’ CONRAD WEIS ER S JO" RNAL OF A T O" R TO TH E O H IO A" G" S T 1 1 O CTOBER 2 1 8 , 74

: s lva i lo c - S O" RCE Pe a Co ial Re ords v . 8 8 with nn y n n , , pp 34 35 ; v ri i fro m Pe s lva ia H is o c l oll c io i 2 - a at ons t ri a C e t s . . nn y n n , , pp 3 33

INT RO D " CTO RY NOT E

o ne of Conrad Weiser, the most prominent agents in the management o f Indian aff airs during the later French Wiirtember wars , was a native Of g, being born November

2 1 6 6 . , 9 When Conrad was but fourteen years Old , his

o f father, John Conrad Weiser, led a party Palatines to America where they lived four years on the Livingston

1 1 . manor in New York, and in 7 4 removed to Schoharie There young Weiser came in close contact with the

Mohawk Indians , was adopted into their tribe , and living among them for some years became master o f their language .

1 2 l In 7 9 , he and his fami y , consisting Of a wife and five young children , removed to Berks (then Lancaster) ’ e County , Pennsylvania , where a numb r of Weiser s countrymen had preceded them . The new homestead

' was a mile east Of the present town Of Womelsdorf, and became the centre o f an extended hospitality both for

Pennsylvania Germans and visiting Indians . When Reading was laid o ut Weiser was o ne Of the com f o r missioners that purpose , building therein a house and store that are still standing .

r 1 1 His fi st employment as an interpreter was in 73 , when forty shillings were allotted him for his services . From this time forward he was Official interpreter for n Pen sylvania , and for thirty years was employed in every important Indian transaction . The Pennsylvania Coun “ cil testified in 1 736 that they had found Conrad faith full and honest , that he is a true good Man had Spoke Early Western Travels

’ 81 r their words [the Indians ] our Wo ds, and not his ” 1 . 1 V own Again in 743, the governor Of irginia requested “ the province o f Pennsylvania to send their honest inter ” a difli cult preter, Conrad Weiser, to adjust y with the Iroquois Indians ; whereupon he proceeded to Onondaga 1 00 Of V with a present Of £ on the part irginia, and made n 2 peace for the English colo ists . The following year, Weiser was chief interpreter at the important treaty o f ’ Lancaster ; and throughout King George s War was occupied with negotiations with the Six Nations, de fl taching them from the French in uence , and keep ing the Pennsylvania Delawares quiet “ upon their ” mats .

After the journey to the Ohio, described in the follow ’ ing diary, Weiser s Indian transactions were largely con fin ed to the province Of Pennsylvania ; Montour and Croghan taking over the business with the Ohio Indians f until the outbreak O the French and Indian War . Weiser now assumed duties in a military capacity . He raised a company o f soldiers for the Canadian expedition — and later was made lieutenant colonel , with the care Of the frontier forts under his charge . At the same time the New York authorities besought his influence with the Mohawks and Western Iroquois ; and he assisted

in arranging the treaty at Easton, which prepared the ’ way for the success Of Forbes s expedition fl Of Weiser was the most in uential German his section , possibly Of all Pennsylvania ; but his religious afliliations

and enmities interfered with his political ambitions . 1 e Originally a Lutheran, in 735 he b came concerned Of h with the movement the Sevent Day Baptists, which

Penns lvania Colonial Records iv . 88 . y (Harrisburg, , p 2 - Ibid . . 660 66 Of o . , pp 9 , for journal this t ur ’ Weiser s y oum a" 1 9

led to the establishment Of the community at Ephrata , e e where he was known as Brother Enoch, and cons crat d to the priesthood . These sectaries charged that the bribe of official position tempted him to forsake his vows ; certain it is that in 1 74 1 he was appointed justice of the f o r 1 peace Berks County, and left Ephrata, later ( 743) sending a letter requesting his former brethren to consider ” him a stranger . The opposition Of this sect of Ger f Of mans, the indi ference the Moravians, and the alienation Of v his earlier Lutheran friends, lost him his co eted election for the assembly ; and he afterwards withdrew from poli tics to remain the trusted adviser Of the government upon

al f . Indian and loc a fairs His sincerity, honesty, and trustworthiness made him greatly respected thr oughout 1 1 60 the entire province, and his death, July 3, 7 , was con sidered a public calamity . t acco m The journey under aken to the Ohio, which the l ffi l panying journa chronicles, was the first o cia embassy l e ll to the Indians who ived b yond the A eghenies, and was undertaken for the following reasons . The eff orts Of the English traders to push their connec “ ” tions among the far Indians had been increasingly 1 8- 8 l successful, during the decade 73 4 , and the resu ting rivalry with the French had reached an intense stage . The firm hold Of the latter on the Indian nations Of the ” upper country had been shaken by a long series of wars with the Foxes and Chickasaws , accompanied by

. 1 l Of humiliating defeats In 747 , the most faithfu the French Indians those domiciled at Mackinac and Detroit had risen in revolt ; and George Croghan sent word to the council at Philadelphia that some nations along the shore of Lake Erie desired the English alliance, having as an earnest thereof sent a belt Of wampum and Early Western Travels

3 a French scalp . The Pennsylvania authorities voted

f 2 O 00 o ut . them a present £ , to be sent by Croghan About the same time, a deputation Of ten Indians from the Ohio “ arriving in Philadelphia , the council considered this an ” nl extraordinary event in the English favor, and not o y secured a grant Of from the assembly , but applied to the governors Of the Southern provinces to aid in this V work ; in accordance with which request, irginia replied 4 with an appropriation of £200 Croghan set Off in the

Of 1 8 spring 74 , and informed the Allegheny Indians that Ofli cial Weiser, the interpreter, would be among them during the summer . Meanwhile, the latter was detained T wi twee by a treaty with the g (Miami) Indians, who had come unexpectedly Offering to the English the alliance of 5 that powerful nation ; so that it was not until August that he was able to start o n his mission to the Ohio .

In addition to the delivery Of the present, he was also instructed to Secure satisfaction for the attack Of some Northern Indians upon the Carolina settlements ; wherein t one Captain Haig, wi h several others , had been carried 6 o ff prisoners supposedly by some Ohio Indians . The success Of this mission was most gratifying to the English and the frontier settlers . The Virginia authorities were more active than those o f Pennsylvania in following up the advantage thus gained ; and under the leadership Of the Ohio Company sought to secure the Forks Of the

Ohio , with the ensuing consequences of the French and

Indian War .

R . G . T .

