Zangana (2020): Isolation & Diagnosis of parasite January 2020 Vol. 23 (IIb)

Isolation and diagnosis of parasitic stages isolated from house dust in some areas of Salah al - Din governorate,

Ashraf Jamal Mahmoud Zangana1

Natural Resources Research Center, University, Ira

Abstract: The total number of samples taken from 473 samples of the dust of randomly assigned residential houses in some areas of Salah al-Din Governorate (Tikrit, , Durr, Al-Alam) for the period from October 2018 to the end of March 2019 to detect the pollution rate of house dust by parasitic stages. And diagnosed eegs of some intestinal parasites (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichura, Toxocara canis, T. cati) , T. canis which had the highest pollution rate of parasitic stages of with (32.317%), followed by Trichuris trichura (20.731%).The results showed that the number of positive samples was 164 with 43.850%, The highest pollution rate was in Al-Alam district where it reached 53.33%, The lowest percentage was in Samarra district,With 40%, while Tikrit districtand Al- Durr were 51.11% and 46.66% Respectively.The results showed that the highest percentage of contamination of house dust from houses in Samarra district was during February by 57.142%, the lowest was 17.647% in March, and no pollution during of December, and inAl-Alam district was the highest pollution rate of samples 60% in March and the lowest was 33.33%. and in Al-Dor district the highest percentage of contamination was during November 64.285%, and lowest percentage during December was 20% , and no pollution during March , And highest percentage of contamination in samples of were 57.897% during October and the lowest percentage during March was 30.769%.

Keywords: house dust, parasitic stages, air pollution.

How to cite this article: Zangana AJM(2020): Isolation and diagnosis of parasitic stages isolated from house dust in some areas of Salah al-Din governorate, Iraq, Ann Trop Med & Public Health; 23(IIb): S428. DOI: http://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2020.2326

Introduction

Terrestrial parasitic helminthes infection is one of the most common species worldwide and affects the poorest and most disadvantaged communities. It is transmitted by eggs in human faeces that contaminate soils in areas that suffer from Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichura hookworm ( Necator american, Ancylostoma duodenale) is one of the major types of people infected (WHO, 2012). Other species present in the soil, such as T. canis and T. cati, were also found to be common in dogs and cats (Dubin et al., 1975; Parsons, 1987). These eggs may remain in the soil for months or even years (Bowman, 1999) When eggs are accidentally ingested by humans from polluted soil, they hatch into intestines and larvae migrate from intestines to the human liver, lungs and other organs causing damage (Schantz, 1998). More than 1.5 billion people, or 24 percent of world's population, are infected with soil-borne parasitic infections worldwide and the infection is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Sub-Saharan Africa, the Americas, China and East Asia have the largest number More than 270 million pre-school children and more than 600 million school-age children live in areas where these parasites are highly migratory, requiring treatment, preventive interventions and reducing the burden of soil worm infection in endemic countries, Recommends a health organization Global drug management program with benzimidazole drugs for groups at risk of infection (WHO, 2012). Infection is transmitted to people through the ingestion of infected eggs or larvae, which contaminate food, hands or utensils, or through penetration of infected larvae, which contaminate soil to skin. As these parasites do not multiply in host or human host, As a result of its

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Zangana (2020): Isolation & Diagnosis of parasite January 2020 Vol. 23 (IIb) contact with pathways that cause infection in environment (Cropton, 2002). Soil-borne worms damage the feeding situation of infected individuals in several ways, including: feeding on host tissues including blood, which leads to iron and protein loss (Solomons, 1993). In addition, circulating worms can compete with host on vitamin A in intestines, and some soil-borne worms lead to anorexia and thus decrease nutrient uptake and low fitness. Diarrhea and dysentery (Callender et al., 1998). It has become known that soil-borne nutrient imbalance has a significant impact on both mental and physical development (Stephenson et al., 2000). In addition to the nutritional effects of soil worm infection, there are reports that it damages knowledge growth, limits progress in education and hampers economic growth (Miguel & Kremer, 2001).

The aim of the research was to identify the main parasitic stages transmitted by hpuse dust.

Materials and Methods

1:Places and duration of sample collection :

Samples were collected from residential houses in some areas of Salah al-Din governorate (Tikrit, Samarra, Durr, Al-Alam) for period from October 2018 to the end of March 2019. The soil samples were taken randomly and in random numbers. The total number of samples was 374 samples, Sterilized plastic is learned and taken to the laboratory.

2:Method of work

A-Sedimentation technique: Take 10 g of each soil sample and mix with 500 ml of the normal saline solution to isolate the oval, larvae, cyst, oocyt, and parasitic oocytes. After 24 hours of deposition, take 5 mL of sedimentation fluid and transfer to laboratory. Centrifuge at 3000 cycles / 5 minutes, after which a drop of the deposit was taken by loop and placed on the slide and dyed by lugal iodine dye to distinguish the cysts of prophylaxis and helminth eggs and then the slide was mounting then examined with optical microscope under the magnification force 100x, 40x , and identified parasitic phases (Yamaguti, 1961; Soulsby, 1982).

