University of California, San Diego ISSN: 0888-73381 Repoport Number 21 SUMMER • 2003
CONTENTS
1 CMRR Celebrates CMRR Celebrates Twenty Years Twenty Years
2CMRR Establishes “Schultz Prize”
3From the Director his year, the Center for success. All CMRR students - past Research Reviews Magnetic Recording and present - were invited, along Research (CMRR) is with visiting researchers, represen- 4Distinguished Alumni Awards T celebrating the 20th tatives of our industry and govern- anniversary of its founding as an ment sponsors, and, of course, 5 Shannon Memorial Lecture Organized Center admin- Research Unit istrative staff, 6 Research Highlights at UC San technical staff, “Secure Erasure” Project Diego. In con- and faculty. junction with The festivi- 7 Lake Arrowhead the Spring ties began at Conference Research 5:00 p.m. with Review (May a reception in 8 CMRR Information Center Resources 7-8), several the CMRR special events lobby. Beneath 9 CMRR Welcomes recognized this a banner dis- New Affiliated Faculty milestone in playing the the Center’s CMRR logo 10 Grants and Gifts history. and proclaim- 11 Talke Receives On Monday, ing the anniver- Seagate Award May 5, the sary, the 140 guests – includ- Ph.D.’s Awarded first Shannon Memorial ing 30 CMRR 12 CMRR Welcomes Lecture was alumni – New Researchers presented in GUESTS CELEBRATE CMRR’S 20TH ANNIVERSARY AT enjoyed hors- THE MAY 6 RECEPTION HELD AT CMRR. the CMRR d’oeuvres and 13 Marcia Levitt conversation while being enter- Recognized for Service Auditorium by Prof. Toby Berger, On Tuesday, May 6, there was a tained with the delightful music of CMRR Graduatng Students special birthday celebration honoring the Samba Jazz trio, led by former the many individuals who have con- CMRR Research Scientist Dr. 16 Newsletter Contributors tributed to the Center’s 20 years of Lineu Barbosa. continued on page 14 CMRR REPORT1 SUMMER • 2003 CMRR establishes “Schultz Prize” FROM THE DIRECTOR
he year 2003 marks the ber of Prof. Ami n this issue of the CMRR CMRR’s success has its roots in 20th anniversary of the Berkowitz’s Report, you will find sev- the commitment of the university founding of the Center Magnetic Materials eral articles (and photos) and its sponsors in government and I relating to the Center’s industry to supporting an interdisci- T for Magnetic Recording and Devices group, Research, a truly landmark event in and Kai-Zhong Gao, 20th anniversary celebration, which plinary research center addressing the history of industry-university who recently was combined with our recent the vital area of information storage. partnerships at UC San Diego. In received his Ph.D. Spring Research Review. The well- Considering the benefits that have recognition and celebration of this degree from Prof. attended events highlighted the arisen from this commitment in the event, CMRR has established the Neal Bertram’s strength of the ties that bind togeth- past, and the exciting prospects for Sheldon Schultz Prize for Excellence Magnetic Recording er the diverse members of CMRR’s information storage research in the in Graduate Student Research. The Physics and “extended family,” as well as the future, I trust that in another twenty Prize is named in honor of former Micromagnetics breadth and depth of the contribu- years, there will be cause for a cele- CMRR Director, Sheldon Schultz, group. The awards tions that the members of this family bration even bigger and better that who skillfully guided the Center were presented at have made to modern data storage the one we’ve just enjoyed. from November 1990 through the 20th Anniversary technology over the past two August 2000. Celebration dinner, decades. KAI-ZHONG GAO (SECOND FROM LEFT) AND GEOFF BEACH (FAR RIGHT) SHARE The Schultz Prize is intended to May 6, 2003. THE FIRST SHELDON SCHULTZ PRIZE FOR EXCELLENCE IN GRADUATE STUDENT — Paul H. Siegel, Director RESEARCH. THE HONOREES ARE JOINED BY (LEFT TO RIGHT) PROFS. SHELLY SCHULTZ, annually recognize CMRR graduate Geoffrey Beach is NEAL BERTRAM, GAO’S ADVISOR AND AMI BERKOWITZ, BEACH’S ADVISOR students who have distinguished completing his themselves through the creativity of Ph.D. dissertation (and also in the Fall 2002 issue of their research and the impact of on “Magnetic Properties of CMRR Report). Since the publication of the Fall 2002 CMRR Research Reviews their publications. The selection of CoXFe100-X Metal/Native Oxide The nomination and endorsement CMRR Report, the Center has held two the recipient will be based upon the Multilayers.” In his research, Geoff of Geoff for this award noted that semi-annual Research Reviews. recommendation of a committee has pioneered a new, and very suc- Geoff has established an impressive consisting of CMRR faculty mem- cessful, approach to developing number of fruitful collaborations with Fall 2002 Research Review Summary bers, with input from selected multilayer thin films suitable for use scientists in academia, government CMRR hosted 45 persons from the CMRR Industrial Sponsor companies and other invited guests at the semi-annu- experts in information storage tech- in the design of recording heads and research labs, and industry, and cited al Research Review and Advisory Council meeting on November 20-21, 2002. The program followed the usual format nology. disks capable of operating at his creativity, initiative, dedication, of two days of talks highlighting the work of the CMRR faculty, researchers and graduate students as well as CMRR The first Schultz Prize was award- extremely high data transfer rates and enthusiasm for research. affiliated faculty members. Dr. Giora Tarnopolsky, President, TarnoTek, gave the Special Session presentation entitled ed jointly to Geoffrey Beach, a mem- and storage densities. Kai-Zhong Gao recently completed “Areal Density Growth: Is It the Manifest Destiny of the Hard Disk Drive?” Tours of the CMRR labs and private discus- In addition to their potential tech- the defense of his doctoral disserta- sions with students and researchers began at 4:30 p.m. The evening’s activities culminated with dinner at CMRR and nological value, these materials repre- tion, entitled “Optimization of Write the Advisory Council meeting at 7:30 p.m. sent an entirely new type of magnetic Heads and Media for Ultra High The meetings officially adjourned at 4:30 p.m., November 21, however several guests stayed for additional lab material, making their analysis a sub- Density