Systematic Entomology (1977) 2, 27-44

A revision of the neotropical genus Vilga Stal (: )

W. R. DOLLING Department of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History), London

ABSTRACT. Thirteen species of the genus Vilga Stal are recognized and des­ cribed or redescribed and a key for their identification is given. Lectotypes are designated for Centrocoris westwoodi Kolenati, Vilga dissimilis Distant, Vilga spinosula Montandon, Vilga mexicana Distant, Vilga penningtoni Bergroth and Vilga dallasi Distant. The new combination Vilga chilensis (Stein) is established for A renocoris chilensis Stein. The new synonymy Vilga dissimilis Distant (=Vilga spinosula Montandon) is established. The new species Vilga brasUiensis (from Brazil), V.grisea (Brazil), V.grisescens (Brazil), V.obliqua (Brazil), V.peruviana (Peru) and V.sanctipauli (Brazil) are described. The genus Vilga is divided into six subgenera, the five new subgeneric names being Vilgula (type-species: Vilga dissimilis Distant), Trichovilga (type-species: Vilga mexicana Distant), Platyvilga (type-species: chilensis Stein), Laevivilga (type-species: Vilga divaricata Distant) and Echinovilga (type-species: Vilga dallasi Distant).

Introduction seventh abdominal segment and the charac­ teristic subapical spines of the posterior The Coreid subfamily Pseudophloeinae is femur. Other characters typical of Pseudo­ represented in the New World by three genera: phloeinae and present in Vilga are the struc­ Westwood, Costa and ture of the peritreme of the metapleural scent Vilga Stal. The first two genera are Holarctic gland, the non-sulcate tibiae, the closure of in distribution although Coriomeris nigricornis the eighth abdominal spiracle in the female, (Stal) is found as far south as the mountainous the absence of peg-like setae on the first areas of Oaxaca in Mexico. Vilga, by contrast, valvulae of the ovipositor, the strongly is endemic to the New World and has only one developed sclerites in the dorsal wall of the species, V.mexicana Distant, whose range gynatrium, the simple structure of the extends north of the tropic of Cancer. spermatheca and its duct and the structure of Stal (1870: 228) excluded this genus from the aedeagus, pygophore and parameres. Pseudophloeinae, presumably because of the The absence of an antevannal vein, a absence of an antevannal vein ('glochis') in the feature shared with the Oriental genus Hoplo- hind wing. Berg (1894: 22-23), erroneously lomia Stal and the specialized Ethiopian and believing the antevannal to be present, sug­ Oriental genus Risbecocoris Izzard, is prob­ gested that the genus might belong to Pseudo- ably a plesiomorphic state. It may be that an phlaeadae [sic] but questioned the validity of ancestral form entered the neotropical Region the subfamily. Montandon (1897: 183-186) before the antevannal vein had been acquired placed the genus in Pseudophloeinae on the in the mainstream of Old World pseudo- basis of the venation of the hemelytral mem­ phloeine evolution and that the present brane, the prominent posterior angles of the diversity of forms in the Neotropics have been Correspondence: Mr W. R. Dolling, Department derived from this single ancestor, which prob­ of Entomology, British Museum (Natural History), ably resembled' V.dissimilis Distant or V. Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD. serrulata Montandon in general appearance.

27 28 W. R. Dolling

The genus as at present constituted embraces ZI Zoological Institute, Leningrad, a number of body forms which, in the Euro­ U.S.S.R. pean fauna, would be regarded as constituting ZMU Universitetets Zoologiska Museum, several natural genera. However, all of the Helsinki, Finland. groups here recognized as subgenera share the probably apomorphic feature of a freely projecting lobe on the seventh tergum of the Key to genera of American male, a feature unknown in any Old World Coreidae-Pseudophloeinae genus of the subfamily. Accordingly, a conser­ vative approach is adopted in this paper, 1 Tibiae dorsally longitudinally sulcate or posterior retaining all of the forms in a single genus to tibiae short and strongly arcuate emphasize their community of descent and to (Coreinae, Merocorinae) maintain stability of nomenclature. — Tibiae not sulcate, posterior tibiae not arcuate (Pseudophloeinae) 2 2 Abdominal sternites III—VII with posterolateral angles produced, making lateral outline of abdomen distinctly dentate; metathoracic wing Measurements without antevannal vein. (Extreme southern U.S.A. southwards to Chile and Argentina) Lengths of antennal segments used in the Vilga Stal various diagnostic ratios do not include the — Abdominal sternites III—VII with posterolateral smooth, basal portion of each segment which angles not projecting, lateral outline of abdomen is retractable into the preceding articulation, a continuous curve; metathoracic wing with antevannal vein 3 but are measured between the junction of this smooth zone with the typically sculptured 3 Metathoracic coxae separated from each other by about half diameter of a coxa; lateral margins area of cuticle and the extreme apex of the of pronotum at most granulate anteriorly. segment exclusive of any projecting tubercles. (U.S.A., western Canada and northern Mexico). Where means are given, the number of Ceraleptus Costa examples measured is indicated in parentheses — Metathoracic coxae separated from each other in the form (n = x). by about whole diameter of a coxa; lateral margins of pronotum tuberculate throughout. (Alaska and Canadian Arctic to mountains of southern Mexico) Coriomeris Westwood Abbreviations

Abbreviations of depositories of material are Vilga Stal t as follows: a AMNH The American Museum of Natural Vilga Stal, 1860: 474. Type-species: Clavi- c History, New York, New York State, gralla acanthion Dallas (=Centrocoris west­ s U.S.A. woodi Kolenati) by monotypy. s BMNH British Museum (Natural History), Centrocoris sensu Fieber, 1861: 232, nee t London, U.K. Kolenati, 1845. CAS California Academy of Sciences, San The genus Centrocoris was founded by f Francisco, California, U.S.A. Kolenati (1845: 45) for three species, all of c IRSNB Institut Royal des Sciences them new, namely westwoodi, variegata and s Naturelles, Brussels, Belgium. pallescens. Fieber (1861: 232) removed varie­ b MGA Muzeul de Istorie Naturala 'Grigore gata and pallescens to his new genus Centro- a carenus but did not designate the sole remain­ Antipa', Bucharest, Romania. P MN Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, ing species, westwoodi, as type. Reuter (1888: n Brazil. 759) cited Cimex spiniger Fabricius as the MNHU Museum fiir Naturkunde der Hum- type species of Centrocoris Kolenati. On page 1; boldt-Universitat, Berlin, D.D.R. 524 of the same work Reuter cited Centro­ d UC University of California, Berkeley, coris pallescens Kolenati as a junior synonym fi California, U.S.A. of Centrocoris spiniger (Fabricius). Under the b UM University Museum, Oxford, U.K. provisions of the International Code of \ A revision of the neotropical genus Vilga Stal 29

