Rural Romania National Rural Development Network

ISSUE 15 Year II, January 2015

VIOREL MORĂRESCU The medicinal herb sector is not currently being exploited, although it has an enormous potential in the field HARVESTING HERBAL MEDICINAL PRODUCTS SIMION FLORIAN we are extremely proud that people have begun to rediscover plafar Lavender culture – the purple hue on the aromatic herb market in Romania Andrei Barbu – from computers, to aromatic herb cultures

ROOTS OF AN EUROPEAN COUNTRY

Ministerul Agriculturii și Dezvoltării Rurale Rural Romania – no. 15

REGIONAL OFFICES Support Unit for the National Network of Rural Development

BRĂILA No. 282 Independenței Blvd., 1st Floor, postal code 810124, [email protected] Tel.: 0339 732 009, Fax: 0339 732 016

CRAIOVA No. 19 Libertății Str., postal code 200421, [email protected] Tel.: 0251 460 377, Fax: 0251 423 651

ZALĂU No. 49 Kossuth Lajos Str., postal code 450010, [email protected] Tel.: 0360 404 056, Fax: 0360 404 158

TÂRGU MUREȘ No. 60 Mihai Eminescu Str., postal code 540331, [email protected] Tel.: 0365 430 349, Fax: 0365 430 351

IAȘI Ciric Recreation Area – Ciric Recreation Complex, postal code 700064, [email protected] Tel.: 0332 881 281, Fax: 0332 881 282

TIMIȘOARA No. 53 Take Ionescu Blvd., 2nd Floor, Office 26, postal code 300074, [email protected] Tel.: 0356 460 982, Fax: 0356 460 983

TÂRGOVIȘTE No. 7A Vărzaru Armașu Str., postal code 130169, [email protected] Tel.: 0345 100 605, Fax: 0345 100 025

BUCHAREST No. 39-41 Nicolae Filipescu Str., 6th Floor, 2nd District, postal code 020961, [email protected] Tel.: 0316 900 214, Fax: 0316 900 215

The text of this publication is for information purposes only and is not legally binding. Additional information on MARD and NSU may be accessed on the Internet: www.rndr.ro NSU, Publications Department, January 2015 ISSN 2393 – 123X ISSN-L 2393 – 123X © NRDN, 2015

The reproduction of texts in this publication is authorized provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Romania.

Copyright photos: Cristian-Alexandru Catană, Monica Anghelovici, MARD, LAG Valea Muntelui, LAG Colinele Buzăului, Research Station – Vâlcea Development for Fruit-growing, Romanian Peasant Museum, www.fao.org, www.grune.de. Table of contents

EDITORIAL...... 3

INTERVIEW Viorel Morărescu: The medicinal herb sector is currently insufficiently exploited, although it has an enormous potential in the field...... 4

RURAL DEVELOPMENT A Romania of medicinal and aromatic herbs...... 8 Lavender cultures – the purple hue on the aromatic herb market in Romania...... 12 Harvesting medicinal herbs...... 14 Essential oils, an attractive business providing beauty and relaxation...... 18 Calendar – Festivals at the dawn of a new year...... 20 Simion Florian: We are extremely proud that people have begun to rediscover Plafar...... 22 Andrei Barbu - from computers to aromatic herb cultures...... 26

PEOPLE Lăcrămioara Ionescu, popular artisan of Argeș – lavender bags, hand sewn with Muscel artistry...... 28

EXPERIENCES My farm: Victorița Meiroșu has started a ”perfumed” lavender growing business in Dâmbovița...... 30 My business: „Casa Matei” Guest House in Berca – hospitality and refinement on the Buzău River shore...... 32 My community:Capitalization upon medicinal and aromatic herbs harvested from non-polluted areas in Transylvania...... 36

UP-TO-DATE LEADER Valea Muntelui LAG...... 40 Colinele Buzăului LAG...... 42

News and Events News...... 44 Gathering of Local Action Group representatives and MARD & AFIR officials in Sinaia...... 46

NRDN members introduce themselves...... 50

1 Rural Romania – no. 15

2 Editorial

Growing medicinal and aromatic herbs, a profitable endeavor

Medicinal and aromatic herbs have been used since Antiquity, being rec- ognized for their seemingly miracu- lous properties. Due to their game- ness in curing or mending diseases, we’ve chosen to introduce the read- ers of this issue to the producers and processors of medicinal herbs such as Hofigal, Dacia Plant and Fares. And since we’ve mentioned lavender, restaurants so as to ingrain a special We haven’t forgotten about Plafar, a due to its intense, medicinally potent a special touch to their dishes. The company which reigned supreme in and stress relieving perfume, this is- owners of the „Casa Matei” guest this field before 1989. An interview sue will teach us the form in which it house in Berca share recipes from with Simion Florian, director of Pla- may be showcased so as to sweeten the area’s specific gastronomy which far, introduces us to information on entails the use of aromatic herbs. the evolution of society and on the our homes, from the very artisan of novelties brought by the company to Argeș, fondly sewing her lavender The pages of this issue provide in- the medicinal herb product market. bags. Moreover, we will make a foray sight on the manner in which the through the lavender cultures in our We will learn about the support harvesting of medicinal and aromat- country. granted to this field through NRDP ic herbs represents a solution to ser- (National Program for Rural Devel- With regards to aromatic herbs, vices such as recreation, team build- opment) from Mr. Viorel Morărescu, due to their medicinal and culinary ing and retreats within guest houses general manager of the General Di- traits, many of them are intensely in the rural areas. rectorate for Food Industry within sought after on the Romanian Mar- Aside from the pleasant universe of MARD. ket. The largest cultures in our coun- medicinal and aromatic herbs, we The therapeutic use range of medic- try are basil, rosemary, sage, mint, will also learn that 2015 was declared inal herbs is extremely diverse. For bay and marjoram. This issue will by the United Nations Food and Agri- instance, mint and lavender may be tell the story of a young man who set culture Organization (FAO) – as the consumed as tea, but it may also be aside his career in IT and started an International Year of Soils. used as tinctures, macerated oily aromatic and medicinal herb culture extracts or volatile oils, used in the in Valea Măcrișului. cosmetic industry. The success of a Viviana Vasile, Team Leader of medicinal herb based care oil, cream Due to the very flavored and fra- the project entitled „Establishment and product business will be pre- grant taste of certain herbs, some of and Support of the National Rural sented in the following pages. them are used in the recipes of many Development Network”

3 Rural Romania – no. 15

interview

Viorel Morărescu, general manager of the General Directorate for Food Industry within MARD „The medicinal herb sector is insufficiently exploited at the moment, although it’s potential in the field is enormous.”

According to the informa- chamomile, artichoke, allheal, lesser away, celandine, yellow gential, St. tion held by MARD, how many periwinkle, marigold). John’s wort, plantain, allheal, lesser breeds of medicinal and aro- periwinkle). Approximately 24 species taken matic plants grow in our coun- from the spontaneous flora have Another 10 species of medicinal try? been introduced into culture, rela- herbs not present in the spontaneous Viorel Morărescu: Following a se- tively easily “domesticated”, due to flora were acclimatized to the grow- lection and amelioration performed their remarkable ecologic flexibility; ing conditions in our country (wooly by the Fundulea Research Station, 29 in terms of active principle content foxglove-Digitalis lanata; Echinacea homologated breeds were recorded (even local breeds) valuable popu- purpurea; yellow hornpoppy – in 2002 (coriander, tarragon, fennel, lations were identified in various Glaucium flavum; bitter gourd - lavender, mint, basil, thyme, poppy, geographical basins in the country Momordica charantia, winter savory wooly foxglove, foxglove, chicory, (yarrow, angelica, mandrake, car- – Satureja montana and others).

4 Does Romania have traditional animal extract vitamins and min- encountered during SNPMAPS attested products based on erals. (National Service for Medicinal medicinal and aromatic herbs? and Aromatic Herbs and for Hive In your view, is this sector suf- How many are there? Products) surveillance and control ficiently exploited (both by pro- (through the Technical Committee Viorel Morărescu: There is an ex- ducers as well as by state insti- whose presidency is ensured by tended tradition of using medicinal tutions)? What should be done the General Directorate of Food and aromatic herbs by the inhabi- to improve the situation? Industry), dietary supplement mar- tants of this realm. For many centu- Viorel Morărescu: The medicinal ket surveillance and control, re- ries, monasteries were genuine labo- herb sector is insufficiently exploit- search-development, obtaining cer- ratories for remedies. ed at the moment; although it has tified seed etc. During the 1980-1990, the pharma- an enormous potential in the field, Romania has lost its leading posi- ceutical industry and the cosmetics tion as medicinal herb exporter and What are the support mecha- industry in Romania included sec- processor (during the 1980-1990 it nism for producers of medici- tions for processing medicinal herbs counted among the top five European nal and aromatic herbs? Which for obtaining “natural medicine” exporting states and in the top seven lines of financing and subsidies from plants (Antibiotice Iași, for ex- processors). A correlation between are available? ample) or body care products (Miraj, the agricultural and industrial ac- which used essential oils extracted tivity is no longer present in terms of Viorel Morărescu: NRDP 2014- by SCPMA Fundulea and even for products: lacking in large consumers 2020 stipulates financial measures, such as measure 6 – sub-measure the production of perfumes, not only of medicinal and aromatic herbs, the 6.3. “Support for developing small agricultural areas have diminished. creams and shampoos). famrs”, nonrefundable public sup- Local sources of certified seed are port amounting up to 15,000 EUR, Currently, the market features two absent. Agricultural Certification categories of attested products: for one agricultural enterprise for a Stations have been dissolved or are period of maximum five years. In two • traditional medicine from medic- facing financial difficulties, germ- installments (80%-20%). Another plasm sources are limited, and col- inal herbs, which probably amount measure is measure 11 “Green agri- lections of medicinal herbs are in- to tens of thousands of products culture”, sub-measure 11.1. “Support creasingly harder to maintain. The (in 2012, over 700 such tradition- for the conversion to green agricul- growing of medicinal herbs is diffi- tural methods, through payments al medicines were recorded in the cult and requires specific knowledge for conversion”, granted in 100% EU); and agricultural equipment, similar proportion; payments for maintain- • dietary supplements containing to vegetable growing. ing green agricultural practices. medicinal and aromatic herbs as is MARD may get involved in sever- There is also package 5 „Medicinal or as vegetal extracts, stand alone al fields: regulation, arbitration of and aromatic herbs” within sub-mea- or combined with hive products, scientific and technical problems sure 11.1.

5 Rural Romania – no. 15

Are there foreign investors in During the 2005-2007 period, Does Romania export medici- Romania focused on something Romania could not ensure medic- nal/aromatic herbs or does the like that? Have the Romanian inal herb cultures and many pro- demand come primarily from authorities made an objective ducers were disappointed (they the internal market? Is there a out of attracting such investors? had concluded agreements with foreign market where Romania the processors, but were refused could be competitive? Viorel Morărescu: One Italian upon goods delivery because said investment of reference was made economic agents had purchased Viorel Morărescu: Only PLAFAR in the field of aromatic herb grow- the same goods from import or (crop plants), and to a an ever de- ing, in Bihor (Agriro Fresh). They from other companies at a lower creasing extent ROMSILVA (spe- produce and deliver to retail chains price). cies of spontaneous flora) engage in (supermarket) greenhouse cultures export, yet the volume of exported consisting of fresh sprouts/leaves of Nevertheless, large companies in goods is diminished by approxi- aromatic herbs in plastic containers, Romania have recorded a posi- mately 10 times (reaching hundreds used for the flavoring and decorating tive trend of developing their own of tons) compared to the reference of food, drinks, ice cream (sage, mint, farms and producing the raw ma- years 80’s and 90’s (when thousands rosemary, oregano, thyme etc.). terial in controlled conditions. of tons were exported).

