Air Race E Vision 2030 Curtain Raiser: Tifan 2020

ENGLISH QUARTERLY

Vol : 7 Issue : 1 January - March 2020 Free Distribution

AIR RACE E VISION 2030 CURTAIN RAISER: TIFAN 2020

ME_MAR 2020_4 Pages Wrappers.indd 1 02-03-2020 14:56:27 ME_MAR 2020_4 Pages Wrappers.indd 2 02-03-2020 14:56:30 CONTENTS

Features 10 Cover Story - Air Race E 42 Dealer Upskilling

15 Boeing-Built Satellites 47 New Test Track - ICAT

17 Vision 2030 58 Formula E Racing

35 15 Disruptors Cover Ad Index ENGLISH QUARTERLY Vol : 7 Issue : 1 January - March 2020 Free Distribution An Aircraft taking part in AIR RACE E Cover 2 ALTAIR VISION 2030 the trials for Air Race E CURTAIN RAISER: TIFAN 2020 competition. 19 SMALLEY 25 SONCEBOZ

Cover 3 BISS (INSTRON INDIA)

Cover 4 COMSOL

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Departments

3 Editorial Technology News 31 Hyundai BS6 SAEINDIA News 32 Everything in View 4 Efficycle 2019 33 VOLVO’s Automation Solution 5 AWIM Regional Olympics 49 Tier 1s 5 MoU Signing - ACMA 50 Lithium-ion Alternative 6 STPI 51 Mercedes Vision AVTR 7 Aerospace Forum 10th Anniversery 53 Bosch 8 PDP Advance Powertrain 53 Hyundai Sonata

Innovation EV News 20 Tesla’s Cyber Truck 55 EV Market Overview 57 EV Technology Reports 21 iTEC india Interviews 14 A. S. Kiran Kumar 24 AWIM 62 Dr. David L. Schutt 26 BAJA

27 Curtain Raiser - TIFAN 2020 Photo Feature 64 Rafale Jet 28 Tech Trends

AERIAL VIEW OF TESLA’S GIGA FACTORY SALES & MARKETING K. Venkataraj, SAEINDIA No.1/17, Ceebros Arcade, 3rd Cross, Kasturba Nagar, Adyar, Chennai - 600020, India (T) 91-44-24411904, (E) [email protected]

No part of this publication and/or website may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form without prior written permission of the Publisher. Permission is only deemed valid if approval is in writing. SAEINDIA buys all rights to contributions, text and images, unless previously agreed to in writing. In case of Address / addressee not found return to SAEINDIA, No 1/17, Ceebros Arcade, 3rd Cross, Kasturba Nagar, Chennai -600 020. Telefax: 91-44-2441-1904, Phone: 91-44-4215 2280.

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SAEINDIA had successfully executed several events, conferences, competitions in the last SAEINDIA BOARD OF DIRECTORS quarter. Our flagship All-Terrain-Vehicle student competition program, Baja SAEINDIA, Dr. Bala K. Bharadvaj was well attended by over 100 teams. The REEV (Range Extended Electric Vehicle), a President Dr. R. K. Malhotra hybrid student competition, has started off very well in Bengaluru. Immediate Past President Mrs. Rashmi Urdhwareshe February 2020 saw two of our essential milestone events: AutoEXPO 2020 by SIAM and Senior Vice President Mr. I. V. Rao awards ceremony by SAEINDIA Foundation. Awards category is now expanded to include Vice President Mr. Deepak Sawkar Aerospace, Dr. Richard Greaves Award for excellence in Aerospace. Congratulations to all Secretary Mr. S. Sriraman the awardees and winners! Treasurer

Dr. Arunkumar Sampath We have covered several vital conferences & competitions of our society in this issue. Member Mr. N. Balasubramanian (iTEC 2019, APT PDP and A World In Motion National Olympics 2019). The coming months Member still look bright and packed. The purpose of this magazine is to connect with your peers Mr. Dinesh Shyamsundar Member in your industry. To serve this purpose, browse through columns like Tech Trends and last- Mr. Munirathnam Javaji Member page photo feature. Dr. D. Muruganandam Member SAEINDIA has announced a technical conference in Functional Safety. It will be on August Ms. Pamela Tikku Member 13/14 in Bengaluru. The second edition of the Professional Development Program on Nano Prof. Prakash B Joshi Member Materials for Aero Industry is on the anvil for the second quarter of this calendar year. Mr. Prakash Sardesai Member FISITA World Automotive Congress is now rechristened as FISITA World Congress. 38th Mr. Purushottam Panda Member Edition of the congress is scheduled in the City of Prague, the Czech Republic, from Dr. SSV Ramakumar September 14-18 this year. The central theme of the Congress, Automobile, and Mobility. Member Dr. R. Rajendran New Roles. New Challenges reflects the forthcoming changes across the automotive and Member Mr. S. Shanmugam mobility industry. We encourage our members to attend. A balanced program of plenary Member Dr. K. C. Vora sessions, concurrent sessions, round tables, a student program, and technical visits is Member being prepared enriched with top keynote speakers to deliver high-quality scientific Mr. Subodh Morye Member content. To know more visit: https://www.fisita.com/fisita2020 Mr. R. Velusamy Member To keep up with recent advancements in the mobility industry SAEINDIA would have to go Representing SAE International digital. Thus, we have appointed a Digital Marketing Officer in the office. We promise you Dr. David. L. Schutt Chief Executive Officer an active digital presence for the society in the coming months. Mr.Murli M. Iyer Executive Global Advisor, Global Affairs Office of the Chief Executive The career-awareness volunteer receive the joy of giving something back to his/her Officer profession. You can use SAEINDIA as a vehicle to achieve this mission. There are plenty Presented by SAEINDIA of opportunities in your society to “give-back” to the broader mobility community as a Branding and Communication Board general rule.Come, be an active volunteer and embrace the benefits of your society! Dr. Arunkumar Sampath Chair Keep Connecting, Dr. Manish Jaiswal Member Mr. Sirish Batchu Member Mr. N. S. Rao Member Dr. Shankar Venugopal Member Mr. Nitin B. Dhande Member Mr. Subodh Morye Member

K. Venkataraj Mr. Nitin Agrawal EDITOR Member Mr. U.D. Bhangale Member Dr.Satyanarayanan R Chakravarthy Member Dr.G.M. Kamath Member

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EFFICYCLE 2019, 1 – 5, OCTOBER 2019, PUNJAB

VEHICLES LINED UP FOR ACTION The 10th season of Efficycle event was successfully conducted power of the motor. Along with the technical inspection static by SAEINDIA Northern Section (SAEINS) from 1st to 5th events like Weight Check, Design Evaluation, Cost Evaluation, October 2019 at Lovely Professional University (LPU), Punjab in Build Quality evaluation, Innovation round and marketing pre- association with Maruti Suzuki (MSIL) and International Centre sentation round were started and teams were judged by the for Automotive Technology (ICAT). The event was held under experts from Automotive industry. Teams who cleared their the convenorship of Mr. Deepak Panda, VP. MSIL; Mr. S. K. Kalia, technical inspection were allowed for the dynamics event like Joint Convener, CBO, ICAT and Mr. Jitendra Singh Gaur, Co- Acceleration test in which a vehicle has to complete 100m, convener, Deputy Manager, ICAT. Teams of engineering students Gradient simulation test in which vehicle has to run with pay- from all over the country were invited to the challenge of design load in the vehicle, drive excellence test in which team has to and fabrication of an energy efficient human powered 3-W complete 1km track only on electric drive. Electric Hybrid vehicle driven by two drivers simultaneously us- Event Highlights for Advanced Format Teams: The technical ing human drive supported with electric drive 600W DC motor. scrutiny was combined with design and technology evaluations. A new static event called “End User Evaluation” was also con- This season was organized as Technological Advancement ducted. The concept of this event was based on the evaluation Season in 2 technical formats namely “Advanced Efficycle of vehicles from customer’s point of view. Teams that completed Format” and “Conventional Efficycle Format”. Advance Efficycle Technical Evaluation participated in dynamic events like Format was introduced from this season to make Efficycle a Acceleration test, Mass pull test and finally Utility Demonstration more user-friendly vehicle so that it can be widely accepted in Event comprising of a specially designed track that included real real-word market for day-to-day mobility applications featuring world traffic and road conditions like potholes, sharp turns, rain Energy Regeneration System, Solar Panel for battery charging, shower, traffic signals, ramps and bumps etc. Li-ion battery, Battery Level Indicator, Implementation of head- nd lamps, brake light, turn indicators, cyclo-computer, USB port for The judges also occupied the 2 rider seat during this test to smartphone charging, power-grip pedals etc. A Total 80 teams evaluate the ride comfort offered by vehicle on this track. On registered including 62 teams for conventional and 18 teams for the final day the teams who cleared the above were allowed to participate in 1.5 hours of endurance race on 2 Km track having advanced format. sharp turns and other difficulties. Endurance was followed by Event Highlights for Conventional Format Teams: All teams the valedictory ceremony and awards of ` 7.50 Lakhs distribut- had appeared for the technical inspection of their vehicles ed among all categories in both Advance and Conventional for- which includes Safety Check in which a technical inspector in- mats. During the valedictory session, the convener acknowl- spected the vehicle as per the rulebook guidelines, Brake Test to edged the support of all sponsors like Indian Oil, Altair, MSC check the brake functioning, Fig of 8 test to check the turning Software, Adams, ATT, PanatechAsia, Aries-TII, CFM etc. radius of the vehicle and electric inspection to check the output

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AWIM REGIONAL OLYMPICS, NOVEMBER & DECEMBER 2019, BENGALURU & NORTH INDIA

ONE OF THE TEAMS IN THE EVENT TRACK AWIM is a teacher- administered, industry volunteer assisted Kurukshetra inaugurated by Mr. U. D Bhangale, Convener in program that brings Science, Technology, Engineering and the presence of Director, JMIT on 18th November 2019 at Math (STEM) education to life in the classroom for students in Radur. A total of 10 teams took part in Jet Toy event while 10 grades 5, 6 and 7. This competition makes them work as a teams took part in the Skimmer event. Highlight of the event team, applying scientific design concepts and exploring the was the Specially Abled School children who took part in this principles of laws of motion, inertia, force, Momentum, fric- event and they were the overall winners of the event. tion, air resistance, jet propulsion, etc. to create moving vehi- NORTH INDIA ZONES 4 & 5: SAEINS AWIM Regional Olympics cles like skimmer and balloon powered jet-Toy cars. The for the Zone 4 and 5 was inaugurated by Chief Guest Dr. Reji AWIM Regional Olympics comprises of Fabrication of Toys; Mathai (IOCL) in the presence of Mr. U. D. Bhangale, Convener; Oral Presentation and Track Events to evaluate parameters Mr. Jitendra Malhotra, Co- Convener & Mr. Anup Kacker, ED - like maximum distance, speed, accuracy, ability to carry SAEINS on 23rd November 2019 at Maruti Suzuki India Limited weight on the toys prepared. (MSIL) Training Workshop. A total of 18 teams each took part in Jet Toy and Skimmer events. NORTH INDIA ZONES 1, 2 & 3: SAEINDIA Northern Section (SAEINS) conducted the AWIM Regional Olympics for the BENGALURU: SAEINDIA Bengaluru Section (SAEIBS) con- Zone 1, 2 of Delhi area & 3 of Ghaziabad inaugurated by ducted the AWIM Regional Olympics on 7th December 2019 at Mr. Jitendra Malhotra, Co- Convener in the presence of Mr. GE Aviation, Bengaluru. From this year onwards AWIM Glider Rakesh Sood & Mr. Anup Kacker both of SAEINS on 8th started initially for grade 7 students. This was a pilot training November 2019 at Maruti Suzuki India Limited (MSIL) Training program to introduce the toy to the students. There were Workshop. A total of 25 teams took part in Jet toy and 24 around 10 schools from different parts of Bengaluru and near- team took part in the Skimmer event. ly 120 participants and 25 industry volunteers from GE Aviation, Continental & TVS. NORTH INDIA ZONES 6: SAEINS conducted the AWIM Regional Olympics for the Zone 6 comprising of Radaur &

MoU SIGNING – SAEINDIA & ACMA, 25 NOVEMBER 2019, PUNE ACMA is the apex body representing the interest of the Indian Component Manufacturers Association (ACMA) on 25th Auto Component Industry. Its membership of over 842 manu- November 2019 at their ACMA Technology Summit in Pune. facturers contributes to more than 85 percent of India’s auto This MoU shall remain operative for five calendar years. component industry’s turnover in the organized sector. ACMA Major clauses of collaboration this MoU are, is an ISO 9001:2008 Certified Association. SAEINDIA has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Automotive • Develop short-term & long-term Design Certification

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DIGNITARIES DURING MoU SIGINING Programs. Both SAEINDIA and ACMA will work together to develop suitable contents of subsidized training programs for • Build e network for exchanging online courses. SAEINDIA and ACMA Centre of Excellence (ACoE). • Receive & conduct joint technical conferences in mobility engineering that will benefit both ACMA & SAEINDIA members.

STPI - MOTION – MOBILITY IN ACTION, 10 DECEMBER 2019, PUNE Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) did a “Soft tion collectively known as “Autonomous, Connected, launch” of “Motion - Mobility in Action” a Centre of Electric & Shared” (ACES) is sweeping the globe. Motion Excellence (CoE) in ACES Mobility to facilitate innovations will provide a holistic ecosystem for encouraging R&D, in- in the areas of emerging automotive technologies in Pune novation, entrepreneurship in the ACES mobility sector in on 10th December 2019. Mr. Sudhir Vaidya, Manager, India. It will host state-of-the-art incubation centre as well SAEINDIA Western Section (SAEIWS) was invited for the as EV, AV Connected & Shared Mobility Labs, and provide event and he attended the event on behalf of SAEINDIA. services like mentoring, training, networking & marketing Simultaneously, the Open Challenge was launched. Motion support, access to the financial resources, IPR and other is established at STPI Pune in association with Ministry of support services. Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), On this occasion Dr. Omkar Rai, Director General, STPI said, Government of Maharashtra, College of Engineering Pune, “Motion will be one-stop facility for development and vali- Tata Motors, Intel, MathWorks, Visteon, Kinetic, ARAI, dation of solution from design to prototype to democratize SAEINDIA, TiE Pune. Motion is the fifth CoE launched by innovation. It also attracts investment and create avenues STPI. for employment generation in the state.” He further added, EV and AV are clearly two major disruptions in the global “With the increasing presence of leading global automo- auto industry. Combined with the new technologies related bile companies and auto ancillary divisions in the country, to shared mobility services and connecting data between the need for innovative solutions in the automotive domain vehicles and their environment, a new automotive revolu- is growing at an unprecedented speed.”

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TEAM SOFT LAUNCH OF MOTION Dr. Ganesh Natarajan, Chairman, 5F World & Chief Mentor I really look forward to this initiative blossoming, taking said, “The establishment of Motion is the biggest leap in our country to greater heights in the future. A wonderful this region for building an ecosystem for start-ups working institution like STPI is taking the lead in nurturing entrepre- in ACES domain. This initiative of STPI to pioneer promo- neurship & innovation in the ACES mobility and I am proud tion of innovative start-ups all over the country is an abso- to lead this initiative.” lute amazing development. As a Chief Mentor for this CoE,

AEROSPACE FORUM 10TH ANNIVERSARY, 16 DECEMBER 2019, BENGALURU

DIGNITARIES ON THE DAIS Our society has completed the first decade in the Former Chairman of Indian Space Research Organisation Aerospace sector. To mark this occasion SAEINDIA has or- (ISRO) graced the occasion as chief guest. He has given an ganized 10th Anniversary Celebrations in Radisson Blu, inspirational speech about “The Importance of Connecting Bengaluru on 16th December 2019. Mr. A. S. Kiran Kumar, Each Other in Space and Aerospace sectors”.

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Our president Dr. Bala K. Bharadvaj who was the chair of the Executive Global Advisor, SAE International who were spe- aerospace forum since its inception until a few years back cially invited to be the part of the celebrations suggested has quoted in his speech that “There is an Urgent need to in their speech time is ripe enough to conduct a compre- expand our SAEINDIA’s professional database in the aero- hensive technical conference similar to that Aero Tech. It is space area”. Mr. Javaji Munirathnam, Chair, Aerospace Forum organized by SAE International in North America based of SAEINDIA currently has moderated the discussion be- aviation event focused on every facet of modern aircraft tween members and leaders of the panel. It was well attend- development to gain the latest technical knowledge in ed by over 40 members mostly of leaders from the Indian commercial, military, general aviation, rotary wing and un- aerospace industry. manned aviation to shape the next generation of aircraft. Dr. David Schutt, CEO, SAE International and Mr. Murli Iyer,

ADVANCE POWERTRAIN - PDP PROGRAM, JANUARY 2019, PUNE & GURUGRAM

WELCOME ADDRESS BY CHAIR, SAEINDIA MPD BOARD AT PUNE With the focus shifting to using alternative fuels, electrifi- were the Indian instructors who handled the program. cation and other modes of power generation applications, Along with them, there were also keynote speeches on ev- as well as a worldwide acceleration in researching and de- ery day at both the locations on Dr. Pradheepram Ottikutti, veloping advanced powertrains for all types of mobility CTO, Cummins; Mr. P. Panda, ED, MSIL; Dr. Sushil Berry, MD, functions, SAEINDIA organized a two-day Professional FEV and Ms. Pamela Tikku, CBO, ICAT. Development Program for the 2nd time at Hotel Ramee The welcome address was given by Mr. Prakash Sardesai, Grand, Pune and at International Centre for Automotive Chair, SAEINDIA Mobility Professional Development Board Technology (ICAT), Manesar, Gurugram during in 6th & 7th (MPDB) in Pune and by Ms. Pamela Tikku, CBO, ICAT in and 9th & 10th January 2020 respectively. Gurugram. The welcome speech was given by Mr. Sanjay Dr. Ingo Steinberg, Vice President, Transmission Systems, Nibandhe, Deputy Director, ARAI & Chairman SAEINDIA FEV Europe GmbH and Prof. Dr. Ajay K. Prasad, Chair of Western section (SAEIWS) in Pune and Dr. Tapan Sahoo, Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware were the Executive Vice President, MSIL and Secretary, SAEINDIA foreign instructors. Dr. Sushil S. Ramdasi, Deputy Director, Northern Section (SAEINS). Mr. N. V. Marathe, Guest of Powertrain Engineering, ARAI; Mr. Rushabh Jariwala, Honor expressed the need for Advances in Powertrain es- Eaton; Dr. Uday Mhaskar, KPIT; Mr. Deepak Agarwal, ICAT pecially in Electric Vehicle and Heavy Electric Vehicles in

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TEAM APT PDP – GURUGRAM Indian Scenario in Pune. ers for developing Electric Drives to replace IC Engines ei- Dr. Ingo Steinberg explained the Global Road Map, latest ther partially (Hybrid) or Fully. These included Stringent facts and trends in electrification, well to wheel analysis, Emission Norms, Fuel Economy, High Specific Power, Low potential segments for electrification and technologies as- Fuel Consumption, Improved NVH, Enhanced Durability, sociated with it, development of strong hybrid as an inter- High Power to Weight Ratio, Depletion of Fossil Fuels etc. mediate option for meeting Euro – VI and beyond till full He then explained briefly about Hybrid EVs (including its electrification, a different thought process and approach various types), EVs and Long term Fuel cells. for implementation of strong hybrids, range extenders and Dr. Ramdasi then discussed about Calibration of series hybrids as an immediate need. Design and develop- Controllers for Electric Drives and Base Vehicle ment process of EV / Strong HEV and FCV during Performance Simulation using CRUISE Algorithm. He ex- front-loading process fundamentals, design and develop- plained details of the Direct Torque Control System (DTC) ment of induction motors, PMSM & BLDC for EV / HEV and and Field Oriented Control System (FOC). Mr. Rushabh FCV applications: Practical and Experimental Approach. Jariwala, Eaton, presented on behalf of Mr. Prasad T from Dr. Ajay Prasad discussed various types of fuel cells and Eaton. He presented the subject related to Electric Vehicles their advantages and disadvantages. He also discussed Heavy Electric Vehicles. He presented on Battery about fuel cells for stationary & automotive applications. Management, BEV Power Electronics, Overview and He informed about various projects on fuel cells at the Challenges, Major Concerns for BEV Safety. He also in- University of Delaware. He then explained in detail about formed about Standards and Regulation Landscape, Key Thermodynamics & Theoretical Efficiency of fuel cells. Dr. Challenges and General Functional Safety Architecture for Prasad explained the pros and cons of PEM, Direct Electric Vehicles and Heavy Electric Vehicles. Dr. Uday Methanol, Solid Oxide type fuel cells. He then explained Mhaskar presented on battery management systems and about production, storage and safety of hydrogen required its advancements in the last few years and road map for as fuel for the fuel cell. batteries in the future. He talked in detail about the Fuel Cell Bus Project at the As the program in Gurugram was conducted on the prem- University of Delaware and the simulation program to vali- ises of ICAT the participants were blessed with the chance date & monitor the performance. Finally, he informed the of visiting the Electricals & Electronics lab, Photometry Lab participants about the latest research in Fuel Cell and Component Test Labs. The participants were awarded Technology viz. Self-Healing Membranes for Fuel Cells and certificates by dignitaries in both the locations followed by Variable Area Ejector for Hydrogen Recirculation. vote of thanks by Mr. Sanjay Nibhande, Chair, SAEIWS in PUNE and Mr. Anup Kacker, Executive Director, SAEINS in Mr. Deepak Agarwal, ICAT spoke about Trends Shaping the Gurugram. Powertrain Development, Automotive Powertrain, optimization of Current ICE Powertrains and Trends Favouring EV Adoption. Dr. Sushil Ramdasi started with discussing driv-

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AIR RACE E – A PIONEERING ELECTRIC AIR RACING SERIES Today, zero-emission flight is closer to reality than ever. Electric and hybrid- electric propulsion is rapidly revolutionising mobility technologies across industries, from automotive to marine. And the aviation industry is no exception. Airbus is committed to developing, building and testing electric and hybrid- electric future technology that will enable the aviation industry to significantly reduce the CO2 emissions of commercial aircraft.

