GOVERNMENT OF

REPORT ON RURAL WAGES 2018-19

DIRECTORATE OF PLANNING, STATISTICS & EVALUATION PORVORIM - GOA. P R E F A C E

The annual brochure on “Rural Wages” is being brought by the Directorate of Planning, Statistics and Evaluation (DPSE) since 1975-76. The present edition is the 36th in the series and incorporates data related to rural wages prevalent in the State of Goa during the agricultural year 2018-19 (July to June) for various agricultural and non-agricultural activities.

The data is presented taluka-wise and operation/activity-wise and indicates the wage trends during the year 2018-19, both for male and female workers.

This brochure will serve as a useful tool in the study of wage patterns prevailing in the State.

The information is collected from four selected sample villages of each taluka of the State for different occupations. The field work is carried out by Village level Revenue Staff and the Block level Statistical Assistants of this Directorate who constitute the Primary Reporting Agency and the Report is prepared by the Coordination Division of this Directorate.

It is the endeavor of this Directorate to reduce the time lag in releasing the report. The limitation of the data presented in this report is that the wages reported in the four selected villages of each taluka represent the respective taluka.

Suggestions for improvement in the content and quality of this publication are welcome.

Dr. Y. Durga Prasad Director

Place: Porvorim-Goa. Date: August, 2021. CONTENTS

Sr. Details Page No. No.

1 Introduction, Scope and Coverage, Wage Trends 1 - 8

2 Annexure – I (District/Taluka/Villages selected for Collection of 9 data)

3 Detailed Statistical Tables 10-19

I N T R O D U C T I O N

Rural wages data has vital significance in terms of planned development of agricultural/rural sectors engaged in various related operations, skilled or unskilled. This data is also essential for carrying out cost of cultivation studies for studying the economic pattern of different crops, given the fact that Agriculture is one of the primary and important activities of the State, and the agriculture sector contributes about 7% of the State’s income. People residing mainly in the rural parts of Goa thrive on agricultural activities such as crop cultivation, plantation, ploughing, transplanting, harvesting, irrigating, manuring, threshing, weeding, green manuring, tilling etc. for earning their daily livelihood. Non-agricultural activities comprise toddy tapping, coconut plucking, arecanut and cashew harvesting, carpentry, masonry, pottery, laundry, bamboo and cane weaving, cattle grazing, stone cutting/hewing, casual labour etc. Minimum wage is the pillar of Human Development Index and availability of reliable information on wages as well as a study of the prevailing rural wages is essential for the purpose of effective enforcement of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (Central Act 11 of 1948). This Act provides the basis for fixation and periodical revision of minimum wage rates in agriculture and other employments in the unorganized sector in the rural areas, with the aim of up-lifting the poor and marginal sections of the society. As per the Act, eight hours of work per day constitutes a normal working day and the same rates of wages are to be paid to male and female casual labourers for the same category and for equal work done. Vide Notification published in the Official Gazette, Series I, No. 7 (Extraordinary No. 3), dated 24th May, 2016, the in consultation with the Minimum Wage Advisory Board has revised the rates of minimum wages payable to the various categories of daily wage workers/labourers employed in agricultural activities and allied skilled and unskilled labour, effective from the date of publication.

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The Directorate of Planning, Statistics and Evaluation has been collecting and compiling data on rural wages based on a survey of 4 villages selected from each of the 12 talukas in the State and bringing out a report annually in terms of spatial and temporal variations covering agricultural and some of the rural based non-agricultural operations.

Scope and Coverage

The State of Goa is divided into 2 districts viz. and comprising of 12 talukas. Five talukas constitute the North Goa district and seven talukas form the South Goa district. Data on rural wages presented in this report is collected from 4 sample villages from each of the 12 talukas.

The data is scrutinized, compiled and the results are presented in this report. District/taluka-wise and operation/activity-wise data on average daily wages, separately for adult male and female labourers/workers is presented for various agricultural and non-agricultural operations, for the agricultural year July 2018 to June 2019. The list of the selected 48 villages from the 12 talukas is given in Annexure I.