3 Penns lvania Colonial Records . 2 . y , v, p 7 ‘ - Ibid . 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 8 1 0 2 . ., pp , 4 , 45 5 ; 9 , 9 , 5 7 5 - - Ibid . 2 86 2 0 0 1 . . , pp 9 , 3 7 3 9 - Ibid . 2 0 2 0 . , pp . 9 9 3, 3 4 T H E " A L O F AD W E S E J O RN C O N R I R , R D A T E E ES . ET T H E Q , IN I N IN RPR R , TO O H IO 7

s t Aug 1 1 th . Set out from my House 81 came to James 8 0 . Galbreath that day, 3 Miles 9 1 2 . 1 l . th Came to George Croghans, 5 Mi es

1 . T o 20 . 3th Robert Dunnings, Miles

1 . uscarro ro 0 . 4th To the T Path, 3 Miles n f 1 5 th and 1 6th . Lay by o Account o the Men coming

81 f u s . back Sick, some other A fairs hindering T rr r 1 7th . Crossed the usca o o Hill 81 came to the

2 0 l . Sleeping Place called the Black Log, Mi es

1 8th . Had a great rain in the af ternoon ; came within

of 2 . two Miles the Standing Stone, 4 Miles

1 9th . We travelled but 1 2 Miles were obliged to r dry ou Things in the afternoon .

7 There appear to have been two copies of this journal prepared , one as the o fli cial o l P hi rep rt to the president and counci of ennsylvania, w ch was published Penns lvania o onial cord - A C l Re s . 8 8 . in the y , v, pp 34 35 reprint from the same manuscript appeared in Early H istory of Western Pennsylvania (Pittsburg and 1 - 2 Harrisburg, appendix, pp . 3 3 . The other copy seems to have been preserved among the family papers ; and was edited and published by a descend i — — o . hl e . . R n P in ant Weiser Heister M Mu enb rg, M D , of eadi g, ennsylvania P Collections P 2 - ennsylvania Historical Society ( hiladelphia, i, pp . 3 33 . h o o fli cial r a We ave f llowed the copy, indicating by footnotes va i tions in the

E . other account . D 8 ’ Weiser s house was about one mile east of Womelsdorf, now in Berks

P . G mi County, ennsylvania James albreath was a pro nent Indian trader, one P of those licensed by the government of ennsylvania . ED . 9 P Croghan lived at this time just west of Harrisburg in ennsboro Township, — Cumberland County En . di f There were three égreat In an paths rom east to west through Western ‘

P . o rt Cumbe rland P ennsylvania The southern led from F on the otomac, west w Yo u hio hen ard through the valleys of g g y and Monongahela, to the Forks of Early Western Travels

h n 2 o t . Came to Fra ks Town, but saw no Houses or 11 Cabins ; here we overtook the Goods, because four of ’

2 6 . George Croghan s Hands fell sick, Miles 2 l 1 st . a l . Lay by, it raining Day

O hi hi o 1 the o, and was the route taken by Was ngt n in 75 3, later by Brad ’ a dock s expedition, and was subst ntially the line of the great Cumberland R ar e National oad of the e ly ninete nth century . d o The central trail, passing through Carlisle, Shippensburg, and Be f rd, over ’ i , v e t R S hannO in s Laurel, Mounta n through Fort Ligonier, o er Ch s nut idge, to p O ir Town at the Forks of the hio, was the most d ect, and became the basis of ’ G o e P v eneral F rb s s road, and later of the ennsyl ania wagon road to the

G 1 0. ld lade Road O . t t a l 75 ee be t, O G e e n hio ist ook his tr i in S Hul r (Cl v la d ,

o The n rthern, or Kittanning trail, was the oldest, and that most used by ’ . . r Indian traders It is this route that Weiser followed From C oghan s, he ’ v P passed over into the alley of Sherman s Creek (in erry County) , crossed the ’ ai S territt s Ga Tuscarora Mount ns at what was later known as p, and reached the Black Log sleeping place near Shade Valley in the southeastern part of

d o . hi s Hunting on C unty T s was a digres ion to the south, for in an extract

his Penns lvania Archives . 1 : from journal in y , ii, p 3, Weiser says The Black Log ’ is 8 or 1 0 miles South East of the Thr ee Springs and Frank s Town lies to y ° ’ o t l . N rth, so that there must be a deduction of at least twen y mi es From here, l the v A R v fol owing alley of ughwick Creek, he crossed the Juniata i er, and “ di ” approached the Stan ng Stone . This was a prominent landmark of the k region, and stood on the right ban of a creek of the same name, near the

s . 1 six u pre ent town of Huntingdon It was about 4 feet high, and inches sq are ,

di . o and served as a kind of In an guidepost for that region From this p int, the n i i wi trail followed the Ju iata Valley, co ncid ng for a short distance th the P t R o ff s o n line of the ennsylvania Cen ral ailway, but turning on the Frank t w branch of the Juniata at the present to wn of Petersburg . There was also a fourth trail, still farther north, by way of Sunbury and P ’ the wes t branch o f the Susquehanna to Venango . This was ost s route in

8 . ED 1 75 .

11 l Frankstown was an important Indian vil age in the county of Blair, near the Hollidaysburg . The present town of this name lies on the north side of

v v o . Re ri er, whereas the Indian town appears to ha e been on the s uth bank mains of the native village were in existence in the early part of the nineteenth “ ” “ ” u . Assune achla cent ry The Indian name was p , the title Frankstown G who i v h being given in honor of Stephen Franks, a erman trader l ed at t is 8 2 nd c . H istor o J uniata Valle 1 8 pla e See Jones, y f y (Harrisburg, 9 , - 2 8 0 . its pp . 9 3 3 The cause of desertion when Weiser passed, is not known “ ” o o v oo oo s The ther edition of the j urnal says, Here we o ert k one half the g d , —En which seems more co rrect in view of the succeeding acco unt . ’ Weiser s y ournal 2 3

ll ll 81 l 2 2 d . Crossed A eghany Hi came to the C ear

1 6 . Fields, Miles 13 h n in . 2 d . S awo ese Cabb s 3 Came to the , 34 Miles o n he ille 2 4th. Found a dead Man t Road who had k d himself by Drinking too much Whisky ; the Place being ’ very stony we cou d not dig a Grave ; He smelling very strong we covered him with Stones 81 Wood 81 went on

1 0 2 our Journey ; came to the Mile Lick, 3 Miles . Ki k min 2 5 th. Crossed s e eto es Creek 81 came to Ohio “ t 2 6 . hat Day, Miles

13 O f n A R the place where the Kittanni g trail crosses the llegheny ange,

o wr o . v l o J nes ites ( p that the path is still isible, a th ugh filled with “ . o r l weeds in the summer In s me places where the ground was ma shy, c ose v v to the run, the path is at least twel e inches deep, and the ery stones along - the road bear the marks Of the iron shod horses of the Indian traders . Two s t wo year ago we picked up, at the edge of the run, a mile up the gorge, gun ’ flints . s , now rated as relics of a past age Clear fields was at the head water Clearfield R v Clearfield o of Creek, a branch of the Susquehanna i er, in T wn

. is Clearfield Chinkla ship, Cambria County This not to be confused with ( ’ m im rtan . P o ca oo s t o J urnal ost . ) , an m Indian t wn farther north See ost s , p

E D .