6 There is interest in the EU, with Germany representing the primary importer (Martin Bauer company). While Romania is known as an exporter, the recent demand implies green material, freshly fro- zen plants, large quantities of tens of tons/breed, EU quality and standards – conditions increasingly difficult to meet, for objective reasons.

The Ministry has been trying to promote the idea of associative structures for small Romanian produces for some time. What is the situation in terms of medicinal herbs – how many such structures are there and what are the advantages? Viorel Morărescu: The association is met with reluctance, with many suspicions regarding plant exploitation (and the manner of sharing the profit), and there are fewer persons interested in agriculture which are capable of handling land cultivation (aged popu- lace, young people enticed by the city and the alternative of working abroad, which remains an attractive option). Of course, there are many benefits. I’ve visited a green cooperative in Switzerland (Crans-Montana area), comprising of small farmers (holding between 0.5 and 5ha/person), who supplied raw material for a candy and natural juice (Ricola) and who were extremely pleased. They had a car park and a common drier, a crop schedule ensured for five years, while those holding smaller plots were assigned breeds Considering the cold season Dietary supplements are also useful sold for a higher price (edelweiss, in sustaining our immune system for example), the company manage- we are facing, what medicinal/ ment, marketing and contracting aromatic herbs should be pres- (Echinacea, propolis, vitamin C), were done by an economist (em- ent in every Romanian house? natural juices (currants, sea buckthorn, rosehip) and syrups (plantain, ployee, member of the cooperative), What are their advantages? while the investments for irriga- fir nuts). tions, greenhouse for seedlings and Viorel Morărescu: During the solar panels were partially borne cold season, when we are exposed to by the factory, through projects, the common cold, it is recommend- What herbs does your favorite as co-financer. The projects were ed that we all have herbal teas at beverage include? conducted by a mountain research facility, located close by, which pro- hand (elderberry, lime, thyme, basil, Viorel Morărescu: Lime, chamo- posed practical applications for the chamomile) to be served warm, with mile and mint, sweetened with hon- plots of cooperative members. lemon and sweetened with honey. ey, in larger quantities in the winter.

7 Rural Romania – no. 15

rural development

A Romania of medicinal and aromatic herb products

Our country has a long standing tradition in terms of preparing naturist products, as well as soils which facilitate cultures of medicinal and aromatic herbs. And when talking about the natural products on the local market, three names spring to the mind of every Romanian: Fares, Hofigal and Dacia Plant. The campaign of Hofigal Export Import S.A. was initiated in 1990 and quickly advanced on the Roma- nian market as one of the main sup- pliers of natural products. Hofigal produces and sells a wide range of medicinal and aromatic herbs, medicine, dietary supplements, cosmetics and active pharmaceutical substances, as tablets (plain or covered), capsules with solid/liquid content (covered or plain), external and internal use solutions, multi and monodoses, ovules, suppositories, creams and gels. Hofigal focuses on medicinal and aromatic herbs obtained from their own green cultures. Year after year, the company recorded a steady evolution, both in terms of technologiz- ing production flows and physical and chemical analysis laboratories with modern and skilled staff, as well as in terms of productivity growth and diversifying the product range. All Hofigal products meet the GMP requirements (Good Manufactur- ing Practice), and the physical and chemical quality control laboratories meet the requirements provided by the European Pharmacopoeia and other international pharmacopoeias. The Hofigal team is represented by young specialists with a solid knowledge package, as well as by people with experience in the pharmaceutical, medical, chemical and biological and engineering fields. These profitable collaborations had an essential role in the company’s development, leading to new, original products, created according to own techniques, patented in the country and reward- ed during international fairs. After three of its products produced in 1990 were awarded prizes, Ho-

8 figal had climbed to 500 by 2010. ment methods contributing to the The company’s representatives take This increase was supported by the stimulation of the organism’s own pride in the fact that their products construction, in 2001, of a modern recovery and self-healing strengths, are among the safest and most effi- factory equipped with state of the art thus avoiding adverse reactions. The cient naturist remedies on the Ro- facilities. specialists at the center boast their manian market. efforts to treat “the ailing person and In 2003, Hofigal inaugurated the not the illness”. The company was founded in 2002 “Alexandra” Natural Therapy Center and rose from a very small invest- in Breaza, Prahova county, and three Another local producer of natural ment – 100 EUR. This amount was years later launched the HOFIMED remedies is Dacia Plant, which for borrowed by two colleagues at the Medical Center in the capital. 11 years has been making products Forestry Factulty from their parents. based on medicinal and aromatic The money was invested in Red Rob- This clinic used diagnosis and treat- herbs. in and hogweed, and shortly thereaf-

9 Rural Romania – no. 15

ter their natural food began to grow. 250 dietary supplements, 100% nat- of teas created with the collaboration Initially, it was based on tinctures ural, from plants untreated and un- with Acad. MD Ovidiu Bujor, the fa- and remedy herbs (teas). processed chemically, without col- ther of Romanian phytotherapy and oring agents, preservatives, flavors of a range of teas for children. After four years, the company’s or artificial sweeteners, according to own cultures appeared. Dacia Plant In 2013, Dacia Plant launched a new or old recipes from the Roma- grows over 30 species of medicinal range of tablets in blister format, nian tradition. and aromatic herbs, on four ecolog- part of which bore the signature of ically certified hectares, being the One year later, Dacia Plant engaged Prof. Pharm. MD Ursula Stănescu, only Romanian producer certified in partnerships with pharmaceutical member of the Academy for Medical in terms of medicinal and aromatic product distributors and pharmacy Sciences. herb green breeding. chain, online sales and the creation Dacia Plant products are currently of a call center, as well as the im- In 2007, they launched their first distributed in over 3000 naturist plementation of a high performance line of tablets, and the department stores and pharmacies around the management system (ERP). In 2012, currently supplies 60 products, both country and features the biggest the company issued its first clinical for the national market, as well as for concentration of active substance study, for Interferonat, and the team the foreign one. per tablet. was present in major national cities, 2010 marked the inauguration in where it informed over 3500 doctors The Fares company was founded Bod, near Brașov, of a modern facto- and pharmacists on the benefits of more than eight decades ago, in 1929. ry, built to the GMP standard, where Dacia Plant products. 2012 was also Yet, its name is connected to Dacian over 150 employees produce almost marked by the launch of a new range traditions and the foundation, in

10 Orăștie, of the first pharmacy, ”La Leul de Aur”, recorded in 1697. Two centuries later, the small pharmacy was destined to change, along with Andrei Farago, the pharmacist who favored working with popular wisdom in the name of science. He founded the ”Digitalis” company in 1929, the First Romanian Company for growing medicinal herbs”, which today beares the name of Fares. Teas, syrups and essential oils were produced in a rigorous manner. under the guidance of Farago, being subject to driers, chopping and selection machines. During that period, Fares used the first line of extracting essential oils in Romania. During the inter-war period, the success of the company extended beyond the borders of the countries, and the essential mint oil was considered to match those produced in Germa- ny or the United Kingdom, while the leaves cultivated were deemed a Romanian National Threshold. The company’s commercial ties extended throughout Europe and even the United States. In 1934, Andrei Fara- go was awarded the royal distinction First Class Commercial and Indus- trial Merit. In the communist period, the company was included forcefully in the Plafar state structure, while approximately 70% of its revenue came from the Orăștie branch. After the fall of the communist re- gime, the Fares private company arose, one of the most important in the tea and medicinal herb remedy market. Fares currently sells over 350 products as capsules, teas, natural mixes, creams and gels, ovules and suppositories, soluble products and powders, syrups, tonic substances and tinctures, and also oils. According to company representatives, the success of Fares is not ran- dom, and the fact that their activity takes place near Sarmisegetuza is a mark of the green and Romanian identity of the company.

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Lavender cultures the purple hue on the aromatic herb market in Romania The lavender history begins from the age of Phoenicians, Egyptians and Arabs who used this herb either as perfume, or for mummification en- deavors (mummies were wrapped in garments imbued with lavender oil). Subsequently, lavender became one of the most frequently used herbs for aromatic purposes, especially during the Roman Empire, with the lavender Roman baths being famous at the time. Hence the origin of the word “lavandula” from the Latin word “lavare” which means washing. Lavender was among the first herbs brought by the European colonists to the American soil.

Scent of “Profit” In terms of lavender culture in Roma- nia, such stems from recent events. It is said that the first Lavandin bushes were found in the gardens around Bu- charest, having Bulgarian origin. From one year to the next, the lavender culture ever consolidates its profitability. Lavender flowers are im- mediately processed after harvesting. From one hectare of lavender culture, one may obtain a minimum of one ton of lowers. Dry lavender flowers are exploited at a price between 10 and 20 EUR/kg. A simple calculation results in a revenue of at least 15,000 EUR/ hectares. Extremely few cultures in Romania prove such a profitability.

What you need to know about lavender cultures: • If you are inexperienced in the field, it is recommended that you start with a small area, so as to grow into the cultivation procedures; • It is recommended that saplings are planted on a declivitous land.

12 ly done manually, by reaping, in June; • Lavender will only reach maturity by the third year; • Purchase prices for lavender oil start from 70 EUR/liter. One hectare of lavender may yield 100 liters of oil; • The Gesagard 50 (in doses of 8 – 10 kg/ha) herbicide is homologated for Romania. It may be applied for the months of October and No- vember or at the end of February, before the plant turns green.

Volatile lavender oil – the most convenient way to exploit a culture In order to obtain an optimum quality for lavender oil, the flowers must be harvested during full blossom, when their ester content is the high- est. Lavender oil is a complex com- pound incorporating over 150 active constituents. The oil is rich in esters Volatile lavender oil may The soil must not be moshed, as (aromatic molecules with sooth- be obtained by distilling floods represent the primary risk ing and stimulating antispasmodic the inflorescences of lav- of lavender cultures; properties), botanic constituents ender, using the following • It is essential that the soil has a pH with an antiinflammatory, antiviral methods: with values between 6.5 and 7.5; and antibacterial role. • Steam distillation: the raw • Saplings are planted in march, or material is set in a dry caul- October-November; dron. Through special instal- • Lavender saplings will be embed- lations, steam is produced In what fields can the lav- ded at a distance of 50 cm from outside the cauldron, and is ender production be ex- one another, respectively 100 cm then introduced under the ploited? raw material in the cauldron. between the rows; • Distillation with steam and • It is recommended that you invest • naturist pharmaceutical compa- water: water is added to the in a proper irrigation system (with nies; cauldron and under the raw a drop feeder), especially during • tea producers; material. Thus, steam initially the first year, when the plant is passes through the water and growing. Another frequent alter- • food industry; native for cultures in Romania is then through the raw matter • perfume and distillery industry; where they take over the vol- watering between the rows from a atile oil; tractor/machine with an exterior • cosmetic and beauty product com- water tank; • Distillation in water: the raw panies; matter is completely covered • Plantations located in high average • beekeeping; with water. Heating may be daily temperatures (above 20 de- • persons/companies interested in applied by direct flame or to grees Celsius) will experience early the steam. maturing; the purchase of saplings; • Lavender harvesting is usual- • landscaping decoration companie.

13 Rural Romania – no. 15

Harvesting medicinal herbs, from theory to practice „Live natural” – special program promoted by guest houses

Traditional medicine ing local medicinal herbs is observed. in Romania, regardless of landform, approximately 750 have medicinal must not be ignored. 75% In recent years, Romania has active- properties, and can be exploited for ly participated with specialists in the - 80% of the world popula- this purpose. tion is treated in a naturist study and processing of medicinal Among such plants, 200 are har- manner herbs for the conclusion of scientific studies and programs of the United vested and exploited in the Plafar According to the information provid- Nations Organization for Industrial network. In order to avoid imports, ed by the World Health Organization, Development on the Asian and Afri- approximately 70 breeds of acclima- 75% - 80% of the world population can markets. tized medicinal herbs are grown in benefits from a naturist care. Thus, the country. one may observe the importance of In Romania, the spontaneous flora integrating traditional and natural In Romania, traditional and cultures ensure a yearly yield of medicine into modern medicine. medicine is insufficiently about 10,000 tons of medicinal herbs. Both on the European Union market, exploited These are used both as raw matter for as well as across the ocean, an ever the medicine factories, as well as for increasing preoccupation for the de- From a total of approximately 3600 pharmacies and naturist stores, in the velopment and promotion of the na- breeds of higher plants which spon- medicinal tea industry and in order to tional medicine industry by exploit- taneously grow in uncultivated areas exploit the foreign markets.

