ЇЇ5ІГв(І by the Ukrainian National Association Inc.. a fraternal non-profit association| ШrainianWeekl Y Vol. LVII No. 11 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989 50 cents

Accused by Russian Orthodox Church Ukrainian H/lemorial Society confronts Iryna Kalynets, Mykhailo Horyn vestiges of Stalinism in Ulcraine to be tried for 'inciting' faithful by Bohdan Nahaylo which suffered so much at the hands of JERSEY CITY, N.J. - Ukrainian The charges, which stem from the the Stalinist regime, there has been a Another important informal associa­ national and religious rights activists dissidents' participation in a moleben in strong response to the new anti-Stalin tion has gotten off to an impressive Iryna Kalynets and Mykhailo Horyn front of St. George's Cathedral in Lviv, campaign that has developed since start in Ukraine, strengthening the have been accused by the Russian commemorating Ukrainian Indepen­ Mikhail Gorbachev ushered in glasnost forces pushing for genuine democrati­ and democratization. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church, Lviv eparchy, of dence Day on January 22, claim that zation and national renewal in the cultural intelligentsia, especially the instigating religious conflicts among Mrs. Kalynets and Mr. Horyn yelled republic. On March 4, the Ukrainian writers, as well as a host of new informal believers. Their trial was scheduled tor obscenities directed at Metropolitan Memorial Society held its inaugural groups, have sought a more honest March 9 and 10. Nikodium, hierarch of the Russian Or­ conference in Kiev. The following day, depiction of Ukraine's recent past and thodox Church in Lviv. several thousand people are reported to the rehabilitation of the victims of Investigators have questioned a num­ have taken part in the society's first' political terror. State Department ber of witnesses for the prosecution, public rally, which also took place in the By last summer, for example, mem­ among them Metropolitan Nikodim; a Ukrainian capital. bers of the Writers' Union of Ukraine priest at St. George's, the Rev. Pavlo report cautious Like its namesake in Moscow, the were calling for erection of a monument Kochkodan; an elder of the church, Ukrainian Memorial Society is com­ in Kiev to the millions of victims of Oleksander Voytovych; a member of the mitted to honoring the victims of Stalin's man-made famine in Ukraine in on Soviet reforms church committee, Yura Sharovsky;dea­ Stalinism and cleansing Soviet society 1932-1933, and the preparation of WASHINGTON - The U.S. State con Forostyna; employees of theeparchal of Stalinist vestiges, but it places its "White Books" on this tragedy, as well Department's annual Country Reports administrative offices, Ihor Kolomiy- focus on икщіпе, and there is a na­ as oil, ppUtical persi^cution from the on Human Rights acknowledges that chuk,Tvlykdla Zakhurchyshyn ahd^Oleb tional element in the goals it has set 1930s right up until the 1970s. during 1988 reforms did take place in Lehkyi; an on-duty employee of the the USSR, but that "Most of the current itself. Towards the end of 1988, Memorial eparchal administration, Ihor Liak- groups based on the original association reforms have yet to be reinforced by the hovych: and a pensioner, Yosyp Masyk. Background adoption of laws, administrative regula­ (Continued on page 16) It is not surprising that in Ukraine, (Continued on page 11) tions and bureaucratic procedures that will ensure the rights of individual citizens.'' In regard to General Secretary Mi­ Stalin's victims number 40 million, says historian khail Gorbachev's policies of glasnost MOSCOW -- Soviet historian Roy ^ Some I million died in forced from the Baltic republics and the and perestroika, the report says, 'These Medvcdev is quoted in the newspaper relocations of national minorities. western regions of Ukraine and policies had a major impact in 1988 in Argumenty і Fakty (Arguments and Other victims included: Byelorussia were the subjects of mass introducing changes in the perception Facts) as saying that 40 million persons 9 In 1927-1929, I million persons, repressions. and functioning of the Communist were killed, arrested or otherwise mostly members of political opposition ^ During the second world war, up to system." persecuted during the regime of Joseph groups and leaders of the New Econo­ 2 million Germans were deported and Thus, the public has been given Stalin in 1924-1953, reported the Asso­ mic Policy implemented under Lenin, some 3 million Moslems were forced to greater opportunity to express its views ciated Press. were sent to jail or exiled. move. and the limits of private enterprise were About half that number died in labor ^ In 1930-1932, 9 million to 11 9 After 1940, 2 million to 3 million expanded during the year covered by camps, as a result of forced collectivi­ million peasants were deported to persons were arrested for reporting late the report. In addition, "The limits of zation and the ensuing famine, and in Siberia and other remote regions. At to work, a crime then punishable by up permissible dissent in 1988 continued executions. least 1 million more were deported in to five years in a labor camp. to expand ... and an increasing number Mr. Medvedev cited these figures in 1933. The figures appeared in an article of informal organizations and publica­ an interview with the weekly tabloid, ^ In 1935, I million former officials, titled 'The Number of Victims of tions are appearing." whose circulation is about 20 million. merchants and noblemen were branded Stalinism is about 40 million People." The report cautions, however, that Observers hailed the release of "class enemies" and deported from In the question-and-answer-format "Unlike other government agencies, the these figures in a Soviet publication as Moscow, Leningrad and other cities. interview, Mr. Medvedev pointed out KGB has been subjected to only a an attempt to remove "blank spots" in ^ In 1937-1938, 5 million to 7million that many periods of repression under modicum of glasnost and perestroika." Soviet history. people were arrested during the "Great Stalin may never be fully measured It also notes that, "The severe punish­ According to The New York Times, Terror." because the records have disappeared or ment meted out in the past (to dissen­ Argumenty і Fakty has become the ^ In 1939-1941, I million persons never existed. ters) has, however, been replaced by fastest growing and consistently most short-term detention, administrative informative newspaper in the USSR. sentencing of demonstrators, selective The paper originated as an informa­ Bykovnio residents speok out summons for admonishment or re­ tion digest for Communist Party propa­ proof, and harsh press attacks." gandists, lecturers and editors. It is In the report's section on the treat­ largely dictated, the Times wrote, "by about Stolin-ero mass grave ment of prisoners, the report points out: the letters that pour in - 1,000 a day - BYKOVNIA, Ukraine - Resi­ head. The Nazis lined up their vic­ "Many Soviet prisoners suffer both from readers, whose 'Voracious appe­ dents of this village near Kiev are tims on the edge of a ravine and mental and physical abuse and mistreat­ tite for basic information," has been speaking out, after 50 years of fearful machine-gunned them, the AP was ment during interrogation, trial and aroused by the policy of glasnost. silence, about the fact that up to told by Mykola Lysenko, a retired confinement, according to a variety of The Associated Press reported on Mr. 300,000 people buried in a mass economist who wants the truth to be reliable sources. Prisoners released in Medvedev s calculations oi the number grave in a nearby forest were killed known. 1988 report that prison and camp of Stalin's victims. It gave the following not by the Nazis, as the Soviets have Petro Z. Kukovenko, the AP conditions have not improved. Life in breakdown, based on the interview in claimed, but by agents of Joseph noted, says he summoned the cou­ prison or labor camps continues to be Argumenty і Fakty. Stalin. rage to speak after a Soviet commis­ marked by isolation, poor diet and ^ In 1932-1933, 6 million to 7 million The Associated Press reported sion reburied the bones and erected a malnutrition, compulsory hard labor, died in a famine that resulted from that the single bullet hole in each of memorial in May of 1988 blarning beatings, frequent incarceration in Stalin's agricultural policies. the skulls is evidence that these were the Nazis for the mass killings. punishment cells for violations of camp ^ During mass arrests in the 1930s, victims of Stalin. Stalin's secret "When they put up this monument rules, and inadequate medical care." between 5 million and 7 million were police shot people in the back of the (Continued on page 10) (Continued on page 8) executed or died in labor camps. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989 -No. 11

A GLIMPSE Of SOVIET REALITY Hunger Strikers demand Klymchak's release JERSFY CITY. N.J. - The Kiev Babliak and Zynoviy Melnyk on March branch ot the Ukrainian Helsinki Union 12, Hryhoriy Minailo and Borys Khy- declared during its March 3 meeting a lenko on March 13, Renat Poliovy and Industrial pollution plagues chain of hunger strikes demanding the Nadia Levchenko on March 14, Petro release of Ukrainian political prisoner Sokolovsky and Klym Semeniuk on areas throughout Ukraine Bohdan Klymchak from Perm labor March 15, Dmytro Fedoriv and Panas Mykhailyshyn on March 16, Vasyl by Dr. David Marples be a favorite bathing area for local camp No. 35, reported the External Gurdzan and Yevhen Obertas on residents, but which is now being Representation of the Ukrainian Hel­ March 17, Sava Trokhymenko and polluted. sinki Union last week. Industrial pollution has become the Roman Trokhymenko (father and son) Consequently, the radical recon­ The UHU activists split up into pairs, focus of attention in several cities and on March 18, Ihor Zaporozhets and struction of the works - which was who will maintain a series of 24-hour villages of the Ukrainian SSR. In areas Petro Zuyev on March 19, Viktor as far apart as Rivne in western U- visited by General Secretary Mikhail hunger strikes, beginning with UHU president Lev Lukianenko and head of Maritych and Yaroslav Chukhran on kraine, Odessa in the south, Kiev in the Gorbachev in 1985 - has been de­ March 20, Oleksander Tkachuk and center, and Dnipropetrovske in the east, manded. Bowing to pressure, the the Kiev UHU branch Oles Shevchenko on March 9, the 175th anniversary of Oleksa Mykolyshyn on March 21, those concerned about the local en­ USSR Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy Vitaliy Shtyria and Volodymyr Por- vironment have complained either has come up with three possible variants Taras Shevchenko's birth. The chain of hunger strikes is scheduled to go on tianyv on March 22, Taras Kompany- about existing factories and enter­ for a remodelled enterprise. Of these, chenko and Yaroslava Danyleiko on prises or those that are still in the the third variant, which entails rest­ until the authorities release Mr. Klym­ chak, who is serving a 20-year sentence March 23, Hryhoriy Prokaza and planning stage. ricting operations to a rolling section Hanna Bezpalko on March 24, Olena Although the arguments are often while importing steel from the Kryvyi on charges of ''treason'' and "anti- Soviet agitation and propaganda." Lehukh and Dmytro Steblevsky on similar, the protesters are pessimistic Rih steel combine, has been regarded as March 25, Andriy Yemelianov and about the chances of resolving the the most preferable. After Messrs. Lukianenko and Shev­ chenko the following UHU activists will Volodymyr Koval on March 26, and dilemma, largely because of an an­ The ministry is portrayed as an Tetiana Bytchenko and Anatoliy participate in the hunger strike: Mykola tiquated decision-making process for unwilling agent of change, citing the Bytchenko (married couple) on March Horbal and Vitaliy Shevchenko on building large industrial enterprises. argument that "The country needs 27. The process results in a situation metal." The correspondent of Stroi- March to, Petro Borsuk and Dmytro (Continued on page 16) whereby the planners of a factory or telnaya Gazeta asks: But is not the Korchynsky on March II, Lohvyn combine are at liberty to ignore re­ ministry demanding too exorbitant a commendations of independent expert price? commissions examining the feasibility A similarly unhappy story emanates FOR THE RECORD: Charter of a project. from neighboring Voroshylovhrad At the start of February, the USSR Oblast, at the city of Kommunarsk, of Freedom of USSR naiions Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy was which has a population of over 120,000. taken to task for its evident reluctance Here, the snow is said to be black by the As reported by The Ukrainian basic principle in international rela­ to deal with the huge Petrovsky me­ time it reaches the ground, as a result of Weekly in its February 18 issue. 16 tions and in the field of human rights. tallurgical works in Dnipropetrovske, poisonous gases thrown into the air by a participants of a meeting of non- Every nation has the right to develop which is polluting the surrounding en­ metallurgical combine and a coking- Russian representatives of national- individually. We represent the move­ vironment. chemical plant. About 250,000 tons of democratic movements on January ment of peoples, who, for decades When the factory was built in the 19th toxic substances are reportedly emitted 28-29 in Vilnius, Lithuania, issued a have struggled for national indepen­ century, it was located on the outskirts annually, including 145 separate types ''Charter of Freedom of the Enslaved dence. Without wishing to impose of the city then known as Katerynoslav. from the metallurgical combine alone. Peoples of the USSR." our ideas of a state system and Today; however, it stands in a resi­ The author of an article in Pravda The full text of the statement, sovereignty on anybody, we, how­ dential zone of Dnipropetrovske, and Ukrainy is incensed at ho\v littlp is being translated from Ukrainian by the ever, consider it unacceptable that has led to dangerous levels of toxic done to alleviate the situation in Kom­ London-based Ukrainian Press nations should exist not only within substances in the atmosphere at a radius munarsk. An experimental gas cleanser, Agency, is printed below for the the confines of an empire but also of four kilometers around the factory. which took 10 years to construct and ate record. within a federation or a confedera­ Three residential complexes are being up about 500,000 rubles of investment, tion. We require political and moral subjected to concentrations of carbon has been "forgotten about." Nature To the governments and peoples of support for our movement from all and nitrogen oxides and to sulfurous protection committees at the open- the world! governments and social organiza­ anhydride which exceed permissible hearth sections of the combine are said tions. We have hope in our under­ norms by two-three. to exist more on paper than in reality. We, the representatives of the standing of the modern world, ac­ The most disturbing sideffect of this At the coking-chemical plant, a national liberation movements of cording to which only the free and contamination is the state of health of biochemical department created to Armenia, Byelorussia, Georgia, Lat­ independent existence of peoples infants. Over the past few years, the rate clean up toxic gases has been built via, Lithuania, Ukraine and Estonia who strive towards it can guarantee a of mortality from congenital abnorma­ without many necessary parts. The city who have gathered on January 28-29, stable and peaceful development of lities in the factory area is said to have council has created a program called 1989, in the city of Vilnius have the entire world community. become exceptionally high. When com­ "Ecology," but it has remained "in the announced the formation of a com­ We call upon our compatriots pared to the neighboring October dusty archives,"according to the article. mittee, which will unite its efforts living beyond the borders of the towards the formation of nationally Raion, the Lenin Raion, in which the Turning to projects for the future, the empire to form a similar committee liberated and independent states. factory is located, has a rate of sickness most serious conflict has emerged near and to cooperate with us in order to from pneumonia and grippe among Odessa, where a chemical combine is to History has taught us that the struggle towards a common goal. infants under the age of I year up to be built on the bank of the Tylihul existence of a multi-national empire We have asked Paruir Airikian to eight times higher. estuary, near the settlement of Bere- is an anachronism and creates un­ be our representative abroad and to bearable conditions for all the In the flow water from the Petrovsky ziyka. help form such a committee. We are peoples inhabiting it. works, the content of oil-based pro­ The planners, it is reported, called convinced that our people will dis- We consider that pluralism is a ducts is 10 times above the maximum this enterprise a "factory," in order to (Continued on page 12) permissible, and seven times for iron- conceal the immense size of the pro­ based products. Downstream from the posed construction. Among its orders works is the Shevchenko Park, said to will be the production of sulfuric acid. The Berezivka combine will be located FOUNDED 1933 about 37 kilometers from another Ukrainian Weetli Thousands protest chemical combine which, it is said, is in Dnipropzerzhinske already causing damage to the Black An English-language Ukrainian newspaper published by the Ukrainian National Sea and adjacent territories. Association Inc., a non-profit association, at 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N.J. MUNICH - Komsomolskaya The article, written by Ye. Taubman 07302. Pravda on January 14 revealed that a of the Odessa Technological Institute, mass ecological protest meeting attend­ points out that an area of relaxation and Second-class postage paid at Jersey City, N.J. 07302. ed by thousands took place on Sun­ of fertile agricultural lands, will be (ISSN - 0273-9348) day, December U, 1988, in the Ukrain­ ruined by the proposed project, and that ian industrial city of Dniprodzerzhinske. recreational sites in the southern part of Yearly subscription rate: S20; for UNA members - SIO. Although the gathering was officially the Soviet Union have already reached Also published by the UNA: Svoboda, a Ukrainian-language daily newspaper. authorized, not one single representa­ the saturation point and can hardly tive of the city pary authorities took afford a reduction in number. The Weekly and Svoboda: UNA: part, said the newspaper. Prof. Taubman participated in a (201)434-0237,-0807,-3036 (201) 451-2200 The meeting was called to protest study of feasibility of the combine with Postmaster, send address against plans to build a battery of a group of experts. He emerged from it changes to: Editor: Roma Hadzewycz coking ovens at a local coke-chemical totally disillusioned with the project The Ukrainian Weekly Associate Editors: IMarta Kolomayets plant. and its planning. The whole concept, he P.O. Box 346 Chrystyna L^pychai( It is also worth noting what the writes, is based on experiments under­ Jersey City, N.J. 07303 information appeared in an article taken at small research institutes, the defending the Lyiv-based informal Lion output of which is 10 times less than will The Ukrainian Weekly, March 12, 1989, No. 11, Vol. LVIi Society and describing the hostility of be the case at Berezivka. There are nine Cdpynght 1989 by The ШГаіїїі^П W^ekiy^^^^^"^^^^^^^ local "unrestructured" officials to it. (Continued on page 15) No. 11 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989 FOR THE RECORD: initiative group's appeal Gorbachev visits Chornobyl, Donetske JERSEY CITY, N.J. - One month they faced removal if they impeded his for renewai of Шшт Ortliodox Cliurcli prior to elections to the new Congress of economic reforms of perestroika. "Any People's Deputies of the Soviet Union, political leaders on the middle level who Following is the full text (in an but the form of Christianity officially and in the wake of stirring national put sticks in the wheels of perestroika, English translation provided by the accepted by us from Byzantium had sentiment in Ukraine, Soviet leader will have to be moved out of the way," Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the from its very beginnings a distinct Mikhail Gorbachev paid a hastily he said. U.S.A.) of the appeal of the Initiative orthodox character. This tradition was prepared visit to this second most In the mining region of Donbas, Mr. Committee for the Renewal of the accepted and ratified by the Kievan populous of the Soviet republics. Gorbachev told miners that disruptions Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Metropolitan Ilarion, who whole­ In late February, Mr. Gorbachev in Ukraine, similar to last year's na­ Church. heartedly upheld the idea of Eastern visited the Ukrainian cities of Kiev, Lviv tionalist protests and strikes in the ethni­ Orthodox Christianity, as did all the and Donetske, as well as Chornobyl, the cally Armenian Nagorno-Karabakh re­ Appeal by the Initiative Committee later Ukrainian Church hierarchs site of the tragic nuclear power plant gion could hurt the nation. "If the events for the Renewal of the Ukrainian throughout the Kozak era, when the explosion. Responses by Ukrainian in Nagorno-Karabakh were felt by the Autocephalous Orthodox Church in greatest blossoming of the Ukrainian citizens to the Kremlin leader's visit entire country, you can only imagine Ukraine. Orthodox Church occurred. Let us also provided a telling sign of the current what would happen if disruptions were To the Presidium of the Supreme recall the services rendered to Church situation in this agricultural and indus­ to begin in such a republic as Ukraine," Soviet of the USSR, the Presidium of and state by the Kievan Metropolitans trial republic of 51 million people. he said. the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Job Boretsky, Petro Mohyla, Sylvester As previously reported in The After his tour of this industrial SSR and Christian communities Kosiv, the great culturally awakening Weekly (see February 26 issue), Mr. region, Mr. Gorbachev returned to throughout the world. missionary activities of the Mohylian Gorbachev's visit to the cities of Lviv Kiev, on his way to visit Chornobyl, the There are many important changes Academy in Kiev, as well as those and Kiev were met with demonstrations site of the April 1986 nuclear explosion. taking place in the spiritual life of our spearheaded by the Orthodox brother­ and protests, while KGB agents de­ In the Ukrainian capital city, he country and although this process is hoods scattered throughout Ukraine. tained leading Ukrainian national assured residents that a nuclear power inconsistent and contradictory, a great Having lost its independence in 1685, rights activists. plant being built about 400 miles away deal of light has already been shed on the Ukrainian Orthodox Church was Whereas residents of Lviv and Kiev would not go into operation if interna­ many problems which demand imme­ reborn in October of 1921 (through the protested the Russification of Ukraine, tional experts advised against it. The diate resolution. One of these problems First All-Ukrainian Orthodox Church and called for citizens not to cast votes Crimean nuclear power plant would be is the issue of religion in the Ukrainian Council). The driving force behind this for Ukrainian Communist Party boss (Continued on page 11) SSR, where over the past decades Ukrai­ rebirth of the Ukrainian Orthodox Volodymyr Shcherbytsky, in Donetske, nian faithful have been labelled as Church and its autocephaly was Metro- during one of Mr. Gorbachev's now enemies of the state or nationalists. The pohtan Vasyl Lypkivsky. In the nine famous walkabouts through this indus­ Obifuary native population of the republic has years of the Church's existence, over trial city in southern Ukraine, the been barred from praying, preaching 5,000 parishes were opened. These citizens greeted the Soviet leader warm- or pursuing a religious education in its parishes were served by 4,000 priests iy- Josept) IMartenetz, own native language. We have been and 32 bishops, all headed by the According to United Press Interna­ deprived of the most substantial gift of metropolitan. tional, in the city of Donetske, on lll(rainian Catholic the Holy Spirit to Christ's Church on As recorded in the resolutions of the Wednesday, February 22, Mr. Gorba­ the day of Pentecost when He descend­ Church Council of 1921, the Ukrainian chev pointedly warned political leaders ed on the apostles (Acts 2:8:11). "Yet Autocephalous Orthodox Church re­ bisliop of Brazil in the Church I would rather speak five flected in its activities the following STAMFORD, Conn. - Bishop Jo­ words with my understanding, that I evangelical words: "Just as the Son of DeConcini assumes seph Martenetz, exarch of the Ukrai­ may teach others also, than 10,000 in a Man did not come to be served, but to nian Catholic Church in Brazil from (another) tongue" (1 Cor. 14:19). serve, and to give His life a ransom for chairmanship of 1958 until his retirement in 1978, died The hierarchy of the Russian Ortho­ many" (Mt. 20:28). on February 23 in Curitiba, reported dox Church illegally usurped jurisdic­ Almost all the leaders of the Church Helsinki Commission the Bishop's Chancery here. Bishop tion over the Ukrainian Orthodox - lay members of the All-Ukrainian Martenetz was 86. Church in 1685, shortly after the so- Council, as well as all its bishops WASHINGTON - Sen. Dennis Bishop Martenetz was born in Lviv, called reunification of Ukraine witii including Mietropolitan Vasyl — died as DeConcini (D-Ariz.) has assumed the Ukraine, on February 7, 1903. He Russia, and to this day it does not martyrs in (labor) camps, jails or in chairmanship of the U.S. Commission studied in Mukachiv and Rome, and recognize the existence of a separate exile. In such a brutal manner the on Security and Cooperation in Europe, was ordained in Rome in 1928. Ukrainian national religious tradition, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox an independent government agency, He was consecrated a bishop in May complete with its own culture, language Church was annihilated in the 1930s comprised of Congressional and execu­ of 1958 and that same year was appoint­ and rituals. In other words, the Russian during Stalinist repressions. Ukrainian tive branch members, which monitors ed exarch for Ukrainian Catholics in Orthodox Church continues to hold a churches were massively destroyed, the compliance of Canada, the United Brazil with St. John the Baptist Cathe­ chauvinistic approach to the national while the remaining believers were States, and the other 33 East and West dral in Curitiba as his seat. question. Orthodox Ukraine, however, again forcibly incorporated into Rus­ European signatories to the Helsinki Accords. Following a stroke 15 years ago, the cannot agree with such anti-evangelical sian Orthodoxy which, although sub­ hierarch was paralyzed and sickly. and anti-canonical practices. As every ject to persecution, still enjoyed the Although the official appointment The funeral was held Saturday, civilized nation, we have an indis­ right function — a right which was was made by the House and Senate February 25, at St. John the Baptist putable right to our own autocephalous based on Stalin's system of national leadership on February 9, Sen. DeCon­ Cathedral; burial was at the cathedral's independent Church. priorities. The Russian Orthodox cini actually commenced the chairman­ cemetery. The tradition of Ukrainian Ortho­ Church does not recognize the very fact ship on February 23 during a reception doxy has its beginnings from the bap­ of the existence of the Ukrainian Ortho­ at which he honored the U.S. delegation tism of Kievan Rus' by the Great Kievan dox Church and is incapable of satisfy­ to the Vienna Follow-Up Meeting of the Prince St. Volodymyr, whose mis­ ing the religious needs of faithful Conference on Security and Coopera­ sionary work was overseen by the Ukrainians, tion in Europe (CSCE). Constantinople and Roman centers of This is why we, as Ukrainian Ortho­ He also paid tribute to outgoing chair­ Christianity. The great schism of the dox faithful, decided to form an Initia- man Rep. Steny H. Hoyer (D-Md.). Rep. Church occurred much later, in 1054, (Continued on page 13) Hoyer will now become co-chairman of the commission, in which position he will work closely with the senator to Church's reaction in diaspora direct the commission's activities. Sen. DeConcini, who served as the Below is the full text of a resolu­ The Metropolitan Council, acting commission's co-chairman during Rep. tion adopted at the February 24-25 in the name of the entire Ukrainian Hoyer's chairmanship, has been deeply sessions of the Metropolitan Council Autocephalous Orthodox Church in involved in human rights causes during of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church the United States of America, is in his 12 years in the Senate. He intends to of the U.S.A. and Diaspora. solidarity with the Committee for the maintain the commission's long-stand­ Renewal of the Ukrainian Autoce­ ing position that humanitarian con­ The Metropolitan Council wel­ phalous Orthodox Church and cerns should receive as much emphasis comes the announcement concerning pledges the committee total support. as military and security issues in the the formation in Ukraine of the Issued this 25th day of the month CSCE, or the Helsinki process, as it is Initiative Committee for the Rene­ of February, 1989 A.D., in St. An­ commonly known. wal of the Ukrainian Autocephalous drew Ukrainian Orthodox Center, Strongly believing that the develop­ Orthodox Church. We welcome this South Bound Brook, N.J., U.S.A., ment of trust in both areas is necessary if God-pleasing initiative as the first and attested to by my signature and the East and West are to build a firmer, spark of a new rebirth of the 1,000- seal. more stable relationship. Sen. DeCon­ year-old Orthodox Church in U- cini said he looks forward to guiding the kraine, and we beseech Almighty Most Rev. Mstyslav commission's participation in the up­ God that, thanks to the steps taken Primate of the Ukrainian Autoce­ coming CSCE negotiations on confi- by these primary initiators, this spark phalous Orthodox Church of the dence- and security-building measures might give rise to the flame of na­ U.S.A and Diaspora and conventional arms reductions, and tional Church resurrection. Council Chairman at the Conference on the Human Di- Bishop Joseph Martenetz THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989 No. 11