13 Fr . Chao uano ns ow to v The Shawnees ( , ) , when first kn n, appear ha e been v n u r s the o oi li ing in Western Ke t cky; they were g eatly hara sed by Ir qu s, and

i difli cult . 1 6 2 made frequent m grations which are to trace In 9 , they made o f t in peace with the Iroquois and the English, and portions the tribe set led the Ohio country and Western Pennsylvania . Intriguing with both English

a . o f and French, they were tre cherous toward both nations The location the cabins mentioned here by Weiser is not po sitively known it was in the

a t ai . ED northern p rt of Indiana County; somewhere on the Ki tanning tr l . Weiser turned aside from the reg ular trail that ended at the Delaware ’ o Indians t wn of Kittanning, and followed a branch of the path that turned so uthwest; crossed the Kiskimi nitas Creek at the ford where the town o f S altzbur i A R v g, Ind ana County, now stands ; and reached the llegheny i er ’ ’ O i r O ld o h t (then called the h o) at Cha tier s T wn, now C artier s Sta ion, West

. hi a 1 e moreland County It was at t s pointth t in 749 , the French explorer, C loron ai v w t de Bl n ille, met six traders ith fif y horses laden with peltries, by these se ndi ng his famous message to the governor of Pennsylvania to keep his traders

. l from that country, which was owned by the French Weiser calcu ated the a a d e v b dist nce of his journey by l nd as one hun red and s enty miles, and y de t fo r Lo duc ing twenty miles the detour at Black g, made the distance from the settlements one hundred and fifty miles . ED . Early Western Travels

2 6th. Hired a Cannoe ; paid Black Wampum for f o . e all the loan it to Logs Town Our Horses b ing tyred , we went by Water 81 came that Night to a Delaware

Town ; the Indians used us very kindly . ff 2 7th. Sett o again in the morning early ; Rainy

Wheather. S eneka We dined in a Town , where an old S eneka Woman Reigns with great Authority we dined 81 at her House, they all used us very well ; at this 81 the last- mentioned Delaware Town they received us by

firing a great many Guns ; especially at this last Place . We saluted the Town by firing o ff 4 pair o f pistols ; 81 arrived that Evening at Logs Town , Saluted the Town as before ; the Indians returned about One hun 1 7 ’ a r dred Guns ; Great Joy ppea d in their Countenances .

‘5 ’ v S hanno in s hi This was the Delaware illage known as p Town, from a c ef

1 . A R of that name, who died in 749 It was situated on the llegheny iver in the P f t present city of ittsburg, and contained about twenty wigwams, and fi ty or six y ’ — . Gist s J onrnals P . 2 . ED . natives See Darlington, ( ittsburg, pp 9 , 93 1° A The reference is to Queen liquippa, whose town , directly at the Forks of “ O e . the hio, was called by C loron the written rock village The writings proved on examination to be but names of English traders scrawled in charcoal ’ ’ B n é m uit ro cks . o n ca s s R J es Relations T hwaites s on the See Father p elation, (

6 . 1 . : ed . 1 8 e , Cleveland, 9 lxix, p 75 C loron says of the Seneca queen “ ” She regards herself as a sovereign , and is entirely devoted to the English . " pon the advent of the French, she removed her village to the forks of the Yo u hio hen G 1 Monongahela and g g y , where she told ist in 75 3 she would

A . e never go back to the llegheny to live, unless the English built a fort C loron “ says of the site of her first village : This place is one of the most beautif ul I R R v e have seen on the Beautiful iver [la Belle i i re, the French name for the

ED . ‘7 Lo sto wn Chinni né g (French, g , Shenango) was the most important v Indian trading village in that part of the country . It was a mixed illage com

o i ri hi fl hi e . posed Indians of several t bes c e y Iroquois, Mo can, and Shawne ‘ e v ’ When C loron isited it a year after Weiser s sojourn, he spoke of it as a very ” v o . bad illage, seduced by the desire for the cheap go ds of the English He n was near being attacked here, bei g saved by discovering the plot, and dis l r o i . i i a playing the st ength his forces L ke We ser, he was received with a s ute

mi . of guns, but feared it was more a sign of enmity than a ty Later, the Indians h v a of t is illage returned to the French lliance, and after the founding of Fort ’ Weiser s ff onrnal 2 5

l i . e . o d From the Place where we took " Water, from the ’ S hawo nes Town , commonly called Chartier s Town, to this Place is about 60 Miles by Water 81 but 35 or 40 by Land . The Indian Council met this Evening to shake Hands with me 81 to shew their Satisfaction at my safe arrival ; I desired of them to send a Couple o f Canoes to fetch ’ o ld o down the Goods from Chartier s T wn , where we ’ had been Oblig d to leave them on account of o ur Horses being all tyred . I gave them a String of Wampum to 19 enforce my Request .

ll . 2 8th. Lay sti ff 2 9th . The Indians sett o in three Canoes to fetch ’ the Goods . I expected the Goods wou d be all at Char

e . Duquesne , houses wer built by the French for its inhabitants With the mi restoration of English interest, the importance of the place di nished, and by “ ’ 1 7 84 it is spoken of as a former settlement . The site of Lo gst o wn is about v r P eighteen miles down the ri er f om ittsburg, just below the present town of

P . f . Economy, ennsylvania It was on a high blu f on the north shore For the ’ - t E D . h Gi s . 1 00 . history of t is place, see Darlington s , pp 9 5 ‘8 There were two Indian towns called by thi s name — one at the mouth ’ A n P of Chartier s Creek, llegheny Cou ty, three miles below ittsburg ; the other ’ Run hi A opposite the mouth of Chartier s , w ch falls into the llegheny in West moreland County . Weiser refers to the latter of these . Chartier was a ‘ - - that had fl . 1 French Shawnee half breed much in uence with his tribe In 745 , be induced most of them to remove to the neighborhood of Detroit, on the orders ’ — . J ournals ost ED . of the governor of New France See Croghan s , p 1" d “ The other e ition of the journal adds , that the horses were all scalled ’ on their backs . The importance of “ wampum in all Indian transactions cannot be over It - z estimated . was used for money, as a much pri ed ornament, to enforce a request (as at this time) , to accredit a messenger, to ransom a prisoner, to atone for a crime . No council could be held, no treaty drawn up , without a liberal use of wampum . It was used also to record treaties , as the one described e Of Y . by Weiser b tween the Wyandots, Iroquois, and governor New ork Hale “ ” - R Po ular S cience Monthl 1 8 Indian Wampum ecords , p y , February, 9 7 i n th ks that it was a comparatively late invention in Indian development, and ’ took its rise among the Iroquois . Weiser s lis t of the wampum used and