On the path to zero-emission flight mobility vehicles and, eventually, large commercial aircraft. Their goal is to make the technology available to fly a In 2010, Airbus embarked on its electrification journey, de- 100-passenger aircraft based on electric and hybrid-electric veloping the world’s first fully-electric, four-engine aerobatic technology within the 2030s timeframe. aircraft, CriCri. Since then, Airbus has made significant progress in the electrification of flight. Their all-electric, twin pro- Air Race E peller aircraft E-Fan successfully crossed the English Channel The world’s first electric race plane has been unveiled on day in 2015. Vahana, their single-seat electric vertical take-off one at the Dubai Airshow recently, showcasing custom mod- and landing (eVTOL) vehicle demonstrator, has been flight ified technology built by one of the racing teams set to take testing since 2018. CityAirbus, their eVTOL demonstrator part in the inaugural Air Race E event this year. with a four-passenger capacity, successfully conducted its first take-off in May 2019. Both of their eVTOL demonstra- Air Race E, a pioneering electric air racing series headed by tors are undergoing a rigorous and comprehensive flight test international air racing promoter Jeff Zaltman, made history programme to ensure safety and high performance. E-Fan X, when it revealed the plane on display at the airshow, in asso- the successor to E-Fan that is 30 times more powerful than ciation with the series’ Official Founding Partner, Airbus. Air its predecessor, is expected to take its first flight in 2021. For Race E will become the world’s first all-electric airplane race Airbus, their work in electric propulsion aims to drive the when it launches its inaugural series of international races in commercialisation of zero-emission, all-electric urban air 2020. Led by Jeff Zaltman, the race is set to revolutionise air

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racing and to pioneer innovations in electric aviation. Airbus is the Official Founding Partner of Air Race E. How it works Air Race E will follow a format similar to the popular Air Race 1 series of the sport known as formula one air racing. Eight electric-powered airplanes will race directly against each other on a tight 5-km circuit, just 10 metres above the ground, and at speeds faster than any land-based motorsport. Speaking at the unveiling, Air Race E CEO and Founder Jeff Zaltman said, “This is a pivotal moment not only for Air Race E, but for the aviation industry as a whole. Our aim by estab- lishing an electric racing series is to develop a unifying platform for the development of cleaner, faster and more technologically advanced electric aircraft. The racing series will provide a testbed for innovation and accelerate the journey towards electric commercial travel. We’ve now shown it is possible and are on track to again create history when planes like the one on display at the Dubai Airshow take to the skies for the race this year.” Air Race E will be a series of head-to-head international air races, showcasing the skills, expertise and ingenuity of the best pilots and engineers from around the world. Unlike similar racing events which operate on a time trial basis, Air Race E events will see eight planes fly simultaneously around a tight 5km circuit at speeds of up to 450kph – faster than any land-based motorsport. Eight teams to contest inaugural race Eight teams have been announced to contest the world’s first electric air race, Air Race E, in the fall of 2020. The

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teams will make history when they line up on the grid in their custom modified electric race planes, to fly wing-tip- to-wing-tip in what will be a significant milestone for the aviation industry. Jeff Zaltman, asserts the series will be a unifying platform for the development of cleaner, faster and more technologically advanced electric aircraft. The racing series will provide a testbed for innovation and accelerate the journey towards electric commercial travel. The customised electric motors will enable the planes to fly with a max continuous power set at around 150kW, according to the electric formula. Teams will make use of lithium batteries installed under the fuselage of their planes to provide power for five minutes of high intensity racing and around 10 minutes of reserve flying at reduced power. Nikhil Raghavan

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Mobility Engineering spoke to Jeff Zaltman about his inno- industry expertise and insight to make this happen. vation in air racing. Tell us briefly about the technology used in these racing How many hours of test flying has gone into perfecting machines. Are there standby machines for each team? the aircrafts which will be used for the Air Race E? Please Teams are starting with the formula one class of air race briefly explain the salient features of the tests and the plane, so they will look very similar to those models in the findings. first instance. But there is a wide scope for them to be de- We’re expecting teams to conduct their first test flights as veloped in many different ways, looking at the fuselage early as July this year. There are certain teams that are fur- design and the powertrain engineering. ther through the build process than others and we expect The official rules have baselined 150kW electric motors, to be in a position to announce the world’s first electric whereas only the most highly tuned internal combustion race airplane flight in a matter of months. engines (ICE) in this class can output that much power. At How did you first conceive this sporting activity, consid- this high power level, electric motors should be much ering that you had put in so much into Air Race 1? And, more reliable than the highly-stressed old style engines have you done all the tests with only Airbus? and this will promote closer, more competitive racing. The idea was largely industry-driven. Having already es- What is the status of Air Race 1, especially after Red Bull tablished Air Race 1, a fuel powered formula one air racing has pulled out? series, I was approached by a number of independent We plan to continue Air Race 1 and will be announcing our electric airplane manufacturers who wanted a platform to next event in due course. showcase their products and trial their technology. I soon saw the potential for a series that was wide open to all The teams are as follows: manufacturers and we were really the only ones in a posi- Team Beta Technologies Racing (USA); Team Leader: Kyle tion to get such a competition off the ground. Clark There is so much interest and dialogue about combating Team Outlaw (Canada); Team Leader: Scott Holmes climate change at present that the prospect of an electric Team Scramasaxe (France); Team Leader: Eric de Barberin- air racing series with potential commercial applications is Barberini really attractive to not only industry, but to government and the wider public. The way I see it, there is no better Team Möbius (USA); Team Leader: Carl Copeland time for Air Race E. Team Hangar-1 (Germany); Team Leader: Adrian Schmer Airbus is our Official Founding Partner so is not directly Team Allways Air Racing (USA); Team Leader: Casey involved in aircraft testing at this stage. We’re working to- Erickson gether to create a mainstream platform in which innovation in electric propulsion can be developed, nurtured, and Team NL (Netherlands); Team Lead: Rick Boerma accelerated more rapidly. Airbus is supplying us with the Team Condor Racing (UK); Team Leader: Martyn Wiseman.

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INTERVIEW WITH MR. A. S. KIRAN KUMAR, FORMER CHAIRMAN, ISRO, WHO GRACED SAEINDIA’S AEROSPACE FORUM’S TENTH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATIONS It has been a decade since ration, exploitation, mining on asteroids and other planets and the formation of the these are turning into serious efforts. Space tourism is another Aerospace Board within the area that is fast catching up. The government agencies are SAEINDIA organisational set- more focussed on societal services like weather forecasts for up. For more professional and public and agriculture sectors, climate change studies, recon- effective reasons, the Board naissance activities etc. has been renamed as How much private enterprise participation will be encour- Aerospace Forum which, in aged by the government agencies? recent times have spearhead- ed many interesting initiatives Several private enterprises are making rapid space in the FF. in the realm of space technology. Interestingly, 2019 also Abroad, people like Elon Musk has launched several initiatives. marked the 24th Anniversary of SAEINDIA. Many licenses have been accorded to private companies to explore outside the earth. Within India too, newer companies The year-long celebrations were kicked off at Bengaluru’s are getting into Launch Vehicle technologies. But, one of the Radisson Blu Atria on December 16, 2019. The start of the new key issues is that, it is the country’s liability if something un- decade will see a series of Aerospace Eminent Lectures and toward happens in the realm of the FF. Technical events as well as coming together of professionals from private and government agencies and companies to fur- In India, what ISRO has done and demonstrated is that we ther explore the realm. have the technology and capability. The issue is that of capacity. To take advantage of the technology and capability and be The inaugural ceremony was graced by Dr. David Schutt, CEO a participant in commercial activities, we need the capacity. of SAE International; Mr. Murli Iyer, Global Executive Advisor of ISRO is putting together a consortium to address this area. The SAE International; Dr. Bala K. Bharadvaj, SAEINDIA President bottom line is that India has to get a significant chunk of the and MD of Boeing Engineering & Technology Center and sever- pie in the commercial activities of space – in broadcasting, al professionals and executives from the Indian Aerospace in- navigation, remote sensing, exploration etc. dustry. Prominent among them was Mr. A. S. Kiran Kumar, Former Chairman of ISRO. How has India’s successes in exploring the Fourth Frontier helped the common man? SAEINDIA’s Mobility Engineering magazine spoke to the elo- quent and knowledgeable Space Scientist, before the evening’s There have been very interesting uses of the technology pro- deliberations started. vided by aerospace industry. In Mangalore, an experiment to use positioning technology has already borne fruit. A gadget Mr. Kiran Kumar joined ISRO’s Space Applications Centre was fitted into some autorickshaws to monitor their move- (SAC) in 1975. In March 2012, he became the Director of SAC. ment, continuously for a month. It tracks the locations and ar- Kiran Kumar was awarded the Padma Shri in 2014. He became eas that the vehicle plies and the data gathered by the gadget Chairman of ISRO in 2015 and retired from service in January is collected and analysed. The result shows the extent of expo- 2018. sure and coverage an advertisement placed inside and outside What do you envisage will be the developments in the the vehicle, to the user of the autorickshaw as well as to the Aerospace industry in the coming decade 2020-2030? general public. Based on this, the autorickshaw gets a TRP rat- ing and is compensated by the advertiser accordingly. The space arena or domain is called the Fourth Frontier (FF). Initially, only government agencies were carrying on space The advertiser, advertising agency, service provider have all programs. In the recent past, the FF has provided opportuni- used the positioning information on a continuous basis and ties for space exploration and exploitation, tourism and now, this gets monetised for commercial purposes. Positioning in- more and more private industries and entrepreneurs are get- formation also helps truck owners in monitoring their move- ting into the business, as they did in the other three Frontiers ments, especially in logistics, mining etc. – land, air and sea. Nikhil Raghavan Now, several opportunities are being provided for space explo-

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BOEING-BUILT SATELLITE TO OFFER GREATER ASIA- PACIFIC COVERAGE Two satellite payloads aboard Boeing’s 702 satellite platform will provide internet access to underserved regions.

A Boeing-built satellite called JCSAT-18/Kacific1 will provide education, government ser- affordable internet access and other communications services vices, businesses, and disaster to underserved parts of Asia and the Pacific islands. relief. Its services will stimu- late economic growth and The satellite launched on December 16, 2019 from Cape provide greater access to the Canaveral, Florida will enter service several weeks after on-or- internet. bit tests and moving to its final geostationary orbit position over the Asia-Pacific region. Built on Boeing’s 702 satellite The satellite features technol- platform, JCSAT-18/Kacific1 has two separate payloads for two ogies in the power subsystem customers, SKY Perfect JSAT of Tokyo and Kacific Broadband to achieve highest efficiencies, Satellites Group of Singapore. The satellite will deliver internet and it also features command services to a potential market comprising hundreds of millions Christian Patouraux and data handling technolo- of people in more than 25 countries, including remote islands gies to provide a more secure spacecraft. Boeing has built 13 in the Pacific and the far eastern part of Russia. satellites, including two high-throughput satellites, for SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation and its predecessors since the 1980s. “JCSAT-18/Kacific1 is going to make a difference in the lives of millions of people throughout the Asia Pacific region,” says Christian Patouraux, CEO and founder, Kacific Broadband Chris Johnson, president, Boeing Satellite Systems Satellites Group (Kacific) says, “High-speed, affordable con- International. “We are proud to support SKY Perfect JSAT and nectivity is the foundation to all digital applications today. In Kacific as they seek to bring positive change through connec- busy cities, we take it for granted. However there are millions tivity in regions that have been traditionally underserved.” of unconnected communities who could benefit immensely JCSAT-18/Kacific1 is the 13th satellite Boeing has built for SKY from an affordable internet connection. With Kacific1, we ad- Perfect JSAT and the first satellite built for Kacific. dress the barriers to connectivity such as difficult geography, high cost and quality of service. Our proposition to the market Kacific1 is a next-generation geostationary satellite operating is simple: we offer quick and affordable internet connectivity in the Ka-band frequency spectrum. Its 56 high-throughput through next-generation satellite technology. spot beams will place capacity over selected regions in South East Asia and the Pacific Islands. Deployed to a geostationary “Satellite is an excellent technology to connect rural and re- orbital position above Asia Pacific, Kacific1 will transmit to mote populations. In particular, the Kacific1 satellite provides state of-the-art gateways, designed and built by Kratos. coverage over large parts of Nepal and Myanmar. In Myanmar, Kacific1 will connect previously unserved or under-served pop- around 25% of the population of 60 million have access to in- ulations with affordable, high-speed broadband for healthcare, ternet. Of Nepal’s 28 million people, only around 20% use in-

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ternet. Communities living in smaller townships in these moun- broadband access at an affordable cost using robust tech- tainous regions are not viably connected with a ground-based nologies and an agile business model. Founded in 2013 by a network – the cost per mile for laying fibre is too expensive core team of senior satellite professionals, Kacific is backed and the fibre could be exposed in many areas. For a low set by a group of investors with experience in global telecom- up cost for a satellite terminal plus simple modem, and on- munications and infrastructure. Their first Ka-band high going low bandwidth costs, telecommunications companies throughput satellite, Kacific1, launched in 2019 to stream and internet service providers in these countries could sup- high-speed, low-cost, ultra-reliable broadband to rural and ply internet for vital applications such as healthcare, educa- suburban areas of the Pacific and South East Asia. tion, social services and disaster relief.” Kacific is a wholesale business selling to telecommunications Mission Overview operators, internet service providers, governments and other Falcon 9’s first stage for the JCSAT-18/Kacific1 mission previ- service providers. Kacific coverage includes areas of North- ously supported the CRS-17 mission in May 2019 and the West India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal, and most of CRS-18 mission in July 2019. Following stage separation, Indonesia and The Philippines. SpaceX will land Falcon 9’s first stage on the “Of Course I With SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation as the core operating Still Love You” droneship, which will be stationed in the company, the SKY Perfect JSAT Group is engaged in busi- Atlantic Ocean. Approximately 45 minutes after lift-off, nesses that leverage their strengths as a hybrid enterprise SpaceX’s two fairing recovery vessels, “Ms. Tree” and “Ms. with both Space Business and Media Business. Chief,” will attempt to recover the two fairing halves. As the leading satellite operator in the Asia-Pacific region, Falcon 9 is a two-stage rocket designed and manufactured their Space Business offers a wide range of satellite commu- by SpaceX for the reliable and safe transport of satellites and nications. Aiming for broader business field, they also em- the Dragon spacecraft into orbit. Falcon 9 is the first orbital barked on a drone business which would provide new-space class rocket capable of reflight. SpaceX believes rocket reus- related service. With the data available from such unique ability is the key breakthrough needed to reduce the cost of infrastructure, they are expanding the business field to geo- access to space and enable people to live on other planets. spatial business. Falcon 9 was designed from the ground up for maximum In their Media Business, they operate multi-channel satellite reliability. Falcon 9’s simple two-stage configuration mini- broadcasting TV platform “SKY PerfecTV!” in Japan. mizes the number of separation events -- and with nine first- Catering to subscribers’ choice, they offer several viewing stage engines, it can safely complete its mission even in the transmission paths like internet and optical fibre lines, and of event of an engine shutdown. course, communications satellites.

Kacific and SKY Perfect JSAT Nikhil Raghavan Kacific is a next-generation broadband satellite operator who are committed to providing universal, fast, high-quality

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VISION 2030 – COMPLETE TRANSITION TO EVS: ADOPTION, DEPLOYMENT, OTHER CHALLENGES On-demand services and features provide secure, Connected-Car Services and Lifecycle Management, allowing for vehicle to update and upgrade throughout their product lifecycle. Electric vehicles (EV) have been on Indian roads for around Dr. Arunkumar Sampath two decades. However, the conscious, visible movement to- Chief Engineer and Head wards e-mobility began earlier this decade, as auto-rickshaws transitioned to e-rickshaws in 2012 in some metro cit- Innovation, ies as part of the government’s initiative to ensure cleaner Global Technology Centre, mobility in last mile connectivity. The focus on e-mobility is Mahindra Electric Mobility much stronger and is happening at a faster pace. The gov- Limited & MC Member and ernment is facilitating a move towards EVs, supporting it not Chairman, Branding & only with various policies and norms, but also with favour- Communications Board, able tax incentives and subsidies. SAEINDIA There are concerns over the transition from petrol/die- cles, and the populace is familiar with its operations and po- sel-powered vehicles to EVs. However, the sales of EVs is tential costs. EVs mark a transformation not just in vehicle slowly garnering speed, contrary to popular belief. The Rs type but also in lifestyle. There are concerns over the viabili- 10,000 crore push through the FAME II scheme and lower ty of EVs across different geographical areas and lack of taxes on EVs & components and tax deduction on loans tak- charging infrastructure support. This is already being ad- en to purchase EVs have set the ball rolling, in terms of poli- dressed by the Union and State governments, via direct gov- cy facilitations. ernment initiatives or public-private partnerships to set up charging stations. India, the largest two-wheeler market in the world, sells around 2.5 crore vehicles annually, of which two-wheelers The focus is currently towards launching e-mobility solutions comprise 78 %, unlike European and American regions, for the community, which ensures that the required infra- where cars form the bulk of sales. The country also relies structure is in place as the populace begins to adopt this heavily on public modes of transport, which the government solution. Increased usage of EVs on roads will demand high- wants to leverage with increased electrification in the shift er electricity generation and this would require power load towards e-mobility. These factors are critical in the e-mobili- balancing and renewable energy sources to make them a ty shift. greener and sustainable alternative. This would require a strong grid and charging infrastructure as well as a sizeable Two-wheelers, three-wheelers and buses will be at the fore- R&D investment. The government under its FAME II scheme front of the EV transformation, thus paving the way for has earmarked ` 1,000 cr to set up a charging infrastructure awareness about cleaner modes of transportation, reduced network across cities. air pollution, customer acceptance, and charging infrastructure development. The wide-scale adoption of EVs will also Proposals to incentivise users to charge EVs during non- lead to a shift in the way we perceive mobility, with densely peak hours are being considered by offering reduced tariffs populated cities such as those in India additionally promot- during such times of the day. The Power Ministry has laid out ing shared EV mobility and increasing the potential for de- guidelines and listed cities that offer the most favourable veloping islands of sustainability in our cities. environment to move towards EVs. These are cities with high pollution levels and headcount exceeding four million resi- CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT dents. The list includes Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bengaluru, India is a cost-conscious market that requires a strong rec- Kolkata, Surat, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad and Pune. ommendation through cost-benefit analysis and total cost of BATTERY TECHNOLOGY ownership to move to a new technology such as EVs. For decades, Indians have been used to fossil fuel-powered vehi- The second big challenge is the battery – in terms of range