York University symposium on "Glasnost in Soviet Ul^raine" formerly repressed Ukrainian artist Ukraine and the diaspora exhibits works, speaks at conference in the era of glasnost

by Roma Hadzewycz present at a solo exhibition of his works by Dr. George G. Grabowicz focused on, comes from this triumph of imperialism. (And we must recall that held in conjunction with the symposium CONCLUSION NORTH YORK, Ontario - Before at the university's Samuel J. Zacks one of Peter's first acts towards U- 1988, during 17 years of his creative Gallery on January 29 through Fe­ But the positive developments, the kraine, in 1710, was to forbid book work, artist Feodosiy Humeniuk had bruary 10. individual events and achievements, of publication there.) only four of his works, still lifes, course, but especially the process itself In short, the issue of glasnost is the displayed at official art exhibits in the "Times have changed" and its direction, its systematics so to issue of consciousness, of ideas. A Soviet Union, He was attacked in the say, cannot be ignored and cannot be dominant idea, a paradigm postulated Soviet press for "idealization of the Mr. Humeniuk's presence at the underestimated. Along with the official by Ivan Dzyuba, which Dr. Zhulynsky past" of Ukraine, and his works were exhibit opening was hailed by Daria ^entitlement of the Ukrainian language referred to in his talk, is that of the considered "anti-Soviet." Darewych of the University of London as a state language - which we hope completeness of national culture. In Then, last year, the artist had two as evidence that "times have changed." and expect is soon forthcoming - there Dzyuba's subtle, descriptive and pres­ very successful exhibits in Lviv (at the Prof. Darewych, who coordinated is already a massive resurgence of criptive analysis the issue of complete­ Ukrainian Ethnographic Museum) and the Humeniuk exhibit, said: "Glasnost, literary and cultural activity. Each ness is taken to show how contempo­ in Kiev (at the Ukrainian Decorative like Mr. Humeniuk's arrival here rehabilitation - of a Khvyliovy, a rary Ukrainian culture in both its Folk Art Museum in the Pecherska (which took months to arrange and was Vynnychenko, Hrushevsky and nume­ "horizontal" extension (in the range of Lavra complex), was the subject of uncertain as late as three days before the rous others, groups as well as indivi­ uses for the Ukrainian language, for laudatory articles in the Ukrainian SSR exhibit opening) is a slow process, but it duals, whole periods and styles - is example, in the validity, quality or press and was allowed to travel to Paris appears to be working." She added, "the more than just a discrete readmission support given to various Ukrainian with his wife and fellow artist, Natalka best proof of this is the presence of both into a sanctioned or a canonic fold. It is disciplines) and in its "vertical" exten­ Pavlenko. Mr. Humeniuk and his art." an opening, a door through which must sion (in the censoring of history, of The new year brought more good Mr. Humeniuk was welcomed at the come a literally inexhaustible range of national memory, for example), is fortune to the Ukrainian-born artist exhibit opening by Allen C. Koretsky, attendant issues. deficient and incomplete. Clearly one who now lives in Leningrad, as he was master of Stong College at York Uni- To take the most dramatic instance, cannot argue with this. These are the permitted to travel to Canada to partici­ verity. that of Khvyliovy. With his reappea­ facts, and Dzyuba's service in concep­ pate in York University's symposium on Prof. Darewych, before proceeding rance we have not just the man and his tualizing and arguing them gives him the renown and esteem he so richly "Glasnost in Soviet Ukraine" and to be (Continued on page 10) works, not just his organizational activity, VAPLITE and so on, and even deserves. not only so broad a phenomenon as the But the model, the paradigm, needs ... the fact that arguably the most important issue facir^g the Ukrainian nation today has to date not been discussed in an open way (in Ukrainian communities in the West) is functionally and morally theequivalerit of thenaiionalnihilis^rn that is so rhuch decried in Soviet Ukraine. whole generation of the 1920s which he to be discussed; conceptually, it itself is inspired and with which he so totally not yet complete. As some of you may and tragically identified himself. With know, I have engaged the issue of him we have the full reservoir of his incompleteness in my discussion of ideas, and with that, all the ideas and Dmytro Chyzhev5kyj''s"History of U- questions they in turn engender, ques­ krainian Literature," where I argued tions, in short, of national direction that anthropologically speaking all ("Ukrayina chy Malorosiya?," "K0I0- cultures are complete, by definition, niya chy Derzhava?") of cultural models and as products of culture, so also are ("Psykholohichna Evropa"), of cultural all literatures. What does occur are and political options. - orientations or distortions made by Or, to take another example, the history and politics. These matters, of publication last month in the journal course, deserve much broader examina­ Kyiv of Sosiura's poem ''Mazepa'' tion. Feodosiy Humeniuk speaks at the opening of his exhibit. Standing to his right are rehabilitates not only that work and What I would simply offer here is a Allen Koretsky, master of Stong College, and Daria Darewych, exhibit enriches not only our literary reservoir. brief glance at the historical extension coordinator. For with it, particularly through the of this phenomenon, and I would define excellent attendant article by Jurij it not as incompleteness as such — that Barabash, are posed essential historio- (Continued from page 4) graphic questions — of Mazepa and the course of Ukrainian independence in the early 18th century vis a vis the imperialism of Peter's Russia, of the colonial status of Ukraine in the after­ math of the defeat at Poltava and of Peter's vengeful and destructive policy toward what he saw as but an insubordi­ nate, rebellious province. For the dismantling of Ukrainian culture of the I8th century, and not just the all- important freedom that Shevchenko

Dr. George Grabowicz of Harvard University is the Dmytro Chyzhevskyj Professor of Ukrainian Literature, He was recently elected to a five-year term as chairman of the American Commit­ tee of Slavists, which is composed of the chairmen of Slavic departments at the 25 major U.S. universities that grant doctoral degrees in Slavic studies. On July I, Prof Grabowicz will assume the directorship of the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. The address above was delivered at the conclusion of York University's Dr. George Grabowicz delivers the final symposium on ''Glasnost in Soviet address at the York University confe^ "Ukraine" (oil, 1979) by Feodosiy Humeniuk. UkraineronJanuurvSl. '' ^^- -^^rence:^' No. 11 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989