Table no. I presents the taluka-wise data on average daily wages of agricultural labourers engaged in activities affiliated to cultivation of field crops. Table no. III presents similar data for plantation crops such as coconut, areca-nut, cashew-nut etc. Table nos. II, IV and VI present district-wise distribution of average daily wages for agricultural labourers engaged in field crop activities, plantation activities, skilled and unskilled activities. Table no. V represents the average daily wages of skilled workers mainly comprising artisans like blacksmiths, bamboo and cane workers, carpenters, masons, potters, stone cutters etc. and for unskilled workers such as cattle grazers/cowherds, casual labour etc. for the year 2018-19.

Wage Trends for Agricultural Activities I Field Crops The taluka-wise and sex-wise distribution of average daily wages earned by -2- labourers involved in field crop activities during the year 2018-19 are depicted in Table no. I. The study indicates that digging, ploughing, transplanting, irrigation, green manuring, weeding, paddy harvesting and threshing constitute the major activities under field crops.

As can be seen from Table No. I, the average daily wages paid to male labourers engaged in field crop activities in the State ranged from ₹328/- to ₹1250/- while for women it registered a lower trend ranging from a highest of ₹800/- to the lowest being ₹269/-. A standard daily wage rate of ₹500/- and ₹575/- prevailed in Bicholim and talukas in North Goa respectively for almost all field crop activities in case of male labourers. Whereas, in the case of female labourers, a standard daily wage rate of ₹500/- was registered for transplanting, weeding, harvesting, threshing and general agriculture work like winnowing, uprooting, stacking etc. for female labourers in taluka of North Goa.

Ploughing is the only activity which is man oriented and commanded the highest wage of ₹1250/- per day in taluka in South Goa and the lowest wage of ₹406/- in taluka in North Goa. In case of other field crop activities, weeding and harvesting earned the highest wage of ₹1000/- per day for men in Mormugao taluka in South Goa whereas men earned the lowest wage of ₹328/- for irrigation in in North Goa.

Female labourers commanded the highest wages in Mormugao taluka in South Goa for weeding at ₹800/- and the lowest in Pernem taluka in North Goa for irrigation work at ₹269/-. So also, women earned more for harvesting and ploughing at ₹650/- and ₹600/- per day in Mormugao and Salcete talukas in South Goa respectively.

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Table II displays the district-wise and sex-wise distribution of daily wages earned by agricultural labourers for various field crop activities. It is seen that the cost of male labour for field crop activities is higher in South Goa district than in North Goa district for all field crops activities. Cost of female labour in South Goa district follows a similar trend of higher wages than in North Goa district except in case of transplanting. -3-

At the State level, the average daily wages earned by male labourers and female labourers involved in various field crop activities during the year 2018-19 was ₹565/- and ₹396/- respectively.

II Plantation Crops Table no. III portrays the taluka-wise and sex-wise average wages earned by agricultural labourers, both men and women engaged in plantation and related activities during the year 2018-19.

Plantation related activities comprise digging of pits, plantation of crops, green manuring, irrigation, coconut and arecanut plucking/harvesting and gathering, other activities (like mango, banana and pineapple harvesting, pepper harvesting etc.), cashew apple and nut collection, cashew juice/nira extraction, toddy tapping, de-husking coconut, arecanut and other de-husking activities.

As can be seen from Table No. III, the average daily wages paid to male labourers were in the range of ₹300/- to ₹1525/- for plantation activities, the highest being for coconut plucking in Mormugao taluka and the least wage being towards Nira extraction in taluka in South Goa. Male labourers in Tiswadi taluka in North Goa recorded a standard daily wage rate of ₹600/- for digging, plantation, green manuring, cashew-apple and nut collection, toddy tapping and Nira extraction. So also, a standard wage rate of ₹1,000/- prevailed for harvesting and de-husking of coconut and arecanut for the same taluka.

In case of female labourers, the average daily wages paid for all types of plantation activities ranged between ₹200/- to ₹675/- the highest being for collection of cashew-apples and nuts in and the least wage being towards Nira extraction in Dharbandora taluka in South Goa.

In North Goa, women in taluka had a standard daily wage rate of ₹400/- for all plantation activities except for collection of coconut, arecanut, cashew- apple and nuts.

