EXTENSIONS of REMARKS September 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS of REMARKS

30702 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

MILWAUKEE: BE OF GOOD CHEER latlon. Once our road, sewer and water net ment which is the city's single most im work has been constructed, the costs of portant problem: maintaining them do not decline as the 1. Blue-collar jobs. For the first time in HON. HENRY S. REUSS population shrinks. The city's labor force, many years, vacant land is now once again including police and fire services, tends to OF WISCONSIN available within the city, with sewer, water, become a fixed overhead item, whose costs streets and ut111tles already in place. Small, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES must be spread over fewer and fewer tax human-scale, in-city plants, preferably ex Thursday, September 22, 1977 payers. tensions of existing industries, are once Beset on right and left by decreasing rev again feasible. Employing 50 or 100 or Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, on Monday, enues and increasing costs, what are we to 200 workers, these plants let you walk t.o September 19, I participated in the con do? Should we toss in the sponge, and de work rather than take expensive and energy ference on Milwaukee's economy, held at mand that the federal government take over wastlng commutes. the Wingspread Conference Center in our problems in some vast and undefined new Milwaukee, to its credit, is now assembling Marshall Plan? Or are we to embrace the land into industrial parks, and the effort ls Racine, Wis., and jointly sponsored by inhuman doctrine of triage, which some the Urban Research Center of the Uni beginning to bear fruit. heavy social thinkers are currently advocat Federal tax policy could help by revising versity of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, the ing, and nominate ourselves candidates to the present expensive tax-free municipal in Johnson Foundation, and the Federal be tossed to the sharks? dustrial revenue bonds, which encourage Reserve Bank of Chicago. The text of my No--let us rather demonstrate to the na firms to build costly new plant and equip comments follows: tion that M!lwaukee, however old and cold, ment in areas with no unemployment prob can find its way back to municipal health. MILWAUKEE: BE OF GOOD CHEER lems, rather than in central cities tha..t may It is not enough that Milwaukee be the I am happy to participate in this sym have a 30 percent jobless rate. Tax-free economic center and cultural cornucopia that municipal industrial revenue bonds ought posium on Milwaukee's economy. Since Mil have always been the rationale for a city. waukee ls my favorite city, and economics to be restricted to areas of high unemploy The Age of Scarcity may lie ahead, in some ment. my favorite sort-of science, happiness ls ob ways has already begun. I propose that Mil viously what I should be feeling. 2. White-collar jobs. These, too, ought to waukee become the Great Conservator of be tied to the central city's unemployed. Much gratitude for their sponsorship goes energy, of land, of neighborhoods, of exist to the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Many of these white-collar jobs-in educa ing homes and structures, and above all, of tion, government, finance, commerce, health, the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, and the the human spirit. This ls what I see as the Johnson Foundation. I thank the Urban Re retail trade--will continue to be located new role for America's cities in the decades downtown, within range of the high-unem search Center of the UW-M, a great urban ahead. university of which we are all Justly proud, ployment area. Central city high schoolS How can Milwaukee be restored to health? and vocational schools ought to reorient and its distinguished Chancellor, Dr. Werner Having ruled out a vast new federal Marshall Baum, who brings the learning of the depths their teaching, particularly of the three Rs, Plan, there are some things that Milwaukee to prepare young people for these Jobs. of the sea to the deeper depths of the urban can justifiably ask of Uncle Sam. crisis. More agencies of the federal government I thank the Federal Reserve, which has • • • • ought to decentralize out of the Washington brought its research to bear so perceptively A great deal of the help we ought to get area, and in so doing provide white-collar on our regional problems. To those of my from Washington ls not having it start doing job opportunities in areas that need help. populist friends who may raise an eyebrow expensive new things for us, but simply stop After many years of trying, we finally got a at this strange new alliance between me and doing expensive new things for us, but sim Federal Reserve Office opened in Milwaukee the Fed, I reply with the old slogan: if you ply stop doing expensive old and wrong a couple of years ago. Today a large part of can't lick 'em, Join 'em. things to us. its check-clearing operations are conducted In a sense, America has had an uncon by people who live in the nearby city neigh Finally, I thank the Johnson Foundation, scious national urban policy that has led borhood. But this ls a mer.e drop in the which once again has magnificently brought to our present plight. bucket and there should be much, much together-if you'll pardon the expression more decentralization. the whole ball of wax. If the federal government w111 stop helping to create the unemployment and the infla 3. Mass transit. Providing jobs within The challenge before us ls that Milwaukee, tion which have dogged our cities; if it w111 walking distance of homes ls surely the best like so many of our great cities, ls becoming way to conserve energy. But a good mass a loser: losing population to the suburbs, forget about urban renewal programs and urban expressways which chew up neighbor transit system ls also needed. Subways, the exurbs and the Sunbelt, losing Jobs, los which are proving prohibitively expensive ing fl.seal solvency, losing the experience of hoods without compensating gains; if it will revise its tax laws so as to terminate incen from San Francisco to Washington, are not neighborhood and community, losing the for Mllwaukee. But mass transit, whether by convenience, safety, and attractiveness tives for landlords to milk their properties, and for plants to move out of the central bus or "light rall" {you remember the old which are the reasons for a city's existence and delightful trolley?) can and must pro in the first place. In constitutional terms, city; 1f it w111 think of job-hungry cities as the site for some of the decentralizable vide an adequate means of getting workers we are being short-changed on justice, on to and from their jobs in Milwaukee and its tranqu111ty, and on the general welfare. federal esta.bllshment; if it wm stop reward ing know-nothing state governments for suburbs. As with so many other cities, as our affluent 4. Housing. Many of the jobs have middle-class and skllled blue-collar workers neglecting the waste of local land the decay of local fiscal capacity; if it will concen migrated to the suburbs and beyond in re have moved from the city, the population cent years, and they wm not be coming back. left behind ls increasingly a dependent one, trate its aid programs on the needy, instead of scattering largess almost everywhere- It, therefore, becomes vital that suburbs not with little ab111ty to finance the city's public zone out housing for low-income workers, service needs. The decline of public educa Milwaukee and the rest of the nation could be off to a good start. as so many under one pretext or another tion, and the increased fear of crime, have have done. HUD has plenty of muscle, in its reinforced and accelerated the movement The four goals have to be jobs, restruc community development block grants and outward. tured federal programs, neighborhoods, and similar programs, to make such exclusionary On top of this, lower labor costs, cheap a vitalized state government. zoning unprofitable. Secretary Harris shows energy, and more attractive climates have • • • • • commendable signs of being wllllng to exer drawn businesses toward the sunbelt states I. JOBS cise this muscle. and away from the northeast and mldwest, There ls one way, more than any other, 5. Inter-regional moves. At present there ls including Milwaukee. whereby the federal government could help no national employment placement system Like other cities, Milwaukee has suffered all our cities, including Milwaukee. The worthy of the name. The U.S. Employment from a shrinking revenue base while expendi latest figures show unemployment rising Service should develop an effective national tures have risen substantially. The demand again, most ferociously in the case of blacks computerized service, matching job open for city services has increased, reflecting both and teenagers. Half of our 8 million unem ings with the skills and interests of avail the greater needs of an increasingly depend ployed now live near our cttv centers, and able and interested workers. Beyond this, ent population, and the greater propensity many are minorities and youths. the federal government should provide per of various segments of that population to sonalized retraining and relocation pro articulate those needs. These m11lions are trapped in the central grams, similar to those which many Euro cities by poverty, race, or undereducation. pean countries are using with great success. Meanwhlle, the cost to the city and its resi The leading economic activities available to dents of providing public services has in When you look at tbe relocation efforts we them are bootleg activities-drug-pushing, have expended in recent yea.rs on refugees creased. Inflation has far outstripped in prostitution, gambling, robbery. creases in the city's tax base. And not all the from Cuba and Vietnam, it would surely overhead costs or city government have We should start tomorrow to move re seem that we could do as much !or our own decreased with the decllne in the city's popu- morselessly against the structural unemploy- citizens. September 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 80703 6. National service jobs. Until the disad Brady Street, where the first neighborhood in local taxable values in the entire metro vantaged have acquired skills and self-con credit union in the state is meeting the need politan region should be fairly shared, fidence sufficient to find private jobs, the of neighborhood consumers and businesses rather than siphoned off to the more pros federal government will have to provide na for a neighborhood-controlled financial in perous communities. tional service jobs which combine a living stitution; Like Indiana, Florida and Tennessee, Wis wage, training, and imparting to young peo Park Freeway West, where a task force has consin could encourage true metropolitan ple a sense of cooperative purpose. These worked with a half dozen neighborhood area governments, or city-county consolida national service jobs could be out in the groups to plan a new-town-in-town for that tions which have much the same effect. country, like FDR's Civilian Conservation rubble-strewn area; Like Texas, Wisconsin could have helped Corps, or in the city itself-improving rail Upper East Side, where neighborhood or Milwaukee to escape confinement behind the road roadbeds, rehabilitating and insulating ganizations focus on everything from stop iron ring of suburbs by giving it in the be homes, recycling waste, renewing neighbor ping highrise apartments to university park ginning truly broad annexation powers. hoods, staffing day care centers and food ing problems to food cooperatives; Despite some progress in recent years, the programs. You'll note that many of these Upper Third Street, where despite tremen State of Wisconsin has still confined metro jobs require capital-tools and equipment dous problems the business and neighbor politan Milwaukee to fragmented, ineffective as well as labor; so let capital be provided. hood community are determined to revitalize and not very democratic local government Milwaukee city and county are both ready to this strip area; too many jurisdictions and officials, hopeless respond to such a federal initiative. Milwaukee's Mayor Henry Maier, in group disparities in revenues between richer and • ing Park West and the Menomonee Valley poorer areas, hybrid sewerage commissions An exciting approach to jobs and redevel with the downtown shopping area revitaliza and X-way commissions and planning com opment in Milwaukee is now beginning to tion project, wisely avoids a mistake which I missions where responsibllity is difficult to emerge from City Hall, with the help of some believe Detroit and Atlanta have recently fix and the buck is easy to pass. private movers and shakers. Three related ma.de. There the city fathers have put huge One of these days, in my judgment, the projects can materially ease our Milwaukee amounts of capital into monumental build federal government may decide that the $2- central city unemployment: ing projects in their downtown, with the plus billion every year which it pays the hope that a rebuilt downtown will automati states through general revenue-sharing is Downtown revitalization cally put the rest of the city back on its feet. not very cost-effective for the federal gov A new federal office building, and a new There are already indica.tions that this ernment. In fact, in the 1976 presidential hotel, can give the necessary spark to a approach won't work. Surrounding the Ren campaign, candidate Jimmy Carter declared turn-around in the presently deteriorating aissance Center in Detroit and the Omni himself opposed to revenue-sharing with the downtown area west of the ·Milwaukee River. Center in Atlanta are blocks of rubble, com states. It may well be, therefore, that future These downtown white-collar jobs can be mercial buildings with rentals too high for revenue-sharing with the states will be con very helpful for close-in residential areas. anything but "adult" book stores, and de ditioned on their at last coming to grips Park Freeway West teriorating residental neighborhoods. with the problems of local finance, loca. Turned down by two successive Secre Milwaukee's City Hall is rightly recog governmental reorganization, local land use taries of Transportation, Park Freeway West nizing that if all the money and effort went planning. is now 3.2 miles and 150 acres of discourag into the downtown rehabilitation there By turning its attention to these problems ing rubble. The Park West Task Force is pro would be none left over for nearby neighbor now, the State of Wisconsin could have itself posing to use this wasteland for multi hoods, where the people live. The resulting from being caught asleep at the switch i! income housing, for parks anct open space, frustration and bitterness could isolate the this happens down the road a year or two. for revitalization of the North Avenue-Fond new downtown. du l.iac Avenue commercial strip, for an in This dual approach-CALIFORNIA the U.S. controls the rate of shipments of and bridge damage is estimated at $35 mil IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stainless and tool steel products from Japan, lion. western Europe, Sweden and a number of Some 50,000 people have had their homes Thursday, September 22, 1977 other nations. The controls were imposed affected, at least 7,000 have seen their homes Mr. ROYBAL. Mr. Speaker, as the after the industry and the USWA had shown completely wiped out. House pauses today to honor the memory that they were being adver~ely affected by "Thousands of public buildings-apart such imports. The Trade Act of 1974 pro ments, offices, schools and the like-will have of a most distinguished former member, vides for such safeguards to protect a do to be inspected to determine whether they I would like to express the deep loss mestic industry and its workers against in are safe," says Paul J. Smith, state labor and shared by all those who had the privilege jurious imports. industry secretary. to know William R. Hull, Jr. He was a Mr. McBride recalled that unemployment Road and bridge damage has been esti dedicated and effective legislator who in the Specialty Steel Industry in the Pitts mated at $35 million. The Pennsylvania De served the people of Missouri's Sixth burgh area ranged from 10 to 35 per cent partment of Transportation has listed 131 during the first part of 1975 and that today, Congressional District faithfully for 18 bridges as being affected, including 23 that years preceding his retirement in 1972. even with the restraints in effect, "this in are still unuseable and 971 miles of road in dustry has not yet fully recuperated from various stages of damage. His capable representation earned him the unremitting assault of imports." Only now is telephone service being re the great respect of his colleagues and He pointed out that "even if adjustments stored. the people of Missouri. Further, his serv for productivity gains are taken into account, ice as a member of the Appropriations the employment statistics of this industry But for the young people of Johnstown, the key to whether they stay or go apparently Committee has been of significant im still reflect the serious erosion incurred as a portance to the Congress and the Nation. result of imports." lies with the future of the sprawling Bethle hem Steel Company plant-a plant that I consider it my good fortune to have He said proof that workers in the Specialty until Tuesday, July 19, employed close to 12,- served with Bill both on the Appropria Steel Industry continue to be injured by 000 area residents. imports ls shown by the record of trade ad tions Committee and in the House of justment assistance since the ITC recom Even as Johnstown digs out of the mud Representatives. mended the import restraints. He cited the and debris, the rumors are that Bethlehem It is, indeed, with great sadness that fact that from January, 1976 through June, will not reopen at all, or will only reopen part of its mill and shut down other shops. we now mark the passing of this fine 1977, the Labor Department acted on peti legislator, colleague, and friend, who tions affecting 9,594 workers and that 76 per The rumor is unconfirmed. The firm says cent of them were certified as eligible for only that the reopening of some facilities worked so hard to create a better life for assistance because imports had contributed will be held up pending determination of the all Americans. My sincerest sympathy is importantly to the loss of their jobs. full extent of the loss. extended to his family. September 28, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30705 NO CASE FOR THE NEUTRON would apply also in Korea, Taiwan, and the COMMENTS ON THE NEUTRON BOMB Middle East. The argument is based on the premise that BOMB NATO is outmanned and outgunned in con HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN ventional weapons by the European forces of HON. TIMOTHY E. WIRTH OJ,' MASSACHUSETTS the Warsaw Pact. Therefore, the argument goes, the Soviet Union, if it were of a mind OF COLORADO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to do so, could overrun Western Europe un IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Friday, September 23, 1977 less NATO resorted to tactical weapons, of Friday, September 23, 1977 which there are about 7,000 in the area. But Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, a vote on these are so destructive that the President Mr. WffiTH. Mr. Speaker, I have re the authorization of funds for the neu of the United States (the only person who cently received a letter from one of my tron bomb is imminent. When the ERDA can legally give the order to fire them) would constituents, David Lamb, inclosing the authorizations for national security pro be reluctant to use them; or at least the So following persuasive comments on the grams (H.R. 6566) comes before the viets are sufficiently dubious of his deter mination to use them that they lose their neutron bomb. I would hope that my House, I will join with nine of my col deterrent effect. colleagues would take the trouble to read leagues in introducing an amendment to The people who make this argument go on them, and for that reason, I include them delete all funding for the neutron bomb. to conclude that what is needed is a smaller, in the RECORD: The fact is that, to date, no persuasive neater, less destructive weapon the potential COMMENTS ON THE NEUTRON BOMB case has been made in favor of the need use of which the Soviets would find cred ible-in a word, the neutron bomb. (By Sir Rudolf Peierls, Emeritus Professor, to introduce at this time a nuclear war University of Oxford, presently Professor This is the same argument that was made of Physics, University of Washington) head which could have serious negative a number of years ago in favor of developing effects. Among these are an increased tactical nuclear weapons in the first place. 1. The "neutron bomb" is claimed to be likelihood that conventional war could It was said then that the big strategic bombs suitable for warfare on friendly territory, cross over the nuclear threshold and a on intercontinental ballistic missiles were so such as a war in Europe in which there might strong probability that the introduction destructive that they would be useless in a be fighting in NATO countries. In such a of this weapon by the United States ground war in Central Europe. And so they situation some destruction of property and would be matched, at some point in the would unless it were decided to use them to some civilian casualties are unavoidable, the near future, by the Soviet Union. blow up the Soviet Union-an option which idea is to minimize them. The neutron bomb ought not to be ruled out and which must might cause less blast and fire damage than Many of our allies in West Germany, certainly give the Soviets pause. other tactical nuclear weapons of comparable whom the neutron bomb is designed to Anyway, a great deal of effort went into de military value (though the range of destruc "protect," have voiced sharp opposition veloping smaller nuclear weapons, but even tion is still considerable) but, speaking as to the deployment of these weapons on these are now found by proponents of the a European, I would be more concerned with their soil. They are justifiably skeptical neutron bomb to be too destructive. One the people killed or injured than with prop about the argument that this weapon will might take some perverse comfort in this ap erty destroyed. The neutron bomb could parent turning around of the arms race minimize the number of civilian casualties increase the deterrent effect of our ar instead of seeking bigger weapons we are and hurt mainly enemy soldiers-if enemy senal. Once the Soviets aquire this weap seeking smaller ones (could we possibly be troo,ps are concentrated and not widely dis on, how significant will it be? Given our on the road back to bows and arrows?)-if it persed amongst civilians, and if their loca ability to totally destroy Soviet society, were not aimed at making small nuclear wars tion is accurately known, and if in the hectic how necessary is this weapon? Given the not only conceivable but credible. This is a conditions of local fighting, one could rely on official Soviet policy that any use of nu highly dubious policy. Further, it overlooks precision in the targeting decisions and in clear weapons, whether labeled "tac two crucial facts: the evaluation of the presence of civilians 1. Sooner or later, and usually sooner and friendly troops within the very large tical" or "strategic," would inevitably rather than later, the Soviets can build any area of lethal or harmful neutron radiation. bring about strategic nuclear war, will weapon the U.S. can build. So what happens Those of us who remember the "precision the neutron bomb add to our security or to the extra deterrent the neutron bomb is bombing" in World War II, which, with detract from it? supposed to give NATO when the Warsaw highly sophiaticated bomb sights, on occa To date, these questions have not been Pact has it, too? sions hit the wrong city, or friendly troops, answered. The neutron bomb technology 2. NATO does not now have, and never has will have doubts particularly about the last has been around for many years. There had, a military doctrine for the use of nu condition. clear weapons. The closest thing to such a 2. For any tactical nuclear weapon, in• is simply no persuasive reason to use this doctrine is the unspoken assumption that eluding the neutron bomb, the possible use, technology now. NATO will fight with conventional weapons or threat of use, depends on seeing a dividing Mr. Pat Holt, former chief of staff of until it is losing and then it will fight with line between tactical and strategic nuclear the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, tactical nuclear weapons until it is losing weapons, giving confidence that the use of has addressed the basic issues underlying and then it will blow up the world. One may one would not bring retaliation by the other. the debate on the neutron bomb in the be pardoned some skepticism-indeed, one The Soviet Union has never accepted a fun should not be pardoned the naivete-that damental distinction between the two, and Christian Science Monitor on Septem the introduction of a new kind of nuclear this makes it very questionable whether tac· ber 21, 1977. Mr. Holt cogently sum weapon would advance the thinking of tical weapons would ever be used, and marizes the absence .of any real need for NATO's military planners in this regard. whether they could be a credible deterrent the introduction of this type of weapon. But, it is argued, the Soviets may develop against non-nuclear adventures. At the very I commend his essay, entitled "No Case the neutron bomb even if the U.S. doesn't, least they would invite retaliation by the for the Neutron Bomb," to my colleagues: and then where will it be? Well, it will be enemy's tactical nuclear weapons, and if right where it is now-with enough power No CASE FOR THE NEUTRON BOMB the·se are not neutron bombs, one would still to blow the Soviets ( and everybody else) off end up with large areas o! destruction. (By Pat Holt) the face of the earth . . That ought to be 3. Recent descriptions of the effects o! neu More than most weapons, the neutron enough. trons have made such a weapon appear much bomb has a curious Dr. Strangelove quality None of this is to argue that the U.S. ought more horrible than other weapons of war. to it: it kills people without destroying prop to close its mind to the neutron bomb for One can understand this !ear of its "insidi erty. ever and ever. It is only to argue that a per ous" invisible radiation, but in itself radia This would present an attractive tempta suasive case for it has not yet been made. tion is not more cruel or inhumane than tion to a government with a Dr. Strangelove After all, the idea for such a bomb has been other methods of killing people. If I was mentality. It could wipe out a defending kicking around in some of the more esoteric given a choice whether to be killed by blast, army along with so much of the resident scientific circles for a good 20 years. The shell fragments, napalm, or other "conven population as seemed necessary and then need for it seems no more urgent now than it tional" killers, or by radiation, I would not move in to take over the enemy's farms and was then. care much either way. However, the descrip factories intact. Although the new bomb is sometimes pre tions suggest that, outside the central zone, One of the arguments made for the bomb, sented as a mere refinement of weapons al in which neutrons would kill almost immedi though not carried to this extreme, is pre ready in the American inventory, it would in ately, there is a large area in which the radi cisely that because the bomb is more dis fact be a fairly radical departure. Before the ation dose will cause a very slow and linger criminatory, the inhibitions against using it U.S. absentmindedly backs into such a de ing death, or lasting injury. If it is true that in the heat of combat would be less, and parture, its implications, particularly for U.S. the neutron bomb causes substantially more therefore the credibility of the bomb would nonproliferation policy, ought to be con protracted suffering than other weapons of be greater. This argument is made with par sidered more fully than they have been thus war, it is indeed a cruel weapon. It is an ticular reference to Central Europe, but it far. other question whether its use would violate 30706 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1977 the 1925 Geneva. Protocol which prohibits we would avow our willingness to use it first, congressional Black Caucus legislative the use in war of "asphyxia.ting, poisonous or before the other side had used any similar workshop of criminal justice. People other gases, and of all analogous liquids, ma device) . from all over the Nation interested in terials or devices". This ls for the lawyers to If the 1925 treaty did not raise enough argue a.bout. problems, the 1907 Hague Convention on the criminal justice matters have come to 4. The decision to develop the neutron rules of land warfare prohibits (in Article Washington to hear various experts in bomb will no doubt lead t o further tests of 23 of the Annex) the employment in war of cluding Justice Department officials dis this weapon, and this will have a. very bad "materials calculated to cause unnecessary cuss related legislation and issues, and as effect on the negotiations for a. comprehen suffering·• and also of "poison or poisoned chairman of the workshop, I was forced sive test ban. Underground tests of a. weapon weapons." to be absent from the floor. with a yield as low as 1 kilaton (the stated The deployment of the neutron bomb, in yield of a. neutron bomb) cannot be identi a so-called "deterrent" role which depends on Had I been present, I would have fied by the earth shocks they ca.use a.t large our avowed readiness to use it first, sails voted "yea" on the final passage votes distance, and thus violations of a. test ban very close to the wind under both of these on H.R. 6796, the ERDA civilian R. & D. treaty on this sea.le could not be detected. treaties. MaJ:!y would, I believe, be likely authorization; H.R. 3, legislation to curb The hope of reaching agreement rested on to conclude on the basis of these long abuses of the medicaid and medicare the belief that tests of such low-yield wea accepted treaties, that the first use of such programs; and H.R. 5383, Age Discrimi pons were of no great military significance. a weapon would be a war crime, and that no nation in Employment Act amendments. Once such a weapon acquires an important commander in the field could issue a la w!ul I would like the record to reflect my sup place in the United States arsenal, it ls hard order to engage in such use. to see how one can reach agreement on a Secondly, and closely related, ls the fact port of these important bills. treaty. that this weapon tends to undercut our posi To sum up, I regard all tactical nuclear tion with the 145-odd other nations of the weapons as overrated in importance (section world that they should not develop biological 2 above) . Amongst them the neutron bomb weapons precisely because such weapons are LATIN LEADERS REFUSE TO EN may be particularly inhumane, not because repugnant, are inhumane, and are likely to DORSE NEW PANAMA CANAL it relies on radiation, but because it may cause great suffering. No doubt there are TREATIES cause a much greater number of cases of many Pentagon lawyers ready and willing to protracted suffering (section 3) . Its reputed make the argument that a slow and horrible advantages are very questionable (section death from neutrons is different than a slow HON. GENE SNYDER 1). One specific disadvantage is its adverse and horrible death from rabies, plague, or OF KENTUCKY cholera: I suspect that many in other na effect on the chances of reaching agreement IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on a complete test ban, which would help tions will regard such arguments as wholly to slow down the arms race. unpersuasive and self-serving and that our Friday, September 23, 1977 willingness to deploy such an obnoxious de THE "NEUTRON BOMB" vice may trigger their willingness in several Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, Virginia cases, to reconsider the biological weapons Prewett is one of our country's most (By R. L. Prosterman, Professor of Law, "option." University of Washington) astute and experienced reporters on If our decision on the neutron bomb led Latin American affairs. She has top-level Every so often, a weapon comes along that only two or three small countries to develop ls so horrifying to consider that it makes a basic biological weapon capability, we contacts throughout the Americas, and us wake up to the real implications, and the would have lost a hundred times as much publishes Hemisphere Hotline Report. mutually-reinforced insanity, of the arms "security" on this planet as the neutron Her report for the week of Septem race. The "neutron bomb" ls such a weapon. bomb could ever remotely have hoped to gain. ber 16, below, demolishes President Car The neutron bomb is, of course, another What we must learn ls that our weapons de ter's claim that Latin America is gung-ho in a long series of weapons-building initia cisions do not occur in a vacuum-that they for the new Panama Canal Treaties: tives taken by either the U.S. or the Soviets have consequences, including consequences for the deadly problem of weapons-prolifera [From the Hemisphere Hotline Report, over the past twenty years, each inviting Sept. 16, 1977] its response from the other, each, paradoxi tion, and that those consequences can often cally, tending to strengthen the hand of the be far worse than anything "gained" by our LATIN LEADERS REFUSE To ENDORSE TREATIES most distrustful "super-hawks" on the other initial decision to deploy. WASHINGTON, D.C.