Historian Orest Subtelny speaks Encyclopedia's science editors on his newly published book meet to discuss ongoing work

by Bohdan Vitvitsky two considerations. by Oleksa Bilaniuk their entries in a timely fashion, but a First, the historian must cover a few important entries are overdue. It is EAST HANOVER, NJ. - The fea­ whole slew of sifi^nificant facts that anv PHILADELPHIA - Science edi­ the responsibility of the sciences co­ tured speaker at the February 25 history on the topic being written upon tors of the Encyclopedia of Ukraine met ordinator to make sure that the missing meeting of the New York and New would have to include, such as names, on January 21 in Swarthmore, Pa., to entries are sent to the Toronto office at Jersey Ukrainian American Profes­ dates and critical events. report on the progress of their work the earliest possible juncture. After the sionals and Businesspersons Associa­ Second, the historian may select and to coordinate their ongoing efforts. exposition by the managing editor, tion was historian Orest Subtelny, some one or more themes that will guide The first two volumes of the encyclo­ reports by the subject editors were author of the recently published "A his or her selection process as regards pedia have already appeared (Universi­ presented and discussed at some length. History of Ukraine." the rest of the material. In the case of "A ty of Toronto Press, 1984 and 1988). Following a joint working lunch, the Dr. Subtelny's topic was the story History of Ukraine," Prof. Subtelny The complete encyclopedia will con­ participants focused their attention on behind the writing of this history, and he chose two topics that he believes are sist of five volumes. Volumes 3,4 and 5 the tasks ahead. It was again made clear provided the audience with much inte­ among the most significant in Ukraine's are scheduled to be published simul­ that while the subject editors may and resting background information about historv: Ukraine s statelessness and the taneously towards the end of the aca­ should propose changes and additions the process of writing a work such as process of modernization in Ukraine. demic year 1992-93. to the list of entries, the final decision his. Dr. Subtelny explained that U- The main purpose of the meeting was remains with the editorial board. The Dr. Subtelny, who teaches history at kraine's statelessness is perhaps unique to insure that the work on science necessity of paying strict attention to York University just outside of To­ in so far as there are very few if any entries continues to be done profes­ the guidelines regarding the form, ronto, spoke about a variety of issues other examples of as large a nation as sionally and on time. length and style of the entries was again relating to his book, among them why Ukraine experiencing statelessness for The following scholars took part in brought out and vigorously debated. he was prompted to write a history in as long a period. And, what Dr. Sub­ the deliberations: Roman Andrushkiv A set of deadlines for sending in the the first place, which audiences he had telny was interested in exploring was (associate editor of mathematics), remaining entries was established: up to decided to write for, what his goals in both the causes of this statelessness and Oleksa Bilaniuk (coordinating editor and including the letter "T" — March writing were, how he made his decision its effect on the national psyche, culture, for sciences), Pavlo Dzul (medicine 31, 1989; up to and including the letter about what kind of material to include economy and other series of activities. editor), Ihor Masnyk (biology editor), "U" - April 30, 1989; up to and in the book and what some of the The other major theme is a process of Lubomyr Onyshkevych (technology including the letter "Z" — May 31, difficulties are in writing a history of modernity and modernization that in editor), Danylo Husar Struk (encyclo­ 1989. The month of June is to be Ukraine. Ukraine has had a number of unusual pedia managing editor), Sviatoslav devoted to "mopping up operations" of When describing who his chosen features. As Dr. Subtelny described it, Trofimenko (chemistry editor). Volo- bothersome entries, and of those that audiences were. Dr. Subtelny explained the unusual feature of the introduction dymyr Bandera (economics editor) was "fell between the cracks." that he had decided to write for three: of modernization in Ukraine is the also present during a good part of the In any case, all entries without the non-Ukrainian English-speaking tension between Ukrainian traditiona­ meeting. exception must be in the hands of the reader or student of European history: lism and the usually foreign-introduced At the outset of the meeting, ma­ managing editor by June 30. At that members of the Ukrainian diaspora; modernization. In connection with this naging editor Dr. Struk brought the time the process of verification of all and, Ukrainians in Ukraine. and as an example. Dr. Subtelny spoke participants up to date on the progress submitted factual data will begin, and Apparently, at least the first two of about how during the last decade of the of work on the three remaining volumes all longer entries will be sent out to these categories of potential readers 19th century, when Ukraine was under­ of the encyclopedia. These volumes will specialists for review and comment. have received the book with consi­ going a most rapid industrialization, cover entries from L to Z, comprising In view of the fact that the writing of derable enthusiasm, judging on the Ukrainian peasants preferred to uproot 12,266 items. Of these, 4,030 baye the; remaining entries is entering its basis of sales. Although "A History of themselves and travel thousands of already been written and logged into the finaU intensive phase, it was decided to Ukraine'' bas been on the market for miles either eastward to southeastern computer, but 8,236 entries remain to hold aiidther meeting of the science only a little over three months, its Siberia or westward to the plains of be written. subject editors on April 8 in Lawrence- publisher, the University of Toronto Alberta where they could continue Science editors, by and large, submit ville, N.J. Press, reports that over 4,000 copies farming rather than move two miles to have already been sold and that sales the neighboring town to become indus­ continue to be brisk. For an academic trial workers. Students organize group ot MIT volume, this is an unusually large number of sales in a very short period of Dr. Subtelny's presentation was BOSTON - A Ukrainian Students for 1989, including a pysanka work­ time. followed by a lively question and Group has been formed at the Massa­ shop, a Ukrainian showcase, biweekly Every writer of history must decide answer period. chusetts Institute of Technology. The Friday social events, a pending ski trip, how much and which material to in­ Prior to the lecture, the president of group consists of approximately 66 and a formal dance. members, and conducts meetings bi­ clude in his or her work because, as Dr. the Ps and Bs, Myroslaw Smorodsky, Although the Ukrainian Student weekly. Subtelny described it, there is always spoke about the conference that the Group is an officially registered club at The formation of the group came much more material than one could ever association is planning on the topic of MIT, it is open to the students of any about due to three MIT students, fit in, and, of course, the longer span of trade and economic relations with university. The group has members Danylo Kihiczak, Basil Horangic and time that one writes about the more Ukraine. Scheduled for April 15-16, the from MIT, Boston College, Boston Roman Hachkowsky, with strong sup­ difficult it is to make such selections. conference will explore various aspects University, Harvard, Wellesley, Bent- port from Prof. Donald Sadoway of As Dr. Subtelny explained it, when of the trade issue as these relate to ley, Northeastern and Suffolk Law MIT, who felt that there was enough someone prepares to write a history Ukrainian Americans, including the School, and is expanding. such as the one he wrote, his or her political, financial and regulatory student interest to form such a club. material selection process is guided by aspects of such activity. Although the primary purpose of the For more information about the group is social, that is, to unite students Ukrainian Students Group, please of common heritage, the second aim is contact: Danylo Kihiczak (MIT), (617) to make people aware of the Ukrainian 225-7385; Basil Horangic (MIT grad) minority in Boston. (617) 661-4188; Damian Platoch (Bos­ The group has planned many events ton College), (617) 558-9418. TUSM announces "Action: Ukraine" NEW YORK - The Ukrainian Stu­ dent, joined external affairs director dents Association of Mykola Mikhnov- Mykola Hryckowian in leading the sky (TUSM) held its annual plenary discussion on finalizing the mechanism meeting and finalized plans for "Action: for carrying-out "Action: Ukraine." Ukraine," TUSM's campaign in defense Saturday's program concluded with a of the national rights and independence musical tribute to Ukrainian composer of Ukraine. TUSM members from Volodymyr Ivasiuk by Mykhailo Hna- Canada and the United States attended tyshyn, commemorating the 10th an­ the discussion forum and workshop niversary of the young Mr. Ivasiuk's seminars held February 17-19 in Du- murder it is suspected, at the hands of Bois, Pa. the KGB. Introductory remarks were given by Yuri Shust of Toronto, who read The workshop seminars held on excerpts from letters of underground Sunday featured presentations on Ukrainian Catholic faithful. lobbying skills by Ukrainian National Petro Shmigel, TUSM's ideological Information Service director Myron director, introduced "Action: Ukraine'' Wasylyk of Washington, direct action as "our chance to link ourselves directly organization by TUSM national vice- with revolutionary Ukraine, step-by- president and plenum organizer Darka Dr. Orest Subtelny is welcomed by Myroslaw Smorodsky, president of the step to parallel the struggle for national Nakonechna, and press release writing Ukrainian American E^ofessionals and Businesspersons Association of New York ІГ pendence and sovereig^ty/V- techniques by TUSM press officer and New Jersey. arij Priatka, TUSM national presi­ Petro Matiaszek. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989 ,'No. 11

WASHINGTON UPDATE ultrainianWeeLI У from the UNA Washington Office Statement update he states Moscow attempted to "hijack" by proclaiming it as the Russian Millen­ The ROC's Christian spirit On February 6, Rep. Daniel Akaka nium. (D-Hawaii) reminded his colleagues that Also on February 9, Rep. James Florio (D-N.J.) spoke about Ukrainian Ukrainian Catholic rights activists Iryna Kalynets and Mykhailo 1989 is the bicentennial of the first arrival ol Chinese in Hawaii. Rep. Independence Day and stated that he Horyn of Lviv were scheduled to go to trial this week on accusations David Drier (R-Calif.) spoke about the "was pleased to have authored, with filed against them by the Russian Orthodox Church. It seems that they need to remove the "20 million land­ Sen. (Bill) Bradley, the law that created have offended Metropolitan Nikodim, hierarch of Lviv and Ternopil, mines" which the Soviet Union left in the Congressional Commission on the in the Russian Orthodox Church, because they allegedly yelled Afghanistan. Ukraine Famine. He spoke about the obscenities at him during what was planned to be an ecumenical mo- On February 8, Sen. Daniel Patrick famine and stated that the commission's leben on January 22, to mark the 70th anniversary of the reunification Moynihan (D-N.Y.) addressed the report should be "circulated widely." of Ukrainian lands. Senate on "The Soviet Doctrine." In his He concluded by quoting Taras Shev- The questions arise: Who offended whom? And what legitimacy remarks he spoke of the changes taking chenko. does the Russian Orthodox Church have in Ukraine, anyway? Was place in the USSR and warned that "a The morning prayer in the House of it purely coincidental that the trial date of these two Ukrainian Soviet Union in decline, breaking up Representatives on February 9 was believers coincided with the 43rd anniversary of the reunification of under nationalist pressure, could be delivered by His Holiness Vasken I, the Ukrainian Catholic Church with its "true mother, the Russian more dangerous than the one we now supreme patriarch and catholicos of all know." He accused the Soviets of Armenians. Rep. Tony Coelho (D- Orthodox Church?" Was it not an atrocity for the faithful to walk into having a '49th century empire." He then Calif.) and Rep. Charles Pashayan, Jr. St. George's Ukrainian Catholic Church in Lviv, that fateful day in submitted a number of articles for the (R-Calif.) both saluted the patriarch March, 1946, to find that their Church no longer existed? Congressional Record. and his work. Rep. Frank Annunzio A pseudo-sobor that liquidated the Ukrainian Catholic Church In his own article titled "Thinking (D-III.) reminded the colleagues that did not obliterate the people of that Church, and certainly not their Aloud: End of the Marxist Epoch" February 12 ''will mark the 243rd spirit. According to reports from Ukraine, it is estimated that 90 (New Leader, January 23), he wrote anniversary ol the birth of General percent of the people who belong to the Lviv/Ternopil diocese in that Marx and Engels predicted an end Thaddeus Koscius/ko, the great Revo­ Russian Orthodox parishes are still Greek Catholic on spirit. to ethnic differences during the socialist lutionary War hero." The Ukrainian Catholic Church, suppressed by the Soviet regime stage but that the current situation in That same day. Sen. Carl Levin (D- for decades, has become strong and confident in the catacombs and the USSR has proven them wrong and Mich.) spoke on the 71st anniversary of now emerges, striving for a Ukrainian national Church, a truly Christ­ pointed to the traditional lack of Estonia's Proclamation of Indepen­ ian Church, that is not a puppet of the Soviet government, and whose support for communists among the dence. Sen. Paul Sarbanes(D-Md.)and ethnic communities in the United Rep. Louise Slaughter (D-N.Y.) ad­ leaders serve the needs of their faithful. States. dressed their colleagues about Lithua­ It is most inspiring to read that it is not only the Ukrainian Catho­ In another article ("Gorbachev's nian Independence Day. Rep. Jim lic Church that is defiant in the face of the Soviet government, but the Nationality Crisis: The Empire Breaks Florio (D-N.J.) called the attention of Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church is making headway in its Up" by Jacques Rupnik, New Re­ his colleagues to Lithuanian Indepen­ rebirth, with the formation of the initiative committee for the renewal public, February 2, 1989 ) the senator dence Day (February 16) and Estonian of the UAOC. And together, the two behefs, the Ukrainian Orthodox submitted, the author states that '4he Independence Day (February 23). and the Ukrainian Catholic are ecumenically celebrating what binds resurgence of nationalism has shattered On February 22, Sen. Frank Lauten- them: the love of God and the love of their homeland. the carefully manicured myth of the berg (D-N.J.) informed his colleagues And although, it is Mrs. Kalynets and Mr. Horyn, two Ukrainain Soviet Union as a harmonious commu­ about the 95th anniversary of the Christians, who stand trial this week on charges brought against them nity of brotherly nations." He goes on to Ukrainian National Association. He by the Russian Orthodox Church, it is precisely that Church that is on write that the "unrest in the Baltics is stated that "one of the important ways trial - in the eyes of God. fairly manageable" but that the serious the Ukrainian National Association threat will come from '4he Ukrainians, contributes to the lives of Ukrainian the Muslims of Central Asia, and American citizens is through the news­ March ultimately the Russians themselves." papers it publishes." Outlining the work Mr. Rupnik stated that "in the 1960s of the UNA, he concluded by stating and early 1970s, Ukrainian writers that the UNA ''has continued to make Turning the pages back... pioneered the revival of the national the situation of millions of Ukrainians question in the Soviet Union'' and in the Soviet Union a priority for the describes the role of Chornobyl and the Congress and the administration." Millennium in reviving Ukrainian That same day. Rep. Frank An­ Fifty years ago, on March 15, 1939, the independence of nationalist feelings. nunzio (D-III.) addressed his House the Republic of Carpatho-Ukraine was proclaimed. On February 9, Rep. Don Ritter (R- colleagues about UNA's anniversary. This independence proclamation rose out of the turmoil Pa.), speaking about Ukrainian Inde­ Stating that in addition to providing leading up to World War II. pendence Day, enumerated the rights insurance coverage for its members, the The lands of Carpatho-Ukraine had been under Czechoslovak rule since 1919. In proclaimed by the Third Universal UNA ''has engaged in numerous educa­ 1938, the Czechoslovak government was weakened by international developments, (provided to members of Congress by tional, cultural, social and charitable and, as a result of the Munich Pact, the German-inhabited Sudeteniand was the UNA) and reaffirmed by the Fo\irth efforts over the years," including help­ surrendered to Nazi Germany. With German support, the Slovaks received Universal. He stated that "as a member ing Ukrainians settle in our country and autonomy within the Czechoslovak republic. of the Helsinki Commission, who has providing scholarships for UkiTinian Transcarpathia, too, demanded and was granted autonomy on October 11. The looked at the human rights picture youth. He then inserted a brief h story Russophile elements within the Transcarpathian government sought union with worldwide for eight years, I value these of the UNA in the Congression^ і Re­ Hungary, while the Ukrainophiles wanted to transform the region into an rights very highly." He also talked cord. autonomous Carpatho-Ukrainian state. Ultimately, a southern portion of about the vibrant Ukrainian American Rep. Louise Slaughter (D-N.Y.) also Transcarpathia was ceded to Hungary, but the Ukrainians who headed the community with its many and varied offered her congratulations to trie UNA autonomous Transcarpathian government after the ouster of its Russophile organizations and their contribution to on its anniversary. She pointed out that leaders, continued their task. American culture and society. the UNA, established by 13 branches The educational system, publications and administration were Ukrainianized, That same day. Delegate Walter with 439 members in 1894, has grown to and the Carpathian Sich, a military force, was created. When elections to the Diet Fauntroy (D-D.C.) stated that "the over 420 branches with over 77,000 of Carpatho-Ukraine were held on February 12, 1939, the Ukrainian National Ukrainian quest for freedom...is un­ members today. She concluded her Alliance of political parties received 86 percent of the vote. quenchable" and "has endured 70 years remarks by stating that "the Ukrainian Meanwhile, Hungarian troops occupied a portion of the region, and the capital of of repressive government." He con­ community in the United States as well Carpatho-Ukraine had to be moved from Uzhhorod to Khust. Then, Czechoslovak cluded his remarks on Ukrainian Inde­ as all of us who are concerned about troops attacked the Sich headquarters in Khust on March 13-14. More than 100 pendence Day by stating that he is Ukrainian affairs, applaud the efforts of Sich members died in battle, and the rest surrendered only when ordered to do so by confident that the struggle for freedom the Ukrainian National Association." Premier Augustyn Voloshyn. The Hungarian armyattacked in the south on March in Ukraine "will go on until justice is Also on February 22, Sen. Claiborne 14-16. attained." Pell (D-R.L), chairman of the Senate On the evening of March 14, the government of Carpatho-Ukraine proclaimed Rep. Donald Lukens (R-Ohio) sub­ Foreign Relations Committee, address­ independence. On March 15, the 22 (out of 32) members of the Diet present in mitted the article "Religious Passions ed his colleagues about Ukrainian Khust ratified the declaration of independence, and passed the state's first law Rumble in Ukraine" by Martin Sieff Independence Day stating that "U- which provided that: the name ot the new state was Karpatska Ukraina (Carpatho- (The Washington Times, February 9) kraine has an independent tradition Ukraine), it was a republic headed by a president elected by the Diet; the official which discussed the "religious passions" that dates back to the days of the ninth language was Ukrainian; and the colors of the flag were blue and yellow, which have surfaced in Ukraine. Mr. century." He concluded his remarks Augustyn Voloshyn was elected president, and he named a government headed Sieff attributes the increased religious saying that "it is a tribute to Ukrainian by Premier апф Ministef^ ^of'^F^ Аіі^да, Julian^|i(?vay. The next day^ : activities to three events: the Chornobyl nationalism that Ukraine has maintained Hikrgarian foreeSWritiMed Й^і disaster, the visions of the Virgin Mary, such a strong, separate identii) to tnis (Continued on page 16) and the Ukrainian Millennium, which (Continued on page 13) No. 11 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR NEWS AND VIEWS