14 These figures only show a small part of the still unexploited potential in terms of medicinal herbs. Thus, due of a lack of awareness, information and education, and even due to a lack of interest, many medicinal herbs and cultures remain unexploited. One must take advantage from the ever increasing number of persons preoccupied by European projects regarding investments in the medicinal herb industry in Romania. These projects ensure the continuity of exploiting medical resources obtained from the Romanian flora. We must not forget that this is a pleasant ac- tool; Mesteceni” guest house, tivity, meant to bring man closer to • Nuts are mainly harvested in the Sălicea, Cluj nature and interact with it. early spring months (sometimes Such an eco-touristic program is in February, along with the begin- promoted by the „La Mesteceni” ning of sap circulation). Nuts are guest house, in Sălicea, Cluj county. „Live natural” – touris- harvested manually, when they The area included is Sălicea-Ciuri- are sufficiently developed bust still tic program increasingly la-Vălișoara-Băișoara. The program closed; being promoted in rural takes the shale of a nature circuit for guest houses • Bark is harvested along with the purpose of acknowledging and the beginning of sap circulation harvesting medicinal herbs grown Romania boasts guest houses which through the plant, in the spring on various eco-touristic paths in the diversify their offer of tourist pro- months. Given such conditions, the Apuseni mountainous area. For four grams by introducing the invitation bark is easily detached. Usually, days, the participants will be accom- to participate in the organized pro- bark is harvested from plants with panied by a local guide and a phyto- cess of harvesting medicinal herbs. the minimum age of three years. therapist. His role will be to teach the The touristic package is ideal for fam- Harvesting is done with the help of tourists how to harvest, process and ilies with children, groups of pupils a sharp object (knife, clasp knife); use the herbs as naturist remedies. (organized road trips, camps) and • Flowers are harvested both during even for team-buildings. Day 1- Accommodation and dinner at efflorescence and during blossom. „La Mesteceni”. The tourists will be The groups interested will be intro- The specialists accompanying the organized into teams and participate duced, in advance, through a brief tourists will choose an optimum in discussions to schedule the follow- training by a specialist in the field, harvesting depending on the con- ing dame of the 4 day trip. which implies the presentation of centration of the plant active prin- medicinal herb breeds, their bene- ciples; Day 2- After breakfast, tourists pre- fits and the harvesting and process- • Leaf harvesting is recommended pare for the start of the vegetation ing methods. The training may also only when withered, during sunny and medicinal herb recognition and take the form of a presentation held days. acknowledgement program in the in a conference room of an accommo- Sălicea-Ciurila area. Lunch will be dation unit or using the study maps • Fruits are picked when ripe, in the served on the road, while resting in provided to participants. late autumn months, before hoar- the heart of nature. During the trip, frost, when they are considered to tourists will meet and pick the fol- Types of medicinal herb organs which be mature; may be harvested: lowing types of plants: • Seed is harvested when fully • Blueberry - Vaccinum Myrtillus • Roots, stools, rhizomes, bulbs and grown, upon reaching the specific (leaves-fruit) – curative proper- tubers are harvested before the shape and color. growing season, especially in the ties for diabetes, urinary diseases, early spring months, respective- cystitis. Harvesting is carried out during the June – October period; ly late autumn, at the end of the „Live natural – knowing growing process. The harvesting • Arnica - Arnica Montana (flowers) process implies pulling the roots the spontaneous flora” – – curative properties for leucor- from the soil, using either the plant the eco-touristic program rhea, acne, skin problems. Optimal stem, or a hoe, draw hoe or another also promoted by the „La harvesting is carried out from June

15 Rural Romania – no. 15

Then, they travel to a new plant area. For breakfast, tourists will be served tea made from the plants harvested during the previous day and will try spontaneous flora spices. During the third day trip, tourists will harvest: • Lady’s mantle - Alchemilla Vulgaris (plant) – hemostatic, anti-inflam- matory, treatment recommended for wounds. Optimum harvesting is carried out during the May – September period; • Wolf’s-foot clubmoss - Lycopodi- um Clavatum (plant) – anti-alco- hol, anti-tobacco, treatment recommended for cirrhosis. Optimum harvesting is carried out during the June – November; • Juniper - Juniperus Commu- nis (fruit) - depurative, antitoxic, treatment recommended for acne. Optimum harvesting is carried out during the September – November period; • Restharrow - Onosis Spinosa (flowers) - depurative, analgesic, treatment recommended for various allergies. Optimum harvesting is carried out during the June – Sep- tember period; • Speedwell - Veronica Officinalis (plant) – treatment recommended to September; • Horse-heal - Inula Helenium (root) for skin diseases, healing, recom- • Fir - Abies Alba (resin, nuts) – cu- – used for treating dermatitis and mended for memory. Optimum rative properties for dermatitis, for efficient hair growth. Optimum harvesting is carried out during wounds, renal diseases. Optimum harvesting is carried out during the June – September; the August – November period; harvesting is carried out during • Autumn crocus - Colchicum Au- the April – November period; • Lady’s thumb - Polygonum Persi- tumnale (seed) – curative proper- • Cranberry -Vaccinum Vitis Idaea caria (plant) – recommended for ties for: cancer, rheumatism. Op- (fruit) – excellent diuretic, used for reducing perspiration, anti-inflam- timum harvesting is carried out eye disease. Optimum harvesting matory for wounds. Optimum har- during the June – October period; is carried out during the May – Au- vesting is carried out during the In the evening, the tourists will re- gust period; June – September; turn for accommodation and dinner • St. John’s Wort - Hypericum Perfo- • Common agrimony - Agrimonia at the guest house in Sălicea. Eupatoria (plant) – curative prop- ratum (flowers) – antibiotic, cura- Day 4 – Tourists will serve breakfast, erties for TBC and bleeding. Op- tive properties for hepatic diseases. hold discussions and share impres- timum harvesting is carried out Optimum harvesting is carried out sions from previous days and head during the June – October; during the June – September peri- towards a new area, to harvest herbs od; Before sunset, the tourists will return and mushrooms. for accommodation, full of medicinal • Common centaury - Erytraea herbs and healthy (accommodation • Purple Lenten rose - Helleborus Cen-taurium (plant) – curative and dinner „La Mesteceni”). Purpurascens (root) – treatment properties for skin and stomach recommended for infectious dis- diseases. Optimum harvesting is Day 3- The tourists will serve break- eases, cancer, heart disease. Op- carried out during the July – Sep- fast, participate in the debate and pre- timum harvesting is carried out tember period; sentation of a few local treatments. during the April – August period;

16 • Mistletoe - Viscum Album (plant) „This touristic program implies low normotensive and cartiotonic, difficulty trips. Combining business treatment recommended to pre- with pleasure, free time will be as- vent cancer. Optimum harvesting signed to healthiness in nature. The is carried out during the February program the ideal option to spend an extended weekend or a few va- – August; The first experimental sta- cation days with family or friends. tion in the world, specialized • Mushrooms in the spontaneous Tourists will be permanently assist- in the harvesting and study flora used to prepare a traditional ed by students from the IMAPA and meal for the tourists.. of medicinal herbs, was foun- IMIT sections within the University ded in Cluj in 1904. It basi- The evening ends with accommo- of Agronomic Science and Veteri- cally represents the beginning dation at the „La Mesteceni” guest nary Medicine, Cluj. They will reveal of experimental and scientific house. Participants will receive par- information on the plants harvest- research in the field of medici- ticipation diplomas and small packed, the manner of preservation, the nal and aromatic herbs in our ages with the harvested plants. remedies for which they are used country. in naturist medicine, as well as the *Note: the plants mentioned are iden- products obtained. I recommend this tified in each area depending on the program as a diet based on healty period of the year when booking is tourism!”, stated Ioana Oprea –„La made. Mesteceni” guest house.

17 Rural Romania – no. 15

Essential oils, an attractive business providing beauty and relaxation

Since Antiquity, the history of us- with chemical products resulted in Various parts of the plant, such as ing essential oils is closely con- therapeutic remedies whose results roots, leaves, flowers, seed, resins nected to that of medicinal herbs. led to the development of modern and bark may be distilled. The first peoples to capitalize on medicine. As a direct consequence, the benefits of aromatherapy by the consumption of pure essential using essential oils were the Chi- oils decreased. nese, Egyptians and Indians. By Andreea Sipoș – from burning incense, the Chinese created a harmonious and tranquil passion to the beginning atmosphere. A few years later, the of a business with home- Egyptians built a distillery which What are essential oils? made naturist essential allowed the extraction of raw cedar oil. They also began using medici- Essential oils are actually aromat- oil-based products nal and aromatic herbs, for their ic volatile substances produced by curative properties, for cosmetic plants, which may be extracted in Andreea Sipoș is a young woman and medicinal purposes, but also liquid form. Although the name oil from Bacău, aged 28, with a passion for naturist medicine, especially the for embalming Pharos. The Per- may generate confusion, pure essen- one based on using essential oils. All sians and Indians created, in turn, tial oils leave no trace, unlike vege- she needed was one spark to turn a machines for distilling oil, provid- table oils. The entire acquisition and ing the stepping stone for a genuine simple passion into a small business, extraction process for essential oils culture encountered today in the so the young woman from Bacău Asian countries. Later, on the Eu- is extremely costly, thus justifying founded her LLP where she sells na- ropean continent, the separation of the high market prices of pure es- turist medicine products, made by essential oil compounds led to the sential oils. For example, approxi- her hand through the purchase and occurrence of synthetic chemicals mately 35 kilograms of plants are combination of essential oils. The and medicine. The combination needed in order to obtain one liter oils are provided by authorites dis- of ingredients from essential oils of essential oil. tributors in the country. Going by

18 from the Internet and participated in an ayurvedic medicine and pan- chakarma therapy course in India” says Andreea.

The Bacau based used equipped her house with an area specially de- signed to work with her products. Body oils and hair treatments don’t require a lot of time, as they are cold prepared. However, soaps, body butter and lip balms are hot prepared. She also handles the packaging and Internet marketing part for selling her products. In the future, Andreea wants to invest in a specialized lab- oratory.

„Asian countries, especially India and China, use the benefits of essential oils and have all these therapies rooted in their culture. For them, it’s a lifestyle and a very healthy one at that. Unfortunately, we haven’t developed a culture connected to the use of these therapies, although the use of essential oils provides a significant aid to the immune system, as well as to embellishment and relaxation. In Romania, such things are rather regarded as caprices”, concluded Andreea Sipoș.