-Amld the hoopla of the side. It is, however, particularly dramatic Thirdly, is simply the fact that the neutron U.S. capital's "Week of Panama", the chief in its avowed relegation of human life to bomb comes as another escalatory initiative point Carter sought to make by inviting the "second place" and its bizarre rationaliza (immediately on the heels of our go-ahead hemisphere's heads of state to his Panama tion that it will save buildings while "mere with the cruise missile) at a moment when Canal treaty-signing was thoroughly kllled by ly" killing people; it ls horrifying, too, in there is a desperate need for the new Ad the visiting heads themselves. the hours or days of agony that it would ministration to find the means to begin a The visitors flatly refuse<1 to sign his ac acceptingly inflict on the majority of those de-escalation of the arms-race into which, companying "Declaration of Washington" within its range, before their death; and it despite SALT I, we are still mutually locked until the text was watered down to useless is extremely disquieting in its tendency to with the Soviet Union. What is needed, as an ness for Carter's principal purpose-that of alternative means to increase our "security," using the declaration to convince the Senate dismantle the psychological and political is the articulation of a strategy of gradual, "firebreak" that has existed in the policy that it should ratify the new Canal pacts. de-escalatory initiatives--each to be reci While much of the U.S. press was ooh-ing makers' minds between nuclear and non- procated by the Soviet Union before another ' nuclear warfare. But there are other very and aah-ing, as intended, over how many was announced; for example, instead of the Presidents and dictators were coming, a tense negative aspects, as well, of the deployment neutron bomb, a total nuclear test ban an of this weapon that have not been sufficient diplomatic struggle behind the scenes was nounced by us as a policy we would adhere lost by Carter. ly aired in the current public debate, and to so long as the Soviets reciprocated with that needs to be, before a fully-informed de similar forebearance (a ban, incidentally, As first drafted, the Declaration of Wash cision can be made. which would foreclose any additional testing ington implied the blessing of U.S. hemi First, its use may very well be contrary to of the neutron bomb); instead of the cruise spere neighbors on points in the U.S.-Panama existing international treaties to which the missile, a sharp limit to the number of an treaties themselves, including provisions United States ls a party-and the develop nual rocket tests announced by us as a policy that say the U.S. can intervene militarily at ment of such an "illegal weapon" can then we would adhere to until and unless the need to defend the Canal after Panama fully only serve to detract from the force of law Soviets exceeded that number, putting a halt takes over. Carter needed, and thought he in international relations and from the to the accuracy-upgrading which each side could get, a collateral signed statement to moral imperative that underlies the entire perceives as a threat to its land-based this effect from the chiefs of state and other series of arms-control treaties which we have ICBM's. representatives invited to the main treaty signing. For this purpose, the U.S. President striven to negotiate. In particular, the 1925 What is needed is a little constructive Geneva Protocol prohibits both biological invited some of these at great political cost imagination, not more horrors out of the to himself. warfare and the use in war of "asphyxiating, testtube. poisonous or other gases, and of all analogous Getting such a written commitment from liquids, materials, or devices". Unlike con other governments was essential to Carter ventional nuclear weapons, the neutron EXPLANATION OF MISSED VOTES because many moderates in the Senate well bomb would not take its toll initially or may decide for or against the Canal treaties principally as an explosive device, but chief HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. depending on whether Latin America mostly ly as a kind of "death ray" uncomfortably accedes to-or opposes-treaty provisions analogous, indeed, to the horrifying poison OF MICHIGAN supposed to protect U.S. economic and m111- gases used in World War I and successfully IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tary interests. banned by the 1925 treaty (and, unlike our Friday, September 23, 1977 Because he saw this need as so great, Carter "nerve gas", which we have solemnly under overrode his own New Left-McGovernite taken never to use first, the entire tactical Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, today I appointees when he invited to Washington idea underlying the "neutron bomb" is that have been chairing the meeting of the seven hemisphere government heads that he September 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30707 and the New Left have placed on the U.S. ting a healthy precedent for our times. He knowledgeable men in cattle, ranching, human-rights blacklist. could as easily have refused to negotiate and land matters in the entire State of Early on, the White House dropped mention with Panama's Torrijos due to his human Arizona. And today, thanks in large part of the proposed Declaration of Washington, rights abuses. to the encouragement and companion and the invitees were not told they would be Instead, Carter has entirely vitiated his human-rights credibility. We have seen a ship of his wife Phyllis, who teaches asked to sign a paper-one that would have U.S. President accuse, condemn, chide and third grade at Springerville Elementary plucked Carter's treaty chestnuts out of the penalize seven Latin American governments School, Bert Colter continues to be an fire with at least some thoughtful Senators. on "human rights" and then, when in polit Heads of state were asked, by the Organiza active businessman and civic leader in ical need of their supoprt, embrace them at Arizona's White Mountain country. tion of American States in the name of the the White House. No matter how Carterites U.S. and Panama, only "to be present" at the may claim that the seven (all anti-Marxists) Mr. Speaker, it is a privilege and an Sept. 7 treaty-signing. have "improved" on human rights in six honor to know great Americans like Bert The Declaration of Washington, a short months, this is bald expediency for all the Colter, and to represent them in the statement, said in the first version that the world to see. U.S. Congress. signatories "endorsed" the treaties. While The world, if not the U.S. public, also some visitors were actually enroute, like proc knows that Panama's Torrijos, made a Third ess-servers, White House messengers handed World hero by Carter's actions, grossly vio Latin American embassies in Washington the lates his people's human rights, that he NO-FAULT MESS JUST KEEPS ON declaration text. "The action is without prec tortures and murders political prisoners, has edent in the history of diplomacy," said one "family" ties with organized narcotics, and GETTING DEEPER irate hemisphere diplomat. The countries rules Panama with his Jackbooted National concerned were given the main treaty texts Guard, a body with Castroite officers in top HON. MATTHEW J. RINALDO at about the same time. positions. OF NEW JERSEY Then Jimmy Carter began to learn some WHAT CARTER HATH WROUGHT thing about Latin America. What ensued Virginia Prewett asked a left-to-right IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES should have taught him something also about spectrum of Lat.in American Presidents Friday, September 23, 1977 the unwisdom of the people who advised him whether (as the pro-treaty U.S. press insists) to call the hemisphere summit-advisors Latin Americans hemisphere-wide will attack Mr. RINALDO. Mr. Speaker, as a mem whose knowledge of Latin Americans is U.S. property and U.S. nationals if the Canal ber of the Consumer Protection and Fi apparently skin-deep. For the treaties Carter treaties are not ratified. Responding with a nance Subcommittee in the House, I have expected to get "endorsed" involve one of resounding "No"; Argentina's Videla, Bolivia's been working actively on the no-fault the touchiest issues, and one of the oldest, Banzer, Chile's Pinochet, Honduras's Melgar issue. The subcommittee has held nu in Latin American relations versus the U.S. Castro, Guatemala's Laugerud, Colombia's That issue ls intervention. Lopez Michelsen, and Costa Rica's Oduber. merous hearings on the subject, both Not surprisingly, the political kingpin of An editor of Bolivia's El Diario added, "Not in Washington and in no-fault States, the four Latin American countries actively unless some pinkos and Communists rig the and one State which has drawn particu backing Panama's demand for the new attacks." lar attention is my own State of New treaties, Mexico, announced in advance that Jersey. it would never sign such an endorsement. Even Canada balked. This attention has 1argely come BERT COLTER-ARIZONA PIONEER through a series of articles published in OPERATION ARMTWIST the Newark Star-Ledger by Mr. Herb Carter aides began hasty re-writes of the Jaffe, one of the finest reporters in the Declaration of Washington, and at least three HON. ELDON RUDD revised versions were debated behind the State. If there is to be reform by the OF ARIZONA New Jersey State Legislature, much of scenes right up through the day of the Canal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES treaty signing ceremony. Several Latin Ameri the credit must go to the Star-Ledger can Presidents told Virginia Prewett they Friday, September 23, 1977 and Mr. Jaffe. hadn't had time to study either the treaties Mr. RUDD. Mr. Speaker, the major Moreover, their work has continued or the Declaration of Washington. Another and recently resulted in the recision of said the English term "endorse" has no ade community newst'aper in Apache County, quate Spanish equivalent. (This was a polite Ariz., the White Mountain Independent, $82,000 in nonbid contra~t.s that were stall.) recently featured Bert Colter of Spring to be issued by the StatP. Ins·~1rance Com What had to be done to get the chiefs of erville as a unique personality. mission. state to sign was a complete gutting of the I want to join in paying tribute to Bert I would like to insert one of the most Declaration of Washington. As finally watered Colter. This great 91-year-old Arizona recent articles into the 'RECORD so that down (and signed by all but little Barbados) , pioneer still leads an active life in north my colleagues will be able to see first the document merely required the visiting hand the outstanding caliber of work government heads to "record our profound eastern Arizona, where he has been a satisfaction at the signature by the President cowboy, rancher, land investment man of Mr. Jaffe and the star-Ledger. of the U.S. and the Chief of Government of ager, deputy sheriff, county supervisor, The article follows: Panama" of the treaties, with no commitment State senator, and devoted family man. !From the Newark (N.J.) Star-Ledger, Aug. 2. whatsoever on the nature or content of the Since his retirement from the Arizona 1977] pacts. NO-FAULT MESS JUST KEEPS ON GETTING In keeping with the scale of this defeat for State Senate in 1951. where he served five terms, Mr. Colter has mapped DEEPER Carter, it was arranged that the visitors (By Herb Jaffe) quietly sign the gutted Declaration in an Apache and Navajo Counties for the OAS anteroom as they arrived. And not one State legislature, and has been involved The insurance mess in New Jersey is a far word was said about this in the televised in ranching and numerous private land cry from just being "the worst no-fault law festivities as Carter and Torrijos signed the transactions. in the nat ion," as it has been characterized Panama Canal agreements. by many in and out of the :;tate. Nor is it How much arm-twisting the U.S. had to Bert Colter and his family have made confined to constantly rising rates, or the do to get even with this watered-down a tremendous impact on Arizona's constricted availability market, or the out· declaration, which all the Latin Americans growth and development. Mr. Colter rageous cost of unregulated auto repairs. agreed among themselves means absolutely managed his brother Fred's large cattle Certainly there is a "mess" of sort& when nothing, no doubt will leak out gradually. operation at the Cross-Bar Ranch dur the state insurance commissioner, James Indications are that the U.S. arm-twisting ing the time that Fred Colter, also a Sheeran, recommends that Blue Cross and was harsh, especially with Mexico. If so, the State senator. was involved in the devel Blue Shield-both of whom operate in the U.S. will pay for it in future, and probably red- become the exclusive providers of no pay high. opment of the State's vital reclamation rault auto insurance in New Jersey in an The Canal treaty spectacular raises ques efforts that brought water to Arizona. effort to bring down the cost of the coverage tions about Carter that only time can an The Colters were instrumental in the to the public. swer. Did he go all-out for the Panama treat construction of the five major dams on And this pr-oposal comes i;.fter the same ies, far from a crisis issue in U.S. foreign the Colorado River. commissioners, only a short time ago. util1zed policy, out of sheer ignorance of what he was Bert Colter has seen Arizona grow the most negative language publicly possible getting into? Or out of sheer bullheadedness? to characterize the capability and status of from a wild territory of less than 35,000 the two nonprofit organizations. For Carter has stirred some hornet's nests people without a foot of railroad. to one that were quiescent. The Panama treaty is Certainly there is a "mess" when insurance sue had been lying around for at least 14 of the fastest growing, most desirable rat es are frozen by Sheeran, "in the public years. Carter could easily have said the U.S. States of the Union in which to live. interest," and as a result companies refuse refused to negotiate under threat, thus set- He is undoubtedly one of the most to make insurance available. 