and Data Rate Magnetic tours and private discussions. ject of basic scientific importance. To Recording”, and recently joined characterize these multilayer films, Seagate Technology in Bloomington, Spring 2003 Research Review Summary Geoff has very creatively utilized a Minnesota. Nine member organizations of the CMRR Industrial Sponsor companies, and other invited guests, were represent- wide range of measurement tech- In his research, Kai-Zhong used ed at the CMRR Spring Research Review, 20th Anniversary Celebration, and Advisory Council Meeting May 7 and 8. niques. In collaboration with Ami and micromagnetic analysis to investigate The Special Session entitled “CMRR –The First 20 Years and Beyond” featured talks by UCSD faculty and members of Prof. Sunil Sinha, he recently con- novel configurations of recording the data storage industry who were instrumental in the founding and development of the Center (see related ducted the first experiments on heads and magnetic media that article, CMRR Celebrates Twenty Years on page 1). Asterix, a unique new apparatus for address the grand challenge of CMRR Sponsor company employees may access the abstracts and graphs of the Research Review presentations on neutron diffraction and reflection at achieving storage densities of one the CMRR website in the Sponsor Resources section. LANSCE - the Los Alamos Neutron trillion bits of information in one The Fall 2003 Research Review is scheduled for November 12-13, 2003. If you have not received invitations to Science Center. These experiments square-inch of disk area. His creative previous Research Reviews, please contact Cheryl Hacker ([email protected] or 858-534-6563) to have your name were highlighted by the Los Alamos approach to the problem resulted in added to the invitation list. National Laboratory on their website continued on page 15 CMRR REPORT2 SUMMER • 2003 CMRR REPORT3 SUMMER • 2003 Distinguished Alumni Awards First Annual Shannon Memorial Lecture
n connection with the Center’s 20th Anniversary n Monday, May 5, UC theory of communication provided the Nets,” was presented by Toby Berger, Celebration, the CMRR Distinguished Alumnni San Diego inaugurated foundation for the development of Irwin and Joan Jacobs Professor of Award was established to recognize outstanding a new series of annual data storage and transmission systems Engineering, Electrical and Computer I graduates who have had notable impact upon the lectures named for that launched the information age Engineering, at Cornell University. science, engineering, and business of information storage Claude E. Shannon, Each year an outstanding informa- Prof. Berger was the 2002 Claude E. technology. On May 6, 2003, at the Anniversary Banquet, the Othe father of information theory. The tion theorist will be selected to pres- Shannon Award recipient, and is rec- first Distinguished Alumni Awards were presented to series was established through the ent the Shannon Memorial Lecture, ognized as a pioneer in the applica- Christopher Lacey and Kelly Knudson Fitzpatrick. endowment of a lectureship to com- on or about Shannon’s birthday (April tion of information-theoretic concepts memorate Shannon’s achievements 30). The series will be hosted at to living systems. The Shannon A graduate of Frank Talke’s group, that specializes in instru- and to recognize their vast impact CMRR by Prof. Jack K. Wolf, Jacobs Memorial Lecture was webcast live 2 Christopher Lacey received his Ph.D. mentation for the data stor- upon modern society. A bust of School electrical and computer engi- via the Cal-(IT) website at in 1992, with a dissertation entitled age industry. The company’s Shannon, situated in the CMRR neering professor and CMRR www.calit2.net, where an archived “The Head/Tape Interface.” During widely used products include lobby, bears a plaque with the follow- endowed chair. (Prof. Wolf received video of the lecture can be viewed on- his Ph.D. studies, Chris developed recording head testers, head- ing inscription: the 2001 Claude E. Shannon Award demand. novel experimental methods and medium space analyzers, and Claude Elwood Shannon from the IEEE Information Theory Support for the webcast, reception, numerical simulations to study the numerical simulation tools (1916-2001) Society.) and a dinner in honor of Prof. Berger interface between the recording head for flying-height analysis. Father of Information Theory The inaugural lecture, entitled was kindly provided by the San Diego 2 and the magnetic medium in tape The endorsing statements CHRIS LACEY (RIGHT), CMRR DISTINGUISHED ALUMNUS, RECEIVES CON- His formulation of the mathematical “Information Theory in Real Neural Division of Cal-(IT) . GRATULATIONS FROM HIS FORMER ADVISOR, PROFESSOR FRANK TALKE. storage devices. As a summer intern, for this award cited Chris’s he collaborated with Phase Metrics “striking” research in mechanics, using various error-control codes and on the extension of these techniques including his innovative experimen- equalization techniques. The essence to the setting of magnetic disk tal techniques. In fact, a search of of the idea is to ignore the code in ABSTRACT recording. the US Patent and Trademark the detector and then check whether After graduation, Christopher Office database uncovered 12 or not the detector produces a code Neural signaling in the human spike visits each of its 104 destina- inescapable conclusion that the founded Micro Physics, a company patents with Chris Lacey as inventor word from the code. If it does, the brain can be modeled as a time-dis- tions within the same time slot, so brain’s celebrated computing or co-inventor. detection process is complete. If it crete binary random field. The the brain delivers some 1015 binary prowess must stem in considerable Kelly Knudson does not, the detector is told that it nodes of this field’s graph are the digits (to their destinations) several measure from its topological con- Fitzpatrick received has made a mistake and a correction brain’s neurons, believed to num- hundred times per second. nectivity. her Ph.D. in 1994 process takes place to find the cor- ber circa 1011. The field’s time step Although the Internet perhaps also We discuss how to model neural from Jack Wolf’s rect code word. duration is 2.5 ms, which is the moves several hundred petabits regions responsible for sensory per- group, known at the When Kelly joined Quantum Gabor time width of a typical neu- during one second, it has many ception as time-discrete, finite-