Coconut plucking activity commanded the best daily wages for men ranging from

-4- ₹1525/- to ₹1000/- in Bicholim, Tiswadi, Canacona, Mormugao and Quepem talukas. So also, arecanut harvesting earned a handsome wage of ₹1000/- in Bicholim, Tiswadi and Mormugao talukas. However, in Ponda and Bardez talukas, the daily wages paid for coconut plucking and arecanut harvesting was less than 50% at about ₹425/- to ₹463/- as compared to the wages earned in other talukas. Conversely, women labourers earned wages of ₹428/- per day towards coconut and arecanut collection in taluka of South Goa District.

Men in Quepem taluka and women in in South Goa district engaged in cashew juice/nira extraction recorded the highest daily wage of ₹1050/- and ₹550/- respectively. While Dharbandora taluka in South Goa district recorded the lowest daily wage amounting to ₹300/- and ₹200/- paid to men and women for the same work.

The highest daily wage for de-husking of coconut and arecanut of ₹1000/- was paid to men in Mormugao and Tiswadi talukas as compared to women who earned ₹488/- per day in Sanguem taluka for the same activity which is less than 50% of the wages earned by male labourers. Pernem taluka recorded the lowest daily wage for men of ₹375/- and ₹381/- for plantation and green manuring respectively. Similarly, women labourers too recorded the lowest wage of ₹294/- for both these activities.

Table no. IV gives the district-wise and sex-wise distribution of average daily wages commanded by labourers engaged in plantation crops activities. It is seen from the table that South Goa district dominates the wage scene both for men as well as women labourers as far as plantation related work is concerned.

At the State level, the average daily wages earned by male labourers involved in various plantation crop activities during the year 2018-19 was ₹653/-, the highest being for coconut harvesting at ₹868/- and the lowest being for irrigation at ₹513/-. In respect of female labourers, the average daily wage earned amounted to ₹399/-, the highest being for cashew-apple and nut collection at ₹443/- and the lowest being for other de-husking activities at ₹354/-.

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III Skilled and Unskilled Workers other than Agricultural labourers (i) Skilled Workers Activities such as carpentry, blacksmithing, masonry, bamboo & cane weaving, pottery, weaving, stone cutting and other skilled labour such as cobbler/shoe repairs, grinding, sharpening of implements, sawing, painting etc. make up for some of the major non-agricultural activities requiring skilled labour.

Table no. V portrays the taluka-wise and sex-wise average wages of skilled workers in rural Goa for the year 2018-19. Amongst the skilled male workers engaged in non-agricultural operations, carpentry, blacksmithing, masonry are the three occupations which are predominantly undertaken by men.

As far as skilled labour is concerned, the average daily wages for men ranged from ₹367/- to ₹1200/-, the highest being towards stone cutting in Mormugao taluka in South Goa and the lowest wages being paid towards other skilled labour work in Bardez taluka in North Goa. The average daily wages for women ranged from a ₹283/- to ₹800/-, the highest being in Salcete taluka in South Goa towards other skilled labour work and the lowest being towards stone cutting in Pernem taluka in North Goa.

A standard daily wage of ₹800/- and ₹688/- prevailed in Bicholim and Sattari talukas in North Goa district respectively for all the work related to skilled male labour. In case of women, a standard wage of ₹700/- was paid for carpentry, blacksmithing and mansonary work in Salcete taluka in South Goa District.

Men earned higher daily wages for carpentry at ₹1175/-, ₹1063/- and ₹1038/- in Darbandora, Mormugao and Salcete talukas in South Goa respectively. Blacksmithing, weaving and other activities related to skilled labour done by men recorded a higher daily wage of ₹1000/- in Mormugao taluka in South Goa. So also, in Bicholim, Tiswadi and Salcete, a standard wage rate of ₹800/- was observed for bamboo and cane workers.

ii) Unskilled Workers Non-agricultural unskilled activities such as cattle grazing, washing of clothes

-6- and casual labour for construction work and others, etc. are also considered for compilation of rural wages.