Zoological Nomenclature, 1961 edition, one-third to one-half of its length. Terga I—VI article 69(a) (iv), Centrocoris pallescens fused together in both sexes, suture between Kolenati must be regarded as the type-species terga VI and VII hinged medially, rather more of Centrocoris Kolenati. This usage has been free laterally but not forming a complete accepted by most modern authors. membranous articulation. Terga II—VI with Antennifer bearing laterally a porrect to laterotergites fully separated from them, deflexed process with a very short to very laterotergites II and III often fused together, long, laterally directed, setigerous tubercle tergum VII with laterotergites marked off by close to dorsal origin of process. Antennae lines of weakness in cuticle (readily visible in with segment III the longest, I or rarely IV cleared preparations). Tergum VII of male the next longest, segment IV fusiform, II and produced posteriorly into a short, broad, III more slender than either I or IV. Area of rounded, freely projecting lobe. Spiracle of granulate sculpture at base of segment IV abdominal segment VIII non-functional in occupying 0.1—0.4 times length of segment, both sexes. remaining apical portion of segment occupied Posterior margin of male genital capsule by specialized sensory setae. Rostrum at rest with oblong emargination whose lower edge is reaching posteriorly to anterior margin or shallowly produced posteriorly into a lip, disc of metasternum, segments I and II sub- tongue triangular, acute, parameres with equal in length, IV shorter, III shortest of all. apices broad, filling emargination of capsule Pronotum moderately to steeply declivent when at rest. Phallotheca with ventral sclero­ anteriorly, posterior margin shallowly or more tized area produced medially and dorso- rarely deeply emarginate in front of scutel­ laterally, dorsal sclerotization weak or absent, lum, prescutellar spines usually lacking, pos­ never appearing as a distinct sclerite. Ejacula­ terolateral angles produced into short to very tory reservoir complex symmetrical, wings long spines, disc and margins granulate, tuber- and straps present, straps often small. Vesica culate or spinose. Scutellum triangular, basally with one and a half complete turns anterior part of lateral margins often keeled, protected by symmetrical pair of small apex slightly produced and elevated, whitish. sclerites which are derived from sclerotization Clavus and corium punctate, the veins granu­ of wall of conjunctiva and are homologous late; corium with apex never produced; with the 'spiral process' or 'helicoid process of membrane with three basal cells from which the vesica' in higher Coreidae. Conjunctiva arise about ten more or less parallel veins otherwise without sclerotized processes which rarely or never anastomose, cross-veins although posterior face of distal ventrolateral between them frequent to absent. Metathor­ lobes sometimes lightly sclerotized and acic wing without antevannal vein. Peritreme sclerotized strips often present in ventral wall of metathoracic scent gland with dorsal ridge of conjunctiva below ejaculatory reservoir. strongly bilobed to weakly reniform. Meso­ Membranous conjunctival appendages typic­ sternum deeply sulcate throughout its length. ally consisting of large, paired, distal dorso­ Anterior and intermediate femora each often lateral and ventrolateral lobes, small, paired, with a small subapical spine beneath; posterior apical ventral lobes and unpaired dorsomedian femur typically with two to three (sometimes and distal dorsomedian lobes. only one) major subapical spines beneath and Female with spermathecal bulb broadly some much smaller spines, often represented lunate, its duct short, weakly convoluted and by slightly elevated hair-bases, between them, devoid of pump flanges. Dorsal wall of gyna­ a series of three or four small spines usually trium with a pair of large, L-shaped sclerites present between the most distal subapical of which the medial, longitudinal arm is major spine and apex of femur. longer than the anterior, transverse arm. Abdominal sterna III—VII with postero­ Pronotum, scutellum and pleura con­ lateral angles weakly to very strongly pro­ fusedly punctate—granulate, clavus with two duced. Sterna I-V of male, I-IV of female (rarely three) rows of large punctures, corium fused together, remaining sterna with mem­ with several irregular rows of large punctures branous articulations on all sides, sternum approximately parallel to anterior and pos­ VII of female with median apical cleft for terior margins, leaving an impunctate triangle 30 W. R. Dolling against apical margin. Head, antennal seg­ — Apex of corium reaching posteriorly to base of ments I—III, pronotum, scutellu, veins of laterotergite VI, membrane projecting beyond posterior tip of body. (Argentina) corium, femora and tibiae always at least penningtoni Bergroth granulate, granules often lengthened into 6 Lateral margins of abdominal sternites almost tubercles or even spines, sternites and latero­ smooth (Fig. 12) 7 tergites granulate. Abdominal tergites punc­ — Lateral margins of abdominal sternites distinctly tate. Each granule and tubercle bearing an granulate or tuberculate (Figs. 10 and 11). . . .9 apical or subapical hair. 7 Posterolateral spines of pronotum short (Fig. 2), Egg with few aeromicropyles (seven to width of pronotum across tips of spines about 1.97 times width of head inclusive of eyes. eleven in the three species examined), pseudo- (Brazil). brasiliensis sp.nov. perculum not demarcated. Nymph (known in — Posterolateral spines of pronotum long, widely only one species) spinose. diverging (Fig. 6), width of pronotum across tips Species of this genus are rare in collections. of spines at least 2.09 times width of head includ­ Their small size and usually sombre coloration ing eyes 8 suggest that they occupy more cryptic habi­ 8 Antennal segment 1 without tubercles, though with some large granules present. (Panama, tats than those favoured by the majority of Guyana) divaricata Distant Coreidae. No host-plant records are available, — Antennal segment I externally with a row of but the hosts of other Pseudophloeinae, where projecting tubercles. (Brazil), .sanctipauli sp.nov. known, are herbaceous Leguminosae 9 Antennal segments I—III clothed with suberect (Phaseolus, Medicago, Vigna, Dolichos, etc.). hairs longer than width of segment II, disc of Distribution: Neotropical and southern hemelytral membrane with numerous cross- Nearctic regions from Santiago de Chile and veins; sometimes brachypterous. (Southern Rio de la Plata northwards to extreme U.S.A. to El Salvador) mexicana Distant southern Arizona. — Antennal segments I—III clothed with hairs shorter than width of segment II; disc of mem­ brane without cross-veins; never brachyp­ terous 10 Key to species of Vilga Stal 10 Pronotum with posterolateral spines directed obliquely forwards (Fig. 3). (Brazil). 1 Pronotum deeply emarginate posteriorly (Fig. 1). obliqua sp.nov. (Trinidad, Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, northern — Pronotum with posterolateral spines directed Argentina) westwoodi (Kolenati) laterally (Figs. 4 and 8) 11 — Pronotum shallowly emarginate posteriorly (Figs. 11 Lateral margins of abdominal sternites V—VII 2-8) 2 bearing granules no longer than broad (Fig. 10). 2 Abdominal sternites bearing spines at postero­ (Costa Rica, Panama, Aruba, Guyana, Colombia, lateral angles which are about as long as width of Brazil) dissimilis Distant connexivum (Fig. 14); pronotum very spinose — Lateral margins of abdominal sternites V—VII (Fig. 7). (Guatemala, French Guiana, Brazil, bearing at least some tubercles longer than Paraguay) dallasi Distant broad (Fig. 11) 12 — Abdominal sternites bearing spines at most half 12 Antennal segment I about equal in length to as long as width of connexivum; pronotum less width of head across antennifers. (Scutellum as spinose 3 long as its own basal width). (Brazil) 3 Posterior femur with a single, small, subapical serrulata Montandon spine beneath (Fig. IS). (Peru, Chile, Argentina) 4 — Antennal segment I longer than head width — Posterior femur beneath with two major sub­ across antennifers 13 apical spines and a group of three or four spine­ 13 Antennal segment I about equal in length to like tubercules between distal spine and apex of width of head inclusive of eyes; scutellum as long femur (Fig. 16). (Southern U.S.A. to southern as its own basal width. (Brazil). . . .grisea sp.nov. Brazil) 6 — Antennal segment I shorter than width of head 4 Length of antennal segment I at most 0.56 times including eyes; scutellum distinctly longer than width of head inclusive of eyes. (Peru) its own basal width. (Brazil). . grisescens sp.nov. peruviana sp.nov. — Length of antennal segment I at least 0.65 times width of head inclusive of eyes 5 Subgenus Vilga Stal 5 Apex of corium at rest reaching level of middle of laterotergite V, apex of membrane not reach­ ing beyond posterior margin of tergite VII. Form deep-bodied, slightly compressed, aspect (Chile, Argentina) chilensis (Stein) spinose. Pronotum with posterior margin A revision of the neotropical genus Vilga Stal 31 deeply emarginate; prescutellar spines present, in particular the almost obsolete distal dorso­ often double; disc and margins with numerous lateral lobes. tubercles; posterolateral angles produced into slender spines. Scutellum convex, tuberculate, with median longitudinal furrow. Hemelytra Vilga (Vilga) westwoodi (Kolenati) with costal margin slightly granulate, disc of membrane with 0—1 cross-vein. Lateral (Figs. 1, 9, 18, 28, 29,32, 33,42, 44 and 47) margins of abdominal sterna III—VII bearing Centrocoris westwoodii Kolenati, 1845: 45. long tubercles, posterolateral angles strongly Clavigralla acanthion Dallas, 1852: 512. produced into broad spines. Vilga acanthion (Dallas) Stal, 1860: 474. Antennifer with outer apical process broad, Coreus westwoodi (Kolenati) Baerensprung, rounded and sharply deflexed immediately 1860:6. after its origin. Dorsal auricle of metathoracic Vilga westwoodi (Kolenati) Bergrdth, 1925: scent gland peritreme divided by a deep, 88. dorsal incision into two almost equal, sub- Length: d, 8.2—8.8 mm, mean 8.5 mm orbicular lobes. Femora and antennal segment (n = 4); 9, 8.6-9.6 mm, mean 9.1 mm (n = 7). I bearing setiferous tubercles of moderate Characters of the subgenus. Antennifer length. Anterior femur with no subapical bearing a long spine. Antennal segment I with spines differentiated from tubercles, inter­ tubercles at most as long (excluding seta) as mediate femur with one or two subapical half width of segment. Ratio of lengths of spines beneath, posterior femur with two or antennal segments I: II: HI: IV in male about three subapical spines beneath, with about 1.00:1.06:1.21:0.98, in female about 1.00: four tubercles between penultimate and last 1.04:1.20:0.90. Length of segment I divided spines and four more between last spine and by width of head including eyes in male apex of femur. 0.68-0.78, mean 0.71 (n = 4), in female Male paramere with apex oblong, flattened. 0.66-0.77, mean 0.72 (n = 7). Straps of ejaculatory reservoir complex elon­ Pronotum (Fig. 1) with disc convex on gate, articulating with wings; vesica of each side of midline, posterolateral angles uniform diameter throughout; sclerites at base elevated, posterolateral spines directed antero- of vesica fused together dorsally. Distal dorso­ laterally and slightly upwards. Width of prono­ median lobe of conjunctiva with narrow, tum across tips of spines divided by width of median appendage arising from its anterior head including eyes in male 2.42—2.49, mean face, distal dorsolateral lobes very reduced, 2.31 (n = 4), in female 2.24-2.44, mean 2.33 distal ventrolateral lobes extensively but (n = 7). Disc with numerous spines and lightly sclerotized on posterior face, ventral tubercles. Scutellum equilateral. Tibiae granu­ wall of conjunctiva below ejaculatory reser­ late, femora strongly granulate to tuberculate. voir with a narrow, median sclerotized strip Posterolateral angles of abdominal sternites which forks distally, terminating at junction (Fig. 9) produced into broad, triangular spines, of apical ventral and distal ventrolateral lobes margins of sternites with a few setigerous on each side. tubercles. Male paramere (Figs. 28 and 29), Female with seventh abdominal sternite conjunctiva (Figs. 32 and 33), female cleft apically for about one third of its length. ovipositor (Fig. 42) and sclerites of gynatrial Second valvula truncate at apex, egg channel wall (Fig. 44) with characters of subgenus. opening between apices of second valvulae Spermatheca (Fig. 47) with duct flexed in only. Sclerites of gynatrial wall with median four places. arms slender, abruptly convergent at apex, Colour reddish ochreous; tibiae, hemelytra, nearly twice as long as transverse arms. parts of abdominal tergum VII and large areas Ovarian egg with polygonal reticulation on of abdominal laterotergites stramineous; punc­ chorion. tures of corium and clavus and a triangular The single species included in this sub­ area in middle of apical margin of corium genus is characterized by its brighter colora­ brownish black; veins of corium and of clavus tion and deeper body compared with its cream, contrasting strongly with ochreous congeners and by the form of the conjunctiva, ground coloration; head confusedly striped 32 W. R. Dolling