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SPECIAL EXTEND BEARING LIFE Feature

and cost. While considerable R&D has been conducted on component suppliers, we can expect a newer range of firms the battery technology, the most popular material still re- developing to service the needs of the nascent EV industry. mains lithium-ion – a limited, expensive resource. A battery With the EV industry being a constantly evolving one, tech- forms the biggest cost factor in an EV, posing a barrier to its nologically innovative and agile start-ups with innovative adoption. This is further complicated by the fact that the business models will find themselves ample opportunities to technology or the battery itself is imported, thus adding to establish, grow and contribute to the advancement of EVs in the EV cost. India. Earlier this year, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) an- The EV industry would also need considerable upskilling of nounced a joint venture to manufacture lithium-ion batteries the current workforce and training new generations to sup- in India, which could help reduce the price. The Indian Space plement the transition. Relevant courses in colleges and uni- Research Organisation (ISRO) is also conducting knowledge versities and on-the-job training in organisations should be transfer about its lithium-ion technology to as many as 10 undertaken to ensure upskilling the existing and incoming companies. ISRO’s Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) has automotive workforce. developed and qualified lithium-ion cells of capacities rang- Another hurdle posing the EV transformation is that India ing from 1.5 Ah to 100 Ah to be used in satellites and launch has recently adopted Bharat Standard VI (BS VI) emission vehicles. The knowledge transfer will help develop more effi- norms to bring us on par with the European emission stan- cient batteries that can be produced at a lower cost and dards. Therefore, automotive companies in India have been manufactured locally. regulating the vehicles to meet the norms. Manufacturers, NITI Aayog hopes to promote ‘Make in India’, where EVs therefore, will have to invest additional money and working along with its components are manufactured in India. Its hours in EVs now, while the Return on Investment (ROI) from proposal to set up a ‘Giga-factory’ battery cell manufactur- BS VI is yet to be realised. ing is a step in the right direction and will help reduce our While smart solutions are promoting the adoption of EVs in dependence on other countries for our future needs. India, the sector is in dire need of rigid push from the gov- SINGLE-TURN WAVE SPRINGS Meanwhile, Indian start-ups are also experimenting with vari- ernment and innovation for ease in doing business. EVs are a ous materials to develop more efficient, cost-effective tech- great adoption in conserving the ecosphere for forthcoming nologies for the future. generations and will prove to be beneficial for the Indian populace. CROSS-COUNTRY DEPLOYMENT REDUCE MINIMIZE ELIMINATE Axial and radial play Thermal misalignment and wear Noise and vibration The process of creating a manufacturing EV ecosystem in LOOKING TO 2030 the country will itself be a challenge for OEMs. To balance The question would still remain – will India achieve 100 % the demand from switching over to BS VI-compliant conven- electrification in its auto industry by 2030? There are various tional vehicles and the upcoming demand for migration to challenges to achieve that goal, some currently known and EVs, automakers need to decide between developing a new others unforeseen. However, we are at the cusp of one of the platform for EVs and modifying existing platforms available greatest transformations of the automotive industry across from conventional vehicles to meet the requirement. the world. Electric mobility will pave the way towards further Adopting existing platforms could be more economical, but transformations and Intelligent Transportation Systems – the same might compromise on range, EV component pack- leading to autonomous mobility. aging, dynamic performance, interior space and comfort. It sets the stage to develop and implement more technolo- The emphasis should be on reducing development costs gies that will create safer, faster, and more efficient transport while ensuring safety, performance and range. We would systems, while changing the way we perceive transport. The need India-specific methods of optimal integration of plat- Single-Turn Overlap-Type groundwork done today would have a keen impact on the forms, battery packs, thermal management systems and pace we progress towards further transformations. Single-Turn Gap-Type electric drives. Dr. Arunkumar Sampath Similarly, component makers will have to adapt simultaneously and work closely with OEMs to provide necessary sup- (The article first appeared in the December 2019 edition of Auto Tech Review magazine. Re-published with permission port to make this transition and to achieve the government’s Free Samples on over 150 sizes in stock from the magazine.) proposed deadlines for the EV switch. Along with traditional Call (847) 719-5900, or visit expert.smalley.com/SAE/Bearing 18 MARCH 2020 MOBILITY ENGINEERING

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TESLA BREAKS NEW GROUND WITH AN ELECTRIC PICKUP TRUCK Designed to resemble a moon-lander and a space utility vehicle, the Cybertruck is Elon Musk’s statement to the automotive world that Tesla is not limited to cars alone. hicles and renewable energy generation and storage systems. At the heart of these products are batteries. Tesla has seen enormous demand for energy products and electric vehicles. Today, there are more than 350,000 Tesla vehicles on the roads worldwide, and we’ve installed over 1 GWh of energy storage across the globe. The Gigafactory was born out of necessity and will supply enough batteries to support Tesla’s projected demand. In mid-2018, battery production at Gigafactory 1 reached an annualized rate of roughly 20 GWh, making it the highest-volume battery plant in the world. Tesla currently produces more batteries in terms of kWh than all other carmak- ers combined. With the Gigafactory ramping up production, Tesla’s cost of battery cells will significantly decline through Elon Musk is the face of Tesla, but it was originally founded economies of scale, innovative manufacturing, reduction of in 2003 by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning. Following waste, and the simple optimization of locating most manu- a Series A funding, the duo was joined by Elon Musk, J. B. facturing processes under one roof. Straubel and Ian Wright and the collective of five of them Nikhil Raghavan came to be known as co-founders of the path-breaking company. It is a known fact that the company was named as a tribute to Nikola Tesla (1856-19430, a Serbian-American in- Vehicle Specs: ventor, electrical and mechanical engineer and a futurist, best known for his contributions to the design of the modern Range: 500+ miles Alternating Current electrical supply system. 0-60 mph acceleration: <2.9 seconds Known as a technology company and independent automak- Towing capacity: More than 14,000 lbs er, aimed at offering electric cars at affordable prices to the Payload: Up to 3,500 lbs average consumer Tesla also makes solar panels, power packs, batteries through highly sophisticated plants such as Vault length: 6.5 feet SolarCity, Tesla Factory and Gigafactory near Reno, Nevada. Storage capacity: 100 cubic feet of exterior, lockable Tesla’s current automotive models include Model S, Model X, storage including the vault, frunk, and sail pillars. Model 3 and the forthcoming Model Y, Roadster, Cybertruck and Semi. Suspension: 4” in either direction Cybertruck Touchscreen size: 17” Cybertruck is designed to have the utility of a truck and the Body: Ultra-Hard 30X Cold-Rolled stainless steel. If performance of a sports car. The vehicle is built to be dura- there was something better, we’d use it. ble, versatile and capable, with exceptional performance Seating capacity: Up to six adults both on-road and off-road. Cybertruck will come in three Charging: Can be charged at home, at Destination variants: Single Motor Rear-Wheel Drive, Dual Motor All- Charging locations, and with our network of more Wheel Drive, and Tri Motor All-Wheel Drive. than 14,000 Superchargers, including on our newest Gigafactory V3 technology, which is helpful for long hauls and Tesla’s mission is to accelerate the world’s transition to sus- towing. tainable energy through increasingly affordable electric ve-

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iTEC INDIA 3RD EDITION AT BENGALURU FOCUSSED ON “E-MOBILITY SOLUTIONS FOR COMMUNITY” The third edition of the International Transportation Electrification Conference (iTEC) India, which was recently organised at Bengaluru focussed on the theme of “e-Mobility Solutions for Community” The three-day conference deliberated on how the industry can transition from conventional internal combustion engine vehicles to advanced electrified vehicles. iTEC India 2019 covered topics concerning components, systems, standards and grid interface technologies, which are all related to efficient power conversion for all types of electrified transportation. Discussions and solutions at the conference were directed towards the establishment of electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and plug- in hybrid electric vehicles as well as heavy duty, rail and off-road.

INAUGURATION OF INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION CONFERENCE (ITEC) 2019 INAUGURAL SESSION President, SAEINDIA, welcomed the gathering. “The industry should change e-mobility to “we-mobility” to enhance work- The lighting of the lamp by various dignitaries marked the ing together and keep the environment in mind by leaving official opening of the conference, which saw the participa- little residue while creating mobility solutions,” he opined. tion of delegates representing various sectors of the automotive ecosystem. Dr. Bala K. Bharadvaj, Managing Director, The welcome address was followed by a presentation on Boeing India Engineering & Technology Centre, and genesis of iTEC by Dr. Aravind Bharadwaj, CTO, Mahindra &

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INTERACTIVE PANEL DISCUSSION ON ELECTRIC VEHICLE (EV) - BOON OR BANE FOR AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Mahindra, who offered an overview about the history of hanced adoption of e-mobility solutions. iTEC in India, covering the last two editions of the confer- The Guest of Honour at the inauguration of iTEC India ence. He observed that e-mobility has progressed exten- 2019 was Dr. Guenter Fraidl, Senior Vice-President, sively, and the choice of Bengaluru as the location of this Powertrain Systems, AVL. He presented e-mobility solu- edition of iTEC was due to its technology ecosystem for tions for the community and said that the auto industry IT, software and electro mobility. “The conference is also can expect more change over the next five years than the being organised to try and impact the overall e-mobility preceding five years. “Challenges come in the form of re- policy framework in the country,” he stated. quirement of air quality, increasing oil import bills, high Dr. David Schutt, CEO, SAE International; Georges Zissis, cost and complexity of battery electric vehicles, and CO2 President, IEEE IAS, and Dr. Veeranna SH, Managing lifecycle requirements,” he noted. “A comprehensive sus- Director, Karnataka Trade Promotional Organisation also tainability is much more than just ‘tank-to-wheel’ CO2, spoke on the occasion. Accentuating the need for the in- and in the Indian context the adoption of a technology dustry to focus on the future of mobility, Dr. Schutt said, mix may be the future. The future of the internal combus- “Mobility is transforming radically from the automobile as tion engine (ICE) can be dubbed ‘ICE 4.0’ that is ful- well as from the traditional discipline of powertrain. The ly-networked and makes the best of energy manage- focus is on creating mobility with zero congestion, acci- ment,” said Dr. Fraidl. The key challenge for e-mobility is dents and fatality, with technology being the driving the balance of sustainability and affordability, with poten- force for millions of dollars investments.” Conferences like tial in India arising from 2-wheelers and 3-wheelers over iTEC will shape the future actions required in the devel- passenger vehicles. He concluded that electrification is opment of future mobility, he noted. Meanwhile, Georges the future, but it is much more than battery electric vehi- Zissis, President, IEEE IAS was of the view that mobility cles. needs to be respected along with that of the environment Mr. Prashanth Doreswamy, Head, Continental India and and added that discussions around smart systems are re- Managing Director, Continental Automotive India presid- quired for mobility. Dr. Veeranna highlighted the steps ed over the inaugural session as the chief guest. He pre- undertaken by the state of Karnataka towards the en- sented an industry perspective on the future of mobility.

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He talked about 2030 and future mobility with regards to related to the Indian EV Industry. The first forum focussed safety, efficiency, comfort, social inclusion and accessibili- on the topic ‘Electric Vehicle – Boon or Bane for the ty. In terms of the future of the powertrains, Doreswamy Automotive Industry?’, while the second focussed on said 2025 will see the final development of combustion ‘Sustainable Mobility Solutions – Affordable Technology engines, and after 2030, he expects production to begin Enablers’ was moderated by Mr. Deepangshu Dev on the final generation of these engines. “The combustion Sarmah, Editor-in-Chief, Auto Tech Review. technology will be phased out after 2040 and 2050 will The exposition featured 25 stalls from various companies, see CO2-free cities,” he stated. Community help will be who showcased pioneering, cutting-edge solutions for required for technology & R&D, building expertise, legis- e-mobility. iTEC India 2019 also included a ‘Ride & Drive’ lation and schemes as well in cost optimisation. session, showcasing a 48 V hybrid engine by Valeo, which The conference included three Plenary Sessions with emi- offered an experiential demonstration to delegates of the nent industry members such as Mr. Mahesh Babu, CEO, conference. Mahindra Electric, Mr. P. K. Banerjee, Executive Director, Preceding the event, iTEC India also hosted a Hackathon SIAM; Mrs. Rashmi Urdhwareshe, Director, ARAI; Prof. to address the issue of moving towards electrified mobili- Ashok Jhunjhunwala, IIT Madras; Mr. Matthias Brendel, ty, which featured 90 applicants addressing six critical Global Vice President, Electrification, AVL; Dr. Zed Tang, problem solutions. The winning team of the Hackathon Global Solution Architect, ANSYS; Dr. Arunkumar was ‘Praxians,’ from Government College of Technology, Sampath, Chief Engineer and Head Innovation, Mahindra Coimbatore, which presented a solution for the problem Electric; Dr. Tomy Sebastian, IPP, IEEE IAS; Mr. Steven statement – ‘Making Energy Efficient EVs of the future.’ Dom, Automotive Solution Manager, Siemens PLM, The team was awarded a cash prize of ` 1 lakh, while the Belgium; Mr. Greg Harris, Global Leader for Electrification, runner-up team was Team ‘Safety First’ from Mahindra HORIBA MIRA, Germany; Mr. C.P Vyas, President- Electric, who took home a cash prize of ` 50,000. The Electrification Business, ABB India; Mr. Martin Murray, winner and the runner-up team were also given an op- CTO, Mahindra Electric; and Mr. Guillaume Gerondeau - portunity to present their solutions during the confer- Vice-President Global Dassault Systems, Tokyo. ence. EVENT FOCUS The Valedictory session on 19th December was marked by The participation of engineering service providers and excellent presentation from Mr. Mahesh Babu, Chair, component manufacturers enabled the attendees to Steering Committee and the Valedictory address was de- grasp the level of technology available for vehicle electri- livered by Mr. Damodaran, Managing Director of Safran fication in the Indian scenario, as well as next generation Engineering Services Ltd. on flying cars in the crowded innovations on offer. The focus was essentially on creat- cities and emerging revolution in city transportation. Mr. ing future transportation solutions around e-mobility that D. Seshadri, Executive Director, SAEINDIA proposed a would be sustainable and affordable. This especially holds hearty Vote of Thanks. good in a market like India that is highly price sensitive. CONCLUSION Challenges in the form of environmental, infrastructural While companies showcased various tools, solutions and and investment conditions, and limitations are aplenty technologies for the development of vehicle electrifica- and unique to the sub-continent. Therefore, frugal engi- tion, a common factor that was discussed was the collab- neering combined with building global competency levels orative work that needs to be carried out between the for e-mobility development is of utmost importance. engineering and various other teams of an organisation. There was unanimity among various participants that a The future of mobility globally as well as for India will be more collaborative, open and agile form of overall electric electrified, with the question being what type of electrifi- vehicle development along with mind-set change of cation is to be considered for adoption. While pure bat- teams within organisations to work together is integral. tery EVs may be the route for two-wheelers, three-wheel- Over 120 technical papers were presented on various top- ers and buses, other forms of transportation may consid- ics related to the electrification of mobility, in addition to er hybridisation systems. three plenary sessions moderated by eminent industry D. Seshadri, Executive Director, SAEINDIA personalities and two Leadership Forums on key topics

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A WORLD IN MOTION

TEAM - AWIM 2019. A World In Motion - AWIM is a teacher-administered, indus- trained by 2706 volunteers and 1,25,713 students impacted try volunteer-assisted program designed mainly to bring sci- through National Event. ence, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) edu- The 12th AWIM National Olympics 2019 was organized by cation to life for students in the age range of 9 to 15 years. SAEINDIA Southern Section (SAEISS) under convenorship of STEM is a curriculum based on the idea of educating stu- Mr. Ganesh Adiga of Mahindra Research Valley, Chennai at dents in the four specific disciplines, in an interdisciplinary Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and applied approach. Rather than teaching the four disci- and Technology, Avadi, Chennai. The two-day event was held plines as separate and discrete subjects, STEM integrates on December 21 and 22, 2019 with the theme of “Shaping them into a cohesive learning. Future Mobility”. The students are provided with a kit containing raw materi- A total of 84 teams comprising of 332 students, 178 volun- als to build toys, such as Skimmer, Jet Toy, Glider, Straw teers and teachers from 40 regions participated in the Rocket etc. The Society of Automobile Engineers (SAE) National Olympics 2019. International provides the curriculum, while SAEINDIA has The Event was inaugurated by, Dr. Soundararajaperumal, been implementing this program in schools across the coun- Executive Director – in Charge, Tamilnadu Science & try. The future of the automotive industry in India will ulti- Technology Centre, Birla Planetarium on December 21, 2019. mately depend on its young engineers who need to display a During his speech he appreciated the young children for firm grasp on scientific and engineering concepts. their hard efforts for reaching the AWIM National Olympics. Mahindra with SAE introduced AWIM in India in the year His speech was simple and yet thought provoking. He 2007. What started as a humble competition in 2007, now showed a path to the young minds on how to become a sci- has become a giant event covering over 100 Indian districts, entist like A.P.J Abdul Kalam and other renowned scholars of with about 2000 schools and touching the lives of about our nation like Sir. C. V. Raman, Srinivasa Ramanujan and 3,00,000 students in India alone annually. This event covers Subramanian Chandrasekhar. He motivated the children say- 5th and 6th standard students (4 in a team) for the Skimmer ing, “If you want become a scientist, children, I won’t tell you and Jet Toy Competition respectively. Regional Level events to learn math and science, but I would ask you to learn the are being conducted across India by industry volunteers and life histories of the scientists that took them to that position. the winners from each region competes in the National You must not get distracted from your goals.” Event. The Valedictory function on December 22 was honoured by Since 2007 AWIM got expanded to 40 Regions all over India Prof. Dr. Sudha Seshayyan, Vice-Chancellor, The Tamilnadu where in 1655 Schools have participated, 2901 teachers are Dr.M.G.R. Medical University and Dr. Bala K. Bharadvaj,

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President, SAEINDIA and Managing Director, Boeing Engineering and Technology Center India. In her valedictory address, Dr. Sudha, eloquently distin- guished the terms science and technology and the importance of the applicability of the concepts of science by the future generation. She pointed out the advantages and significance of STEM based learning for young children which will shape the future mobility. She urged the teachers to provide ample opportunity to the students and channelize the children for a better world. Dr. Bala K Bharadvaj narrated a small story which explained that the basics of science and principles remains same in the universe over the ages and it is the technology and application that differs. ONE OF THE TRACKS OF THE EVENT. Based on the results of Track Testing and Presentation, more Jet Toy - Smt. Saraswati Gulabrao Patil Prathamik Vidyalaya, than 15 Category of awards were given to the Jet Toy and Nashik Skimmer teams. And the overall winners of National One more unique fact of this year’s National Olympics was Olympics 2019 were: the introduction of “The Glider Challenge” for 7th Standard Skimmer - Vana Vani Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Students. Around 12 teams participated this Olympics as a IIT Chennai. friendly competition.

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BAJA SAEINDIA 2020 – BREAKING CONVENTIONS

BAJA SAEINDIA is an educational pursuit for the engineer- SAEINDIA 2020, out of which 173 teams were shortlisted for ing college students, an out-of-classroom education system, the Pithampur event for both mBAJA & eBAJA. 120 mBAJA where engineering students from all over India can partici- teams and 53 eBAJA teams participated in the event. In both pate as a team to design, analyze, fabricate and validate an the cases the teams have to undergo Technical Inspection, all-terrain vehicle which gives them a pragmatic exposure to Static Evaluation such as Design, Cost & Sales Presentation real world challenges as faced in the industry. This 13th edi- and Dynamic Events such as Acceleration, Sledge Pull, tion of BAJA SAEINDIA 2020 is with the theme “BREAKING Suspension & Traction and Maneuverability in sequence. CONVENTIONS” which celebrates the passion, hard work Finally the endurance round of 2 hours for eBAJA and 4 and perseverance of the budding engineers who start their hours for mBAJA events was held on 25th and 26th January journey from scratch and traverse throughout the year to 2020 respectively and on the final day it was followed by turn their dreams into reality. prize distribution. This is the 1st leg of 13th edition which was held at the Overall Winners National Automotive Testing and Research & Development mBAJA Infrastructure Project (NATRIP) facility at Pithampur near Indore, from 22nd to 26th of January 2020 followed by HR D Y Patil College of Engineering, Akurdi / Team Predators meet on 27th & 28th January 2020. It is of two events, Racing. namely, mBAJA & eBAJA where the 1st is the conventional eBAJA BAJA and the 2nd is the concept of electric driven BAJA Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women (Autonomous)/ ATV`s to lay emphasis on “Electrical Mobility”. About 283 Team E-Ziba Racers. entries were received for the virtual round for BAJA

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TIFAN 2020 WILL BE HELD AT MPKV RAHURI FROM MARCH 19 TO 21, 2020

The Technology Innovation Forum for Agricultural Nurturing which 42 teams qualified. – TIFAN 2020 theme is “Self-propelled Onion Harvester”. Selected teams in Virtual TIFAN, will fabricate vehicles for SAEINDIA’s ‘Off-highway Forum’ is very happy to initiate this Main event – TIFAN SAEINDIA will be put through a series of competition targeted to solve the farming challenges using evaluations at the event and in the months preceding the mechanized solutions. It provides platform for connecting event. The evaluation at the event comprises of various the bright and prosperous engineering talent available in the Static and Dynamic Tests. Apart from the evaluation at the country with the real-life challenges of agriculture sector. site teams are also required to prepare a Cost Report and Through this program students from engineering and agri- Design Report. Detailed information regarding the cultural colleges across India will participate in providing in- above-mentioned tests is available in the Rules (visit https:// novative solution towards product design & development www.saeindia.org/tifan/). challenge. This competition is open to students from graduate engi- In 2010, Off-Highway Forum was established to cater to the neering & agricultural colleges only. One team per college is aspect of mobility engineering related to all vehicles / equip- allowed to participate with a minimum 15 to maximum of 25 ment operated in rough terrain, mining, farm and non-track students per team. e.g. agriculture, construction and defense. Since its inauguration, forum has been instrumental in focusing on the common issues related to Technologies of tomorrow and talent Reach us pool and has organized several national level events. [email protected] / [email protected] Qualifying round happened on September 21, 2019 where a https://www.facebook.com/TIFAN-1336622503118751/ total of 57 teams from all over India participated out of