The average daily wages for male workers engaged in unskilled labour for the year 2018-19 ranged from ₹229/- to ₹863/- while for women it was anywhere between ₹229/- to ₹550/-.

In Mormugao taluka in South Goa, casual labour and other unskilled activities gained the highest daily wages for men amounting to ₹863/- and ₹813/- respectively. However, women earned the highest daily wage of ₹550/- and

₹538/- respectively for casual labour in Bardez and Salcete talukas in South Goa.

Men and women workers in Bardez taluka in North Goa were paid the lowest wage of ₹229/- for other unskilled activities.

Table VI gives the district-wise and sex-wise distribution of average daily wages commanded by skilled workers and unskilled workers in rural Goa for the year 2018-19. At the State level, the average daily wages earned by male labourers involved in skilled labour activities was ₹719/-, the highest being for carpentry and weaving at ₹825/- and the lowest being for other skilled activities amounting to ₹600/-. While in the case of female labourers, the average daily wages earned amounted to ₹477/-, the highest being for carpentry and blacksmithing at ₹700/- and the lowest being for pottery amounting to ₹288/-.

In case of unskilled labour activities, at the State level, the average daily wages earned by labourers during the year 2018-19 were ₹531/- for men and ₹370/- for women, the highest being for other unskilled activities amounting to ₹585/- and the lowest being for cattle grazing amounting to ₹454/- for men whereas for women, the highest being for casual labour amounting to ₹417/- and the lowest being for other unskilled activities amounting to ₹339/-.

Findings As per the Minimum Wage Act 1948 as amended in the year 2016, the average minimum rates of wages payable to the following categories of work is as under: -7-

Average Wage Rate (in ₹) Sl. Categories of Activities As per the Minimum Prevalent in Goa during No. Wage Act 1948 the year 2018-19 1 Agricultural field crops ₹361/- ₹481/- activities 2 Plantation activities ₹335/- ₹531/- 3 Skilled labour ₹395/- ₹598/- 4 Unskilled labour ₹332/- ₹450/-

It is evident from the above table, that the average rates of rural wages prevailing in the State of Goa for various categories of agricultural and allied activities are higher than the average minimum wage rate prescribed in the Minimum Wage Act 1948 as amended in the year 2016. The daily rural wages prevailing in South Goa district for all activities covered in the report are higher than those in North Goa district. It is pertinent to note that although the Minimum Wages Act 1948 provides for payment of equal wages to male and female labourers for the same category of work and for equal work done, glaring disparities still exist in the rates of wages where women are still paid less as compared to men. It can also be concluded that the cost of labour in Goa is high.

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ANNEXURE – I DISTRICT-WISE AND TALUKA-WISE VILLAGES SELECTED FOR COLLECTION OF RURAL WAGES DATA DURING THE YEAR 2018-19

NORTH GOA DISTRICT SOUTH GOA DISTRICT

1. TISWADI 1. SANGUEM a. Mercurim a. Neturlim b. St.Estevam b. c. Carambolim c. Callem d. Goa Velha d. 2. BARDEZ 2. CANACONA a. Sucorro a. Cola b. Siolim b. Loliem c. Calangute c. Nagarcem, Palolem d. Aldona d. Poinguinim 3. PERNEM 3. QUEPEM a. Corgao a. Bali b. Morgim b. Cotambi c. c. Xeldem d. Dhargalim d. Molcornem 4. BICHOLIM 4. SALCETE a. Surla a. Nuvem b. Pali b. Varca c. Mayem c. Raia d. Latambarcem d. Curtorim 5. SATTARI 5. MORMUGAO a. Poriem a. Sancoale b. Pissurlem b. Cortalim c. c. Cansaulim d. Morlem d. Chicalim

6. DHARBANDORA a. Collem b. Mollem c. Pilliem d. Codli 7. PONDA a. Usgao b. Marcaim c. Bandora d. Shiroda

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Statistical Tables

LIST OF STATISTICAL TABLES

TABLE PAGE PARTICULARS NO. NO. Taluka-wise and Sex-wise distribution of average Daily I Wages of Agricultural Labourers for Agricultural Field 11-12 Crops Activities in Goa State during the year 2018-19 District-wise and Sex-wise distribution of average Daily II Wages of Agricultural Labourers for Agricultural Field 13 Crops Activities in Goa State during the year 2018-19 Taluka-wise and Sex-wise distribution of average Daily