time as “Codes R (now Maxtor) she extended this ral spike. Field random variable Bi,k relay nodes and therefore may memory channels with feedback. Us.” “post-processing” idea to so-called equals 1 if neuron i sends a spike deliver less information per second The input and output spaces of As part of her higher-order partial response equal- down its axon during time slot k to its destination than does a single these regions are binary vectors Ph.D. thesis, which ization. She was granted what proved and equals 0 otherwise. brain. Certainly, the Internet does that possess millions of compo- was entitled to be a very important patent on this A typical neuron in the brain has not compute and transmit to all nents. The channel’s latest output “Detection and invention, entitled “Reduced some 10,000 immediate neighbors intended destinations a new petabit vector, which serves also as the Error-Correction for Complexity EPR4 Post-Processor for from which it receives spike trains 2.5 ms later that depends intimately channel state, gets fed back to the Partial Response Sampled Data Detection.” This and another roughly 10,000 neigh- on the values assumed by the previ- channel input. We show that ener- Channels,” Kelly invention became the basis of the bors to whom it delivers its own ous one. Since the computing gy efficient information transmis- came up with the read-write channel technology incor- spike train. Despite these high in- power and especially the communi- sion across such neural regions nec- idea of using a sim- porated into Quantum’s product line, degrees and out-degrees, the con- cating power of an individual neu- essarily results in an output process plified algorithm for and it ultimately earned Kelly the nectivity matrix is extremely sparse, ron are relatively weak compared that is first-order Markovian, reliable detection of very prestigious “Quantum Inventor since the connection density is only to those of modern electronic com- though not necessarily homoge- KELLY KNUDSON FITZPATRICK IS CONGRATULATED ON RECEIVING THE CMRR data from magnetic of the Year Award”. circa 104/1011=10-7. Each neural puter logic elements, we reach the continued on page 16 DISTINGUISHED ALUMNI AWARD BY DIRECTOR PAUL SIEGEL (LEFT) AND FORMER ADVISOR, PROFESSOR JACK WOLF. recording channels
CMRR REPORT4 SUMMER • 2003 CMRR REPORT5 SUMMER • 2003 Research Highlights Lake Arrowhead Conference
MRR’s project on intelli- A paper on SMART by ECE graduate Intelligent storage features offer Intelligent storage system (“iStor”) he 22nd annual CMRR Washington University, proposed gent disk drive storage student researcher Joe Murray has benefits in storage system perform- features are enabled by changes in Interactive Workshop exotic semiconductor-based spin- systems (“iStor”) is spon- been accepted for presentation at the ance and to user application pro- internal drive technology and in com- on Information Storage tronic read sensors. Over three days, C sored by the Sloan 2003 International Conference on grams. A recent IEEE Spectrum article puter data access methodology. We T was held December 8 to terabit per square inch areal density Foundation Information Artificial Neural Networks. It com- by Dr. Gordon Hughes’ (“Wise Drives,” see extensions of object-based storage 11, 2002 at the UCLA Conference technology challenges in magnetic Storage Industry Center at UCSD. pares past CMRR SMART warning August 2002) points out that work on devices (OSD in the SCSI architecture) Center at Lake Arrowhead. The recording heads, read/write chan- Our initial project study was CMRR methods to pattern recognition sup- intelligent storage dates from the as a basis for storage systems and user Workshop motto for 22 years has nels, disc magnetics, and drive SMART, which developed disk drive port vector methods, to unsupervised 1980’s (such as the Teradata data pro- application programs to interface to been “Let no foil go unchal- mechanics were discussed. The failure warning methods allowing clustering, and to reverse arrange- cessing computer and Active Disks), iStor features. Current abstractions lenged.” This year, 23 technologists mechanics session was moderated four times higher warning accuracy ments statistical rank tests. The latter pushing data-centric computing such as storage virtualization miss debated “Heads, media and by CMRR Professor Frank Talke. A than current disk drive technology, at test looks for upward trends in drive downward in computer architecture, iStor opportunities because they use mechanics to reach terabit density session on non-magnetic alternative low false alarm rates (see “Improved internal error counts, by tracking the but rarely penetrating through the drives simply as block data storage in hard disk drives.” technologies covered the possibility disk drive failure warnings” IEEE number of times a new error count is computer-disk drive interface. CMRR devices. OSD allows abstraction of In the opening tutorial session on that recording physics limits might Trans. Reliability, vol. 51, p 350-7, higher than previous counts. currently has three active projects storage away from physical device Nano Storage, Stephen Chou, soon be reached. September 2002) based on the potential iStor features management, for virtualization and Princeton University, discussed listed in this IEEE Spectrum article. for real-time quality-of-service man- nanoimprinting lithography for 10 - Gordon Hughes, agement. This can allow tight control nm bits, and Stuart Solin, Workshop Chair of physical storage performance by data intensive user applications such as database programs. “Secure Erasure” Project A computer system has been con- WORKSHOP AGENDA: figured to experimentally test the disk drive secure erase “SE” intelligent fea- Sunday - December 8 CMRR’s storage systems project “need to know” or to prepare drives ATA” drives will be able to advertise ture that CMRR put into the standard Tutorial: Nano Storage on “secure erasure” of disk drive for new users or applications. SE as a user feature in their compe- drive computer interface specs, SCSI Speakers: Stephen Chou, Princeton University and data has just been renewed by the • A virus has been detected and tition with SCSI and fiber channel and ATA. We are developing a CMRR Stuart Solin, Washington University National Security Agency, with all possible traces of the