chic coterie. We cannot all be heroes, Another reaction but we in the West should keep the measure of our esteem for certain New York's "Little Ukraine": to Korotich speech people in perspective, especially when those people are toeing a Vichy line. a neigiiborhood under seige Dear Editor: Regarding poetry, politics and pro­ by George Zarycky In the interests ot accuracy and to set vincialism, the Korotich talk also or homicide? When 1 recently spoke to a the record straight for both Soviet and reminded me of courses 1 had in college woman at the Community Board re­ For nearly a century, the East Village American readers of The Weekly, I concerning the Irish national movement garding the illegal peddlers and men­ has been the hub of the New York's tioned I was Ukrainian, she said it was a would like to correct a significant error and the place poet-statesman William Ukrainian community. The neighbor­ shame that, with few exceptions, Ukrai­ of omission in reporting by The Wash­ Butler Yeats had to play in that move­ hood, extending roughly from 14th nians are almost totally uninvolved in ington Group (TWG) of its hosting of ment. He felt very strongly that art Street southward to Houston Street, the community and, in the eyes of local Soviet poet Vitaly Korotich recently in should not stoop to mere jingoism to and westward from Avenue В to Fourth and city politicians, are simply not a Washington. serve political ends. The poetry of the Avenue, is the home of virtually every force to be reckoned with. She said, When Mr. Korotich performed for late Ukrainian poet Vasyl Stus is major Ukrainian institution - St. rather sardonically, that most are regis­ TWG on January 25, he most definitely certainly not anything Ukrainians need George's Ukrainian Catholic Church, tered Republicans more interested in did not "captivate" the entire audience apologize about. Likewise, the Russians The Ukrainian Museum, the Ukrainian liberating their homeland than saving with his "ever-ready anecdote or joke." are quite anxious to co-opt not only the National Home, the Liberation Front, their homes and neighborhood. Most The captivated were merely more vocal. Millennium, but Ukrainian dance, the Shevchenko Scientific Society, the rarely attend meetings, join task forces, The vocal contingent, in fact, gave me song, embroidery and so forth — Ukrainian Sports Club, the Self-Re- petition the police, run for office. They a sense of deja vu. When I was 18, like realizing that these aspects of art are an liance Credit Union, Plast, SUM-A,the are, in effect, invisble. many American teenagers of the 1960s I international language. If they are good UCCA, UACC, and dozens of others. This indictment is not without merit. felt the need to be rebellious against the enough for the Russians, we need not Thousands of Ukrainians live in the An artist friend who lived on Seventh "Establishment" (e.g., "motherhood, regard Ukrainian culture as something area, or own businesses and buildings. Street in the 1950s once told me that, the Church, apple pie, and the Ameri­ to be ashamed of or to be denigrated. Today, the area is confronted with while he was aware he lived in a Ukrai­ can way," if you will). In my contuma­ Having said this, let me hasten to add growing problems that demand con­ nian neighborhood, he never met any cious arrogance, as a college freshman, I that it is important to meet with people certed community action. Ukrainians at community functions or even attempted to write an analysis of like Mr. Korotich if only to ask some Despite the putative improvements political gatherings dealing with neigh­ the poetry of Jesuit poet Gerard Manley hard questions that need asking and since the mid-1980s as a result of so- borhood concerns. Ukrainians, he said, Hopkins without bringing religion into also to find out what it is that is called "gentrification," the neighbor­ seemed more interested in joining their the picture! You can imagine the grade important to Mr. Gorbachev and the hood is showing signs of decline in the own organizations and avoiding the my analysis received! official party line. It is enormously last year or so. Dozens of people I know mainstream groups that could get things interesting to compare what Mr. Koro­ I wondered if Mr. Korotich's attrac­ have had businesses, apartments or cars done. This insularity, this indifference tich says is needed in Ukraine (fast food tion might not have had something to burglarized; hundreds of illegal street to political realities, this bizarre and rock music) with what Orest Dey- do with the inner need of some people to peddlars have turned parts of Second clanishness, continues to seriously chakiwsky, Helsinki Commission staf­ demonstrate their independence from Avenue into a putrid, garbage-strewn undermine the ability of Ukrainians and fer, said Ukrainians in Ukraine had some perceived hovering, parental bazaar;crack addicts and dealers lurk their institutions to have any meaning­ asked him to relate to us that they Ukrainian Establishment (as in "babt- in apartment-house lobbies; people ful imput into the fate of their neighbor­ needed: Bibles and religious literature. sia, the church, pyrohy, and the Ukrai­ have been held up at gunpoint on the hood and its future. nian way"). It is not chic to be a DP, Mr. Deychakiwsky's had also been a corner of Ninth Street near the Veselka We cannot, through neglect and this attitude goes, so let us allign TWG event, but this request was not Coffee Shop; the Men's Shelter of Third apathy, forfeit our rights as citizens in ourselves with the Russified aristo­ mentioned in TWG's newsletter in a Street, now a central processing center this center of Ukrainian life in the city, cracy, is that the sure-fire way to avoid report on Mr. Deychakiwsky's talk - a for all city vagrants, has become a and watch this vital and vibrant neigh­ being "provincial"? Strange how history sad and telling omission. dangerous magnet for petty thieves and borhood degenerate into a filthy, crime repeats itself. Perhaps it is of no signi­ Young, urban Ukrainian American addicts. ridden slum. Our institutions, particu­ ficance that Mr. Korotich is the son of a professionals may not be very interested In the face of all this, there are still larly the Church, must spearhead a Russian mother or that he has a Russian in their own religious heritage for a those who claim that things have gotten broad-based ad hoc community of wife. Perhaps some were not bothered variety of reasons, but like the 18-year- better compared to the 1960s and 70s, concerned citizens and business people by his lack of enthusiasm for the claim old trying to analyze a Jesuit poet out of when the East Village was notorious for who will act as a watchdog liaison to the that Moscow was hypocritical in co- a religious context, they should not heroin addicts and criminals. Yet, police, the Community Board, and opting the Millennium as a Russian make the mistake of assuming that the today, the street are increasingly shabby other municipal structures, demanding event. Ukrainian independence movement is and menacing, and the police and the the removal of illegal peddlars from the I can find no other word than "loath­ going to get very far without its founda­ city seem powerless, or unwilling, to streets, better sanitation, increased some," however, for Mr. Korotich's tion of a strong religious faith (And for reclaim them from illegal peddlars, police protection, etc. characterization of Ukrainian politics those Soviets readingthis account -we thugs and junkies. Ukrainians must become much more where most meetings follow the same refer to Ukrainian Catholicism, Ukrai­ Meanwhile, most (though not all) involved in local political clubs and script of "they sing, they cry and they go nian Orthodoxy, the Ukrainian Baptist Church, etc. - not Russian Ortho­ Ukrainians in the areas are mute, other organizations. on their way." The audience's "delight" seemingly oblivious to their dete­ in this was no less arrogant. How many doxy). For far too long, Ukrainians in the riorating surroundings. Every Sunday, neighborhood has been content to walk people in the audience would have come well-dressed parishioners on their way Natalka Mason Gawdiak its shabby streets with blinkers on, to discuss Ukrainian politics at St. to St. George's wade through moun­ Silver Spring. Md. finding sanctuary in their own clubs, Sophia's here in Washington if they tains of trash left by peddlers and knew that there was a good chance that organizations and institutions. It al­ vagrants as if the blight is somehow an most seems as if many have never fully the KGB might be waiting outside in the expected and natural part of the land­ dark to beat them up after the meeting? accepted the fact that they are a part of Dudycz: politician scape. When shots were recently fired New York City, choosing instead to Does one win Ukrainian indepen­ outside the Ukrainian National Home manufacture some kind of mythical dence by judging that which is Ukrai­ with convictions after a party organized by non-Ukrai­ Ukrainian reality that requires no or nian as inherently second-class? Must Dear Editor: nians renting the hall, it hardly caused a little knowledge of English, and mini­ Ukrainians be ever docile because it is A controversy erupted when the stir. When a young Ukrainian journalist mal interaction with the outside world. safer that way or more practical, more Chicago School of Art Institute display­ recently had her apartment broken into But this is a foolish fantasy world that realistic? Are grass roots political ed "new art." One of the displays for the second time in less than four is shattered daily by the steady en­ movements to be frowned on as provin­ showed the American ilag on the floor months, even those sympathetic seemed croachment of street crime, robberies cial, as perhaps unprofessional? Do we of the institute. The artist, a self- resigned to the news as just another and break-ins that touch all of us, and tlock to hear Mr. Korotich because he proclaimed Communist, said this was typical occurrence. require forceful, broad community has a glib tongue and a mouthful of gold freedom of expression. Veterans'groups This type of complacency, though action to address. fillings, whereas someone like Petro protested, and the debate went on. common, is inexcusable. What will it It is time for Ukrainians to open their Ruban doesn4 make jokes and has steel Finally on March 3, Walter Dudycz, take to wake up the community? A rape eyes now, rather than wait until "Little teeth? a Ukrainian American Illinois state George Zarycky, Eastern Europe Ukraine" reverts back to the dangerous Finally, let us look at this sentence: senator personally entered the museum. analyst for Freedom House, lives in the ^id squalid ghetto it was two decades "Most of the TWG audience left exhila­ He folded the tlag and gave it to a police East Village of New York City. ago. rated after nearly 90 minutes with a officer. He gave a short statement figure of Mr. Korotich's stature." indicating that this was not art, and the For me, the figure of the tiny grand­ tlag should not be on the tloor in this Attention, students! mother Oksana Meshko - that "dan­ fashion. gerous enemy of the Soviet state" has His courage and conviction was very Throughout the year, Ukrainian student ciubs plan and hold activities. The' stature. Bishop Vasylyk, Stus, Ru- moving. As a Vietnam Veteran, Walter Ukrainian Weekly urges students to let us and the Ukrainian community know about denko, Ruban. Chornovil, Неї, Lukia- knows the price of freedom. The Ukrai­ upcoming events. .^ nenko, Horyn, Mykhailenko, Khmara, nian community should be proud to The Weekly will be happy to help you publicize them. We will also be glad to print Horbal. Sichko, Strokata, Svitlychna, have a politician with strong moral timely news stories about events that have already taken place. Black and white photos Plyusch - these are a few ot the people fiber. (or color with good contrast) will also be accepted. with stature. There are many more, Roman G. Golash the majority probably unknown to our Palatine, 111. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989 No. 11

regular feature of life, and Western tenced under the stiffer penalties. allowed to register, but other communi­ State Department... journalists said their access to Soviet In implementing the law, the authori­ ties have Ьеел unsuccessful in attempts (Continued from page 1) officials was much improved. Some ties gave permission to some gatherings, to register. Once registered, religious During 1988, more than 150 political Western journalists were allowed to including those in the Baltic republics congregations must accept strict regula­ prisoners, including Helsinki monitor'^ travel and interview in closed areas. on August 23 and in Yerevan on several tions which prohibit proselytizing, Ivan Sokulsky, Ivan Kandyba, Mykola Overt censorship of wire and satellite occasions in August and September, religious discussion and Bible study Horbal, Mart Niklus. Vasyl Ovsienko, transmissions of news stories out of the and in other cases cracked down on groups, charitable activity, and formal Alfonsas Svarinskas, Lev Lukianenko country has become rare. Nevertheless, demonstrators. In November the autho­ religious training for children. Partici­ and Mykola Matusevych were released, the authorities limited the activity of rities declared a state of emergency in pation in religious ceremonies is cause accor(;iing to the report. foreign journalists. In addition, they Yerevan, banning all demonstrations: for exclusion from the Communist Also noted in the State Depart­ sometimes harassed selected foreign in December a number of leading Party. Existing seminaries and other ment's report on the USSR are the journalists, especially those who main­ Armenian activists were detained, pre­ institutions ofclericaleducationandthe emergence ot people's fronts to promote tained close contacts with dissidents sumably at least in part for the role they numbers of students permitted to pur­ perestroika in various republics ot the and retuseniks. Finally, the govern­ had played in organizing earlier demon­ sue a religious vocation do not provide union, the resolution of many long­ ment continued to circumscribe the strations. a sufficient body of trained clergy for standing cases oi retuseniks, and a circulation of non-Communist foreign In August the authorities in Lviv officially registered denominations. "more forthcoming approach to foreign newspapers, which are rarely available (Ukraine) moved to end demonstra­ Although in 1987 the authorities re­ criticism of their human rights record" to average Soviet citizens. tions with nationalist overtones that scinded the requirement that priests by Soviet authorities who now are register all baptisms with the state, in FREEDOM OF PEACEFUL they had permitted in June and July. "acknowledging their problems and many areas outside Moscow and Lenin­ ASSEMBLY AND ASSOCIATION: In Moscow a small refusenik demon­ stating their desire to make their society stration was broken up in August, and grad priests continue to do so. more 'humane/ '' The government's toleration of de­ its participants were subjected to heavy Many groups of believers refuse to The report also mentions the Soviet monstrations and unauthorized meet­ fines and administrative sentences. The register officially on the grounds that government's cooperation with the ings made a quantum leap in 1988. The Moscow authorities also denied the much of the legislation affecting "reli­ United States "in investigating alleged numerous mass meetings and marches Democratic Union permission to hold a gious cults" contradicts the tenets of war crimes committed during World that took place in Yerevan in 1988 - demonstration commemorating the their religious beliefs. Others, such as War II by persons who are now citizens one on March 8, officially estimated at 20th anniversary of the Warsaw Pact's the Uniates, are refused the right to or residents of the United States." It more than 700,000 persons - were only invasion of Czechoslovakia August 21. register. Unregistered believers, such as notes that the USSR "has permitted the the most prominent examples. The union decided to go ahead with the some Baptists, Jehovah's Witnesses, U.S. government to take depositions Major nationalist demonstrations demonstration, and the authorities Seventh-Day Adventists, Pentecosta- from witnesses in the USSR and has also took place in the Baltic republics. moved quickly to break it up; some 150 lists, and Hare Krishnas outside of provided documentation for use in U.S. One that took place in October in persons were detained, and many were Moscow, are subject to repressive courts." No mention is made, however, Estonia drew over 300,000 persons - fined or given administrative sentences measures, including harassment at of access to such materials by legal close to one-third of the Estonian ethnic of up to 15 days. school or place of employment, denial counsel of persons brought to trial on population in Estonia. of access to housing, dismissal from suspicion of participation in war crimes. Demonstrations on a smaller scale FREEDOM OF RELIGION: work, and imprisonment. Following are excerpts from the State were commonplace in Moscow and The Constitution guarantees the In Ukraine, the Uniates are still Department's report on the USSR. Leningrad and especially frequent in the "right to profess or not to profess any subject to severe repression, even weeks before the June party conference. religion and to conduct religious wor­ though Soviet officials in Moscow FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND Some proceeded peaceably; others were PRESS: ship or atheistic propaganda."The right claim that their legal status is under broken up by force, such as those by the to conduct religious worship and the review. Several Uniate Easter services in Unofficial publications (samizdat, or Moscow People's Front and the Demo­ right to make atheistic propaganda are western Ukraine were broken up by self-published) grew in number and cratic Union in the center of Moscow on not equivalent, however, since the force. Dissident sources report that sophistication during 1988, not only in June 25. Organizations such as the former right does not include the right after the publication of the USSR Moscow and Leningrad, but in provin­ Democratic Union, which exceed the to conduct "religious propaganda," i.e. Supreme Soviet decree on demonstra­ cial towns such as Lviv, Pskov, Sver­ limits of discussion that the party is to engage in public defense of religious tions and meetings late in July, the dlovsk and Kuibyshev as well. Unoffi­ willing to tolerate, have consistently values or to rebut official attacks on authorities began to use the decree to cial journalists established extensive been refused permission to demon­ religion. Moreover, extensive legisla­ break up Uniate services as unautho­ networks that provide a constant How strate, and its leaders have been subject­ tion and administrative regulations on rized meetings and demonstrations. of information on important public ed to repeated administrative punish­ "religious cults" place additional re­ ...Pressure on the Roman Catholic issues. Through such a network. The ment for violating regulations on de­ strictions on freedom of religion. This Church in Lithuania eased somewhat in Express Chronicle, a weekly edited by monstrations. legislation is now under review and 1988. The cathedral at Vilnius, which ' Aleksandr Podrabinek, was able to By midsummer, the Ministry of draft legislation is expected in 1989. had been converted into an art gallery in maintain a steady flow of high quality Justice had tallied some 250 unautho- The government, however, displayed 1950, was returned for religious use and information on the Soviet human rights ried rallies, and the Ministry of Internal a much more tolerant attitude toward several bishops were allowed to visit the situation for well over a year. In May Affairs had counted some 600 rallies, mainstream religion, particularly to­ Vatican. some 50 unofficial editors of Soviet including authorized ones. ward the Russian Orthodox Church. ...The authorities exert wide-ranging periodicals assembled in Moscow to On July 28, the USSR Supreme The state was a full participant in the pressure, including through the official discuss common problems and to or­ Soviet Presidium issued a decree on Church's celebration of the Millennium media, to discourage religious belief in ganize a club to further their interests. "procedures for the organization and of the Baptism of Kievan Rus' in general among Soviet citizens. The Neither explicitly permitted nor conduct of meetings, rallies, street Moscow in June. On this occasion. Communist Party is, according to its prohibited, unofficial publications exist marches and demonstrations in the General Secretary Gorbachev remarked rules, an atheistic organization. Mem­ in a gray zone. In the past, many of their USSR." The decree provides a legal that believers are patriots and not bership in the party, considered incom­ editors and contributors would have basis for demonstrations, thus limiting second-class citizens, leading some to patible with religious belief, is in effect a been convicted for "anti-Soviet" acti­ official arbitrariness, and seeks to hope that restrictions on religious requirement for advancement to most vity and their publications suppressed. standardize official procedures for activities may be reduced. Worshipers positions of authority or prestige in the Under present conditions the future of handling them. (During the past three at Russian Orthodox Easter services country. Thus the authorities have these publications is unclear. Although years, both republic and local jurisdic­ were not subjected to the harassment of virtually excluded practicing believers there were no reports in 1988 that the tions had issued a variety of temporary past years. General Secretary Gorba­ from attractive education opportunities authorities shut down any unofficial regulations.) According to its provi­ chev met with a number of Church and many career paths available to non- publication or imprisoned anyone for sions, demonstration organizers must hierarchs in May. The media gave believers. journalistic activities, editors and con­ apply to local officials 10 days before substantial and favorable coverage to ...Uniate, Lithuanian Catholic, and tributors for the more outspoken pe­ the meeting is scheduled, and officials the Millennial celebrations. Earlier, a Baptist unofficial journals continue to riodicals were harassed. They were must notify them of their decision at portion of the Easter service at the be repressed. The practice of religion is detained, visited repeatedly by militia, least five days before the scheduled Patriarch's Church in Moscow was discouraged by strictly applied limita­ threatened with prosecution for illegal date. broadcast over Soviet television. Over tions on the number of sacred books, use of government reproduction facili­ Civil and criminal penalties were all, articles on religious themes became such as the Bible or the Koran, which ties, and attacked in the official media. provided for those who participate in commonplace. Government harass­ may be printed. The Soviet government In May, for example, the authorities unauthorized demonstrations. The en­ ment during unofficial seminars on eased restrictions on the importation of raided the editorial offices of the unoffi­ suing RSFSR law of July 29 set stiff religious affairs that took place in Bibles last year. In August it was cial journal Glasnost, edited by Sergei penalties: participation in unauthorized Moscow at the time ot the Millennial announced that there were no longer Grigoryants, and confiscated much of demonstrations is punishable by fines of celebrations was minimal. any customs regulations restricting the the journal's archives and production up to S495 (at the December 1988 Registration with the Soviet Council importation of Bibles because of their equipment (including a sophisticated official exchange rate) and/or admini­ on Religious Affairs is required for religious content, although laws against foreign-made personal computer). On a strative arrest for up to 15 days. Repeat religious groups of 20 adults or more. speculation continued to limit the number of occasions, the central press offenders may be fined up to S 1,650, Ine state IS able to limit the number of numbers that could be imported. Many accused him of working with foreign arrested for up to 15 days per offense, congregations since the authorities packages containing Bibles and reli­ intelligence agencies. While he conti­ and/or sentenced to corrective labor for reserve the right to grant or withhold gious books continue to be seized, and nued to publish Glasnost, it came out 30 to 60 days with a deduction of 20 registration. Their refusal to grant visitors to the Soviet Union continue to much less frequently than before. percent of their earnings. If criminal registration has been used to deny legal have religious books in Russian confis­ Vyacheslav Chornovil, the editor of responsibility is established, the law status to entire religious denomina­ cated at the border. the underground journal Ukrainian provides for deprivation of Ireedom for tions, for example, to the Ukrainian Herald, was threatened with arrest and up to six months, corrective labor for up Catholic (Uniate) Church since 1946. In DISCRIMINATION BASED ON pressured to leave the Soviet Union. to one year, and a fine of up to S3,300. May the Council on Religious Affairs RACE, SEX, RELIGION, LANGUAGE The government relaxed somewhat While many persons received fines ot up allowed the Moscow community of OR SOCIAL STATUS: the obstacles to foreign journalists. to S495 and sentences of up to 15 days, Hare Krishnas to register; in December The Constitution provides for the Official press conference became a no one is reported to have been sen­ the Riga Hare Krishna community was (Continued on page 9) No. 11 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989

