s rule. Delighted with infrastructure, in addition to social policies that Brazil, with the culture of its people and its potential expanded the social protection system defined in Brazil is open to the new wealth, Zweig coined the expression that, according the 1988 Constitution. The policy of encouraging to his biographer, the journalist Alberto Dines, would exports, in particular, was benefited by the warming and to change. And even be converted into a national epithet. of international demand for commodities, especially China, leading to trade balance records - in 2011, in the worst moments Over the ensuing decades, the epithet became a sort exports surpassed imports by more than 30 billion of curse - as the country sprouted forward, no one dollars and, in 2012, Brazil moved to the sixth place it faces reality with cared about the present. Until, in 2014, Domenico de in the world economic ranking, a position that Masi decreed: The Future is Here. was previously occupied by the United Kingdom, positive feeling. considering the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In the book of that title, the Italian sociologist Domenico de Masi analyzed different models of society and highlighted

(1938 – Historian and Italian the Brazilian as something that should be followed sociologist and honorary citizen by other countries. According to him, cultural of Rio de Janeiro) miscegenation, religious syncretism and the peaceful way in which Brazilians usually solve problems, would be the main qualities that transformed Brazil in the present country, despite the serious socioeconomic problems that persisted.

Obviously, all these visions of Brazil were, and are, loaded with ideological meanings that cannot be considered here. What can be said without fear of error is that the changes of Brazil at the beginning

93 These policies generated extremely positive Particularly with regard to natural resources, this macroeconomic balances, even in the face of a crisis boom led to massive investments in infrastructure, scenario in the world economy from 2007-2008, which would once again represent a new milestone turning Brazil into an important global investment in the expansion of Degrémont and other businesses center and, consequently, allowed the country to linked to the SUEZ Group. assume the regional leadership role, including requesting a seat in the UN Security Council.

To a large extent, these positive results were due, on the one hand, to agricultural commodities - meat, soy, coffee and sugar - and, on the other hand, to products derived from the exploitation of natural resources, especially iron ore and crude oil.

94 Big opportunities: oil, mining and pulp

In 2006, experts confirmed the existence of oil reserves releasing highly toxic gases, harmful to human health, of extremely high potential in the Brazilian pre-salt areas the environment and the oil itself, which becomes off shore. It is an extensive area between the coasts of acidic and thus loses refining value. Not to mention the states of Espírito Santo and São Paulo, dominated by that acidification increases operating costs due to clayey rocks of great hydrocarbon generation capacity. equipment corrosion. In the following years, supergiant fields (with potentially over one billion barrels) were discovered in the Santos The solution was to use produced water, water that Basin pre-salt. comes along with oil. This water was separated and treated with chemicals on the platform before being The news had a strong impact on the entire sector, injected to prevent bacterial growth and proliferation. pushing big investments to allow the exploitation of From 2006 onwards the technology of sea water the reserves and imposing changes in the monopoly nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, began to be used. The exercised by Petrobras. The change in the regulatory technology began to be developed in the late 1980s framework in 2010, allowed private companies, national oil rigs in the North Sea and is characterized by the and foreign, to act in a shared manner. Indirectly, use of membranes capable of selectively removing this has also become a great growth opportunity for sulfate in the water from the injection of oil wells. This The Brazilian pre-salt reserves are estimated at 80 billion barrels of oil and gas, what promoted the country the sixty-largest reserves holder in the world. In the photo, SRU module for the P-71 platform, type FPSO. companies related to shipbuilding and other support process allows greater pressure for the extraction and, segments such as water management. consequently, increases the oil production. In 2014, Degrémont also won bids to build sulfate removal international demand for commodities, was the mining Thus, began another cycle of intense development of Quickly, Petrobras began to demand the use of the and reverse osmosis units for oil dilution at Jurong Shipyard segment. For Degrémont, the mining sector developed the Group in Brazil. To explore the pre-salt oil reserves, technology in all its platforms, including floating in Espírito Santo, responsible for the FPSO type platforms into a close partnership with Vale, with which large floating units are needed, capable of operating at a facilities called FPSO (Floating Production Storage and P68 and P71s, destined for the Lula and Sapinhoá fields, O&M (Operation and Maintenance) contracts were distance of more than 150 kilometers from the coast, Offloading). In 2011, Degrémont qualified to provide in the pre-salt cluster of the Santos Basin. carried out. by drilling extensive sedimentary rocks and salt layers systems to be installed on these structures and, two until reaching the oil reservoirs. Reservoirs that are years later, won a major contract for the supply of units These opportunities broadened Degrémont’s long- Vale was founded in 1942 by President Getúlio Vargas not exactly wells, as common-sense imagines. The oil for the removal of sulfate from two replicating platforms standing partnership with Petrobras, which was as a state-owned company and was privatized in becomes impregnated in the rock, as if it were a sponge, under construction at Angra dos Reis Shipyard, of already strong in the downstream segment for refining 1997 under the FHC government. Since then, it has and to remove it, water must be injected under pressure Keppels Fels, a world leader in offshore platform design. and logistics and would become one of the most become the second largest mining company in the to create a vacuum that expels oil from the rock. P66 and P69 were designed to have 1,250 nanofiltration important pillars of the company’s operations in Brazil world, the largest iron ore producer and one of the membranes each and reverse osmosis units for water from the 2010 decade. largest logistic operators. However, it is not possible to use sea water without production for oil dilution. treatment, as this causes the proliferation of bacteria Another pillar of the greatest importance and, In Espírito Santo, Vale maintains its largest industrial that metabolize the sulfate present in sea water, as it turned out, rapid growth in Brazil due to the complex in the country. With a physical area of 17