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800V ARCHITECTURE IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES (EVS) Electric Vehicles State of Charge (SOC), State of Health (SOH), battery tem- (EVs) continue to perature and voltage parameters, environmental conditions face the dual and driving pattern. challenges of ad- Control strategies include rule-based approach for optimal dressing range usage of energy by setting the required threshold limits, anxiety and faster Fuzzy logic using rule-based power controller approach by charging. Over recognizing the driving pattern in a specific drive cycle, and the recent years, probabilistic model based on power demand using dynamic technology programming to generalize the result in all driving condi- trends have been tions. pointing increasingly towards 800V High Voltage architecture in EVs due to Methods to estimate SOC parameter have evolved from multiple benefits including faster charging, smaller and light- Ampere hour counting method and Open circuit voltage er cables, extended range and better regeneration during method to advance methods such as Impedance and Internal braking. In the recently launched German premium carmaker resistance method, Electrochemical method, and Model Porsche’s Taycan, 800V architecture is touted as the back- based method. bone to its incredibly repeatable high performance, about Learning algorithms for efficient Battery Management half of the charging time compared to the traditional 400V System (BMS) include Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), architecture, and ability to achieve higher range with better Extreme Machine Learning (ELM), Genetic Algorithms (GA), regeneration capability. The vehicle also features a new in- and Fuzzy Logic. ANN uses Li-ion battery terminal voltage, verter from Delphi with an advanced power switch based on discharge or charging current, and surrounding temperature Silicon Carbide (SiC) semiconductors using double-sided as excitation to the system model and SOC value as output. cooling that results in a more compact and lightweight de- The ELM technique is mostly used in estimating SOC mainly sign compared to current inverters available in the market. for online learning with the dual advantages of reduced error Source: Delphi Technologies and faster computation time. The GA technique utilizes the algorithmic approach to generate randomly N chromosome https://thedriven.io/2019/09/12/new-800-volt-invert- based on the sensor data set available to learning and then er-could-provide-multiple-benefits-for-electric-vehicles/ initiates the process of biological evolution. This results in Applications of Data Analytics, Machine Learning, optimization of Li-ion battery model parameters, estimation Cybersecurity, and Blockchain in HEVs and EVs: Recent of battery model parameters by using battery current and Trends voltage and GA based back propagation (BP) neural network. The technique of Fuzzy Logic estimation utilizes a Hybrid and non-linear complex model and trains it appropriately. Electric Vehicles Though the technique has the ability to predict non-linear are being increas- models it requires complex computations and large storage ingly used for memory units and expensive processing units. different mobility applications. For In order to protect the intra-vehicle and inter-vehicle com- mass acceptance munications among the connected devices, hardware securi- of EVs, it is im- ty as well as software security must be taken into consider- portant to not ation while designing the system. Any security attack on the only to offer battery pack which plays a critical role in powering different competitive Total modules and ECUs in EVs may result in surpassing the ther- Cost of mal runaway condition because of improper charging or dis- Ownership (TCO) to the owners compared to conventionally charging monitoring system. The cybersecurity threat to powered vehicles but also to provide efficient Battery battery pack might be related to the application layer where Management Systems and charging solutions. Complex algo- attacks are generally in the form of SW attack (bug) or hard- rithms are being developed using Machine Learning (ML) to ware attack (malfunction of control system) or network at- optimize the power required to drive EVs based on real time

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tack (compromise of CAN bus) or sensor attack (remote Machine Learning, Cybersecurity and Blockchain Technology: tampering of calibration settings). Anomaly detection algo- Ongoing and Future Trends,” SAE Technical Paper 2019-01- rithm using Machine Learning technique enables the system 0790, 2019, doi:10.4271/2019-01-0790. to learn from the experience and take decisions based on Range Anxiety – Hybrid RESS Technologies the input data. The most widely exploited cyber attacks are Denial of Service (DoS), Replay/man-in-middle attack, brute force attack for accessing the encrypted data, and forged traffic-based attack. The anomaly detection mechanisms identify anomalies based on the classifier such that a positive output indicates normal operation and negative output represents anomalous operation. Anomaly detection mechanisms include Support Vector Machine (SVM) which utilizes a generic method to fit the data points into a hyper-plane, Self-Organizing Map (SOM) algorithm based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN) algorithm in which the prediction is done based on the geometri- cal framework using unsupervised learning, and Linkage based clustering algorithm which links up similar data into a cluster and based on the distance metric predicts the anomalous behaviour. For Electric Vehicles (EVs), the blockchain technology offers a framework that is needed to provide a secure medium to communicate among the connected devices and ECUs. The blockchain system inherently provides a secure environment to exchange information in public domain without involving third-party intermediary to complete the exchange of information. In the proposed framework, a regulated access layer inside a permissioned blockchain is provided and data validation is provided in the permission less overlaying platform which enables the users to utilize the robustness of the blockchain algorithm by having control access to actual data transmission protocol as an outcome of permissioned blockchain and increase the transaction throughput and also without compromising the complexity of the method used for consensus between nodes in the network. This framework uses the open source proof-of-work consensus type to develop the data validation protocol. The data in the network is encrypted by the advance encryption algorithm in the private blockchain environment and transmitted by using access key which is generated and distributed to the node in the network. These hybrid implementations ensure that the data is safe from man-in-middle or distributed Denial of Service (DoS) attacks on the chain and also reduce the computational complexity. This framework provides hierarchical Elecric Vehicles (EVs) are being increasingly accepted by trust levels and also optimizes the transaction time as the customers over the last few years though Range Anxiety transmitted data wait for all the nodes to solve cryptograph- continues to be a challenge. The High Voltage (HV) battery ic problem to reach consensus. is the primary storage of energy in EVs and needs to be Reference: Mishra, V., Kodakkadan, A.R., Koduri, R., Nandyala, sized appropriately to meet the energy and power demand S. et al., “Wireless Charging for EV/HEV with Prescriptive of the vehicle, besides being able to meet the dual challenge Analytics, of cost effectiveness and good life cycle performance.

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Batteries offer either high specific energy (HSE) or high spe- Because of its lower reactivity, easier handling, and greater cific power (HSP). HSE source is required for long driving safety, Al-air battery offers significant cost savings and safe- range while HSP source is desirable for better acceleration ty improvements over Li-ion batteries. A major barrier pre- and gradeability. In order to overcome the shortcomings of venting the commercialization of Al-air batteries is the high “oversizing the battery pack” to meet the requirements of rate of Al self-corrosion in alkaline solutions under both both HSE and HSP, it is recommended to use a Hybrid RESS open-circuit and discharge conditions. Additionally, by-prod- combining the battery system with supercapacitors. In situa- ucts such as Al2O3 and Al (OH)3 accumulate at both the an- tions that require high power such as during hard accelera- ode and cathode, which not only suppress electrochemical tion or traveling up slopes, both the HSE and HSP sources reactions but also render Al-air batteries to be non-re- provide power to the powertrain system. In operations that chargeable with Aluminium bound to be replaced after its require less power such as cruising at constant speed, the use. Recent research studies using ionic-liquid based electro- HSE source provides power to the drive system while simul- lytes have opened the possibility of developing Al-air “re- taneously recharges the HSP source and prepares it for new chargeable” batteries. In a recent study, a solid-state, re- high-power demand situations. In braking and deceleration chargeable aluminium–air battery with stable electrochemi- mode, the regenerative energy will essentially be stored in cal reactions could be achieved with a deep eutectic sol- the HSP source with only a small, limited energy absorbed in vent-based solid electrolyte composed of AlCl3, urea, car- the HSE source. Hybrid RESS technologies can increase the boxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and glycerine. This study was operating range of EVs, enhance the battery performance by the first one to show that by-products have not been ob- increasing its life cycle, assure the rated capacity, reduce the served on either the Al anode or the air cathode that typical- energy losses and limit the temperature gradients across the ly suppress electrochemical reactions and reduce the battery battery pack. However, the hybrid RESS calls for HV archi- life. tecture changes such as bi-directional DC-DC converter and Reference: Ryohei Mori, “All solid-state rechargeable Al-Air a well-defined energy flow controller, leading to more com- battery with deep eutectic solvent-based electrolyte and sup- plexity in design and cost. pression of by-products formation, RSC Advances, 2019, 9, Reference: Monzer Al Sakka, Hamid Gualous, Noshin Omar 22220 and Joeri Van Mierlo “Batteries and Super Capacitors for http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04567h EVs”, Chapter in New Generation of Electric Vehicles Reference: “Aluminium air battery technology for electric ve- http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53490 hicles” Reference: Paulo G. Pereirinha and Joao P. Trovao “Multiple https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.BR0106142 Energy Sources Hybridization: The Future of Electric Vehicles?”, Chapter in New Generation of Electric Vehicles Reference: Billy Hurley, “New metal air battery design offers a potential boost to electric vehicles http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53359 https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/tb/ EV Battery Chemistries – Alternate to Li-Ion stories/blog/33341 Though the dominant battery chemistry in Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) in EVs has been based on Li-ion, of late, alternate chemistries without the use of Lithium are being increasingly developed and matured towards cost-effective mass production. Metal-air batteries Dr. Arunkumar Sampath have become a promising alternate power source to Li-ion Chief Engineer and Head based solutions because of their high theoretical energy Innovation, density and their use of atmosphere oxygen as fuel. Global Technology Centre, Specifically, Aluminium (Al) and Zinc (Zn)-based battery chemistries are intensively being studied. Aluminium (Al) is Mahindra Electric Mobility inexpensive, safe, highly recyclable, and is the third most Limited & MC Member and abundantly available element. Al-air battery has high specif- Chairman, Branding & ic energy and provides storage capacity rivalling that of Li- Communications Board, ion based battery (2.98 Ah/gm for Al-air vs 3.86 Ah/gm). SAEINDIA

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HYUNDAI’S BS6 ONSLAUGHT With the Government’s BS6 norms kicking in for the automobile sector, Hyundai is well-ahead in the race with a slew of engines and car models to cater to the Indian and global markets. shaft bearing with optimized thickness and material reduce friction allows excellent driving even in city conditions and enhances engine life. The transmission has been subjected to rigorous durability tests for ensuring High Gear Strength with better Clutch Friction Materials to offer the best performance at high speeds, off-road, hillsides and harsh climatic conditions. India’s only BS 6 1.2 Litre BS 6 Diesel Engine comes with ECOTORQ uniqueness and benefits. LNT & DPF system has been validated for Indian road conditions and provides a smooth ride. Hyundai cars with BS6 engines are compatible with both BS6 and BS4 fuel – petrol and diesel. “Being a global car manufacturer, we have global BS6 technology available for various models. Hyundai R&D teams in Last year, Hyundai Motors India Ltd (HMIL) kick-started their Namyang (South Korea) and Hyderabad (India) have worked BS6 compliant products onslaught with petrol engines for collaboratively worked to optimise and tune this technology Grand i10 NIOS and the new Elantra. Further, Hyundai has as per Indian driving conditions for maximum efficiency of- upgraded their product line-up of Santro, Grand i10 and Elite fering cost-effective solutions to Indian customers,” says Mr. i20 also with their BS6 petrol engines. “All these products Kim during a landmark event at their Chennai plant to mark are now available in our global markets and conform to the the export of the 3 millionth car, with the new Aura. highest standards of emission regulations at a very competitive cost-enhancing customer benefits,” says Mr. S. S. Kim, The all-new AURA comes with Smart Auto AMT which is Managing Director and CEO, HMIL. easy to use and uses Advanced In--House Hyundai Technology Electric Actuator which enables smooth shifting About BS 6 of gears. In-line with Hyundai’s promise of unmatched performance and innovation in mobility, Hyundai AURA will have several Engine & Transmission (ARAI CERTIFIED)

firsts to its credit. It comes with 1.2 Litre BS 6 ECOTORQ die- Engine Maximum Maximum Transmission Fuel sel engine, Kappa 1.0 Litre BS 6 Turbo GDI Petrol, 1.2 Litre Power (PS Torque (kgm Efficiency MPI BS 6 Petrol, offering Superior Power, Performance and / rpm) / rpm) Fuel Efficiency. 1.2 Litre 83 @ 6000 11.6 @ 4000 5 MT / AMT 20.50 kmpl Kappa (MT) The BS 6 Kappa 1.0 Litre Turbo GDI engine, developed by Petrol Engine BS 6 20.10 kmpl Hyundai Motor Group’s R&D division will open new era of (AMT) next generation engines – a perfect combination of perfor- 1.2 Litre 75 @ 4000 19.4 @ 1750 5 MT / AMT 25.35 kmpl mance, fuel efficiency and compliant with emission norms ECOTORQ - 2250 (MT) Diesel BS 6 under BS 6 fuel guidelines. The BS 6 1.0 l Kappa T-GDI has a 25.40 kmpl lay out by integrating the exhaust manifold to cylinder head (AMT) thus improving the fuel efficiency at higher RPM ranges. It 1.0 Litre 100 @ 17.5 @ 1500 5 MT 20.50 kmpl comes with 250 bar High Pressure, Laser Processing Injector Turbo GDI 6000 - 4000 (MT) BS 6 that enhances fuel efficiency and improves performance. *ARAI Certified Developed by Hyundai R&D, the ECOTORQ Diesel BS 6 Engine is Cleaner-Greener, powerful as well as a fuel-effi- Nikhil Raghavan cient engine. It consists of 2000 bar Fuel Injection System that allows better combustion and fuel efficiency. The crank-

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EVERYTHING IN VIEW Continental combines the front and interior camera for Automated Driving. In the new system solution for safe transfer of driving responsibility in automated driving, infra-red interior camera provides important information on driver and passengers. With the aid of artificial intelligence, special algorithms continuously adapt safety systems to vehicle occupants. Holistic camera system as a prerequisite for automated driving With a broad portfolio of camera systems, Continental offers various options for implementing such a function in accordance with customer requirements. In addition to modular solutions, it is also possible to use existing installation spaces. The so-called “Road AND Driver” camera is located behind the windshield of the vehicle, above the rear-view mirror. It is installed at the same location as the existing camera, the lens of which is aimed at the road ahead and provides the data for advanced driver assistance systems. Cameras play a key role in the implementation of modern driver assistance systems and One of the major challenges in automated driving is the are an integral part of the sensors for automated driving. safe transition from automated to manual driving. To Features of the new camera generation are excellent night achieve this, both a view out of and into the vehicle are vision characteristics and high image resolution, which now required. The result is a holistic model of the environment ranges from one to eight megapixels, as well as an aperture comprising the traffic situation, the behavior of other of up to 125 degrees, enabling cross-traffic objects to be road users, and the driver’s condition. Only when the detected even earlier. In addition to conventional computer information from the surroundings is in conformity with vision processes, neural networks are used that can be that from the interior, a safe transfer can take place. scaled to match the available hardware. Technology company Continental has now developed an In combination with an interior camera that detects the appropriate solution in the form of a combined camera position of the driver, the direction of his or her gaze, system comprising an inward-looking infra-red camera and and the location of his or her hands with certainty – such an outward-looking camera. This system monitors both the a system is considered a prerequisite for bringing cars driver in the driver’s seat, continuously detecting whether featuring automated driving functions onto the road. This he or she is able to take responsibility for driving, as well as is because automated driving will be possible only when the traffic situation in front of the vehicle. the transition between “automated” and “manual” driving The camera data, which is continuously evaluated by the modes is safe and reliable. Drivers must be able to trust relevant software, shows, for example, whether the driver that the vehicle will hand over responsibility only when is attentive or distracted, has turned to face the children they are ready to accept it. on the rear seats, is looking at a smartphone or whether Interior monitoring optimizes restraint systems the driver’s hands are on the steering wheel or behind his An important aspect of the Road AND Driver camera’s or her head. “Thanks to the new camera system, vehicle interior monitoring system is that the camera data is and driver are constantly aware of one another. Ultimately, evaluated – but not recorded. “The focus is solely on this comes down to trust. The human can rest assured that interpreting the prevailing situation in the vehicle in order the technology will not abruptly hand back responsibility to increase the safety of the occupants and other road without warning, but that this will take place according to users,” says Andreas Forster, Next Generation Technology clear and comprehensible criteria,” says Georg Binder, Head manager in the Passive Safety & Sensorics business unit. of Strategy & Planning, Advanced Driver Assistance System business unit at Continental. Nikhil Raghavan

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VOLVO BUSES DEMONSTRATES ELECTRIC AUTONOMOUS SOLUTION FOR BUS DEPOT

THE STUNNING DESIGN OF THE POLESTAR 1 PLUG-IN HYBRID IS AN HOMAGE TO THE CLASSIC VOLVO P1800.

HAKAN AGNEVALL, PRESIDENT OF VOLVO BUSES Sweden’s bus operator Keolis’s depot outside of marks a very important step in our autonomous journey Gothenburg was the venue for a unique demonstration as we now have successfully shown the commercial by Volvo Buses. Considered as one of the world’s first benefits an autonomous solution can deliver in a bus live demonstration by Volvo Buses showed the significant depot. Autonomous buses in depots bring new benefits potential of autonomous buses operating in a depot such as more efficient traffic flows, higher productivity, environment. Volvo demonstrated how a 12-metre electric less damages and improved safety. The industry-common and autonomous bus successfully drove itself between the charging interface OppCharge is ideally suited for parking bay and several workstations including cleaning, autonomous charging, eliminating the need to connect servicing and electric charging, before parking itself in the power cables to the bus in the depot. correct bay – all while carrying passengers. It represented Jan Kilstron, CEO at Keolis pointed out that, “The new an important milestone in their journey towards safer, mobility technology will be more common in 5-10 years. cleaner and more efficient public transport. Bringing the new technology into today’s depot business Said Hakan Agnevall, President of Volvo Buses, “This and developing it will not only speed up development, it

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will improve our performance, ensuring that our passengers controlled environment when it comes access. benefit over the coming years”. We see a great potential where implementation of ABB, who also participated in the demonstration, sees autonomous buses can be a solution, for e.g. larger campus opportunities for the future. “ABB is fully committed to and institutes, airports, Bus Rapid Transit systems (BRT). building a zero emission future and sustainable public In Singapore the plan is to test the autonomous bus on the transportation is a vital part of this. We have the products campus area of NTU. and the solutions to deliver electricity from generation How do these systems work? Are they pre-programmed to the point of consumption in a safe, smart and into an embedded software or controlled from a central sustainable way. ABB’s high-power electric bus chargers point by humans? with automated rooftop connection enable the efficient charging of autonomous buses, and we look forward to On a high level the autonomous system consists of the future of this transport innovation together with Volvo computers, sensors and software that’s all integrated and Buses”, says Mats Peterson, Local Business Manager for communicate with the bus. To navigate with high accuracy ABB Electrification in Sweden. a digital 3D-map is created over the area that the bus should operate in. In the next step the paths that the bus The event was just the latest in a number of successful should drive according to is created. The paths are stored demonstrations of autonomous buses carried out by Volvo into the on-board computer. The bus is equipped with Buses in recent years. This demonstration was one of the different sensors and by comparing the data received from first to take place in a real bus depot – one of the areas the sensors and the stored 3D-map it can determine where that Volvo Buses believes offers the greatest potential for it is located. automation. In testing, what have been the glitches? And, how have “We are still many years away from seeing fully- they been solved? autonomous buses on public roads, but since bus depots are confined areas with predictable and repetitive traffic Volvo has a long tradition of automation. In 2003 flows, we see autonomous buses being used there much we introduced the first feature of Advance Driving sooner,” says Håkan Agnevall. “Working together with Assistance System (ADAS) and in 2014 Volvo tested a fully Keolis has given us this unique opportunity to test an autonomous truck in confined areas. Since Volvo Buses autonomous bus in real conditions and will help us drive is a part of the Volvo Group we use the technology and the development of autonomous solutions forward.” experience gained in our buses, so many challenges has been solved in previous projects within Volvo. The bus Volvo Buses is at the forefront of the development of system that we now are testing is very solid. autonomous buses. In ten years, an additional one billion people will most likely be living on the planet, most of Are you testing on trucks, say in logistic hubs? If so, what whom will live in cities. This will create even greater has been the outcome? demands on public transport, infrastructure and urban Both Volvo Trucks and Volvo Construction Equipment planning, which in turn needs to be managed in an even have autonomous solutions that have been tested with more sustainable and efficient way. good result in confined areas such as mining and quarry. Volvo Trucks will now roll out its first commercial pilot Mobility Engineering spoke to Hakan Agnevall, President during 2020 in an open pit mine in Norway and Volvo of Volvo Buses and here are excerpts from the interview: Construction Equipment will start a pilot in Sweden. These While you have tested the autonomous bus in a confined projects are still to be evaluated. area, have you tested in vast campuses where dedicated routes and fixed stops are put in for people movement, At the Keolis facility, how many buses are used for say inside a manufacturing facility, educational testing? And, are there simultaneous movement of a institutions etc? number of buses to and from different service points? The field of autonomous driving is complex and we have At the depot demonstration one autonomous bus has been a step-wise approach when it comes to development and tested driven autonomous within the bus depot together deployment of the technology. This means that we have with manual driven buses at the same time. selected a few cases to start with. For Volvo safety always Nikhil Raghavan comes first and confined areas like bus depots is a good