III Wages of Agricultural Labourers for Plantation Crops 14-15 activities in Goa State during the year 2018-19 District-wise and Sex-wise distribution of average daily IV wages of Agricultural Labourers for Plantation Crops 16 activities in Goa State during the year 2018-19 Taluka-wise and Sex-wise distribution of average Daily V Wages for Skilled and Unskilled activities in Goa State 17-18 during the year 2018-19 District-wise and Sex-wise distribution of average daily VI wages for Skilled and Unskilled activities during the year 19 2018-19

-10- Table No. I Taluka-wise and Sex-wise distribution of average Daily Wages of Agricultural Labourers for Agricultural Field Crops Activities in Goa State during the year 2018-19 (in ₹) General Sr. District/Taluka Digging Ploughing Transplanting Irrigation Manuring Weeding Harvesting Threshing Agriculture No. work 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 MEN NORTH GOA 497 506 507 460 489 491 513 506 499 1 Bardez 438 463 458 438 350 367 479 433 425 2 Bicholim 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 3 Pernem 420 406 400 328 419 415 413 422 395 4 Sattari 575 563 575 575 575 575 575 575 575 5 Tiswadi 550 600 600 - 600 600 600 600 600 SOUTH GOA 600 838 578 503 575 688 639 668 610 6 Canacona 550 700 - 500 - - 500 - - 7 Darbandora 550 630 583 450 513 500 567 - 570 8 Mormugao 800 1086 650 644 - 1000 1000 867 713 9 Quepem 500 900 - 550 600 - 600 600 600 10 Salcete 825 1250 - 557 738 750 771 771 775 11 Sanguem 500 800 - 421 525 - 635 700 500 12 Ponda 475 500 500 400 500 500 400 400 500 Average for Goa State 549 672 543 482 532 590 576 587 555 Contd... -11- Table No. I (concluded) Taluka-wise and Sex-wise distribution of average Daily Wages of Agricultural Labourers for Agricultural Field Crops Activities in Goa State during the year 2018-19 (in ₹) WOMEN General Sr. District/Taluka Digging Ploughing Transplanting Irrigation Manuring Weeding Harvesting Threshing Agriculture No. work 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 NORTH GOA 359 358 408 342 330 364 375 370 373 1 Bardez 400 400 400 400 300 300 358 333 350 2 Bicholim - - 400 375 400 400 400 400 400 3 Pernem - - 291 269 294 297 294 294 288 4 Sattari 317 316 450 325 325 325 325 325 325 5 Tiswadi - - 500 - - 500 500 500 500 SOUTH GOA 389 500 392 369 422 469 458 423 416 6 Canacona - - 400 383 - 400 400 - - 7 Darbandora 380 - 325 300 - 336 360 325 340 8 Mormugao - 400 383 - - 800 650 - 466 9 Quepem 300 - 400 - - 400 425 417 400 10 Salcete 538 600 450 525 525 557 557 557 538 11 Sanguem - - 436 336 440 442 515 515 400 12 Ponda 338 - 350 300 300 350 300 300 350 Average for Goa State 374 429 400 356 376 417 417 397 395

-12- Table No. II District-wise and Sex-wise distribution of average Daily Wages of Agricultural Labourers for Agricultural Field Crops Activities in Goa State during the year 2018-19 (in ₹) Men Women Agricultural North Goa South Goa Average for North Goa South Goa Average for Activities District District Goa State District District Goa State 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Digging 497 600 549 374 389 382 Ploughing 506 838 672 358 500 429 Transplanting 507 578 543 408 392 400 Irrigation 460 503 482 342 369 356 Manuring 489 575 532 330 422 376 Weeding 491 688 590 364 469 417 Harvesting 513 639 576 375 458 417 Threshing 506 668 587 370 423 397 General Agriculture work 499 610 555 373 416 395 Total 4468 5699 5084 3294 3838 3566

