From GSM-R to Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS)

Bologna,91 Maggio 2018 Topics 1 2 3

Standardization FRMCS and Overview and Migration Aspects Status from GSM-R

2 Driver for Next Generation Broadband Communication - FRMCS Future Railways Mobile Communication System

Demand for Broadband Optimization of Long Term Support Application networks • Support ERTMS/ETCS for next decades • Increasing operational • Further unifying network efficiency technology • Manage obsolescence of GSM technology • Improving Customer • Reduce complexity experience • Increase flexibility

3 Broadband enables new services

Customer loyalty Efficiency & process automation • Passenger Information • Real time CCTV • News & travel information • Alarm notifications • Travel route visualization • Fleet management • Internet, email, chat *) • Energy metering • Passenger suggestion box • Real-time vehicle tracking • Ticketing ^^ New revenues • Passenger counting • Optimizing bistro processes • BBoT: Broadband on • Automated Operation • Video on demand, Audio books • Replacement of wireline communication • Gaming • Sensors • “On the fly” seat reservation • Predictive Maintenance • Bistro shopping • Self Organized Networks (SON) • Advertising (indirect revenue)

4 : GHCN: Broadband applications via SP’s or in acceleration of Next Gen Ground to Train trends unlicensed spectrum with proprietary Radio solutions Metros already deploying LTE Tele2 successful trial with MEC

EUROPE: SK: NAR: allocating B38 (2.6GHz TDD) to Spectrum available CP/CN expressing strong intention the Public Sector on a regional basis SKT doing LTE for Busan Metro to introduce Next Gen regional SP’s interested in Mission Japan: ITEC planning to serve CBRS upcoming Critical LTE (eg MdM, B42) Tokyo metro with LTE Tel Aviv LRT opening to Voice, CCTV Data and Internet on single RAN UK Broadband on Train compelling event, HS2 in 2026 SNCF PoC

INDIA: Possible acceleration ME: of Next Gen Radio General interest in LTE Qatar early adopter IRAN willing to investigate

LATAM: MEX: possible allocation of spectrum to govt, incl. railways BR: Nokia strong footprint Asia: Dhaka L6 will use LTE Malaysia open to LTE AFRICA: Thailand interested in LTE Mass transit systems are still a handful Spectrum generally not available to railways, AUS: but trend is evolving Spectrum available Transnet applied for LTE450MHz, and will BHP under deployment deploy LTE1800 for port operations Several PTA’s deploying 5 RFI for Sitarail in Cote d’Ivore LTE Remote Train Control is next gen pushed by railways vendors evaluating remote train control at railways yards

Project details: Train control system: MALS by Average train speed: up to 3 km/h Control method: 2 way communication –Telemetry/Train signaling Monitoring method current: visual by Control Center tower located in the center of railways yard ,

Luzskaya railways yard station, region, Russia

Number of tracks at the station: 30 tracks in average Railways yard spread: up to 30km

6 Number of railways yards in Russia: ~1500 yards Example of trends in Italy

7 Convergence towards one integrated technology for rail

Services Train Control Mission critical Operational Passenger (ETCS, CBTC, PTC,..) voice applications applications

GSM-R for operational communication & ETCS Radio technologies Public GSM & others for maintenance, electricity meters,…

Wi-Fi for traffic offload in train stations LTE for all services Analog for shunting on low traffic lines & non-critical com.

Separate ERTMS and CBTC radio

Passenger BBoT via public 2G/3G/4G, SAT, Flash OFDM

8 GSM-R is expected to be supported until about 2030 Different speed of LTE/FRMCS deployments in Europe and other regions

Europe R12 R13 R14 R15 R16

Concepts Standards + realization Trials Deployments / migrations

Support of GSM-R from ROC Industry Group until 2030 Gap

Train Control / ETCS Level 2 Europe until 2050

China LTE trials and early deployments

Korea LTE trials and early deployments Winter Olympics Australia LTE trials and early deployments. LTE Mining Deployment

Timeline as currently discussed

2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030

9 Next Generation –High level overview on involved bodies & activities

EU Agency for Railways: Coordination WP

Others ? Requirements and China conditions related to ETCS Korea FRMCS, URS Studies, TSI Metro, Suburban European Drafting regulation. requirements Coordination and support documents Studies, Pilots UIC System Reference ERA document for spectrum Development and Operator publication of Industry: TC RT standards. System ROC-IG (Nokia, KCC, Funkwerk, Architecture Siemens, Frequentis Leonardo, Sierra Wireless)

3GPP Specification for mission critical communication Others SA 1/SA 6 Work Item Rapporteur by Nokia 10 UIC User Requirement Specification

FRMCS / URS

Critical Performance Business Communication Communication Communication Applications Applications

M2M & Telemetry, Voice incl. Group calls CCTV, Passenger Info, WiFi on Board Train Control Staff communication, M2M & Telemetry (critical) Lineside (fixed)

essential for train to improve the to support the railway movements and performance of the business operation in safety railway operation general, such as wireless internet

Eirene New Eirene New New

Comparison to GSM-R/EIRENE. Existing enhancements of EIRENE like features 11 1 2

Standardization FRMCS and Overview and Migration Aspects Status from GSM-R

12 e2e railway Nokia solutions

Depot

Ticketing Rail operator

Network End-to- Manage- end Core Core ment security

Optic & IP/MPLS mission critical network Geo-redundant M2M / Software radio & core Connec- Defined ted rail Network Radio Radio

Packet Micro- wave Signaling Mass transit High speed rail Freight train - Urban rail