PRESS REVIEW New Republic article focuses Brzezinski says non-Russian nations on nationalities crisis in USSR are Achilles' heel of perestroika WASHINGTON - In the February the Soviet Union. But after the purge of NEW YORK - "The greatest weak­ real pros45ect for Soviet Communism is 20 issue of The New Republic, Jacques Shelest, then the local party boss, ness of perestroika - its Achilles' heel debilitating decay and not constructive Rupnik, a senior fellow at the Founda­ Ukraine was subjected to 'normaliza­ — is the problem of non-Russian evolution. tion Nationale des Sciences Politiquf^^j tion,' and its dissidents were sent to the nationalities within the Soviet Union," "A creative, innovative and self- in Paris, examines Soviet leader Mi­ eulag. writes Zbigniew Brzezinski, national energizing Soviet society could come khail Gorbachev's nationalities crisis, security adviser to President Jimmy about only through the dilution of "While Baits were seizing the new reporting that glasnost has succeeded in Carter, in The New York Times Maga­ doctrine, the dispersal of the party's opportunities of glasnost, Ukraine had bringing about the social awakening. zine. power and the effective loss of Mos­ to wait because its leader, Volodymyr He points out, however, that this is not The February 26 article titled "Will cow's imperial control. All those pro­ Shcherbytsky, 70, the last prominent the kind of awakening Gorbachev had the Soviet Empire Self-Destruct? Four cesses have begun; but it is highly Brezhnevite still in office and head of in mind as national movements are Scenarios for Failure," was adapted improbable that the party leadership the second largest Communist Party in making headway in such republics as from Dr. Brzezinski's forthcoming and the ruling elite, no matter how eager the USSR, kept the lid tightly on. But it Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia and Arme­ book, "The Grand Failure: The Birth for an economic revival, will be pre­ was loosened by the celebration last year nia. and Death of Communism in the 20th pared to risk letting them continue far of the millennial anniversary of the Century." Mr. Rupnik writes: "And the worst is Christian Church in Kiev. (It had also yet to come. For the nationalist crises "Perestroika depends on decentra­ been loosened a few years earlier by the lizing the state-owned economy, and, as that have burst more fully into view - Chornobyl disaster, which left the the Baltic and the Armenian — are Gorbachev has realized, to do that he natives restless.) Ivan Dzyuba, a promi­ has to decentralize the political system minor compared with those that are nent nationalist essayist whose work likely to flare up before long, involving as well. But this means yielding power was once suppressed, has been publish­ to previously subordinated nations the Ukrainians and the Muslims of ed in the December issue of Kommu- Central Asia. Unless a policy can be within the Soviet Union. To be success­ nist, and writers in Kiev now openly call ful economically, perestroika must developed to keep these movements for Shcherbytsky's resignation. When under control, Gorbachev's perestroika involve the restructuring of the Soviet that happens there will almost certainly 'Union' into a genuine confederation, and even the Soviet empire itself-may be a shift from cultural to political be living on borrowed time." thereby ending Muscovite rule. That is nationalism. And in Ukraine such a tantamount to the dissolution of the Mr. Rupnik examines the situation in movement would be more dangerous empire," Dr. Brzezinski writes. Armenia and the Baltic republics before than in the Baltics. Here, where the He goes on to state: "Gorbachev and focusing on Ukraine, Central Asia and Communist Party was purged of re­ other leaders in the Kremlin were Russia. About Ukraine, Mr. Rupnik formers only a decade ago, there are few probably caught by surprise by the states: Communist officials positioned to do what Baltic officials have done: join a intensity with which long-buried na­ "Ukraine, with a population of 45 nationalist movement and serve as a tionalist feelings have emerged in the million, has sometimes been called the moderating influence. Ukraine is fertile non-Russian parts of the Soviet Union." largest European nation without a state. ground for a real revolt (only last month He cites the Baltic states, Estonia, So far it has been deceptively quiet - 60 activists were arrested in Kiev), and a Latvia and Lithuania, as the republics Zbigniew Brzezinski and uncharacteristically so. In the potentially contagious one; Ukraine has where "emotions run highest"and notes enough to be truly effective. The conse­ aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution that "similar nationalist stirrings" have strong historical ties to Poland. One can quences — the loss of power for the and of World War II (which followed a appeared in Armenia, Azerbaidzhan imagine a chain reaction that would Communist Party and of Soviet power Ukrainian famine provoked by Stalin's and Georgia. leave Gorbachev facing full blown crises in the world - would be too great." terrorist collectivization drive), only on both the inner and outer peripheries "Nationalism is increasing in predo­ "The longer perestroika lasts," Dr. brute force quashed Ukrainian bids for of his empire. minately Islamic Tadzhikistan, Turk- Brzezinski writes, "the more the non- independence. Then in the 1960s and menia, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan and Russian national aspirations will early 1970s, Ukrainian writers pioneer­ "Khrushchev had a clever way of also - most dangerously from Mos­ mount. It is only a question of time - ed the revival of the national question in placating the Ukrainians: treat Ukraine cow's point of view - in the Slavic and perhaps even of a relatively short as Moscow's junior partner. Gorbachev Ukraine and even Byelorussia (despite time — before the ferment is trans­ would do well to take a leaf out of the latter's advanced Russification),"he formed into explicit demands for na­ Olympic team Nikita's book, and promote more notes. tional sovereignty." Ukrainians to the Central Committee "Of these, Ukraine, with its large What has begun in the Baltic states and the Politburo, which are now over­ population and rich natural resources, and other republics - the author notes from Ukraine? whelmingly Russian." may come to pose the gravest threat to there have been major nationalist the very survival of the Soviet Union." demonstrations in nine of the 14 non- Weli according to He concludes his analysis stating that Dr. Brzezinski then observes: "These Russian republics - will in all likeli­ Mr. Gorbachev has discovered that the growing nationalist conflicts, by pro­ hood spread and intensify. "And if it reform of the Soviet system and the voking fears among the Great Russians spreads to the Islamic republics and, stability of the Soviet empire are incom­ — the Soviet Union's dominant na­ especially, to the Slavic Ukraine, the News from U/craine:patible , and what happens next is in his tional group -- impede needed reforms. very survival of the Soviet Union will be JERSEY CITY, N.J. - News hands. They enhance the likelihood that the in doubt," Dr. Brzezinski says. from Ukraine (issue No. 45, Novem­ even Soviet officials now admit. tion and Russian domination. Mastery ber 1988) recently published a re­ State Department... At the 19th Communist Party Confe­ of the Russian language is a necessity port on the Olympic movement. (Continued from page 8) rence in June, General Secretary Gor­ for social advancement. Russian is Among the topics broached was the bachev admitted that earlier Soviet almost exclusively the language of equal status of all Soviet citizens, issue of a separate Ukrainian Olym­ claims that the Soviet Union had no scientific and technological discourse. regardless of nationality, sex, or lan­ pic team. nationality problem were mere pre­ Government business is conducted in guage. Soviet reality falls far short of News From Ukraine wrote: tense. A government commission esta­ Russian almost everywhere: only in the the constitutional ideal: indeed, discri­ "Why does not Ukraine send a blished in 1987 to study Crimean Tatar Caucasus and in the Baltic republics do mination along national, sexual and separate team to the Olympics? The grievances continued its deliberations in the languages of these indigenous linguistic lines is actively practiced. Olympic Charter gives an unequi­ 1988. A high-level commission was set populations enjoy the status of official Along with social status, those factors vocal and definite answer to this up earlier in 1988 to consider the state languages. deeply affect a Soviet citizen's oppor­ question. It says that only National grievances of the Armenian population tunities. The situation in the Ukrainian Soviet Olympic Committees of member- of Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaid­ Socialist Republic exemplifies the sidies of the International Сіз^шріс The Soviets recognize more than 100 zhan. The leaderships in the Baltic extent of Russification. The number of Committee and individuals may be nationalities in the USSR, and the republics now pay close attention to Ukrainian-language schools has de­ invited to participate in the Olym­ Soviet federal system is based on national demands, and the Estonian clined in many areas, particularly in the pic competitix)ns. Thus, Ukraine is nationality. Many ethnic groups have leadership in particular has even de­ industrial southeast, but some new ones not entitled to apply for partici­ territorial and administrative entities: clared sovereignty and represented were opened in 1988. Ukrainian history, pation of its athletes in the games, the 15 Soviet Union republics, some of national interests in talks with the culture and religion are often ignored or since it has no National Olympic which were formerly independent coun­ central leadership in Moscow. distorted, though dissident sources in Committee of its own." tries, represent some of the largest and At the same time, there was a major Ukraine report the authorities are This response was provided by most developed nationalities. Other, public debate over nationality policy. devoting more positive attention to this two-time Olympic champion sprinter smaller nationalities have autonomous Bilingualism, fears of Russification, the issue of late. While the percentage of Valery Borzov, member of the News republics, oblasts or districts, but some rights of national minorities outside Ukrainian-language publications re­ from Ukraine editorial board and 55 million Soviets live outside their their administrative regions, and similar mains significantly below the percen­ deputy chairman of the State Com­ nationality's administrative region or topics have all been widely discussed in tage of Ukrainian speakers in the mittee for Physical Culture and belong to a nationality that has none. the central and republic press. population, the publication of certain Sports of the Ukrainian SSR. The national rights of these Soviets ...At the same time, current Soviet Ukrainian-language materials rose in have not been adequately addressed, as policy continues to promote Russifica­ THE UKRAINIAN "WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989 No. 11

Krysa concert part of York symposium Formerly repressed... (Continued from page 4) to deliver introductory remarks about the artist's work, greeted him at the first exhibit of his works in Canada at which he was present. She noted that four previous exhibits of Mr. Humeniuk's art were held in Canada in 1978, 1980, 1983 and 1984 in "moral support of the artist who was then facing difficult times." Prof. Darewych pointed out that among the works at this exhibit were several — including "Loyalty to U- kraine" (1972) and ''Deserted Village'' (1978) - from the 1970s that were forbidden to be shown. These works from the 70s, she noted, were also Romana Bahry displayed at Mr. Humeniuk's exhibits Also held as part of York University's conference on "Glasnost in Soviet last year in Lviv and Kiev. Ukraine," was a concert by violinist Oleh Krysa of Ukraine. The concert was The exhibit coordinator also told the held Friday, February 10, at the Jane Mallet Theater of the St. Lawrence capacity audience a little about the Center for the Arts. Seen in the photo above are Myron Maksymiw, process involved in bringing Mr. Hu- Cover of Ukraine magazine, October coordinator of the Krysa concert, Profs. Sterling Beckwith and Christina meniuk to Canada. In September of last 1988 issue, featuring Feodosiy Hu- Petrowska of York University's music department, and Virko Baley of the year, she said, he was invited through meniuk's ''Kozak Mamai/' the Druzhba Society (Ukrainian So­ University of Nevada, who is also music director and conductor of the Las Architecture and Painting in Lenin­ Vegas Symphony. ciety for Friendship and Cultural Rela­ tions with Foreign Countries) in Kiev. grad, graduating in 1971. In 1972-1976 named. Mr. Kukovenko said he was The society, she said, expressed enthu­ he was an art instructor at the Mukhina Bykovnia... afraid to tell the commission what he siasm about sending the artist's paint­ School of Applied Art in Leningrad. (Continued from page 1) knew. ings, though not the artist, since they His works were shown in group Then in May 1987, Mr. Lysenko I became ashamed that they were said he is from Leningrad and thus is exhibits beginning in 1966, at a Young discovered the Bykovnia grave. By blaming this on the wrong people," out of their "jurisdiction." After several Artists' Exhibit in Dnipropetrovske, the autumn he had 10 witnesses and Mr. Kukovenko, 74, was quoted as phone calls and visits. Prof. Darewych then in 1971 and 1973 in Leningrad, and with the support of the Ukrainian saying. related, the Dzuzhba Society in Kiev at a two-man show in 1974 in Czecho­ Writers' Union he wrote to the ''My father may be buried there," agreed to contact its counterpart or­ slovakia. Communist Party of Kiev. A third said Mr. Kukovenko's wife, Halyna. ganization in Leningrad. After more He participated in the first unofficial commission was formed within days. ''My father was a collective farmer, contacts, a personal invitation and a art exhibit held in Leningrad in 1974, "The KGB went to the witnesses I and they killed him for nothing." trip by Prof. Darewych to Moscow, Mr. and the second held the following year mentioned in my letter. People After the government erected the Humeniuk finally was issued a visa on in Moscow. became afraid and said, 'No, I didn't monument last May, Mr. Lysenko January 20. He was an organizer of two exhibits succeeded in forcing the authorities see it,' " Mr. Lysenko told the AP, of Ukrainian non-conformist artists' Mr. Humeniuk, in turn, spoke of how to form a commission to find the Afterwards, the bones were reburied works held in Moscow in 1975 and in he had dreamed about seeing Canada, murderers. Three previous commis­ and on May 6, 1988, a monument Leningrad in 1976. especially since his works had preceeded sions had all blamed the Nazis. was erected to "6,329 Soviet soldiers, In 1977, Mr. Humeniuk told his Mr^Kukovenko recalled that partisans, members of the under­ him to this country. He also expressed gratitude to Prof. Darewych ''who audience at the symposium's panel on night after night in the years f936- ground and peaceful citizens killed art, he was stripped of permission to live 1941, canvas-covered trucks hauled by the Fascist occupying forces in created a revolution and brought me here." in Leningrad, and then received notice cargo to the green-fenced compound 1941-1943." that he had to leave the city within three Beginning with his 1972 work "Lo­ in Darnytsia Forest. He first saw the Mr. Lysenko said,"! thought,did 1 days. horror with his own eyes when a make a mistake? So 1 went back, and yalty to Ukraine," Mr. Humeniuk said, he had chosen his path: to depict the He could not find work and was German officer forced him and four found 20 other people^, and they all forced to return to his parents' home in others to exhume one of the graves said it happened before the war," he rich Ukrainian heritage. According to the exhibit catalogue, Dnipropetrovske. There he was perse­ just four days after the German told the AP. In December witnesses cuted by the authorities for showing troops occupied the area in Septem­ spoke before the Writers' Union, and Mr. Humeniuk "found inspiration in his Ukrainian heritage, not only in the slides of the non-conformists'exhibit in ber 1941. the fourth commission was esta­ Leningrad. Sine then, other excavation has blished the very next day. officially sanctioned revival of folk art, but in the historic and artistic past of his It was at this time, Mr. Humeniuk revealed even more victims. Govern­ The commission is headed by Maj. said, that the authorities and local press ment estimates give a figure of 6,000 Gen. Ivan Gladush, who also led the nation. More consciously than others he sought to revive the glory of the accused him of being supported by the to 8,000 bodies, but Mr. Lysenko previous investigation. Gen. Gla­ CIA and the Organization of Ukrainian said there are five to eight victims in dush, who is the Ukrainian minister Kozak state and the art of the early 20th century." Nationalists. He twice tried to emigrate, every two square yards of the 80,000- for internal affairs, recently told the but was rejected. He said he was called square-yard site. Thus, there may be newspaper Vechirny Kiev that since The 22 works on display at York University - courtesy of the Druzhba an "ideological deviant and was asked 200,000 to 300,000 bodies buried there was "no documentary evi­ how his works made it to the West, where there. dence" and "not one witness" to the Society, as well as from private collec­ tions - dated from 1972 to 1988. The they were displayed, and was accused of The first commission to investigate actual shootings, he saw no reason to "anti-Soviet activity." the mass graves was formed in 1944 doubt earlier conclusions that the themes depicted included the Kozak and Hetman periods of Ukrainian In 1983 Mr. Humeniuk was able to when Stalin was still in power. In bodies were those of victims of the return to Leningrad, where there were 1971 a second commission was Nazis. history, religious holidays, and folk life and customs. fewer restrictions on artistic activity, and his works were permitted to be shown at group exhibits. The Supreme Executive Committee Artist's biography of the Ukrainian National Association Most recently, in the spring of 1988, and the Mr. Humeniuk became a founding Mr. Humeniuk was born on Septem­ member of the Taras Shevchenko UNA District Committee of Metropolitan New York ber 6, 1941, in the village of Rybchentsi, Society in Leningrad. Vinnytsia Oblast of Ukraine. His family Ьгуе the honor of inviting you to the The English-language magazine U- moved to Dnipropetrovske in 1950, and kraine, published in Kiev by Radianska in 1965 he graduated from that city's Ukraina Publishers, featured an article JUBILEE BANQUET art school. He then went on to study at written by Mikhailo Selivachev about the Ilya Repin Institute of Sculpture, on the occasion of the Mr. Humeniuk, accompanied by color reproductions of eight of his works, in 95th Anniversary its October 1988 issue. The artist's painting "Kozak Mamai" appeared on of the Ukrainian National Association ^Sl/i the cover. to be held Saturday. April 1, 1989 at 6:00 p.m чце Memorial lecture series Uak^^mki,.I Ukrainian National Home, 140 Second Avenue. New York, N.Y. ^to someone you love The Humeniuk art exhibit was part of - ADDRESSES AND CONCERT PROGRAM - Your Memorial Gift helps support the "Glasnost in Soviet Ukraine" sym­ medical research, education, and posium held as the inaugural Proc Black tie Donation: Ї25.00 patient service activities. Memorial Lecture Series at York Uni­ versity. Trustees of the lecture series Reservations along with checks payable to Ukrainian National Association mail on or are Romana Bahry, Orest Subtelny. before March 20,1989 to UNA District Committee c/o Self Reliance Association Send Gift to: Jurij Darewych and Olga Cirak. Prof. 98 Second Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10003 Arthritis Foundation Д.r. ,-r-, ^ 200 Middlesex Turnpike ARTH RITIS Darewych chaired the symposium pro­ iselin. N.J. 08830 FOUNDATION gram committee, No. 11 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989