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15 DISRUPTORS SET OUT TO REDEFINE AUTOMOTIVE Innovation knows no slowdown, which is why 2019 saw a number of start-ups across India come up with dynamic products , solutions and technologies, including a fuel dispensing bowser, chemical-agnostic EV battery tech, design of electric powertrains across segments, self-balancing autonomous scooter and electric two-wheelers, some showing that green can also be mean. Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh see the highest number of registrations. During the course of the year, this publication had the opportunity to meet, interact, understand and feature some of the most dynamic start- ups in India, those that aim to solve and have a niche product to move ahead or provide new solutions for the automotive industry. REPOS ENERGY Idea: Fuel-dispensing bowsers Pune-based Repos Energy is the brainchild of Chetan and Aditi Walunj, whose idea to manufacture fuel-dispensing bowsers for commercial buyers got backing from none other than the chairman emeritus of Tata Sons, TECH.POWERSQURE, THE B2B ARM OF BANGALORE- BASED POWERQYRE INC, A WIRELESS CHARAGING SPECIALIST COMPANY, AIMS TO BE A COMPLETE CUSTOMER-FOCUSED, ONE -STOP- Ratan Tata himself. The start-up man- SHOP FOR PRODUCTS DEVELOPMENT FROM CONCEPT TO MASS PRODUCTION. ufactures, sells and also rents out the The year 2019 could very well be one of the most challeng- custom-built vehicle, which is basically a fuel station on ing periods for the automotive industry but for those who wheels. dared to dream, it was a year to rejoice. “I knew that if I Repos Energy was set up in 2016 when the duo, who were failed, I wouldn’t regret that, but I knew the one thing I exploring innovative ways to deliver diesel fuel to commer- might regret is not trying,” said Jeff Bezos, founder and CEO cial buyers in faraway places, while ensuring less wastage of of Amazon, the richest person in the world. What makes fuel, had a eureka moment. Since different buyers’ need for Bezos a prime example for budding entrepreneurs is how diesel varied, it was important that the company has differ- sheer determination and an idea can lead to success. ent fuel capacities to meet diverse buyer requirements. Autocar Professional, in addition to reporting the latest auto According to Aditi, “Around 85 percent of diesel sales in the industry trends, also keenly tracks the constantly buzzing world of start-ups. What drives these entrepreneurs is their zeal and the out-of-the-box thinking, be it electric mobility, conventional fuel, designing components or even servicing vehicles. The connection between mechanical parts, electronics, digi- talisation and coding is becoming stronger by the day. India is estimated to be home to more than 50,000 registered and over 25,600 DPIT-recognised start-ups and growing under THE FUEL-DISPENSING BOWSER, DEVELOPED NY REPOS ENERGY, WHICH HAS TILL NOW SOLD OVER 90 UNITS AND OPERATING ACROSS the government’s Startup India programme. Maharashtra, 130 CITIES IN INDIA

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country come from bulk customers (sale of 50 litres and above). Having a mobile dispenser available for this type of customer can not only reduce costs but also speed up the pace of their project.” Repos has begun working on the ecosystem required and IoT (Internet of Things). At present, the company develops and manufactures the tank, automation, sensors and controllers to ensure quality, quantity and real-time data availability. The company says it has applied for patents for its indige- nously developed quantity sensors. The cost of the custom-built bowsers varies between Rs 13 lakh to Rs 21 lakh, depending on the fuel capacity and mod- DECCALEAP’S F-PROTEKKT HAS NON-TOXIC CHEMICALS INSIDE ITS el. Repos has also sold over 90 mobile fuel pumps, which the TUBE-LIKE STRUTURE. IN THE EVENT OF AFIRE, IT ACTIVATES ITSELD THROUGH SMART HEAT SENSE TECH THAT DOUSES THE FIRE, company calls Repos Petrol Pump, across 130 cities. The WITHOUT LEAVING ANY RESIDUE. company says it will deliver another 42 bowsers this month. ION ENERGY The sales target for 2020 is 720 bowsers. Idea: Decoding the right chemistry for electric vehicles Mumbai-headquartered Ion Energy aims to play a key role in helping OEMs and battery manufacturers find the right chemistry for electric vehicles. Founded in 2016 by Akhil Aryan, the start-up focuses on designing and building battery management systems (BMS) and a battery intelligence platform. The company currently has a 43-strong team with the core comprising engineers. It works on developing chemistry-agnostic battery technology for customers, and provides advanced BMS solutions that

CO-FOUNDER ADITI AND CHETAN WALUNJ, WITH RATAN TATA, CHAIRMAN EMERITUS, TATASONS, WHO HAS INVESTED IN REPOS ENERGY

DECCALEAP TECHNOLOGIES Idea: Under-bonnet fire safety In September 2019, this Pune-based start-up launched a fire-safety product christened ‘F-Protekkt’. The safety device is fitted under the bonnet of a car. The single-use product is priced at Rs 10,500 and has a lifespan of five years, before it needs to be replaced. F-Protekkt uses non-toxic chemicals, which cuts off oxygen supply and stops the fire from spreading. The company says this is a first-of-its-kind self-activated engine fire extinguish- er, which, in the event of an engine fire, activates itself ION ENERGY’S FOUNDER AKHIL ARYAN BELIEVES THAT INDIA’S EV through smart heat sense technology that douses fire, with- FETURE WILL SEE AMIX OF DIFFERENT CHEMISTRIES BY OEMS IN out leaving any residue. THIER BATTERIES.

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provide desired results to customers. The software-first com- GEGADYNE pany’s battery intelligence business leverages data from bat- Idea: Better alternative to lithium-ion batteries teries and makes it available in the cloud to enable a customer to derive meaningful insights from it. Gegadyne is a Mumbai-based start-up that hopes to flip battery technology on its head, with a battery that can be In 2017, the company made its first acquisition as part of a charged to full in less than 15 minutes. It aims to do so by cash-plus-equity transaction and acquired France-based dropping the current industry norm of using lithium-ion bat- Freemens and its entire engineering and sales team joined teries for a different technology altogether. Ion’s core team. Freemens’ clientele includes Airbus Safran, CarWatt, NTN SNR and over 20 others. Alexandre Collet, Founded by Jubin Varghese and Ameya Gadiwan in 2015, founder and CEO of Freemens, also joined Ion as a co-found- Gegadyne Energy now has multiple patents for the EV eco- er and vice-president (Engineering) to strengthen the found- system. While working on an EV project as collegians, they ing team. found the use of lead-acid batteries futile, as it was heavy and took far too long to charge. This led them on to work on In 2019, the company announced that France-based battery different iterations of lead-acid batteries, but they quickly pack manufacturer IBS is using Ion’s technology in all of its reached its glass ceiling. They then moved on to lithium-ion batteries. In fact, IBS also announced its intention of setting batteries for a short duration. However, they realised this up a battery manufacturing unit in India by 2020-2021. tech was being heavily researched and needed hefty fast LIGER MOBILITY chargers for genuinely quick recharges — either a 10C or 12C charge rate, something the electric grid in India doesn’t sup- Idea: Self-balancing autonomous scooter port. That’s when Gegadyne turned its attention to some- What’s more futuristic than riding an electric two-wheeler? thing called supercapacitors. Riding an autonomous self-balancing two-wheeler. That’s A supercapacitor is a type of capacitor that can store a large what Mumbai-headquartered Liger Mobility founded by IIT amount of energy — up to 100 times more energy per unit graduates Vikas Poddar and Ashutosh Upadhyay aims to do. mass or volume — as compared to a conventional capacitor. Liger Mobility has been working on changing the dynamics It does this by having larger-sized conductors positioned of two-wheelers in terms of safety and experience for its us- closer to each other. However, energy density is still low ers, without taking a toll on the customer’s wallet. The start- compared to alternate battery solutions. Gegadyne claims to up’s self-balancing tech, which will make two-wheelers safer have overcome this for the most part with a remarkable su- and riders more confident, is likely to increase vehicle cost percapacitor setup that has 50 times the energy density of a by around 10 percent. traditional one. The company says its focus is long-term, petrol or electric, Gegadyne claims its supercapacitor battery pack is 10 times and it aims to make the technologies powertrain-agnostic to smaller than any other available. The founders say they have benefit a larger number of users. The solution is said to be managed to improve the self-discharge rate of the batteries an integration of software and hardware. As the solution — another huge liability of supercapacitors. Gegadyne consumes a bit of power, Liger Mobility is working on mak- claims it is now at a stage where the batteries can hold the ing it energy efficient to address two-wheeler user concerns. charge for around two weeks before beginning to lose it.

MUMBAI-BASED GEGADYNE HOPES TO FLIP BATTERY TECHNOLOGY ON ITS HEAD WITH A BATTERY THAT CAN BE CHARGES TO FULL IN LIGERMOBILITY’S FOURTH-GENERATION PROTOTYPE SCOOTOR IS LESS THEN 15 MINUTES, BY REPLACING LI-ION BATTERIES IN FAVOUR ABLE TO SELF BALANCE AND ALSO PARK ITSELF. OF ULTRA-CAPACITORS.

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POLARITY 156km and a top speed of 80kph. In terms of localisation, Revolt is targeting the 100 percent mark by end-FY2020. In Idea: Electric two-wheelers (e-car in the future) early December 2019, Revolt Intellicorp commenced deliver- In September, the Pune-based Polarity launched six electric ies of the first batch of its RV400 e-motorcycles in Pune. two-wheelers — S1K, S2K, S3K, E1K, E2K and E3K — where the ‘S’ stands for Sports and ‘E’ denotes Executive, with prices starting at Rs 38,000 and going up to Rs 110,000. Polarity says the battery cells, motor and controller will be imported and the rest locally sourced. The company is targeting sales of 15,000 units a year. The start-up was founded in May 2017 by Sachin Jadhav, who is also the chairman and MD. Polarity says it has filed over 20 global patents for its Personal Mobility Vehicle (PMV) range. The electric two-wheelers seem to be

well-suited for e-commerce and food delivery firms. Polarity REVOLT INTELLICORP’S INNOVATIVE GO-TO-MARKET PRICING STERGY says it has also seen much interest from European markets. FOR ITS ELECTRIC MOTORCYCLES IS ASALES AND MARKETING According to Jadhav, “The focus right now is towards per- DISTRUPER. sonal buyers. Maybe, in the future, we will look at the export ULTRAVIOLETTE AUTOMOTIVE and B2B segments.” Idea: India’s first performance motorcycle In addition to the electric two-wheeler range, the company On November 13, Bangalore-based electric two-wheeler is “planning to launch an electric car in a year. It will look like start-up Ultraviolette Automotive unveiled its first product, a sports car but its performance will be tuned to that of an the F77 which is also India’s first performance-oriented elec- economy car.” The company expects to start manufacturing tric motorcycle with impressive specifications. and begin sales by June 2020. Autocar Professional had first broken the news on TVS Motor picking up a 14.78 percent stake in this start-up in December 2017. In August 2018, Ultraviolette received an additional Rs 6 crore investment from TVS, which increased its stake to 25.76 percent.

POLARITY’S SIX-PACK. CALLED ‘PERSONAL MOBILITY VEHICLES’, THE The F77 is powered by an air-cooled motor that the start-up E-BIKES ARE PRICED FROM RS.40,000 TO RS. 110,000, HAVE A RANGE claims produces a max power output of 25kW (33.5hp) at OF OVER 80KMS PER CHARGE AN A TOP SPEED BETWEEN 40KPH AND 100KPH. 2250rpm and an impressive peak torque of 90Nm. REVOLT INTELLICORP Ultraviolette says this enables the F77 to achieve a 0-60kph time of 2.9sec, 0-100kph in 7.5sec and a top speed of Idea: One-time payment plan for electric bikes 147kph. The snazzy F77 also comes with three power modes How low can you go when it comes to paying for a perfor- — Eco, Sport and Insane. mance electric motorcycle? NCR-based Revolt Intellicorp Powering the motor is a battery with a maximum capacity of rolled out its RV400 and RV300 with an innovative go-to- 4.2kWh. It uses three slim lithium-ion battery packs and the market pricing strategy. Launched in August 2019, the Revolt RV 300 and RV 400 (base and premium) e-bikes were previously only available with a unique monthly payment plan called My Revolt Plan (MRP). The RV 400 premium, for example, is available at Rs 3,999 a month for three years (Rs 143,000 in all) while you could ride away with the RV 300 after agreeing to pay Rs 2,999 / month for three years (Rs 107,000). The unique thing about the MRP scheme is that customers don’t have to incur any down payment and the EMI includes RTO charges, insur- ance, regular service and consumables such as brake pads

and a one-time tyre replacement. ULTRAVOILETTE F77, POWERD BY 25kW MOTOR, DEVELOPS 33.5 HP AND 90 Nm OF TOURQUE. O-60KPH IN 2.5 SEC AND TOP SPEED OF The AI-enabled motorcycle has an ARAI-certified range of 147KPH.

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entire unit takes 5 hours to charge fully via the standard shift from ICEs to EVs. The rider does not have to worry charger, while the fast charger will do it in 1.5 hours. about performance or charge.” Ultraviolette has revealed that the F77 doesn’t require all The company says it has developed a lithium-ion battery three battery packs to run, but it performs optimally with all pack in-house, which it is supplying to a few companies of them in use. On a full charge, the F77 has a claimed range across the country. Orxa Energies’ products are already be- of 130-150km. The battery system also comprises a compre- ing used in the aerospace, automotive and other industries. hensive list of safety, thermal and battery management fea- The battery packs are ‘off-the-shelf’ units that are swap- tures, some of which are patented technologies. ready and modular. The Ultraviolette gets a TFT display as standard and it can be connected to an app that gives a host of information and allows for customisation. From what Ultraviolette has revealed about the app, it will be one of the most intelligent systems seen on a motorcycle sold in India. The F77 features a 9 DOF (Degree of Freedom) Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and will be able to share information with the app about how much power and torque are being transmitted at any given point of time. It can even show how much braking force and lean angle the rider is carrying into a corner. The bike is also quite light, with a kerb weight of 158kg, and has an accessible seat height of 800mm. Ultraviolette has revealed that sales of the F77 will first begin in Bangalore, before expanding to other cities. The F77 will be priced between Rs 300,000 to Rs 325,000. Online registrations have begun, with deliveries set to begin in the third quarter of 2020. PERFORMANCE-ORIENTED MANTIS ELECTRIC MOTORCYCLE CLAIMS A TOP SPEED OF 140KPH AND A 0-100KPH ACCELERATION TIME OF ORXA ENERGIES 8SEC; BATTRIES CHARGE IN 4 HOURS FOR 200 KMS RANGE Idea: Mantis electric motorcycle SRIVARU MOTORS Founded by Ranjita Ravi, Prajwal Sabnis and Amrudesh Idea: Electric motorcycle Prana Santhanam in 2015 with an aim to build an electric sport In August, we had first revealed how an ex-Tesla engineer is bike, the start-up is a part of the Airbus BizLab acceleration set to launch an electric motorcycle in India. The program for entrepreneurs. The founders are confident Coimbatore-based Srivaru Motors is started by Mohanraj about their first electric-motorcycle offering — christened Ramasamy, an engineer who has experience of working at ‘Mantis’ — which features battery-swapping technology. probably the most disruptive start-up in the EV ecosystem Orxa claims the Mantis has a top speed of 140kph and a globally — Tesla. Ramasamy, commonly known as Mohan, range of 200km per charge. It comprises six swappable bat- returned to India after residing in California for over 20 teries, with a complete charge achieved in 4 hours or less. years. Mohan aims to emulate Tesla’s model of sustainability, This electric street bike is equipped with a “fully digital, so- leadership and scaling up from frugality. phisticated dashboard and an app for ride analytics, diag- The motorcycle, called Prana, is an electric performance bike nostics and preventive maintenance.” Orxa Energies says and will be equivalent to a conventional midsize motorcycle, that it may also launch an electric reverse-trike called ‘Mantis in terms of cost. Mohan also claims that the e-motorcycle Trike’ and plans to set up its own set of battery-swapping will also have some “self-healing” components. stations in the future to address charging issues and range The Prana — a registered trademark — will come powered by anxiety. an electric motor churning out 35Nm of peak torque, good Ranjita says, “Just like its namesake, the Mantis is a stealthy, enough to propel the 160kg motorcycle from 0-60kph in less ambush predator. Designed as an early performance and na- than four seconds, hinting at electrifying performance. It will ked-sport motorcycle, it has a top speed of over 140kph and have a top speed of over 100kph and a real-world range of a range of around 200km per charge. The USP of the Mantis 126km from its fixed lithium-ion battery, both figures being is that it is a ‘no-compromise’ bike and offers a seamless claimed.

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engined vehicles, ranging from passenger cars to small CVs, by retrofitting them with an electric powertrain. Founded by Sathya Yalamanchili in 2016, eTrio developed its first prototype, which was followed by converting a Maruti Alto to an EV. eTrio is the first domestic company to get ARAI-certification for its retrofitted EV kit. It offers customised solutions to customers for desired range and performance. The USP of such a solution, according to eTrio, is that it is cheaper than buying a similar configured EV. SIVARU MOTORS’ PRANA WILL HAVE FOUR RIDING MODES, INCLUDING A REVERSE MODE, AND WILL BE OFFERED IN THREE VARIANTS - The start-up has retrofitted over 100 vehicles till date, com- CLASS, GRAND AND ELITE. WHILE THE ELITE WILL HAVE A RIDING prising LCVs and cars, most of them with its B2B ETS RANGE OF 250KM, THE GRAND WILL COME WITH A 126 KM RANGE. (Express Transport Services) and logistic partners in the pi- BLU ARMOR lot phase. eTrio says it plans to expand its services to other Idea: Aftermarket cooling solution for helmets cities, and is targeting to appoint franchise partners Bangalore-based start-up BluArmor’s BLU3 E20 is to debut across-India in the major metro cities. The founder says eTrio at the 2020 Consumer Electronics Show in LA Vegas. has invested around “$2 million (Rs 14.2 crore)” in the com- Interestingly, the new product has won the CES award in the pany. eTrio, which has a team of over 50 engineers and tech- In-Vehicle Entertainment and Safety category. The BLU3 E20 nology specialists, has capacity to retrofit 10,000 vehicles a also happens to be one of the first Indian products to win year. the award. TECH. POWERSQUARE The BLU3 E20 is designed to function as a helmet cooler. Idea: Bringing consumer tech to automobiles This third-generation product promises an increase in the Bangalore-based Tech.powersquare aims to be a one-stop airflow as well as the ability to control how much airflow is shop for product development from concept to mass pro- sent into the helmet. However, the truly innovative feature is duction helping drive innovation into product reality. the Bluetooth connectivity and that it can be controlled via Founded by Pavan Pudipeddi, with his expertise and back- the Google voice assistant or Apple’s Siri assistant. This un- ground of being a founding member of the Wireless Power locks voice controlled features that will allow the rider to Consortium (WPC), a multinational technology consortium turn on the fan, change the fan speed, ask about the remain- formed to create and promote wide market adoption of the ing battery percentage and more. The device can even read Qi standard used for wireless charging in many products, out WhatsApp messages to the rider as they come in! In ad- helps leverage the bringing of advanced solutions to the au- dition, the device can record ‘location-aware voice notes’ — tomotive industry. you can make voice notes as you pass a location, and it will be played back when you approach that location again. It creates technology-agnostic products and solutions across markets that focus on consumer electronics, smart wear- ables, industrial and automotive sector. Tech.powersquare offers product engineering expertise in translating consumer experience from home to an in-car environment. From a power-based technology perspective, wireless power is one key area that the start-up focuses on and also works on de-

BULARMOUR’S BLU3 E20 HELMET COOLING SOLUTION HAS WON THE 2020 CES AWARD IN THE’IN-VEHICLE ENTERTAINMENT AND SAFETY’ CATEGORY. ETRIO TECH.POWERSQUARE’S PAVAN PUDIPEDDI IS A FOUNDING MEMBER Idea: ICE to EV retrofitment OF THE WIRELESS POWER CONSORTIUM. THE START-UP IS ALREADY WORKING WITH LEADING EUROPEAN OEMs AS THIER INNOVATION Telangana-based start-up eTrio is helping transform IC- PARTNER

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livering connected experiences through mobile and non-mo- ists and don’t go by pure physics or chemistry,” he adds. bile platforms. In fact, it has been working with leading The company is building innovative components suitable for European OEMs as their innovation partner. e-two-wheelers and e-three-wheelers, which will be the first ALTIGREEN PROPULSION LABS adopters of e-mobility in the near future. The start-up has a total of 45 people with engineers coming in from their earli- Idea: EV powertrains for two-, three- and four-wheelers er roles at Bosch, ZF and Hero MotoCorp, among some big Bangalore-based Altigreen Propulsion Labs is bullish on names. electric drivetrains for two-, three-, and four-wheelers. It was Altigreen is developing and building the motor, controller, set up in 2011 by four entrepreneurs — Dr Amitabh Saran, ECU, DC-DC converter, full EV gearboxes, battery BMS and Shalendra Gupta, Dr Lasse Mocklegaard and John Bangura telematics along with the sensors and has a number of pro- — with an aim to provide retrofit solutions for petrol and totypes with these components installed and tested to prove diesel-powered vehicles to convert them into hybrids. the concept’s case. Altigreen has received 17 patents, in var- While this start-up began life by improving fuel efficiency of ious countries including US and Europe. conventional engines by up to 20 percent, by implementing hybrid-drive regenerative braking, Altigreen soon realised GO MECHANIC that at Rs 29 lakh for a retrofit, there would be only a few Idea: Tech-enabled car service centres takers. Thus began the shift to developing full- electric drive- In today’s digital world, getting vehicles serviced remains a train solutions for future EVs, a path the Indian government crucial need for customers. Gurgaon-headquartered was also seen driving at aggressively. GoMechanic aims to fill this void. The start-up was founded The company now designs and fabricates EV components at in 2016 by IIM-A graduates Kushal Karwa and Amit Bhasin, its research lab and also manufactures motors in a nearby along with Rishabh Karwa and Nitin Rana. factory. Three years ago, the founders personally faced the dilemma “While there is a need for making the shift to electrics, start- of high vehicle servicing costs, along with no reliability as- ups and the non-traditional guys are the ones who are going surance, which led to the birth of GoMechanic. At present, to make that happen,” says Dr Saran. “We are non-conform- the company claims it has the biggest network of technology-enabled car service centres, offering a seamless car service experience at fingertip convenience. GoMechanic claims that its asset-light model with cen- tralised bulk procurement of spare parts from OEMs, zero real-estate overheads and technology-driven efficiency, results in significant savings which are passed onto the customers. The company has over 150 car repair workshops across Delhi-NCR, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Pune, Bangalore and now Chandigarh, Mohali, and Panchkula. It currently services over a million cars and is targeting 10 million customers by 2021. The company recently also partnered Revolt Motors to set up dedicated service bays for its newly launched electric bikes and works as an authorised network touchpoint for the EV brand. START-UP INDIA 2019 has seen plenty of start-up action. These 15 start-ups have been making news for all the right reasons, and as the auto industry embraces new disruptions, technologies and challenges, expect many more entrepreneurs to march in with even more innovative and disruptive ideas, products L-R ALTIGREEN’SHLENDRA GUPTA AND DR AMITABH SRAN AE NON- and technologies. Watch this space for more in 2020. CONFORMIST TO CONVENTIONAL INDUSRTY PRACTIECES. THE START- UP HA AN ELECTRIC SOLUTION FOR SCOOTERS, MOTORCYCLES, Nilesh Wadhwa / Autocar Professional AUTORICKSHAWS AND MINI-TRUCKS - FROM 2kW ALL THE WAY UPTO 40kW

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HOW DEALERS CAN UPSKILL MANPOWER TO REMAIN RELEVANT AMID DISRUPTIONS High-on-connectivity cars, fast-changing buyer patterns, 24x7 requirements and top-notch aftersales service is what automobile dealers have to contend with in the retail world. What measures should they adopt to drive sales and triumph over new challenges?