offending drives for market share in low-end SE test protocol to verify that SE Gordon Hughes as Principal code must be eliminated. storage systems. deletes all user data from test drives, Monday - December 9 Investigator. This three-year The “secure erase” (SE) com- The new secure erase project is beyond the possibility of recovery. $150,000 project answers a signifi- mand is now part of the standard testing a CMRR protocol for evalu- A third iStor project has begun to Session I: Read sensors and channels cant data storage user need to reli- disk drive specifications (IDE/ATA ating the SE feature in individual study storage system performance Moderator: Dave Thompson, IBM retiree improvements by using the “time-to- ably eradicate data from computer and SCSI) at CMRR’s request. It is drive models to insure that erased Session II: Recording media hard drives for security and privacy a positive, easy-to-use data destroy data is not recoverable. data” feature from the Spectrum arti- Moderator: Dave Wachenschwanz, Komag reasons. The need for “secure era- command, amounting to “electronic Secure erasure capability will be cle. A computer simulation will deter- sure” arises when: data shredding.” It completely eras- required by the U.S. government for mine data access speedups made pos- • A user releases disks or they are es all possible user data areas by their disk drive purchases. sible by letting storage systems query Tuesday - December 10 removed from systems for mainte- overwriting. SE is a simple addition Considering the security feature this drives to find the quickest order to Session III: Mechanics access records in a multi-task user nance. to the existing “format drive” com- capability offers to many users we Moderator: Frank Talke, CMRR • Storage devices are re-config- mand currently present in computer expect there will be considerable request queue. An experimental proj- Session IV: Patterned media and non-magnetic recording alternatives ured for other uses or users, for operating systems and storage sys- commercial interest in this capabili- ect is in progress to study time-to- instance in expiring leased data stor- tems, and consequently adds little ty as well. data by using existing SCSI commands Moderator: Bruce Terris, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies age facilities at a storage service or no cost to drives. For additional information on the which return the head and disk physi- cal positions at any time. provider or data center. Secure erase is required by the secure erasure initiative, contact Wednesday - December 11 CMRR is also participating in a • A project is completed and the ATA specification, although it is Gordon Hughes Session V: Overflow and TMRC Review data must be purged to protect optional in SCSI. The new “serial
CMRR REPORT6 SUMMER • 2003 CMRR REPORT7 SUMMER • 2003 CMRR Information Center offers CMRR WELCOMES NEW AFFILIATED FACULTY resources on storage technology
Dr. Sungho Jin received his Ph.D. degree in materials science and engineer- any of you may not be Requests can be made ing from the University of California, Berkeley in 1974. After two years of aware that CMRR has an via telephone, fax, research at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, he joined Bell Laboratories at MInformation Center/ email, or via our Web Murray Hill, New Jersey in 1976. He carried out research at Bell Labs for 26 Library. Formed in October 1984, it site at years, first as a Member of Technical Staff, and later on as Technical provides a centralized location for http://cmrr.ucsd.edu/ Manager of the Applied Materials and Metallurgy Research Group. He information resources on storage icenter/. Please note joined University of California, San Diego in July, 2002 as a Professor of technology. The collection includes that while the search- Materials Science and Endowed Chair, and is currently serving as Director of books, journals, theses, technical able database of all UCSD’s Materials Science & Engineering Program where he is actively reports, standards and specifica- CMRR seminars, engaged in improving and expanding both materials education and materi- tions, and databases. While the Research Review pre- als research. As a part of such initiatives, five new courses dealing with elec- collection is open to any researcher sentations, and stu- tronic/magnetic/photonic materials, nanomaterials, biomaterials, MEMS, and for in-house consultation, more spe- dent theses is publicly inventions/patents have been added to the curriculum. cialized services are only available to accessible from our Dr. Jin’s research activities for the past two decades include many aspects of magnetism members of the sponsoring compa- Web site, a more full- and magnetic materials such as permanent magnets, semi-hard magnets, soft magnets, nies of CMRR. featured search includ- magnetic sensors, magnetic switching, CMR phenomenon and materials, magnetically tun- These services include: ing full abstracts and able devices, and flux pinning of superconductors. His research interests/programs at UCSD links to PowerPoint •Photocopies of journal articles related to magnetics include the design and study of new magnetic materials and devices, presentations and in particular, ultra-high-density magnetic recording media, transport and spin-related • Loan of books where available a link to a streaming video behavior of thin film magnetic materials, magnetic tuning of telecom-related devices, and • Loan or purchase of videotapes study of biomagnetism. The activities of his research group with six graduate students, two of the CMRR weekly seminar file is only available to members postdoctoral fellows and a research scientist also include R&D of nanomaterials, biomateri- series and the monthly lecture als and MEMS. series sponsored by the IEEE of CMRR sponsoring Magnetics Society. companies. An on-line ordering function is • Copies of theses, from CMRR also available to mem- as well as from other institu- bers of CMRR sponsor- Sunil Sinha is the LANSCE Professor in the Physics Department at UCSD, a joint tions ing companies via the The Information Center is open appointment with UCSD and Los Alamos National Laboratory. He has worked • Copies of patents password-protected Web page. You Monday to Friday: 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 as a Senior Scientist at Brookhaven National Laboratory, where he was Head can register to