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Table No. III Taluka-wise and Sex-wise distribution of average Daily Wages of Agricultural Labourers for Plantation Crops Activities in Goa State during the year 2018-19 (in ₹) MEN Harvesting Cashew Dehusking Water Nira Sr. Taluka/ Digging Planta- Green apples and Toddy Irriga- Areca- extrac- No. District of pits tion manuring Coconut Others nut tapping Coconut Arecanut Others tion nut tion collection 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 NORTH GOA 505 497 501 463 757 780 650 508 550 550 629 638 694 1 Bardez 424 433 450 425 433 425 450 433 500 500 475 500 - 2 Bicholim 500 500 500 500 1000 1000 - 500 - - - - - 3 Pernem 424 375 381 353 650 675 500 500 - - 413 413 388 4 Sattari 575 575 575 575 700 800 ------5 Tiswadi 600 600 600 - 1000 1000 1000 600 600 600 1000 1000 1000 SOUTH GOA 611 666 688 562 978 743 800 695 729 784 759 769 725 6 Ponda 450 550 - 383 450 463 - 400 417 - 500 550 - 7 Canacona 550 - 700 500 1288 733 - 850 - 1000 700 - - 8 Darbandora 600 500 480 538 892 883 - 611 - 300 720 720 - 9 Mormugao 800 800 800 500 1525 1000 - - 1000 - 1000 1000 650 10 Quepem 600 900 900 800 1000 933 - 900 - 1050 800 - - 11 Salcete 775 757 750 738 888 400 800 800 - 833 833 817 800 12 Sanguem 500 488 500 477 800 788 - 606 771 738 758 758 - Average for Goa State 558 582 595 513 868 762 725 602 640 667 694 704 710 Contd... -14- Table No. III (Concluded) Taluka-wise and Sex-wise distribution of average Daily Wages of Agricultural Labourers for Plantation Crops Activities in Goa State during the year 2018-19 (in ₹) WOMEN Harvesting Cashew Dehusking Water Nira Sr. Taluka/ Digging Planta- Green apples and Toddy Irriga- Areca- extrac- No. District of pits tion manuring Coconut Others nut tapping Coconut Arecanut Others tion nut tion collection 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 NORTH GOA 400 355 355 378 380 350 320 417 400 400 400 365 288 1 Bardez 400 400 400 400 380 350 350 367 400 400 400 400 - 2 Bicholim - 400 400 400 - - - 400 - - - 400 - 3 Pernem - 294 294 387 - - 290 400 - - - 294 288 4 Sattari - 325 325 325 ------5 Tiswadi ------500 - - - - -

SOUTH GOA 440 434 429 389 414 409 500 469 400 403 408 440 419 6 Ponda 350 400 - 275 - 400 - 300 - - 300 350 - 7 Canacona - - 500 400 - - - 675 - - - 433 - 8 Darbandora 410 418 350 355 400 400 - 400 - 200 392 392 - 9 Mormugao 400 450 - 400 ------363 10 Quepem ------500 - - - 528 - 11 Salcete 600 514 467 525 - - 500 475 400 460 450 450 475 12 Sanguem - 388 400 377 428 428 - 463 - 550 488 488 - Average for Goa State 420 395 392 384 397 380 410 443 400 402 404 403 354

-15- Table No. IV District-wise and Sex-wise distribution of average Daily Wages of Agricultural Labourers for Plantation Crops Activities in Goa State during the year 2018-19 (in ₹) Men Women Agricultural Activity North Goa South Goa Average for North Goa South Goa Average for District District Goa State District District Goa State 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Digging of pits 505 611 558 400 440 420 Plantation 497 666 582 355 434 395 Green manuring 501 688 595 355 429 392 Water Irrigation 463 562 513 378 389 384 Coconut Harvesting 757 978 868 380 414 397 Arecanut Harvesting 780 743 762 350 409 380 Harvesting Others 650 800 725 320 500 410 Cashew, apples and nut 508 695 602 417 469 443 collection Toddy tapping 550 729 640 400 400 400 Nira extraction 550 784 667 400 403 402 Coconut Dehusking 629 759 694 400 408 404 Arecanut Dehusking 638 769 704 365 440 403 Dehusking Others 694 725 710 288 419 354 Total 7722 9509 8620 4808 5554 5184