96 97 thousand square kilometers, the Tubarão Complex In this period marked by great achievements in strategic has the largest rail yard in Latin America and eight sectors, Degrémont still played a significant role in ore pelletizing plants, as well as operating and service another key segment of the Brazilian economy - pulp units, which employ about 13 thousand people. and paper. In addition to the internationally developed projects in this area, coordinated by Degrémont in Brazil, In 2005, Degrémont was responsible for the operation the work contracted by Suzano for the implementation of the effluent, sanitary and industrial treatment plants of a second pulp processing line at the Mucuri (BA) throughout the complex and, as of 2007, included unit - formerly Bahia Sul, between 2005 and 2007 was conservation services, operational monitoring and highlighted. It was one of the largest projects ever corrective and preventive maintenance in the equipment. carried out in the area, with the WTP reform to account for the increase in raw water treatment capacity and the Thanks to this partnership, Vale achieved a water reuse treatment and dehydration of the sludge generated in index of more than 80% in the Tubarão Complex, which every season. In addition, Degrémont has implemented led Vale to constantly extend and expand the contract a demineralized water supply system for the new boiler. with Degrémont.

Water Treatment Plant of Suzano Papel e Celulose in Mucuri (BA).

Operation and Maintenance of Vale Tubarão (ES)

98 Learning, legacy and betting

If Degrémont’s achievements were already so sized cities in Latin America, the Caribbean, Africa contractual model that has been adopted in Brazil in Finally, in the process of expansion of SUEZ Environnement, relevant, a number of other opportunities would and Asia, mainly through public-private partnerships projects of this nature, the Performance Contracts. in 2008, the French group Boone Comenor Metalimpex enter the scene for other SUEZ Group businesses (PPPs). In Brazil, Lysa was contracted by Sabesp in Basically, it is about sharing risks, that is, the company was acquired from the area of recycling and disposal of from this upgrade of the country’s economy, following 1993 to prepare a complete diagnosis of the loss of contracted to identify and mitigate losses is remunerated clean industrial waste (ferrous and non-ferrous metals). the company’s own internationalization strategy. treated water index in the Metropolitan Region of São through the results obtained. The group, whose origins date back to 1899, was already Paulo. The result was alarming: about 44% of the operating in Brazil providing metal recycling services to At that moment – remembering – the Group was water produced by Sabesp was lost, either with leaks, the automobile industry since 2007. also undergoing major transformations: after irregular deviations or other problems. The Non- the establishment of SUEZ Lyonnaise des Eaux Revenue Water Reduction Program was launched, in 1997, the focus was on water, energy, waste which, after several reprints, is still active today. and communications markets. The participation in the Águas de Limeira and Águas do Amazonas During this time, Lysa integrated several PPPs, in concessions and the Vega acquisition were therefore several Brazilian states, including in a partnership in line with this strategy. with ETEP, always acting in the losses segment. It actually established an office in Vitória (ES), until, in Between 2005 and 2006, however, a series of 2005, it became an independent company specializing contingencies led SUEZ Environnement and Vega in various operation and consulting services in the to stop participating in water, sanitation and waste water and sanitation sector. concessions in Brazil. One of the main reasons for Since then, Sabesp, in São Paulo, has become one of This, however, although it is a market with immense this was the delay in defining regulatory milestones. The activities of the SUEZ Group in this segment the largest customers of the loss recovery service, potential in the country, still faces complex issues, Since 1991, for example, proceeding through the continued through Águas de Barcelona (Agbar), a with projects of great repercussion, such as in São such as the fact that a large part of the activities related Congress was the National Solid Waste Policy, which Spanish company that had been a member of the Bernardo do Campo, in Greater São Paulo, where a to recycling integrate the universe of informality or would only be signed in 2010. group since the end of the 19th century. In 2010, Agbar contract was signed to save approximately 32,000 m³/ underemployment. Therefore, since then, it remains brought Aqualogy to Brazil, a company specializing in month of treated water by means of pressure control, a great bet for a more sustainable future. With the demobilization of these businesses, solutions and technology focused on water. active monitoring of leaks and adequacy of the Degrémont was practically the only representative of infrastructure. In other states, emblematic projects the Group in Brazil, but not for a long time, because in Four years later, Aqualogy expanded its operations to reduce losses were also developed, such as in 2010 SUEZ would start a new and important chapter in Brazil, through the purchase of Restor. Founded in Olinda (PE), for Pernambuco Sanitation Company of its history in the country. 1986, Restor was an engineering firm covering both (Compesa), where the water supply network serves field service and equipment maintenance and trading. 240,000 people. The most emblematic contract of this Or rather, it would resume a business started in 1990, Headquartered in São Paulo, it operated throughout the type, however, was the one developed in Jardim São when the Lyonnaise Des Eaux Services Associés (LYSA), country and abroad, in the areas of basic, industrial and Luiz, in the southern zone of the city of São Paulo, then subsidiary of Lyonnaise des Eaux, was founded. domestic sanitation. In the evaluation of the managers which resulted in the saving of more than one million The company was initially an operator specialized in of Aqualogy, a company with great growth potential, cubic meters of water per month. water and sanitation services, operating in medium- due to the acquired expertise, mainly in relation to the