30708 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1977 This has resulted in more drivers than two senators, two assemblymen and four lay We, Rotarians in Taiwan, Republic of ever being thrown into the assigned risk persons. China, feel that the similar misfortune may status at potentially higher rates-includ During a commission hearing last Thurs fall upon us if President Carter should nor ing a good percentage who never had an ac day, while Sheeran was testifying, Menza malize the relationship between the United cident or driving summons. questioned whether the commission could States and "People's Republic of China." As And the "mess" is accelerated when the expect full cooperation from the department, you are aware, Rotary activities are not per State Insurance Department, a high-caliber especially after the commission had failed mitted in totalitarian states. And we are sure revenue producer for the state, doe3 not have on two occasions to obtain the testimony of that once Taiwan is to be ruled by Commu any semblance of a staff capable of examin the department's only property and casualty nists. we Rotarians will definitely face the ing insurance companies properly to deter actuary, Philipp Stern. similar destiny as experienced by our fellow mine objectively whether the rates they Oddly, the New York firm retained for the Rotarians in Spain. seek are adequate or prohibitive. study has no address or telephone listing. Its It is, therefore, our request that you should The "mess" is compounded when the As study was kept confidential for almost two communicate with your President Carter sembly Insurance Committee capitulates to and to impress upon him that his methods months because no bids were advertised for in normalizing diplomatic relations between a trial lawyer lobby, as it did last May, and such services under a waiver of bid practice removes no-fault reform bills from a possi the United States and "People's Republic of that exists for certain types of specialty serv China" are not to the advantage of the ma ble floor vote. ices that are not commonly available. But the "mess" continues. Gov. Brendan jority of the mankind living in the demo Byrne last summer appointed his own "per In this case, Public Affairs Research Or cratic system. We urge you to use your in sonal insurance consultant," former Assem ganization (PARO) was given the contract fluence on President Carter by sending him blyman Herbert Klein, to conduct an insur because, according to the firm's president, your views on the so-called normalization of ance investigation and report his findings Richard Morris, he has done other work in diplomatic relations between the United directly to the Governor. the past for Sheeran on a non-payment basis. States and "People's Republic of China." Eight months after Klein said the report Morris stated: The statements made by your Secretary of was presented, everyone connected to its "New Jersey, under Commissioner Sheeran, State Cyrus Vance before New York's Asia contents, including Byrne, says only "we're has been taking a pioneering role in seeking Society on June 29 and those by President evaluating the report." alternate systems of rating. I have worked Carter at the press conference the following This is by no means the end of the "mess." for about 2 ',2 years on a nonpayment basis day not only disappoint the 16 million free The Legislature finally approved a resolu with Commissioner Sheeran, analyzing data Chinese in Taiwan but also sadden the 800 tion that was almost 1¥2 years old to estab and pioneering new systems." mUlion Chinese fighting for human rights lish a no-fault study commission. The com In a five-page proposal submitted by the under the Communist-ruled mainland China. mission has a legislative mandate "to go be Insurance Department to obtain the non-bid Fellow Rotarians, we are pleading our case yond just no-fault" and look into the con contract for PARO, the purpose of the study to the leaders of US society and we sincerely troversial state rate regulatory system. involves highly technical research, dealing hope that you will lend us your helping But the commission of eight members in with analyses of rate-making and other in hands in the spirit of Rotary brotherhood. cludes five lawyers, and without demean surance complexities. Sincerely yours, ing the integrity of the commission, law By his own admission, neither Morris nor Thomas S. Chou, President, Rotary Club yers-whether they be trial lawyers or not anyone else on the PARO staff of four has an of Taipei; Chi-hwa Lu, President, Ro generally are average to changes in a no-fault educational background in insurance, nor tary Club of Taipei Northwest; Wilson law that has the lowest threshold of any of has the firm been employed by any other T. H. Lin, President, Rotary Club of the 16 no-fault states. The threshold is the governmental entity other than work Morris Taipei Shilin; Shu-san Hwu, President, level of medical bills above which accident says the firm did several weeks ago for the Rotary Club of Taipei Yenping; Fu-yu victims car_ sue for "pain and suffering." New York Assembly, in its efforts to reform Chen, President, Rotary Club of Taipei And the "mess" becomes more confusing that state's no-fault law. West; and Jackson J. S. Chen, Presi when Gov. Byrne makes the statement, as dent, Rotary Club of Taipei East. he did publicly last March in Princeton, that C. W. Chang, President, Rotary Club of he strongly favors a "verbal threshold," sim Taipei Yangming; Thomas Chien, ilar to one now being considered in Congress, LETTER FROM ROTARIANS OF President, Rotary Club of Taipei to replace the $200 threshold in New Jer TAIWAN Southeast; C. G. Tsao, President, Ro sey's law, as a major no-fault reform. tary Club of Taipei North; Conway K. Byrne said legislation would be submitted H. Hsu, President, Rotary Club of Tai by the administration to provide such a re pei South; Yu-fu Lin, President, Ro form. But the legislation was never sub HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS tary Club of Taipei Shihmen; and Paul mitted by the administration, and if Byrne OF IDAHO Young, President, Rotary Club of agrees with his insurance commissioner, who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Taipei Ohingmei. has been publicly opposed to anything other than a dollar threshold, it never will be Friday, September 23, 1977 submitted. Moreover, there is a terrible "mess" when Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, when vis everyone-including Byrne-agrees there iting my home Rotary Club in Idah9 A BIRTHDAY TRIBUTE TO WILLIAM should be a ceiling on the no-fault law, during the recent congressional recess, HOLMES McGUFFEY meaning that an industry-sponsored fund, the following letter from our fellow Ro rather than insurers individually, would be tarians in Taiwan was brought to our responsible for paying no-fault medical and attention. I would encourage all my col HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK hospital costs to individual claimants that leagues to read it and consider seriously OF OHIO are in excess of $75,000. the fate facing Taiwan should the United IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The bill cleared both houses of the Legis States continue down the road of nor lature unanimously on April 28, but Byrne Friday, September 23, 1977 has never signed it, nor will he even say malization of relations with Red China. whether he will sign the bill. The many voluntary activities we take Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, Wil Perhaps the grand-daddy insurance "mess" for granted in this country, such as the liam Holmes McGuffey, author of "Mc is the most recent revelation by The Star Rotary Club, are outlawed in Commu Guffey's Readers," was born on Septem Ledger that the State Insurance Department, nist countries. I would hope that Rotari ber 23, 1800. While he was born in Penn two weeks after the Legislature finally estab sylvania and died in Virginia, he spent lished its no-fault study commission, quietly ans in the United States will pay heed to contracted with a New York firm that oper what is happening with regard to our 20 years in Ohio, and the company which ates out of one man's home for a $42,000 relations with Red China and what it will first published his "Readers" was Tru study of many of the same problems that are cost us in our efforts to foster freedom man and Smith in Cincinnati. It is an being studied by the commission. and humanitarianism in the world. association of which every Ohioan has Sen. Alexander J. Menza (D-Union), who ROTARY CLUBS OF TAIPEI, reason to be proud. is not running for reelection and has no Taipei, Taiwan, August 10, 1977. During his 10 years-from 1826--on political axes to grind, expressed surprise DEAR ROTARIAN: we have all witnessed at that the Insurance Department would have the faculty of Miami University, Oxford, the last Rotary International Convention Ohio, McGuffey took great interest in such a study made without making it public held in San Francisco in June 1977 a dra knowledge. matic and emotional moment to welcome public education and assisted the teach In addition, Menza was concerned over the the return of the delegates from Rotary Club ers of the local elementary schools. In Insurance Department's lack of cooperation of Madrid after their absence of more than his own home he established a model With his commission, which is composed of 40 years. school for neighborhood children. September 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30709 McGuffey's name and work is synony will live." Also, freedom refers to the "ex abandoned as we examine the issue of mous with basic education and old-fash tent to which people openly express opin Panama and the Canal Zone. ioned American values. His "Readers" ion without fear, and are protected taught children how to read but also con against arbitrary actions by an inde THE COMPARATIVE SURVEY OF FREEDOM tained lessons to be drawn, each of them pendent judiciary." In the survey, a free TABLE OF NATIONS aimed at teaching children not to lie, to state is designated by the symbol "F," A work hard, and other values which were partly free state by "PF", and a not free Pol itical Civil Status of Out- considered out of date in our recent pe state by "NF." nghts 1 rights I freedom 2 look 3 riod of disastrous educational experi The levels of political and civil rights Afghan istan. ______7 mentation. are judged on a scale of 1-7, with 1 being Alban ia______6 NF 0 7 7 NF 0 A tribute to William McGuffey is par the highest and 7 the lowest. A plus or Alger ia . ______•6 6 NF 0 ticularly appropriate this year, because minus following a rating indicates an Andor ra•• ______4 4 PF 0 Angola • •• ______6 6 NF 0 it is a time in which the tradition of edu improvement or decline in the rating Argentina ______6- 5- NF- + cation which "McGuffey's Readers" rep since the last survey. A rating marked Austral ia._------1 1 F 0 Austria ______1 1 F 0 resent seems to be vindicated at last in with a period has been changed since the Bahamas. ______1 2 F 0 all but the most intransigent circles. This last survey due to a reevaluation by the Bahra in • • _. ______6 4 PF 0 author. This, however, does not imply Bangladesh. ______7 47 PF+ 0 year even the Washington Post and the Barbados. ______1 1 F 0 New York Times, not to mention the any change in the country. Thus, to Belgium. ______1 1 F 0 Wirtz Panel, have admitted that the achieve a one <1 ) ranking in political Ben in'------7 7 NF 0 Bhutan ______4 4 PF 0 tragic failure of American education over rights, a country must have the critical Bol ivia• • _------6 •4 Pf• 0 the last decade and a half has been due rights provided by "a fully operative Botswana ______2 3 F 0 Brazil. ______4 5 PF 0 primarily to educational experimenta electoral procedure, generally including Brunei ______6 5 NF 0 tion and laxness of the kind McGuffey an electoral confrontation of multiple Bulgaria ______•7 7 NF 0 fought against. parties with a significant opposition Burma • •• • ___ ------6 6 NF 0 Burund i. ______7 6 NF 0 We are now in the 15th consecutive vote, and those elected must receive the Cambod ia'- _. ______: 7 7 NF 0 great preponderance of political power." Cameroon ______-- •7 •5 NF• 0 year of decline in the scholastic aptitude Canada . ______1 1 F 0 tests (SAT) scores of students entering A state ranked one (1 ) will also be Cape Verde Islands. ___ •6 0 6 NF• 0 college. For our national well-being, it is strong in subsidiary indicators, such as a Central Afr ican Republ ic ______7 7 NF + crucial that we remember and rededicate recent change of government from one Chad . ______------7 6 NF 0 ourselves to the educational principles of party to another, lack of foreign dom Ch ile ______7 5 NF + Ch ina (Communist). ___ 7 7 NF 0 William Holmes McGuffey. ination, decentralized power, or a broad Ch ina (National ist) ____ _ •5 5 pf• 0 informal consensus that allows all seg Colombia. __ __ ------2 3 F 0 Comoro Islands ______5 •3 PF 0 ments of society de facto power. On the Congo Republ ic .• ______5 6 PF 0 other hand, in a state given a rating of Costa Rica ______1 1 F 0 HUMAN RIGHTS IN PANAMA seven (7), political competition is nar Cuba . ______-- __ ---- 7 0 6 NF + Cyprus •• ______---- 3+ 4 PF 0 rowly restricted to in-fighting within Czechoslovakia. ______7 6 NF 0 party hierarchies, and all other attempts Denmark ••• __ -- ______1 1 F 0 HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO Dominican Republic ____ 4 •3 PF 0 to influence policy or personnel are con Ecuador ______•6 4 PF 0 OF CALIFORNIA sidered illegitimate. Egypt.. ------ s+ 4 PF + IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES El Salvador •• • ------ 3- 3 PF- 0 Similiar standards are applied to the Equatorial Gu inea .. __ -- 6 7 NF 0 Friday, September 23, 1977 area of civil rights where the following Ethiopia. ______-- 7 6 NF 0 Fiji • • ------2 2 F 0 Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I criteria were examined: Freedom from Finland . ______-- 2 2 F 0 would like to bring to the attention of my political censorship, open public discus France •••• ------1 •1 F 0 sion, the maintenance of a rule of law, Gabon •• ______------6 6 NF 0 colleagueS,. the January-February 1977 Gambia ______------2 2 F 0 publication of the journal "Freedom at freedom from government terror, eco Germany (East) ______7 7 NF + nomic independence of the media from Germany (West) ______1 1 F 0 Issue" and "Comparative Survey of Free Ghana ______------7 5 NF 0 dom" that it contains. The survey is government, and freedom of individuals Greece _• • ____ ------2 2 F 0 to move about, choose among education Grenada . ______-- 2 4 PF 0 published by Freedom House, a national Guatemala. ___ ------4 3 PF 0 organization whose board of trustees in al systems and occupations, obtain pri Gu inea •• _____ ------7 7 NF 0 cludes such persons as Zbigniew Brze vate property, operate in the market Guinea-Bissau •. - -- __ -- 6 6 NF 0 freely, or organize and join private or 3+ 3 PF 0 zinski, National Security Advisor to Pres ~~M~~ ======6 6 NF 0 ident Carter, Gale McGee, the U.S. Rep ganizations of choice. Honduras _____ ------6 3 PF 0 Hungary ______6 6 NF 0 resentative to the Organization of Amer Finally, the symbols in the "outlook" Iceland . ______---- 1 1 F 0 ican States, and the two distinguished column should be interpreted as follows: Ind ia_____ ------3 5 PF 0 Indonesia ... ______5 5 PF 0 Senators from New York, JACOB K. JAVITS "A positive outlook for freedom is indi lran .... ------6 6 NF 0 and DANIEL P . MOYNIHAN. cated by a plus sign, and relative stability 7 7 NF 0 :~:~-nci: ======1 •1 F 0 Freedom House has conducted coun of ratings by a zero." "The outlook for Israel..------2 3 F 0 try-by-country comparative surveys of freedom is based on the problems the Italy •• ------•2 •1 F 0 Ivory Coast. ______6 5 NF 0 the status of freedom in the world since country is facing, the way government Jamaica •• __ __ ------1 3- F 0 1972 as a complement to its more gen and people are reacting to these prob Japan. ___ ------2 1 F 0 eralized yearly surveys. I believe that the Jordan. __ • - -- __ -- __ -- 6 6 NF 0 lems, and the longer run political tradi Kenya . _------5 5 PF 0 results of this survey are extremely im tions of society. A judgment of outlook Korea (North) ______- -- 7 7 NF 0 portant in light of the strong stand Pres Korea (South) ______5 6- PF? 0 may also reflect imminent change, such Kuwait.. ___ ------6- 5- NF- 0 ident Carter has taken on human rights Laos ••• ------7- 7- NF- 0 and the possible ratification of the re as the expected adoption of a meaning Lebanon . ______-- 4 4 PF 0 ful new Constitution." Lesotho •••• • __ ------5 4 PF 0 cently signed treaties with the Republic Liber ia•• ·-- __ -- ____ -- 6 4 PF 0 of Panama. Mr. Speaker, I am presenting this sur Libya ______7 6 NF 0 vey to my colleagues because it draws Liechtenstein...... ___ _ 4 2 PF 0 Judgment of countries was based on Luxembourg______._. - 2 1 F 0 four categories: political rights, civil attention to the state of political rights, Mal agasy Republ ic __ ___ 6- 5 NF- 0 civil rights, and freedom in Panama. In Malaw i ______7 6 NF 0 rights, status of freedom, and future out Malaysia .... ___ -- •• -- - 3 4 PF 0 look. Freedom, according to the survey's fact, the seven, six, and not free (NF) Mald ives ..... ____ ---.• 4 4 PF I) authors, is defined as "the extent to ratings for the above-mentioned cate Mali ...... ------· 7 7 NF 0 Malta ______1 2- F 0 which the people of a country are able gories place Panama on the same level as Mauritania ____ ...... 6 6 NF 0 to play an active and critical role in the Soviet Union and Cuba. The question Mauritius ______3 2 F 0 Mexico_· --_ .. _.•.•..• 4 4- PF 0 choosing their leaders, and thus ulti of human rights violations has been a Mon aco...... 4 2 PF 0 mately in determining the laws and leading plank in President Carter's for Mon gol ia ••. ___ .. ___ __ 7 7 NF 0 Morocco ._ ...... _...• 5 5 PF + means of enforcement under which they eign policy platform. It should not be Mozambique . __ ._._ ... 7- 7- NF 0 3071:0 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1977 Netherlands Kuwait Pol it ical Civil Status of Out- New Zealand rights 1 rights 1 freedom 2 look 3 Liberia Norway Malagasy Rep. Seychelles Mauritania Nauru • . . . ..••••...... 2 2 F 0 Sweden Nepal NepaL • ...... 6 5 NF 0 Switzerland Netherlands ..... ••.•.. 1 1 F 0 Nigeria New Zealand . ...•.••.. 1 1 F 0 United Kingdom Oman Nicaragua ••••...... 5 •5 PF 0 U.S.A. Peru Nige r. ....•...••... . •. 7 6 NF 0 Venezuela Poland Nige ria ...••...... •.. 6 •4 PF + Norway .....•.....•.•• 1 1 F 0 2 Rhodesia. Om.rn ...... •5 6 NF 0 Botswana Saudi Arabia Pak ista n ...... •• •4 5 PF 0 Colombia Senegal Panama •••.....••.•. . 7 6 NF 0 Fiji Sierra Leone Papua-New Gu inea ..... •2 2 F• 0 Finland Paragua y •..•...... 5 6- NF- 0 Sudan Peru .•...... ••••.•... 6 4 PF + Gambia Swaziland Ph ilippines ...••...... 5 5 PF 0 Greece Syria Poland • .•..•...•..•.. 6 6 NF + Grenada Tanzania Portugal. .•....•..... • 2+ 2+ F+ 0 Israel Qatar ...... •..•...... •5 5 PF• 0 Thailand Rhodes ia ..••...••.•.. 6 5 NF 0 Italy Transkei Roman ia ...... •. 7 6 NF + Japan Tunisia Rwanda .•...... 7 5 NF 0 Luxembourg Uruguay San Marino ...••...•.. 2 2 F 0 Nauru Sao Tome and Pr inci pe . 5 5 PF? 0 Yemen (N) Saudi Arabia ...... •.. 6 6 NF 0 Papua-New Guinea Yugoslavia Senegal. ...•...... 