Penns lvania rchi s . v A ve . 1 . ED recei ed in this journey is to be found in y , ii, p 7 ’ ’ o ld tier s Town by the time the Canoes wou d get there, ’ as we met about twenty Horses o f George Groghan s at the S hawo nese Cabbins in order to fetch the Goods that

were then lying at Franks Town . This Day news came to Town that the S ix Nations o n n were the poi t of declaring War against the French, ’ for reason the French had Imprison d some o f the Indian

Deputies . A Council was held 81 all the Indians ac uainted Was q with the News, and it said the Indian Mes senger was by the way to give all the Indians Notice to 20 make ready to fight the French . This Day my Com “ Co sco sk b panions went to y, a large Indian Town a out 21 30 Miles o ff .

o th. o 3 I went to Beaver Creek, an Indian Town ab ut 8 o ff fl Miles , chie y Delawares, the rest Mohocks, to have ” so me Belts o f Wampum made . This afternoon Rainy

Wheather set in which lasted above a Week . Andrew

3° The French had retained the Iroquois deputies in order to secure from

t o in . Galisso niere hem the French pris ners their hands La , the governor ‘ o v 1 8 ain wr te to his home go ernment in 74 , that he should persist in ret ing their

o . (the Iroquois) pe ple, until he recovered the French The governor of New Yo e rk d manded the Mohawks, on the ground of their being British subjects , a claim the French refused to admit . The matter was finally adjusted without ’ . O c l an Indian war, although it caused much irritation See al aghan

New York Colonial D ocuments A . 1 8 . E D . ( lbany, x, p 5 2’ Kuskuskis was an important centre for the Delaware Indians, on the

o f P . Mahoning Branch Beaver Creek, in Lawrence County, ennsylvania It r consisted of separate villages scattered along the c eek, one of which, called “ ” O ld Kuskuskis . , was at the forks, where New Castle now stands See ’ P J ournal ost . ED . ost s , p 2’ The Indian town at the mouth of Beaver Creek, where the town of Beaver ’ ’ indiflerentl S hin as s O ld now stands, was known y as King Beaver s, or g Town “ o S o hko n i (fr m two noted Delaware chiefs) , or (sign fying at the mouth of a - n t i This was a noted fur tradi g station, and af er the bu lding of

Fort Duquesne, the French erected houses here, for the Indians . It was the ’ ai S hin as s a. starting place for many a border r d, that made g name terror to ’ the frontier settlements of Pennsylvania . See Post s expe riences at this place

8 ost . ED . in 1 75 , p ” Montour came back from Co sco sky with a Message from the Indians there to desire o f me that the ensuing

Council might be held at their Town . We both lodged ’ at this Town at George Croghan s Trading House . co sk 31 st . Sent Andrew Montour back to Co s y with a String o f Wampum to let the Indians there know that it was an act o f their own that the ensuing Council must ’ o rder d be held at Logs Town , they had it do last Spring 81 when George Croghan was up , at the last Treaty in 24 Lancaster the S hawonese 81 T wightwees have been 81 81 told so , they stayed accordingly for that purpose , both would be off ended if the Council was to be held at Co sco sk y , besides my instructions binds me to Logs ff 81 . Town , could not go further without giving o ence

’

1 . Sept . The Indians in Logs Town having heard of

23 A so n a - ndrew Montour was the of a noted French h lf breed, Madame O Montour, who being captured by the Iroquois in her youth married an neida ’ chief and was a firm adherent of the English . Montour s services for the English were considerable . He was an expert interpreter, speaking the languages of

O hi di . the various o In ans, as well as Iroquois First mentioned by Weiser in 1 744 , when he interpreted Delaware for his Iroquois , he assisted in nearly all the important Indian negotiations from that time until the treaty of Fort Stanwix 1 68 P Yo in 7 , being employed in turn by the ennsylvania, Virginia, and New rk

O . 1 governments, and the hio Company In 75 4, he was with Washington at

the surrender of Fort Necessity . Several times he warned the settlements of ’ v P . impending raids, among other ser ices bringing word of ontiac s outbreak R i o f He accompanied Major ogers as capta n the Indian forces, when the latter went to take possession of Detroit ; and in 1 7 64 commanded a party agai nst

the recalcitrant Delawares . He received for his services several grants of land

P i . ai in Western ennsylvan a, as well as money For a det led biography see ’ - Gi st . 1 1 . ED . Darlington s , pp 59 75 2" T wi twees i mi A g was the Engl sh name for the Mia s, a large nation of lgon di quian In ans , that were first met by the seventeenth century explorers in

i . t Northern Illino s But later, hey moved eastward into the present state of

n . I diana, and settled on the Maumee and Wabash rivers, also on St Josephs

River in Michigan . The French had had posts among them for two genera r 1 2 tions, but f om 7 3 the English traders had been seeking a foothold in their midst . Their adherence to the English in 1 748 was a blow to the French

ED . trade . Early Western Travels the Message from Co sco sky sent for me to know what I ’ reso lv d was to do , and told me that the Indians at Cos co sk 81 y were no more Chiefs than themselves, that last

n 81 Spring they had nothi g to eat , expecting that they ’ ’ sho u d o ur o rder d have nothing to eat at arrival , that l the Council shou d be held here ; now their Corn is ripe , they want to remove the Council , but they ought to “stand by their word ; we have kept the T wightwees here 81 our S hawo nese o n Brethren the from below that account , as I told them the Message that I had sent by Andrew

Montour ; they were content .

2 d . Rain continued ; the Indians brought in a good deal of Venison .

3d . Set up the " nion Flagg on a long Pole . Treated ’ all the Company with a Dram o f Rum ; The King s

Health . was drank by Indians 81 white men . Towards

Night a great many Indians arrived to attend the Council . There was great firing on both sides ; the Strangers first

Saluted the Town at a quarter of a Mile distance , and at ’ ’ return d their Entry the Town s People the fire, also the

English Traders, of whom there were above twenty .

n o f . At Night , bei g very sick the Cholick , I got bled bli ’d th. o 4 Was g to keep my bed all Day, being very weak . h 25 . c io ad 5 th. I found myself better S a y came to see me ; had some discourse with him about the ensuing

Council .