100 101 Jardim São Luiz: water economy and citizenship

According to the Trata Brasil Institute, in 2010, the poor communities. Therefore, much of the problem the construction of a 15,000-cubic meter reservoir, After only 18 months, the result was impressive: more basic sanitation system operators in the country was caused by irregular connections and the use of the installation of five kilometers of steel pipelines, than one million cubic meters of water per month lost about 37% of all the drinking water produced. old or faulty equipment. That is, the social challenge the installation of a new booster (pumping system) were saved in Jardim São Luiz, enough to supply The causes ranged from the problem of clandestine was often greater than the technical one and was far for the management of pressure in the networks, the 230,000 people in the same period. This number has connections and problems of measuring the beyond the competence of the Consortium. detection and repair of non-visible leaks and repair far surpassed Sabesp’s expectations, which provided consumption of water to leaks. or exchange of extensions. for savings of just over 680 thousand cubic meters The solution was to hire a specialized team, with per month. This generated not only an environmental problem, social workers and communication professionals, to given the importance of water resources, but also a make a direct approach to the community. This group great financial waste, since the cost to capture and carried out researches on the consumption habits of treat water is lost along with the input. the population and began to work with the community, participating in events and dialoguing with residents The fight against losses has thus become one of to gain their trust, so that they could inspect the the priorities of Sabesp, the São Paulo sanitation facilities inside their homes and interventions such company, which operates at the state level. Among the as the replacement of water meters. Hundreds of actions in this direction, it promoted a project in one previous surveys were carried out in the communities of the regions with the highest water loss rates in the and communication actions were developed that metropolitan region - Jardim São Luiz, in the South would be fundamental in dealing with the population, Zone, a district with more than 36 thousand square such as the distribution of communiqués on the kilometers and about 700 thousand inhabitants. stages and objectives of the works, the monitoring of complaints and the careful monitoring of the In 2013, Sabesp entered into a contract with the RE reconstruction services of the sidewalks, which São Luiz Consortium, formed by several companies had to be damaged for the installation of pipes and and led by Restor. It was the largest performance equipment. contract ever performed in the country - which meant that the remuneration of the consortium companies Educators from the region’s schools were also would be proportional to the resources that Sabesp encouraged and trained by the Consortium team to would not lose from wasting water. bring the issue of the need for water management to children and young people in the region. From the outset, the Consortium team realized that this project had differentials that should be Thus, with the full support of the population, the considered. It was a peripheral region, with a technical work was the easiest part. A number of significant percentage of the population living in technical improvements were made to the system, with The new SUEZ and the Brazilian contribution

On March 12, 2015, SUEZ Environnement became Projects alongside oil platforms, for example, are iron ore mine (Carajás, in Pará) to the Port of Ponta da in operation at Vale’s industrial complex in São Luís only SUEZ, bringing together all the activities of the considered as global cases. The old partnership Madeira, in São Luís (MA), including the management (MA) and for the opening of new water wells, in order 40 companies that were under the holding company with Petrobras in Design & Build projects expanded of about 100 small systems, such as compact stations, to optimize resources and improve the management of in more than 70 countries of the world, including even further in August 2017, through a new service wells and reservoirs from 10 different locations the complex’s water cycle. Degrémont, Lyonnaise des Eaux, Agbar, Aqualogy, SITA, agreement on offshore platforms, the first of its kind along its route. SUEZ will also be responsible for the United Water, Ondeo Industrial Solutions and Safege. in the world. It is a three-year contract, extended by preventive and corrective maintenance of the wells three more, to provide water for human consumption Much more than a marketing approach, the new and industrial use for eleven of the platforms in the positioning was designed to strengthen the synergy Campos Basin, in Rio de Janeiro, through seven mobile between businesses, as they all aimed at the units that will carry out the process. The contract also sustainable management of natural resources – provides for the provision of operational assistance water, energy and raw materials –, in both the public and unit maintenance services. and industrial spheres. At a time when global demand for energy is increasing The brand brought a concept aligned with the principles and renewable energy still cannot fully replace oil, this of sustainability, which has significantly changed the innovative experience is of great importance to SUEZ’s way companies operate in Brazil, with an identity global business. related to what they can potentially do to collaborate with the country’s development in terms of innovation Another Brazilian contribution to SUEZ’s international and technology. The change implied to act again in the expertise is the work developed with Vale in the mining service area for SUEZ in Brazil, with the integration area. From 2016, SUEZ won new contracts to respond of Aqualogy, Restor and Degrémont - which led to a for complex operations of the company. First, it was new business plan, covering the entire water cycle and the inclusion, within the framework of the services management of other resources, activities that still performed at the Tubarão Complex, of the operation persist as immense challenges in the country. of the sanitation systems along the Vitória-Minas Railroad (EFVM). The railroad, whose construction The unification process also showed how much the dates back to the 19th century, began to be managed Brazilian experience has to collaborate with the rest of by Vale and has great importance in the disposal of the the company worldwide. Due to the way in which business ore from the productive areas, in Minas Gerais, to the has developed in the country, SUEZ has become a very port, in Vitória. important player in the industrial segments, while in the other countries where it operates, the company is The following year, Vale also contracted SUEZ to more prominent in the area of public concessions and respond for 12 systems at Water and Wastewater in the management of urban waste. Treatment Stations along the nearly 900 kilometers of the Carajás Railroad linking the world’s largest open-pit