-16- Table No. V Taluka-wise and Sex-wise distribution of average Daily Wages of Labourers engaged in Skilled and Unskilled Activities in Goa State during the year 2018-19 (in ₹) MEN SKILLED UNSKILLED Casual Labour Bamboo Cattle ( for cons- Sr.No. Taluka Carpen- Black- Stone Washer Mason and Cane Potter Weaver Others Graz- truction and Others ter smith Cutter man Worker ing other general activities) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 NORTH GOA 740 664 750 639 659 649 679 516 486 482 524 387 1 Bardez 575 600 550 433 - - 500 367 500 - 500 229 2 Bicholim 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 - 500 500 500 - 3 Pernem 763 566 750 475 488 459 756 494 369 372 447 356 4 Sattari 688 688 688 688 688 688 688 688 575 575 575 575 5 Tiswadi 875 - 963 800 - - 650 - - - 600 - SOUTH GOA 910 792 785 582 650 1000 796 683 421 553 605 782 6 Ponda 475 400 475 375 - - 475 400 325 363 425 - 7 Canacona 813 - 650 - 700 - 775 693 500 600 513 - 8 Darbandora 1175 950 950 500 - - 675 - 375 - 538 - 9 Marmugao 1063 1000 856 600 - 1000 1200 1000 500 550 863 813 10 Quepem 950 - 800 600 - - 800 - - 700 663 - 11 Salcete 1038 957 988 800 600 - - 640 467 - 788 750 12 Sanguem 853 654 775 617 - - 850 - 359 - 447 - Average for Goa State 825 728 768 611 655 825 738 600 454 518 565 585 Contd... -17- Table No. V (concluded) Taluka-wise and Sex-wise distribution of average Daily Wages of Labourers engaged in Skilled and Unskilled Activities in Goa State during the year 2018-19 (in ₹) WOMEN SKILLED UNSKILLED Casual Labour Bamboo Cattle ( for cons- Sr.No. Taluka Carpen- Black- Stone Washer Mason and Cane Potter Weaver Others Graz- truction and Others ter smith Cutter man Worker ing other general activities) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 NORTH GOA 0 0 500 350 288 291 283 303 397 346 423 262 1 Bardez - - 500 400 - - - - 500 - 550 229 2 Bicholim ------400 400 400 - 3 Pernem - - - 300 288 291 283 303 291 291 338 294 4 Sattari ------325 - 5 Tiswadi ------500 - SOUTH GOA 700 700 700 361 0 0 525 650 352 350 401 416 6 Ponda - - - 288 - - - - 300 288 325 - 7 Canacona ------500 450 413 - 8 Darbandora ------350 - 300 - 381 - 9 Marmugao - - 700 - - - 700 500 - - 378 381 10 Quepem ------400 400 425 - 11 Salcete 700 700 700 - - - - 800 - 263 538 450 12 Sanguem - - - 433 - - - - 259 - 347 - Average for Goa State 700 700 600 356 288 291 404 477 375 348 417 339

-18- Table No. VI District-wise and Sex-wise distribution of average Daily Wages of Labourers engaged in Skilled and Unskilled Activities during the year 2018-19 (in ₹) Men Women Skilled Activities North Goa South Goa Average for North Goa South Goa Average for District District Goa State District District Goa State 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Carpenter 740 910 825 - 700 700 Blacksmith 664 792 728 - 700 700 Mason 750 785 768 500 700 600 Bamboo and Cane Worker 639 582 611 350 361 356 Potter 659 650 655 288 - 288 Weaver 649 1000 825 291 - 291 Stone Cutter 679 796 738 283 525 404 Others 516 683 600 303 650 477 Total 5296 6198 5750 2015 3636 3816

Men Women Un-Skilled Activities North Goa South Goa Average for North Goa South Goa Average for District District Goa State District District Goa State 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cattle Grazing 486 421 454 397 352 375 Washerman 482 553 518 346 350 348 Casual Labour 524 605 565 423 401 417 Others 387 782 585 262 416 339 Total 1879 2361 2122 1428 1519 1479

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