As cars transform into computers on wheels, vehicle buyers pressed to sell mobility far more differently than they have turn even more choosy and demanding, millennials prefer been used to for all these years. However, while brick-and- shared mobility to owning vehicles of their own, and EVs mortar dealerships are slowly giving way to the make their presence felt, automobile dealers will be hard- click-and-deliver phenomenon, manpower cannot be wished

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away and will still be required to fulfil a number of tasks, from sales to aftersales. They will, of course, be required to have skills of the highest order. And that’s precisely where India Auto Inc faces a crisis. It is estimated that the Indian automotive industry overall will see over 41.5 million open positions remaining vacant between 2019 and 2025, all due to the lack of the requisite skills. The industry will continue to be in a conflicting state with the projected workforce requirement in the sector which, according to an E&Y draft report commissioned by FOUR KEY PILLARS DRIVING A PARDIGN SHIFT IN AUTOMBILE RETAILING. HUMAN TOUCH WILL REMAIN IRREPLACABLE EVEN IN the Automotive Skills Development Council (ASDC), is set to TIMES OF ADVANCED TEC TO FOSTER LONG-TERM CUSTOMER grow 66 percent to reach 31.8 million in 2025, from 19.11 mil- RELATIONSHIPS AND CONTINUED PATRONSHIP. lion in 2019. HIGHER LEVEL SKILLED MANPOWER FOR: Clearly, a lot of this new manpower would need to possess skills that are significantly different from what the industry Mechatronics has been used to thus far, and will call for a serious bout of • Electronic sensing, metering for more precise reskilling or upskilling of the existing as well as new joinees, operation. who would now be expected to perform complex diagnos- tics and repair of the dense electronic network inside a vehi- • Faster prototyping, fabrication for higher cle and also convince new-age buyers, who come armed customisation. with plentiful information and competition statistics to go • Diagnosing, repairing and calibrating mechatronics with a particular product, by remaining absolutely transpar- will call for additional training and skills. ent and true to their word. • Vehicle electrification and on-board electronics Skilling to be future-fit • EVs may have 2,000 movable parts compared to The dynamics of the entire industry are shifting and some 30,000 movable parts for an internal combustion operations, especially sales and aftersales, are going to see a engine. major change in their processes and systems, and will re- • High level of connectivity in vehicles, information and quire newer ways and means of doing things by smart em- entertainment features need special skills, ployees who are trained to get the problems solved, in just competencies. the right manner. • Modern marketing Also, as OEMs and their dealers hurtle towards the BS VI transition, important criteria for sales will be staffers who • To collect data on driving and usage behaviour; have the ability to convince a buyer to pay a little more for a advanced options such as online touchpoints and greener vehicle. This eventually boils down to the skills of customer data analytics to create targeted offerings. the aftersales team to be able to repair these electronics-in- • Service dealerships to check records, diagnose and send servicing alerts to customers. • Predictive analytics to detect malfunctioning component or system and notify the driver / owner / dealership. • Designing unique servicing offerings & promoting them. • Relationship marketing: Long-term relationships with customers will be important for continued patronship. SLS INDIA’S MATHEW SEBASTAIN: “FOCUS ON UPSKILLING AFTERSALES MANPOWER TO THE DESIRED LEVEL OF PROFICIENCY IS • New front-office skills like handing CRM software, THE NEED OF THE HOUR AND IT WILL INCREASE MULTI-FOLD IN THE soft skills, effective communication and negotiation. FUTURE”

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force to help the customers arrive at the correct choice,” adds Sebastian. However, while the onslaught of technology might be imperative, there will be no match to a human’s connect in delivering the perfect customer experience. According to Sebastian, “Human touch has been and always will be a very important skill set for any customer-dealing employee. In a market where there is an invasion of new brands, which are creating more competition A REPRESENTATIVE MODEL OF AN IDEAL AMALGAMATION OF ONLINE AND OFFLINE and raising the bar of customer expec- EXPRIENCES UNDER A DIGITAL DEALERSHIP. tations, it is mandatory for the brands tensive vehicles in a quick and cost-effective manner. to up their customer experience standards. The availability of multiple choices in any price range with similar feature Training people will remain an extremely vital operation for offerings makes customer experience a very important dif- all auto industry stakeholders and training and recruitment ferentiator for buyers to decide where to put their money. agencies like Chennai’s Layam Group and Delhi-NCR-based Ability to connect with customers, provide a memorable Strategic Learning Solutions (SLS) India are playing their brand experience, and show them that they are genuinely role adroitly. According to Mathew Sebastian, managing di- cared for is something that only a human can bring to the rector, SLS India, “Smart vehicles of the future will need table. Honing relevant skills to achieve that will always be smart technicians. Screwdrivers and hammers are giving way important.” to smart diagnostic tools. A lot of electronics, already present in passenger cars, are also showing up in commercial In terms of aftersales, the growing level of electronics inside vehicles and raising the bar with respect to baseline exper- vehicles again demands high expertise in fault diagnosis and tise required to work on such vehicles. With the onset of the troubleshooting as against the trial-and-error repair meth- BS VI emission norms, it is important to adapt quickly to odology adopted by mechanics not so long ago. Now with these new technologies as maintenance and repair of these BS VI, while all two-wheelers will see a shift to electronic vehicles is a must. So, focus on upskilling the aftersales man- fuel injection systems controlled by an engine management power to the desired level of proficiency is the need of the system, passenger vehicles will see more complex exhaust hour and it will increase multi-fold in the future.” after-treatment units getting installed, which will collect data from the host of sensors installed. All of these systems Transforming sales and aftersales operations will see problems getting identified through on-board diag- With rapid advancements in technology and mobile devices nostics (OBD) tools. playing a key role, it is important for the front-line sales force to be completely adept with new technologies and also competent to explain the differences and benefits of vehicles and their variations to customers. “Advanced and matured consultative selling is going to be a highly sought-after skill in the times to come. As many changes in automotive technology such as engine / fuel re- finement or technologies like hybrid and electric vehicles, aimed at compliance with stricter emission norms and environment friendliness, do not seem to impact the customers directly. It will be the responsibility of the sales force to edu- cate the consumer about the relevance and impact of the same and drive the transition. For different customers with A HONDA CARS INDIA SHOWROOM. A 75-INCH LED SCREEN HELPS varied driving requirements, completely different solutions CUSTOMER CHOOSED COLOURS, ACCESSORIES, VARIANTS AND might be the most relevant and it will be up to the sales CUSTOMISE THIER CAR.

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climate control, electronic seat adjustment and electronic ride height control to name a few, have also added a huge number of electronic components to control the vehicle functioning and behaviour in different environments. Upkeep of these components requires a high level of understanding of mechatronics on the technicians’ part. Also, a multitude of connectivity features in latest cars have added a new level of complexity from the perspective of repair and maintenance. Understanding these technologies to trouble- shoot faults and perform repairs when necessary, are important for aftersales personnel to become future-ready,”

MG MOTOR INDI’S PILOT ‘DIGITAL STUDIO’ IN BANGALORE HAS NO CAR he adds. ON DISPLAY AND INSTEAD USES A MIX OF AGUMENTED REALITY AND INTERACTIVE TECHONLOGIES TO SHOWCASE THE BRAND’S Risk of redundancy PRODUCTS TO PROSPECTIVE CUSTOMERS. With the industry’s dynamics headed towards sustainability, “OBD helps technicians diagnose and repair complex prob- the future is set to witness vehicles that are smart, electri- lems using the trouble codes and various vehicle parameters fied to varying degrees and equipped with high-tech gad- stored in the engine on-board computer. Knowledge to read, gets and technologies. All of this will compel the entire eco- interpret and understand these parameters and codes will system and supply chain to be impacted and not just sales help a technician to reach to the root cause of the problem and aftersales. As a result, manufacturing of vehicles as well and resolve it completely,” says Sebastian. as components will be impacted. The advent of Industry 4.0 In the world of OBD, Sebastian explains, OBD-II is the latest methodologies in manufacturing and the adoption of digiti- technology wherein the diagnostic tool can remotely be sation technologies on the shopfloor are bound to bring used to connect with the vehicle through Bluetooth or WiFi some redundancy to laborious and mundane jobs, which instead of wired connections. The future of automobile scan- will seamlessly be automated in the future. So, does the ning tools will be a step ahead, having lots of parameters auto industry sit on the verge of seeing massive job losses and frames of engines in which the technician may need due to technology? knowledge and skills on understanding these tools to effec- “There will definitely be a much higher degree of automa- tively diagnose faults. This would even get extended to the tion in the automobile manufacturing sector which, in turn, field of mechatronics and enable technicians to properly di- will make some jobs redundant particularly those that need agnose and repair complex automatic gearbox technologies repetitive actions. However, this also means the need of la- prevalent in the market, of the likes of torque converter, CVT bour with a new and diverse skill sets especially in the areas and AMT, all of which see widespread use of software-based of mechatronics, 3D printing, Artificial Intelligence, ma- mechatronic actuators in their sealed units. chine- and deep-learning, and Internet of Things among “More and more customers in India are opting for automatic others. Current workforce, many of whom are used to tradi- transmission-equipped vehicles due to the increasing traffic tional manufacturing techniques and do not possess these and more intra-city driving patterns. Customers prefer to skill sets, are most likely to face redundancy if they are not buy these vehicles due to their ease of driving and reduced adequately upskilled,” points out Sebastian. driving efforts. With increasing volumes of such vehicles, “New distribution concepts may have an impact on tradi- knowledge of these technologies and skills required to trou- tional dealership jobs. For example, car manufacturers like bleshoot the faults and perform repair jobs will be very im- America’s Tesla and the Chinese Geely-owned Lynk & Co are portant. The current trend in workshops in India is to replace both propagating an online sales model (like Flipkart or the entire gearbox assemblies in case of any faults as there Amazon) rather than the traditional brick- and-mortar deal- is lack of expertise in overhauling the ATs. The replacement ership setup. Customers can visit a company-owned experi- cost is more expensive than overhauling, hence to retain cus- ence centre where they can interact with sales personnel tomers and the CSI, overhauling skills are required for young and test drive the vehicle, but interested buyers would be technicians at dealerships and authorised service centres,” directed online to make the purchase. This shift to a di- remarks Sebastian. rect-to-customer online business model is bound to have a “Automation of multiple features in cars such as automatic negative impact on the number of jobs in the auto sales

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sector,” he adds. The way forward A HIGHER DEGREE OF AUTOMATION ON THE SHOPFLOOR WILL MAKE SOME REPETATITIVE JOBS REDUNDANT. WORKFORCE WILL HAVE TO With the auto industry developing into a specialised and BE TRAINED IN NEW AND DIVERSE SKILL SETS ESPECIALLY IN MECHATRONICS, 3D PRINTING, AI MACHINE-ANDDEEP-LEARNING, AND highly skill-intensive sector on both the sales and aftersales IOT. fronts, there is a burgeoning need for skilled manpower, al- “The dealer’s responsibility in maintaining competent man- beit there remains a big skill gap to be fulfilled. Besides a power starts with right hiring, followed by training and up- few private training institutes or OEM training programmes skilling to finally be able to retain the skilled manpower in that cater to this advanced skill set requirement, the vast the network. It is crucial for the dealer body to start seeing majority of ITIs and polytechnics follow syllabi that are fairly value in seasoned trained manpower rather than operational basic, outdated and irrelevant to the current learning needs headcount costs of the business. A mix of employee-fo- of the automotive industry. cussed HR practices, timely growth opportunities, and prop- This means industry spends large amounts of capital and er work-life balance along with due ‘R-and-R’ initiatives will time to get fresh manpower job-ready before they can go a long way towards talent retention,” advocates achieve high levels of productivity. So, the onus lies on the Sebastian. industry as well as the government to decipher new ways of “Finally, the training partners also have an important role to imparting useful training and skill sets to candidates to make play towards the actual on-ground manpower development them suitable and deem fit to merge into the automotive by creating innovative, impactful and engaging training landscape of the future. methodologies. This, coupled with optimisation of logistics According to Sebastian, “Industry-academia collaboration and trainings costs by using the right blend of technology between the government and OEMs is a vital step in the pro- and innovation in delivery processes, will aid in creating fea- cess; stringent enforcement of national occupational stan- sible upskilling models for the industry. Staying abreast with dards (NOS) in the automotive domain is another important industry demands to develop scientifically designed assess- leverage point which will help refine influx of talent in the ment and certification engines that evaluate the manpower industry. The need of the hour seems to be the greater need in a targeted manner and provide clear actionable points for of liaison between State technical boards of education and setting the trajectories for future manpower skilling efforts the automotive guild when it comes to planning the syllabus will help enable this whole initiative to stay on course and and course objectives. To alleviate this, the government, reap the desired results,” concludes Sebastian. through the ASDC, has already prescribed occupational As an increasing number of OEMs move towards launching standards for job roles in the automotive sectors. Many new-age vehicles equipped with cutting-edge tech and OEMs like Tata Motors and Maruti Suzuki have adopted cen- modern gizmos, and also contemplate taking the road to tres that churn out skilled manpower. However, overall de- sustainability in the near future, the industry’s requirement mand still continues to outstrip the churn rate for these cen- of having well-trained and suitably-skilled manpower be- tres.” comes all the more crucial to enable this transition from be- Formalising the academic pre-requisites, Sebastian explains, ing an industry of automotive products to an industry offer- as the recruitment criteria, and driving the same through the ing well-rounded mobility services. Right and high-quality education system and also on-boarding the dealer network skilling is going to be a key aspect to help streamline the to maintain compliance will ensure that quality manpower sector and propel its growth in today’s disruptive times. enters the system. Mayank Dhingra / Autocar Professional

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INDIA GETS A NEW TEST TRACK AT ICAT MANESAR In yet another indication of India’s improving vehicle testing infrastructure, the International Centre for Automotive Technology has thrown open a 1.85km-long test track that offers ABS, external road noise, steering pad, and water-wading capability testing for OEMs. banking varies between 35 to 55 degrees at its lowest and highest points, respectively, and a vehicle can maintain a maximum of 90kph while taking a corner, to then enter the straight patch to attain a top speed of up to 160kph. The inner periphery houses multiple tracks to conduct different tests. THE BACKED SECTION OF THE OVAL TEST TRACK ALLOWS FOR HIGH These include an ABS testing track SPEED CORNERING TO CONDUCT ENDURANCE RUNS ON A VEHICLE with a wet surface, steering pad track OEMs in India have reason to rejoice even before 2020 to measure and test the steering opens. That’s because the International Centre for torque, an external noise track built of Automotive Technology (ICAT) inaugurated its new test ISO-standard bitumen to check for track facility at its second site in the IMT industrial area of tyre and road noise at speeds of up to 50kph, an elevation Manesar on November 8. It’s a move that should go a long track to test starting gradeability and descent as well as way in enabling OEMs and component suppliers to conduct hand-brake testing. There’s also a water-wading track to test a variety of tests, across various parameters, all in the inter- underbody seepage and battery security in an EV. est of better performance and enhanced safety. Part of the 46.6-acre land parcel, which also houses the new NVH, pas- The setup, which took almost a year for completion, was sive safety (crash lab), tyre and EMC testing facilities set up built at a cost of ` 50 crore to NATRIP (ICAT falls under the in May 2019, the adjacent track will enable the testing and aegis of NATRIP), which only includes the construction cost. validation agency to expand its scope of services offered to Land, equipment and a test track management system India Auto Inc. (TTMS), which is being installed, will be over and above this cost. Road and track Inaugurating the facility, Arvind Sawant, former Union The oval track, 1.85km in peripheral length, comprises two Minister of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises, said, “ICAT 700-metre straights and two 250-metre banked portions is very rapidly going in the direction of ensuring vehicle safety each to allow for uninterrupted vehicle motion at high in India. The vehicles coming on the roads should be safe and speeds without the need for braking while cornering. The as a certification agency, ICAT can now test and validate these models with more capability at hand.” Dinesh Tyagi, director, ICAT, said, “The new track is good for most homologation needs; we can also perform some endurance runs on it. With the test track now in place, the Site II al- located to ICAT at Manesar gets completed. We can now also offer full developmental support to two-wheeler and three-wheeler OEMs, while partial developmental work of passenger vehicles can also be done. We have spent a total of ` 450 crore on the Site II in Manesar.” ICAT Manesar is now speedily driving towards becoming a ARVIND SAWANT, FORMER UNION MINISTER HEAVY INDUSTRIES, centre of excellence (CoE) and offering complete end-to-end INAGURATES THE NEW UNIT. TO THS TIGHT IS DINISH TYAGI, DIRECTOR iCAT. vehicle testing solutions. The four new labs at Site II — NVH,

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velop a Li-ion cell in-house. The EMC lab is aiding ICAT to test the satisfactory performance of an EV or an electrical or electronic component within its electromagnetic environment. The component semi-anechoic chamber (CSAC) allows for component-level testing of electromagnetic emissions and deter- mines the immunity of the part from being affected by reso- nance frequencies from other such systems functioning in the vicinity.