6th. Wondats Had a Council with the , otherways Io no ntad called y Hagas, they made a fine Speech to

25 S carro ah O fl O s y y was an neida chief of great in uence with the hio Indian ,

Lo sto wn . the 1 especially at g He remained firm in English interest, and in 7 5 4 A the fl moved to ughwick Creek, to get away from French in uence, and to protect the settlements . His death the same year, was imputed by his friends to French witchcraft . ED . ’ Weiser s y ournal

81 me to make me welcome , appeared in the whole very 2 6 Wheather . friendly . Rainy continued ’ inf o rm d o ndats 7th. Being that the W had a mind to ’ nto 81 endeavo ur d go back agai the French , had to take the Delawares with them to recommend them to the

French , I sent Andrew Montour to Beaver Creek with a string of Wampum to inform himself of the Truth of the matter ; they sent a String in answer to let me know Wo ndats they had no correspondence that way with the ,

and that the aforesaid Report was false . o f Wo ndats 8th . Had a Council with the Chiefs the ; ’ 81 o ccasio n d o enquired their number, what them to c me

away from the French , What Correspondence they had 81 o r no with the Six Nations, whether they had ever had any Correspondence with the Government o f New ’ York ; they inf o rm d me their coming away from the French was be cause of the hard " sage they received from ’ them ; That they wou d always get their Young Men to ’ o g to War against their Enemies , and wou d use them as 81 t their own People, that is like Slaves , heir Goods ’ m were so dear that they, the Indians , cou d not buy the ; that there was one hundred fighting Men that came over

2° 01 P The Wyandots, Tobacco Hurons, or etuus, were of Iroquois stock , but nearly destroyed by tha t nation in the seventeenth century . Fleeing west

ward, they placed themselves under French protection, and, after its founding

1 0 1 hi fl . in 7 , were settled c e y about Detroit In the early eighteenth century O they straggled eastward along the south shore of Lake Erie, and began to pen t 1 communication wi h their ancient enemies, the Iroquois . In 747 , occurred the l rebel ion of their chief Nicholas , who built a fort in the marshes of the

r . Sandusky, and defied the F ench soldiers The chiefs whom Weiser met,

were deputies from this party of rebels . ’ “ The other edition of Weiser s journal does not mention the Wo ndats until September 7 ; and has the following entry for September 6 : O ne canoe

with goods arrived, the rest did not come to the river . The Indians that brought the goods found our casks of whiskey bid by some of the traders ; they had

- bro u hi n . drunk two and g two to the tow The Indians all got drunk to night, d an s . e . D ome of the traders along with them The w ather cleared up E . 30 Early Western Travels

i to join the English, seventy were left beh nd at another ’ o ff 81 Town a good distance , they hoped they wou d follow them ; that they had a very good Correspondence

81 o ne with the Six Nations many Years, were People ’ ’ with them, that they cou d wish the Six Nations wou d act more brisker against the French ; That above fif ty Years ago they made a Treaty of Friendship with the r o f 81 Gove nor New York at Albany, shewed me a large Belt o f Wampum they received there from the said Governor as from the King of Great Britain ; the Belt 2 81 2 6 was 5 Grains wide 5 long , very Curiously wrought, there were seven Images of Men holding one another by

r st r o f the Hand , the signifying the Gove nor New York o f (or rather, as they said , the King Great Britain) , the 2 d d O neido s th Ca u as the Mohawks, the 3 the , the 4 the j g , th Ononda ers 6th S enekas th the 5 the g , the the , the 7 the Owandaets [Wyandots] , the two Rows of black Wampum ’ under their feet thro the whole length o f the Belt to ’ signify the Road from Albany thro the 5 Nations to the Owendaets 6 ; That Years ago, they had sent Deputies with the same Belt to Albany to renew the Friendship . I treated them with a quart o f Whiskey 81 a Roll of Tobacco ; they expressed their good Wishes to King ’ 81 81 leas d George all his People, were mightily p that I ’ lo ok d upon them as Brethren o f the English . ’ This Day I desir d the Deputies of all the Nations of Indians settled o n the Waters of Ohio to give me a List ’ o f ro mis d . their fighting Men , which they p to do A great many o f the Indians went away this Day because 81 the the Goods did not come, People in the Town ’ no t e cou d find Provision enough, the numb r was so great .

The following is the number of every Nation, given to

ar est ern Tra e s E ly W v l [V0] . 1

ir o f a Match Coat , a Sh t , a Pair Stockings, 81 a large 81 twist of Tobacco , told him that the President 81 ’ Council of Philadelphia remember d their love to him ’ r 81 81 Clo ath as to thei old true Friend , wou d his Body 81 once more, wished he might weare them out so as to l give them an opportunity to c o ath him again . There

o f was a great many Indians present, two which were the 81 o ff big Hominy the Pride , those that went with Char e our tier, but protest d against his proceedings against h k ’ . Catc awatche return d 81 o f Traders y thanks, some ’ 81 ex ress d the Six Nations did the same, p their Satis ’ o f was faction to see a true man taken Notice , altho he now grown Childish .

r 1 th. George Croghan 81 myself staved an 8 Gallon of n Cag Liquor belongi g to the aforesaid Henry Norland , ’ be revail d o n who could not p to hide it in the Woods, but would sell it 81 get drunk himself e . ’ I desir d some o f the Indians in Council to send some o f o ur their Young Men to meet People with the Goods , and not to come back before they heard of o r saw them . I begun to be afraid they had fallen into the Hands of the

Enemy ; so did the Indians . Ten Warriors came to Town by Water from Niagara ; ’ 81 ic We suspected them very much, ar d that some of their 29 Parties went to meet o ur People by hearing o f them . 3 0 t 1 2 th . Two Indians and a white man went out to mee o ur 81 People, had Orders not to come back before they the saw them , or go to Franks Town , where we left

”8 di Stroud was a kind of coarse, warm cloth made for the use of the In an

- . A ri trade match coat was a large loose coat worn by the Indians, o ginally

- . E D . made of skins, later of match cloth

2° ‘ E D . The other edition adds, coming down the river . 3° ac m His name is given in the other edition as Robert Callender . He co - E D . panied Croghan and Gist on their journey to the O hio in 1 75 0 5 1 . ’ 1 748] Weiser s j ournal

Goods . The same Day the Indians made answer to my Request concerning the Prisoners taken in Carolina : T hana ieson o f S enekas y , a Speaker the , spoke to the following purpose in the presence o f all the Deputies “ o f o ut o f : the other Nations (We were Doors) Brethren ,

Yo u r 81 came a g eat way to visit us , many sorts of Evils might have befallen You by the way which might have 81 f o r been hurtful to your Eyes your inward parts, the