receive the password p.m. and closed Saturday and of the X-Ray Scattering Group and, prior to coming to UCSD, at Argonne •Copies of industry standards at the site. Sunday. Given our small staff we National Laboratory where he was Associate Director of the Experimental • Searches of commercial data- The holdings of the CMRR col- suggest a call to confirm that staff Facilities Division of the Advanced Photon Synchrotron Source. He was also a bases such as INSPEC, lection are listed in the UCSD are available to assist you, should Senior Research Associate at Exxon’s Corporate Research Laboratories in Chemical Abstracts, Libraries on-line catalog ROGER, you be planning to visit in person. Annandale, N.J. His interests lie in the use of X-Ray and Neutron Scattering to Compendex, World Patents publicly accessible at study the structure and dynamics of materials. Index, etc. These searches can http://roger.ucsd.edu/ After search- Staff: Prof. Sinha is collaborating with Prof. Ami Berkowitz’s group to study the be done as a one-time retro- ing by any of the available indexes – Dawn Talbot, 858 534 6213 magnetostriction and magnetic structure in magnetic nanoparticles. They plan spective search covering any author, title, keyword, subject, or Jan Neumann, 858 534 6199 to investigate by X-Ray diffraction at the Advanced Photon Source the “giant magnetostric- period of time from approxi- call number, you can restrict your Fax: 858 534 2720 tion” effect in nanoparticles of Terfenol. In addition, numerical simulations have indicated mately 1970 to date. A search results with the “Limit this Search” Email: [email protected] the existence of multisublattice antiferromagnetic structures in NiO nanoparticles, as profile can also be established function found at the bottom of the opposed to the conventional bulk 2-sublattice antiferromagnetic structure. Prof. Sinha and to track an area of interest and screen and then indicating “cmrr” in Prof. Berkowitz’s groups will use neutron diffraction at the Los Alamos neutron scattering the “Where Item is located” search results will be emailed on a facility to look for these novel structures. box, again located near the bottom monthly basis. Prof. Sinha’s awards and honors include the Ernest O. Lawrence Medal of USDOE (1996) of the screen. and the Arthur H. Compton Award (2000).
CMRR REPORT8 SUMMER • 2003 CMRR REPORT9 SUMMER • 2003 Recent Gifts, Grants, Recording.” The simulator, based Ph.D.’s Awarded upon a microtrack model of the Talke Receives recording process, should accurately Awards, and Internships represent the signal and noise char- Seagate acteristics expected in a perpendicu- lar recording system operating at Prof. Ami Berkowitz has received an ence magnetic spacing via interac- Kai-Zhong Gao, a member of Prof. Neal high areal density (> 300 Gb/in2 ). Information award from the Raytheon Company tions among the sputtered metal Bertram’s Magnetic Recording Physics and Results of micromagnetic modeling entitled “Magnetic Meta-Materials tape layer, protective overcoat, lubri- will provide guidance for incorpora- Micromagnetics group since 1997, received his for RF and Power Electronics.” The cants, and the critical reading and Technology tion of various recording effects, Ph. D. in Physics in November 2002. His thesis, project covers the development of writing elements in the recording such as nonlinear transition shift, “Optimization of Write Heads and Media for FeCo/insulator meta-materials using head. The goal of these studies will cross-track pulse shape variations, Award Ultra High Density and Data Rate Magnetic the spark erosion process. A design be to identify the important interac- track curvature, DC noise, and partial of experiments will then be per- tions and exploit this knowledge to Recording,” focused on perpendicular erasure. Spinstand measurements formed to identify the most promis- reduce pole tip recession, assist in recording systems. will be used to validate the model. ing FeCo/insulator material. the selection of potential lubricants, Kai-Zhong’s research interests are primarily in The simulator output is intended to Additional work may then be per- and identify any incompatibilities serve as the input to a “software magnetic recording physics, especially focused formed to optimize the material that may affect long-term system channel” and will be made available on perpendicular recording systems, including: characteristics. These powders will be reliability. to participants in the EHDR Signal 1) large scale three dimensional micromagnetic simulations in both used in the preparation of magnetic The Information Storage Industry Processing team, permitting per- magnetic recording head and media, 2) perpendicular recording head pastes. The targeted operating fre- Consortium (INSIC) has recently formance comparisons of various quency range for these materials is design and optimization, 3) tilted and conventional perpendicular funded four new CMRR projects coding, equalization, and detection 30 MHz to 100 MHz. recording analysis, and 4) dynamic gyro-magnetic switching time and under the Extremely High Density techniques. switching field limits study. Lawrence Livermore National Recording (EHDR) Program. Prof. Paul Siegel has also received Laboratory has awarded a supple- A recent paper, co-authored by Prof. Bertram and Dr. Gao published in Prof. Neal Bertram will direct a project funding for a project on “Error ment to Prof. Ami Berkowitz’s Multi Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transaction on on “Intercoupled Experimental and Control Coding for Terabit per Professor Frank E. Talke University Research Initiative Magnetics, proposed and analyzed a tilted perpendicular system and Theoretical Studies of Perpendicular Square Inch Recording.” The “Terfenol and Ni Particles Produced of CMRR and Professor David B. compared it to conventional perpendicular recording. This new record- Recording.” The research involves research effort will examine algo- by Spark Erosion.” The current proj- Bogy, UC Berkeley, were recent- the development of an efficient rithms and architectures for iterative ing scheme is believed to be an alternative approach for ultra high ect is a collaboration with UCLA and technique to determine the recorded soft-decision decoding of Reed- ly awarded the Annual Seagate density magnetic recording with areal density beyond 1 Tbit/in2. LLNL in an investigation of the