13 Industry vision: FRMCS will be implemented on LTE Network

Efficiency & automation LTE infrastructure (radio/core/data portfolio) • Fleet management • Energy metering

Trackside & stations Multiradio/ Application • M2M communication small cells servers • CCTV LTE devices LTE On board LTE core dispatcher • Passenger Information equipment Service Optical, Microwave and IP/MPLS • Emergency call points • Broadband on Train • CCTV • Ticketing

Flexible deployment scenarios End-to-end LTE railway trackside, Future evolution towards 5G depending on customer strategy station & onboard services

14 LTE: IMS / VoLTE Domain – Network Architecture

Open MGW CS & PS domain CS MGW IMS Voice domain IMS Voice domain main components: Voice over CS TAS 3G/2G Mw • TAS BSS/RNC • CSCF R99 MSC / D R4 MSS ISC • Open BGW HLR HSS Sh • iNUM CSCF, BCF

Sv / Cx EPC domain SGs

S6a iNUM SGSN MME Rx Gm

PCRF Gx Gx

Data & Voice Open BGW LTE eNodeB ATGW, ABGW over IP GGSN P/S-GW

15 GSM-R to full LTE migration A stepwise approach , flexible for different markets and segments

Full LTE for Railways

Railway layer GSM-R + LTE multimedia over IMS LTE IMS

GSM-R + LTE pure data overlay GSM-R LTE IMS • All services over LTE • Multiple user communities (highest priority: Rail, Public Safety; GSM-R LTE • Mission critical voice over GSM-R lower priority: Service Provider) • Multimedia over LTE (incl. voice, video, maintenance applications, PTT) • Mission critical voice & location over GSM-R • High speed data over LTE (database access) • Over the Top PTT (proprietary) 18 Spectrum for LTE – under discussion in Europe in ETSI/UIC/ERA

GSM-R spectrum in Europe Possible reuse for LTE-R

873/918 876/921 880/925 E-GSMR GSMR 4MHz 3MHz

LTE 1.4 Mhz (7 Mb/s max with MIMO) LTE GSM-R This is currently focused in ETSI NG2R as most applicable solution LTE GSM-R LTE 3 Mhz (21 Mb/s max with MIMO) for the mission critical features defined by FRMCS LTE 5 Mhz (35 Mb/s max with MIMO) LTE GSM-R

G LTE 2*3 Mhz LTE LTE S M CEPT WG-FM56 (discussions Carrier Agg. (42 Mb/s max with MIMO) - R in FR, etc…)

LTE 1.4 Mhz (7 Mb/s max with MIMO) SRD LTE GSM-R

19 From GSM-R to Next Generation Railway Communication

GSM-R voice & data GSM-R + LTE for Railways

OSS OSS HLR evolves to HSS TAS*) MCPTT CCTV… HLR/ IN HLR IN/AS IN system evolution HSS IMS application server. ICS architecture option

GPRS evolves to EPC MSS/ MSS GGSN SAE GW/ IMS Nokia: same HW&SW today MGCF GGSN PDG MSS & MGW SGSN/ MGW SGSN Interworking (functionality MGW MME of a MGCF/MGW) with VoIP IMS networks (eSRVCC). BSC BSC LTE BTS Same Node for 2G and 4G 2G BTS Non 3GPP WiFi access: Core 2G/4G Node MULTEFIRE or Radio aggregation WiFi

*) TAS comprises of MMTel services (IR.92, IR.94 and beyond), SCC AS (Session transfer, T-ADS,CAMEL Homing) IP-SM-GW (SMSoIP, SIP IM, T-ADS), IM-SS, MRFC (tones and announcements, conference) Regulatory services (LI, ACR, MNP), Charging (online, offline), VMS, IVR interfaces 20 Repository interfaces: Sh, MAP and LDAP RFI Network Evolution towards 2030

2017 2020 (Coesistence GSM-R / FRMCS) 2030

2G BTS / eNodeB 2G BTS eNodeB Radio Access BSC BSC

R4 MGW (R99 MSC) R4 MGW (R99 MSC) CS CORE R4 MSS IMS R4 MSS

GGSN & SAE-GW GGSN SAE-GW PS CORE SGSN & MME SGSN MME

HLR & HSS HLR HSS

IN IN IN (Application)

OSS OSS OSS 21 Virtualization

• Less Footprint • Less Power • Less Complexity • More resource flexibility

Cloud Security Director Service Orchestration

FIREWALL/ OSS Security Element Network Management DNS Manager

HLR/ Virtualized Network Functions HSS … SAE GW/ GGSN Hypervisor VMware (ESXi) KVM SGSN/ MME DC HW Airframe Compute Storage Networking + 3rd party 22 R4 MSS How About 5G is expected to be LTE provides a foundation for 5G and will remain the introduced in ~2020 main cornerstone in 5G for railway communication

Extreme Mobile Broadband

Massive Critical machine machine communication communication • 10 Gbps network speeds • Extremely low latency • New applications based on massive broadband capabilities

24 LTE technology for mission-critical voice • LTE is intrinsic part for 5G introduction • LTE as such already provides support for 5G concepts like IOT support (with LTE-M, NB-IOT, cloudification of core and radio) Train control • 5G focus initially on high + 5G for non-critical massive broadband density deployments (6GHz up to 30/60/60 GHz) • 5G to rely on OFDM Station Depot technology as well -> we are talking about evolution of Shared deployment radio, not revolution. (network slicing) Especially for low band (e.g. MiMo like LTE)

25 Thank You