FIGS. 1—8. Figs. 1—7, pronotum, dorsal view: (I) westwoodi, lectotype 9; (2) brasiliensis, holotype 9; (3) obliqua, holotype d; (4) dissimilis 6, Brazil, Goias; (5) chilensis 9, Chile, Convento; (6) divaricata, holotype 9; (7) dallasi 9, Brazil, Mato Grosso. Fig. 8, dorsal view, serrulata 6, Brazil, Mato Grosso. with yellowish cream and black; sides of scutellum, tibiae and tarsi; short, semidecum- thorax and abdomen with broken, oblique, bent to decumbent pubescence present on black and yellowish cream stripes; abdominal all antennal segments, rostrum, coxae, sternites yellowish cream in middle; pronotum trochanters, femora, pronotum, scutellum, with median line anteriorly and a broad band thoracic pleura and sterna, clavus, corium and posteriorly blackish brown, the posterior band abdominal sternites and laterotergites. sometimes absent; scutellum blackish brown, Ovarian egg (Fig. 18) 1.48x0.87 mm, midline pale ochreous; femora at base micropylar end broad with a broad ring of yellowish cream; tibiae yellowish cream with eleven aeromicropyles. annuli at base, middle and apex ochreous to Material examined. Centrocoris westwoodi black. Pubescence pale brown; rather short, Kolenati, Lectotype 9, 'Karabach' (ZI), here erect to suberect pubescence present on designated. Clavigralla acanthion Dallas, Holo­ antennal segment I, rostrum and larger type 9, BRAZIL: Para (Wallace and Bates) tubercles and granules of head, pronotum, (BMNH). A revision of the neotropical genus Vilga Stal 33

FIGS. 9—18. Figs. 9—14, left lateral margins of abdominal segments V—VII, dorsal view: (9) westwoodi 6, Brazil, Mato Grosso; (10) dissimilis lectotype 9; (11) serrulata, holotype 9; (12) divaricata holotype 9; (13) chilensis 9, Chile, Santiago; (14) dallasi 9, Brazil, Mato Grosso. Figs. IS —16, right posterior femur, anterior face: (15) chilensis 9, Chile, Santiago; (16) serrulata d, Brazil, Ceara. Figs. 17—18, ovarian egg: (17) dallasi, Brazil, Mato Grosso; (18) westwoodi, Brazil, Est. Rio.

TRINIDAD: 19, Aripo valley, 29.ii.1968 and not the Caucasus as cited in the original (J. G. Rozen). BRAZIL: 19, Bahia, ii or description. Berg (1894: 21-22) gave a des­ iii.1832 (C. Darwin); 2d, Mato Grosso, cription of the nymph and recorded this 12°50'S, 51°47'W, Cerradao, 27.X.1968 species from Paraguay and Argentina. (O. W. Richards); 1 <3, same locality, Campo, Pennington (1922: 155) recorded specimens 16.x.1968 (Richards); 2 9, Est. Rio, Muriqui, from N. Argentina (Misiones) and Bolivia. Mangaratiba, vii. 1969 (M. Alvarenga); Id, 19, 'Amazons', 1861, (Bates). PARAGUAY: Id, 72km E. of Horqueta, on Paraguay Subgenus Vilgula subgen.nov. River, lO.x.1933 (A. Schuizo). (BMNH; AMNH; MN;UM; USNM). Type-species: Vilga dissimilis Distant. Horvath (1884: 111-112) demonstrated Form depressed, aspect spinose. Pronotum that the type locality of Centrocoris with posterior margin shallowly emarginate, westwoodi Kolenati should be South America prescutellar spines absent, lateral margins with 34 W. R. Dolling

FIGS. 19-40. Figs. 19-27, 29 and 31, right paramere, dorsal view (19—27 outline only). Figs. 28 and 30, same, ventral view: (19) serrulata, Brazil, Mato Grosso; (20) dissimilis, Brazil, Goias; (21) grisea, holotype; (22) grisescens, holotype; (23) obliqua, holotype; (24) divaricata, Guyana; (25) mexicana, Mexico, Autlan; (26) chilensis, Chile, El Convento; (27) peruviana, holotype; (28, 29) westwoodi, Brazil, Mato Grosso; (30, 31) dallasi, Brazil, Mato Grosso. Figs. 32—40, aedeagus: (32) westwoodi, Brazil, Mato Grosso, left lateral view of conjunctiva, showing ejaculatory reservoir complex by trans­ parency; (33) same, dorsal view of conjunctiva; (34) dallasi, Brazil, Mato Grosso, ejaculatory reservoir complex, dorsal view; (35) serrulata, Brazil, Mato Grosso, aedeagus entire, ventral view, showing ejacu­ latory reservoir complex by transparency; (36) same, conjunctiva, left lateral view; (37) divaricata, Guyana, conjunctiva, dorsal view, showing ejaculatory reservoir complex by transparency; (38) peru­ viana, holotype, conjunctiva, dorsal view; (39) same, left lateral view; (40) same, ventral view. A revision of the neotropical genus Vilga Stal 35