104 105 Digital Monitoring Center in Chile

Horizontes e perspectivas

By encompassing all types of businesses worldwide in The operation was carried out in partnership with thousand employees, among them 650 researchers are served 24 hours a day through a knowledge and line with its vocation of resource management, SUEZ the Canadian fund Caisse de Dépôt et Placement du working in the 17 centers of research and excellence. content management platform called Insight. Using has moved even more consistently towards the leading Québec (Deposit and Investment Bank of Quebec - sensors, the tool controls production assets in various position. This was reaffirmed about two years after the CDPQ), a long-term institutional investor that manages If the size impresses, the qualification does no industrial and municipal facilities, ensuring system unification in March 2017, when GE & Water Process retirement and insurance funds, giving rise to the less, positioning SUEZ among the most advanced performance, optimization and cost reduction. A new Technologies (GE Water), the world leader in industrial largest sanitation resources management company of companies in the area of intelligent technologies. paradigm of resource management. water management and treatment, was acquired in the planet, SUEZ Water Technologies & Solutions. The Such as those developed at the Digital Monitoring around 130 countries. company meets the needs of more than 50 thousand Center, created by GE Water in Cotia, in Greater São In fact, a paradigm shift that is part of a great revolution customers worldwide, counting on more than 10 Paulo. About 750 clients from all over Latin America that is in full swing. And SUEZ is ready for it.

106 107 Social work

With businesses intrinsically related to sustainability campaign, # SUEZ4ocean, inviting its more than 90,000 issues, SUEZ maintains a Foundation to develop social employees to gather as many people as possible projects. In general, actions focus on eight pillars: and organize plastic waste collection operations on combating climate change, preserving biodiversity, beaches around the world. protecting oceans, supporting vulnerable populations, supporting equal opportunities and diversity, In Brazil, the action focused on Quartel Beach, in Olinda supporting regional development, supporting the right (PE), where SUEZ leads the Nova Olinda Consortium, to water and sanitation, and sharing of information which works with the local sanitation company and knowledge. Compesa to improve water supply in 16 neighborhoods of the city. In partnership with the city hall, the The highlight is the oceans, which account for 97% of Consortium team gathered around 200 participants, water resources and are responsible for the production including students from the public-school system. The of 50% of the planet’s oxygen. SUEZ not only offers children assisted in the collection and participated in products and solutions to limit sources of pollution and educational actions on the protection of the oceans. In waste but also works to meet local public policies and four hours, 80 kilos of waste were collected, with 85% initiatives aimed at protecting the oceans. It supports, of the material represented by plastics. for example, the Seventh Continent Expedition and the MED Expedition, international organizations studying Also, in Brazil, SUEZ supports local issues, such as the impact of plastic waste pollution in the Pacific races organized by cancer-fighting institutions and, and Atlantic Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea, above all, social projects. For over ten years, it has respectively. partnered with the Franco-Brazilian non-governmental organization Arca do Saber. SUEZ is also a partner of the GoodPlanet Foundation, of French origin, which develops art and education Created in 2001 in a needy community of São Paulo, projects to raise the awareness of the population the Arca do Saber welcomes and provides educational, about threats to the environment. Furthermore, since cultural and sports support to more than 120 children 2015 the Group has committed itself to the Unesco between six and 15 years of age at social risk. SUEZ intergovernmental oceanographic commission, which collaborates financially with the programs developed aims to implement tangible solutions to mitigate by the institution and also encourages the direct ocean pollution. involvement of its employees as volunteers.