6 4 PF + Portugal 7 Seychelles ...... ••. l+ 2 F 0 San Marino Afghanistan Sierra Leo ne ...... ••• 6 5 PF 0 Sri Lanka Singapore ...... •.•..•. \ 5 5 PF 0 Albania Somal ia .•.•...... 7 •7 NF 0 Surinam Benin South Africa ... . •..... 4 5 PF + Trinidad & Tobago Brunei Spa in ••.•...••...... 5 3+ PF + Turkey Bulgaria Sri Lan ka ...•.•.•••.•. 2 •3 F• 0 Sudan •...•...... • 6 6 NF 0 3 Burundi Surinam ....••...... 2 2 F 0 Cyprus Cambodia Swaziland ....•.•..••.. 6 4 PF 0 El Salvador Cameroon Sweden ...... •..... 1+ 1 F 0 Guyana Central Afr. Rep. Switzerland •...... •. 1 1 F 0 Syria ..••...•••••••... 6 •6 NF 0 India Chad Tanzan ia ...... •. 6 6 NF 0 Malaysia Chile Tha iland ...... •... 6- 6- NF- + Mauritius China (Com.) Togo ••••...... •.. 7 6 NF 0 4 Cuba Tonga _...... •..... 5 3 PF 0 Transkei ...... •••..•. 6 5 NF? 0 Andorra Czechoslovakia Trinidad and Tobago .. . 2 2 F + Bhutan Ethiopia Tunisia...... 6 5 NF 0 Brazil Germany (E) Turkey . •...•.•.••••.• 2 3 F 0 Dominican Rep. Ghana Uganda ...••.•...... _ 7 7 NF 0 U.S.S.R...... 7 6 NF 0 Guatemala Guinea Un ited Arab Em irates .• •5 5 PF• 0 Lebanon Iraq Un ited Kingdom ....•.• 1 1 F 0 Liechtenstein Korea (N) Un ited States •...... 1 1 F 0 Maldives Laos Upper Volta ...... s+ 5- PF + Mexico Uruguay .••...... 6- •6- NF- + Libya Venezuela ....· ..••.•.. •1 2 F 0 Monaco Malawi Vietnam •...••...... 7 7 NF 0 Pakistan Mall Western Samoa ....• . . . 4 2 PF + South Africa Mongolia Yemen (North) ...... • 6 5 NF 0 Yemen (South) ...... •• 7 7 NF 0 W. Samoa Mozambique Yugoslavia ••.....•.••• 6 6 NF 0 5 Niger Za ire ...•.•....••••... 7 6+ NF 0 China (Nat.) Panama Zambia •...•..•..•.... 5 5 PF 0 Comoro Is. Rumania Congo Rep. Rwanda 1 The scales use the numbers 1- 7, with 1 comparatively Egypt Somalia offering the highest le vel of pol itical or civil ri ghts, and 7 the Indonesia To~o lowest. A plus or minus following a rating ind icates an improve ment or decl ine in the rating since the last survey. A rating Kenya U!?anda marked with an asterisk (•) has bee n changed since the last Korea (S) USSR survey due to ree valuation by the author. This does not imply Lesotho Vietnam any change in the country. For further i nformation on the scale Morocco Yemen (S) and survey see Freedom at Issue, January- February 1973, p. 2ff. Nicaragua Zaire 2 A free state is des ignated by F, a partly free state by PF, Paraguay and a not free state by NF. Philippines RANKING OF NATIONS BY CIVIL RIGHTS J A pos itive outlook for freedom is ind icated by a plus sign, Qatar a negative outlook, by a minus. and relative stability of ratings [NOTE: Ranked on scale o! 1 (most free) to by a zero. The outlook for freedom is based on the problems Sao Tome & Principe 7 (least free).] the country is fa ci ng, the way the government and people are Singapore 1 reacting to these problems, and the longer run pol it ical tradi- Spain •tions of the soc iety. A j udgment of outlook may also reflect an Australia imminent change, such as the expected adoption of a meanin11ful Tonga Austria new constitution. United Arab Emirates Barbados • The n3me of Dahomey has been changed to Ben in. Cam Upper Volta bod ia is now officially Kampachea. Belgium Zambia Canada RANKING OF NATIONS BY POLITICAL RIGHTS 6 Costa Rica Algeria Denmark [NoTE: Ranked on scale o! 1 (most free) Angola to 7 (least free) . ] France Argentina Germany (W) 1 Bahrain Iceland Australia Bangladesh Ireland Austria Bolivia Italy Bahamas Burma Japan Barbados Cape Verde Is. Luxembourg Belgium Ecuador Netherlands Canada Equatorial Guinea New Zealand Costa Rica Gabon Norway Denmark Guinea-Bissau Sweden France Haiti Switzerland Germany (W) Honduras United Kingdom Iceland Hungary U.S.A. Ireland Iran 2 Jamaica Ivory Coast Bahamas Malta Jordan Fiji September 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30711

Many terrorists, for example, have been z1 Rhodesia Alone, op. cit. indicating a waning confidence o! blacks in found with Mao Tse-tung's famous red book n Ibid. an administration they earlier had put great of quotations, printed and distributed in 23 Human Events, August 20, 1977. faith in. Peking, on their persons . . . . In addition, 21 "Cuba: Island of Terror," loc. cit. "But we were promised a hard look," said almost all of the equipment to sustain the Mitchell, adding, in a deliberately wry tone, war originates from Communist countries. "and we have to assume that the President The USSR and PRC individually supply wouldn't lie to the Black caucus." weapons, ammuntion, explosives, uniforms, WASHINGTON POST ARTICLE PAYS On occasion Farren Mitchell, a Maryland money, and food . . . Direct aid is also TRIBUTE TO REPRESENTATIVE congressman since 1970, is the guarded poli shipped by other Communist states, princi tician, stepping gently but still jabbing. A pally East Germany, Poland, Bulgaria, FARREN MITCHELL more frequently heard Mitchell is the un Hungary, and North Korea."!!:! happy warrior, the man who for months has As for the outlook of the Rhodesian guer claimed that the nation is entering a "Sec rilla forces themselves, the Washington HON. PAUL SIMON ond Reconstruction," as he sees the hard weekly Human Events reports: "While the OF ILLINOIS won gains of the civil rights era chipping various Rhodesian 'liberation' groups who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES away. provide the cover for the terrorist raids are "Well, black folks are going down the drain touted as African 'nationalists,• it is note Friday, September 23, 1977 again," said Mitchell, whirling into his Capi worthy that both the Zimbabwe African Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, today's tol Hill office and thumping a Pall Mall on Nationalist Union (ZANU) and the Zim Washington Post has a feature story his desk. Though he spoke calmly, he looked babwe African People's Union (ZAPU) have worn, his pugged face smoldered with frus declared themselves as Maxist-Leninists. about one of our finest Members, Rep tration. It's not only a political viewpoint, "A ZANU manifesto states, for example: resentative FARREN MITCHELL. a. subject for fiery rhetoric on the speaking 'ZANU is guided by the principles of Marx It has been my privilege to see his circuit but a personal setback, because that ism-Leninism.' A ZAPU spokesman puts it: righteous wrath in action on the Budget century-long fight for social equality has ' . . . it is no secret that we base our work Committee, where he has eloquently motivated Mitchell, a member of a pre on the principles of Marxism-Leninism and spoken to the most fundamental need eminent civil-rights family, from the cradle that our ideological position is rooted in the this Nation has-to guarantee jobs to all to Congress. masses. The struggle to create a new society Americans. And, curiously, while many have seen a such as we are striving for must be based on worsening national picture for minorities, the principles or scientific socialism.' "z3 FARREN MITCHELL is one of the finest the star of Farren Mitchell has steadily risen. That the Cubans and the Soviets have Members of Congress by whatever stand In other years, Mitchell grabbed the head centered their attention on undermining the ard you make the judgment, but most lines only for interceding dramatically in government of Rhodesia is understandable, important is his humanitarian thrust. prison disturbances, and last year, for run considering that a victory for the radical fac He recognizes that Government is here ning up an overdue phone bill. Now he's tions would firmly entrench Soviet influence to serve the needs of people, and that becoming increasingly influential as he leads in eastern and southern Africa, and thus en those whose interests must be watched discussions with Carter and Cabinet officers. able the Soviet-Cuban axis to isolate South Today and Saturday the Black Caucus is Africa. with the greatest care are not the rich and powerful but those who are politi holding its annual two-day summit of politi Clearly, the Cubans and the Soviets realize cal and economic workshops and social the crucial geopolitical significance of the cally inarticulate, who buy no $100-a events. Mitchell will be the host to Jimmy African continent. The degree of Cuban com plate dinners for political gatherings, and Rosalynn Carter and 3,000 other guests mitment to dominating Africa is reflected in who may not even know that Congress at the group's fund-raiser Saturday evening. the boast of Gabriel Garcia Marquez, a Co is in session or who their representative He will make his first appearance on "Meet lombian communist writer, who claims that in Congress is. To those people we must The Press" the next morning. "there is not a single African 'liberation give hope, and that is what FARREN Yet he's snarling. "Yes, I'm pessimistic. movement' that has not counted on the soli MITCHELL stands for. There's a new mood in America that's anti darity of Cuba, sometimes in the form of History's test of whether we are a black. It's painful," said Mitchell, bis words arms and materiel and other times in the bouncing off the photographs of those mile form of training for military and civilian civilized society is not likely to be stones in black progress, the signing of the technicians and specialists." z, whether we made enough nuclear war civil-rights bills of the '60s. In short, it appears that Angola was merely heads, but whether we responded to the Ironically, these warnings come as the the first of many dominoes to fall in the face needs of the hungry, and PARREN MITCH new Democratic administration settles in. of continuing aggression engineered by Mos ELL understands that. In only one respect After his initial meeting (shortly after the cow and adroitly carried out by its Cuban would I have a disagreement with the Inauguration) with Carter, the first Demo proxies.-By Dan Humbert, Policy Research article. The article speaks about his shy cratic President tt>e Black Caucus has had to Staff, and Fred Mann. ness. I have not detected shyness, but talk to since its formation in 1970, Mitchell FOOTNOTES I have not had the opportunity to know said, "We are not losing any ground." After a second meeting Aug. 31, he asked, "Has 1 New America, June 1977. him as well as others. "Gentleness'' would 2 London Sunday Telegraph, February 20, be a word I would use, rather than shy the status or black folks substantially changed since the President got into office, 1977. ness. He is a gentleman, in every sense 3 Christian Science Monitor, February 23, and answered himself, "No." 1977. of that word, but he understands that "Each of our meetings has been cordial 4 Westwatch, May 1977. courtesy and courage are not incom and pleasant," said Mitchell. "He has re ;; Congressional Record, May 20, 1977. patible, that respect for others cannot be sponded to the criticism of his programs by O New York News World, April 21, 1977. limited to morning greetings, but must blacks. I would like to believe that th0 Presi • Washington Post, March 21, 1977. also include giving all people an op dent is a decent human being. The question ~ Washington Post, March 4, 1977. portunity to enrich their lives, and the is, is his game plan more important than the ~ London Sunday Telegraph, February 20, lives of t!"leir community and Nation. It immediate issues? In a way I understand the 1977. Westwatch, May 1977. is a pleasure to insert the Post article: long-range view. He's a technician, he's part 1° Christian Science Monitor, February 23, scientist, and that's the way their minds 1977. "ONE OF Goo's ANGRY MEN"-HE Is FARREN MITCHELL, BLACK CAUCUS CHIEF work." 11 Westwatch, May 1977. He turned to the telephone, excused him l:l "Cuba: Island of Terror," America's (By Jacqueline Trescott) self, and placed a call to the White House. Future. "Mr. President, when you are wrong I will He's the pra.ctical p0litician, keeping the lines 13 Soviet Shadow Over Africa, Center for criticize you," Farren Mitchell told Jimmy open, especially when you've had to use Advanced International Studies, University Carter one recent morning at the White the back door for so long. of Miami, 1976. House. The President looked around at the SHARING THE SPOTLIGHT 11 London Sunday Telegraph, February 20, grim faces of the all-Democratic Congres 1977. sional Black Caucus, nodded to Mitchell on "All right, let's huddle," Mitchell ordered 1 ;; "Rhodesia and the Soviet Offensive in his right, and replied, smiling, "I know." his caucus colleagues before a press con the Third World," Rhodesia Alone, Council Outside, the press corps seized Mitchell, ference. They huddled. And when Mitchell on American Affairs, 1977. chairman of the 16-member caucus, who has finished discussing the Bakke Case on re 10 Ibid. unhesitantly aimed his own verbal arrows o! verse discrimination !or the media, all the u Ibid. "neglect" at the White House. "Were you caucus members sat down. That's Farren 1~ L. Valentinin, "Imperialism is the Enemy promised a domestic policy," they asked. Mitchell, 55 years old, a trim, 5 feet 5, who's of the People." August 14, 1976. "What about full employment, what about nicknamed "The Little General" because he's 1~ P . C. Roberts, South Africa-The Vital jobs?" quick on his !eet, organizes his !orces well Link, Council on American Affairs. "No, we weren't," said Mitchell, looking and barks out of his own impatience with :?O Congressional Record, May 20, 1977. past the notepads and news clippings of polls trivia. September 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30723 He's not a limelight grabber, says Ca.rdiss ing with Richard Nixon that the Black Cau his 1976 Granada. and drive back to Baltimore Collins, a caucus member from Chica.go, ex cus had waited 14 months to have. where he lives. Often the congressman hops plaining, "Pa.rren works ha.rd to make sure His anger can seethe. After two nights out a. few blocks a.way from his house, stop each person gets his share of spotlight. He's watching "Roots,'' Mitchell turned off the ping in the grocery stores and the neighbor forging the caucus forward because now we series and said publicly, "I! I had met any hood bars, checking on happenings. a.re acting rather than reacting." of my white friends I would have la.shed out When he gets to his own modest three-story In looking at Parren Mitchell, a man who at them from a vortex of primeval anger:' brick rowhouse, distinguished only be a spiral has not only been a participant but a test Sa.id his sister-in-law, Juanita. Mitchell, an staircase in the dining room, Mitchell, who in Maryland civil rights activities, who has activist attorney, "Pa.rren's emotion is the is a. bachelor, cooks, tends to his house plants been criticized as a superficial renegade but emotion of a. Pa.trick Henry. He didn't c;a.y and talks to his constitutents on the phone. now is generally respected as a bright and give me liberty later. Pa.rren is just one of "He subjects himself to his constitutency in hard-working legislator, there are many sides, God's angry men." a manner that's almost unfair to him," said some paradoxes. "I know I get emotional. But it's been more one staff member, Clarence Bishop. Well-known is the outspoken crusader, than 20 yea.rs from 1954 (the year of the Su One Saturday night, when Mitchell had part of a leadership reserve-the Mitc't>ell and preme Court decision on the school desegre several appearances scheduled, the phone Jackson families-active for generations in ga. tion, the beginnings of the modern civil rang and a. young girl told him it was her Baltimore. Parren's older brother, Clarence, rights movement). How many people 11a.ve mother's birthday. She said her mother idol chief lobbyist for the NAACP, is a resuected been jailed, lost, and now you see those gains ized Mitchell and could the congressman stop force on Capitol Hill; one nephew is a Mary unraveling," said Mitchell. by her birthday party. Mitchell said it was land state senator, another a member of the "When I get angry I take 30 minutes by impossible, but he would talk to her mother Baltimore City Council. myself to think, quietly, just thinking. I'm on the phone. The girl hung up. A few min Also, there's Mitchell the recipient of a not ashamed of my anger. I had a very close utes later her brother called, apologized for Purple Heart in World War II, who is now a friend, Walter Carter, who had ta.ken his the request and told Mitchell he knew the pacifist and votes against all military aide, beatings, trying to change the laws. We were congressman didn't have time for birthday a position his Jewish constituency loathed ready to work on the next level, forming the parties. Before the evening was over, Mitchell in his early terms. Also, there is the some laws from inside th9 system. Then one night surprised the family by showing up. times-acid orator who lovingly cares for the Walter died, just died at a public meeting. I Once Mitchell toyed with the idea of run roses and grapevines in his backyard. And have never gotten over it, that's why I'm ning for mayor of Baltimore but