Woods are full of Evil Spirits . We give You this String o f Wampum to clear up your Eyes 81 Minds 81 to re o f move all bitterness your Spirit , that you may hear us ” speak in good Chear . Then the Speaker took his “ 81 : Belt in his Hand said Brethren , when we and you first saw o ne another at your first arrival at Albany we shook Hands together and became Brethr en 81 we tyed your Ship to the Bushes , and after we had more acquaint ’ lo v d 81 erceiv ance with you we you more and more , p ’ ing that a Bush wou d no t hold your Vessel we then tyed her to a large Tree 81 ever after good Friendship con tinued e o u o ur b tween us ; afterwards y , Brethren , told us that a Tree might happen to fall down and the Rope rot wherewith the Ship was tyed . You then proposed to make a Silver Chain 81 tye your Ship to the great ’ 81 a Mountains in the five Nations Country, th t Chain was called the Chain of Friendship ; we were all tyed by 81 o f our Arms together with it , we the Indians the five 81 Nations heartily agreed to it, ever since a very good Correspondence have been kept between us ; but we are ’ very sorry that at your coming here we a re o blig d to

' o f talk the Accident that lately befell you in Carolina , o f o f where some our Warriors , by the Instigation the o wn Evil Spirit , struck their Hatchet into our Body like, . f o r 81 o f o ne 81 our Brethren the English we are Body, ar estern Tra e s l 1 34 E ly W v l (Vo . what was done we utterly abhor as a thing done by the Evil Spirit himself ; we never expected any of our People ’ r wou d ever do so to o u Brethren . We therefore remove o ur hi fl Hatchet w ch, by the in uence of the Evil Spirit , was our hr struck into your Body, and we desire that Bret en ’ 31 the Gov . of New York 81 Onas may use their utmost endeavours that the thing may be buried in the bottomless be a o f Pit, that it may never seen again that the Ch in ’ Friendship which is o f so long standing may be preserv d ” bright 81 unhurt . Gave a Belt . The Speaker then of : took up a String Wampum, mostly black, and said ‘ o ut Brethren , as we have removed our Hatchet of your o r o ut o f Body, properly speaking, our own , We now ’ desire that the Air may be clear d up again 81 the wound 81 given may be healed , every thing put in good under it ll standing , as was before , and we desire you wi assist ” us to make up everything with the Gov . o f Carolina ; the Man that has been brought as a Prisoner we now ” ’ IS la d deliver to You , he yours ( y down the String, and took the Prisoner by the Hand and delivered him to 82 “ me) . By way of discourse, the Speaker said , the Six Nation Warriors often meet Englishmen trading to 81 the Catawbas, often found that the Englishmen 81 o f betrayed them to their Enemy, some the English Traders had been spoke to by the Indian Speaker last 33 Year in the Cherrykees Country 81 were told not to do 31 O nas was the Indian term for the governor of Pennsylvania first

P 1 68 2 . ED . used for enn in his treaty with the Delawares , in 32 A l h i pparent y t is was a lad named W lliam Brown, whom Croghan sent

ania Archives . 1 . ED . s O 2 0 1 8 . Penns lv to the settlement , ctober , 74 y , ii, p 7 33 l ri t n The Catawbas were a po werfu Indian t be of Sou h Caroli a, thought

P i mi A a " . . by owell Ind an Linguistic Fa lies of North meric , in S Bureau - — Re ort 1 88 8 6 . of Ethnology p , 5 to be of Siouan stock They inhabited the western portion of the Carolinas , and were traditional enemies of the Iroquois . in The Cherokees were a settled tribe North Carolina and Tennessee, and at

ED . this time in the English interest . ' ’ Wezser s y ournal

so ; that the Speaker 81 many others of the Six Nations ’ had be en afraid a long time that such a thing wou d be ” done by some of their Warriors at one time o r other . n k 1 3th . Had a Council with the S e e as and Onon Wando ts o ur tagers about the , to receive them into f " nion . I gave a large Belt o Wampum and the Indians 81 gave two , everything was agreed upon about what ’ sho d be said to the Wando ts . The same Evening a 81 81 full Council was appointed met accordingly, a Wando ts Asserhartur Speech was made to the by , a

S eneka : , as follows “ 3 4 Io no ntad : Brethren , the y Hagas last Spring you sent this Belt of Wampum to " s (having the Belt then in S hawo nese 81 his hand) to desire us and our Brethren , the o ur 81 Cousins the Delawares, to come meet you in your 81 retreat from the French , we accordingly came to your Assistance 81 brought you here 81 received you as our

o wn fl . no w 81 esh We desire you will think you join us, o ur 81 Brethren , the English , you are become one People — ’ with us then he lay d that Belt by 81 gave them a very large String of Wampum . The Speaker took up the Belt I gave 81 said " Breth : 81 ren the English, our Brothers , bid you welcome are glad you escaped out Captivity like : You have been 35 ’ O nontio call d kept as Slaves by , notwithstanding he

You all along his Children , but now You have broke the 81 Rope wherewith you have been tyed become Freemen ,

81 o ur we , the united Six Nations, receive you to Council

. 81 Fire , make you Members thereof, and we will secure

your dwelling Place to You against all manner of danger .

Gave the Belt .

34 ‘ ” Jo no ntady Hagas was the Iroquois phrase for the Wyandot or Huron

Indi ans E D . 35 O no ntio . ED was the Indian term for the governor of Canada . Early Western Tra vels [VOL 1

Brethren : We the Six " nited Nations 81 all our o ur Indian Allies , with Brethren the English , look upon ’ you as our Children , tho you are our Brethren ; we de sire you will give no ear to the Evil Spirit that spreads

81 81 81 lyes wickedness , let your mind by easy clear, be of the same mind with us whatever you may hear, nothing shall befall you but what of necessity must befall us at the same time . “ Brethren : We are extremely pleased to see you here , as it happened just at the same time when our

Brother Onas is with us . We jointly, by this Belt of 81 Wampum , embrace you about your middle, desire in 81 you to be strong your minds hearts, let nothing ”

81 . a alter your minds, but live dye with us Gave Belt

the Council broke up . mm n’ 1 4th . A full Council was S u o d 81 every thing ’ repeated by me to all the Indians of what pass d in Lan caster at the last Treaty with the T wightwees . ’ The News was c onfirm d by a Belt of Wampum from m Of the Six Nations , that the French had i prisoned some

’ 81 0 o f Wando ts includ the Six Nations Deputies, 3 the , ing Women 81 Children . The Indians that were sent to meet o ur People with the 81 Goods came back did not see any thing of them , but they had been no further than the o ld S hawo nese Town . ’ 1 5 th . I let the Indians know that I wou d deliver my 81 81 Message to morrow, the Goods I had , that they must send Deputies with me on my returning homewards , ’ 81 wherever we sho u d meet the rest of the Goods I wou ’ d send them to them if they were not taken by the

