Chec List Update on the Checklist of Fish Species of the Bolivian Amazon

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of Update on the checklist of fish species of the Bolivian Pascal I. Hablützel 1,2*, Takayuki Yunoki 1, Luis Torres Velasco 1 ists L

1 Universidad Autónoma del Beni “José Ballivián”, Centro de Investigación de Recursos Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias, Campus Belgium.Universitario “Dr. Hernán Melgar Justiniano”, Trinidad, Beni, Bolivia. 2 University of Leuven, [email protected] of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Biology Department. Ch. Deberiotstraat 32 box 2439, 3000 Leuven,

* Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: Apistogramma urteagai Kullander, 1986 and Vandellia sanguinea In 2010 and 2011 new checklists of fish species occurring in the Bolivian Amazon have been published. We add 21 species to these lists of which two are new reports for Bolivia ( Eigenmann, 1917). The other 19 taxa have been reported earlier for the Bolivian Amazon. Their absence on previous checklists indicate the difficulties to compile an overview of the current literature on the fish fauna of the Bolivian Amazon. The ichthyofauna of Bolivia is still not entirely known and many species await formal descriptions. Future collection efforts and taxonomic reviews might rise the number of known Bolivian fish species considerably in the near future.

Introduction Abbreviations: CBF (Colección Boliviana de Fauna, La Paz, Bolivia), CIRA-UAB (Centro de Investigación de Recursos Acuáticos - Universidad Autónoma del Beni, Bolivia is one of the richest countries of the world when Trinidad, Bolivia). measured in its biodiversity (Ibisch and Mérida 2004). This stands in a stark contrast with the poor taxonomic Results and Discussion knowledge of the fish species in the Bolivian Amazon. et Although this information is crucial for nature conservation al. (2010) nor Carvajal-Vallejos and Zeballos Fernández and ecological research, there are serious gaps in our Twenty one fish species not listed in neither Pouilly knowledge about the occurrence and distribution ofet fish al. 2010;taxa in Carvajal-Vallejosthis region. Recently, and new Zeballos checklists Fernández of fish species 2011). (2011) have Apistogrammabeen found to occur urteagai in the Kullander Bolivian 1986 Amazon and of the Bolivian Amazon has been published (Pouilly Vandellina(Table 1). Of sanguinea those 21 species, three are reported as new for Bolivia ( Hyphessobrycon elachys Weitzman, However, the authors of these faunal surveys missed a 1984; see Hablützel, 2012). Eigenmann Corydoras 1917) mamore or have Knaack, been substantial amount of species occurring in the study area, 2002,reported Apistogramma very recently similis ( Staeck 2003 and A. acrensis indicating the difficulties to compile an overview on the Amazon.available literature. In this brief review, we will present a list of additional fish taxa occurring in the Bolivian Staeck 2003 have been reportedHyphessobrycon in foreign language pando Materials and Methods Hein,aquarium 2009, hobbyist Serrasalmus literature odyssei (Knaack Hubert 2003; and Renno,Staeck 2003;2010, JurengraulisLahrmann 2010). juruensis Six (Boulenger,species ( 1898), Aphyolebias claudiae Costa, 2003, Nannoptopoma sternoptychum Reports of fish species for the Bolivian Amazon in this Megalonema amaxanthum Lundberg study stem from a literature survey including old and German language reports and from re-examinations of fish Schaefer, 1996 and specimens depositedet al. in (2010) the collections nor Carvajal-Vallejos of the CIRA-UAB and and Dahdul 2008) have apparently been overlooked by and CBF. Only fish taxa with available names appearing other researchers. The remaining nine species inhabit in neither Pouilly (sub-) mountainous streams of theet Andes al. 2010; at more Carvajal- than Zeballos Fernández (2011) are included in this article. Vallejos250 m altitude, and Zeballos a region Fernández which 2011).has not been considered Note that these two studies did not consider species from in other recent checklists (Pouilly the Andean portion of the Bolivian Amazon River drainage or from the Acre River drainage. Exotic species and taxa Although only a small fraction of the 21 fish species not identified at species Apistogramma level (questionable urteagai taxonomic: CBF are new reports for Bolivia, the present brief review on status or new species) were not considered in this study. some rarely read literature will further contribute toet Material examined: al.our (2010) knowledge and Carvajal-Vallejos on Bolivian ichthyodiversity and Zeballos and Fernández can be de00829, Dios 4 drainage,specimens, Pando, and CBF Bolivia, 00851, Jaime 2 specimens, Sarmiento arroyo and regarded as an update on the publications by Pouilly Sorayasin nombre, Barrera, S. W. 09 San October Miguel, 1991.11°40’ S, 67°43’ W, río Madre Vandellia sanguineath (2011). Below, we will shortly discuss questionable or new June 2001. recordsSiluriformes as well as – records Trichomycteridae published in journals which may : CIRA-UAB 1071, 1 thspecimen, río be difficult to obtain. Madre de Dios at El Chive, Pando, Bolivia, 28 208 Hablützel et al. | Fish species of the Bolivian Amazon: Update