44

T\

45 U FIGS. 41—48. Figs. 41—42, right half of ovipositor, external view, most structures shown by trans­ parency of first valvifer: (41) dallasi, Brazil, Mato Grosso; (42) westwoodi, Brazil, Est. Rio. Figs. 43—45, right sclerite of gynatrium wall, dorsal view, caudal end at top of page; (43) dallasi, Brazil, Mato Grosso; (44) westwoodi, Brazil, Est. Rio; (45) dissimilis, Panama. Figs. 46—48, spermatheca: (46) dallasi, Brazil, Mato Grosso; (47) westwoodi, Brazil, Est. Rio; (48) chilensis, Chile, El Convento. short tubercles, posterolateral angles produced face of each distal dorsolateral lobe; distal into short, acute spines. Scutellum weakly ventrolateral lobes lightly sclerotized on convex. Hemelytra with costal margin granu­ posterior face; distal dorsolateral lobes much late; disc of membrane with veins parallel, longer than distal ventrolateral lobes. cross-veins absent. Lateral margins of abdo­ Female abdominal sternite VII cleft minal sterna III—VII granulate to tuberculate, apically for about one-third of its length. posterolateral angles of sterna produced into Second valvulae truncate apically, egg channel short spines. opening between apices of second valvulae Antennifer with outer apical process short, only. Sclerites of gynatrial wall with median acute, gently deflexed. Dorsal auricle of meta­ arms abruptly convergent apically, slender, thoracic scent gland peritreme bilobed, about one and a quarter times as long as anterior lobe about twice as large as posterior transverse arms. lobe. Antennal segment I and femora on The species of this subgenus approximate dorsal and ventral faces bearing at least some more closely than those of the other sub­ tubercles, tubercles often long. Anterior and genera to the typical facies of Old World intermediate femora each with one sub­ Pseudophloeinae. apical spine beneath or spine indistinguish­ able from tubercles; posterior femur with two major spines, the more distal one much the Vilga (Vilgula) dissimilis Distant longer, usually with a few granules between (Figs. 4, 10, 20 and 25) them, with a series of three or four tubercles Vilga dissimilis Distant, 1893: 369, PI. 33, between the distal spine and apex of femur. Fig. 21. Male paramere with apex oblong, flattened. Vilga spinosula Montandon, 1897: 184-185, Straps of ejaculatory reservoir complex short syn.nov. or very short, not articulating with wings; Length: o*, 6.3—7.8 mm, mean 6.8 mm vesica long, of uniform diameter throughout; (n = 6); 9, 7.1-7.3 mm, mean 7.2 mm (n = 3). sclerites at base of vesica fused together to Characters of the subgenus. Antennal seg­ form a lightly sclerotized cup; wings long, ment I shorter than width of head measured extending as a sclerotized strip along posterior across antennifers, length of segment I divided 36 W. R. Dolling