Enemy, to which they agreed . The same Day the Delawares made a Speech to me 81 81 presented a Beaver Coat 81 a String of Wampum , ’ 1 748] Weiser s y ournal 37

: 81 . said , Brother we let the President Council of Phila n o ur Olo mi ies k ow that after the Death of Chief Man , p , 3 6 our Grand Children the S hawnese came to o ur o wn o f o ur Town to condole with us over the loss good King , 81 t Off o ur 81 your Brother, hey wiped Tears comforted o ur 81 minds, as the Delawares are the same People 81 81 with the Pennsylvanians, born in one the same o ur Country, we give some of the Present Grand Children

gave us to the President 81 Council O f Philda . because the Death of their good Friend 81 Brother must have ” affected them as well as us . Gave the Beaver Coat 81

a String of Wampum . The same Day the Wando ts sent for me 81 Andrew 81

e 1 0 . 81 pr sented us with 7 Beaver Skins about lbs weight , said they gave us that to buy some refreshments for us o ur after arrival in Pennsylvania, wished we might get ’ 81 81 home safe , lifted up their Hands said they wou d

pray God to protect us 81 guide us the way home . I ’ ’ desir d to know their names ; they behav d like People o f good Sense 81 Sincerity ; the most of them were grey

: T o to rnihiades headed ; their Names are as follows ,

T a ana es S o nach ua Wandun aruchio ru s g y y , q , y , T , their

Speaker . The Chiefs of the Delawares that made the ha an n A h m n 3 7 above Speech are S w asso 81 c a a atainu . “ 1 6 . 81 th I made answer to the Delawares said , Breth ren the Delawares : It is true what yo u said that the

3“ O lum ias p was principal chief of the Delawares . He ha d formerly lived k l a Ger in the Schuyl ill Val ey, and signed the, treaty of purch se by which the mans came into possession of their lands in that region He died in 1 P n s the autumn of 747 , the president and council of ennsylva ia being a ked to e name his succ sso r . The Delawares considered themselves the abori gines of P ni ennsylva a, and spoke of the Shawnees, whom they had permitted to come “

r . ED . among them, as grandchild en

37 These names are gift en in the other edition as S hawanapo n and Acha 38 Ear ly Western Travels

People of Pennsylvania are your Brethren 81 Country ’ men ; we are very well pleas d of what your Children the S hawonese did to you ; this is the first time we had publick Notice given us of the Death of our good Friend

81 Brother Olo mipies . I take this opportunity to re move the remainder o f your Troubles from your Hearts

to enable you to attend in Council at the ensuing Treaty, , 81 I assure you that the President 81 Council of Pennsyl vania condoles with You over the loss of your King our ” good Friend and Brother . Gave them 5 Strouds . The two aforesaid Chiefs gave a String of Wampum 81 ’ desir d 81 me to let their Brethren , the President Council , know they intended a Journey next Spring to Philadel phia to consult with their Brethren over some Aff airs of

Moment ; since they are now like Orphan Children, they hoped their Brethren wou ’ d let them have their

Penns l good Advice and Assistance, as the People of y vania 81 the Delawares were like one Family . ’ The same Day the rest of the Goods arriv d the Men ’ a 81 81 said they had nine Days R in the Creeks arose, ’ that they had been o blig d to send a sick Man back from Franks Town to the Inhabitants with another to attend him . o n The neighb ri g Indians being sent for again , the ’ - Council was appointed to meet to morrow . It rain d again .

1 . 7th It rained very hard , but in the Afternoon it held up for about 3 hours ; the Deputies of the several Nations met in Council 81 I delivered them what I had to say from the President 81 Council of Pennsylvania by Andrew

Montour . “ : Brethren , you that live on Ohio I am sent to You 81 81 by the President Council of Pennsylvania, I am now going to Speak to You on their behalf I desire You

4 0 Early Western Trav els

e lish have b en in League of Friendship , nothing need be hi said more than t s, that the President 81 Council 81 3 9 Assaraquo a have sent You this Present to serve to strengthen the Chain of Friendship between us the English 81 the several Nations of Indians to which You belong . A French Peace is a very uncertain One, they keep it no longer than their Interest permits, then they break it without provocation given them . The French ’ ’ King s People have been almost starv d in o ld France fo r 81 want of Provision , which made them wish seek for Peace ; but our wise People are of opinion that after their Bellies are full they will quarrel again 81 raise a War All nations in Europe know that their Friendship is mix 81 d with Poison , many that trusted too much on ’ their Friendship have been ruin d . “ 81 I now conclude say, that we the English are your true Brethren at all Events, In token whereof receive ” ’ n er this Present . The Goods being then u co v d I pro “ ceeded . Brethren : You have of late settled the 81 River of Ohio for the sake of Hunting, our Traders followed you for the sake of Hunting also . You have hr invited them yourselves . Your Bret en , the President 81 ll o Council , desire You wi lo k upon them as your

Brethren 81 see that they have justice done . Some of your Young Men have robbed our Traders, but you will be so honest as to compel them to make Satisfaction . Yo u 81 are now become a People of Note, are grown 81 very numerous of late Years, there is no doubt some e wise Men among you , it therefore b comes you to Act 81 the part of wise men , for the future be more regular 3° di “ The Virginians were called by the In ans Long Knives, or more “ ” - - - - i h l . Ash a lo co a litera ly Big Knives is the Ind an form of t is word, which

Weiser spells phonetically . He means that the present was sent by both

E D . Pennsylvania and Virginia . ' ’ Wezser s y ournal

You than have been for some Years past, when only a ” few Young Hunters lived here . Gave a Belt . “ Brethren : You have o f late made frequent Com plaints against the Traders bringing so much Rum to ’ ’ o 81 desir d 81 your T wns , it might be stop t ; your Breth ren the President 81 Council made an Act accordingly 81 81 put a stop to it , no Trader was to bring any Rum or

strong Liquor to your Towns . I have the Act here with me 81 shall explain it to You before I leave you But ’ it seems it is o ut o f your Brethren s Power to stop it Y u o wn entirely . o send down your Skins by the Traders

to buy Rum for you . You go yourselves 81 fetch Horse a loads o f strong Liquor . But the other Day an Indi n came to this Town o ut o f Maryland with 3 Horse loads o u of Liquor, so that it appears y love it so well that you

cannot be without it . You know very well that the ff Country near the endless Mountain a ords strong Liquor,

‘ 81 the moment the Traders buy it they are gone o ut o f the Inhabitants 81 are travelling to this Place without being ’ disco ver d o u o ne ; besides this, y never agree about it ll ’ ’ r wi have it , the other won t (tho very few) , a thi d says , we will have it cheaper ; this last we believe is spoken from