Vandellia sanguinea

Eigenmann 1917 is first reported Record). The morphological characters visible from the from Bolivia. The species was identified based on accompanying picture showing two adult malesApistogramma and the the diagnostic arrangements of odontodes following acrensisproximity to the type locality leave few doubtA. about urteagai the Eigenmann (1918). Although the identification literature accuracy of the species identification. used is quite dated, the geographical proximity to the Apistogramma is morphologically acrensis quite similar to type locality (Santo Antonio de Madeira in the vicinity Kullander 1986, a species also included in this paper. of Porto Velho) is consistent with the occurrence of can be distinguished from the this hematophageous species in the Bolivian Amazon. latter by having the lateral band widened posteriorly, Especially as their hosts (large pimelodid catfish) can reaching a width of about two scale rows in the posterior surpass theVandellia cataracts of the Madeira River between Porto portion (vs. width of one scale row along the entire length Velho and Guayaramerín (Goulding 1979). At least three of the lateral band (Staeck 2003)). Future collection efforts data).species of occur in the Bolivian Amazon of which in the Bolivian Acre River drainage will certainly lead to oneTrichomycterus appears to be new tiraquae to science (Hablützel unpublished several new reports for Bolivia, as its ichthyofauna is quite distinct fromApistogramma the remaining urteagai Bolivian Amazon, which (Fowler 1940) has not been entirely belongs to the upper Madera River drainage. Wosiackiincluded in2003; the checklistFerraris 2007) by Carvajal-Vallejos considered it as and a synonym Zeballos Specimens of in the collection FernándezT. rivulatus (2011) because several authors (De Pinna and of the CBF have been identified using the accurate morphological description by Kullander (1986). The of Valenciennes 1846 (Carvajal-Vallejos pers. collectionOsteoglossiformes site is situated – Osteoglossidae in the Madre de Dios River comm.). However, a more recent detailed morphological drainageArapaima about gigas 250 km downstream of the type locality. examinationPerciformes confirmed – Cichlidae its species status (Fernández and et al. 2005; MirandaApistogramma 2007). acrensis Carvajal-Vallejos et (Schinzal. 1822) is considered as an exotic species (Sarmiento and Barrera 2004; Hrbek Staeck 2003 has been reported 2011). Interestingly, when screening from the vicinity of Cobija (Acre River drainage) by old literature concerning the Bolivian ichthyofauna, Lahrmann (2010) in a German aquarium hobbyist we found an anecdotal report by Heath (1883), stating journalTable 1. (note that this journal is indexed by the Zoological et al.that the species is native to the lower course of the río Fish taxa of the Bolivian Amazon not included in neither Pouilly (2010) nor Carvajal-Vallejos and Fernández Zeballos (2011) along with informationTAXON about reference and currently known geographic distribution.REFERENCE + type locality within BolivianDISTRIBUTION Amazon. WITHIN THE BOLIVIAN AMAZON Clupeiformes Engraulidae Jurengraulis juruensis (Boulenger, 1898) Kullander and Ferraris 2003 Characiformes Crenuchidae Mamoré and lower Iténez River drainage Characidium schindleri + Characiformes Characidae Zarske and Géry, 2001 Zarske and Géry 2001 upper Mamoré River drainage Bryconacidnus hemigrammus Pearson, 1924 + Pearson 1924 Hyphessobrycon elachys Weitzman, 1984 Hablützel, 2012 upper Beni River drainage Hyphessobrycon pando Hein, 2009 + Hein 2009 Mamoré river drainage Knodus longus + Manuripi river drainage Knodus shinahota Ferreira and Carvajal, 2007 + Ferreira and Carvajal 2007 Zarske and Géry, 2006 Zarske and Géry 2006 upper Beni River drainage Characiformes Serrasalmidae upper Mamoré River drainage Serrasalmus odyssei Hubert and Renno, 2010 + Hubert and Renno 2010 Siluriformes Trichomycteridae widespread in the Bolivian Amazon Trichomycterus tiraquae (Fowler, 1940) + Fowler 1940 Vandellia sanguinea Eigenmann, 1917 CIRA-UAB upper Mamoré River drainage Siluriformes Callichthyidae Madre de Dios River drainage Corydoras mamore Knaack, 2002 + Knaack 2002 Siluriformes Astroblepidae Mamoré River drainage Astroblepus longiceps Pearson, 1924 + Pearson 1924 Siluriformes Loricariidae upper Beni River drainage Farlowella altocorpus Retzer, 2006 + Retzer 2006 Hypostomus levis Pearson, 1924 + Pearson 1924 upper Beni River drainage Nannoptopoma sternoptychum upper Beni River drainage Siluriformes Heptapteridae Schaefer, 1996 Schaefer 1996 Mamoré and Madre de Dios River drainages Rhamdella rusbyi Pearson, 1924 + Pearson 1924 Siluriformes Pimelodidae upper Beni River drainage Megalonema amaxanthum + Cyprinodontiformes Rivulidae Lundberg and Dahdul, 2008 Lundberg and Dahdul 2008 Tahuamanú River drainage Aphyolebias claudiae Costa, 2003 + Costa 2003 San Pablo River drainage Perciformes Cichlidae Apistogramma acrensis Staeck, 2003 Acre River drainage Apistogramma similis Staeck, 2003 + Staeck 2003 Lahrmann, 2010 Apistogramma urteagai Kullander, 1986 CBF Beni and Mamoré River drainages Madre de Dios River drainage 209 Hablützel et al. | Fish species of the Bolivian Amazon: Update