by width of head including eyes in male Lectotype 9, PANAMA: Chiriqui, David 0.67-0.79, mean 0.72 (n = 6), in female (Champion), here designated. Paralectotype 9, 0.71-0.81, mean 0.76 (n = 3). Ratio of same data. (Both in BMNH). Vilga spinosula lengths of antennal segments I: II: III: IV in Montandon, Lectotype d, COSTA RICA: La male about 1.00:0.76:1.16:0.85, in female Vruca, 1100 m (P. Biolley), here designated. about 1.00:0.74:1.15 :0.76. Segment I granu­ Paralectotype d, COSTA RICA: Buenos late and tuberculate, segments II and HI Aires (M. H. Pittier). (Both in MGA). granulate. Antennifer with a short tubercle at PANAMA: Id, El Valle, xii.1963 (L. J. external anterodorsal angle. Bottimer). PANAMA (Canal Zone): Id, 19, Pronotum (Fig. 4) with posterolateral intercepted at Miami, Florida, U.S.A. quaran­ spines short, laterally directed. Width of tine, 7.vii.l961 (W. D. McLellan); Id, Fort pronotum across tips of spines divided by Gulick, 2.vii.l974 (O'Briens and Marshall); head width including eyes in male 1.70—1.85, 1 d, 1 9, Coco Solo, 2.vii.l975 (G. B. Marshall mean 1.77 (n = 6), in female 1.60-1.78, and C. W. and L. O'Brien); Id, Coco Solo mean 1.70 (n = 3). Disc of pronotum granu­ Hospital, 9°2l'N, 79°5l'W, 2.vii.l974 late, lateral margins tuberculate. Scutellum (Engleman); Id, Code, 10 miles S.W. of as long as its own basal width, with a few large Penonome, 26.vi.1974 (C. W. and L. O'Brien granules on margins. Femora dorsally and and Marshall); 1 9, Fort Clayton, v. 1944 (K. ventrally and tibiae dorsally with short E. Frick). COLOMBIA: 19, Magdalena, tubercles. Curumani, 50 km S of Bercerrill, 22.vii.1968 Lateral margins of abdominal sternites (B. Malkin). GUYANA: 1 d, Georgetown, (Fig. 10) granulate, no granule higher than its 4.vii.l911. BRAZIL: 2d, Ceara, Crato, Serra own basal width. Male paramere as in Fig. 20. do Araripe, 850 m, v.1962 (M. Alvarenga); Conjunctiva with dorsomedian lobe low, flat- 1 d, Goias, Gurupi, 800 km N of Brasilia, topped; distal dorsomedian lobe higher and 13.ix.1963 (Westminster School Expedition); narrower than dorsomedian; distal dorso­ Id, 'Amazons', 1861 (H. E. Bates). (AMNH; lateral lobes each with two short, divergent BMNH; UM; USNM; CAS; T. R. Yonke Coll.; lobes at apex; apical ventral lobes small; distal Canadian National Collection, Ottawa; Texas ventrolateral lobes shorter than distal dorso­ A. and M. College, College Station). lateral lobes, deeply bilobed, posterior lobe Both Distant and Montandon in their lightly sclerotized; ventral wall of conjunctiva original descriptions overlooked the project­ below ejaculatory reservoir with a Y-shaped ing tubercles ('spines') on antennal segment I. sclerotization, the two posterior arms of the These tubercles are pale and difficult to see Y terminating at junction of distal dorso­ without good illumination, but are never­ lateral and distal ventrolateral lobes on pos­ theless almost as long as in V.serrulata terior face of conjunctiva. Female with Montandon. The differences noted by sclerites of gynatrial wall as in Fig. 45. Montandon (loc. cit.) in the form of the Colour greyish ochreous, tibiae strami­ posterior angles of the last pregenital segment neous with basal, median and distal annuli (VII) between the types of dissimilis Distant dark ochreous grey. Femora dark ochreous and spinosula Montandon are correlated with grey with paler spots. Forewing membrane the sex of the specimens and are paralleled in colourless, veins of membrane brown occa­ the other species of the genus. The male para­ sionally interrupted by colourless spots. lectotype of spinosula from Costa Rica and a Pubescence colourless or silvery. Long, erect male from Goias, Brazil differ from the other hairs present only on pronotum and very specimens examined in the form of the first sparsely on dorsal surface of head, remainder antennal segment, which is narrower and of pubescence short, suberect on antennae, tapers more distinctly towards the base. rostrum and legs, semidecumbent onabdominal sterna and laterotergites and on scutellum, clavus and corium, decumbent and crisped on Vilga (Vilgula) grisea sp.nov. head, pronotum, thoracic pleura and sterna (Fig. 21) and among suberect pubescence of femora. Length: d, 7.2 mm (n = 1); 9 unknown. Material examined. Vilga dissimilis Distant, Similar to V.dissimilis Distant, but readily A revision of the neotropical genus Vilga Stal 37 distinguished from it and from other species Very similar to V.dissimilis Distant, but of the subgenus by the greater length of readily distinguished from it and from other antennal segment I, which exceeds the width species of the subgenus by the shape of the of the head including the eyes only in this pronotum. species. Known only from the male holotype. Ratio of antennal segments I: II: III: IV Ratio of antennal segments I: II: III: IV as about 1.00:0.71:1.17:0.85. Length of 1.00 : 0.60 : 1.03 : 0.66. Length of segment I antennal segment I about equal to width of divided by width of head including eyes 1.08. head across antennifers, 0.85—0.88, mean Width of pronotum across tips of posterolateral 0.86 (n = 3) times width of head including spines divided by width of head including eyes eyes. Pronotum (Fig. 3) with posterolateral 1.97. Male paramere (Fig. 21) broader than in angles directed anterolaterally, making an angle V.dissimilis. Setigerous tubercles of antennal of about 40° with transverse axis of body; segment I, pronotum, femora and tibiae much width of pronotum measured across tips of longer than in V. dissimilis. Abdominal sternites posterolateral spines divided by width of head with lateral margins tuberculate, tubercles up including eyes 1.86-1.93, mean 1.89 (n = 3). to twice as long as their respective basal widths. Male paramere (Fig. 23) slightly broader than Colour pattern as in V.dissimilis but whole that of V.dissimilis. Granulation and tuber­ insect darker grey. culation of body as in dissimilis except that Holotype d, BRAZIL: Mato Grosso, lateral margins of abdominal sternites bear 12°50'S, 51°47'W, Gallery Forest, some tubercles up to one and a half times as 23.ix.l968(0. W. Richards) (MN). long as their own basal width, in addition to granules. Coloration as in V.dissimilis. Vilga (Vilgula) grisescens sp.nov. Holotype d: BRAZIL: Linhares, Espirito Santo, v. 1968 (M. Alvarenga). (MN). (Fig. 22) Paratypes: BRAZIL: 1 d, Campinas, iii. 1924 Length: d, 6.9 mm (n= 1); 9 unknown. (F. X. Williams); 1 d, Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, Similar to V.dissimilis Distant, but readily 24.vii.1964 (C. A. Triplehorn). (B. P. Bishop distinguished from it and from other species Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii and Ohio State of the subgenus by the more elongate scutel­ University, Columbus, Ohio). lum, which is 1.14 times as long as its basal width. Known only from the male holotype. Ratio of antennal segments I: II: III: IV Vilga (Vilgula) serrulata Montandon as 1.00 : 0.61 : 1.02 : 0.71. Length of antennal (Figs. 8, 11,16, 19, 35 and 36) segment I divided by width of head including Vilga serulata (err. typ.) Montandon, 1897: eyes 0.94, this segment longer than head width 185-186. measured across antennifers. Width of prono­ Vilga serrulata Bergroth, 1913: 156 (emend.) tum across tips of posterolateral spines divided by head width including eyes 1.85. Male para­ Length: d, 6.6—7.2 mm, mean 6.9 mm mere (Fig. 22) very broad. Granulation and (w = 6);9, 6.8mm(n = 1). tuberculation of body as in V.dissimilis but General appearance (Fig. 8) very similar to slightly more pronounced; lateral margins of that of V.dissimilis Distant, but distinguished abdominal sternites granulate to tuberculate, from it by the longer tuberculation of the the longest tubercles about one and a half body, especially the lateral margins of the times their own basal width. Colour pattern abdominal sternites. as in V.dissimilis but whole insect darker Ratio of antennal segments I: II: III: IV in grey. male about 1.00 : 0.71 : 1.17 : 0.76, in female as 1.00:0.71:?:? (segments III and IV Holotype d: BRAZIL: Est. Rio, Muriqui, missing in only 9 available). Length of seg­ Mangaratiba, vii. 1969 (M. A Ivarenga) (AMNH). ment I about equal to width of head measured across antennifers, length of this segment Vilga (Vilgula) obliqua sp.nov. divided by width of head including eyes in (Figs. 3 and 23) male 0.81-0.90, mean 0.85 (n = 6), in female Length: d, 7.2-7.7mm, mean 7.5 mm 0.80 (n = 1). Segment I with many outstand­ (n = 3); 9 unknown. ing tubercles, segment II with a few tubercles 38 W.R. Dolling near base. Width of pronotum across tips of the more distal one much the longer, very posterolateral spines divided by width of head small granules between them and four including eyes in male 1.72—1.94, mean 1.80 tubercles between distal one and apex of (n = 6), in female 1.71 (n = 1). Femora (Fig. femur. 16) dorsally and ventrally and tibiae dorsally Male paramere with apex oblong, flattened. with tubercles up to twice as long as wide. Straps of ejaculatory reservoir complex very Lateral margins of abdominal sternites (Fig. short, not articulating with the wings; vesica 11) with numerous tubercles which are up to long, of uniform diameter throughout, sclerites twice as long as their own basal widths. Male at base of vesica forming a sclerotized cup but paramere (Fig. 19) similar to that of fairly distinctly separated; wings rather long, V.dissimilis. Aedeagus (Figs. 35 and 36) with extending a short way onto posterior faces of the form typical of the genus. Colour dark distal dorsolateral lobes; distal dorsolateral ochreous grey, tibiae stramineous except for lobes longer than distal ventrolateral lobes. basal and apical annuli and an imperfect Female abdominal sternite VII cleft median annulus which are dark grey, femora apically for about one third of its length. with stramineous spots. Second valvulae truncate at apex, egg channel Material examined. Vilga serrulata Mon­ opening between apices of second valvulae tandon, Holotype 9: BRAZIL (G. Fallou) only. Sclerites of gynatrial wall with median (MGA). arms slender, slightly longer than transverse Brazil: 2d, Goias, Jatahy (H. Donckier); arms. 3 d, Mato Grosso, 12° 50' S, 51° 47' W, Campo Ovarian egg cylindrical, slightly more than Grassland and Cerradao, 25.ii.1968 and twice as long as wide, with a wide ring of iii.1968 (B. E. Freeman and O. W. Richards); seven or eight aeromicropyles, chorion with Id, 'Amazons', 1861 (H. E. Bates). (BMNH; indistinct polygonal sculpturing. MGA;MN;UM). The three species included here differ from those in subgenus Vilgula in the great reduc­ tion of the tuberculature of the body but Subgenus Laevivilga subgen.nov. otherwise resemble them closely. Type-species: Vilga divaricata Distant. Form depressed, aspect spinose. Pronotum with posterior margin shallowly emarginate, Vilga (Laevivilga) divaricata Distant prescutellar spines absent, disc and lateral margins with short tubercles, posterolateral (Figs. 6, 12, 24 and 37) angles produced into short, acute spines. Vilga divaricata Distant, 1893: 369, PI. 33, Scutellum weakly convex. Hemelytra with Fig. 22 granulation of costal margin evanescent; disc Length: d, 6.9-7.1 mm (n = 2); 9, 7.5 mm of membrane with veins parallel, cross-veins (n = 2). absent or with a single, oblique cross-vein. Characters of the subgenus. Antennifer Lateral margins of abdominal sterna III—VII with a small, spine-like tubercle at external with evanescent granulation, posterolateral anterodorsal angle. Ratio of antennal seg­ angles produced into short spines. ments I : II: HI: IV in male about 1.00 : Antennifer with outer apical process short, 0.91:1.15:0.85, in female about 1.00: acute, weakly deflexed to almost porrect. 