In 2017, on the occasion of World Oceans Day (June 8), the Group launched a worldwide mobilization

In 2017, SUEZ promoted the mobilization campaign#SUEZ4Ocean to collect plastic waste on the beaches of the whole world. In Brazil, the action is concentrated on the Quartel Beach in Olinda (PE). Resource Revolution

According to the indigenous legend, the moon - the without sinking, thanks to a perfect engineering, in goddess Jaci - whenever she hid behind the mountains, which veins in the lower part of the sheet work like she chose the most beautiful girls of the village and beams structuring the surface. turned them into stars. The young Naiá, dreaming of this destiny, one day saw the image of the moon reflected in It can be used as food, being rich in starch, iron and a lake and threw herself at it, drowning. Jaci took pity mineral salts. The leaves have medicinal properties and and turned Naiá into a Vitoria Regia (Water-Lily), the can be used to color and strengthen the hair. They are unique and perfect Water Star, with white flowers that shelter for fingerlings, tadpoles and other life forms open at night and become rosy during the day. and some species.

Legends aside, the Vitoria Regia (Water-Lily) is an They are also great for filtering water, feeding on incredible aquatic species. Typical of the Amazon suspended sediments. Therefore, with proper poetic region, it was baptized by the English, in honor of license, it can be said that the Water-Lilies are the Queen Victoria. It has large circular leaves that can small Water Treatment Plants of nature, a perfect reach more than two meters in diameter, with lateral example of biomimicry. edges that form a sort of shallow tray. It remains on the surface, supporting up to 40 pounds of weight eady for resource revolution – so SUEZ In this century, SUEZ is inserted in the threshold of a positioned itself in 2015, by bringing together new reality, in which it is vital to promote the intelligent Rthe companies that previously operated under and sustainable management of the natural resources the SUEZ Environnement holding into one brand. to guarantee the survival in a planet that, according to scientific projections, should have more than nine and Much more than a marketing motto, the positioning a half billion people in 2050, the majority concentrated was the fruit of a deep reflection on the role and the aim in cities and in dozens of megacities with more than 10 of the company in this new moment of world history. million inhabitants. Throughout its trajectory, SUEZ has accompanied several revolutions of humanity. In the nineteenth How can we provide this potable water contingent if century, in the post-industrial revolution period, it was today there are still 780 million people who still do not one of the protagonists in the implementation of public have this resource? How to protect springs that supply hygiene systems, developing technologies and services populations, find new sources of water and energy, to capture, treat and distribute drinking water, which reduce waste and waste production? completely changed the ways of living in cities. At the Life is like this, it is turn of the 20th century, thanks to health improvements, The answer necessarily goes through the paradigm epidemics and mortality rates declined sharply as life shift in the traditional forms of production, starting from made of lot of things that expectancy rose. a linear economy, based on the intensive use of raw materials and constant disposal, to adopt the concept end, It is also made of In 1919, in Paris, SUEZ also led the development of of circular economy. According to this view, resources waste collection technologies, with the creation of the are understood within an infinite cycle of generation and things that start, They first modern trucks that, along with the incineration regeneration: to use, reuse, recycle, value and produce processes also developed by the company, profoundly new resources. are never the same. changed the management of solid waste in cities. The circular economy presupposes a profound change José Saramago In the post-war period, the modernization of the in the consumption habits of humanity, from product

(1922 - 2010 – Portuguese writer who won European, American and Asian metropolises has design to the way we relate to raw materials and waste. the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1998) brought about an explosion in the consumption of The planet must be understood as a living organism, natural resources, leading to the growing need for which regulates resources in cycles – that is, everything potable water distribution systems and treatment of can potentially be used and returned to the environment industrial and urban effluents. In this process, SUEZ in the form of energy. was also responsible for other revolutions, as in 1969, when it created the first installation of filters by reverse It is true that this depends on government policies and osmosis, technology that allowed the desalination of sea actions, supported by international organizations and water. Today, the company operates 255 desalination communities, but the role of companies is also key plants worldwide, which supply more than 10 million to developing resource management technologies, people with drinking water. proposing innovative solutions that integrate the technical, financial, environmental and social dimensions.

113 Solutions like those that are already a reality in SUEZ considers itself ready for this revolution that various parts of the world, in the so-called Smart is changing the way we all relate to the planet. By Cities. Unlike the futuristic vision of cities until creating and delivering efficient, connected and flexible recently, where technology overtook humanity, in solutions for the management of different resources, real smart cities information and communication it helps to balance the needs of the population with technologies are tools to improve citizens’ quality of the available natural resources. Fundamental balance life, tools to manage infrastructure and services. In to achieve the goals set by the UN 2030 Agenda on other words, the concept of Smart City necessarily Sustainable Development (2015-2030), with which SUEZ involves the integration of public services (sanitation, is organically committed. transportation, public security, lighting, etc.), using human and artificial intelligence.

The concept covers the principle of mobility and how it impacts air quality and therefore the health of city dwellers, the local climate and the urban environment. Tokyo, Amsterdam, Barcelona and Santiago, among others, are already emerging as examples of cities that have made intelligent changes to ensure citizens’ access to quality water, clean air and efficient waste treatment.

In 2015 the United Nations formally proposed the 17 development goals (ODS) that must be implemented by all the countries of the world up to 2030.