now thinks there's the Episcopalian who's a lay reader angry, so lives like Walter's wouldn't be Congress fits his game plan. "It is clear that in his church but receives "more of a re wasted." this is where the damage is going to be," he ligious experience," according to a friend, FAMILY VOICES says. from hearing black kids sing spirituals or So, in many ways, Parren Mitchell grew up attending a senior citizens' play. enraged, hearing the fatigued but never He's the liberal colleague who helued re hopeless voices of his family plan the next TRIBUTE TO JUDGE LLOYD R. move Rep. Robert Sikes (D-Fla.) from a boycott. Elsie and Clarence Mitchell gave HAYNES OF YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO powerful subcommittee chairmanship on a their sons time for the boyhood games of conflict of interest question and the liberal "King of the Mountain," but also gave them voice who called very early for Richard a picket sign. With his older brother, Clarence, Pa.rren HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY Nixon's resignation and who sued Nixon over OF OHIO the bombing in Cambodia-yet who admires Mitchell marched outside the department John H. Rousselot (R-Calif.), former na stores, the amusement-park gates, the thea IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tional publicity director of the John Birch ter box offices. Now many of those business Friday, September 23, 1977 Society, for his grasp of details. The staffs men a.re Mitchell's constituents in a dL,;trict of their two mutual committees call Mitchell that includes part of downtown Baltimore, Mr. CARNEY. Mr. Speaker, on Octo and Rousselot "The Bookends." Said Rous Coppin State College, middle-income neigh ber 9, 1977, a testimonial dinner will be selot, "I certainly would call Mitchell a borhoods and housing projects. held in honor of Judge Lloyd R. Haynes strong advocate of his view. He is more active As a youngster Mitchell worked as an eleva tor opera.tor and delivery boy, graduated from of Youngstown, Ohio. than a lot of other members of the com Judge Haynes is one of the outstand mittee. We do differ but we get on fine." Douglass High School in 1940, served in Italy Timidness? Not before presidents, but a during the war and then earned a. degree in ing judges in the State of Ohio. He former female .!'taff member commented sociology from Morgan State College. earned his B.A., L.L.B., and Juris Doc "Parren is essentiallv verv shv. He will WRlk He had to sue to enroll at the University of torate degrees from Youngstown State up to you and say, 'Hey, baby doll,' or 'Devil,' Maryland graduate school in 1952. "You never University. He also took law courses at that's his other net name, but if vou teasP did things because you were a Mitchell, there Northwestern University School of Law him like that, he gets embarrassed, stammers wasn't that kind of pressure, you did things and at the University of Miami. and walks away." because it was right," said Mitchell. For the Only one group has drawn his rancor: the next few years, Mitchell worked as a proba Judge Haynes began his career as a drug pushers. "Essentially I'm a liberal but I tion officer, then supervisor of the city's pro member of the Youngstown Police De can't take a public stand on the de-criminal bation department, as executive director of partment. He served on the police force ization of mari.1uana,'' he exolained. the State Human Relations Commission, and for 25 years-9 years as a patrolman, and "As a probation officer I saw ~uys coming then he headed the Baltimore anti-poverty 16 years as a detective. He left the police off drugs cold turkey. They would be moving program. force to become assistant Mahoning in their own feces, their faces would be all "The experience showed Parren's foresight edness,'' says the Rev. Vernon Dobson of Bal County prosecutor, a post he held for 4 bloody from banging their heads against the years. Later, he served as a special coun wall. Those people, the drug traffickers, cause timore, a friend. "He knew the programs me to be less than a liberal." wouldn't last, so he insisted that upward sel in the office of the attorney general of Over the last 18 years Walter Orlinsky the mobility would be more than a sociological Ohio. Presently, he is serving his fourth president of the Baltimore City Council' and term. He made sure that the people not only year as judge of the Youngstown Mu a candidate for governor, has worked with get a job with the agency but also continue nicipal Court. and watched Pa.rren Mitchell. Mitchell has their education. He wanted the people to have something when the program was over." A recognized expert in the field of law, changed, in Orlinsky's view, from an integra Judge Haynes is licensed to practice be tionist to a man who only saw the black side In the late '60s Mitchell turned to teaching, of issues to a bridge builder. at Morgan's Urban Studies Institute, and to fore the State courts of Ohio, the U.S. elected politics. In 1968 he organized a pri district courts, and the Supreme Court "I wouldn't go as far as to say a conciliator. mary drive in six weeks and lost by less than of the United States. But the Pa.rren Mitchell who has less of a 5,000 votes to an 18-yea.r incumbent. Mitchell tendency to get involved on the black side of won the next election, a. pattern that hasn't Mr. Speaker, Judge Haynes has done a black-and-white ic:sue is a better oer1:on for been broken yet. an outstanding job in the performance the city. The only time he strays is when he "One of P's biggest frustrations when he of his duties. His balanced and fair inter gets too angry on a peripheral issue." ran the anti-poverty agency," said Judge pretation of the laws is deserving of the SEETHING ANGER Joseph Howard, an associate judge on the highest praise. It is fitting and proper Yet, his anger, a stinging backhand to any Supreme Bench of Baltimore, "was that he that the citizens of Youngstown express form of injustice, keeps Parren Mitchell keep knew what needed to be done but he would their appreciation of this good and de on keepin' on. be hamstrung by others ma.king the decisions, cent man. I would like to take this oppor His anger can erupt. When then Gov. Spiro others designing the budgets. He wanted tunity to express my personal congratu Agnew called together a group of black lead power, the power to change, and he has a ers after riots in several Maryland cities, and little more now, but he still hasn't slowed lations to Judge Haynes on his distin· then berated them, Mitchell stormed out. down." guished career. He has made a great con Another time, he exchanged sharp words BACK IN BALTIMORE tribution to our community. When his with then-Secretary of Housing and Urban Each evening, except in rare, emergency many friends join in honoring him, I Development George Romney at a 1971 meet- circumstances, Mitchell and a. staff aide get in hope to be there. 30724 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1977

PANAMA CANAL TREATY ISSUE defense of the canal has been a key issue in make the treaty a legal binding contract the minds of Congress and the American which gives certain rights and privileges ln people. The main treaty specifically spells consideration of other privileges given up on HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO out, in Article IV, the right of the United the other side. We must make it perfectly clear in this treaty that what we are agreeing OF CALIFORNIA States to defend the canal until the year 2000. In addition all of the press statements to do up to the year 2000 ls in direct return IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES made by the negotiators themselves, and by for the explicit rights that are being guar Friday, September 23, 1977 Administration spokesmen, have asserted anteed to us in Panama after the year 2000. that the second treaty, the so-called neu Otherwise, the treaty process becomes a Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, I trality treaty, also gives the United States mockery, Just a one-sided give-away. would like to bring to the attention of my the right to defend the canal after the year Finally, Mr. Chairman, I have one third colleagues the testimony of my distin 2000. reservation to propose. If this right of defense guished colleague from New York, the Unfortunately, these assertions are simply which I propose that Panama must concede Honorable SAMUEL s. STRATTON, on the not true. This alleged right is supposed to to us after the year 2000 is to be meaning be Implicit in the text of Article IV of the ful-and not Just mere rhetoric to assuage Panama Canal Treaty issue before the the American people-then it is absolutely House Committee on International Rela neutrality treaty. But the word "defense" does not even appear there! All that Article essential that we also have on the spot in tions. I believe the Congressman's reser IV says is: Panama. itself the means to exercise that vations about certain provisions in the "The United States of America and the right. recently signed treaties are certainly Republic of Panama agree to maintain the In the present treaties as now drafted we valid and deserve very close examination. not only have no such explicit right, but for regime of neutrality established in this all intents and purposes we are expressly The testimony fallows: Treaty, which shall be maintained in order barred from exercising it because Article V of TESTIMONY OF CONGRESSMAN SAMUEL S. that the Canal shall remain permanently the Neutrality Treaty forbids us to "maintain STRATTON ON THE PANAMA CANAL TREATY neutral ..." mllitary forces, defense sites and mllitary in ISSUE BEFORE THE HOUSE COMMI'ITEE ON But this doesn't say a word about defense. stallations" within the Republic of Panama. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS It only mentions neutrality. And how do you Clearly, if we are to deter or successfully Mr. Chairman: I appear here this morning get "defense" out of "neutrality"? oppose any effort to capture the canal and in opposition to the Pana.ma canal treaties- In his original press conference on th~ close it down we can only exercise that right not to the treaties in toto, let me make clear, treaty, President Carter, commenting on this effectively from a. milltary base located ln but, as we say here in the House, I am op Article, said "we will have an assurance in the viclnlty of the canal. Without such a posed to them "in their present form." Which perpetuity following the year 2000 that the base our "defense" would be limited to trying means that 1f I were in the Senate or was to Panama Canal will be neutral, that our ships to destroy or recapture the canal from Flori pass along any advice to the Members of the will have unlimited access to the canal, along da, Texas, or Guantanamo after an initial as Senate, I would be supporting several major with the ships of other nations; we have sault had already been made on the canal "reservations" or amendments to these treat no constraints on the action that we can perhaps by paratroopers or amphibious land ies which I believe must be incorporated in take as a nation to guarantee that neu ing. Such an attack could well come from them before they wm properly reflect and trality." Cuba. If the Cubans can operate in force in protect the national interest and thus be But, Mr. Chairman, there ls a world of dif Angola, then certainly they can mount a sur suitable for ratification. ference between a clearly defined "right" of prise assault on the Panama Canal. And To this extent I believe you w111 find that defense, and "no constraints" placed on the once they take over physical possession of my position differs to some extent from that action we can take to preserve neutrality! the canal, our defense "right" would have of other treaty opponents who have previ Indeed the Panamanian Foreign Minster, largely disappeared. ously testified before you. I am not opposed Dr. Romulo Escobar Bethancourt, declared in Once the Cubans were in possession of the to some adjustment in the existing treaty a news conference in Panama City on August canal, would America really be prepared to that governs our position in the canal. I have 24th that "The treaty does not establish that retake it in a contested amphibious landing? been to Pana.ma. I have seen the glaring the United States has the right to intervene I wonder. But if our forces are already in economic disparities there between those who in Panama." place, if our defensive radar ls working and live in the Zone and those who live outside. So how meaningful ls tbls supposed right our patrol planes are on station out of an I recognize the potentialities for civil dis when one of the high contracting parties al American a.tr base near Panama City, then turbance and even guerr1lla warfare that ready denies that the treaty assures it? we can almost certainly deter any posslbllity have all been heavily stressed by those who If we leave this wording as it is we will of such an attack well into the future, or, have negotiated these two new treaties. I have to go to the World Court for an inter if it did come, wipe it out. would agree that we should take steps to pretation, presumably, before we know So I would propose, again in the main eliminate many of these glaring inequities whether we can legally resist an attack on treaty, that we require that our right to de that are more appropriate to an earlier age. the canal by aggressive forces. fend the canal involve at least one United We ought to turn over more and more of the So, Mr. Chairman, the only possible con States mllitary base in Panama, including an operation of the canal to the Panamanians, clusion is that these treaties are in fact se airfield. We have 13 or 14 in the Zone already. and we ought to make available to them a riously deficient ln protecting America's vital There is no reason under the sun, if the greater share of the financial benefits of the interests. They have been presented to the treaty really does give us the right of de canal-if, indeed, at this point there are any American people under false and misleading fense, why we should not retain at least one net financial benefits still left for those who colors as containing what they do not in U.S. defense base. It would not be Amerioan operate and manage the canal. fact contain. soil, of course; lt would be Panamanian son. So I do not quarrel with this general thrust So here is my first reservation to these And we would be there under treaty to aid of the major treaty. What disturbs me, treaties: they must specifically spell out the in the canal's defense. So the Panamanian though, is that these treaties go much too right of the United States, after the year flag could fly over the field, Just as the Span far. They clearly throw out the baby with 2000, to defend the canal from any aggres ish flag now flies over our Torrejon base in the bath. sion or hostile action that might close off Madrid. But anything less than that would the waterway to United States ships or ren make a sham and a mockery of the whole The Panama Canal is a valuable Ameri der the canal itself inoperable. In these criti pretense of American defense rights. can asset. It is important to our sea-borne cal days, with possible threats that might I realize, Mr. Chairman, that these reser commerce. That's why we built it, and why arise from Soviet or Cuban action ln the Car vations would require reopening the nego we have paid heavily to maintain it over the ibbean, we cannot possibly rest our national tiations. But let me point out that this years. One might argue, as it has indeed interest on some abstruse interpretation of would never have been necessary had the ne been argued, that the canal is not quite as vague and ambiguous language ln the treaty gotiators made a serious effort to listen to valuable to us today as it was 30 or 40 years that has already been repudiated by a lead the American people and the Congress befor& ago. That may well be true. But It is still ing official of the other signatory power even they began their negotiations rather than valuable and it will continue to be valuable before the document ls signed. after they had concluded them. into the future, especially, as now seems Secondly, Mr. Chairman, there must be no With these reservations the treaty 1s of likely, we soon begin to ship our new oil doubt that tMs defense rigrt is expressly in course not quite as generous to the Pan supplies from the North Slope of Alaska corporated in the basic treaty itself. As amanians as in lts present form. But after around to the East Coast. long as there are two treaties, one before all, we are promising to give them not only Therefore, wh81tever changes may be made 2000 and the other after, there wm always the canal, but to pay them generously, per in the operation or financing of the canal, be disputes as to which is the real treaty and haps too generously, for taking it away. Sure it