The e-mobility push

AN ELECTRIC BUS APPLYING FULL LOCK TO Cognisant of the global drive towards e-mobility, ICAT is tak- UNDERGO ABS TESTING. THE TRACK HAS A LOW ing a closer look at new propulsion technologies to obtain a COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION AND IS MADE UP OF BASALT TILES WITHA WTER SPRINKLER SYSTEM better understanding of their nuances and the criticalities. In TO MIMIC SLIPPERY CONDITIONS. end-November, the testing body conducted its ‘NuGen passive safety, tyre testing and EMC labs — are state-of-the-art Mobility Summit’, which drew industry stakeholders from all facilities comprising different chambers for component, across the world to share know-how on electrification and pro- heavy-duty (HD) vehicles, and passenger vehicle (PV) testing. pulsion technologies of the future. It has also begun research While the NVH lab has three coupled acoustic rooms with the on e-mobility, includ- combination of reverberation and semi-anechoic chambers ing studying the role built using metal, glass wool, felt tissue and concrete, the pas- of infrastructure to sive safety lab is capable of performing crash tests including assess this green full frontal, frontal-offset (40 percent), side impact, rear im- tech’s viability for the pact, pedestrian protection, as well as sled tests as per inter- Indian market. national regulations including the crash norms mandatory for “It is in our mandate all cars on sale in India from October 2019. to carry out research The tyre testing lab aims to cater to a host of local and foreign and we are gradually OEs entering the Indian tyre market by offering services relat- moving there,” said Tyagi. “As businesses globally reorient and ed to Type Approval and Conformity of Production of tyres as realign due to the internet, the auto industry cannot be aloof per the AIS-037 (CMVR). ICAT has also transformed this lab of this revolution. We are seeing disruptions and new para- into a CoE by developing new capabilities including the instal- digms in ADAS, e-mobility and autonomous driving,” he add- lation of Dual Station Endurance Test Rig and Tyre Rolling ed. Resistance Test Rig as per ECE R117 and AIS-142. The NABL “While a push on e-mobility has started, the big challenge still (ISO 17025) accredited electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) lies in terms of range and the cost of battery. Also, the size lab, on the other hand, has a vehicle semi-anechoic chamber and the weight is too large at the moment, which needs to be (VSAC), which boasts of an 11-metre diameter turntable, as improved. EVs also need improvement in the area of battery well as a 4x4 chassis dynamometer to accommodate all types life and endurance. Battery packs made in China cannot just of vehicles ranging from two-wheelers to heavy commercial simply perform in Indian climatic conditions; every 10deg vehicles for electromagnetic emissions and immunity testing in change in temperature can reduce the life of the battery dra- a growing EV environment. matically.” Scaling new heights “We have started research work towards e-mobility and as per Over the past decade, ICAT has seen robust growth with a our study, the carbon footprint of an EV when the electricity is CAGR of over 41.4 percent. It generated ` 173.5 crore in reve- generated by thermal power, is not small. There’s another par- nues in FY2018 and increased its customer base to well over tial electrification possibility 1,000 clients, which approach it for Conformity of Production in the form of hybridisation. It should be seen as a stepping approvals after testing, as well as for developmental aid stone towards electric mobility and as policy makers and tech- through the course of the engineering phase. nologists we should be looking into this area with more atten- As part of its research frontiers, the nodal test agency has also tion,” concluded Tyagi. embarked on some projects in e-mobility and recently at- Mayank Dhingra / Autocar Professional tempted to build an electric bus. Work is also underway to de-

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ELECTRONICS TIER 1S TOUT NEWEST MOBILITY TECH AT CES 2020

LOOK MA, NO HOOD—OR ENGINE! CONTI’S TRANSPARENT HOOD TECHNOLOGY OFFERS ENHANCED OFF-ROAD CONFIDENCE FOR 4X4 UTILITIES. Bosch AI-enhanced Driver Monitoring Bosch unveiled a new cabin-monitoring system that the company indicated could enter production in 2022. It is aimed at potential EU regulation requiring driver-drowsiness and dis- ZF’S NEW COASSIST AUTOMATED-DRIVING SYSTEM WAS DESIGNED TO OFFER SAFETY AND COMFORT BENEFITS AT REASONABLE COST. traction warnings which are key to vehicle operational safety and SAE Level 3 driver-handoff performance. The system uses The mammoth annual techfest formerly known as the two cameras and artificial intelligence/machine learning. One Consumer Electronics Show has become a must-attend for the camera is integrated into the steering wheel; it monitors the mobility industry, with dozens of displays by OEMs and suppli- driver’s eyes for signs of eyelid fluttering or off-road distrac- ers of all dimensions. At this year’s CES, Automotive tion. The other camera, mounted within the rearview-mirror Engineering was impressed by new developments in ADAS module, keeps check of the entire cabin. and AV sensing and processing, V2X connectivity, vehicle cabin sensing and related technologies, electrification advances Artificial intelligence-based algorithms learn from the camera and a number of vehicle introductions. Highlights of our re- inputs and driver behavior to signal warnings as well as reduce porting include: vehicle velocity if needed.

ZF coASSIST Level 2+ driving system Continental “transparent hood” ZF has carved out space between SAE Levels 2 and 3 that Currently in production in Europe, Conti’s “see through the Christophe Marnat, executive VP for the Electronics and hood” technology is based on a cleverly arranged and inte- Advanced Driver Assist Systems division calls “Level 2+.” The grated camera array. At slow vehicle speeds, particularly company said it believes focusing on advanced ADAS is the during parking maneuvers or in off-road driving, the cameras most pragmatic and cost-effective approach to delivering and Conti-developed image processor, along with inputs from semi-automated driving in the early part of this decade. chassis sensors, deliver a screen image that looks like the hood Already in the pipeline for production with an Asian OEM late and front end of the vehicle have disappeared, showing only this year (as a 2021 model offering), the new coASSIST Level the ground underneath. We can see this technology being use- 2+ system’s sensor suite is based on cameras and radar, with a ful across vehicle segments, to help drivers negotiate both central controller featuring Mobileye’s power-efficient EyeQ5 tight parking confines and off-road trails. ‘system on a chip’ (SoC) capable of up to 15 trillion operations Valeo SpotLocate per second, but drawing just 5-6 watts. Valeo, in partnership with Hyundai and Hexagon Positioning AE test-drove a ZF demonstration vehicle on Nevada high- Intelligence, unveiled technology that brings centimeter-level ways during CES and was impressed by coASSIST’s fidelity in precision to on-road vehicle positioning in real time. Valeo en- executing hands-off-the-steering-wheel lane-keeping and gineers claim the SpotLocate system is ten times more precise adaptive cruise control. ZF engineers claim coASSIST will meet than typical GPS for determining lane positioning. The system all Euro NCAP 2024 requirements, adding that the system will uses a combination of existing on-board and infrastructure be priced less than $1,000 per unit. Follow-on versions of the technologies, including Valeo’s automotive-grade telematics system will include ZF’s new Gen21 medium-range radar. controller with built-in cybersecurity.

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at the vehicle level. Valeo claims SpotLocate will make urban traffic flow more efficiently in SAE Level 2 through 5 driving applications. At CES Valeo also showed its Drive4U Locate dynamic mapping that uses lidar sensing and cloud-based data management.

Visteon microZone display With a claimed power consumption similar to that of incum- bent LCD technology, Visteon’s microZone display tech brings graphics performance that is superior to traditional LCD displays, the company announced at CES. The patent-pending high-dynamic range (HDR) display technology offers a mini- VISTEON’S MICROZONE DISPLAY IS CLAIMED TO OUTPERFORM TRADITIONAL LCDS mum contrast ratio of 100,000:1, with 600 candelas-per- square-meter brightness. A wide color gamut (75-85% of the The system also includes Hexagon Positioning Intelligence’s National Television System Committee color space) brings TerraStar X technology that corrects the GPS signal received in-vehicle display visual quality to parity with consumer mo- by the vehicle through a cellular broadcast channel. It also bile devices Visteon claims, but with automotive-level robust- uses stationary receivers that are part of localized infrastruc- ness. ture. Lindsay Brooke Hyundai is handling systems integration including map display

ELECTRIFICATION ‘LAXATIVES’ MAY EASE CHALLENGE OF LITHIUM-ION ALTERNATIVE The R&D dimension of the automotive industry often reveals novel solutions and cross-linking between materials, but a team of international scientists has come up with something truly unusual: boosting supercapacitor power and efficiency using newly developed “laxatives.” It’s all about developing improved electrolytes as part of a program to enhance supercapacitor performance, making them more practical with enhanced energy storage for use in hybrid and electric vehicles (EVs). To do this, the team designed a new class of detergents involving the use of self-assembled nanostructures in detergent-like ionic liquids (IL), to facilitate improved charge storage at electrified interfaces. These detergents are chemically similar to human laxatives, said Dr. Gavin Hazell, a chemistry lecturer at the University of Chester’s Faculty of Science and Engineering, and a member of the international team: “A dis- covery of this kind utilizes scientists from across the globe. We have a very diverse set of skills including synthetic chemistry, advanced structural, microscopy and computational methods.” The team’s findings (published in the journal Nature Materials) may contribute to the long hoped-for achievement of supercapacitors matching or exceeding the storage and power density of lithium-ion batteries. At present, automotive supercapacitors have only secondary roles such as harvesting energy via DETERGENT-LIKE IONIC LIQUIDS ON AN ELECTRODE SURFACE.

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regenerative braking or e-turbocharging systems. IL-electrode interfaces. Supercapacitors also can be used to supply rapid but “The team discovered that surface active ILs (SAILs), brief energy-burst functions such as for stop-start ICE which contain amphiphilic structures inducing self-assem- systems. And they can be used as an energy storage bly, exhibit enhanced charge-storage performance at source by conventionally powered delivery vehicles that electrified surfaces,” Hazell said. “This newly reported make many very short journeys in an equally short time- phenomenon could bring the energy storage capability of frame. a supercapacitor in line with lithium-ion battery technolo- Small-angle neutron scattering gy. This is likely to have implications for the rapidly evolv- Using a technique called small-angle neutron scattering ing automotive industry that is seeing a shift towards hy- (SANS), Dr. Hazell’s role in the project was to identify the brid and fully electric vehicles.” underlying structural features essential to the operation Hazell said it was possible that technology of this kind of the new electrolytes. He explained that the team’s re- may be utilized within the next decade, particularly in hy- search focused on finding novel storage mechanisms at brid vehicles where many rapid charge/discharge cycles are required: “A key aspect of this study is that the materials used are abundant. The molecular components can be found in a variety of household items including laxatives and soaps. This is an attractive prospect for car manufacturers as the technology is affordable and pro- SCHEMATIC OF COMMON ELECTROLYTES (LEFT) AND IONIC LIQUID duction scalable.” DETERGENT-LIKE ELECTROLYTES (RIGHT) ON AN ELECTRODE SURFACE. Stuart Birch

NEW MOBILITY MERCEDES VISION AVTR CONCEPT A BEACON FOR SUSTAINABILITY At the keynote for the 2020 Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas, Mercedes-Benz unveiled its VISION AVTR concept vehicle representing a far-forward look at the company’s future design, materials and technologies. Inspired by the James Cameron film Avatar (with the director on hand at CES for its reveal), and representing a sustainable vision of zero-emission mobility, the VISION AVTR concept was introduced by Ola Källenius, M-B’s chairman of the board. The fully-electric, AWD, 4-seat con- MERCEDES-BENZ UNVEILED ITS VISION AVTR CONCEPT VEHICLE AT CES 2020, WHICH REPRESENTS AN IDEA IT CALLS SUSTAINABLE LUXURY. cept features a 110-kWh battery and a 700-km (434-mi) range. It is M-B’s idea of sustainable designed to provide power back to the grid. luxury – a form of electromobility “in harmony with peo- Cameron’s Avatar team reportedly collaborated closely ple and nature.” The VISION AVTR concept uses 100%-re- with the M-B engineering team on the concept to inspire cyclable organic battery technology and leverages a host new forms of interaction with a vehicle. AVTR is also an of artificial intelligence (AI) to maximize vehicle perfor- acronym for Advanced Vehicle TransfoRmation, embody- mance and efficiency, including integrated solar-panels ing the future mobility vision of Mercedes-Benz design-

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free of rare-earth elements and metals. The materials of the battery are recyclable and even compostable, making them free from fossil resources and looping the vehicle into part of the “circular economy.” That sustainable vision extends to the interior, which uses M-B’s vegan Dinamica leather, and the AVTR’s floor is covered by a fast-growing rattan called Karuun, har- vested by hand in Indonesia. The AWD M-B concept can power the front and rear axles in opposite directions, permitting it to “crab” sideways at angles of up to 30 degrees, giving it ani- mal-like movements. That theme is carried over to the 33 scales on the back of the AVTR, what M-B calls “bi-

THE MERCEDES-BENZ VISION AVTR CONCEPT CAN “COMMUNICATE” VIA onic flaps,” which can communicate with the driver or THE 33 BIONIC FLAPS ON ITS BACK. those that can see the car through flowing move- ers, engineers and trend researchers for the distant future. At the CES keynote, Källenius emphasized the idea of auto manufacturing as a sustainable enterprise both in terms of materials and in the energy required for propulsion. “The philosophy of reduce, reuse and re- cycle will lead us to our ultimate goal: the zero-impact car – a car that uses technology to provide maximum fascination for people but has zero negative impact on the planet,” he said. “This may be in the distant future. But it’s our goal nonetheless.” All-new design and UX The VISION AVTR uses what M-B calls a holistic con- THE MERCEDES-BENZ VISION AVTR CONCEPT FOREGOES A cept that fuses styling by combining the design STEERING WHEEL AND INSTEAD USES BIOMETRIC RECOGNITION themes of the exterior, interior and user experience AND HAND GESTURES TO CONTROL VEHICLE FUNCTIONS. (UX), a design structure labeled “inside-out.” Inspired ments and gestures. by several Avatar movie creatures, its stretched “One Bow” organic design supposedly offers some keen insight “The aim of the VISION AVTR is to show us a signpost for into M-B’s future design language. a livable future, even if it will probably never be built. The VISION AVTR makes speculative science visible and tan- There is no steering wheel, with the tiller replaced by a gible,” said Alexander Mankowsky, futurologist at multifunctional control element in the center console. Mercedes-Benz. “The VISION AVTR serves as an imagina- Owners place a hand on the control unit to wake up the tive guide to a future in which our relationship with our- vehicle, and it can recognize an owner by their heartbeat selves, nature and technology has changed. Human be- and respiratory pattern. By lifting a hand, a menu is pro- ings see themselves as part of the biosphere and are in jected onto the owner’s palm, permitting a selection of contact with it. The future luxury of Mercedes-Benz will functions. A dash converted into a “curved display mod- be based on this.” ule” is used to present info and connect passengers to the outside world. Paul Seredynski Compostable battery chemistry A first for M-B, the VISION AVTR concept uses a battery featuring a graphene-based organic cell chemistry that is

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ELECTRONICS BOSCH UNVEILS ELECTRONIC SUN VISOR drop-in replacement for the traditional sun-visor, a ubiquitous vehicle staple since the 1920s when it appeared on the Ford Model T and other cars. Bosch’s prototype system features a transparent LCD panel comprised of hexagon-shaped pixels in a honeycomb grid and a driver-facing red, blue and green (RBG) camera to see sun- cast shadows on the face. “Artificial Intelligence is the enabler for the Virtual Visor,” Zink said. According to Todd, “The single most challenging aspect of this development was nailing down an algorithm that can simultaneously track the driver’s face and track shadows cast on the driver’s face, then use that information to update the display AN LCD PANEL WITH HEXAGON PIXELS IS A PRIMARY COMPONENT OF BOSCH’S VIRTUAL VISOR. IF THE SYSTEM HAS A LOSS OF POWER, THE state of the Virtual Visor so that the shadow will line up direct- ENTIRE VISOR DARKENS TO FUNCTION AS A TRADITIONAL VISOR. ly in between the user’s eyes and the sun.” Bosch engineers have re-imagined the sun visor as a transpar- Eyes, nose, mouth and other distinctive features of the face ent liquid crystal display (LCD) panel that uses algorithms to are AI-identified and software-tracked so that the visor’s algo- darken only the area where sunlight hits the driver’s eyes. The rithm-controlled hexagon pixels darken the visor only in the rest of the visor panel remains see-through for visibility. location where the sunlight hits the eyes. Each hexagon pixel “The algorithm is really the magic behind the Virtual Visor,” shape is approximately 2 cm, while the average distance be- Bosch technology expert Jason Zink told SAE’s Automotive tween the eyes is 6.5 cm (2.6 in). “One of the reasons to look Engineering prior to the product’s unveiling at the CES 2020 in for facial landmarks is to make sure that there is a sufficient Las Vegas. shadow covering a visor user’s eyes,” Zink said. Led by Zink, a group of three powertrain engineers in North Squares, rectangles, triangles, and stripes were early pix- America created initial prototypes in their free time to secure el-shape contenders. “By making our pixels hexagon, the re- funding for the concept, which transitioned – after approval – sulting shape, when tessellated, is more circular. And that bet- to the Bosch Car Multimedia division. “I’ve completely lost ter matches your eye shape and the shape of the sun, so It track of how many prototypes we’ve gone through,” software makes sense to cast a circular shadow,” Todd said. engineer Ryan Todd said, “but they can be broadly categorized Bosch officials declined to speculate on a production debut, into six major hardware generations.” but the Virtual Visor is targeted as a replacement for tradition- Seventh-generation hardware is expected to correspond to al sunvisors in light-passenger vehicles and commercial trucks. pilot-project fleet testing. The Virtual Visor is intended as a Kami Buchholz HYUNDAI BRINGS BRAVE NEW TECH TO 2020 SONATA Amid a steadily contracting sedan universe, Hyundai has dug in its heels and thoroughly redesigned and engineered its Sonata for 2020. The eighth-generation model sports a shape- ly (to our eyes) exterior form slightly reminiscent of Audi’s A7. It’s underpinned by a new platform shared with its 2021 Kia Optima cousin that will serve multiple FWD/AWD passenger cars and crossovers, according to senior U.S. product-planning manager, Mike Evanoff. New technology applications include a “Digital Key” that allows Sonata drivers to unlock and start their cars via their SONATA’S SLICK .27-CD EXTERIOR DESIGN HAS LUXURY-CLASS smart phones, Hyundai’s first continuously-variable valve dura- DETAIL, WHILE UNDERBODY ENGINEERING OPTIMIZES AIRFLOW.

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tion system in the new 1.6-L turbo engine, and a solar array overall curb weight re- that extends driving range in a new hybrid propulsion option. duction, comparing 2020-vs.-2019 base mod- Hyundai Group R&D boss Albert Biermann and global design els. Load-path energy chief SangYup Lee conspired to lengthen Sonata’s wheelbase management and IIHS by 1.4 in/35.5 mm (now 111.8 in/2840 mm) and reduce over- small-front-offset crash hangs (20 mm in front) while significantly lowering the front performance were devel- structure to optimize driver sightlines. Cowl and shock-tower opmental priorities, he height are reduced by 8 mm (.31 in); roof height is 30 mm said. Other body-related (nearly 1.2 in) lower, and the leading edge of the hood is 45- details include touch-ca- mm (1.7-in) below that of the previous Sonata. It’s designed to pacitive door handles; a pass “ped-pro” (pedestrian impact) tests. lower-drag grill and re- “We [design team] had to fight for every millimeter!” noted shaped rear spoiler that Kevin Kang, the senior creative manager. “Reducing help achieve .27-Cd aero- shock-tower height was a game-changer for us.” Sonata’s cab- dynamics (vs. .26 Cd for in is spacious even for this gangly 6-ft 3-in-tall editor, though the 2020 Toyota Camry SONATA HMI IS A HARMONIOUS it loses 0.2 in/5 mm of rear seat headroom (but makes up for and .27 Cd for Honda BLEND OF DIGITAL AND it with a variable-density foam in the seat cushions). Kang’s Accord). The underbody MECHANICAL CONTROLS. team obsessively integrated the door armrests with storage systems are designed to manage airflow under the car and space. The human-machine interfaces are an effective blend of through the engine compartment, and front-door glazing is digital and mechanical controls that optimize driver conve- now 5-mm (0.196-in) thick to better attenuate cabin NVH. nience, appearance, and center-console space utilization. Hyundai propulsion engineers pushed new boundaries with There’s a 10.3-in infotainment screen in the dashboard (styled the optional ‘SmartStream’ 1.6-L turbocharged/CVVD unit and to resemble a drone aircraft, Kang said); the touchscreen’s left the solar-blended 2.0-L hybrid (a naturally aspirated 2.5-L is side is angled toward the driver to more cleanly package the the base engine), both mated with an 8-speed automatic, and gauge cluster. A head-up display with exceptional acuity a 2.0-L hybrid-electric powertrain. The big-news CVVD is con- shows navigation commands when the navi is activated. trolled by a fairly complex set of dedicated hardware fitted The “Digital Key” system uses near-field communication (NFC) within the top of the DOHC cylinder head. By varying the to detect when the phone is within four centimeters of the length of time the valves remain open and closed, Hyundai car’s door handle. It can be programmed for use with up to claims CVVD is capable of Atkinson-, Miller-, and Otto-cycle four phones. The system slips into a wireless charger/NFC operation. This gives engineers another “lever” to optimize reader and allows full access to vehicle functions and interior current and future ICE combustion strategies in both boosted adjustments. By comparison, Tesla’s phone-app feature in the and non-boosted applications. Model 3 uses Bluetooth to open the car and adjust settings The new CVVD turbo engine delivers SAE-rated 180 hp (134 when the driver gets within about 30 ft (9.14 m) of the vehicle. kW) at 6,000 rpm and 195 lb-ft (264 Nm) at 1,500 rpm. Brake- The new Sonata/Optima steel-intensive structure increases use specific fuel consumption (BSFC) across the rpm range is 5% of high-strength alloys, including hot-stamped side rails. better than the previous turbo engine, according to Hyundai. According to Evanoff, engineers achieved a 127-lb (57.6-kg) But wait, there’s more: the hybrid model combines a new 2.0-L Atkinson-cycle SmartStream engine with a 38-kW electric machine and 6-speed automatic, for total output of 192 hp (143 kW). The Sonata Hybrid is the first application of Hyundai’s solar-panel roof, designed to recharge the car’s battery and mitigate discharge. Hyundai claims the solar-panel roof can extend the hybrid’s range by 800 miles (nearly 1,290 km) per year, if the solar array operates for six hours per day.