Did you know that… the name of Maruna Handmade, An- Andreea prefers to purchase high dreea’s product range includes hair quality essential oils from a dis- • …chamomile oil is a great treatments, massage oils, refirming tributor in Oradea. These products analgesic, it reduces fever already come with a data sheet as- serums, lip balm, body butter and and cures insomnia? exfoliating, antiseptic and hydrating sociated with each product, signifi- soaps. cantly reducing Andreea’s job, yet • …thyme oil added to sham- also significantly reducing costs. In Romania, an efficiency analysis for poo gives hair a glossy look? „For me, everything began three a product costs 800 EUR, added to • …basil oil cures exhaustion years ago as an obsession to take the rest of necessary analyses and care of my hair by using various certifications, which also amount to and stress and may be used masks and hair oils. Thus, I began about 600-700 EUR. for migraines? to purchase essential oils and study the best ways to combine them. The „Many producers in Romania en- • …lavender oil may be effi- gage in this field motivated by their results were quite fitting, so little cient in soothing newborn by little I began making them for passion. When they hit the walls friends, who in turn recommended erected by the legislation and espe- babies? It may be used as an my products to others. “Jaanam – cially by the costs, a lot of them give odorant in the baby’s room; food for your hair” is the name of the up. In my case, the initial investment starts with 20,000 EUR for all first hair treatment made and which • …rose oil, one of the most the Maruna products. The fact that expensive essential oils, is a I sell today. It is one of the most fre- I work with essential oils featuring quently purchased products, being all proper analyses does not imply wrinkle remedy, helping to based on essential rosemary and a finality to my product. Combining invigorate the complexion sage oils, vegetable hemp oil and these oils and components requires other natural components”, says An- a lot of patience and carefulness. and smooth the skin? dreea. During these years, I’ve learned a lot

19 Rural Romania – no. 15

Calendar - Festivals at the dawn of a new year

The beginning of the year brings award ceremony. ing lot of the Cora hypermarket in forth a series of events specific for Cluj-Napoca. In Romanian folklore, the winder the cold season, some of the related customs also feature the star, the to winter traditions and customs, goat traditional dance, mask dances, others marking the debut of the 2015 the plow, the Wishing Carol and oth- January 2015 – The „D’ale por- beekeeping fairs. The winter fairs er carols. While some are specific to cului” Festival, Oradea, Bihor represent a good opportunity to fea- the Christmas holiday or take place county ture the ancient rituals and tradi- on New Year, others last till Epiph- tions deeply rooted in the culture of The festival focuses on promoting any, such as the star, an old ritual the Romanian people. popular traditions from Bihor. The present in the culture of almost all festival features a pork traditional Christian peoples and which recalls cooking contest which includes teams the star which heralded the birth of from 22 communes (Aușeu, Borș, January 2, 2015 – The Festival Christ and which guided the three Căbești, Diosig, Girișu de Criș, Ineu of New Year Customs and Tra- wise men. de Criș, Mădăras, Nojorid, Oșorhei, ditions, Târgu Neamț, Neamț Pomezeu, Popești, Răbăgani, Săcuie- county ni, Sânnicolau Român, Sânmartin, The third edition of the Festival of 3 – 31 January, 2015 – Winter Tileagd, Tinca, Toboliu, Tulca, Vadu New Year Customs and Traditions Fair, Cluj Napoca, Cluj county Crișului, Valea lui Mihai și Vârcio- is organize by the „Ion Creangă” civ- rog). Each competing team prepares „The house winter fair” is a gastro- ic hall, along with the City Hall of pork almsgiving, sausages, liverwurst nomic and traditional fair which Târgu Neamț and is carried out in and greaves, dishes served to the par- marks the beginning of the year. The the „Adormirea Maicii Domnului” ticipants, along with a homemade event is attended by national food Square in Târgu Neamț. The festival twice-distilled plum brandy. The con- and non-food producers and also by includes a parade of the participating test begins at eight in the morning, craftsmen. bands, which display the most beau- starting with the traditional plum tiful winter custom their area and an The event takes place in the park- brandy tasting, followed by the tradi-

20 tional pig preparing and searing. The day ends with a festive dinner and an award ceremony. The location is ERA Shopping Park Oradea. The event also has an international meaning, through the participation, as guests, of two teams from Hun- gary, which represent the county of Békés and the city of Derecske which host similar events each year.

14 - 18 January, 2015, Expo Na- poca 2015, Cluj Napoca, Cluj county The international recreational dove, household poultry and small animal expo takes place at Expo Transil- vania in Cluj Napoca, during the 14 – 18 January 2015 period. The exhib- it will showcase and reward doves, household poultry and furry animals brought in by breeders around the country.

23 January – 17 February, Snow Festival, Bran, Brașov county This year’s “Snow Festival” will en- tice ski lovers and more, on the very slope at Zănoaga, Bran. The festival includes ski contests for amateurs. After the slope competitions come to a halt, the people in attendance may participate in various pop-rock concerts, as well as folklore music shows.

24 - 25 January, 2015, Beekeep- ing Fair, Târgu Mureș, Mureș count The first edition fo theBeekeeping Fair in Târgu Mureș takes place on the premises of the Multifunction- al Hall, located in „Matei Corvin” Square. The honey and beekeeping products, naturist cosmetics, sweets, beekeeping equipment and machines brought from all over the country and from abroad will be showscased in the first edition of the Beekeeping Fair in Târgu Mureș.

21 Rural Romania – no. 15

Simion Florian, general manager of the PLAFAR National Company „We are extremely proud that people have begun to rediscover Plafar. We’ve been making profit for the past two years and, for four years, we’re placed fifth in terms of Romanian notorious brands.”

22 Tell us about the history of Plafar. What were the deci- sive moments throughout the course of time? Simion Florian: Plafar was founded in 1948. It was structured within the Consumption Cooperative which handled the purchase of medicinal herbs. In 1955, a greater entity was set up, the factory in Orăștie (the Digitalis company), where this activity of processing medicinal herbs began to develop. In 1975, the Plafar trust was founded. They began set- ting up autonomous enterprises in Cluj, Timișoara, Brașov, Craiova, Roman, Brăila and Botoșani, and export was done through the trst. In 1990, the trust was dissolved and the Plafar Autonomous Administration was founded, and in 1999, the Plafar National Company was set up with nine subsidiaries in the country. Each of them handled four counties. Approximately half of them carried out their activity in cultures, while the other half in spontaneous flora, Romania being one of the richest countries in Europe in terms of spontaneous flora. In 1997 we were hit by the crisis. The colleagues specialized in cultures had large areas of coriander, mustard and fennel. The Asian market was one of the big buyers. 6-7,000 tons/years were sold at the time to Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. In 1997, the crisis hit Asia and coriander prices were reduced by half. The production costs in Romania, given the increase in fuel prices, were increasingly higher, and so began the decline. The problems started then. Before becoming a general In 2000, I came to Bucharest, and Huge debts were recorded in the bud- manager, you’ve managed the was assigned the position of branch get, so a distraint was imposed until Cluj subsidiary. How long have manager in Cluj, subject to a com- 2009, when we went into insolvency. you worked there for and how petition, a position I occupied un- There was no point in keeping all the did you end up working in the til 2012. Two years ago, I went to Bucharest because the Cluj branch people and entities so that we could field of medicinal herbs? all go down, so we sold all subsidiar- was deemed to be the best, it had the ies, aside from the one in Cluj. Simion Florian: I was employed potential to do so, and the official by the Plafar in Cluj after I graduat- receiver suggested that I take over Almost 500,000 Euros were invested from College. I didn’t have a job, Plafar. Since then, Plafar has contin- ed in Cluj. In 2012, the insolvency I was an economist and there were uously recorded a profit. proceedings were ceased and we re- no economist jobs, so I became an corded a profit during 2013 and 2014. registrar. Then I worked in bargain For four years we’re placed fifth in sales for five years, which helped me The Cluj factory is actually terms of notorious Romanian brands, understand the workings of sales. known as the most longeval and according to a media study. We also Subsequently, I became an account- efficient Plafar work points. underwent a rebranding process. We ing controller (five years), and in What made it so special? take great pride in the fact that people 1989 I was appointed chief accoun- have begun to recall Plafar again. tant subject to a competition. Simion Florian: The longevi-

23 Rural Romania – no. 15

ty of the Plafar in Cluj is based on and exploiting our products can Lastly, we have a range of 32 herb the fact that it was specialized in only be done through modern retail and fruit syrups, of which 25 are medicinal herb acquisition. We and naturist stores. We are present just herbal or fruity, without fla- knew the plant area very well, we in the large supermarket and hy- vors. knew the spontaneous flora, we permarket chains in Romania, such organized collection points in all as Real, Auchan, Cora, Kaufland, These are also classified into two communes in the area, as well as Carrefour etc. categories, pleasure and medicinal. a very good collaboration with the environmental agencies, with the Biological Research Institute and What product range does How do you get the medicinal the Romanian Academy branch in Plafar currently feature? herbs used in the products? Do Cluj, which facilitated the process you also import them? of obtaining accreditations. Simion Florian: We have an very diversified range of products. Simion Florian: First of all, we Moreover, we were specialized in We produce six major categories have our areas in Cluj, but now, we the production of teas. We collect- of tea: traditional tea (horsetail, are harvesting hers from across ed the herbs, process them and linden flowers, nettle etc.) which the country – the spontaneous flo- then exploit the products. We didn’t amount to about 90. We produce ra are mainly harvested from the focus on the cultures. We special- simple dose teas (chamomile, mint, Brașov, Satu Mare, Oradea areas. I ized in the spontaneous flora and I St. John’s Wort etc.) which are must also mention the areas where think that was the best choice. more affordable. Then we have the there is a culture for picking me- Premium fruit teas, which are also dicinal herbs, where the people are a mix of natural products, but each trained, knowledgeable. One must Plafar had to face several hard- bag is encased in a separate enve- also underline the fact that some ships during the past decade. lope. herbs may be easily confused with What is the current situation others – the burdock and butter- We also have a range of balance in terms of distribution? bur, for example. This is the reason teas, the so called “good shape”, why it is better to choose people Simion Florian: We no longer daily diet, black tea with roses and who know the herbs very well, and have our own stores, as they were others. We have fruit teas – berries, who are locals, for harvesting transferred to Centrofarm back on blueberries, black currants, apple 1998. We work with them and pro- and cinnamon etc. We also produce We also bring in herbs from abroad, vide teas. However, we are the num- a variety of black teas – with anise, from the Republic of Moldova, ber one tea producer in Romania mint, cinnamon or rose. Hungary, Egypt etc.

24 What are the products most tional multivitamin products. we may very well break into this sec- sought after by Plafar clients? tor. We also want to develop a bio pro- In the summer, people opt for refresh- duction line ant to access European ing teas: green tea, mint tea and rose- Simion Florian: There are various funds for high performance equip- hip and vitamin teas. Cherry and cur- categories: in the winter, the most ment. Also talking about European frequently sold are syrups used as rant are most frequently sold during the warm season. funding, we would like to purchase a adjuvants in the treatment of illness- new drier. It is a step we have to take in es such as flu, catarrh, coughing and order to maintain quality. One thing sinusitis. Fir nuts and pine nuts, mint that matters a lot to us is promoting tea, linden tea, elderberry or St John’s What are Plafar’s priorities in our products in the touristic market: Wort are also consumed in winter. St the future? restaurants, hotels, guest houses. John’s Wort is also good for hepatic Then, we would like our teas to also illnesses, helping those who eat a lot Simion Florian: We want to access be consumed by CFR and Tarom pas- during the holidays. European funds. We intend to develop an ice tea line and we haven’t giv- sengers. These are our future plans The apple and cinnamon tea is also en up yet. But it is very hardtop catch and we must take things one step at a very good. Echinacea is a frequently up to the big players on the market. time towards that purpose and show used immune-stimulator, while sea- However, take into consideration the people that you can also find quality buckthorn and propolis are excep- fact that we have a line of syrups, and products in Romania.