pressure has forced the authorities in example, a representative from Cher­ augural conference, which u.. Ukrainian H/lemorial...Kie v 1 о re-examine the origin ol the mass kassy raised the issue of the Ukrainian activists are already describing a^ (Continued from page 1) grave. Insurgent Army (UPA), which fought "epoch making" by Ukrainian stan­ by thai name thai had been founded in both the Nazis and Soviet forces, and dards, was also read out to the gather­ Memorial meeting in Ivano-Frankivske Moscow began to appear in Ukraine. was not suppressed until the early ing. It was reportedly approved by an One of the Ukrainian initiators, a une further example of the attitude 1950s. He called for a sober appraisal of overwhelming majority. former political prisoner and pensioner, of the authorities in Ukraine should be the conditions that drove people into Several political prisoners and lead­ I. A. Reznychenko, wrote a letter to mentioned. On January 29, an informal the Ukrainian anti-Soviet resistance ing Ukrainian national rights cam­ Sovetskaya Kultura proposing that a historical-cultural society \n the western movement. paigners also addressed the rally. They ''regional section" of Memorial be Ukrainian city of Ivano-Frankivske Another speaker, Ihor Droboshtan, included Levko Lukianenko, Yuriy formed in Ukraine. He received fa­ called Rukh (Movement) organized a who was a leader of an uprising in the Badzio and Yevhen Sverstiuk. The Rev. vorable responses from readers in public meeting to commemorate the Vorkuta camps after Stalin's death, Yaroslav Lesiv, a Ukrainian Catholic various cities in the republic and in the victims of Stalinism. Local officials maintained that former victims of Stali­ priest, described the plight of the first part of October a meeting was held turned up, though, and sought to nism he given not just "moral," but also members of the banned Ukrainian in Kiev of people who were interested in transform the gathering into a meeting material compensation, some of which Catholic Church. His colleague, Ivan founding a Ukrainian Memorial So­ to honor "the victims of the Banderist should go to the Ukrainian Memorial Неї, a leader of the Ukrainian Catholic ciety. movement," that is, the Ukrainian Group's fund, movement, called for the legalization of At the end of November, a plenum of nationalist resistance of the 1940s. A third delegate, Mykhailo Horyn, a both the Ukrainian Catholic Church the board of the Ukrainian Writers' Instead of supporting Rukh'scalls fora former political prisoner and a leader of and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Union expressed its support for the monument to be put up in Ivano- the Ukrainian Helsinki Union, pointed Orthodox Church. fledgling movement. One of the resolu­ Frankivske to those killed under Stalin, out that there were still a number of Among those who addressed the rally tion's adopted at the meeting stated: the local officials unsuccessfully pro­ Ukrainian political prisoners and urged was the deputy chief of the Kiev City "We consider the W[writers^ U[nion] of posed that a monument be erected to the society to campaign for the release party authorities, Stanislav Martyniuk. U[kraine] to be one of the sponsors of those who perished at the hands of "the of all those who have been imprisoned He supported calls for the opening of the republican historical-educational nationalists." for their views. the NKVD archives, but went on to society Memorial — a public organiza­ Quite a few of the delegates apparent­ claim that today Ukrainian officials Emerges at critical moment tion whose aim is to investigate Stalinist ly stressed that political repressions in were abiding by the law. crimes, repressions and the famine in The inaugural conference of the Ukraine had not only a "class" charac­ A Kiev prosecutor, Volodymyr Shev­ Ukraine of 1932-1933.'' Ukrainian Memorial Society took place ter, but also a national one. Indeed, this chenko, also reportedly pledged that the A few days later, a coordinating at a very delicate moment. Relations "national" dimension, most of the authorities would investigate the Ukrai­ group to form a Memorial Society in between the Shcherbytsky regime and assembled felt, distinguishes the Ukrai­ nian Memorial Society's claim that Ukraine met in Kiev. According to those pressing for change in Ukraine are nian society's concerns from that of the thousands of victims of Stalin's terror Radio Kiev, the initiators included highly strained. In particular, since the Moscow Memorial Society. When are buried in the mass grave at Bykov­ representatives of the ''creative intelli­ end of last year, Ukrainian literati have delegates from Kharkiv proposed that nia. gentsia, clergy, workers, officials, been under fire from the party authori­ the new Ukrainian organization con­ Conclusion students and also former inmates of ties in Kiev tor defiantly attempting to sider itself a regional branch of the Stalin's camps." On December 28, the form a Ukrainian Baltic-type popular Moscow association, they were re­ The formation of the Ukrainian workers' daily Robitnycha Hazeta movement for restructuring. portedly outvoted. Memorial Society provides Ukrainian announced that an Initiative Group of Matters came to a head in February The meeting discussed and adopted society with an important new vehicle the Memorial Society had also been when Literaturna Ukraina published a statutes for the society. According to for exposing the full extent of political formed in Kharkiv and that it consisted Draft Program of the Popular Move­ the Moscow representative of the U- repression in Ukraine, setting the of about 40 activists. ment of Ukraine for Restructuring krainian Helsinki Union, Anatoliy historical record straight, and cam- proposed by initiative groups of the Dotsenko, the new organization aims to pai^^ning for real democratization in ОШсіаІ reaction Kiev Branch of the Writers' Union and compile documentation about the vic­ Ukraine. of the Institute of Literature of the tims of political terror in Ukraine, help The new organization supplements From the relatively scant information survivors and their families, build a that has appeared in the Ukrainian Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences. the already existing informal associa­ Not only are writers actively involved memorial complex to the victims, and tions concerned with improving the press about the Ukrainian Memorial generally foster the development of Society, it can be safely assumed that in the Ukrainian Memorial Society, but status of the Ukrainian language and also, among other things, their draft Ukrainian culture and of democratiza­ culture and with protecting the environ­ the defenders of the status quo in tion in Ukraine. Ukraine have not been too enthusiatip program emphasizes a certain overlap ment, and in this way strengthens the in goals between the new movement multifarious Ukrainian movement for about this organization. Successful first rally that they want to create and Memo­ national renewal. Should the Ukrainian After all, the Moscow Memorial rial's. popular movement for restructuring get Society is known to be supported by The following day, the new society's going, the Ukrainian Memorial Society some of the USSR's most liberal cultu­ But this is not all. Coming so soon first public meeting drew several thou­ is likely to become an important ral figures, while in Byelorussia a after the first republican conference in sand people and turned into a political January of the Ukrainian ecological component of it. Memorial-type association has mobi­ demonstration. Several of the speakers Green World (Zeleny Svit) association lized considerable public support and are reported to have emphasized that The inaugural conference of the and the inaugural conference on Fe­ become a thorn in the side of the Stalinism was still alive in Ukraine and Ukrainian Memorial Society and its bruary 11-12 of the Taras Shevchenko republic's authorities. to have protested against YQpr^ss'wQ first rally is also further evidence of the Ukrainian Language Society, the cry­ methods which the Shcherbytsky re­ continuing remarkable activization of Vinnyt^ia and Bykovnia stallization of yet another significant gime is using against dissenters. public and national life in the Ukrai­ organization that is opposed to the The resolution adopted by the in- nian capital. What has been particularly telling has status quo in Ukraine strengthens the been the attitude of the authorities in challenge to the defenders of the old Ukraine on the issue of Kuropaty-, or order. Katyn-like, sites in the republic where Chornobyi nuclear station for the fir Memorial's inaugural conference there are known or suspected to be mass Gorbachev... time on Thursday, February 23, an graves of political prisoners executed The weekend on which the Ukrainian (Continued from page 3) nouncing that "we must not stop takim during the Stalin era. Memorial Society was launched coin­ made into a training center if specialists care of those who suffered radial!сн For instance, the Ukrainian press and cided with the 36th anniversary of find it inexpedient to build the power sickness in the disaster almost thre; the authorities are still silent about what Stalin's death. Close to 500 people from station, Mr. Gorbachev told the Kiev years ago." occurred in Vinnytsia in the late 1930s, throughout Ukraine are reported to residents. "We are not about to deceive "The main thing is that the acciden even though during the war the Ger­ have taken part in the society's inaugu­ anyone because we will only be fooling happened," said Mr. Gorbachev. "Iti . mans publicized the discovery of mass ral conference, including representa­ ourselves," he said. complicated problem. The main pi i graves in the city containing almost tives of the Ukrainian cultural society Coming under a barrage of criticism blem is man himself." 10,000 victims, all of whom had been Slavutych in Moscow,.the banned over his perestroika reform program, "We should take care of those w killed by shots in the back of the neck. Ukrainian Catholic Church, and the Mr. Gorbachev told crowds of Kievans were subjected to radiation and who І t Alexander Solzhenitsyn and Robert main Ukrainian "dissident" organiza­ to "press on, press on," as he walked sick now," Mr. Gorbachev said r Conquest have described the crimes tion - the Ukrainian Helsinki Union. through the city hearing complaints remarks broadcast by Radio Moscc ' committed in Vinnytsia in "The Gulag Three representatives of the Latvian about food shortages, prices, living "We should not stop just after e? Archipelago" and "The Great Terror," Baltic Front were present, as well as conditions and abuses of power. mining them. We should contin І respectively. American and French diplomatic ob­ The Reuters press agency reported taking care of them." The official attitude towards the case servers. that Mr. Gorbachev stated: "If you Although Mr. Gorbachev stated if ; of what seems to be a similar site at Among those who delivered the don't like what's happening, then get it is unlikely that "we could live withe Bykovnia. near Kiev, is also indicative. opening addresses was the poet and together and deal with it. It's up to every atomic power," he did add that sale \ Last summer, the authorities erected a member of the Central Committee of one of us, me, you, and everyone," he measures at nuclear power plants had monument there on which it is stated the Ukrainian Communist Party, Borys said. be increased and made more rehabR that the grave contains the victims of Oliynyk, who made an outspoken Mr. Gorbachev stressed the special He made it clear that he would mci "the Fascist occupiers." speech at the I9th Party Conference. respect that has always been given in the ahead with an energy source that I Local residents, the Ukrainian Hel­ Quite a few former political prisoners Politburo to development of the Ukrai­ been criticized by a growing number sinki Union, the informal Kiev-based were present, and two of them, My- nian culture and language. "We are environmental groups in the Sov Ukrainian Culturological Club, and khailo Horvn and Evhen Proniuk were devoting special attention to assure that Union. more recently the Ukrainian Memorial elected to the society's republican progress is made in all areas in U- With the third anniversary of Society, however, have collected evi­ coordinating council. kraine," said Mr. Gorbachev, reported Chornobyi nuclear accident fast dence which indicates the mass execu­ In their discussions, the delegates did UPI. proaching, the Soviet press has be: tions were carried out on the site bv the not Цщії ШС,Ь.^І;ЬСЬ to the famine '^f. According to Gerald Nadler of UPL writing about the damages and af NKVD in the late 1930s. This public 1932-1933 ап'^ Uie purges oi the 1930s. For Mr. Gorbachev paid a visit to the effects of the tragic explosion. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989 No, 11