Lindsay Brooke

THE CVVD VALVETRAIN CONTINUOUSLY VARIES THE DURATION OF THE INTAKE VALVES, DELIVERS A CLAIMED 5% BSFC ENHANCEMENT.

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ME_MAR2020-MASTER_Inner.indd 54 02-03-2020 14:55:07 EV MARKET Overview

INDIA’S EV MARKET TO GROW AT CAGR OF 36% TILL 2026; ENERGY STORAGE MARKET TO GROW AT CAGR OF 6.1% BY 2026

Nationally, it is predicted that the market will grow rapidly with support from the government to achieve the targets defined under the FAME-2 scheme and NEMPP2020. Policies such as banning the sales of ICE 2W & 3W in highly polluted cities, scrapping of old vehicles, stringent emission norms, etc. will further drive the EV sales. State governments will also facilitate in accelerating the deployment of EV’s to achieve the targets defined under their EV policies. The First Edition of India Electric Vehicle Market Overview was The Fifth Edition of India Stationary Energy Storage market is recently presented by the India Energy Storage Alliance estimated to be US$ 2.8 billion in 2018, is forecasted to grow at (IESA), India’s leading alliance on energy storage. a CAGR of 6.1% by 2026. The market segments include grid- scale storage applications in solar and wind integration, T&D The Market Overview Report covers the present scenario and deferral, ancillary services etc. Demand for energy storage in forecast of EVs and the public charging infrastructure market Behind The Meter (BTM) applications will account for 68-77% in the country. There is an in-depth analysis of EV battery val- of the cumulative market during 2018-2026, with inverters and ue chain by EV segment, detailed state EV policy analysis, and telecom taking the major share. competitive analysis of EVs and EV battery suppliers. The Market Overview Report is divided into 2 main segments. After the implementation of the FAME India Scheme, the EV market in India has gained significant momentum with EV Segment 1: Electric Vehicle market sales in 2018 hitting 365,920 units and, is expected to grow at This segment covers the total market for electric vehicles in a CAGR of 36% till 2026. The EV battery market in India is esti- India in terms of unit sales and battery market in terms of US$ mated to be US$ 520 Million in 2018 and forecasted to grow at and GWh installation capacity followed by the forecasts till a CAGR of 30% till 2026. The total MWh addition in 2018 hit 2026 for each segment (2W, 3W, 4W, and E-buses). Further, 4.75 GWh and expected to grow till 28.0 GWh by 2026. This is this segment talks about the key opportunities and challenges an encouraging trend for the EV market in the ongoing decade related to growth of electric vehicle market in India. – 2020-2030. Discussions related to key battery cell and pack suppliers in With respect to public charging infrastructure, the market is each segment along with the analysis of leading battery tech- estimated to be US 520 billion in 2018 and forecasted to grow nology and chemistry share in each segment. Market share at a CAGR of 60% till 2026. The total charger sales in 2018 was analysis of key OEMs in each category. Further, this section less than a thousand Units and expected to grow till 50,000 covers the developing policy scenario for electric vehicles in Units by 2026. The base year of the study is 2018, the forecast India, key stakeholders involved, analysis of central as well period is 2019-2026. state level EV policies.

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c) Fast response ancillary services d) Transmission Deferral e) Distribution Utility side integration Each of these sub-segments cover government policies and regulations, detailed analysis of various cases for storage, tenders and project updates, latest trends, annual MWh additions, forecast till 2026, major industry participants. For solar and wind integration, there is a deep dive into the current scenario of renewable energy addition in the country, tariff trend analysis and discussion as well. Segment 2: Electric Vehicle Support Infrastructure market Segment 3: Stationary Storage in behind the meter This segment covers the public charging infrastructure market (BTM) applications in India in terms of unit sales and US$ market followed by forecast till 2026 in terms of connected load. Further, this a) Inverter back-up segment talks about EV charging standards, regulations, b) UPS back-up roadmap, tender analysis, tariff of EV charging in differ- c) Telecom ent cities, market share analysis of key OEMs & Operators, Key business models, key partnerships in charging infra d) Solar rooftop segment, battery swapping stations, solar power stations e) Diesel replacements etc. f) Rural Electrification The Stationary Energy Storage Report is divided into 4 g) Thermal Energy Storage main segments. Each of these sub-segments cover market drivers and re- Segment 1: Total Stationary Storage market straints, explanations as to why storage makes economic This covers the total market revenue in US$ and in GWh sense in application such as solar+ storage and diesel re- installation capacity and its forecasts. Major drivers and placements. Present scenario and forecasts in diesel pric- restraints faced by individual segments in the market. es, solar rooftop installations, and telecom tower installa- Discussion on policy landscape, which covers supportive tions are dealt in the respective sub-segments. policies, pending for approval and required regulations to In each of this application, market forecast in MWh instal- support the market. Technology price trend analysis is lation is projected for time period 2018-2026. Market is also covered in this chapter. Based on the drivers and re- segmented by battery chemistry and competitive market strains in each of the segments, two scenarios are ana- share analysis by top 5 companies is also covered. Sample lyzed; graphs are included below which is common across all 7 a) Base case scenario where the factors affecting the sub-segments listed above. market remain tepid as during base year (2018). Segment 4: Railways b) Best case scenario where the pending policies and Application of storage batteries in railways- rolling stock, regulations are approved, and the market grows at a signaling, backup etc. - the major chemistries used, the faster growth rate. market forecast till 2026 and ompetitor market share Segment 2: Grid Scale Stationary Storage market analysis. This section covers in depth the 5 major applications of For details about the above reports visit: https://indiaesa. stationary storage in grid applications namely: info/resources/industry-reports a) Utility scale solar integration Nikhil Raghavan b) Utility scale wind integration

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TATA ELXSI IOT SOFTWARE POWERS TATA MOTORS CONNECTED VEHICLE PLATFORM

ferentiated products based on our CESS philosophy (Connected, Electrified, Safe & Shared), we are delighted to have partnered with Tata Elxsi which not only allowed us to take the decision of developing a native platform for the Connected Vehicle Program, but also helped us to jump start and meet the critical product launch timelines. Tata Elxsi brings strong automotive electronics experience, coupled with an excellent understanding of cloud-based applications, data gover- nance and world class user Tata Elxsi, a global design and technology services com- experience capabilities. The collaboration between the pany, partnered with Tata Motors in developing their uni- two teams has been outstanding and will continue to en- fied Connected Vehicle Platform that powers the Nexon sure a wonderful customer experience” said Rajendra EV range of electric cars. Petkar, President & CTO of Tata Motors. With a collaborative approach, Tata Motors & Tata Elxsi “We are delighted to partner with Tata Motors in the developed a cloud based IoT Platform which provides Connected Vehicle Program, to help unify and synergize Tata Motors with a common standard technology stack data through a common digital services platform en- that delivers the scalability and high performance re- abling completely new services, innovative business mod- quired to support the entire range of electric, commercial els and enhanced customer experience. We are proud to and passenger vehicles. be a strategic ecosystem partner to Tata Motors in their Tata Motors is in the process of offering the Connected vision for the future of mobility that is Connected, Vehicle feature as a key differentiator to most of its BS6 Electric, Safe and Shared,” said Manoj Raghavan, MD & range of Passenger & Commercial Vehicles. Nexon EV, CEO of Tata Elxsi. “India’s own Electric SUV”, is the very first application en- Tata Elxsi works with leading OEMs and suppliers in the abled vehicle, with a number of connected vehicle fea- automotive and transportation industries for R&D, design tures. and product engineering services from architecture to This unified cloud native approach will enable data & ana- launch and beyond. It brings together domain experience lytics synergies for Tata Motors, across product develop- across Connected Infotainment, Autonomous Driving, ment, customer use cases, dealerships, allied businesses Telematics, Powertrain, Body & Chassis electronics, along and service networks, enabling innovations in customer with digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, experience, offerings, services and business models. Analytics, Cloud and IoT. “In line with Tata Motors stated objective of offering dif- Nikhil Raghavan

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ME_MAR2020-MASTER_Inner.indd 57 02-03-2020 14:55:11 MOTOR Racing

THE EVOLUTION OF ABB FIA FORMULA E CHAMPIONSHIP The ABB FIA Formula E Championship actively promotes electric mobility and renewable energy solutions to contribute to reducing air pollution and fighting against climate change around the world.

What started as nothing more than a shared dream be- the world, in a bid to clear up the air we breathe and tween Formula E Founder Alejandro Agag and FIA make it less toxic. President Jean Todt, sketched on the back of a napkin has grown into the fastest growing motorsport series on After six years and six seasons of racing on the streets of the planet. Ahead of the 2020/21 season, Formula E gains the world’s most progressive cities, Formula E has grown World Championship status to become the ABB FIA into the most competitive motorsport championship, Formula E World Championship. Their mission was to boasting a current line-up of 12 teams and 24 cars and form the world’s first all-electric single seater champion- drivers. The decision to certify the series was taken by ship, to help promote zero-emissions transport around the Federation Internationale de l’Automobile and sitting

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from strength to strength. Within a short timeframe, the series has proven itself relevant for the automotive industry with two more major car manufacturers having joined the championship at the start of the current season, bringing the total number to 10. The commitment and professionalism of those manufacturers and their respective teams is mirrored in the quality of the driver roster, which has improved with every season. Since its first race in Beijing in 2014 and with every E-Prix thereafter, Formula E has proven that the concept of cutting-edge electric racing works. I wholeheartedly welcome Formula E as the latest FIA world championship.”

The ABB FIA Formula E Championship actively promotes electric mobility and renewable energy solutions to con-

ALEJANDRO AGAG WITH THE FORMULA E RACING TEAM DRIVERS. tribute to reducing air pollution and fighting against climate change around the world. Leading Swiss private members of the FIA World Motor Sport Council (WMSC), banking group Julius Baer has today announced its con- who recently voted upon and agreed to move forward tinued partnership with Formula E, extending their with certifying Formula E as a world championship. long-standing affiliation as exclusive Global Partner until “It was always our ambition to one day become an FIA the end of the 2022/23 season. world championship. Everything we have done and deliv- “We are excited to further extend our global partnership ered to this point has been working towards this particu- with Formula E, demonstrating our ongoing commitment lar moment in time,” said Agag. “Achieving the feat and and reliability as a trusted partner. Julius Baer played a being granted with world championship status adds more significant role in the ground-breaking start of the series credibility to what is already a fully-fledged formula of and we continue to support it now that it has successfully racing and a spectacular sporting product. This agree- evolved into an indispensable championship. With its ment and announcement truly puts Formula E in the top unique approach and mission to foster innovation to- tier of international single-seater racing. It has been a tre- wards more sustainable mobility, it reflects the spirit of mendous effort from many people involved and none of it the times and is attracting ever more interest worldwide,” would have been possible without the support of FIA says CEO of Julius Baer, Philipp Rickenbacher. President Jean Todt and the federation, as well as the dedication and commitment shown by our teams and partners. Now we can say we have done it. But it is only the beginning of a new chapter under the banner of the ABB FIA Formula E World Championship.”

Transitioning to the highest level in the FIA sanctioned single-seater hierarchy, means the most competitive line- up of teams and drivers in motorsport will be competing for the newly named ABB FIA Formula E World Championship title next season.

“The creation and development of Formula E has been a great adventure. I am proud that today we confirm its FIA world championship status,” said Jean Todt. “Since we started this journey, Formula E has undoubtedly gone JEAN TODT AND ALEJANDRO AGAG

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Mobility Engineering spoke to Formula E Founder Alejandro Agag and here are his answers to a couple of pertinent questions tion in this space with open wheel, rallying, endurance racing, motorcycle racing and much more.

However, what motorsport did desperately need was a form of racing that had a purpose, with one eye on the future and which remained relevant to the shifting pattern of the automotive industry. That’s Formula E!

The dream of Formula E is to one day make every car an electric car. We aim to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles on a global scale, in a bid to tackle toxic levels of air pollution and counteract the effects of climate change.

We know motorsport isn’t the sole solution to solving the climate crisis, but switching to clean mobility will allow people to breathe clean air in our cities and also play its Please elaborate on the concept, dream and evolution of part in limiting the rise in surface temperatures caused by Formula E since its inception. carbon emissions.

Where do I start!? So much has happened in such a short We want to break down the barriers that’re currently pre- space of time, but it all began at dinner in Paris with FIA venting the uptake of electric cars. Removing range anxi- President Jean Todt and Antonio Tajani (Italian politician, ety with a smaller, lightweight and more efficient battery who most recently served as President of the European - as well as potentially re-introduced pitstops with ul- Parliament) in 2011. tra-fast charging solutions in future seasons are both visible examples to show consumers that electric vehicles are We were talking about various topics and the subject of viable alternative options to their petrol counterparts. the future of transportation was put on the table. Of course, considering some our backgrounds in motorsport, The current Formula E car shows the clear step change this quickly transitioned into the racing realm and I start- we’ve made in only four years with almost twice the ed taking down notes on a napkin… which is actually range and double the energy storage capacity. I’ve always framed in the restaurant today. said it, electric cars and battery technology in its current guise is like old mobile phones from 40 years ago. Big, The initial idea of having an all-electric racing single-seat- heavy and always needing to be plugged in. Now we have er championship was that of Jean Todt and when he went slim smartphones with apps which play videos and easily out to tender in search of a promoter, I put my name in fit in your pocket. the hat and the rest is history, right? They do so much more and last a lot longer. Same applies What was appealing about our offering, was that we’d to where we want to take electric cars. Making them more promised to deliver 40 cars - powertrains and batteries efficient, more affordable and the obvious choice when included - pardon the pun, to ensure teams could come coming to choosing a car. on board without being burdened with too much cost early on. Which when you’re starting out is crucial to What are the benefits from R&D that will impact the au- keep costs under control. tomotive industry?

Clearly there was a gap in the market for an electric car Well, motorsport has always been a laboratory for devel- championship. But motorsport wasn’t exactly crying out oping technologies that eventually filter down to every- for another category. There’s currently so much satura- day cars driven on the road. Historically most of these

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have been safety features, such as wing mirrors, seatbelts the production line of road car models. and carbon brakes, which were all concepts stemming There’s already plenty of examples of technology transfer, from motorsport. with technology first used in Formula E being used in cur- More recently it has been about transferring elements of rent road cars getting rolled out on the forecourts of au- the engine and lubricants to improve performance and tomakers. reliability. However, the automotive industry is changing The Jaguar I-PACE takes the same technology used by in a big way and motorsport must also change to reflect the Panasonic Jaguar Racing team. The NIO EP9 and that. Again, that’s where Formula E comes in. Aston Martin Rapide E too take inspiration from the elec- We’ve structured the series in a way that allows teams tric motors made in Formula E. The Rapide E also uses and manufacturers a certain level of creative freedom to the same battery technology from the cells created for design and develop their own parts. Particularly around Formula E by Williams Advanced Engineering for the first the powertrain and software systems. With strict regula- four-year cycle. You also have the Audi e-tron and future tions in place restricting any changes to the bodywork or Nissan Leaf models that will also take learnings directly aerodynamics, this forces creative minds and engineering from Formula E. experts to focus all their energy and resource on parts This makes Formula E arguably the most road-relevant relevant to electric car performance. category in motorsport right now. Teams want to win and earn bragging rights over their rivals. The heat of competition drives development on the Nikhil Raghavan racetrack and that same technology is then transferred to

THE FORMULA E CARS FILING THROUGH THE FORO SOL STADIUM SECTION ADORNED WITH JULIUS BAER BRANDING, AS THOUSANDS OF FANS WATCH ON DURING LAST YEAR’S CBMM NIOBIUM MEXICO CITY E-PRIX.

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ME_MAR2020-MASTER_Inner.indd 61 02-03-2020 14:55:18 INTERVIEW

A GLOBAL VIEW OF THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE AND AERONAUTICAL INDUSTRY

With multiple responsibilities as CEO of SAE International, Dr. David L. Schutt oversees the global management and operations of the $150M SAE Group, consisting of SAE International (SAE), The Performance Review Institute (PRI), the Industry Technologies Consortia (ITC) and several subsidiaries and joint ventures.

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Dr. Schutt also serves on a variety of not-for-profit and Internationally, where do you see the EV segment head- for-profits boards, national commissions and local busi- ing to? Do you think EV will disrupt or complement the ness organizations. Prior to joining SAE International in existing market? 2007, Dr. Schutt worked at the American Chemical I think it will complement the existing industry. We are Society (ACS) in several executive management positions. learning very exciting things from the early entrants in Dr. Schutt holds a doctorate in physical chemistry from the EV industry. The market has yet to accept them as a Princeton University and a bachelor’s degree from Calvin fundamental alternative. As the infrastructure builds, the College. He also earned an M.B.A. from Johns Hopkins confidence will build. The thing that often complicates University. people’s minds is the electrification of the power train During his recent visit to India to be an integral part of the and the autonomous and connected vehicle. The technol- Aerospace Forum’s 10th Anniversary celebrations and ogies are being developed simultaneously but they are SAEINDIA’s iTEC 2019, Mobility Engineering spoke to Dr. two different things. Schutt on various aspects of mobility. How does SAE International influence the major auto- As CEO of SAE International, how do you foresee the EV motive industries the world over? growth in key markets like Asia, for instance? I don’t think we influence in any way, but we provide an It is a whole new ecosystem that’s being built for mobility environment where the industry can come together to – new players, new entrants, new business models, new develop a collective and shared perspective and when behaviours, etc. and I think there is a clear commitment they implement that, the industry can become more com- and a whole new business movement towards it. I still petitive. That’s really the basis of our standards – what is don’t think the traditional OEs know it and it will take a the best approach to do things? We have a whole lot of while for the market to accept it. They will have to move activities going on in the Connected, Automated, Shared, that way politically and in business, and the market has to Electrified arena; 27 committees on batteries alone and catch up with them. In Asia that will be a prominent chal- another important one, Automated Vehicle Safety lenge, given the infrastructure, costs. Consortium. Many safety guidelines are formulated here and the public has to accept this, and for that to happen, What is happening in China, will it disrupt the Asian the safety aspect has to be put in place by the manufac- market? turers. OEMs have agreed to implement our safety princi- China has the capacity to invest and build and experi- ples within vehicles with standardisation of safety drivers. ment within their own country and they will contribute to the knowledge and approach and will seek to export it, How do you foresee growth in the aerospace and aero- but I don’t think they will be singularly able to define the nautical industries? Asian market. There’s too much talent, knowledge and There’s a lot of talent and capability in India and histori- variations in the marketplace across Asia and the rest of cally the focus has been on military applications and the world. space. As India moves forward and away from that to commercial and civil areas, there is a lot of talent to be Do you think India can match up to what China is doing? tapped into. The aerospace industry is always looking for Absolutely. The advantage that China has, is that they can cost-effective and efficient supply chain solutions and as make a singular, concerted effort; that’s their business some of the capabilities move from military to civil, stan- and economic model. But certainly, India has the techni- dards and certifications will come into play. I would say cal capacity and viability within the marketplace. that there is a lot of opportunities here and it all depends What do we lack? on who is going to invest and where and how. I don’t think it is the standards. I think it is the complexity Nikhil Raghavan of the marketplace which is built on a very distributed model and India has a wider variation of needs. Infrastructure can be mandated and built organically. China has the capacity of top-down whereas India is definitely a bottom-up.

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ME_MAR2020-MASTER_Inner.indd 63 02-03-2020 14:55:18 PHOTO FEATURE FIRST INDIAN AIR FORCE RAFALE HANDOVER TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.

Defence Minister Rajnath Singh received the first Rafale jet at an air base in France on October 8. The first batch of four Rafale aircraft will arrive in India by May 2020. Rafale fighter jets, manufactured by France- based Dassault Aviation, are twin-engine multi-role fighter aircraft. These are nuclear capable and can engage in both air-to-air and air-to-ground attacks.

64 MARCH 2020 MOBILITY ENGINEERING

Published by K. Venkataraj. Printed by S. Arumugam on behalf of SAEINDIA. Printed at Hitech Offset (P) Ltd, 11, Srinivasa Nagar Main Road, Koyambedu, Chennai 600107. Published from SAEINDIA, 1/17, 3 rd Cross, Kasturba Nagar, Adyar, Chennai 600020. Editor: K. Venkataraj

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What’s so special about this color table?

Visualization of the corrosion rate on the surface of an unprotected aluminum fender in contact with an engine cover made of unprotected Kevlar.

8% of men and 0.4% of women see the significance of the plot above. It uses a color table created so that people with color vision deficiency can accurately interpret simulation results. And that’s a beautiful thing. The Cividis color table, courtesy of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, is available in the COMSOL Multiphysics® software for simulating designs, devices, and processes in all fields of engineering, manufacturing, and scientific research.

comsol.blog/cividis

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