25 Rural Romania – no. 15

Andrei Barbu - from computers to aromatic herb cultures

IT which you gave up to follow a dream, may see surreal. That is the story of young Andrei Barbu, who purchased a 16 ha piece of green- field in Bărăgan, in Valea Măcrișu- lui locality, Ialomița county with the purpose of growing medicinal and aromatic herbs, a calling which his father, a geologist, had been practicing for a few years in Dâm- bovița, believing in the existence of this type of niche in Romania. He began with an area of only 2000 sqm of basil, lavender, tarragon, mint, benedicta, hyssop, rosemary, marjoram, artichoke and thyme, these being only a few of the medicinal and aromatic herbs grown by the young farmer on his small research station, in breeding plots which were subsequently moved n the Bărăgan plateau. He built a drying hall, using wooden planks, not plastic foil, as done in- dustrially, so as to keep the leaves and flowers alive. He initially pur- The growing of medicinal and ar- „Medicinal herbs must chased the seed from the research omatic herbs represents an ever have a smell, a test and a stations founded before 1989, but profitable activity if we consider therapeutic effect” also from abroad, the supply in the the multitude of naturist product country being limited. stores appearing each year. Roma- nians have begun to perceive their Even if 2009, when he began farm- benefits and to focus not only on Farming since you were born ing, was difficult (because he actu- the consumption of herbal teas and may seem normal. Beginning to ally lived in a wooden shed), during pharmaceutical products, but also farm after a successful career in the following years, things began on the use of cosmetics or various dietary supplements. Certainly, Romania’s natural potential is pretty high, medicinal flora. More and more private companies, added recently to individual agricultural producers have begun to grant a special importance to this sector, engaging either in the cultivation of medicinal herbs or even in the processing and exploitation thereof. The cultivation of medicinal herbs might represent the technology of the future for those who hold ar- able land, being a profitable business.

26 about green agriculture and to walk the same path, of healthy, quality products, fed with natural fertilizer. Aside from European nonrefundable funds, awarded for the development of small agricultural business, for the growing of vegetables, Andrei made investments in mod- ernizing the exploitation process, with the money obtained by growing medicinal and aromatic herbs. Thus, he purchased a tractor, machinery, solars and irrigation systems, as well as a logistics base for delivery (from a cold room, pack- to clear up and the business started although he currently he is looking areas, to delivery vehicles). to take shape. Basil, lavender, mint ing into large scale distribution. and sage provide the best yields. Andrei focused on e-commerce, Along with the growing of potatoes From one hectare of cheese cake, which seems like the right place to and sugar beets, medicinal herbs for example, one may provide a market green products, partnering represent the essential elements of yield of no more than 15,000 EUR, up with another former IT gradu- a sustainable agriculture, Andrei but success is founded on a lot of ate, and finally involving his entire work. The success of the business Barbu growing them without pes- family. also depends on finding an effi- ticides and chemical fertilizer, as cient system to exploit the produc- The young man began to learn things were done in the past. tion. After harvesting, he packed the herbs and sold them either in traditional fairs, or in the HoReCa network, which he came to know quite well. He gained experience by first working with his father. He inoculated his love for agriculture. At first, it was mostly about physical labor, from working the hoe to driving nails. When you start from scratch, you do it alone, however, the young man subsequently managed to del- egate tasks until he ended up only handling the entrepreneurship, activity which he manages very well. Although he nurtured the thought of possibly leaving to work abroad, in IT, Andrei chose to stay in Ro- mania because people are warm and kind here. Country life is beau- tiful, but Andrei Barbu never fully gave up his city life, where he dis- tributes his products. Initially, a Computer Science grad- uate at the Ploytechnic, he used his own funds to start growing those aromatic herbs which are not very sought after in Romania. It was followed by the green growing of vegetables for the end consumer, thus eliminating mediators,

27 Rural Romania – no. 15

PEOPLE

Lăcrămioara Ionescu, popular artisan of Argeș – lavender bags, sewn with Muscel artistry

Lavender, also known as lesser lav- The purple flower herb is used in the near icons. ender, and popularly as “purple pharmaceutical and cosmetics in- Learning about these special proper- gold”, is an aromatic medicinal herb dustry, as the flowers may be used ties of lavender, Lăcrămioara Iones- of Mediterranean origin, which in- to prepare teas and tinctures, being cu, popular artisan from Argeș coun- cludes no less than 30 species. If the beneficial to the body, and its smell ty, who, for more than ten years, has hills of Provence became famous in helps relieve stress and insomnia. France for their growing of lavender, been involved in the creation of skill- bringing prosperity to the states, The essential lavender oil is the main fully and cleverly embroidered anti- the herb is still not grown on a large product obtained from distilling the macassars and table linens, came up scale in Romania. In ancient Rome, inflorescences. So as not to lose its with the idea to manually create bags it was also used to perfume the pub- properties, it must be harvested in filled the seeds of this fragrant herb. the morning, in the dew, while the oil lic baths. The idea wasn’t born anywhere, but obtained has antiseptic and anti-in- in the very country of France, famed Lavender is seeded in autumn of flammatory properties, regenerating for growing the herb, and which spring and may even be harvest- tissue and helping the wounds close became a genuine ambassador of ed twice a year, during the summer and heal. months, while the field on which it lavender, during a lavender festival is grown must be slightly declivi- Legend has it that lavender was not which fascinated her. In the villages tous, oriented towards the south. Its taken from the Garden of Eden and of Provence, such festivals are held height when reaching maturity is one that it helps against evil spirits, be- during parades, when the streets meter, and its girth is 1.8 meters. ing used at the house entrance or are scented with lavender water, the

28 crafted bags. Because she loves this plant, she always is now trying to grow it on a reduced scale and if her project is successful, Lăcrămioara Ionescu is even thinking of becoming a lavender grower. Lavender reestablishes balance into the nervous system and is recommended in case of depression, ten- sion, melancholy, but also in cases of exhaustion. The plant manages to combat the respiratory diseases and induces a restful sleep. These are sufficient reasons for Lăcrămioara Ionescu to go ahead with her passion. In addition to lavender, the bags could be filled with other aromat- herb being marketed in all forms, by the potential buyers, especially ic medicinal plants benefic to the from the herb itself to soaps and dec- by foreigners who want to purchase human body, relieving stress and orative candles. souvenirs which symbolize Roma- fatigue and providing a state of revi- Back home, Lăcrămioara Ionescu nia, thus, the most sought after lav- talization. began manually creating minia- ender bags are those embroidered ture bags, from embroidered cloth, with the national flag or with the Regardless to the medicinal or aro- with various Romanian traditional country’s name. matic plants that could fill the tradi- motifs, depending on the holidays Lăcrămioara Ionescu loves tradition tional bags, these represent a beau- during the year. Thus, the bags fea- very much and has always tried to tiful and useful souvenir to anyone ture Christmas trees, bells, bunnies, bring traditions forward. She is now who purchases them, because they flowers or the national flag, some happy that she managed to combine are very durable; the plant inside can models being created with roves. tradition with practicality, thanks to be replaced when it loses its thera- Bags cushioned with cotton cloth are the therapeutic scent of the laven- peutic properties or they can be kept filled with lavender seeds and tied der being put into the painstakingly as they are, for decorative purposes. with a crocheted braid of various colors. The lavender is taken over by authorized distributors. The products are traded through various handicraft shops, but mostly through traditional fairs to which Lăcrămioara Ionescu gladly par- ticipates. Such a fair took place at The Romanian Peasant Museum, in which Lăcrămioara Ionescu participated for the first time, and that gave her courage to realize her dream of bringing the aromatic scent of lavender into people’s homes through manually crafted bags, embroidered with traditional motifs. She even participated in The Bucharest Christmas Market, where her bags were very popular. In addition to bags, the craftswoman makes embroidered silk, refrigerator magnets, bookmarks, purses, table linens and towels. Her products are always admired

29 Rural Romania – no. 15

Experiences: My farm

Victorița Meiroșu has started a “perfumed” lavender growing business in Dâmbovița

For Victorița Meiroșu, the idea of a and Bulgaria. To me, lavender is the of the activity in relation to each lavender farm dates back to 2011. She queen of aromatic herbs, as it is used phase, depending on the obtained studied this domain for three years, both in the pharmaceutical and in the results. As far as production is con- and in 2014 she decided to apply for cosmetic industry; therefore, my de- cerned, it will be capitalised upon by an EU-funded project, targeting mea- cision to establish the farm has come a processor. In Romania, lavender is sure 121 “Modernisation of agricul- almost naturally. Measure 121 of grown on relatively small areas, so tural holdings” of NRDP, signing, in NRDP was the most adequate choice for the time being one cannot speak December of last year, the financing for the establishment of this type of about an organised lavender mar- agreement with a period of imple- culture”, said Mrs. Meiroșu. ket, despite the demand from the mentation of 12 months. The value large pharmaceutical or cosmetics of the agreement amounted to EUR The lavender saplings are to be pur- companies which purchase lavender 264,809 out of which EUR 132,405 chased in spring, according to the from the local market. Lately, I have represented her contribution. procedures pertaining to public pro- initiated discussions with regard to curement. The saplings will be plant- the capitalisation upon the produc- “I had read a lot about lavender ed over an area of 11 hectares, in Vadu tion both with the representatives growing before I made up my mind Stanchii Locality, Corbii Mari Com- of certain Romanian companies and to undertake such project. To this mune, Dâmbovița County. with representatives from Bulgaria, end, I visited the Research Station in Germany and France. It will take Fundulea several times, on which oc- “Once the lavender farm is established, I will dedicate myself full- three years for my lavender culture casion I had the opportunity to speak to fructify, which means I will have time to this activity. I believe that it with the only specialist in aromatic plenty of time to make internal and is necessary to allot all my attention herbs still working there. Whereas external business connections”, stat- and resources for this in order to get lavender growing is not very wide- ed the farmer from Dâmboviţa. spread in Romania, I had also read the envisaged results. As regards the various studies carried out in coun- actual agricultural work, I will con- During the period to come, function tries where this domain is well-es- tract the adequate individuals nec- of the possibility to invest in the ma- tablished, such as France, England essary for the optimum deployment chinery and equipment specific of

30 lavender processing, besides the actual growing of lavender, Victorița Meiroșu will analyse the possibility of processing a part of its production, which would afterwards be turned into products meant for advertising. “Considering that my project is still at the start, a strategy for public re- lations and marketing is scheduled for the near future. As online advertising is imperative, I will resort to a team of specialists in online marketing and IT. It is very important for prospect customers to become aware of the benefits of using lavender. For example, lavender baths are relax- ing, this being known and studied as far back as the Antiquity. Lavender plays an essential part in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, as well”, said Victorița Meiroșu.

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Experiences: My business

“Casa Matei” Guest House in Berca - hospitality and refinement on the Buzău River shore

Located on the Buzău River shore, in guest house in Berca are available has remained stringent in supplying Berca Locality, “Casa Matei” Guest in the European travel guides “Mi- high quality services, both in terms House, classified with four daisies, chelin Vert” and “Guide du routard”. of accommodation & gastronomy, is awaiting its customers. Opened on The services supplied by it are also as well as recreation, offering to its the 1st of January 2007, once with acknowledged in the country, so guests the possibility to spend mem- Romania’s adhesion to the Europe- that, along the years, “Casa Matei” orable moments there. Something an Union, year after year, the guest has been awarded two “Margareta worthy of appreciation and which house in Buzău received awards de aur” honours from ANTREC Ro- may stand as an example for the oth- which have placed it next to other mania: one for gastronomy and the er accommodation units is the own- guest houses providing rural tour- other for the promotion of traditions er’s care for the training of employ- ism services at European standards. by means of the organisation of the ees. This line of action is highlighted Pleșcoi Sausage Festival. Moreover, by the high degree of appreciation the guest house was also awarded a that tourists have towards the ser- Honours and recognitions diploma of excellence in 2012, mark- vices supplied by the guest house. ing the good collaboration between “We have managed to transform the certifying the high quality the guest house in Buzău and the slogan of the guest house – hospital- services rendered by the University of Agronomic Sciences ity and refinement – into a brand of guest house in Buzău and Veterinary Medicine in Bucha- quality and prestige. For our loyal rest. Recommendations and recognitions guests, each new visit to our guest of the hospitality of ”Casa Matei” Along all these years, “Casa Matei” house is certainly a pleasant sur-

32 Gastronomy – enhanced in the guest house restaurant The attention for high quality service and for satisfying the most refined tastes comes first in the guest house kitchen. The traditional menus are harmonised with the traditional ones, offering tourists a genuine taste experience on each plate bear- ing the culinary autograph of “Casa Matei” guest house kitchen.