mag- transition parameter and cross track Solomon codes on partial response Information Technology Award. Currently Kai-Zhong is a Senior Development Engineer at Seagate, netostrictive properties of compos- transition correlation length. Both channels. In particular, new methods This award, jointly sponsored by ites in which Terfenol particles pre- Bloomington, working on a variety of issues, including perpendicular these parameters are critical in the for generating soft outputs from pared by the spark erosion method the Tribology Division of the recording analysis. typically jitter dominated SNR. soft-decision Reed-Solomon decoders are disposed in a polymer matrix. American Society of Mechanical Knowledge of each one can give will be evaluated. Applications to The supplement, which extends the Engineers (ASME) and Seagate direction to media development, in high-rate parity-sharing code archi- project through September 2003, particular the roles of distributions tectures will also be addressed. Technology, LLC was being allows the investigation of the opti- and intergranular interactions. A awarded for the first time. In Henry Pfister joined Professor Paul Siegel’s mization of magnetostrictive proper- Finally, Prof. Frank Talke will investi- previous method utilized the transi- research group in 1998 and was awarded his ties of the composites by determin- gate “The Optimization of Textured annoucing the award in tion noise spectrum, but for perpen- ing the influence of size, shape, crys- Sliders.” October 2002, Harvey P. Nixon Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering in March 2003. dicular media a time analysis of the tallinity, texture, alignment, and vol- ASME Chair, Tribology Division His research focused on information theory and noise is utilized. One thousand tran- CMRR’s storage systems project on ume fraction on these properties. It error-correcting codes, and resulted in the dis- sitions in a medium density square “Secure Erasure” of disk drive data and Mark Kryder, Senior Vice is important for this study to know if wave pattern are sampled with has just been renewed by the President and Director of sertation entitled, “On the Capacity of Finite the magnetostrictive properties of about 400 sample points per transi- National Security Agency, with Dr. Research for Seagate cited the State Channels and the Analysis of Convo- the particles are the same as those of tion. The correlation function, after Gordon Hughes as Principal lutional Accumulate-m Codes”. The applications the bulk material, and, if they are substantial, life long contribu- DC noise removal, is analyzed in Investigator. This three-year project of this research include new techniques in the not the same, how they differ. tions Talke and Bogy have made terms of eigenmodes. The first two addresses a significant need of many signal processing area of magnetic storage. data storage users, namely, the need to the advancement of tribolo- Dr. Fred Spada, CMRR Associate dominant modes give the transition After completing his Ph.D., he spent the month Research Scientist, will be participat- characteristics independent of the to reliably eradicate data from com- gy of magnetic storage devices. of April wandering around Australia and New Zealand. In May, he ing in the recently announced Multi- geometry, such as medium spacing. puter hard drives for security and Terabyte Tape System, a NIST/ATP privacy reasons. (For more details, started work in Corporate Research and Development at Qualcomm, Profs. Paul Siegel, Jack Wolf, and Neal Program managed by Imation and see the related article in the Inc. in San Diego. Bertram will collaborate on the Peregrine Recording Technology. Research Highlights section on development of an “Improved Data Dr. Spada’s research will focus on page 6.) Stream Simulator for Perpendicular electrochemical issues that can influ-
CMRR REPORT10 SUMMER • 2003 CMRR REPORT11 SUMMER • 2003 CMRR WELCOMES NEW RESEARCHERS
Jan Jose joined Prof. Frank Talke’s group in September 2002 for a one-year exchange Marcia Levitt Recognized for program under the Max Planck Research Awards for International Cooperation. During the previous four years, Jan studied Electrical Engineering at the University of Rostock 15 Years of Service at UCSD with special emphasis on applied microelectronics. Following his visiting appointment at CMRR, Jan will return to the University of Rostock to write his diploma thesis. Jan has three primary objectives during his stay in the United States: 1) to write another thesis, arcia Levitt celebrated In September which is needed to finish his studies in Germany, 2) to get to know the American way of 15 years of service at 1994, Marcia life, and 3) to improve his English. the University of joined CMRR as M California, San Diego assistant to Profs. in November 2002. Ami Berkowitz Maik Duwensee is not really new to CMRR. He was a visiting graduate student in Prof. Marcia began working at UCSD’s and Frank Talke, Frank Talke’s group during the academic year 1999/2000. After his year at UCSD he County Medical Health Services at and very quickly returned to Germany to finish his Diploma Degree at the University of Rostock. He the UCSD Medical Center in became a key graduated in June 2001. His final thesis dealt with “Active Sway Motion Damping for an November 1987 before transferring member of the PROFESSORS AMI BERKOWITZ (LEFT) AND FRANK TALKE CONGRATULATE Underconstrained Cable Manipulator”. Following graduation, Maik became a Research MARCIA LEVITT FOR 15 YEARS OF SERVICE AT UCSD. to the Center for Molecular CMRR family. Assistant at the Institute for Drive Mechanics and Mechatronics at Rostock University Research on the La Jolla campus. for one year. He worked on a simulation program dealing with the dynamics of cars with air-spring-dampers. Maik re-joined the Talke group as a Ph.D. student last November. Besides work Maik enjoys doing any kind of outdoor activities; his favorites include whitewater kayaking, surfing and snowboarding. He also likes to travel and often combines kayaking and traveling. He has been kayaking in Wales, Ireland, France, Austria, Czech Republic, Morocco, Germany and California (and there are still plenty of places to visit). Although far away from home, he remains a member Graduate Students & Researchers Near Completion of the local kayak club Kanuklub Buetzow 1952 e.V., and tries to stay in contact as much as possible.