B-flotation technique method:

Eggs and worms larvae and protozoa cysts depend on the difference in the specific density of some solutions, and parasitic infectious stages, 10g of sample was mixed with 200 ml of distilled water. The mixture was dissolved. After this, the precipitate was separated by a 300 d / min centrifuge and the net was poured. 2 ml of DW was added and the washing and separation were returned until the precipitate became net. 4 ml zinc sulphate, and the cover slide Above the nozzle of the tube placed in centrifuge and at the same speed above sometimes, The lid may be replaced by taking the upper droplets by loop after the device has stabilized. The cover slide has been lifted and mounted on slide with a drop of iodine solution for laboratory testing (Soulsb y, 1982).

Statistical analysis 3

The results obtained were statistically analyzed using a chi square test,Below the level of 0.05≥ p to determine the presence or absence of moral differences.

Results and discussion

The total number of specimens collected was 473 samples of soil which randomly selected residential houses to identify its pollution by parasitic stages. The results showed that the number of positive ©Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health S428

Zangana (2020): Isolation & Diagnosis of parasite January 2020 Vol. 23 (IIb)

samples was 164 by 43.850%, and the highest pollution was in Al-Alam district 46.491%, The lowest percentage of pollution was 31.764% in Sammara district, while for Tikrit and Durr district the percentages were 49.019% and 46.575%, respectively (Table 1).

The results showed that the highest percentage of contamination of house dust from Samarra district was during February of 57.142%, the lowest of which was 17.647% in March, and no pollution during December, and in Al-Alam district was highest infection rate in march by 60% and lowest during December and February by 33.33% , The higher percentage of contamination samples of Al- Durr district was taken during November, where it reached 64.285% and lowest percentage during December 20% , And highest percentage of contamination of house dust taken from Tikrit district were 57.897% during October and the lowest during March was 30.769% (Table 2). Tococara canis was diagnosed with 32.317%, followed by Trichuris trichura 20,331% (figer1, 2, 3) (Table 3). The difference is due to the record of each of (Tanner,2014;Papier et al.,2014) to the different geographic locations and the resulting differences in temperature and relative humidity, environmental conditions and the difference in type of samples studied. Swallow eggs were first in terms of contamination of infectious parasitic pathogens and perhaps because female worms shed 10,000 eggs per day and were resistant to environmental conditions, this result is identical to what the researchers recorded (Sastry et al., 2014).

Table (1): Percentage of distribution of parasitic pollutants in house dust for areas under study

area Number of total Number of positive % samples samples Samarra 85 27 31.764 Al-Durr 73 34 46.575 Tikrit 102 50 49.019 Al-Allam 114 53 46.491 Total number 374 164 43.850 X2 4.524

Table (2): Monthly percentage of house dust samples under study

month areas Al-Allam Tikrit Al-Durr Samarra Total Positive % Total Positive % Total Positive % Total Positive % number number number number number number number number October 14 7 50 19 11 57.897 15 6 40 18 7 38.888 2018 November 20 12 60 12 5 41.666 14 9 64.285 13 5 38.461 December 23 11 47.826 17 10 40 13 4 30.769 11 0 0 January 18 6 33.333 25 13 52 10 2 20 12 4 33.333 2019 February 24 8 33.333 16 7 43.75 21 13 61.904 14 8 57.142

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March 15 9 60 13 4 30.769 10 0 0 17 3 17.647 total 114 53 46.491 102 50 49.019 46.575 34 46.575 85 27 31.764 x2 1.702 0.0002 2.806 5.019

Table 3: Percentage of parasitic pollutants isolated from house dust fromResidential areas under study

Parasitic name Number of positive % sample Ovum of Ascaris lumbricoides 41 25 Ovum of Trichuris trichura 34 20.731 Ova of Toxocara canis 53 32.317 T. cati ova of 36 21.951

Figure 1: Toxocara canis (lugol iodin stain 1000x)

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Zangana (2020): Isolation & Diagnosis of parasite January 2020 Vol. 23 (IIb)

Figure 2: Ascaris lumbricoides (lugol iodin stain 1000x).

Figure 3: Trichuris trichura (lugol iodin stain 1000x).

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Callender, J.E.; Walker, S.P, Grantham – McGregor, S.M. & Cooper, E. S. (1998). Growth and development four years after treatment for the Trichuris dysentery syndrome. Acta paediatrica, 87 (12), 1247-1249.

Crompton, D. W. T, & Nesheim, M. C. (2002). Nutritional impact of intestinal helminthiasis during the human life cycle. Annual revive of nutrition, 22 (1), 35-59.

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