Traditional courses on the prise. Through the proposed recre- It consists of two bedrooms (one restaurant menu: ational services, we valorise the nat- matrimonial bedroom and one ural attractions of the region (The twin bedroom), one living room, • Vulcanii Noroioși; Mud Volcanoes, The Salt Mountains, one bathroom with bathtub and • Gigantica de Berca; the Mociru, Meledic and Vulturilor shower cabin. It also has air con- • Tigăița de Pleșcoi; Lakes, the trovants from Ulmet), the ditioning. historic and cultural sites (the Berca • Fasolea lu’ boier Ciolanu; fortress, Cetățuia, the rupestral set- • Cloșca cu puii de aur; tlements, the monasteries in Buzău, Room facilities and free • Pofta lui Athanariq; the Thesaurus of Pietroasa, the Câr- services: • Ospățul Goților. lomănești site, the Roman Thermae), the gastronomic and oenological • air conditioning (on the ground floor and in the apartment); attractions (the Pleșcoi sausages, Aromatic herbs – extra the Babic from Buzău, the countless • phone, minibar, television, Wi-Fi; flavour and taste in the wineries of both national and inter- • bank card payment; national renown)”, stated Doctor Si- cuisine of “Casa Matei” • breakfast included in the room rate; mona Tănase, owner of “Casa Matei” The use of aromatic herbs brings • room service on request; guest house. extra flavour and savour to the cui- • pool access; sine of the guest house. Rosemary • guarded parking lot; is often used by the cooks from this Accommodation condi- region, due to its capacity to activate • baby cots or playpens on request. the digestive function, being a good tions Access with pets is forbidden!. colagog and antispastic. In the Berca “Casa Matei” guest house offers to its tourists 16 double rooms and one apartment. Both the rooms and the apartment are equipped with individual restrooms.

Distribution of rooms: • Ground floor: four double rooms with individual terrace. The rooms have air conditioning; • 1st floor: eight double rooms and one apartment. Both the rooms and the apartment are equipped with balconies looking towards the Buzău River; • Attic: four twin rooms; • The apartment is large, cover- ing an area of 110 square meters.

33 Rural Romania – no. 15

region, rosemary is used both in the form of tea (accelerates bowel tran- sit, optimises hepatic activity etc.), and of compresses in cases of rheumatism. It is not by accident that the Berca region is known for its possibilities of relaxation. Thus, in these areas, rosemary is mostly grown by locals in their gardens, among other cultures. “We mainly use it in combination with baked potatoes – as it gives an unmistakable flavour – and with lamb roast. The Berca region is known for its mutton and traditional products in Buzău such as the Pleșcoi sausages, the babic, the dry sausages and the pastrami. We use the rosemary flavour in dishes like mutton roast, lamb drob, lamb sour soup, lamb stew and others”, declared Doctor Simona Tănase. Throughout time, the gastronomy of our guest house has been promoted at various tourism and gastronomy events attended by Mrs. Tănase: national tourism fairs, gastronomic competitions and festivals, Interna- tional Congress of Culinary Tradi- tions which took place in Bucharest in 2014 and many more. The autoch- thonous cuisine is promoted yearly by the guest house on occasion of the Pleşcoi Sausage Festival organised by it, which is a very popular event.

34 Special events at the guest “Casa Matei” guest house organises Possibilities of recreation house special events such as weddings, birth- days, theme parties and team-build- and leisure time spend- The guest house restaurant has 120 ing activities. A photo catalogue of the seats and air conditioning. Adjoined events is available at the guest house ing at “Casa Matei” guest thereto is a coffee-bar terrace for 50 reception. For corporate activities, the house persons, along with a wood pavilion 110 sq.m. conference room is available which can be used for anniversaries for rent. Workshops or seminars can and activities in the open and which also be organised in the smaller rooms • outdoor swimming pool; can house 40 persons. made available by the guest house, • special playground for children; comprising five to ten seats. There is also a mini-terrace on the edge of Buzău River, comprising eight • courtyard with garden even for to ten seats. photo shoots;

• small animal farm;

• tennis, mini-football courts, ping pong tables;

• bike rental;

• indoor library, billiards, rummy and cards tables;

• backpacking and off-road;

• rafting on the Buzău River;

• fishing;

• equitation at the Cislău stud farm;

• truffle searching;

• sauna and massage.

35 Rural Romania – no. 15

Experiences: My community Capitalisation upon medicinal and aromatic herbs harvested from non- polluted areas in Transylvania

36 The benefits of using medicinal herbs in the treatment of various illnesses have been known since ancient times. The scholars from the Antiquity and the Middle Ages recorded the unquestionable attributes of countless plants. It is well known that approximately half of the pharmaceutical products that are being manufactured world- wide are based on medicinal herbs or on active principles extracted therefrom. However, the medicinal herbs have not ceased to be employed in pure state as well, for maintaining health or as adjuvants in the healing process of numerous diseases, the diversification of their utilisation being in full swing. Medicinal herbs conceal healing powers which are due to the active substances found in their compo- sition. The extracts obtained from them have active principles with healing virtues. Due to the pedoclimatic conditions in Romania, the growth of medicinal and aromatic herbs is favoured in our country. The demand for such plants is on the fast track, no matter whether on the internal or on the external market, particularly the Euro- pean market, not to mention the high yield that these cultures have.

VITAPLANT – 100% natural, from Mureș County With an experience which spans over more than 15 years, SC VITAPLANT SRL currently manufactures a wide range of 100% natural products, the medicinal herbs found in the com- position of its teas being harvested from non-polluted areas in Transyl- vania, region known for its high level of ozone in the air. The 40 types of medicinal herbs sold by it are carefully selected, processed and packed, in strict compliance with the food safety and hygiene rules in force. Although at the beginning the company carried out its activity in Sova- ta, starting from 2007 it has been operating in Eremitu Commune, Mureș County, located only 15 km away from the well-known balneoclima-

37 Rural Romania – no. 15

teric resort. The teas merchandised by SC VITAPLANT SRL are available both in simple form and as combinations of several medicinal herbs. The company sells: • filter bag tea: various fruity favoured teas (peaches, raspberries, forest fruit); • medicinal herb tea: mint, chamomile, tutsan, linden, rose hip tea, and also aromatic black tea; • bulk tea powder: daffodil, horsetail, milfoil, hawthorn, buckthorn, sage, nettle, celandine, mistletoe, calendula; • bulk tea powder: Sedative, Lacto- vit, Expectorant, Gastric, Vitadil, Vitafi.

The ingredients from the complex products are chosen by a pharmacist with a vast experience in phytotherapy, so as to obtain the best results. However, Laszlo Bokor, one of the company’s proprietors, stated that it is advisable for “everybody to be their own physician”, meaning that each of us knows what is best for their body. For example, a complex tea can be beneficial for 60 individuals out of 100, in relation to the same illness, while for the rest, the results might not be so spectacular. That is why there are several combinations of medicinal herbs adapted to various needs. Besides teas, VITAPLANT also manufactures and sells liver tinc- ture and flax, fennel, cumin, anise seeds, as well as apple cider vinegar. These are processed in combination with various aromatic herbs in order to obtain apple cider vinegar with basil, cumin, sage, tarragon, brotherwort, coriander, dill, juniper, lemon grass, oregano and rosemary. The use of aromatic herbs in combination with apple cider vinegar for salads has additional benefits. For example, apple cider vinegar with cumin and walnut or liquorice flavour can be used to give flavour to vegetable dishes. The an- tihistaminic properties of cumin volatile oil reduce allergic reactions in case of bronchial asthma; it also invigorates the nervous system and has antitumor effects.

38 Apple cider vinegar with coriander can be administered internally, in case of gastric acidity, thus relieving pain, and externally, in order to accelerate the cutaneous eruption in case of chicken pox. The diversification of products obtained from medicinal and aromatic herbs involves high investments, hence, in the future, Laszlo Bokor hopes to access European funds as well, for increasing the current range of products, all the more so as the herbs underlying the products are grown within the ecological agriculture system. Such system consists of several aspects, among which ecological zoning, culture rotation and crop rotation, attendance works by preventive methods to combat herb- age and by curative methods, fertili- sation, sowing, preconditioning and drying of medicinal and aromatic herbs, distillation of the derived vegetal material. Not all areas are good for the development of ecological agriculture, there being areas which are very favourable for a particular kind of herb, but also areas which are less favourable or even not at all favourable for such. At any farm and specifically at those in which ecological agriculture is practiced, it is recommended to grow several types of herbs, thus ensuring the required balance. The crop rotation, respectively the rotation of cultures over time represents one of the most important agrophytotechnical measures to increase production. At the same time, in order to ensure the maximum biological activity of the soil, its fertility within the ecological agriculture system should be maintained and improved by a system of measures that lead to the preservation of its resources. its activity, VITAPLANT also pur- ships with a major distributor of chased high performance machinery medicinal herbs based in Bucharest, For the purpose of obtaining teas for the processing of medicinal and at country level. The capitalisation from high quality medicinal herbs aromatic herbs, thus supplementing upon the teas and seeds is also per- from the spontaneous flora, the its non-automated equipment. formed via the online store available company also collaborates with the at: www.vitaplant.ro. Romanian Academy in order to find In relation to the capitalisation upon out the names of the zonal farmers medicinal and aromatic herbs, the Most of the customers of VITA- from whom it can capitalise upon company also addressed the mar- PLANT are elderly people, as Laszlo the plants which were treated only ket of this industry in Italy, and for Bokor acknowledges, but younger with natural fertilisers, and for the the time being, besides the market people should also become aware 12 types of aromatic herbs grown in Romania, a part of the products of the benefits of medicinal herbs, in greenhouses, the company takes manufactured by it are distributed which are true gifts of nature, be- steps for obtaining the BIO certifi- on the market in Hungary. VITA- cause medicines are not 100% natu- cation. For the purpose of improving PLANT has collaboration relation- ral, while medicinal herbs are.

39 Rural Romania – no. 15

Up-to-date leader

Colinele Buzăului LAG

Known as the cradle of Romanian linele Buzăului LAG are based on the: with the measures set forth in the culture and civilisation, the territory National Rural Development Pro- • diversification of rural economy of Buzău County preserves vestiges gramme 2007-2013, excluding the or- attesting human existence in the re- and the increase in the quality of life at territorial level; ganisation and functioning expenses, gion since ancient times. The proof amounted to EUR 2,550,000. for this is represented both by the • development of the agricultural tools and weapons made of bones or and sylvan sector based on the in- As regards its activity, from the be- ashlar which have been dug up in a creased competitiveness and on ginning and until present time, Co- few places, and by the Neolithic and the knowledge-based adaptation of linele Buzăului LAG has launched 12 Bronze Age pottery which belonged to economy; selection calls, out of which five calls the Boian, Gumești and Monte- oru • capitalisation upon the natural in 2013 and seven calls in 2014, call Cultures. and human potential of the region 7/2014 still being underway. based on the adaptation of the sus- Colinele Buzăului LAG proposed to The final result has materialised in tainability principles, of environ- capitalise upon the natural and hu- the submission to Colinele Buzăului mental protection and by the devel- man potential of the area of the nine LAG of a total of 95 projects, among Communes which are included with- opment of human resources; which 63 were declared eligible by in the territory of the association, • development of the cooperation, AFIR, amounting to EUR 2,451,262, eight Communes from Buzău Coun- both inside and outside the territo- the public value of the signed agree- ty, namely Măgura, Unguriu, Berca, rial boundaries, and also the stim- ments amounting to EUR 2,423,262. Scorțoasa, Pârscov, Bozioru, Cozieni, ulation of adopting certain innova- Tisău and Jugureni Commune from tive technologies and practices. One of the projects achieved under Prahova County, spreading over a The public value allotted to LAG on LAG and which received funding, surface of 504.66 square km and hav- the LEADER Axis 4 for the funding was called ”Modernisation of local ing 33,472 inhabitants. of projects in accordance with the interest roads in Măgura Commune, The priorities for development of Co- Local Development Programme and Buzău County”.