0.92 : 1.20 : 0.84. Length of segment I divided Dorsal auricle of metathoracic scent gland by width of head including eyes in male peritreme bilobed, anterior lobe about twice 0.83-0.87 (n = 2), in female 0.78-0.82 as large as posterior lobe. All antennal seg­ (n = 2). Head granulate, granules small; ments and femora granulate, not tuberculate, antennal segment I with small and large except for one or two small tubercles occasion­ granules. ally on ventral surface of femora and rarely a Pronotum (Fig. 6) with posterolateral row of tubercles on antennal segment I. angles strongly produced laterally, terminating Anterior femur with 0—1 small subapical in sharp spines directed slightly forewards. spine beneath; intermediate femur with one Width of pronotum across tips of spines spine; posterior femur with two major spines, divided by width of head including eyes in A revision of the neotropical genus Vilga Stal 39 male 2.15-2.16 (n = 2), in female 2.24-2.35 12 50 S, 51 45 W, Cerradao, 15.ii-8.iii. 1968 (n = 2). Disc and margins of pronotum with (B. E. Freeman) (MN). small tubercles and large granules. Lateral margins of abdominal sternites (Fig. 12) almost smooth between the triangu­ Vilga (Laevivilga) sanctipauli sp.nov. larly produced posterolateral angles. Male Length: d, 6.9 mm (n = 1); 9 unknown. paramere (Fig. 24) very similar to that of Very similar to V.divaricata Distant, but V.dissimilis Distant. Conjunctiva (Fig. 37) differs in the tuberculation of the first anten­ similar to that of dissimilis except that the nal segment and the pilosity of the pronotum. various lobes are shorter and the vesica and Known only from the d holotype. wings of the ejaculatory reservoir complex Antennifer with a slightly longer external are also shorter. apical spine-like tubercle than that of divari­ Colour reddish ochreous; tibiae, except for cata. Antennae with segment I bearing a row basal and apical annuli, antennal segments II of tubercles and large granules on the outer and III, clavus and corium stramineous; a face, several of the tubercles very obviously triangular area in middle of apical margin of longer than broad. Length of segment I corium piceous, bisected by a stramineous divided by width of head including eyes 0.72. vein; part of anterior midline of pronotum, Ratio of segments I:II:HI:IV as 1.00:0.90: ocellar tubercles, posterior border of clavus 1.29:0.97. Width of pronotum across tips of and lateral margins of scutellum piceous. posterolateral spines divided by width of head Pubescence white, very short, semidecumbent including eyes 2.09. Disc and lateral margins to decumbent except for some long, erect, of pronotum with large granules, not tubercles, slightly curved colourless hairs borne on each bearing a short, strongly curved and tubercles and larger granules of disc of generally posteriorly directed pale seta. pronotum. Corium with two piceous spots close to apical Ovarian egg 1.30 x 0.60 mm. margin, one on each side of a cream-white Material examined. Vilga divaricata Distant, longitudinal vein. holotype 9: PANAMA, Volcan de Chiriqui, Holotype d, BRAZIL, Sao Paulo, Piraci- 25-4000 ft (=750-1200 m) (Champion) caba, 22.U965 (W. E. and C. A. Triplehorn). (BMNH). (Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio). GUYANA: 1 d, Rio Essequibo, viii—ix. 1968 (Imperial College Expedition); Id, 19, Bartica District, Kartabo, 29.vi.1922 and 31.viii. 1922 (M. D. Havilland). (BMNH). Subgenus Trichovilga subgen.nov. Type-species: Vilga mexicana Distant. Form depressed, aspect spinose and hispid. Pronotum with posterior margin very Vilga (Laevivilga) brasiliensis sp.nov. shallowly emarginate, prescutellar spines (Fig. 2) absent, disc and margins with rather long Length: 9, 7.7 mm (n = 1); d unknown. tubercles, posterolateral angles produced into Very similar to V.divaricata Distant in short spines. Scutellum weakly convex. appearance, coloration, sculpture and pilosity, Hemelytra with costal margin tuberculate, but differs from it in the form of the prono­ setae of tubercles very long; disc of membrane tum. Known only from the female holotype. with numerous cross-veins. Lateral margins of Ratio of antennal segments I: II: III: IV as abdominal sterna III—VII tuberculate, 1.00:0.94:1.25:0.82; length of segment I posterolateral angles produced into short divided by width of head including eyes 0.78. spines. Pronotum (Fig. 2) with posterolateral angles Antennifer with outer apical process short, shortly produced and directed obliquely fore- acute, gently deflexed. Dorsal auricle of wards at an angle of about 45° to body axis; metathoracic scent gland peritreme biolbed, width across tips of posterolateral spines anterior lobe about one and a half times as divided by width of head including eyes 1.97. large as posterior lobe. Antennal segments Holotype 9: BRAZIL: Mato Grosso, I—III, tibiae and femora with long setiferous 40 W. R. Dolling tubercles. Anterior and intermediate femora female brachypter 0.78-0.81 (n = 2). Setae without any subapical spines distinguish­ arising from tubercles of segments I—III and able from tubercles; posterior femur with two on segment IV suberect, longer then diameter major subapical spines, the distal one very of segment II or III. long, a few granules between them and four Pronotum with posterolateral angles tubercles between distal spine and apex of abruptly produced into spines projecting at femur. right angles to longitudinal axis of body, Male paramere with apex oblong, flattened, width across tips of spines divided by width of narrow in dorsal aspect but deep in vertical head including eyes in male macropter 1.94— plane. Straps of ejaculatory reservoir complex 2.13, mean 2.04 (72 = 3), in male brachypter very short, not articulating with wings; vesica 1.72-1.79 (n = 2), in female macropter rather short, of uniform diameter throughout; 1.97-2.27, mean 2.10 (n=4), in female sclerites at base of vesica indistinctly differen­ brachypter 1.81-1.83 (n = 2). Apex of tiated from membraneous parts of wall of hemelytral membrane in macropter reaching conjunctiva; wings long, extending onto apex of abdominal tergite VII when at rest, in posterior face of each distal dorsolateral lobe brachypter reaching to about middle of tergite as a sclerotized strip; distal dorsolateral lobes V. Brachypters about half as frequently found much longer than distal ventrolateral lobes. as macropters. Female abdominal sternite VII cleft apic­ Male paramere (Fig. 25) broad in vertical ally for about one third of its length. Second plane, appearing narrow in dorsal view. valvula truncate at apex, egg channel opening Aedeagus as in V.dissimilis Distant, but non- between apices of second valvulae only. coiled part of vesica only half as long as in Sclerites of gynatrial wall with longitudinal that species and dorsomedian lobe of con­ median arms slender, apically convergent, junctiva higher. about one and a quarter times as long as Colour greyish ochreous; tibiae largely transverse arms. stramineous; basal, apical and sometimes This rather isolated subgenus comprises a median annuli of tibiae, extreme apex of single species of very hispid aspect. Brachyp- corium, posterolateral spines of abdominal tery is of frequent occurrence in this species. sternites and posterior margins of abdominal Alary dimorphism is unknown elsewhere in laterotergites and of tergites VI and VII more the Pseudophloeinae. or less deeply coloured piceous. Long, sub- erect to erect, white to brown pubescence present on dorsum head, on antennae, prono­ Vilga (Trichovilga) mexicana Distant tum, femora, tibiae, corium and abdominal (Fig. 25) laterotergites. Shorter, white, suberect to semi- Vilga mexicana Distant, 1892-1893: 368- decumbent pubescence present on head, 369, PI, 33, Fig. 20 rostrum, coxae, trochanters, femora, tarsi, Length: d macropter, 6.8—7.0 mm, mean abdominal sternites and laterotergites. Long, 6.9 mm (n = 3); d brachypter, 6.9—7.2 mm white, decumbent to tomentose pubescence (n = 2); 9 macropter, 7.1—7.8 mm, mean present on pronotum, scutellum, thoracic 7.5 mm («=4); 9 brachypter, 7.4—8.1 mm pleura and sterna, clavus and corium. (n = 2). Material examined. Vilga mexicana Distant, Characters of the subgenus. Ratio of Lectotype 9 macropter: MEXICO: Guerrero, antennal segments I: II: III: IV in male Tierra Colorado, 200 ft (=60 m), x. (H. H. macropter about 1.00:0.62:1.31:0.71, in Smith), here designated. Paralectotype 9 male brachypter about 1.00:0.67:1.37:0.67, brachypter: MEXICO: Guerrero, Omilteme, in female macropter about 1.00:0.65:1.32: 8000 ft (=2400 m), vii (H. H. Smith). (Both in 0.65, in female brachypter about 1.00:0.67: BMNH). 1.37:0.73. Length of segment I divided by UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: Id, width of head including eyes in male macropter, Arizona, 16 km E. of Sonoita, macropter 0.84-0.89, mean 0.87 (n = 4), in 9.viii.l940 (E. S. Ross). MEXICO: 1 9 male brachypter 0.84—0.85 (n = 2), in female macropter, Mazatlan, Venedio, 15.vi.1918 macropter 0.85-0.93, mean 0.89 (n = 4), in (J. A. Kusche); Id, 19 brachypter, A revision of the neotropical genus Vilga Stal 41