Zootaxa 1418: 1-628. Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriformKnodus shinahota primary types. Beni, but extremely century rare (allegedly statements, restricted A. gigas to the lake “Mamorebey”). th Although not too much faith should be Ferreira, K.M. and F.M. Carvajal.Neotropical 2007. Ichthyology 5(1): (Characiformes: 31-36. put in such 19 has been Characidae) a new species from the río Shinahota, río Chapare basin (Mamoré system), Bolivia. well known as an important target species for fisheries Fowler, H.W. 1940. ZoologicalProceedings results of ofthe the Academy second of Bolivian Natural expeditionSciences of at the time and species misidentification may be unlikely Philadelphiafor the Academy 92: 43-103. of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1936-1937. biodiversitybecause of its inventories unique morphology. and genetic However, analysis this (Hrbekanecdotal et Part I. – The fishes.Ecologia da pesca do rio Madeira al.report does certainly not fulfill today’s requirements for Goulding, M. 1979. . Manaus: INPA. 172 p. 30 years (Carvajal-Vallejos et al. [Portuguese translation of the English original publication] 2005) as well as population dynamics over the past Hablützel,Biota Neotropica P.I. (2012). 12(4): A preliminary 1-10. survey of the fish fauna in the A. gigas vicinity of Santa Ana del Yacuma in Bolivia (río MamoréProceedings drainage). of , 2011) support a recent the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, New Howintroduction many fish of species are in therethe Bolivian in the Bolivian Amazon. Amazon? Heath,Monthly E.R. 1883. Series Exploration 5(6): 327-347. of the River Beni in 1880-1. Hein, G. 2009. Hyphessobrycon pando Bulletin of Fish Biology 10(1/2): 1-10. sp. n., a new rosy tetra from (LauzanneOver the et last al. 25 years, several numbers have been northern Bolivia (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae). published to answer this question. Starting at 389 Arapaima gigas et al. 2000) and Hrbek, T., I.P. Farias, M. Crossa, I. Sampaio, J.I.R. Porto and A. Meyer. 973 (Pouilly et al. 1991), the reported number of species conservation.2005. Population Animal genetic Conservation analysis 8(3): of 297-308. , one of the continuously increased to 688 (Chernoff Hubert,largest N. and freshwater J.F. Renno. fishes 2010. of Evolution the Amazon of the basin: Neotropical implications Ichthyofauna for its 2010). Whereas the latter two studies – molecular and evolutionary perspectives about the origin of fish . Saarbrücken: Éditions Universitaires uncritically compiled data from the literature, Carvajal- communities in the Amazon Vallejos and Zeballos Fernández (2011) evaluated theet 2004. Biodiversity: the richness of Bolivia. reliability of the available data and combined it with StateEuropéennes. of knowledge 95 p. and conservation al. Ibisch, P.L. and G. Mérida (ed.). own records. They corrected the estimate by Pouilly Knaack, J. 2003. Ein weiterer neuer Panzerwels. Ministry aus Bolivien: of Sustainable Corydoras (2010), which suffered from questionable records and mamoreDevelopment. Santa Cruz de la Sierra: Editorial FAN. 644 VDA-aktuellp. misidentifications, to 714 species. Here, we add 21 other 2003(1): 16-24. Kullander, S.O. n. 1986. sp. (Pisces, Siluriformes, Callichthyidae). . species to the list and many species may still await their Cichlid fishes of the Amazon River drainage of Peru discovery. However, several species may still have to be discarded from current lists as misidentifications and Stockholm: Swedish Museum of Natural History. 431 p. Check Kullander,list of the S.O. freshwater and C.J. Ferraris, fishes of Jr. South 2003. and Family Central Engraulidae America. Porto(Anchovies); Alegre: future revisions will therefore not necessarily lead to a EDIPUCRS.p. 39-42 In Reis, R.E., S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (ed.) higher number of reports. Certainly, future checklists should be more critical regarding false reports and every Aquarium (I). Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift 63(4): 26-30. Lauzanne,Lahrmann, L., F. 2010.G. 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