40 Measure: 413-322 – Village re- • DC 1053 – 396.544 m • foundations made of key stone newal and development, improve- The main technical characteristics and/or optimal mixed key stone; ment of basic services for rural envisaged further to the moderni- • hot rolled bitumen blankets; economy and population and val- sation of roads were as follows: orisation of rural inheritance, • devices for surface water drain- LEADER Axis 4 • asphalting of 1,257.91 metres of age and evacuation (ditches); road, including offset and foun- • Beneficiary: Măgura Commune • prefabricated footbridges; dation works; - Legal representative: Mayor • vertical road signalling. • ensuring the 4 metre width of the Cîrstea Daniel; In terms of the impact at local level, roadway; • Project: “Modernisation of the completion of the project meant local interest roads in Măgura • achieving ditches for water the fulfilment of the established ob- Commune, Buzău County”; drainage; jectives which consisted of an im- • Session:2/12.08.2013 • building a tubular footbridge proved access of local inhabitants - 20.09.2013; with the diameter of 60 cm and to DN 10 national road, the increase • Total project value: EUR 123,132; with the length of 4.66 metres on in the degree of traffic safety and the DS 518 road; comfort, the development of the • Non-refundable project value: EUR 98,437; As regards the construction works, local road infrastructure, the facil- itation of the possibility for certain • Financing agreement: C4133220 the project has been completed, fol- rapid interventions by the emergen- 111221046326/13.02.2014. lowed by the drafting of the docu- mentation by the beneficiary and by cy service crews (fire-fighters, po- The project consisted in the mod- the submission of the last payment lice, ambulance) to be made within ernisation of three local inter- request to AFIR. the area adjacent to the aforemen- est roads (village and commune tioned roads, the drainage of storm Hence, the activities carried out roads) in Măgura Village, Măgura water under optimum conditions, under the project consisted of: Commune, Buzău County, with the the creation of 5 temporary work- total length of 1,257.91 metres, thus: • earthwork; places for the local population • DS 720 – 458.32 m • foundations made of ballast and/ during the period of performance • DS 518 – 403.05 m or of optimal mixed ballast; of the investment.

41 Rural Romania – no. 15

Valea Muntelui LAG

Valea Muntelui LAG operates in a spe- economic changes; development, improvement of basic cial natural environment composed services for rural economy and val- 2. the preservation of the natural en- of crests and depressions belonging orisation of rural inheritance” and to the Trotușului Mountains. The Lo- vironment and landscapes, the protection and improvement of the nat- EUR 33,344 for Measure 421 “Coop- calities forming LAG are the Town of ural resources through the protection eration”, such funds being available Dărmănești and the Agăș, Brusturo- of biodiversity, of Na- tura 2000 and further to the launch of the last call in asa, Ghimeș-Făget, Asău, Poduri and of the areas of high natural value; December 2014. Palanca Communes. This region shel- ters the Ghimeș – Palanca gorge, the 3. the improvement in the quality of A project which has been successfully railway connecting Transylvania to life in the Valea Muntelui region and completed under the Valea Muntelui Moldova. the encouragement of the diversifica- LAG is the “Con- struction of a mar- tion of economic activities; ket building in Palanca Commune”, The region where Valea Muntelui LAG Bacău County. has its territory is an area which has 4. the increase in the impact of cer- been inhabited since ancient times, tain target priorities of the strategies The current state of the project enti- from as far back as the Neolithic, with pertaining to Valea Muntelui, through tled “Construction of a market build- dwellings dating back to the period of the creation of certain cooperation ing in Palanca Commune”, Bacău the Cucuteni culture. projects. County, is the following: The programme whereby Valea Until now, Valea Muntelui LAG has • the percentage of completion of Muntelui LAG wants to achieve its contracted funds amounting to a total works is of approximately 95%; local development plan is focused on of EUR 2,057,492. 41 financing agree- the following priorities: ments have already been signed. • an advance payment amounting to EUR 73,161 was received in May 1. the creation of optimum conditions The public beneficiaries are also 2014; for the establishment and develop- provided with funds amounting to ment of micro-enterprises and small EUR 217,156 for the correspondent • the first payment file was disbursed enterprises, taking into account the of Measure 322 “Village renewal and in November 2014: EUR 64,090;

42 • the last payment file will be submit- sation of the food products specific of For the promotion of Valea Muntelui ted in March 2015. the area, the marketing of tradition- LAG, advertising materials were Prior to the project completion, there al products, forest fruit, mushrooms made (flyers, folders and posters) and had been a space used as retail mar- and products derived therefrom, that meetings were held with the citizens ket, but it was not sufficient and it did are specific of the mountain area, all not provide conditions in correspon- this in an effort to help increase the and associations from each Locality dence with the real needs of traders degree of well-being of the inhabi- in the area concerned by the project, and of prospect buyers. tants of the respective area. for the presentation thereof. The retail market closest to Palan- ca Commune was 30 km away, in Comănești Town, therefore the necessity thereof was imperative, this also Project title: “Construction Data concerning the project being the objective of the on-going of a market building in assessment phases: project. Palanca Commune”, Bacău Selection call: 19.10.2012 The project stipulated the construc- County. – 19.11.2012; tion of the market building. Eventual- Axis III – “Quality of life in the Project submission at LAG: ly, the building will consist of ground rural areas and diversification of 19.11.2012; floor (GF) with the built surface of the rural economy”. 546.56 sq.m. Project submission at Measure: 413 322 – “Village re- O. J.P.D.R.P.: 17.12.2012; The building will have four approach newal and development, improve- Request for additional infor- paths, both for producers and for buy- ment of basic services for rural mation from C.R.P.D.R.P.: ers, and eight areas for the placement economy and population and val- 23.01.2013; of the stands used for the display of orisation of rural inheritance”. products, along with spaces for the C.R.P.D. R.P. eligibility notifica- Beneficiary: Palanca Commune; flow of buyers. tion: 06.02.2013; Total value: EUR 216,776; The estimated impact of the project Financing agreement conclusion: Eligible value: EUR 166,084; is regional, respectively it concerns 14.05.2013; the Palanca Commune and the neigh- Non-eligible value: EUR 47,483; bouring Communes of Brusturoasa Achievement duration: 24 Support intensity: 100%; and Ghimeș-Făget, which will benefit months, 14.05.2013 – 14.05.2015. of the retail market. This investment is meant to facilitate the capitalisation upon and the valori-

43 Rural Romania – no. 15

News and events

2015 - International Year of Soils

The Food and Agriculture Organi- sation of the United Nations (FAO) declared 2015 as the International Year of Soils. FAO was appointed to implement the Year of Soils within the Global Soil Partnership, in collaboration with governments around the world and with the Secretariat of the UN Convention to Combat De- sertification. According to FAO, our soils are en- dangered by the expansion of human dwellings, clearing, unsustainable soil use, poor management practices, pollution and climate changes. The current rate of soil degradation threatens the capacity of agriculture to satisfy the needs of the genera- From the point of view of the Organi- • to support a rapid centralisation tions to come. sation, the International Year of Soils and gathering of the information has the following objectives: which illustrate the complete and As long as the soils are in danger, the real picture of the soil situation, at • to raise the level of awareness re- sustainable agriculture, the safety of local, regional, national and global food and the services which contrib- garding the importance and the level. ute to the preservation of the ecosys- impact of human decisions and ac- FAO also published on its website tem are compromised. The Organi- tions on the soil; sation also stated that we depend on www.fao.org a calendar of events for soils for healthy food and high qual- • to educate the public in relation to the year 2015, which starts with the ity natural remedies, for the conti- the crucial role of the soil for food International Green Week between nuity of biodiversity, for combatting safety, climate changes, ecosystem the 16th and the 25th of January. climate changes and for fighting the and sustainable development; Moreover, the Organisation placed droughty periods through to the wa- at the disposal of the public and of • to support the policies and actions the media various audio, video and ter retained inside them. pertaining to sustainable manage- infographic materials on the subject ment and soil protection. of soils Green Week 2015 in Berlin

The International Green Week was tural equipment, seeds, greenhouses, first organised at international level in gardening tools, pets, as well as hunt- 1926, and between the 16th and 25th ing and fishing tools will also be on of January, the 80th edition thereof display. will take place in Berlin. The event in- The fair will cover an area of over cludes the organisation of a unique ex- 120,000 square meters, housing exhibition of food products, agriculture, hibitors from 69 countries. The cost gardening and industrial products. paid by the latter in order to be allowed The Green Week is also the starting to display their products in Berlin point of the Global Forum for Food ranges between EUR 145 and EUR 153 and Agriculture (GFFA). / square meter. Producers all over the world will show The event will also house seminars, up in Berlin in January in order to conferences, presentations, forums test food and luxury products and to and commission gatherings. Also, promote their brands. The visitors the seventh International Conference will find at the 1,600+ stands fresh of Ministers of Agriculture will take products, beer, wine, champagne, tra- place in accordance with the sixth ditional meat products, sea food and Ministerial Summit on Agriculture in fish, herbs and spices. Also, agricul- Berlin

44 “Marea Hoinăreală” photography exhibition at the Romanian Peasant Club The wanderers of photographer Sorin photographs document various ru- capitalisation upon trades and crafts, Onișor return for the fourth edition ral areas of Romania, such as Mara- as well as the conservation of the Ro- of “Marea Hoinăreală” exhibition and mureş, the Danube Delta, Bucovina, manian rites and traditions. The ex- arrive in Bucharest, at the Romanian under mountain Oltenia, the Apuseni hibition will reach other large cities in Peasant Club, on the 11th of January, a Mountains, the Danube mouth and Romania in 2015, as it does each year. day which also marks the Photography others. Through this type of activities, the Art Day in Romania. The official open- Sorin Onișor has been taking photos Romanian Peasant Museum tries not ing will take place at 18.00 p.m., in 3, of the rural world for almost 20 years, only to be a guardian of the cultur- Monetăriei Street. also documenting the few Romanian al identity of our nation, but also an The exhibition will host the most surviving villages. “Ma- rea Hoină- observer involved in everything that forms the Romanian rural civilisation. successful 100 photographs taken reală” exhibition, organised annually last year by Sorin Onișor and by the since 2011, is also a wake-up call for Romanian Peasant Museum youngsters who accompanied him at the preservation of landscapes and of 3, Monetăriei Street, 1st District, his workshops and field sessions. The the Romanian natural patrimony, the Bucharest

45 Rural Romania – no. 15

News and events

Gathering of Local Action Group representatives and MARD & AFIR officials in Sinaia