Tepoztlan, Morelos, 5.V.1963 (W. J. Gertsch Female abdominal sternite VII cleft apic­ and W. Ivie); 1 d macropter, Colima, W. ally for about one third of its length. Second Autlan, 15.ix.1971 (T. F. Halstead, W. valvulae truncate at apex, egg channel opening Nunes); 19 macropter, Jalisco, Puerto Los between apices of second valvulae only. Mazos, 14 km N. of Autlan, 23.viii.1970 Sclerites of gynatrial wall with median arms (M. J. and/. S. Wasbauer); 1 d, 1 9 brachypter, slender, slightly convergent apically, about Tejupilco, Temascaltepec, 24.vi.1933 (H. E. one and a quarter times as long as transverse Hinton, R. L. Usinger). EL SALVADOR: 2d arms. macropters, San Salvador, 14-30.vi.1959 (J. This subgenus appears to be a southern Bechyne); 19 macropter, Finca La Paz, temperature offshoot of Vilgula, chiefly Volcan San Vicente, 5-6.viii.1959 (/. confined to the Andes. It comprises three Bechyne). (BMNH; CAS; UC; IRSNB and species of small size and depressed form. AMNH). The specimen designated as paralectotype is that referred to by Distant in his original description of the species as 'an immature Vilga (Platyvilga) chilensis (Stein) comb.nov. form from Omilteme'. (Figs. 5,13, 15, 26 and 48) Arenocoris chilensis Stein, 1860: 253. Pseudophloeus chilensis (Stein) Signoret, Subgenus Platyvilga subgen.nov. 1863:559. Type-species: Arenocoris chilensis Stein. Signoret, loc. cit. refers to 'Atractus Form strongly depressed, aspect slightly chilensis Sturm' as being listed in Dohrn spinose, appendanges short. Pronotum with (1859), but there is no chilensis listed under posterior margin shallowly emarginate, pre­ Atractus in Dohrn's catalogue, nor does it scutellar spines absent, disc with a few, large, contain any 'chilensis Sturm' in any Coreid blunt tubercles, margins with small tubercles, genus. Arenocoris chilensis Stein was published posterolateral angles triangularly produced. after Dohrn's catalogue had appeared and per­ Scutellum weakly convex. Hemelytra with haps Signoret's 'A tractus chilensis Sturm' was costal margin bearing small granules; disc of a lapsus due to copying from an annotated membrane with numerous cross-veins. Lateral copy of the catalogue, in which Arenocoris margins of abdominal sterna III—VII bearing was treated as a synonym of A tractus. small granules, posterolateral angles slightly Length: d, 5.5—6.8. mm, mean 6.1mm prominent. (n = 5); 9, 6.8-7.5 mm, mean 7.2 mm (n = 4). Antennifer with outer apical process short, Characters of the subgenus. Body ovate. acute, gently deflexed. Dorsal auricle of meta­ Antennal segment I granulate to shortly tuber­ thoracic scent gland peritreme bilobed, lobes culate, segments II and III strongly granulate; subequal. Antennal segment I and femora on ratio of segments I: II: III: IV in male about dorsal and ventral surfaces with short 1.00:0.69: 1.33 : 0.84, in female about 1.00: tubercles. Anterior and intermediate femora 0.71 : 1.33 : 0.78; length of segment I divided without subapical spines distinguishable from by width of head including eyes in male tubercles; posterior femur with a single short 0.67-0.73, mean 0.69 (n = 5), in female subapical spine beneath. 0.65-0.74, mean 0.70 (n = 4). Antennifer Male paramere with apex narrowly oblong. with tubercle at outer apical angle scarcely Straps of ejaculatory reservoir complex very distinct from other tubercles of antennifer. short, not articulating with wings; vesica very Width of pronotum (Fig. 5) across tips of short, constricted towards apex; sclerites at posterolateral angles divided by width of head base of vesica not differentiated from wall including eyes in male 1.75-1.98, mean 1.84 of conjunctiva; wings rather long, extending (n = 5), in female 1.87-2.02, mean 1.94 onto posterior face of each distal dorsolateral (n = 4). Hemelytra with apex of corium at rest lobe as a sclerotized strip; distal dorsolateral reaching to level of disc of laterotergite V, lobes slightly longer than distal ventrolateral apex of membrane not exceeding apex of lobes. tergite VII in male or VIII in female. Posterior 42 W. R. Dolling femur (Fig. 15) with the single subapical spine to level of base of laterotergite VI, apex of tubercle-like, with apica seta. membrane distinctly reaching beyond apex of Lateral margins of abdominal sternites abdomen. Anterior and intermediate femora (Fig. 13) with scattered small granules, each bearing a single, large tubercle in position posterolateral angles produced into short of subapical spine; posterior femur with a spines; laterotergites with posterior and outer single subapical spine. Coloration, sculpture margins strongly elevated. Male paramere and pubescence as in V.chilensis. narrow, as in Fig. 26. Conjunctiva with dorso­ Material examined. Vilga penningtoni median lobe broad, its dorsolateral angles Bergrdth, Holotype 9: ARGENTINA: 'Rio de produced, distal dorsomedian lobe small, la Plata'. (ZMU). distal dorsolateral lobe with small subsidiary lobe about halfway along its ventral face, apical ventral lobes well developed, distal ven­ trolateral lobes weakly bilobed apically; vesica Vilga (Platyvilga) peruviana sp.nov. with non-coiled portion tapering to apex. (Figs. 27, 38, 39 and 40) Spermatheca (Fig. 48) with bulb appendi­ Length: d, 5.6 mm (n = 1); 9, 6.2—6.3 mm, cular^ at distal end. mean 6.2 mm (n = 3). Colour dark grey-ochreous, tibiae paler Similar to V.chilensis (Stein) but distin­ except for basal and apical annuli. Pubescence guished by its smaller size, paler coloration very short, colourless, semidecumbent over and shorter antennae with relatively longer most of body; pubescence of antennae, tibiae segment IV. and tarsi also very short, suberect, colourless; Ratio of antennal segments I: II: III: IV in pubescence of pronotum and femora of short, male as 1.00:0.69:1.31:1.03, in female colourless,mixed suberect and semidecumbent about 1.00 : 0.72 :1.31 : 0.94; length of seg­ types. ment I divided by width of head including Material examined. Arenocoris chilensis eyes in male 0.55 (n = 1), in female 0.54— Stein, Holotype d: CHILE: Philippi. (MNHU). 0.56, mean 0.55 (n = 3). Width of pronotum CHILE: 1 d, Santiago, Puelina; Id, 19, across tips of posterolateral angles divided by Santiago, El Convento, 3—4.vii.l964 and width of head including eyes in male 1.75 17.ix,1966 (L. E. Pena); 2d, 2 9, Santiago, (« = 1), in female 1.73-2.10, mean 1.91 Renca, v. 1954 (Pena); 1 9, Bio Bio, 5km W. (n = 3). Hemelytra as short as in V. chilensis. of Tucapel, 28.xii.1950 (Ross and Michel- Male paramere (Fig.- 27) slightly shorter than bacher); 1 d, Linares, Parral district, Villegas, that of V.chilensis; aedeagus (Figs. 38, 39 and 27-30.X.1960 (Pena). ARGENTINA: Id, 40) similar to that of V.chilensis but vesica Chubut, Leleque, 15.xii.1963 (A. Kovacs). expanded at apex after narrowing distally. (BMNH; AMNH; J. A. Slater Coll., University Colour reddish-ochreous. of Connecticut; MNHU; CAS and Canadian Holotype d: PERU: Camacani, 3700 m, National Collection, Ottawa). I9-21.xi.1955 (L. E. Pena) (BMNH). Para­ types: PERU: 2 9, same data as holotype; 1 9, Cuzco, Sacsayhuaman, 3900 m, 5.vii.l971 (C. and M. Vardy) (BMNH). Vilga (Platyvilga) penningtoni Bergroth Vilga Penningtoni Bergroth, 1925: 88. Length: 9, 7.5 mm; male unknown. Similar to V.chilensis (Stein) and differing Subgenus Echinovilga subgen.nov. chiefly in the longer hemelytra. Known only Type-species: Vilga dallasi Distant. from the female lectotype. Form rather depressed, aspect very spinose, Ratio of antennal segments I: II: III: IV appendages long and slender. Pronotum very as 1.00:0.71 : 1.29 : 0.78; length of segment I shallowly emarginate posteriorly, prescutellar divided by width of head including eyes 0.71. spines present, disc and margins with very Width of pronotum across tips of postero­ long tubercles, posterolateral angles produced lateral angles divided by width of head includ­ into long, slender spines. Scutellum flat, mar­ ing eyes 1.87. Apex of corium at rest