115 A picture of the waters in Brazil

Although Brazil has around 12% of the world’s fresh Plansab was published in 2013 and established water, an extremely privileged position in relation to the guidelines, targets and actions for basic sanitation for world average, there are many critical challenges in the the next 20 years, with investments of around 170 billion use of water resources in the country. dollars. During this period, it is intended to reach a 99% coverage rate in drinking water supply throughout the In the last two decades, projects and actions have been country with 100% in urban areas, and 92% for sanitary developed to increase the supply of drinking water, sewage coverage with 93% in urban areas. Regarding but to reduce water use conflicts and to increase solid waste, Plansab provides for the universalization the perception of water conservation as a social and of collection in the urban area and the absence of environmental value remains an immense challenge. open landfills or dumps in Brazil. As for rainwater, another target is the reduction of 11% in the number of In 1997, the Water Law was signed, which established municipalities where flooding occurs in the urban area. the National Water Resources Policy and created the National System for Water Resources Management (Singreh). Based on the principle that water is a public good and its management is decentralized and based on multiple uses (supply, energy, irrigation, industry, etc.), the law establishes instruments to implement the National Water Resources Policy.

Ten years later the National Plan for Basic Sanitation (Plansab) was launched, starting a process planned and coordinated by the Ministry of Cities. Generally speaking, Plansab aims to universalize the access of all occupied Brazilian households to basic sanitation.

Two international milestones, approved within the framework of the UN, are closely related to Plansab: The Millennium Development Goals, signed by Brazil and 190 other countries in September 2000, and Resolution A/RES/64/292, of the General UN Assembly, of July 28, 2010, whereby access to clean and safe water and adequate sanitary sewage is a human right, essential for the full enjoyment of life and other rights. With Brazil for 80 years

It is emblematic, therefore, that SUEZ completed eight The situation becomes even more dramatic when you decades of presence in Brazil just as the country hosts consider cultural factors, which lead to waste. The the 8th World Water Forum in 2018. The international apparent abundance makes the Brazilian population event is organized every three years by the World often have a wasteful attitude regarding the consumption Water Council (WWC) and is the largest global event of treated water or negligence in relation to the on the subject, which seeks to place water as a priority preservation of springs, water sources and riparian on the international agenda. The 8th World Forum is forests or to the reuse of rain water and wastewater. considered a preliminary phase of Agenda 2030. It is true that much has changed in these 80 years, Water has always represented, directly or indirectly, especially since Eco-92. In the following years, the the business focus of SUEZ-related companies over signing of the Kyoto Protocol (1997), Rio + 10 (2002), time. Recently, Southeast Brazil, the most populated held in Johannesburg, South Africa, and Rio + 20 and most economically active region, has experienced (2012), which returned to Rio de Janeiro, confirmed the a very serious water crisis, causing the population, issues surrounding sustainability have come to occupy companies and governments to awaken to the real a central place among national concerns, in tune with complexity of the issue. The country is one of those what is happening around the world. who hold the most of this precious natural resource, more than 12% of all the fresh water in the world, to be As these discussions and this awareness advance, precise. However, 70% of all water is concentrated in despite all the conjunctural difficulties, Brazil also the Amazon River basin, in the less populated region seeks to realize its resource revolution, returning to its of the territory, while only 1.6% of the water is in the development path. In this process of transformation, Southeast, where a quarter of the population lives. SUEZ prides itself on being a partner with which governments, companies and citizens can always Even so, these resources are under serious threat count on to build an increasingly sustainable country because of the inadequate collection and treatment of with increasingly intelligent cities and for the benefit sewage and waste water from industry and agriculture. of its people and its spectacular nature. The situation is so serious that, according to the Trata Brazil Institute, only 42.67% of all sewage in the It has been like this for 80 years. It will be, increasingly, country receives adequate treatment of the 50% that is in this future that has already begun. collected, which represents the launching of 1.2 billion cubic meters of sewage in the nature, considering capitals alone.