. r your Hearts (here they Laughed) Your Breth en , ’ o rder d therefore, have that every cask of Whiskey shall 81 be sold to You for 5 Bucks in your Town , if a Trader offers to sell Whiskey to Yo u and will no t let you have it 81 at that Price , you may take it from him drink it for nothing . Gave a Belt . ‘ Brethren : Here is o ne of the Traders who you know to be a very sober 81 honest Man ; he has been robbe d of o f 00 81 o u the value 3 Bucks, y all know by whom ; let,

4° ro clama io n Penns l For this p g against the sale of liquor to Indians, see y vania Colo nial Record - s 1 1 6 . ED , v, pp . 9 4 9 . therefore, Satisfaction be made to the Trader . a String o f Wampum . “ ’ Brethren , I have no more to say . s I delivered the Goods to them, having fir t divided them into 5 Shares a Share to the S enekas another to the Ca ukas O neido s O no nta ers 81 j , , the g , Mohawks, another

O wendaets T isa ech to the Delawares , another to the , g Mo hi k n ro anu 81 c o s S hawonese . , , and the other to the The Indians signified great Satisfaction 81 were well he h pleased with the Cessation of Arms . The Rainy W at er hasted them away with the Goods into the Houses .

1 8th . The Speech was delivered to the Delawares in ’ 81 S hawo nese their own Language, also to the in their s , by Andrew Montour, in the presence of the Gentlemen 41 that accompanied me . I acquainted the Indians I was

- determined to leave them to morrow 81 return homewards .

i h T nn hri ho n ni a rehra 1 . S ca o ad a s O ad a 9th y , g , g , with 81 : a few more, came to my lodging spoke as follows “ Brother Onas, We desire you will hear what we are going to Say to You in behalf of all the Indians on Ohio ;

their Deputies have sent us to You . We have heard 81 what you have said to us, we return you many thanks ’ for your kindness in informing us o f what pass d between 81 n the King of Great Britain the French Ki g , and in particular we return you many thanks for the large

o ur Assara uo a Presents ; the same we do to Brother q ,

who joined our Brother Onas in making us a Present . ’ Our Brethren have indeed tied our Hearts to their s . We at present can but return thanks with an empty hand

till another opportunity serves to do it sufli ciently . We

41 O ne i of those who accompanied Weiser was William , son of Benj am n Penns lvania Franklin, who later became governor of New Jersey . See y

Archives . 1 . ED . , ii, p 5 ’ Weiser s y ournal must call a great Council 81 do every thing regular ; in

the mean time look upon us as your true Brothers . “ Brother : Yo u said the other Day in Council if any

thing befell us from the French we must let you know of it . ll We wi let you know if we hear any thing from the French , ’ h e o r . aV be it against us yourself You will Peace , but it s most certain that the Six Nations 81 their Allies are upon

the point of declaring War against the French . Let us keep up true Co rrispo ndence 81 always hear of one

They gave a Belt . S caio had 81 in y the half King, with two others , had ’ f o rm d me that they often must send Messengers to Indian 81 81 l Towns Nations, had nothing in their Counci Bag ,

as they were new beginners , either to recompense a Mes o r the 81 senger to get Wampum to do business , begged ’ I wou d assist them with something . I had saved a

o f 1 00 Piece Strowd , an half Barrell of Pow[d]er, pounds o f 1 0 6 81 1 o f V 81 Lead , Shirts, Knives, Pound ermillion , ’ gave it to them for the aforesaid use ; they return d many 42 thanks and were mightily pleased .

‘2 i : S ini cke r Here occurs the following, in the other ed tion The old Queen

from above, already mentioned, came to inform me some time ago that she had sent a string of wampum of three fathoms to Philadelphia by James Dun m ings, to desire her brethren would send her up a cask of powder and some small shot to enable her to send out the Indi an boys to kill turkeys and other hi ai fowls for her, w lst the men are gone to war ag nst the French, that they

. thi may not be starved I told her I had heard no ng of her message, but if

she had told me of it before I had parted with all the powder and lead , I could

have let her have some, and promised I would make inquiry ; perhaps her

P . messenger had lost it on the way to hiladelphia I gave her a shirt, a Dutch f wooden pipe and some tobacco . She seemed to have taken a little a front ffi i because I took not su cient notice of her in com ng down . I told her she n acted very imprudently not to let me k ow by some of her friends who she was ,

as she knew very well I could not know by myself . She was satisfied, and went hi away with a deal of kind expressions . The same day I gave a stroud, a s rt , r Ca ech ue and a pai of stockings to the young Shawano, King p q , and a pipe ’

D . and some tobacco . E arl est ern Tra e s E y W v l [Vo l . 1

The same Day I set o ut for Pennsylvania in Rainy ’ o n 2 8th Weather, and arrived at George Croghan s the 43 Instant .

CONRAD WEISER . “ h " RY 2 t 1 8 . PENNSB , Sept 9 , 74

43 The following description of the homeward journey is contai ned in the other edition : “ 2 The oth, left a horse behind that we could not find . Came to the river ; had a great rain ; the river not rideable [fordable] . “ 6 i 2 rst . The , sent for a canoe about m les up the river to a Delaware town An him b 1 2 Indian brought one, we paid a lanket, got over the river about ’ nd ni . Kiskaminit a o clock Crossed y creek, came that ght to the round hole , about twelve miles from the river . 2 2 d hi The , the weather cleared up ; we travelled t s day about 35 miles, came by the place where we had buried the body of John Quen, but found the bears

“ had pulled him out and left nothing of him but a few naked bones and some old rags . 2 rd a t The 3 , crossed the head of the West Branch of the Susqueh nna ; abou hi o Cheas t s . no n came to the [Chest creek, Cambria County] T s night we had a z great frost, our kettle standing about four or five feet from the fire, was fro en over with ice thicker tha n a brass penny . “ 2 th A ai s The 4 , got over llegheny hill, otherwise called mount n , to Franks

2 0 m . town , about iles ‘ 2 th h h The s , came to the Standing Stone ; slept t ree miles at t is side ; about

3 1 miles . “ ’ 2 6th 0 The , to the forks of the wood about 3 miles ; left my man s horse behind as he was tired . ‘ 2 th ai 2 The 7 , it r ned very fast ; travelled in the rain all day; came about 5

2 8th The , rain continued ; came to a place where white people now begin ’ ri G P to settle, and ar ved at eorge Croghan s in ennsbury, about an hour after dark ; came about 35 miles that day, but we left our baggage behind . “ ’ 2 th l G The 9 and 3oth, I rested myse f at eorge Croghan s, in the mean time our baggage was sent for, which arrived .

The rst of O ctober reached the heads of the T ulpenho cken .

D . The 2 nd I arrived safe at my house . E