The representatives of Local Action tred around discussions pertaining ever, he gave thanks to the General Group (LAG) all over the country to the payment stage of the projects Manager of AM-NRDP, Mr. Mihai gathered within a working group or- funded under the LEADER Measure. Herciu, for the support granted by the ganised by the National Rural Devel- latter to LAG. Mr. Potor then invited Mrs. Alecsandra Rusu, Head of LEA- opment Network (NRDN), between the LAG representatives in the room DER Service within AM-NRDP, car- the 10th and 11th of December 2014, ried on by explaining the provisions to speak about the problems concern- in Sinaia. They discussed about the of NRDP 2014- 2020 regarding local ing the implementation of projects. implementation of the LAG strategies investments. Several representatives of the Local in the LEADER programme. Approx- Action Groups from various regions of imately 160 people attended the two “During the next scheduling, empha- the country (Vaslui, Maramureș, Satu days of debates. sis will be placed on social inclusion, particularly that of the Roma. How- Mare etc.) raised the problem of the During the first session of the work ever, NRDP remains an investment eligibility of the region studies, this group, the presidium consisted of programme, not a social one”, she subject matter being also discussed Mrs. Viviana Vasile - team leader of stated. Mrs. Rusu added that MARD with the representatives of MARD the project called “Establishment and would collaborate with the Ministry during the previous month. Concrete- Support of the National Rural Devel- of European Funds in order to com- ly, the LAG members expressed their opment Network”, Mrs. Alecsandra pile two investment programmes, concern about the fact that the region Rusu – Head of LEADER Service thus leading to a more efficient pro- studies could no longer be disbursed within AM-NRDP and Mr. Alexandru curement of European funds for the due to the lack of open sessions. Potor, President of the National Fed- prospect beneficiaries. Conversely, Mrs. Alecsandra Rusu eration of LAG (FN-LAG). Mr. Alexandru Potor underlined that stated that such phenomenon was not Mrs. Viviana Vasile opened the de- 2014 was a difficult year for many turning into a general rule and un- bates by saying that NRDN wanted to LAGs and that the members thereof derlined the necessity for the region find ways to support LAG. Thus, the had been very hard tried upon the im- studies to be of high quality and not first day of the work group was cen- plementation of the strategies. How- be taken out of context – many data

46 contained therein being included in and LEADER and Mrs. Iulia Vasiliu The last day of discussions ended the strategy part of the projects. She – Manager of the Directorate for Con- with two interventions of the Roma ensured the LAG representatives of tracting Selection. minority representatives. Mr. Cătălin the availability of MARD regarding Manea, Secretary General of the Par- the settlement of such misunder- Further on, Mr. Iulian Bucătaru gave ty of the Roma, explained that the standings. assurance that AFIR would try to find organisation wanted to become an a solution to the problem of region active member of NRDN and FNLAG, “The region studies are not related to studies, also underlining the necessi- underlining, however, that the mem- the implementation of a financially ty of high quality studies. “Some are bers of the Roma communities still active measure, but to the general too complex, while others are too con- need to acquire more experience as objectives of a programme. As re- cise”. He acknowledged the need for a regards European projects and the gards the objections of the Agen- set of rules pertaining to the form and implementation thereof. cy for Funding Rural Investments contents of such studies. “However, (AFIR) and the doubts pertaining to we did not start from the premise The President of the National Agen- the quality of such studies, a set of that “they will NOT be disbursed””, cy for the Roma, Mr. Daniel Vasile, concrete rules should be developed in asserted Mr. Bucătaru. reminded that approximately 1.8 relation thereto, however the studies million Roma live in Romania and cannot be entirely forbidden”, con- Mrs. Mihaela Popa added that the that our country loses around EUR cluded Mr. Rusu. LAG members could also focus on 850,000 per year as a consequence other type of activities as well, which of its failure to integrate the Roma The discussions continued until the are not based on region studies, such on the labour market. Therefore, he evening, being resumed the next as activities concerning promotion emphasised the necessity of the social morning in the presence and with the and information. inclusion of the Roma, who represent contribution of the AFIR representa- the only pole for increase in the birth Moreover, Mr. Alexandru Potor ac- tives, Mr. Iulian Bucătaru – Deputy rate in Romania. General Manager for Infrastructure, knowledged that if a region study is LEADER and Non-Agricultural In- not qualitative, then it is only normal The gathering of the LAG representa- vestments, Mrs. Mihaela Popa – Di- for it to be rejected upon disburse- tives and of the MARD & AFIR offi- rectorate for Technical Assistance ment. cials ended around noon.

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NRDN members introduce themselves Agroecologia, the pioneer of ecological agriculture in Romania Agroecologia is the first group of farmers to have ever practiced ecological agriculture in Romania, being established in 1994 by students and professors from USAMV in Cluj Napoca, further to their collaboration with the Regional Feder- ation of Organic Agriculture in Brit- tany. Currently, Agroecologia counts more than 150 members – mostly certified farmers or in course of conversion to ecological agriculture, respectively traditionally certified farmers or farmers in course of certification. The organisation also includes Mr. Dacian Cioloș, former European Commission- er for Agriculture, who was one of the co-founders of this initiative. Among the founding members, there is also Mr. Avram Fițiu, Reader and farmer at the same time, Professor Ioan Drocaș and farmer Vasile Bodea. In 2010, Agroecologia launched the Farmer’s Basket application in Cluj, as national release. It is an original weekly distribution system by which agricultural products are delivered directly to the consumer’s home. The farmer’s basket is a fair distribution system of ecological and traditional products, based on subscription, whose purpose is to have consumers undergo responsibility for the act of purchasing and its conse- quences, according to the declarations of the representatives of the association. The producers of apples, apple juice, sea buckthorn and sea buckthorn juice, home-made comfiture, vegetables, brânză de burduf, hard cheese, sausages, bacon, tobă, home-made pas- ta, hive products, cakes and high quality wines are from Cluj County and the neighbouring Counties. Nine agricultural producers in Tran- sylvania got this new method of selling traditional and ecological products on its feet: Zetea farm in Satu Mare (traditional Zetea ţuica), El Greco farm in Satu Mare (ecological goat cheese), Dominique Simon butchery in Cluj (ecological meat products), PopAvi farm in Cluj (ecological eggs), Ecoplant farm in Cluj (ecological bread). The certified organic and traditional products can be ordered online, as well. Addi- tionally, they can be delivered to the consumer’s home.

48 The farmer’s basket is a successful programme in the United States of America and in some European countries. The distribution system from the Ardeal region will be managed by an operating team which will conclude subscriptions with consumers, taking over orders from them and transmit- ting them to the farmers. The agricultural producers will adapt this system to the local specificity. The objective of the Agroecologia association initially consisted of the formation of a network of 100 families, within six months after launch. “Under these conditions, the new producers will have profit”, said Mr. Avram Fițiu, the President of Agro- ecologia. The members of the associations consider the target audience to be represented by individuals with average and high revenues. Such system works in Timișoara, as well, however only fruit and vegetables are being sold. The Pres- ident of Agroecologia, Mr. Avram Fițiu, is a Reader at the University of Agri- cultural Sciences and Veterinary Med- icine (USAMV) in Cluj-Napoca and has occupied this position within the association since 1997. He was also the Director of the Dacian Cioloș Cabinet during the latter’s mandate as Minis- ter of Agriculture. Mr. Avram Fițiu has published 87 articles and eight books as co-author. In 2005, he won the ASAS Award for the book entitled “Bazele Agriculturii Ecologice”, as well as the Excellence Award granted by the “Bioterra” Asso- ciation. According to Agroecologia, an ecological product is derived from a technology which does not use chemical synthe- sis substances - pesticides, fertilisers. Only a few raw chemicals are allowed, such as the natural bluestone. In order to be able to label their products as ecological, producers are bound to sign a certification agreement with a Europe- an or Romanian company which, in its turn, monitors the annual production process. “Only upon the completion of the conversion to ecological agriculture, are producers allowed to label their products as ecological”, explained Mr. Avram Fițiu.

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NRDN members introduce themselves Research and Development Station for Fruit-Growing (SCDP) in Vâlcea, a support for Romanian fruit growers

created at SCDP Vâlcea for plum tree (Oteșani 8, Oteșani 11, Rival, Miro- val etc), walnut tree (Portval) and edible chestnut (Casval). The breeds adapted to the ecological conditions in Romania and the corresponding parent stocks are necessary for the modern cultivation of fruit-growing plants, based on high performance technologies, some even ecological, which are able to ensure rich productions of high quality fruit. Still at SCDP Vâlcea, as a consequence of a selection activity initially carried out in the spontaneous Romanian flora, willow breeds were obtained for the production of biomass (Robisal, Fragisal, Cozia 1 and Pesred), used for generating non-polluting renewable energy. In its own nursery garden, which is over 100 years old, giving tradition to the Vâlcea region, SCDP Vâlcea has bred Romanian and foreign breeds adapted to the environmental condi- The University in Craiova, through Alutus; the walnut tree breeds: Val- tions in our country. Each year, tens the agency of the Research and De- cor, Valrex, Valmit, Timval, Unival; of thousands of plants of high biologi- velopment Station for Fruit- Grow- the hazel tree breeds: Vâlcea 22, cal value from almost all fruit species ing in Vâlcea, has a strong scientific, Romavel, Cozia, Uriașe de Vâlcea, are produced. The plants obtained in educational and development basis Arutela, Roverd; the black elderber- the nursery garden of SCDP Vâlcea in the field of fruit-growing. The sta- ry breeds: Ina and Nora, as well as have been distributed with priority tion houses the activity of renowned an edible chestnut breed (Romval). in Vâlcea County, but also in Praho- researchers, appreciated both in the Additionally, new parent stocks were va, Dolj, Argeș, Brașov Counties etc). country and abroad, as well as of Ph.D. students and Master students at the University in Craiova. SCDP Vâlcea was established almost four decades ago, in a traditional fruit-growing area, important in Ro- mania, having as main objective the modernisation and intensification of fruit-growing in Oltenia and coun- trywide. The valuable genetic basis (a few hundred species and breeds all over the world) available in the national collections of SCDP Vâlcea – from walnut, hazel, edible chestnut and plum tree up to apple, peach tree and rose – has allowed researchers there to create 40 new breeds. Among them, the new breeds of plum tree: Andreea, Vâlcean, Topval and

50 A few years ago, significant quantities fruit market, be they large (10 - 30 formation is very useful and valuable of trees were shipped from there to ha) or very small (1 - 3 ha). Lately, for any farmer who wants to make a Germany, France, Poland, Hungary. the researchers from SCDP Vâlcea, profitable investment in fruit-grow- together with colleagues from the ing plantations. “Each year, the nursery garden of Research-Development Institute for SCDP Vâlcea produces 7 to 8 thou- Fruit-Growing in Pitești – Mărăcineni In recent years, steps have been tak- sand budded walnut trees from the and with those from other fruit-grow- en to direct farmers towards efficient breeds recommended to be grown ing stations have been concerned cultivation systems, technological in Romania. The budding of walnut with the achievement of an efficient works and breeds in accordance with trees is performed inside a special fruit-growing zoning in Romania the ecological conditions in Romania. installation, the only one in our coun- and, particularly, in Oltenia. For the Special attention was given to disease try,” declared Mr. Mihai Botu. first time in our country, social, his- and pest control, irrigation and fertil- After 1989, SCDP Vâlcea has partic- toric, ecological factors etc. have been isation of fruit-growing plants, as well ipated with projects, technical assis- taken into account upon the zoning of as to the necessity to use high quality tance and young trees for planting to fruit-growing. The structure of spe- young trees for planting. the establishment of certain modern cies and breed assortments proper SCDP Vâlcea wanted to give plantations in Sărulești (Călărași for cultivation has been established County), Moara Domnească (Ilfov), as far as the level of fruit-growing fruit-growing a modern and sustain- Șura Mare (Sibiu). The same actions basins and even of Localities. This in- able direction. were also carried out on smaller areas in Vâlcea County, as well (in Nicolae Bălcescu, Stroești, Copăceni Com- munes etc). SCDP Vâlcea has promoted intensive fruit-growing cultures and even super-intensive cultures, with irrigation and hail protection, which can ensure appreciable high quality productions (30-60 t/ha or even greater productions in the case of apple trees). The concerns of the researchers have always been in line with the desires and necessities of fruit-growers and fruit consumers. Function of the social and ecological conditions available in certain fruit-growing areas, SCDP Vâlcea has militated for the development of certain farms capable of coping with the competition on the Romanian

51 Rural Romania – no. 15

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This publication was created by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Romania, within the project entitled “Establishment and Support of the National Rural Development Network”. Project co- financed by FEADR by Measure 511 within the 2007 – 2013 National Rural Development Programme. January 2015 The content of this material does not necessarily represent the official position of the European Union. It is distributed free of charge.