Ukraine and.,. the values, they create that one can establishment to permanently freeze, as say, to its own devices, leading to its foresee a political revival. Without them it were, the mode of existence of the intellectual and cultural pauperization, (Continued from page 4) all talk of political clout is empty. If Ukrainian community in its emigre or even to comical aberrations, where to me is a somewhat normative, or people are satisfied with an ethnogra­ position — which in reference to our graphomaniacs, for example, are given perhaps a nominalist stance — but as an phic Ukraine, a Ukraine for "home context carried with it a confrontational serious and glowing reviews - by other adaptive response to perceived and use," that is what it will be. Political attitude towards everything that was graphomaniacs. No objective observer most often real threat or crisis. The power is never given - it is always not explicitly dissident in Soviet U- can escape the impression that with structure I would postulate, in short, is earned, and taken. kraine. perhaps only the exception of a few not the incompleteness of Ukrainian Before proceeding to the other, Let me schematically juxtapose these monthly journals, like Suchasnist, culture, but its recurring defensiveness. necessarily shorter part of my topic, I two phases, the ideological and the Vidnova or Nowi Dni, each with a To take the issue of servilism, which so should merely recapitulate the three ethnic, particularly as to their relation small, basically elite, readership, the often is singled out for special oppro­ forces, as I see it, that are actively or to, their perception of, Ukraine. I stress Ukrainian press hardly does justice to brium. If one looks for literary-generic potentially working on and shaping that these are necessarily schematic and the Ukrainian community. models one could perhaps easily focus hlasnist in Ukraine. One of these, not really nuanced - and nuance, of In the absence of a forum - the on Divovych's dramatic dialogue of already much discussed is the general course, is all-important. Ukrainian popular press is after all 1762, "Razhovor Velykorossii s Malo- fate and development of pere- In the extreme ideological, especially either in the hands of the ideologues rossieju,''where the younger brother vs. stroika/perebudova, demokratizatsia, right-wing view, Ukraine existed in a who are incapable of addressing them older brother paradigm is given most and so on. temporal and political vacuum; it was or the fraternals, who are afraid to rock succinctly. The second, which has hardly even represented iconically and sentimen­ the boat - essential issues, precisely as But its conceptual structure is not so been mentioned, but which I and many tally, as a 19th century village khata, or the one of the sea change occurring in much servilist-loyalist as legitimist, and in Ukraine consider crucial, are the through the ought-to-be reality of a Ukraine and the response that the psychologically - and this is most profound, traumatic changes occurring continuing underground struggle a- Ukrainian communities in the West crucial — activated by profound, im­ in Russian culture, particularly its gainst the oppressor. The only good should make, and the role they can play, perially imposed guilt, here for Mazepa retrenching to its core, to Its ethnic Ukrainians there were those martyred are left entirely, one might say im­ and his "treason." The guilt that Dr. roots. The picture, as we know, is very and dead, or dissident and jailed; the morally, unattended to. This irresponsi­ Larissa Onyshkevych, correctly I think, murky. The actual values, let alone rest — including the entire intellectual bility, the fact that arguably the most saw in the literature on the Chornobyl program of the various versions of and cultural establishment - were important issue facing the Ukrainian theme, has its distant and deep Russian nationalism, from Pamiat and either collaborators, or toadies, or at nation today has to date not been roots in a kind of national guilt and the Fond Kultury to the academics like the very best, simply "unaware" ("ne discussed in an open way (which of inferiority collectively imposed as a Likhachev, in their attitude to the other svidomi"). The political system — and course cannot be attributed only to the sanction - as with the idea of Ma- nationalities, and particularly the U- Mr. Shumuk reminded us of this pers­ institutions or parties that own and run zepynstvo — for political unreliability. krainian, are far from clear. But there pective - was seen as entirely unrefor- the press, but must be put at the With Ukrainian patriotism always sub­ are very real, major voices urging that mable (as a "thing" as Sartre put it - doorstep of the entire community) is ject to being tarred with the broad brush the Russian people divest themselves of although they would have hardly read functionally and morally the equivalent of political unreliability (from Mazepyn- their variant of the colonial white man's him), and any hope for change, for of the national nihilism that is so much stvo to Petliurivshchyna to Banderiv- burden and let go all of them who want improvement, was predicated either on decried in Soviet Ukraine. shchyna) a collective adaptive response to go. As I have heard it, one statement violent revolution there or (echoing the But I certainly do not intend to was certain to emerge. heard at last month's meeting of the experience of World War I and World conclude with a bleak picture. On the At first provincialism was imposed, Writer's Union in Moscow was "im- War II) on the agency of outside contrary, my postulate of a transition to as with Peter's and Catherine's "re­ peria rukhnula." How representative, intervention. a diaspora-type community is predi­ forms." In the course of the 19th century and broadly felt this is, whether it Both scenarios were openly apo­ cated on the belief that that community, first as Kotliarevshchyna, then as extends only to the Baltic republics, and calyptic, involving in the worst instance in great measure, especially as regards its Khutorianstvo, then the broad seeming­ the Caucasian ones, or to Ukraine as a demented Dr. Strangelove-like doc­ younger, creative, intellectual forces, is ly all-embracing phenomenon of popu­ well, is now a huge imponderable. But trine that we would have to destroy now in unprecedented numbers spiri­ lism, of narodnytstvo and its most whatever its strength, Russian weari­ Ukraine in order to liberate it. This, of tually involved in, and emotionally pointed thesis, Kostomarov's notion of ness with empire will never replace the course, easily played into the hands of attuned to the heartland of Ukrainian Ukrainian literature as a literature for need for a Ukrainian consciousness and Soviet propaganda and allowed it to culture - Ukraine itself. This is the "home use" only, Ukrainian culture drive for selfKletermination. Still, it is a discredit the emigration in toto. Not positive and rather unexpected, but collectively adapted to the real histori­ factor. least of all, in its virulent anti-commu­ most promising obverse of the process cal circumstances and at the same time The third factor, which also has not nism it also gave Ukrainians a bad name of ethnicization. In a paradoxical way, instinctively and defensively sought to been a subject of our deliberations, is in various intellectual and political the ethnicization also made possible a orient Ukrainian culture and literature the Ukrainian diaspora, its resources circles of American and Canadian certain deprovincialization of the mind along the "safe and solid"foundation of and the ways in which it can affect society. set. For at least some, the departure the narod, in effect the peasantry. hlasnist in Ukraine. For at least in The transition from a political- from the discredited ideological model That this, with times, became a principle, potentially, is now seems that emigre society to one of a diaspora-like did not signal a departure from things formula for stasis and a self-imposed for the first time since the 19th century structure is very complex, and I am Ukrainian, but a reorientation to a and debilitating provincialism is some­ when Austrian Galicia was a Piedmont, barely touching the surface, but a more attractive source. This quite thing I have argued before - and it still a reservoir for resources and support for central role is played by the process of simply is what glasnost has done for us: deserves our attention. What is re­ the Ukrainian revival in the Russian ethnicization, where large segments of it has revived Ukrainian culture not markable is that even today this defen­ Empire, the Ukrainians living abroad the group, particularly the younger and only in Ukraine. sive response continues to exist — on are in the position to play such a role. middle generations become "ethnics," What we can do for Ukraine is, of the one hand in ethnographism, in the To postulate this eventuality one that is people with a basic profile of course, the ultimate question, and I can basically misguided notion that only the must, at least provisionally, define this American or Canadian values, and only hardly resolve it here. One does what traditional, folk repertoire and models diaspora. I do so tentatively, with the a very selective and invariably second­ one can; and in helping them we help are truly Ukrainian, and on the other in full understanding that the time is too hand knowledge of, in this case, the ourselves. For me it has been intensive purism and organicism, where, as Prof. short to draw a full picture and that the Ukrainian culture. work in the area of scholarly, academic Bohdan Rubchak has demonstrated range of evidence is still limited. My The transition affects various defor­ and cultural exchanges. This is also the with respect to various tendencies in experience is drawn on the United mations in the life of the community. work of my colleagues, Dr. Bohdan contemporary Ukrainian poetry, and States, and the differences between the One of the areas that is first to suffer is Krawchenko and Virko Baley, who have Virko Baley has often argued in the Ukrainian community there and in that of language, of the Ukrainian already spoken here. In the area of context of contemporary Ukrainian Canada, I know, are considerable, but language, and of its institutional form, cooperative ventures it is the calling of music, an ultimately self-defeating the basic parameters, I trust, do apply. the Ukrainian-language press. In the various entrepreneurs. It is becoming exclusionary perimeter is drawn around The most important of these is that in absence of the more dynamic, upwardly the work of ever growing numbers. It is one's legitimate stylistic and thematic the course of the last two decades or so, mobile group, who no longer actively our debt to our culture and our invest­ resources and possibilities. As in the almost imperceptively, certainly with­ use the language, the press is left, so to ment in its future. time of Vyshensky and then Kulish, the out the community turning its attention defensive wall against the aggressive to it in any concerted, public way, it has Charter... Paulius Vaitekunas other culture becomes indistinguishable shifted from a primarily ideological to a ^ Estonian National Indepen­ from an enclosing prison wall. primarily ethnic mode of existence. In (Continued from page 2) dence Party - Lagle Parek and Ants What is the relation of all this to effect, without any intellectual or cover freedom and hope that we will Tsindis glasnost? I submit that it lies in the fact political introspection, the Ukrainian achieve this in the near future with­ ^ Lithuanian Freedom League — that the ideas and questions spawned by community has moved from being an out resorting to force. Algimantas Baltrushis and Antanas it are brought to bear on such funda­ emigration to being a diaspora. This, of January 29, 1989. Vilnius, Lithua­ Terletskas mental issues of Ukrainian national course, is hardly total or clear-cut, but nia. Signed by: ^ The Fraction of the Ukrainian culture in its complex historical and the shift, as I wish to argue, is ines­ Helsinki Union — Ivan Makar and psychological extension and with it capable. ^ National Union for the Self- Bohdan Hrytsay engage a clearer sense of the whole, It occurred primarily on the basis of Determination of Armenia - ^ Unofficial Popular Front of particularly the flaws and pathologies. demographic change and attendant Mekhak Gabrielian Latvia — Ints Tsalitis Some of the latter, especially that of processes of economic upward mobi­ ^ United Struggle for the Survival ^ The Byelorussian Club Pogonia slavishness, of kholuystvo, of the censor lity; it occurred in conjunction with of Armenia — Vaan Ishkhanian and the Byelorussian Tribune - within that Khvyliovy and Una Kos- processes of acculturation to the Ame­ ^ Society of St. Illia the Veritable Serzuk Mekhames tenko wrote about, are under a con­ rican or Canadian milieu; it occurred, as (Georgia) — Merab Kostava ^ Georgian National Democratic tinuing barrage of criticism and self- 1 said, gradually and all but impercep­ ^ Society of Illia Chavchevadze Party — Georgi Akhelia criticism, but the process of healing is tibly, and quite in opposition to the (Georgia) - Tariel Gviniashvili ^ Lithuanian Committee to Aid neither easy nor swift. It is only through efforts of the traditional, i.e., "new" or 9 National Union of Lithuanian Political Prisoners — Piatras Tid- these ideas" moreowrr^ffd the will, or ^ post WorM Wtf ll"emtgfe "political"" Youth ^r^ Stasis Bushkravicius^^and -'-zlk'is:"'- -' '^'----^'''-'-'^^-'-^-^ ' ^"-:--'^-"- ^-:v.,. No. 11 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989

turing of our society. researchers in the U.S. Department of Initiative group's... At the same time we call upon His Washington... Education international affairs re­ (Continued from page 3) Holiness Ecumenical Orthodox Pa­ (Continued from page 6) source division. tive Committee for the Renewal of the triarch Demetrios, upon the Ukrainian day.'' On February 14, the Bush adminis­ Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Autocephalous Orthodox Church a- The following day, Rep. Jim Saxton tration released a detailed outline of the Church in Ukraine. We will put forth broad, upon the Autocephalous Ortho­ (R-N.J.) added his remarks about plan to restructure the savings and loan questions on the renewal of the Ukrai­ dox Churches of the world, upon Ukrainian Independence Day. He industry. In the outline were new nian Autocephalous Orthodox Church international Christian organizations stated that he "would like to take this measures including plans to require before the legislative bodies of the and upon all people of good will to opportunity both to plead support for stricter accounting methods for credit Ukrainian SSR and the USSR and come to our aid. We yearn, as do all Ukraine and its peoples and to unions. The major change is a require­ demand the registration of the religious civilized people, to pray to and worship encourage the Soviet leadership to relax ment that credit unions write off contri­ communities (parishes) of the Ukrai­ God in our native churches, using our its iron fist and grant individuals rights butions to the National Credit Union nian Autocephalous Orthodox Church. native tongue. to freedom of religion and cultural Share Insurance Fund over an eight- If need be, we will collect signatures practices." year period and begin to contribute one- from the Ukrainian population peti­ February 15, 1989 twelfth of 1 percent of their deposits to tioning the renewal of the Ukrainian Adminisfration update the fund annually. Currently, credit Autocephalous Orthodox Church. The Rev. Bohdan Mykhailechko, unions are allowed to count contribu­ However, we are hopeful that this oastor of the Holy Dormition Church in In a letter to the UNA Washington tions on their books as capital. Credit matter will not require such drastic Elgava, Latvian SSR. Office on behalf of Secretary of Educa­ unions are expected to oppose the measures and that the renewal of our Taras Antonjuk, Kiev tion Lauro Cavazos, Michelle Easton, proposed changes which affect over Church will go uncontested on the basis Anatoly Bytchenko, Kiev. deputy undersecretary of education, 15,000 credit unions. Smaller credit of the constitutional guarantees of the Mykola Budnyk, Skolobiv, Zhytomyr thanked the UNA for the information unions would be hardest hit by the freedom of conscience, hence becoming region. about Ukrainian Independence Day proposed changes. true proof of the democratic restruc­ Larysa Lokhvytska, Kiev. and the copy of the Third Universal. She stated that the replica of the Third Universal will be made available to Join the UNA Make your taxes less taxing. Do them today The Administration of Svoboda is pleased to announce that it is now accepting ТОШПГ. EASTER GREETINGS for 1989

STOP TAXING YOURSELF. in SVOBODA and THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY WANTED HAVE A PROFESSIONAL PREPARE YOUR TAXES. STEFAN KACZARAJ, C.P.A. EXPERIENCED PRESSER 9d SECOND AVENUE, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10003 What better way to reach your family and friends than by placing an EASTER GREETING in one FOR DRY CLEANING. FULL TIME (212)353-2607 or both of our newspapers. Prices are as follows: OR PART TIME. PLEASE CALL OTHER SERVICES: GEORGE, Tel. (201) 798-8585 AUDITING. ACCOUNTING, BUSINESS TAXES. 1 Inch by 1 column S 7.00 AND COMPUTERIZED WRITE-UPS. 1 inch by 2 columns 10.00 ^2 Inches by 2 columns 20.00 NOTICE 3 Inches by 2 columns 30.00 4 inches by 2 columns 40.00 To all members of UNA Branch ^34 in Richmond, Virginia 5 Inches by 2 columns 50.00 Following the death of LEW BLONAROVYCH and so on the duties of SECRETARY OF BRANCH 34 have been taken over by MRS. MARY ANDERSON, Greetings are being accepted through: , ;, МіМ^СИ 15/1989 (ЇЙ E^^ former President of the Branch. APRIL 15, 1989 (for Easter issue according to the old calendar) Please refer all rлatters pertaining to membership, insurance and premium payments to the new Secretary at the following address: Mrs. MaVy Anderson To place your EASTER GREETING, simply send the text along with a check or money order 3905 Brook Rd., Richmond/VA., 23227. Tel.: (804) 2629880 (US dollars) in the appropriate amount to: SVOBODA PITTSBURGH DISTRICT COMMITTEE 30 Montgomery Street " Jersey City, N.J. 07302 of the UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION ANNOUNCES THAT ІООЗ^еКА m SOYUZlVKA ANNUAL DISTRICT COMMITTEE MEETING /Л 1 ЄСЯТ" KounJ Ke?OT-t Will be held FOR THE BENEFIT OF OUR MEMBERS SOYUZlVKA Sunday, April 2, 1989 at 2:00 P.M. at 600 Glenwood Avenue, Ambridge, Pa. IS OPEN DURING THE MONTH OF MARCH Obligated to attend the annual meeting as voting members are District Committee Officers, Convention Delegates and two delegates from the following Branches: SUMMER SEASON 24, 41, 53, 56, 63, 91, 96, 109, 113, 120, 126, 132, 161, IS 264, 276, 296, 338, 481. FAST All UNA members are welcome as guests at the meeting. AGENDA: APPROACHING 1. Opening and acceptance of the Agenda OUR ROOMS ARE 2. Verification of quorum FILLING UP 3. Election of presidium 4. Minutes of preceding annual meeting FAST 5. Reports of District Committee Officers MAKE YOUR 6. Discussion on reports and their acceptance 7. Election of District Committee Officers RESERVATIONS NOW 8. Address by UNA Supreme President DR. JOHN 0. FLIS FOR YOUR 9. Adoption of District activities program for the current year NEXT 10. Discussion and Resolutions VACATION 11, Adjournment MANAGEMENT Meeting will be attended by: Dr. John 0. FliS, UNA Supreme President СОЮЗІВКА Ф SOYUZlVKA Andrew Jula, UNA Supreme Advisor DISTRICT COMMITTEE: 'ч^іКт'сяіпісяп IXjc^tion^l /-дд^осіся^іогі tz^tc^te Andrew Jula, President Poc^mo.. Red Ke^onk.on, New Yo^ 12446 Dmytro Holowatyj, Secre'^-, Joseph Nadzak, Treasurer Ql4-6?6-564l THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989 No. 11

UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION Monthly reports for Decernber RECORDING DEPARTMENT DISBURSEMENTS FOR DECEMBER 1988 Paid To Or For Members: MEMBERSHIP REPORT Cash Surrenders 5 36,742.98 DECEMBER 1988 Endowments Matured 177,514.01 Death Benefits 63,716.00 Juv. Adults ADD Total Interest On Death Benefits 32.34 TOTAL AS OF NOVEMBER 30, 1988 18,229 47,707 6,241 72,177 Payor Death Benefits 200.70 GAINS IN DECEMBER 1988 Reinsurance Premiums Paid 3,485.41 Dividend To Members 3,738.14 New members 63 10 146 73 Dues From Members Returned 2,085.77 Reinstated 18 59 4 81 Indigent Benefits Disbursed 2,200.00 Transferred in 3 13 4 20 Change of class in 4 5 Tots! S289715.35 Transferred from Juv. Dept. - 2 - 2 TOTAL GAINS: 88 152 18 258 Operating Expenses: LOSSES IN DECEMBER 31 1988 Washington Office ? 11,032.26 Real Estate , 50,678.33 Suspended 14 25 13 52 Svoboda Operation 138,101.11 Transferred out 4 15 4 23 Official Publication-Svoboda 95,000.00 Cfiange of class out 4 5 9 Transferred to adults 2 2 Died 63 63 Organizing Expenses: Cash surrender 26 40 66 Advertising 5 5,279.97 Endowment matured 37 95 132 Medical Inspections 359,95 Fully paid-up 25 110 135 Reward To Special Organizers 1,346.16 Reduced paid-up 2 2 Supreme Medical Examiner's Fee 375.00 Extended insurance Field Conferences 3,301.32 Cert terminated 6 24 30 - Total S 10,662.40 TOTAL LOSSES: 112 361 41 514 INACTIVE MEMBERSHIP: Payroll. Insurance And Taxes: GAINS IN DECEMBER 31, 1988 Salary Of Executive Officers S 14,233.34 Salary of Office Employee's 35,607.73 Paid up 25 112 137 Employee Benefit Plan 55,416.15 Extended insurance 29 70 - 99 Insurance-General 3,073.00 TOTAL GAINS: 54 182 - 236 Taxes-Federal, State And City On Employee Wages 17,663.18 LOSSES IN DECEMBER 31, 1988 Died 0 16 16 Total 5125,993.40 Cash surrender 5 63 68 Reinstated 3 6 - 9 General Expenses: Lapsed 5 82 87 Acturial And Statistical Expenses 5 24,495.00 Books And Periodicals 246.22 TOTAL LOSSES: 13 167 180 - Dues To Fraternal Congresses 70.00 TOTAL UNA MEMBERSHIP Furniture 8t Equipment 583.95 18,246 71,977 AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1988 47,513 62,18 General Office Maintenance 8,221.02 Insurance Department Fees 268.90 WALTER SOCHAN Operating Expense Of Canadian Office 226.63 Supreme Secretary Postage 4,279.51 Prmting And Stationery 665.93 Rental Of Equipment And Services 269.31 FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT Telephone, Telegraph 1,751.37 INCOME FOR DECEMBER 1988 Traveling Expenses-General 9,645.41 Dues From Members J230,474.34 Income From "Svoboda" Operation 140,705.71 Total S 50,723.25 Investment Income: Bonds 5446,143.39 Miscellaneous: Certificate Loans 4,273.81 Ukrainian Publications 5 12,460.47 Mortgage Loans 42,221.94 Fraternal Activities 248.47 Banks 5,012.49 Donations 80,375.92 Stocks : 13,898.24 Accrued Interest On Bonds 18,593.75 Real Estate 67,282.17 Amortization Premiums on Bonds 10,146.73 Loan To Ukrainian National Depreciation Of Real Estate 31,811.25 Urban Renewal Corporation 298,530.12 Depreciation Of Printing Plant 11,549.95 Depreciation Of EDP Equipment 9,580.51 Total S877,362.16 Total 5174,767.05 Refunds: Taxes Federal, State 8i City On Employee Wages J 16,366.89 Investments: Printing Si Stationery Ret'd 23.76 Bonds 51,006,068.30 Taxes Held In Escrow 3,865.10 Mortgages 90,000.00 Employee Hospitalization Plan Premiums 486,36 Stock 13,898.24 Official Publication "Svoboda" 34,615.17 Certificate Loans 5,923.81 Scholarship Ret'd 250,00 Real Estate 170,853.04 Office Expense Washington Ret'd 254.50 Insurance Ret'd 843.00 Total 51,286,743.39 Endowment Matured Ret'd 155.13 Bank Charge Ret'd 400.55 Disbursements For December 1988 52,233,416.54 Total ,...... S 57,260.46