118 Water at the heart of the UN debate

The UN began addressing the need for global water meeting was considered the most complete reference conservation in 1949, when the United Nations document on water resources, until the elaboration Scientific Conference on the Conservation and Use of the specific chapter on water of Agenda 21, defined of Natural Resources brought scientists and experts during Eco-92. from around the world together for the first time to analyze resource management after the devastation The second major International Conference on caused by World War II. Issues such as the Water and the Environment was held in Dublin, degradation of the oceans, rivers and seas, industrial Ireland, in 1992, a few months before Eco-92. The pollution, hazardous waste management, population Dublin Declaration has innovatively introduced a concentration in urban centers and climate change radically new approach to the assessment, use were discussed. and management of water resources, especially freshwater. From this meeting, recommendations From the late 1960s, the UN began to systematically were organized in a program entitled Water and promote international meetings to discuss issues of Sustainable Development, which brought, as a first global concern. With regard to the environment, the principle, the assertion that “freshwater is a finite and 1970 General Assembly consolidated the concept that vulnerable resource essential for life, development certain natural resources are part of the Common and the environment.” Heritage of Humanity. After several meetings and agreements, the emblematic Stockholm Conference The idea of creating the World Water Forums was took place in 1972 as the first major event to evaluate launched in 1996, within the framework of the World the environmental theme from a sustainability Water Council. The First World Water Forum took perspective. As a result of this meeting, in 1983 the place the following year in Morocco, and every three World Commission on Environment and Development years thereafter, always aiming to place water on was established, chaired by the Prime Minister of the political agenda of governments, promoting the Norway, Gro Harlem Brundtland, who gave birth to the deepening of discussions, exchange of experiences famous Brundtland Report, analyzed by presidents, and formulation of concrete proposals for challenges prime ministers, heads of state and other authorities related to water resources. The eighth edition, held in from more than 100 countries. Brazil with the theme Sharing Water, is the first to be held in the Southern Hemisphere. Before, however, important steps had already been taken in relation to water. In 1977, the First United Nations Conference on Water was held in Mar del Plata, Argentina. The Action Plan carried out from the 1990 – Compagnie 2017 – SUEZ acquires 1919 – In Paris, Financière of SUEZ the GE Water, global the SITA creates the change your name to 2008 – SUEZ leader in management 1867 – Creation of first modern vehicles 1958 – Formed to 1971 – Lyonnaise Compagnie of SUEZ Environnement does and treatment of Company of Waters of traction for pick-up of Holding Compagnie des Eaux acquires and initiates process its introduction to industrial water, active in World Barcelona. garbage. Financière of SUEZ. control SITA’s. restructuring. Stock Exchange. 130 countries.

1858 – Ferdinand of 1880 – Creation of 1939 – Adalbert 1967 – Compagnie 1990 – Founded the 1997 – Compagnie of 2015 – SUEZ Lesseps creates the Lyonnaise des Eaux, Degrémont creates the Financière of SUEZ Lyonnaise Des Eaux SUEZ performs fusion Environnement becomes Compagnie Universelle du in France. Degrémont, in Cateau, acquires control of Services Associés with The Lyonnaise des call SUEZ, gathering Canal Maritime of Suez. France. Lyonnaise des Eaux. (LYSA). Eaux, giving rise to SUEZ all activities of the 40 Lyonnaise des Eaux. companies that were under the holding in 5 continents.

Landmarks of Suez

2016 – SUEZ 2013 – Degrémont performs the systems 1957 – Degrémont 1995 – Lyonnaise des is hired to design and operation of sanitation wins the International in partnership with the build units of water along the Railroad competition for the Brazilian Company of treatment in FPSO. Vitória to Minas construction of the Projects and works 2000 – SUEZ 2005/2006 – SUEZ In the same year, (RVM). In the same Water Treatment Plant Lyonnaise des Eaux (WTP) of Brasilia. In the (CBPO), sign the first Environnement stopped SABESP establishes year, Vale grants acquires control stock same year, acquires 1966 – Created the 1980 – Inaugurated concession agrément participating in the a contract with award to SUEZ as in Sao Paulo (SP) consulting company Degrémont Factory of water and sewage in 1998 – SUEZ of Cosama, giving Water Concessions and the RE São Luiz company of excellence Rein and it’s called Technical Studies and in Santo Amaro, São Brazil, in the municipality Lyonnaise des Eaux rise to the concession Sanitation in Brazil and Consortium, Led by in health, safety and Brazil Degrémont-Rein. Projects Ltda. (ETEP). Paulo (SP). of Limeira (SP). gets Vega. of Aguas de Amazonas. also from Vega. the Restor. environment.

1939 – Organized 1965 – Created 1976 – Degrémont 1993 – Lysa is 1998 – Built the new 2000 – Control stock 2005 – SUEZ 2010 – SUEZ 2014 – Aqualogy 2017 – SUEZ extends in Rio de Janeiro the the Degrémont starts acting in contracted by factory headquarters of ETEP is purchased responds for the Environnement acquires acquires Restor. the partnership with the Brazilian Company S/A, Engineering, several flat works SABESP to draw up of Degrémont, in by SAFEGE – Société Operation and the control of Aguas de Petrobras, with a contract of water (EBA) – Sanitation and Water Sanitation Director a complete diagnosis Cajamar (SP). Anonyme Française Maintenance of Barcelona (Agbar) and to provide equipment Subsidizing Lyonnaise treatment. for the Grande São about the loss index de Etude Manage ET brings to Brazil Aqualogy. des Eaux. Paulo (Sanegran). Vale do Rio Doce desalination for eleven of water treated in Enterprises (French Company (current offshore platforms in the Metropolitan Area of Anonymous Company Vale) in Vitória (ES). Bacia de Campos, in Rio Sao Paulo. studies of management de Janeiro. and business).

