Readings Covered Further Reading What Kind of Motion?

(from before) Ware, Chap 10 [navigation] Lecture 12: Navigation Rapid Controlled Movement Through a Virtual 3D Workspace Jock I rigid Mackinlay, , and George Robertson. Proc SIGGRAPH Tufte, Chap 2: Macro/Micro I rotate/pan/zoom Information ’90, pp 171-176. I easy to understand CPSC 533C, Fall 2006 Pad++: A Zooming Graphical Interface for Exploring Alternate Interface Physics Ben Bederson, and James D Hollan, Proc UIST 94. Effective View Navigation, George W. Furnas, Proc. SIGCHI 97, pp. I object shape static, positions change 367-374 Space-Scale : Understanding Multiscale Interfaces George I morph/change/distort Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI 95. Critical Zones in Desert Fog: Aids to Multiscale Navigation, Susanne I object evolves Jul and George W. Furnas, Proc. UIST 98 Speed-Dependent Automatic Zooming for Browsing Large I beating heart, thunderstorm, walking person UBC Computer Science Documents Takeo Igarashi and Ken Hinckley, Proc. UIST 00, pp. Design Guidelines for Landmarks to Support Navigation in Virtual I multiscale/ZUI 139-148. Environments Norman G. Vinson, Proc. SIGCHI 99. I object appearance changes by viewpoint 19 October 2006 Smooth and Efficient Zooming and Panning. Jack J. van Wijk and Tuning and testing scrolling interfaces that automatically zoom Andy I focus+context Wim A.A. Nuij, Proc. InfoVis 2003, p. 15-22 Cockburn, Joshua Savage, Andrew Wallace. Proc CHI 05. I carefully chosen distortion

Ware Chapter 10 - Spatial Navigation Rapid Controlled Movement Spatial Navigation Design Guidelines for VE Landmarks

I Ware’s derived guidelines I world in hand I real navigation only partially understood I enough so always can see some I good: spinning discrete objects I compared to low-level perception, JNDs I Rapid Controlled Movement Through a I visually distinguishable from others I bad: large-scale terrain Virtual 3D Workspace I spatial memory / environmental cognition I visible and recognizeable at all scales

I eye in hand I Jock Mackinlay, Stuart Card, and George I city: landmark/path/whole I placed at major paths/junctions

I explicitly move camera Robertson. Proc SIGGRAPH ’90, pp 171-176. I implicit logic I others, only some of of these crossover for

I walking I move to selected point of interest I evolved to deal with reality infovis! I need all 5 types of landmarks I real-world walking I normal to surface, logarithmic speed I so we’ll learn from synthetic worlds I path,edge,district,node,landmark I terrain following I trajectories as first-class objects I but we can’t fly in 3D... I concrete not abstract I flying I video I how much applies to synthetic I asymmetry: different sides looks different I unconstrained 6DOF navigation environments? I clumps

I other: constrained navigation! I even perception not always the same! I different from ”data objects”

I need grid structure, alignment

Macro/Micro Pad++ Space-Scale Diagrams Viewing Window ”infinitely” zoomable user interface (ZUI) I reasoning about navigation and trajectories [video] I

I classic example:

I arms-length vs. up-close

I paper vs. computer screen

I 300-600 dpi vs. 72 dpi (legally blind)

I finally changing

I possibly available for projects

I 22” 200dpi IBM T221 display

I 9 Mpixels (4000x2000)

Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. [Pad++: A Zooming Graphical Interface for Exploring Alternate www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf Interface Physics Bederson and Hollan, Proc UIST 94] www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf 1D Version Pan-Zoom Trajectories Joint Pan-Zoom Problem Shortest Path?

Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf Shortest Path Shortest Path, Details Semantic Zooming Speed-Dependent Automatic Zooming

I Speed-Dependent Automatic Zooming for Browsing Large Documents

I Takeo Igarashi and Ken Hinckley, Proc. UIST’00, pp. 139-148.

I automatic zoom

I amount depends on how far to pan

I demo/video

I www-ui.is.s.u- tokyo.ac.jp/ takeo/java/autozoom/autozoom.htm Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces I www-ui.is.s.u- George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. tokyo.ac.jp/ takeo/video/autozoom.mov www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf

Smooth and Efficient Zooming Optimal Paths Through Space Multiscale Display Multiscale Desert Fog

I uw space: u = pan, w = zoom

I horiz axis: cross-section through objects I Critical Zones in Desert Fog: Aids to

I point = camera at height w above object Multiscale Navigation

I path = camera path I Susanne Jul, George W. Furnas UIST 98 at each step, cross same number of ellipses cross I environment devoid of navigational cues

I not just Pad: 6DOF navigation where object minimal number of ellipses fills view total Smooth and Efficient I designer strategies Zooming and Panning. Jack J. van I explicit world creation - fog not made on Wijk and Wim A.A. Nuij, Proc. purpose

InfoVis 2003, p. 15-22 I games - partial counter example

I island of information surrounded by desert fog

Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces I Pad: min/max visibility distances George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. Smooth and Efficient Zooming and Panning. Jack J. van Wijk and www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf Wim A.A. Nuij, Proc. InfoVis 2003, p. 15-22 View-Navigation Theory Critical Zones What’s This? Fisheye Focus+Context View!

I region where zoom-in brings interesting views I Effective View Navigation, CHI 97 I show with navigation ”residue” I George Furnas I unambiguous action choice I characterizing navigability: viewing graph I visible critical zone ”residue” of stuff beneath I nodes: views I zoom out if see nothing I links: traversible connections I extension to VN theory I 1. short paths between all nodes I 3. all views contain good residue of all nodes I true in ZUIs (e.g. speed-dependent zooming) I 4. all links must have small outlink-info

I 2. all views have small number outlinks I must build support for these into ZUIs

I not overwhelmed by choices I do not have ”minsize”, always use a few pixels Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces Space-Scale Diagrams: Understanding Multiscale Interfaces I they don’t address clutter/scalability George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. George Furnas and Ben Bederson, Proc SIGCHI ’95. www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/pad++/papers/chi-95-spacescale/chi-95-spacescale.pdf