is absolutely essential that the canal re which ultimately prevails. On this crucial ly in return for all these sweeping and ex main available to us and that control of it point of defense we can afford no such am pensive concessions, it ls little enough to ask be denied to our enemies into the indefinite biguity. Therefore, I would propose as my that we have a realistic and meaningful future-which certainly means well beyond second reservation that this U.S. defense right to protect and defend something we the next 22 years. That is why throughout right after the year 2000 be incorporated in built and have kept in operation. The Ameri all these negotiations the question of the the basic treaty. Only in this way can we can people were led to believe that that right September 24, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30725 was actually contained in these treaties. But As a note of explanation, the "Interna burn, Calif., with little damage; a sec somehow it just never managed to get writ tional Hotel" is a decaying building in ond bomb placed by the Lucio Cabanes ten in. San Francisco whose owners, the Four Unit of the NWLF at the Nevada City It is up to the Senate a.nd the House to see that these serious omissions a.re corrected. Seas Corp. of Thailand, have evicted the Coors distributor misfired. former tenants. The eviction resistance, August 7-a typical NWLF bomb ex which took many months of court dis ploded at the Coors distributor in Aurora, putes, also included rent strikes, sit-ins Colo. It is interesting that the com NEW WORLD LIBERATION FRONT: and rowdy confrontations with police in munique concerned local Colorado issues CALIFORNIA TERRORISTS EX which many San Francisco Bay area and was dryly intellectual after the style PAND TO COLORADO radical and revolutionary groups par of October League--Communis~ Party, ticipated. Marxist-Leninist-pronouncements on California leads the Nation in terrorist labor disputes concerning the Coors HON. LARRY McDONALD incidents, with 378 bombings during brewery. The bombing was claimed by OF GEORGIA 1976. A large proportion of the terrorist the NWLF's previously unknown Ludlow IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bombings in California have been Unit, named after the 1914 Ludlow claimed or attributed to the NWLF massacre that developed from a labor Friday, September 23, 1977 which has generally made one major dispute between a Rockefeller-owned Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, with bombing attempt each week. company and the United Mineworkers of the explosion of a bomb at San Fran The New World Liberation Front of America. - cisco's War Memorial Opera House the Symbionese Liberation Army gen July 27-an attempted bombing of the shortly after midnight on September 9, erally uses a high power plastic explosive Coors distributor in Susun City, north 1977, the New World Liberation Front called "Tovex." Some 2,000 pounds of of San Francisco. This time the NWLF's NWLF-which is composed of fugitive Tovex explosive were stolen in 1975 from primitive fuse failed. members and supporters of the Sym a quarry in Felton, Calif. More than July 14-the NWLF Lucio Cabanes bionese Liberation Army-SLA-con three quarters of that amount is still un Unit detonated a pipe bomb taped to a tinued its "bomb-a-week" program of accounted for. 350 gallon propane tank at the Coors dis revolutionary terrorism in California. The NWLF terrorists received national tributor in San Jose, Calif. Blown off its Phone calls to television station attention on September for its placement cradle, the ruptured tank careened about KTVU and to the Associated Press in of a massive dynamite and Tovex bomb the parking lot destroying parked cars San Francisco shortly after the explo at the Pacific Union Club on Nob Hill in and smashing tiles off the building's sion directed news reporters to copies of San Francisco across the street from the walls. Providentially none of the employ yet another communique, this time from Fairmont Hotel. Had the device fully ees were injured. the NWLF Tom Hicks unit. Apparently detonated, there would doubtlessly have The New World Liberation Front is an unaware of the fact that cultural activi been extensive structural damage to the example of a U.S. revolutionary terrorist ties are enjoyed by people from a wide club and hotel with a high probability of group whose members could have been range of economi: sectors or that opera loss of life and personal injury. Also on apprehended had law enforcement intel houses and concert halls have large September 1st, a small bomb exploded ln ligence units on the local and Federal numbers of inexpensive seats, the com a rest room at the private Olympic Club, level been able to develop the appropri munique was in the NWLF's broad rang but caused only minimal damage. The ate informants among the overtly revo ing "popular struggle style" which at NWLF's Lucio Cabanes Unit, named lutionary groups that preceeded the tempts to link the terrorism to key radi after a Mexican Marxist-Leninist ter NWLF/ SLA like the Venceremos Orga cal causes in the area. rorist killed in 1974, stated in its com nization and the local Vietnam veterans Directing the opera house bombing munique that it had attacked hotels that against the war group, as well as among against "the ruling rich," the commu "cater to the rich." The terrorist group the groups recruiting violence-prone nique stated in part: then called on its supporters to also en prison inmates to revolutionary causes. As long a.s poor people a.re forced to live gage in acts of sabotage and disruption: in unsafe, unhealthy housing, ruling class none followed. social sections will be threatened. • • • On August 29, t}:le city of Sausalito This country was built by our labor, yet the was plunged into darkness when three NATIONAL LUPUS WEEK rich without a callous [sic] on their hands NWLF pipe bombs destroyed the Pacific were and are the ones who reap the profits. Gas & Electric substation serving that HON. JIM LLOYD We don't need these rich parasites con area. The explosions combined with a trolling and stealing our labor. We know prolonged heat wave in northern Cali OF CALIFORNIA there won't be this mass suffering, this gross fornia produced continuing brownouts. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES injustice when the rich are removed from Friday, September 23, 1977 power by force and the American people are The NWLF's Eugene Kuhn Unit de in control; in control of production, control manded in its communique that the Mr. LLOYD of California. Mr. Speaker, of all the lives. PG&E utility "stop bleeding the poor." we are concluding the first National Just before midnight on August 24, the The terrorist message continued: Lupus Week today, and I would like to NWLF partially detonated a large bomb share the comments of Dr. Alfred Stein We must take steps to prepare to fight in the driveway of the home of the for berg of the National Institutes of Health. these rich vampires and get their greedy mer owner of the International Hotel, fangs from our throats. Ba.sic human rights Dr. Steinberg is among the leading re will not be given by these bloOd suckers but Walter Shorenstein. This explosion searchers into lupus. He recently stated: rather _must be ta.ken by force. marked the NWLF's return to "com Advances in immunology allow us to better munity issues" such as the International investigate the mechanism by which different After more rhetoric in the archaic Hotel, while the group's July and August factors interact so as to predispose persons revolutionary style now used only by bombings had generally been targeted to lupus. However, additional research ef such Maoist groups as the Revolution against the Coors Beer Co.'s distributors forts a.re necessary to better understand the ary Communist Party, the NWLF Cen in California. These bombings included disease so that we ca.n prevent it a.nd,· in tral Command then threatened to the following: the meantime, develop a. more comprehen "escalate" its terrorist actions unless its August 23-a dynamite and plastic ex sive a.nd effective approach to the ca.re of three broadly stated demands were met: plosive bomb partially detonated on a patients. 1. An end to the kicking out of all poor boxcar on a siding at what the NWLF Systemic lupus is a chronic, multisys elderly people from their homes a.nd com thought was the Coors distributor in tem disease involving the kidney, lung, munities to serve the interest of big business Hollister. However, the distributor had heart, or brain, which is disabling and a.nd their blood money. moved a week earlier and the NWLF did often fatal. 2. Bring all sub-standard housing up to not claim the explosion since the mistake fire health and safety codes without a.n in Only $1 million of the $175 million crease in rent. showed the allegedly "infallible" terror budget of the Institute of Arthritis, 3. Bring the International Hotel up to ists had "bad intelligence." Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases at code-the tenants to return home without a August 17-a bomb thrown over a fence NIH is allocated to lupus research. Ad rent increase. exploded at the Coors distributor in Au- ditional moneys allocated to lupus at 30726 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1977 other institutes raise Federal spending the funds are spent that no one outside o! Panamanian strongman, Omar Torrijos, to $3 million in this field, or $6 per known that country really knows i! the children is not really alined closely with Cuban lupus victim per year. Considering the there benefit at all ... From the evidence it would seem that those who contribute to dictator, Fidel Castro. prohibitive costs of lupus medications UNICEF actually allow many of the receiving I quote from a State Department and the loss of productivity in persons states to divert their resources from helping memorandum of September 19 which suffering from lupus, this expenditure is their own children to military and aggressive recently arrived in my office: insignificant. ends." Panama's relations with Cuba. and the The goals of Lapus Week are to focus The truth of Mrs. Rubin's criticisms have communist countries are not close; neither attention on the problems and needs of been confirmed by no less an authority than the Soviet Union nor China maintains em lupus victims and to create an increased U.N. Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim. Here bassies in Panama. awareness of the disease. are excerpts from a story released by the Reli gious News Service in April 1975: "In a Rome I suppose that the State Department interview with the New York Times, Wald thinks that the Congress and the Ameri heim appeared to confirm reports that the can people are not a ware of the vast size Communist administrators in Vietnam are of the Cuban diplomatic delegation in UNICEF-CORRECTION PLEASE interested in U.N. assistance, but that they would insist on controll1ng the distribution Panama City-larger by far than any of food, medicine, shelter, and other assist other delegation. I suppose that the HON. LARRY McDONALD ance the United Nations is now gathering State Department thinks that the Con OF GEORGIA from available stockpiles for transport when gress and the American people are not arrangements are made. In all other situa aware of the recent signing of economic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions, UNICEF, the refugee agency, and all treaties between Panama and Cuba's Friday, September 23, 1977 other UN organizations have always insisted patron and banker, the Soviet Union. on controlling the situation on the ground. Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, as the "UNI CEF officials in New York acknowl Be that as it may, the State Depart time for the approach of the Halloween edge that this has not been the case in their ment will be hard put to warp its propa goblins grows nearer, it is well once dealings with the Vietcong, North Vietnam, ganda around the latest bit of informa again to take critical notice of the de or the Khmer Rouge rebel forces in Cam tion about Torrijos' true attitude toward fects of UNICEF as opposed to the prop bodia. In these areas UNICEF merely ar Castro. aganda that is given our schoolchildren ranges for the types of material requested This information is not from some each year. An item that appeared in the by those authorities to be shipped to Hanoi. mere "reliable source" close to Torrijos From there on, the goods go into the field it comes straight from the man himself. Review of the News on September 14, without any further UNICEF control over 1977, does this very well and I include it it." Keep this in mind the next time you And that is why I think the State Depart for the thoughtful consideration of my hear U.N.I.C.E.F. propagandists claim that it ment will have a hard time explaining colleagues. carefully monitors the use of its funds. away this little embarrassment. The article follows : Reports continue to come out of the newly No sooner had Panama's military enslaved countries of Indochina describing CORRECTION, PLEASE! strongman, Omar Torrijos, left the the mass murders and atrocities by Com United States after signing the treaties Knocking the United Nations is an effort munist overlords, yet U.N.I.C.E.F . callously and hugging President Carter, than his less indoor sport. The Jobbery, the inefficiency supports the slavemasters. In !act, a 1976 in which posts are filled on a ratio of national U.N. report recommended giving millions thoughts turned to his friend and ally, origin and the once-in-, impossible-to-fire, more to "resettle" eight million persons, Fidel Castro. While Torrijos' plane was practice are all too evident in the U.N. But more than one-third the population of con enroute from Washington to Panama, he what this ignores, in the opinion of one ob quered South Vietnam. What this amounts and Castro exchanged cordial telegrams. server, is the work of the U.N.'s related to is the support of terrible atrocities. The Diario Las Americas reported Torrijos' agencies. Some o! these agencies have been whole world now knows that "resettlement" message to Castro as follows: bogged down in Third World politics. There in Cambodia, for instance, involved forcing As I return to my homeland and am flying is one, however, that has set a high and million<: of person~. including all the hos consistent goal and has become a shining over the sky of Cuba I salute you with ever pital patients, from the ca.pita.I city of Phnom lasting friendship. It is my desire that the light in all the dark places in the earth. It Penh into the cou ntryside to die of thirst is the United Nations International Chil Cuban people, under your certain direction, and starvation while they were being worked will continue their upward march toward dren's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) . to death. Correction: Mr. Childs ignores a venal progress. Congressman Don Clausen (R.-California) In Latin America your name is associated flaw in U.N.I.C.E.F. which more balanced ob expressed the total disgust felt by many servers have pointed out repeatedly. with sentiments of dignity that have been Americans at U.N.I.C.E.F.'s schemes to fi channeled toward the termination of a.11 Fifteen years ago a number of Roman nance the Communist butchers in Indo Catholic leaders stopped supporting vestiges of shameful colonialism. china. As he puts it: "Such gratuity on the OMAR TORRI.JOS. U.N.I.C.E.F . Their position was ably stated part of the UN is absolutely ludicrous . ... by Msgr. Edward J. Goebel of Milwaukee : What we are witnessing, as I see it, ls a. Within minutes, Torrijos is reported to "Our opposition to the UNICEF program was world body rewarding aggression, rewarding have received a cordial reply from Castro, based on the protest of several of our former the killing and torture of . . . civilians and the text of which was not made public. Catholic Army chaplains who maintain that prisoners of war, and rewarding the kind o! UNICEF proceeds were not contributed to Now, I do not know how much this tele UN lunacy in which the Communists re gram lost in Library of Congress trans youth in need, but rather that they were joice." taken up by the Communists in the [Com lation, but it must have been a heck of a mq,p.ist-controlled] countries.'' What this Trick or treat for U.N.I.C.E.F.? Celebrate lot if it reflects the State Department's means, as any refugee from a Communist the birth of Christ by using U.N.I.C.E.F. greeting cards? No thanks, not me. I can opinion of what is not a "close relation dictatorship will tell you, ls that food and ship." I look forward to the next bout of aid are so controlled that one either sub imagine few actions that would be more im mits to his Communist masters or he starves! moral.