reaching gins bearing long tubercles. Corium with A revision of the neotropical genus Vilga Stal 43 costal margin proximally and apical margin Vilga dallasi Distant, 1881: 147, PI. 14, Fig. bearing several long tubercles; disc of hemely- 16. tral membrane without cross-veins. Lateral Length: d, 8.0-8.8 mm (n = 2); 9, 9.1- margins of abdominal sterna III—VII with 9.9. mm, mean 9.6. mm (n = 4). long tubercles, posterolateral angles produced Characters of the subgenus. Antennifer as long spines. bearing a very long spine at outer apical Antennae with segment IV the shortest, angle. Some tubercles of antennal segment I less than half as long as III, specialized apical exceeding in length the width of the segment, sensory region occupying 0.8—0.9 times its segments II and III with progressively shorter total length. Antennifer with outer apical tubercles. Ratio of lengths of antennal seg­ process broad, rounded apically, abruptly ments I: II: III: IV in male about 1.00 : deflexed at right angles immediately after its 0.91:1.23:0.59, in female about 1.00: origin. Dorsal auricle of metathoracic scent 0.90 : 1.24 : 0.51; length of segment I divided gland peritreme divided by ventral incision by width of head including eyes in male into two lobes, anterior lobe about twice as 1.10-1.23 (n = 2), in female 1.12-1.25, long as posterior. Femora, tibiae and antennal mean 1.19 (n = 5). segments I, II and base of III bearing long, Pronotum (Fig. 7) with spines at postero­ setiferous tubercles. Anterior and inter­ lateral angles very long, directed laterally and mediate femora each with a single, ventral, very slightly upcurved, width across tips of subapical spiniferous tubercle; posterior femur spines divided by width of head including with two long, vental, subapical spiniferous eyes in male 2.74—2.79 (n = 2), in female tubercles, the distal one much the longer, 2.78-3.03, mean 2.91 (n = 5); prescutellar 0—1 short, spiniferous tubercle between them angles each with a long, tubercle-like spine, and a series of about four small tubercles disc with a pair of long spines and numerous between distal major tubercle and apex of shorter tubercles. Scutellum equilateral. femur. Tibiae dorsally with two rows of tubercles, Male paramere with apex broad, expanded femora with a double row of tubercles both and flattened. Straps of ejaculatory reservoir dorsally and ventrally and smaller tubercles complex long, articulated to wings. Sclerites and granules on anterior and posterior faces at base of vesica large, free. Vesica inflated in of femora. middle of non-coiled portion, gonopore Posterolateral angles of abdominal sternites surrounded by a flange. (Fig. 14) produced into long, slender spines Female abdominal sternite VII cleft apic­ each about as long as width of corresponding ally for about half its length. Second valvulae laterotergite; lateral margins each with two or pointed at apex, egg channel opening between three long tubercles, some smaller tubercles first and second valvulae. Sclerites of gynatrial present on posterolateral spines. Male para­ wall with median arms slightly broadened mere (Figs. 30 and 31), vesica and ejaculatory towards middle, not convergent, nearly twice reservoir complex (Fig. 34), female ovipositor as long as transverse arms. Spermathecal duct (Fig. 41), sclerites of hynatrial wall (Fig. 43) irregularly convoluted near bulb and with a and spermatheca (Fig. 46) as described for the sac-like expansion at its junction with gyna­ subgenus. trium. Colour dark greyish brown to cinnamo- Chorion of ovarian egg with longitudinal meus. Suberect to erect, pale brown or colour­ ribbing and without obvious reticulate sculp­ less pubescence, usually arising from tubercles turing. or granules, present on all parts of head, The single species included here is morpho­ antennae, rostrum, legs, pronotum, scutellum, logically very isolated within the genus, veins of clavus and corium, thoracic pleura particularly as regards the shape of the vesica, and sterna and abdominal sternites and latero- second valvulae and spermathecal duct. tergies; white, decumbent to semidecumbent pubescence, usually arising from very small granules, present on antenna! segments I—III, Vilga (Echinovilga) dallasi Distant coxae, trochanters, femora, clavus, corium, (Figs. 7, 14, 17,30, 31,34, 41, 43 and 46) head, pronotum, scutellum, thoracic pleura 44 W. R. Dolling and sterna and abdominal sternites and latero­ New York and Dr T. R. Yonke, University of tergites, this pubescence especially long and Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A. woolly on pronotum and thoracic pleura. Ovarian egg (Fig. 17) 1.72 X 0.67 mm, References narrowed towards micropylar end, with a Baerensprung, F. (1860) Cataiogus Hemipterorum small ring of seven areomicropyles. Europae Hemiptera Heteroptera Europaea syste- Material examined. Vilga dallasi Distant, matice disposita. Suppl. to Bert. ent. Z. 4. Lectotype 9: GUATEMALA: San Geronimo Berg, C. (1894) Descripciones de algunos hemipteros (Champion) (BMNH), here designated. Para- heter6pteros nuevos 6 poco conocidos. An. Mus. nac. Montevideo, 1, 13—27. lectotypes: Id, 19, same data as lectotype Bergroth, E. (1913) Supplementum catalogi Heterop- (BMNH) London). terorum Bruxellensis. II. Coreidae, Colobathris- BRAZIL: 19, Pernambuco, Iguaragu, tidae, Neididae. Mem. Soc. ent. Belg. 22, 125 — 1887 (?), (H. N. Ridley); 19, Iguaracu, 188. Bergroth, E. (1925) Notes on some Coreidae (Hem. 1888(?), (G. Ramage); Id, Mato Grosso, Het.). Konowia, 4, 82-88. 12°50'S, 51°47'W,Cerradao, 14.iii.1968 (O. Dallas, W.S. (1852) List of the specimens of Hemip- W. Richards); 1 9, same locality and habitat, terous in the collection of the British 29.ii.1968 (Richards). FRENCH GUIANA: Museum. Part II: 369—592. London. 2 9, Cayenne (Prudhomme). (BMNH; MN and Distant, W.L. (1880-93) Biologia Centrali Ameri­ cana. Insecta. Rhynchota.Hemiptera-Heteroptera, MGA). Vol. I. The Brazilian specimens are greyer than the Dohrn, F.A. (1859) Cataiogus Hemipterorum. Guatemalan type series and bear shorter and Stettin. more numerous tubercles on the posterior Fieber, F.X. (1860—61) Die europaischen Hemip­ tera. Halbfl&gler. (Rhynchota. Heteroptera). Wien. part of the pronotum. Horvath, G. (1884) Ueber Centrocoris variegatus Berg, C, 1894: 22 records a specimen of Koien. und seine Verwandten. Wien. ent. Ztg. 3, this species from Paraguay. 111-115. Kolenati, F.A. (1845) Meletemata Entomologica Fasc. II. Petropolis. Montandon, A.L. (1897) Hemiptera-Heteroptera Acknowledgments Coreidae. Notes sur le genre Vilga Stal et descrip­ tions d'especes nouvelles. But. Soc. Sti. Buc. 6, I am indebted to the following colleagues for 183-186. the loan or donation of material: Dr P. H. Pennington, M.S. (1922) Notas sobre Coreidos argentine*. Physis. B. Aires, 5, 125—170. Arnaud, Jr, CAS, San Francisco; Dr U. Reuter, O.M. (1888) Revisio synonymica Heterop- Gollner-Scheiding, ZMHU, Berlin; Mr T. F. terorum palaearcticum quae descripserunt Halstead, Arizona Commission of Agriculture acuctores vetustiores. Part II. Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. and Horticulture, Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A.; 15,445-812. Dr I. M. Kerzhner, ZI, Leningrad; Mr I. Lans- Signoret, V.A. (1863) Revision des Hemip teres du Chili. Ann. Soc. ent. Fr. (4) 3, 541-588. bury, UM, Oxford; Dr M. Meinander, ZMU, Stal, C. (1860) Till kannedomen on Coreida. Ofvers. Helsinki; Dr Doc Aurelian Popescu-Gorj, K. VetenskAkad. Forh. Stockh. 16,449-475. MGA, Bucharest; Dr G. Schmitz, IRSNB, Stal, C. (1870) Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Part I. Brussels; Professor J. A. Slater, University of K. svenska VetenskAkad. Handl. 9 (1), 1-232. Stein, J.P.E.F. (1860) Ueber einige Coreiden- Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, U.S.A.; Gattungen. Bert. ent. Z. 4, 246-256. Mr. S. L. Szerlip, UC, Berkeley; Dr P. Wygodzinsky and Mr M. U. Shadab, AMNH, Received 27 September 1976