Miscellaneous: . BALANCE Donations To Fraternal Fund 5 45.20 Ukrainian Heritage Defense Fund Donations 1,908.41 ASSETS: LIABILITIES: Profit On Bonds Sold Or Matured 192.18 Sale Of "Ukrainian Encyclopaedia" 2,745.26 cCash Ї 589,692.00 Life Insurance . ^61,390,937.92 Accrual of Discount On Bonds 83,045.06 Bonds .. 1,682,245.63 Mortgage Loans Total ...... ,.... S 87,936.11 -.V^SM """-'"'"""' Certificate Loans 641,582.15 Fraternal . (121,344.92) Real Estate . 1,389,502.54 Q,^^^^^ ... 385,839.52 Investments: Printing Plant Si E.D.P. Bonds Matured Or Sold .,...... 5340,263.94 . Equipment 305,673.54 Old Age Home . . (153,475.89) Mortgages Rapaid 15,714.33 Stocks . 1,326,933.83 Emergency ,...,. 68,762.90 Certificate Loans Repaid 12,442.42 Loan To D.H. - U.N.A. Printing Plant 11,549.95 Housing Corp 104,551.04 ReaTEstate 31,811.25 Loan to U.N.U.R.C . 5,320,000.00 Electronic Data Processing Equipment 9,580.51 Loan To U.N.U.R.C. 255,000.00 Total 563,252,965.16 Total . 563,252,965.16 Total S676,362.40 ULANA DIACHUK Income For December 1988 S2,070,101.18 Supreme Treasurer No. 11 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989

The Kiev Oblast government con­ exhibiting a "cynical disregard" for the Yet, however negligent the planners industrial... ducted a survey into the question, views of the Porubky residents. If those have been, and however much the (Continued from page 2) authored by Deputy Chairman, V. in favor of the project have some criticisms are warranted, the change in factories producing superphosphate at Synko, who concluded that in order to serious arguments to offer, the editors the planning system has to come from present, he states, all of which have poor avoid contamination of the environ­ state, then why have they not met with above. economic returns and are ecologically ment around the city, the burial site the public to elucidate them? The tragedy of the situation in U- harmful. Why not reconstruct these should be within the 30-kilometer zone The above examples typify the si­ kraine is that an ecologically cata­ rather than build a new edifice? around the damaged Chornobyl nuclear tuation in the republic today. Industrial strophic situation has preceded the Moreover, an analysis carried out by reactor, since this zone is already pollution has been ignored for decades, current attention to industrial pollu­ economist S.I. Doroguntsov, head of contaminated. the system of planning new enterprises tion. Before attention was drawn to the the Council for the Study of Productive The choice evidently has brought that produce poisonous by-products is situation, there was already acid rain, Forces of Ukraine with the Ukrainian little comfort to those worried about known to be archaic in that it can ride black snow, contamination of large Academy of Sciences, has indicated that the state of the Dnieper and Prypiat roughshod not only over emotional areas of agricultural land, a huge steel the Berezivka enterprise is not even Rivers, and the Kiev Reservoir. It protests from the public, but even over complex in the middle of housing needed. should be added that the 30-kilometer carefully laid-out analyses from scien­ estates. Many questions raised by experts zone is not uninhabited either. tists and expert commissions. about the project have remained unan­ Critics feel that the selected site - Further, the consequences of such a Because of perceived economic re­ swered. For example, where will the which is supposed to be ready by 1993 system have already been shown to be quirements, which have taken prece­ 20,000 cubic meters "consumed" daily — could contaminate other areas be­ very serious: witness the affair of the dence over conservation or economy of by the combine be drained off? What cause of their link-up with the Dnieper Chernivtsi children and the high death existing resources, this same system is will be the make-up of raw materials River. rate and incidence of infant sickness in continuing to build more dangerous being deposited into the atmosphere? In the view of the article's author, the Dnipropetrovske in the area of the structures simply because there is no The documents supporting the con­ best solution in fulfilling such projects is Petrovsky steelworks. legal authority to stop such plans. struction of the Berezivka combine to be found at the small Hungarian belong in an issue of Krokodil, declares settlement of Azol, near Budapest. BUY UNITED STATES Prof. Taubman. Thus a republican There, a pubUc commission was created For the current inspection of the safety of the air in the at a building site, which has worked in SAVINGS BONDS rate call... area of the future combine has given the close cooperation with the builders on go-ahead for the construction on the the question of toxic waste. As a result, I,a00-US-BONDS basis of documents provided by the contaminating substances are said to planners themselves rather than an have been safely conserved, and the independent analysis. public is provided with a detailed Of concern to Prof. Taubman is the account of each stage of the project. In possibility that cadmium, a cancer- the Ukrainian SSR, however, such causing agent, will be one of the by­ "democracy" is not yet in place. products of the combine. How can one The regular recourse of the public in build an industrial enterprise, he asks, these situations, has been to write to which may contaminate local fields with local Kiev newspapers. carcinogenic substances? Yet such an One such letter arrived at the editorial outcome is not even anticipated in the offices of Molod Ukrainy recently, documents for construction. signed by 159 residents of the small Above all. Prof. Taubman complains village of Porubky (Rivne Oblast), about a planning system in which, in complaining about the proposed buil­ spite of the obvious defects of the plan, ding of an ammonia plant one kilo­ the unfortunate location of the buil­ meter from the village. The writers ding, and the overwhelmingly negative maintained that the distance from the reviews from scientists and the pubHc of village is too little, that local fields will the Berezivka combine, "construction be poisoned by nitrates and pesticides. will soon be started." In a poignant reminder of contempo­ As a result of inherent shortcomings rary ecological disasters in Ukaine, in the planning of large industrial toward the end of the letter is this enterprises in the Soviet Union, he statement: "We do not want our region asserts, associations frequently build to be struck by misery like the residents poor quality constructions on territo­ of Chornobyl and Chernivtsi." ries ill designed to accommodate them. The editors of Molod Ukrainy added In the city of Kiev, a longstanding a postscript that placed them squarely problem has been the storage of highly behind the 159 signatories of the letter. toxic industrial waste, much of which is It is even a crime to build such objects, dumped illegally on vacant plots of they asserted, without proper ecolo­ land. A decree on the building of a gical expertise and without lengthy burial site was accepted in 1984, but discussions with those who are obliged never put into operation. to live in the vicinity. The builders are

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UKRAINIAN SINGLES Contemporary Art from Ukraine NEWSLETTER

Serving Ukrainian singles of all ages throughout the United States and Canada. Ivan Dziuba, noted critic For information send a self-addressed stamped envelope to; My kola Zhulynsky, literary historian

Single Ukrainians Raisa ivanova, historian P.O. Box 24733, Phila.. Pa. 19111 Ihor Rymamk, poet VESELI NOCHI

Records Stapes S 10.00 U.S. to U.K. RECORDS Sunday, March 19, 3:00 P.M. P.O. Box 297 Liverpool, N.Y. 13088 Ukrainian Educational and Cultural Center Band Reservations: 1-315468-0088 700 Cedar Bd.,PbUadelphia, PA. (ZK)663tll66....; . THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MARCH 12, 1989 No. 11

March 16 PREVIEW OF EVENTS" PASSAIC, N.J.: Branch 18 of the rica invites the public to meet Dr. ingthe 175th anniversary of the birth Ukrainian national Women's League PHILADELPHIA: The Ukrainian Martha Bohachevsky-Chomiak. au­ of Taras Shevchenko will be held in of America will hold an Easter Student Hromada at the University thor ol the recent!) published book. the hall ofthe Assumption Ukrainian bazaar, 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. in St. of Pennsylvania will sponsor a ''Feminists Despite Themselves: Catholic Church at 11:30 a.m. Pre­ Nicholas auditorium, 212 President screening of 'Taras Bulba'' at 7:30 Women in Ukrainian Community senting the program will be the St., featuring exhibits and sales of p.m. at 111 S. 42nd St., as part of its Life 1184-1939.^' at 5 p.m. in the children of our parish school and the pysanky, arts and crafts and other fourth annual Ukrainian Film Festi­ Ukrainian Educational and Cultural guest speaker will be Dr. Roman items. Admission is free. For more val. For more information call (215) Center, 700 Cedar Road. l.eged/a from the University of information call Maria Moczula 662-5708. ?sebraska. For more information call Jachens. (201) 779-0459. NEW YORK: The New York Re­ Myron Wijtek, (402) 392-6506. MONTREAL: The Centre lnteruni- gional Council ol the Ukrainian HOUSTON: Branch 118 of the U- versitaire DT.tudes Europeenes will National Women's League ol Ame­ WHIPPANY, N.J.: Branch 61 of the krainian National Women's League sponsor a meeting with Ivan Dzyuba, rica invites the public to attend a Ukrainian National Women's League of America will hold its ninth annual literary critic and author of "Inter­ banquet with a special program in of America will hold its annual Easter bazaar, 11:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. in nationalism or Russification?" My- honor of Lidia Krushelnytsky at 4 Easter ba/aar, 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. in the the Ukrainian Hall, 9102 Meadow- koia Zhulynsky, literary historian p.m. in the Ukrainian National hall of St. John's Ukrainian Catholic shire. Pysanky and Easter foods, arts and deputy director of the Shev- Home, 140 Second Ave. Admission Church on Route 10. The public is and crafts, will be on sale and on chenko Literary Institute in Kiev, will be S25 per person. Tickets may invited. exhibit. For more information call Raisa Ivanova, historian and lecturer be ordered b\ mail addressed to CLIFTON, N.J.: The Holy Ascen­ Martha Uschak-Noukas, (713) 894- at the University of Kiev, and Ihor Anna Rak, 34-29 33rd St., Astoria, sion Ukrainian Orthodox Church 4932. Rymaruk. poet and head of the N.Y. 11 106. or by calling (718) 937- will hold its annual Ukrainian Cul­ Poetry and Drama Department at 1429. Checks may be made payable TRENTON, N.J.: Branch 19 of the Dnipro Publishers in Kiev, who will tural Day, noon to 5 p.m. Art, to the UNWLA. ' Ukrainian National Women's League speak about Ukraine during the ceramics, pysanky and other crafts of America invites the public to an period of restructuring at 2 p. p.m. in will be on sale. The church is located March 18-19 "Author's Afternoon," featuring Dr. the centre, 209 St. Catherine St., at 635 Broad St. Martha Bohachevsky-Chomiak, who Room 5200. CHICAGO: The Lisovi Mavky Plast CARNEGIE, Pa.: The Ss. Peter and will speak about her recently pub­ sorority will hold its annual Ukrai­ Paul Senior Ukrainian Orthodox lished book, ''Feminists Despite MONTREAL: The Ukrainian Cana­ nian Easter ba/aar, 10a,m. to 3p.m., League Chapter will hold its 23rd Themselves: Women in Ukrainian dian Professional and Business Asso­ in the Plast headquarters, 2124 W. annual Pysanka and Food Bazaar, Community Life 1884-1939," at 2 ciation of Montreal will sponsor an Chicago Ave. Items for sale will noon to 3 p.m. in the parish audito­ p.m. in the Ukrainian Cultural Cen­ evening with Ivan Dzyuba, noted include pysanky, ceramics by Slava rium on Mansfield Bou. м-d. Pro­ ter, 477 Jeremiah Ave. For more literary critic from Kiev, who will Gerulak and others, gift items, greet­ ceeds will benefit the Ss. . 'ЧІ information call Tania Bojcun, (609) speak about the current situation in ing cards and baked goods. For more Paul Archives Museum. Foi 581-1248, or Olha Faraoniw, 882- Ukraine at 7:30 p.m. in the hall of St. information call (312) 384-9215. information call (412) 276-0342. 9419. Sophia's Ukrainian Orthodox Ca­ thedral, 6255 11th Ave. in Rose- TORONTO: The Shevchenko Mrs. Kalynets is one of the members mount. For more information call Scientific Society will sponsor a Iryna Kalynets... ot the initiative committee to establish (514) 729-4092. scholarly conference in commemora- (Continued from page 1) the Marian Society, Compassion. This tion of the 50th anniversary of Residents of an apartment building group of women had wanted to meet WASHINGTON: Former Soviet Carpatho-Ukrainian Independence adjacent to St. George's, located at with Metropolitan Nikodim of Lviv and political prisoner Petro Ruban will Day, 9:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. on Khmelnytsky Square No. 5, among Ternopil two weeks prior to the planned address a gathering of Ukrainians at Saturday at the Ukrainian Canadian them Pavlina Parfionova, Ivan Tetliar, January 22 moleben, asking him to 7 p.m. at the St. Sophia Religious Arts Foundation, 2118 Bloor St. Volodymyr Siomka, Musa Bohdanova, allow such a service. The Russian Institute, 2615 30th St. N.W. Ad­ The conference will continue, 10 a.m. Iryna Kaminska, Rehina Lenhinets, Orthodox metropolitan reportedly mission will be S7 per person. For to 12:30 p.m., on Sunday. For more Yadviha Chekynova and three captains refused to see them. They mailed him more information call the Washing­ information call (416) 766-6252. of the militia, who were the neighbor­ a letter. Receiving no response, they ton office of the Ukrainian Congress hood patrol, also provided testimony were summoned to the office of a local Committee of America, (202) 547- March 19 against the two Ukrainian Catholic official in charge of religious affairs. 0018. believers. The women were told that Metropoli­ ABINGTON, Pa.: As part of the No witnesses for the defense were tan Nikodim had sent a letter to the March 18 Shevchenko Lecture Series for the sought by investigators, according to heads of the city and regional party first time in the United States, noted Lviv sources. Therefore, the two executive committees requesting pro­ UNIONDALE, N.Y.: St. MichaeFs critic Ivan Dzyuba, literary historian staunch supporters of the rights of the tection from "these various near-extre­ Ukrainian Orthodox Center, 236 Mykola Zhulvnsky, historian Raisa Ukrainian Catholic Church called upon mists." Newport Road, will host its annual Ivanova and poet Ihor Rymaruk will believers to step forward as their wit­ Easter bazaar, 1 to 5 p.m., featuring speak on aspects of Shevchenko and nesses. They have asked that these Mrs. Kalynets then responded with "Baba's Kitchen," as well as the sale culture today at 3 p.m. at the Ukrai­ people bring with them a Gospel and a an open letter to Metropolitan Niko­ of pysanky and other crafts. For nian Educational and Cultural Cen­ crucifix, stating that ''we ask that dim, underscoring the fact that 90 more information call Lesia Gural, ter, 700 Cedar Road. Concurrently, a witnesses who attended the moleben, percent of the faithful who attend (516) 681-6473, or the center, 481- two-week exhibition of "Contempo­ the entire women's association of the services at the eparchy are Greek 9560. rary Art from Ukraine" will open. Marian society. Compassion, (Mylo- Catholics in spirit. She stated that For more information call (215) 663- serdia) come to testify. We appeal to all instead of his agreeing to hold an ABINGTON, Pa.: The Philadelphia 1166. the above mentioned, because they are ecumenical moleben on the occasion of Regional Council of the Ukrainian believers-Christians, to swear on the the unification of Ukrainian lands, 70 National Women's League of Ame- OMAHA, Neb.: A program honor- holy crucifix, placing their hand on the years ago, he ignored the women's Gospel." The two defendants stated that requests. '4his is the Christian way, as is dictated It is not known whether this letter will Turning... by a Christian conscience and church also be used against Mrs, Kalynets (Continued from page 6) tradition." during her trial. was forced to tlee into exile. ITie Revs. Kochkodan and Shtum, The significance of the Carpatho-Ukrainian state is explained as follows by Crest priests of St. George's Cathedral, de­ Subtelny in his new book, ^'A History of Ukraine": mand severe punishment for Mrs. Hunger Strikers... ''The Carpatho-Ukrainian experience was paradoxical. Of all the west Kalynets and Mr. Horyn, writing in (Continued from page 2) Ukrainian lands, it was among the least developed in socioeconomic, cultural and their accusations that ''All of this makes The list of hunger strike participants political terms. Yet, it was the only region that achieved a measure of self- us, and all conscious Orthodox Chris­ after March 27 will be reported by the government. Brief as it was, the existence of a Ukrainian government in Carpatho- tians, indignant tothedepthsofoursouls. External Representation at a later date. Ukraine had an impact similar to that of the Ukrainian governments in the 1917- Ihese gatherings (they wrote referring Mr. Klymchak, a 51-year-old techni­ 1920 period: it helped to turn much of the region's population, especially the youth, to the January 22 moleben) evoke in less cian from western Ukraine, was arrest­ into nationally conscious Ukrainians. The episode also had important implications conscious religious people a religious ed in November 1978 for crossing the for German-Ukrainian relations, for it served as a graphic illustration of how little conflict, and thus, we ask that these so- Soviet border into Iran and taking with Ukrainians could depend on the goodwill of Hitler." called fighters for human rights, be him his works of fiction that were Ukraine: A Concise Encyclopedia notes that the importance of independent properly punished, so that incidents of labelled "nationalistically biased" and Carpatho Ukraine 'May in the fact that the smallest and, until 1918, the most this sort do not repeat themselves in the which he intended to publish abroad. undeveloped part of Ukraine, for the first time in its history had been able to future." He was handed over to the Soviets by proclaim its independence and to fight against the Hungarian state which had been Mrs. Kalynets and Mr. Horyn con­ Iranian authorities and sentenced to its master for many centuries. It was also important, from a Ukrainian point of cluded their appeal to witnesses in their 15 years' strict-regimen labor camp and view, that not only local Ukrainians but also Galicians, men from central Ukraine, case, stating: "Let us pray for those who five years' exile. and men from Bukovina took part in its defense. have lost their souls, let us pray that Mr. Klymchak's case is mentioned by "From an international point of view the Carpatho-Ukrainian-Hungarian they may be enlightened, so that they Natan Sharansky in his memoirs, "Fear battles were the first battles of World War II, for the Czechs surrendered their state may finally be able to understand that No Evil" (1988) and was also mentioned to the imperialistic policy of Hitler and his allies without firing a shot. The legal the bloody terror of Stalinism will not in a New York Times article by Philip government of Carpatho-Ukraine, headed by President Voloshyn and including return, even if the clergymen ot the Taubman, who along with Times co­ the majority of the members of the Diet, rejected all compromises with the Russian Orthodox Church appeal for lumnist A.M. Rosenthal visited Perm occupying power and went into exile." this." camp No. 35 in December.