-W.E.D. State Department verbal contortions The Reds use food and medicine as weapons. when it tries to explain away the two A letter criticizing U.N.I.C.E.F., by an in telegrams. formed and irate woman named Harriet Rubin, appeared in the New York Times !or OMAR AND FIDEL: FRIENDS TO November 27, 1975. Mrs. Rubin wrote: "India THE END has been one of the chief beneficiaries of OUR GAME OF RUSSIAN ROULETTE UNICEF funds. While the children of that country continue to starve in the streets of HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN their cities and villages, India uses its meager OF CALIFORNIA HON. DALE MILFORD resources to develop and build an atomic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF TEXAS arsensal. Another nation receiving UNICEF IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES funds, Cuba, prefers to use its resources to Friday, September 23, 1977 export revolution to Angola, where it has Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, these Friday, September 23, 1977 sent a 3,000-man force in support of a Soviet days there is a lot of propaganda ema backed army. This was reported in the Times Mr. MILFORD. Mr. Speaker, I think of November 21. North Vietnam continues to nating from the State Department in everyone knows how to play the game of be one of the chief beneficiaries of UNICEF regard to the Carter-Torrijos canal "Russian Roulette." One simply loads up funds. However, that nation has always put treaties. One of the more ludicrous as the cylinder of a revolver with deadly such restrictions on the monitoring of how sertions of the State Department is that bullets in all cartridge holes except one. September 23, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30727 You then spin the cylinder and, without dreaded the thought of an aerial inva seen 16 "to 19 years of service; the older peeking, point the pistol to your own sion just as much as they feared a land ones have been around for over 23 years. head and pull the trigger. assault. Their historical experience drives The B-52 fleet is clearly aged in time and If you are lucky, this is a fun game. them to prepare and pay heavily for technology and is obsolete. However, only idiots participate. Ra strong defenses against this potential True, we are going to deploy the new tional people know that deadly weapons invader. air launched cruise missile-the ALCM should be used only for protection and We need to fully appreciate and un but we need to understand and the Amer furthermore, they are used only when derstand what this means to us today, ican people have a right to know that one is forced into using them. and, second, why it is vitally important the ALCM, as good as it is, can never be Any professionally trained protector, that we continue to have a strong, mod a substitute for the manned bomber. whether a soldier or a policeman, will ern manned bomber fleet. The ALCM can certainly hit the tar tell you that when you are forced into a The Soviet Air Defense Force has over gets it is prugramed against but it cannot fight you must use every weapon possible 550,000 military personnel-about the be recalled once launched; it cannot re and with enough force to insure success. size of our entire Air Force-580,000. port the damage it has done to a target; One would never use a pistol loaded for Their strategic air defense includes over and the ALCM cannot withhold on a a game of Russian Roulette in a real 12,000 expensive surface to air missiles high-priority target that may have al fight. The professional soldier or police we have none; they have bought and ready been hit by an earlier weapon. man would not only want all bullets in must man 6,000 radar sites, and they Likewise, the ALCM cannot be reused; the gun, but also all possible types of guns have over 2,oOO strategic air defense in cannot conduct search and destroy mis that might be needed. terceptors. The cost to develop, deploy, sions against targets that may have This Nation may be entering into a and update these forces-devoted solely avoided prier detection; nor can the game of "Russian Roulette" in carrying for home turf-has been and continues ALCM, with its nge of 1,500 nautical out our national defense policies. One of to cost the Soviets billions. miles-and that is optimistic-strike all the bullets in our defense gun is being If we do away with or deemphasize the targets in Russia. Finally, the ALCM is withdrawn-the manned bomber. strategic manned bomber, we will then not combat tested as have been our I am deeply and increasingly con allow the Soviets to divert these huge bomber crews and aircraft. Do not forget cerned over the current trend which resources from homeland defense to that our bombers have never been turned seems to downgrade and, in fact, at times building and expanding their offensive back from striking any target by any ignores the vital role that our strategic systems-their submarines, warships, enemy; and the Soviets know that. bomber force plays in preventing the armoured vehicles, intercontinental If we let the ALCM take preeminence Soviets and others from involving us in bombers and missiles. over the strategic bomber-and we are armed conflict. We could come full cycle: From being headed that way-we are disrupting the One big reason people do not under unquestionably superior; past our pres balance of land-based ICBM's, sea stand our strategic defense needs is that ent day, so-called equal situation; to a launched ballistic missiles, and manned we have gotten tangled up and confused complete reversal-with the United strategic bombers. This mix of forces has by focusing on such high sounding words States not able to negotiate on an equal proven entirely successful for the last and concepts as TRIAD, throw weights, basis with the Soviets. three decades and we need to be very megatons, and by bean counting war Obviously, then, it is vitally important hesitant when we tamper with it. heads, ICBMS, SLBMS, MIRV'S or what that we force the Russians to continue Worst yet, we are playing right into have you. This fancy numbers and exotic using large parts of their military budget the Soviets' hands. With no new bombers word game serves only to obscure the for defensive purposes instead of having in sight, the Soviets can concentrate very real need this Nation has for a all their rubles go to offensive weapons. solely on missile defense against the modern strategic bomber force. A second factor in the Soviet makeup ICBM's, submarine missiles and cruise What must be brought out loud and missiles. Technological breakthroughs clear and reiterated, is the very simple, that we need to take into account is that the Russians respect size and strength. could decrease or eliminate the worth of yet most important, effects the bomber all missile-oriented offense force. fleet has in keeping the Soviets from This factor is especially valuable if you can make it highly visible and impres Likewise with their defense proposition gaining an overwhelming, upper hand simplified-no new bomber to think over us. sive when the going gets tough. Our To understand this, we need first to ICBMs are underground. They are out about-the billions of rubles that have of sight as are our underwater based sub been spent to improve, expand, and mod consider the nature of the Soviet people. ify air def ens es could now be directed This is more important than many people marine launched ballistic missiles. These to realize. Unlike us, the Soviet nation has missiles are, therefore, most important expanding their offensive forces. The So been brutally invaded on many, many oc but they are not very visible--at least viets could easily and rapidly overshadow casions throughout history. The Poles, not until after they are fired out of their us in the manned bomber arena which the French and-twice in this century silos and tubes. has, until now, been the one place we had the Germans, among others, have in The manned strategic bomber, in con a decisive, powerful edge. vaded Russia. The Russians have, and trast, lends itself to reflecting national We also need to recognize that mis understandably so, developed a strong resolve and intent short of going to war. siles-ICBM's, SLBM's, and ALCM's national inclination to preoare against We have in the past flexed our strategic can only be brought to bear in a nuclear any kind of military force that can de bomber muscles-and most successfully. exchange. This is not so for the bombers. liver the fight to their homeland. In When the Strategic Air Command took One reason we must have a modernized contrast, we in the United States do not to the air in round-the-clock airborne bomber fleet is to give us solid strength have this same preoccupation for strong alert during the Cuban crisis, the Soviets for confrontations short of a nuclear war. defensive forces. Quite the opposite--our got the message. They backed down. Bombers can be used in the so-called view is essentially that the best defense The same thing happened during the "brush wars." is a strong offense. Carrying a bigger bat Israeli crisis when the number of stra We do not know what nonnuclear ac than the other guy has worked so well tegic bombers on alert was raoidly and tions the Soviets or their satellites might for us that we spend very little, for ex dramatically increased. A hard message contemplate. We do know from experi ample, on air defense forces. Meanwhile, of seriousness of purpose and resolve on ence they will push and shove anytime the Soviets ring their boundaries and our part was heard around the world. they have an advantage. A modern cities with SAMs, radars, and a huge Again, the Soviet bear looked at this bomber force which can deliver concen fighter interceptor force. very visible, very credible bomber force trated loads of conventional, nonnuclear In the past we have always maintained and pulled his claws in. He knew we had ordinance provides a healthy incentive and planned a sizable manned bomber our ICBM's and submarine missiles but for the Soviets and their associates to force that could strike anywhere in the it was the bombers that delivered the limit their pushing and shoving to the Soviet Union. It was this bomber force message. negotiating table and not take to the fir strategy which forced the Russians, by Our Strategic Air Command has about ing line. nature and necessity, to direct massive 450 bombers: 60 of them are relatively Rightfully or wrongfully, the B-1 is resources to defend their air space. They new FB-111 's. The vast majority have down the tubes and the B-52 cannot go 30728 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE September 24, 1977 on into the 1980's and the 1990's as a vi without undue delay whether or not a I reiterate; a strong, modern manned able weapons system in today's high tech stretch version of the FB-111 can meet bomber force is a vital cornerstone to our nology air defense systems. We must, our needs. If so, let us get it. If not, let us Nation's sa-fety and a new manned stra thererore, for the safety of the Nation move out to find an airplane that will, tegic bomber is needed to keep that and in the interest of peace for the world for we simply cannot afford to let the strength. We must remember and under move forward, without delay, to fill in strategic bomber rorce deteriorate. stand that it is that weapons system the ever-widening gap. The very well-being of the Nation is at the bomber-which forces the Soviets to Three years ago, I suggested a stretch stake-ICBM's, SLMB's, ALCM's, and all divert their arms spending to defensive version of the FB-111 as a possible, and other alphabet soup missiles are fine but systems; lets us demonstrate our serious less expensive alternate to the B-1. The they cannot replace the strategic manned ness of purpose and resolve; and gives us Air Force was not very interested because bomber. A new bomber can and must be options and capabilities, nuclear and the B-1 looked better than before cost brought into our strategic inventory. nonnuclear, that no missile can provide. increases and delays drove it out of sight. Otherwise the Soviets are going to be in T?,e strategic bomber is indeed the king In today's changed circumstances I be a position to club us into going their pm to deterrence and the prevention of lieve we should reexamine the less costly way-anci they have been known to do war. We need it now and in the future. FB-111. I submit that we need to get a . Mr. Speaker, as stated earlier, "Rus just that. Ask Czechoslovakia, Hungary, sian roulette" is a game played by idiots. reasonable program underway to verify Poland, and a few others. I hope we will not become a player. SENATE-Saturday, September 24, 1977

(Legislative day of Thursday, September 22, 1977)

The Senate met at 9 a.m., on the ex the chair as Acting President pro tem distinguished Sergeant at Arms to dem piration of the recess, and was called pore. to order by Hon. EDWARD ZORINSKY, a onstrate this new facility to some of our Senator from the State of Nebraska. colleagues who have not yet seen it and RECOGNITION OF LEADERSHIP noticed it. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Our While I first related it to the benedic prayer this morning will be offered by The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem pore. The Senator from West Virginia. tion offered !>y our colleague, Senator the Reverend JOHN c. DANFORTH, a Sen DANFORTH, I see from the smiling counte ator from Missouri. nance of the Sergeant at Arms that he instead claims full credit. [Laughter.] PRAYER THE JOURNAL Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Well, now, The Reverend JOHN c. DANFORTH, a Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, Mr. President, I think I would have to say Senator from the State of Missouri, of I ask unanimous consent that the Jour that I am not entirely persuaded by my fered the following prayer: nal of the proceedings of yesterday, Fri distinguished colleague and friend, the Let us pray: day, September 23, 1977, be approved. minority leader. God works in mysterious O God of history, throughout the cen The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem ways his wonders to P€rform. turies You have made Your presence pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. Mr. BAKER. We are off to some start. known in the events of Your creation. In [Laughter.] the fullness of time You came into the Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, if the world You made to be with us and to TRIBUTE TO SENATOR DANFORTH Senator will yield, I hope the Sergeant at redeem us. To each of us You have given Arms will be instructed to keep the Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President rheostat up higher today. our allotted time on this Earth, and You I personally want to commend our col~ have entrusted us with responsibility for Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I yield back league, Senator DANFORTH, on his deliv my time. the faithful discharge of Your steward ery of the prayer this morning. It was ship. Be with us now in all our actions a very appropriate prayer, and I think that our days may be wisely sl)€nt in that we, his colleagues, can be exceed ROUTINE MORNING BUSINESS Your service, and that our time on Earth, ingly proud that Senator DANFORTH per not squandered in useless folly, may be The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem formed so nobly in the offering of this pore. Under the previous order, there will dedicated to Your honor and glory, so prayer. that at the last day, when we must an now be a period for the transaction of swer for our actions, we may be found Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I join with routine morning business to not extend worthy of Your eternal kingdom. Amen. the majority leader in commending our beyond 9:30 a.m. with statements limited colleague, Senator DANFORTH, for his therein to 3 minutes. opening prayer. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. Presi APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI I was struck by the appropriateness dent, I suggest the absence of a quorum. DENT PRO TEMPORE and the uniqueness in the reference of The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem the introduction by the distinguished p0re. The clerk will call the roll. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk Presiding Officer to Rev. JOHN DANFORTH, The assistant legislative clerk pro will please read a communication to the the Senator from Missouri. He serves ceeded to call the roll. Senate from the President pro tempore Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, (Mr. EASTLAND). with distinction in both capacities. I have no further need for my time I ask unanimous consent that the order The assistant legislative clerk read the under the standing order, and I yield it f m·. the quorum call be rescinded. following letter: back. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem U.S. SENATE, pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, Washington, D.C., September 24, 1977. LIGHTING IN THE CHAMBER