STUDENT LEVEL ADVISOR DEPT RESEARCH INTEREST COMPLETION DATE Dagmar Goll will spend 2003 as a visiting post-doc working with both Profs. Neal Bertram and Ami Berkowitz. Dr. Goll is sponsored on a fellowship from the DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service), a central agency of the institutions of higher edu- Geoff Beach Ph.D. Berkowitz Physics Properties and behaviors of nano- June 2003 structured materials with applications cation in the Federal Republic of Germany which organizes international academic in magnetic recording exchange programs. Scholarship recipients are chosen in a national competition by a selection committee made up of prominent German professors in their respective disci- plines. Dr. Goll received her Ph.D. from the Max Planck Institute for Metals Research Xiaobin Wang Ph.D. Bertram Physics Thermal reversal of recording media June 2003 (Stuttgart, Germany) in December 2001, and continued there as a postdoctoral research assistant for one year working with Prof. G. Schuetz. Her research interests include permanent magnets, Eric Jayson Ph.D. Talke MAE Head/disk interface tribology June 2003 ferromagnetic small particles, nanostructures and thin films, micromagnetism (analytical, numerical, finite elements) and electron microscopy. Besides her research, Dagmar enjoys playing the piano, walking, biking, Lin Zhou Vstg Asst Talke CMRR Head/disk interface tribology Summer 2003 swimming, reading and gardening. Proj Sci
Ralf Brunner became a research assistant in Prof. Talke’s Group in March 2003, and Ramakrishna Akella Ph.D. Wolf ECE Detection Fall 2003 wants to do research using his background in technical physics. He is a German graduate student from the Technical University of Ilmenau. Following his studies, he had intern- ships at several companies and institutions to get experience for his career. He worked at Vladimir Dorfman Ph.D. Wolf ECE Signal processing Summer 2003 EOS – Electro Optical – Systems in Munich/Germany with laser – sintering machines and CO2-Lasers. Last year he was working for the Federal Institute for Materials Brian Kurkoski Ph.D. Wolf/Siegel ECE Coding December 2003 Research and Testing in Berlin/Germany in the Tribology Group of Prof. Santner, where he was involved with finishing the project of developing an UHV-Tribometer by testing, John Miller Ph.D. Wolf ECE Coding June 2003 re-building and putting it into operation. It was there that he met Prof. Talke who invited Ralf to work with him in his labs at CMRR. During his one-year stay at CMRR, he will write his diploma thesis to finish his degree in Germany. During his free time, Ralf likes to play badminton and the guitar.
CMRR REPORT12 SUMMER • 2003 CMRR REPORT13 SUMMER • 2003 CMRR Celebrates Twenty Years continued from page 1
related article on page 4 about these from UCSD and the data storage Prof. Shelly Schultz (CMRR The lobby featured several newly which comprises three posters, each and Kai-Zhong Gao, a member of Distinguished Alumni.) industry who provided personal his- Director, Emeritus) installed exhibits highlighting the 6-feet tall and 3-feet wide, is now Prof. Neal Bertram’s Magnetic The evening’s festivities concluded torical reflections as well as future “Data Storage and Societal Future - founding of the Center, the technical permanently mounted in the CMRR Recording Physics and Micromag- with dinner and entertainment speculations: Can We Plan Effectively?” contributions of our faculty and stu- lobby. netics group. Each winner was pre- provided by RONDO, a four-piece dents, and the remarkable technologi- Following the reception, guests sented with a framed certificate and a Professor M. Lea Rudee (founding Dr. A. Currie Munce (VP for chamber group led by cellist, cal achievements of the data storage strolled through campus to the $1,000 cash prize. (See Schultz Prize Dean of Engineering at UCSD) Research at Hitachi Global Storage Galina Oshay. industry. Two very article on page 2 for “UCSD and CMRR - At the Technologies) Finally, on Wednesday, May 7, dur- interesting display more details.) Beginning” “The Next 20 Years of Digital Storage” ing the first day of the Spring cases were designed The celebratory events confirmed the important role Following the pres- Research Review, there was a Special Dr. James U. Lemke (UCSD Revelle All in all, the celebratory events and put together by entation of the that members of the CMRR “family” have played, and Session celebrating the past and Medal recipient, credited with con- confirmed the important role that CMRR librarians Schultz Prize, the anticipating the future of the Center ceiving and guiding the establish- members of the CMRR “family” have Dawn Talbot and Jan newly established continue to play, in the advancement of information and, more generally, of information ment of CMRR) played, and continue to play, in the Neumann. One con- Distinguished Alumni storage technology. The Special “CMRR - A Retrospective” advancement of information storage tained correspon- storage technology and its applications. Award was Session, entitled “CMRR –The First technology and its applications. dence, memoranda, announced. The Dr. Denis Mee (IBM Fellow 20 Years and Beyond,” was organized CMRR gratefully acknowledges architectural blue- award is to be pre- Emeritus) and hosted by CMRR Director Paul QUALCOMM Incorporated, LSI prints, and photos pertaining to the UCSD Faculty Club for the 20th sented on an occasional basis to a “1983-A Pivotal Year in Magnetic 2 Siegel. It featured a program of talks Logic, and Cal-(IT) for their gener- establishment and construction of Anniversary Awards Program and CMRR alumnus/a whose contribu- Recording” by several distinguished speakers ous support of the CMRR 20th the Center. The second paid tribute Banquet. Welcoming remarks were tions to the scientific, engineering, or Anniversary Celebration. to the exceptional group of student given by CMRR Director Paul Siegel business of information storage tech- researchers who have earned their and UCSD Vice Chancellor