122 123 Bibliography Image Credits

ANDRADE, Manuel Correia. O Desafio Ecológico – Utopia e Lyonnaise - La petit histoire de sa naissance au Brésil (livro SUEZ Collection Energy and Sanitation Foundation Realidade, São Paulo: Hucitec, 1994. institucional) p.33, 35, 42, 43, 44 e 45, 46 e 47, 50, 51, 54 e 55, 57, 58 e p.23 59, 60 e 61, 70 e 71, 75, 77, 78 e 79, 85, 86 e 87, 88 e 89, Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social MELATO, Débora Soares. Discussão de uma metodologia 98, 99, 106 e 107, 109 Mathilde Saada (BNDES). Boletim Visão do Desenvolvimento (diversos para o diagnóstico e ações para redução de perdas de p.117 números). água: aplicação no sistema de abastecimento de água Agência Estado da região metropolitana de São Paulo (Dissertação p.40, 69 acima Wikimedia BRITTO e PORTO (Orgs.). Políticas de Saneamento de Mestrado). Disponível em http://www.teses.usp.br/ p. 27, 29, 31, 41, 49, 65, 67, 69 abaixo, 73, 76 Ambiental: Inovações na Perspectiva do Controle Social. teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-17082010-092608/publico/ Agência O Globo Rio de Janeiro: IPPUR/UFRJ/FASE, 1998. Dissertacao_Debora_S_Melato.pdf (acesso em 12/09/2017) Pgs. 24 e 25 William Daniels p. 9, 17, 53, 81 e 82, 95, 97, 101, 103, 105, 114, 119 e 120 BRITTO, A.L. A regulação dos serviços de saneamento NASCIMENTO, Nilo de Oliveira; BERTRAND-KRAJEWSKI, Association du Souvenir de Ferdinand de Lesseps básico no Brasil: Perspectiva histórica, contexto atual e Jean-Luc e BRITTO, Ana Lúcia. Águas urbanas e et du Canal de Suez novas exigências de uma regulação pública. In: Anais do urbanismo na passagem do século XIX ao XX: o trabalho p. 15 IX Encontro Nacional da ANPUR – Ética, Planejamento e de Saturnino de Brito. Revista UFMG, Belo Horizonte, v. 20, Construção Democrática do Espaço. Rio de Janeiro: IPPUR, n.1, p.102-133, jan./jun. 2013. Disponível em https://www. 2001. ufmg.br/revistaufmg/downloads/20/6-_aguas_urbanas_e_ urbanismo_nilo_de_oliveira.pdf (acesso em 08/09/2017) CARDIM, Carlos Henrique e GUIMARÃES, Samuel Pinheiro (Org.). França: Visões Brasileiras - Brasília: IPRI, 2003. RUMO A ECONOMIA CIRCULAR: O RACIONAL DE Disponível em http://funag.gov.br/loja/download/224- NEGÓCIO PARA ACELERAR A TRANSIÇAO (folheto da Franca_Visoes_Brasileiras.pdf (acesso em 08/09/2017) Ellen MacArthur Foundation) Disponível em https://www. ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/assets/downloads/Rumo- CASTELLS, M. A sociedade em rede. São Paulo: Paz e a%CC%80-economia-circular_Updated_08-12-15.pdf Terra, 1999. (acesso em 12/07/2017)

CLARKE, Robin e KING, Jannet. O Atlas da Água. São Paulo: SAIANI, Carlos César Santejo e TONETO JÚNIOR, Rudinei. Publifolha, 2005. Evolução do acesso a serviços de saneamento básico no Brasil (1970 a 2004). Revista Economia e Sociedade, DICKEN, P. Mudança Global. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2010. Campinas, v. 19, n. 1 (38), p. 79-106, abr. 2010. Disponível em http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ecos/v19n1/a04v19n1.pdf JAGUARIBE, Hélio. O Brasil ante o Século XXI. Instituto (acesso em 10/10/2017) de Estudos Avançados da Universidade de São Paulo. Disponível em http://www.iea.usp.br/publicacoes/textos/ jaguaribeseculo21.pdf (acesso em 12/07/2017)

124 125 SUEZ: With Brazil for 80 years

SUEZ: Jean-Louis Chaussade (CEO) e Ana Giros (Diretora Geral LATAM)

Communication Board: Frederique Raoult e Céline Muzart (LATAM)

General coordination: Mathilde Saada e Raquel Boschi

Editorial Committee (in alphabetical order): Claudia Moraes Diego Araque Erica Galvão Luana Martins Raquel Moreira Tabita Ghidini Teixeira Umberto Paste Vitor Collete

Production: Quintessência Pesquisa e Texto Ltda. (CNPJ: 24.426.080/0001-00) Research coordination: Antonio Machado Veiga Writing: Élida Gagete

English version: H3 Traduções, Adriana Pellegrino (revisão) e Christopher Huynh (revisão)

Art: Venosa Design e Comunicações Ltda. (CNPJ: 61.862.835/0001-45) www.venosadesign.com.br Supervision: Francesco Paolo Venosa Diagramming: Mateus Augusto Watercolors: Renato Palmuti

Catalog Plug: Rafaela Patente (CRB-2143)

Printing: IPSIS Gráfica e Editora

Thank you very much!

This book was produced thanks to the collaboration of countless People who gave up materials, told their stories and They supported us at every stage of the work.

To all of them, our heartfelt thanks.