for nology have been particularly note- “Schultz Prize” graduate degrees at CMRR over the Research and Dean of Graduate worthy. Again, there were two inaugu- continued from page 2 past 20 years. It included the bound Studies Richard E. Attiyeh. Prof. ral recipients of the award - two exceptionally innovative ideas: a University in 1960, and an M.E. diagnostic labels. Ph.D. dissertations of the first Siegel then described the establish- Christopher Lacey (Ph.D. 1992, Prof. novel tapered-pole write-head and a degree from Stevens Institute of CMRR Ph.D. recipient (Cathy ment of the Sheldon Schultz Prize for Frank Talke - faculty advisor) and recording technique based upon Technology in 1954. He came to How to Contribute French, Wolf group) and of the most Excellence in Graduate Student Kelly Knudson Fitzpatrick (Ph.D. “tilted perpendicular” recording UC San Diego in 1960, (when it CMRR’s goal is to endow the recent (Henry Pfister, Siegel group), Research, named in honor of former 1994, Prof. Jack K. Wolf - faculty media. was still called UCLJ!) as part of the Prize so that it can be awarded as well as a selection of theses from CMRR Director Shelly advisor). The recipients were present- Kai-Zhong’s analysis and simula- first group that founded the physics annually and in perpetuity. If you the other faculty research groups. Schultz (Research Professor of ed with framed certificates. (See the tion studies indicate that these department, and helped initiate the are interested in making a donation The titles and dates of all of the other Physics). He techniques have the potential to planning for what was to become of any amount to the Schultz Prize, CMRR dissertations (on chips color- went on to intro- overcome several problems that the current UCSD campus. He you will help move us closer to the coded according to CMRR faculty duce Prof. presently impede the attainment of became active with CMRR at its endowment target of $50,000. research groups) were spread Schultz, who densities in excess of 200 billion earliest stages in 1982 serving on Checks should be made payable to throughout the display case. Dawn gave a brief bits per square inch, and his work the initial planning, search, and “UC San Diego Foundation” with a and Jan also produced a binder of speech accepting has stimulated great interest in the building advisory committees. He notation on the check or a brief thesis titles and abstracts that traced the Prize in his data storage industry. initiated a research program at cover letter designating the contri- the fascinating chronology of all grad- name. Prof. The statements endorsing Kai- CMRR devoted to providing a quan- bution for the “Schultz Prize.” Your uate degrees completed at CMRR. Siegel then Zhong’s nomination for this prize titative experimental set of data to donation is 100% tax-deductible, (Copies of the binder were provided announced the cited his deep understanding of fully characterize the micromagnet- and an official acknowledgement of to attendees of the event and are still first Schultz magnetic recording, his talent for ics and hysteresis in thin films and your contribution will be provided available from the CMRR Prize was being research, and his influential sub-micron particles with an to you. All correspondence pertain- Information Center upon request.) jointly awarded publications that together set a emphasis on new experimental tech- ing to the Prize can be directed to: Also on display was a colorful and to Geoffrey standard for evaluation of novel niques and advanced instrumenta- informative exhibit, generously donat- Beach, a member recording systems. tion. His most recent research activ- Prof. Paul H. Siegel, Director ities are devoted to Negative Index CMRR, 0401 ed by CMRR sponsor Hitachi Global of Prof. Ami Biography of Storage Technologies, highlighting Berkowitz’s of Refraction (also called left-hand- UC San Diego key developments in the history of Magnetic Sheldon Schultz ed) Metamaterials, Photonic Band 9500 Gilman Drive magnetic recording technology from Materials and Sheldon (Shelly) Schultz earned Gap structures, and plasmon reso- La Jolla, CA 92093-0401 CMRR DIRECTOR EMERITUS SHELLY SCHULTZ (CENTER), WIFE CAROL AND SON DAVID the fifties to the present. This exhibit, Devices group, CELEBRATE CMRR’S 20TH ANNIVERSARY. his Ph.D. in physics from Columbia nant nanoparticles for bio/medical
CMRR REPORT14 SUMMER • 2003 CMRR REPORT15 SUMMER • 2003 Shannon Memorial Lecture Abstract continued from page 5 CORPORATE &
Center for Magnetic Recording Research Reeporppoorrtt neous. Likewise, the joint (input, out- GOVERNMENT SPONSORS put) is first-order Markov, though the Director: Agere Systems input process is not necessarily Paul H. Siegel Markov. Cal-(IT)2 How the brain goes about assuring Newsletter Editor: Department of Defense/NSA Cheryl Hacker that the sensory information that gets conveyed within and among its Hitachi Global Storage Contributors: application-specific neural regions is Technologies Ami Berkowitz the information that is most perti- Hitachi, Ltd. (Central Research Neal Bertram nent to the tasks that need to be Laboratory) Ralf Brunner addressed is only vaguely understood Maik Duwensee at present. We suggest an approach Hitachi-Maxell, Ltd. Kai-zhong Gao to energy-efficient joint source-chan- Cheryl Hacker IAP Research, Inc. nel neural coding of sensory informa- Gordon Hughes IBM Corporation Sungho Jin tion based on extensions of concepts Henry Pfister from multiterminal information theo- Imation Corporation Paul H. Siegel ry coupled with ideas from recursive Sunil Sinha estimation theory. Information Storage Industry Fred Spada Consortium (INSIC) Dawn Talbot Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Design & Layout: Sirious Design Maxtor Corporation National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) National Science Foundation (NSF) Quantum Corporation Raytheon Company Seagate Technology Sloan Foundation Western Digital Corporation
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